Semi soft hero mesh. East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit: Revolutionizing Lacrosse Performance

What makes the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit stand out. How does it improve player performance on the field. Why is semi-soft mesh gaining popularity in lacrosse. Where can players find this innovative mesh kit.

The Evolution of Lacrosse Mesh Technology

Lacrosse equipment has come a long way in recent years, with manufacturers constantly innovating to improve player performance. One area that has seen significant advancements is lacrosse mesh technology. The East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit represents the latest evolution in this field, offering players a unique combination of features designed to enhance their game.

From Traditional to Semi-Soft: A Game-Changing Transition

Traditionally, lacrosse players had to choose between hard mesh and soft mesh for their sticks. Hard mesh offered durability and consistency, while soft mesh provided better feel and control. The introduction of semi-soft mesh, like the Hero 3, bridges this gap by offering the best of both worlds. This innovative material strikes a balance between the structure of hard mesh and the pliability of soft mesh, giving players enhanced performance across various playing conditions.

Key Features of the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit

The Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit boasts several features that set it apart from its predecessors and competitors:

• Zone-tech Channel LHT fibers for improved channel construction
• Reduced elasticity compared to traditional LHT fibers
• Enhanced pocket formation for a cleaner catch
• Available in multiple color combinations
• Optimized for both offensive and defensive play

These features work together to create a mesh that adapts to various playing styles and weather conditions, making it a versatile choice for lacrosse players at all levels.

The Science Behind Semi-Soft Mesh Technology

Semi-soft mesh technology is the result of extensive research and development in materials science. By carefully engineering the fiber composition and weave pattern, manufacturers like East Coast Dyes have created a mesh that offers superior performance characteristics.

Understanding Fiber Composition

The Hero 3 mesh utilizes a unique blend of fibers that contribute to its semi-soft properties. These fibers are designed to maintain their shape under stress while still allowing for some flexibility. This balance is crucial for providing players with consistent performance throughout a game or practice session.

The Role of Weave Patterns

The weave pattern used in the Hero 3 mesh is another critical factor in its performance. By carefully controlling the density and orientation of the fibers, East Coast Dyes has created a mesh that offers optimal ball control and release. This attention to detail in the weave pattern contributes to the mesh’s ability to form a consistent pocket and channel for improved accuracy.

Performance Benefits for Lacrosse Players

Players who switch to the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit often experience several performance benefits:

1. Improved ball control and feel
2. More consistent pocket shape
3. Enhanced accuracy on shots and passes
4. Better performance in various weather conditions
5. Reduced break-in time compared to traditional hard mesh

These benefits can translate to improved on-field performance, giving players an edge over their competition.

Customization Options and Color Varieties

One of the standout features of the Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit is the wide range of color options available. Players can choose from various combinations, including:

• White
• White / Striker Blue
• White / Carolina Blue
• White / Black
• White / Red
• White / Gray
• White / Navy

This variety allows players to customize their stick to match team colors or personal preferences, adding a touch of individuality to their equipment.

Maintenance and Care for Semi-Soft Mesh

To ensure optimal performance and longevity of the Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit, proper maintenance is essential. Here are some tips for caring for your semi-soft mesh:

• Regularly clean the mesh with warm water and mild soap
• Allow the mesh to air dry completely before use
• Avoid excessive heat exposure, which can damage the fibers
• Re-adjust the pocket periodically to maintain optimal shape
• Store the stick in a cool, dry place when not in use

By following these maintenance guidelines, players can ensure that their Hero 3 mesh continues to perform at its best throughout its lifespan.

Comparing the Hero 3 to Other Mesh Options

When evaluating the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit, it’s important to consider how it stacks up against other mesh options on the market. Here’s a brief comparison:

Hero 3 vs. Traditional Hard Mesh

While hard mesh offers durability and consistency, it often requires a longer break-in period and can be less forgiving in terms of ball feel. The Hero 3 semi-soft mesh provides similar consistency with improved feel and a shorter break-in time.

Hero 3 vs. Soft Mesh

Soft mesh is known for its excellent ball feel but can lack the structure and consistency needed for high-level play. The Hero 3 strikes a balance by offering improved feel while maintaining the necessary structure for consistent performance.

Hero 3 vs. Other Semi-Soft Options

While other semi-soft mesh options exist, the Hero 3 stands out due to its Zone-tech Channel LHT fibers and optimized weave pattern. These features contribute to its superior channel formation and overall performance.

The Future of Lacrosse Mesh Technology

As lacrosse continues to evolve, we can expect further advancements in mesh technology. The success of semi-soft mesh like the Hero 3 is likely to inspire continued innovation in this field. Some potential areas for future development include:

• Integration of smart materials for enhanced performance feedback
• Further improvements in weather resistance and durability
• Development of eco-friendly mesh options
• Customizable mesh patterns for individual player preferences

These potential advancements could revolutionize the way players interact with their equipment and further enhance on-field performance.

Where to Purchase the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit

For players interested in trying out the Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit, there are several purchasing options available:

• Official East Coast Dyes website
• Authorized lacrosse equipment retailers
• Online marketplaces specializing in sports equipment
• Select sporting goods stores

When purchasing, be sure to verify the authenticity of the product to ensure you’re getting genuine East Coast Dyes mesh. Authentic Hero 3 mesh will come in its original packaging and include all advertised features.

Player Testimonials and Reviews

Many players who have made the switch to the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit have reported positive experiences. Here are some common themes from player testimonials:

• “The Hero 3 mesh gave me better ball control almost immediately.”
• “I love how the pocket maintains its shape, even during intense games.”
• “The color options are great for customizing my stick.”
• “The semi-soft feel is perfect for my playing style.”
• “I’ve noticed improved accuracy in my shots since switching to the Hero 3.”

These testimonials highlight the real-world benefits that players are experiencing with this innovative mesh technology.

Incorporating the Hero 3 Mesh into Your Game

For players considering making the switch to the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit, here are some tips for incorporating it into your game:

1. Allow for a short break-in period to get used to the new feel
2. Experiment with different pocket depths to find your optimal setup
3. Practice various shot types to take full advantage of the improved accuracy
4. Pay attention to how the mesh performs in different weather conditions
5. Regularly maintain and adjust your pocket to ensure consistent performance

By taking these steps, players can maximize the benefits of the Hero 3 mesh and potentially see significant improvements in their game.

The Impact of Mesh Technology on Lacrosse Strategy

As mesh technology continues to evolve, it’s having a noticeable impact on lacrosse strategy at both the individual and team levels. The improved performance characteristics of semi-soft mesh like the Hero 3 are allowing players to execute more complex maneuvers with greater consistency.

Individual Player Strategy

At the individual level, players are finding that the Hero 3 mesh allows them to:

• Attempt more challenging shots with increased confidence
• Improve their ball retention in high-pressure situations
• Execute quicker passes and catches
• Adapt more easily to changing weather conditions during games

Team Strategy and Gameplay

On a team level, the adoption of advanced mesh technology like the Hero 3 is influencing offensive and defensive strategies:

• Faster-paced offensive plays due to improved ball control
• More aggressive defensive tactics, relying on improved stick checks
• Increased emphasis on precision passing in offensive schemes
• Greater adaptability to different playing surfaces and weather conditions

As more players adopt semi-soft mesh technology, we may see further evolution in lacrosse strategies and gameplay styles.

The Role of Equipment Innovation in Lacrosse’s Growing Popularity

Lacrosse has been experiencing significant growth in popularity in recent years, and equipment innovations like the East Coast Dyes Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit are playing a crucial role in this trend. Here’s how advanced mesh technology is contributing to the sport’s growth:

Improved Player Experience

By offering enhanced performance and customization options, semi-soft mesh is making the game more enjoyable for players at all levels. This improved experience can lead to increased player retention and word-of-mouth promotion of the sport.

Lowering the Barrier to Entry

The reduced break-in time and improved consistency of semi-soft mesh can make it easier for new players to pick up the sport. This accessibility is crucial for attracting new participants and growing the lacrosse community.

Enhancing Spectator Appeal

As players are able to execute more complex and precise maneuvers thanks to advanced mesh technology, the game becomes more exciting to watch. This increased spectator appeal can help attract new fans and grow the sport’s audience.

Driving Innovation Across the Industry

The success of products like the Hero 3 Semi-Soft Mesh Kit inspires further innovation in lacrosse equipment. This continuous improvement cycle helps keep the sport fresh and exciting for players and fans alike.

As lacrosse continues to grow in popularity, we can expect to see further advancements in mesh technology and other equipment innovations. These developments will likely play a significant role in shaping the future of the sport, both on and off the field.

Various Colors East Coast Dyes Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW Lacrosse Sticks gkdevelopers.com



Various Colors East Coast Dyes Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW Lacrosse Sticks gkdevelopers.com

White / Carolina Blue, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging. White / Red, undamaged item in its original packaging (where packaging is applicable). Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, providing a cleaner catch. Zone-tech Channel LHT fibers are used in the channel construction. Colors: White, White / Navy.. Condition:： New: A brand-new, East Coast Dyes Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh – Various Colors (NEW). Model: Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft. Less elastic then ECDs LHT fibers. unopened, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. See the seller’s listing for full details. See all condition definitions ： Model: ： Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft ， Brand: ： East Coast Dyes： MPN: ： Does Not Apply ， 。, White / Striker Blue, White / Black, White / Gray, unused.

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Various Colors East Coast Dyes Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW

Various Colors East Coast Dyes Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW

Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW Various Colors East Coast Dyes, Zone-tech Channel LHT fibers are used in the channel construction, Colors: White, White / Striker Blue, White / Carolina Blue, White / Black, White / Red, White / Gray, White / Navy,Model: Hero 2,0 Semi-Soft, Less elastic then ECDs LHT fibers, providing a cleaner catch,Online Wholesale Shop,Authenticity Guaranteed,Our experienced sales staff will be happy to serve you! Coast Dyes Hero 2. 0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW Various Colors East, Various Colors East Coast Dyes Hero 2.0 Semi-Soft Lacrosse Mesh NEW.

Alexandra Burke goes braless in a plunging mesh dress

Alexandra Burke looked sensational as she stepped out in London on Thursday – after winning  Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins alongside Wes Nelson and Aled Davies.

The singer, 33, went braless in a black and white mesh dress, which plunged to display her cleavage.

The dress featured racy panels of fabric and a mesh overlay which displayed her toned legs.

Wow: Alexandra Burke looked sensational as she stepped out in London on Thursday – after winning Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins alongside Wes Nelson and Aled Davies

Alexandra wore her fiery locks in soft waves and sported a radiant palette of make-up as she carried her dog. 

The outing comes as Alexandra, Wes Nelson and Aled Davies emerged victorious during Sunday night’s final of Celebrity: SAS Who Dares Wins.

The three celebrities all passed the gruelling process after the final five were put through an intense interrogation, with Alexandra revealing she believes her late mother Melissa Bell helped her to make it all the way.  

Busty: The singer, 33, went braless in a black and white mesh dress, which plunged to display her cleavage

Pose: The dress featured racy panels of fabric and a mesh overlay which displayed her toned legs

Smile: Alexandra looked stunning as she posed in the racy ensemble

Several interrogators were sent in to try and make the celebrities reveal why they were on the island with tactics including stripping them naked and dousing them in cold water.

Singer Alexandra, 33, reality star Wesy, 23, and Paralympian Aled, 30, were the final three remaining after the interrogation with all eventually confessing which they were told was ‘the right decision’. 

The stars were congratulated on completing the course on the Scottish island of Rasaay with Ant Middleton telling them they had ‘honesty and integrity’.

James Cracknell and Ore Oduba also made it to the final but both ended up withdrawing.

It was a gruelling series with Ulrika Jonsson, Jake Quickenden, Shanaze Reade and Kieron Dyer all withdrawing on medical grounds.

Success: The outing comes as Alexandra, Wes and Aled emerged victorious during Sunday night’s final of Celebrity: SAS Who Dares Wins

Family: The three celebrities all passed the gruelling process after the final five were put through an intense interrogation, with Alexandra revealing she believes her late mother Melissa Bell helped her to make it all the way

It comes as Alexandra revealed she believes her mum Melissa, who passed away in 2017, gave her the strength to reach the final despite sustaining broken ribs and an ankle injury.

Speaking to The Mirror, she said: ‘There’s nothing that prepares you for losing a parent.

‘I think that is where my strength comes from because I don’t have an excuse in my eyes to be anything but strong – I saw what my mum went through when she was ill. And what she went through was tough.

‘What we witnessed as a family, what my mum went through and how she fought for herself, it only gave me strength.’

Tough: The stars were congratulated on completing the course with Ant Middleton telling them they had ‘honesty and integrity’

Alexandra bonded with Ant during the series as he lost his own mother last year.  

A few weeks ago, the Londoner teared up on the series whilst opening up about the loss of her mother.

The Broken Heels songstress’ mum passed away while Alexandra was on tour with Sister Act: The Musical.

Sitting down with SAS instructors Ant and Melvyn Downes to talk about her struggles during the Channel 4 show, she explained how she felt ‘exhausted’ but ‘okay’.

Final: Alexandra, 33, Wes, 23, (pictured) and Aled, 30, were the final three remaining after the interrogation with all eventually confessing which they were told was ‘the right decision’

Ant asked why she lacked confidence, with Alexandra replying: ‘It comes from many places, actually, and I think the first place is… I get my confidence from my mum. She was my weapon, she was my secret weapon.

‘To not have her, I feel like I’ve lost all purpose. The day she left, I feel… is the day she took all of me.’

Through tears, she went on to recall: ‘And she died in my arms and she waited four hours for me to drive from f**king Blackpool to be there. ‘

Alexandra lost Soul II Soul singer Melissa to diabetes mellitus and kidney problems. She was 53 at the time of her death.

Emotional: A few weeks ago, Alexandra teared up on the series whilst opening up about the loss of her mother

Cocktail College: How to Make the Perfect Ramos Gin Fizz

A classic cocktail first dreamed up in New Orleans, the Ramos Gin Fizz is one of the frothiest, most Instagram-worthy drinks out there. Lore has it that bars employed shaker boys for the rigorous job of shaking up Ramos Gin Fizzes — for 20 minutes straight.

On this episode of “Cocktail College,” host Tim McKirdy talks with Lucinda Sterling, managing partner at New York bars Middle Branch and Seaborne, about the craft of making the Ramos Gin Fizz. Sterling brings along her best tips for the tricky business of blending egg whites, cream, simple syrup, and citrus with gin. Plus, she shares her tips for making a Ramos foamy and photo-ready, without overworking her biceps in the process.

Tune in to learn how to make the perfect Ramos Gin Fizz.

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MAKE LUCINDA STERLING’S RAMOS GIN FIZZ

Ingredients

• 2 ounces gin, such as Ford’s or Beefeater
• ½ ounce lemon juice
• ½ ounce lime juice
• 1 ounce simple syrup
• 1 ounce heavy cream
• 1 medium egg white
• 1 small drop orange blossom water

Directions

1. Add heavy cream to a shaker filled with ice, and egg white to a separate shaker without ice.
2. Shake both at the same time until the tin with cream is well chilled. Shake the egg white for a little longer, then combine the two in the egg white tin (without ice).
3. Add lemon juice, lime juice, simple syrup, and gin.
4. Add a small handful of pellet ice and shake for as long as you can stand (at least three minutes).
5. Strain it into a cold fizz glass (or a highball glass).
6. Place in the fridge for a minute or two.
7. Top with soda water and finish with orange blossom water.

CHECK OUT THE CONVERSATION HERE

Tim McKirdy: This is “Cocktail College.” I’m Tim McKirdy, and we are here in the VinePair headquarters with Lucinda Sterling. Today, we’re talking about the Ramos Gin Fizz. Lucinda, welcome.

Lucinda Sterling: Thank you so much. It’s a pleasure to be here.

T: It’s great to be here with you. It’s brunch o’clock here, and the Ramos Gin Fizz is the perfect brunch cocktail. It has everything you need in there. We’re talking gin, cream, lemon and lime, and soda water. Before we get into the nitty gritty and the technique, is the combination of those things kind of an outlier in the cocktail space? There’s some notable things there. You don’t find cream in most cocktails. There’s also the use of lemon and lime. How much of a stand-alone drink is this?

L: With the mix of lemon and lime, you’re getting a more balanced citrus effect. Lime is a little bit more gentle, and that’s why you can get away with using more of it in certain drinks like the Gimlet, Daiquiri, or Margarita.

T: It’s so interesting. I was recently at a talk given by Dale DeGroff. He was talking about the history of citrus and saying those same things, about how lime and lemon are different profiles that can complement each other. Like you say, they have a different pH and different acidity levels, and they bring different complexities to it. To my mind, I can’t think of any other cocktails — I’m sure they’re out there — that have lemon and lime both in there.

L: I couldn’t tell you for sure right now.

T: None of the good ones. If Lucinda doesn’t know them, they’re none of the ones that you want to be drinking.

L: Well, I want to drink everything, so I can’t speak to that. If there was another one, I would think that it would be something that has orange as well, making for a combination of all the citruses so that you get that roundness of citrus experience. I think that they have actually done a good job of distilling each of these ingredients — lemon, lime, orange, and maybe even grapefruit — into one. I think it was Tanqueray 10 that did that.

T: They have Rangpur, which is a Seville orange gin. It’s very good.

L: That’s where that’s important. You want that full consummate experience with the citrus that you’re getting.

How to Shake a Ramos Gin Fizz

T: That’s a fast forward into the future of this conversation. We’re going to be talking about that later. I think that’s a good candidate for a gin, when we get into that. I think the Ramos conversation boils down — actually, this is a cocktail podcast, so it distills down — to two topics. There’s shaking and Instagram appearances. One directly leads to the other. The shaking gets you to this drink that probably looks better than any other out there. Let’s talk about shaking. Famously, the legend goes that you should shake your Ramos for 20 minutes. Do you subscribe to that theory? I believe there’s a number of different techniques that have come out in recent years that can cut some of that time or make it a little bit easier.

L: I love the fact that there are so many stories behind the preparation process of the Ramos Gin Fizz. I do believe that there are separate processes involved in making the Ramos Gin Fizz. You have to shake your cream a little bit differently because it requires a lower temperature. If you shake your egg white too long, it just becomes flat or too hard and not as playful.

T: Over-whipped.

L: Yes. Over-whipped. It has your bubbles. I think integrating the bubbles is a really important part of making that Ramos Gin Fizz. So that was probably why it took so long, because there were so many different processes. I don’t think it was because some guy was standing there for 20 minutes.

T: Just shaking for 20 minutes. The story goes that in certain bars in New Orleans, you would employ people to shake this cocktail for 20 minutes, which is crazy. I think, like you said, things get lost in history. It didn’t necessarily take 20 minutes. Today, we have these different techniques. There’s the dry shake. There’s the reverse dry shake. What are these things? Should we care about them? How can they help this cocktail?

L: At the end of the day, I think you only need to care as far as your customer’s satisfaction goes. Make them happy. If they want a Ramos Gin Fizz that has two inches of foam on top, then do that for them. There’s a way to do it. You put it in the refrigerator, let it sit, and then you get that separation. If somebody wants a drink right away, integrate it. Just shake it together and pop it out on the bar.

T: Can you briefly explain to me, as a layman, what these two techniques are?

L: A dry shake just does not use ice.

T: Typically, we’re shaking cocktails that will have citrus and, in this case, egg white. Are you shaking it without ice?

L: You’re shaking an egg white, definitely, without ice first. That’s how you’re going to get the foam. You’re going to integrate the bubbles. Then, shaking with a little ice creates a little aggravation. The aggravation is an important process in making the cream. I would personally recommend shaking the egg white separate from the cream and not shaking the cream for too long. Then, join both of those together and finish shaking. Then, you’re getting this nice bubble layer.

T: Just a quick recap there as well. We’re going to get into these ingredients more, but we’re talking about in that tin. You have your gin, your lime and lemon, simple syrup to bring some balance and sweetness. At that point, you have your egg white, but you’re not going to add your cream first. You’re going to shake it up, add cream after, and shake it again. I’m starting to see where this whole 20-minute business is coming into it. It seems like a complicated process.

L: Right. If you’re a good bartender, then you can shake with both hands separately. If you’re going to make a lot of Ramos Gin Fizzes — if that’s something you regularly do, like they do in New Orleans — have a batch of semi-shaken cream on the side. It stores very well. It stays for three to five hours. That’s less work for the bartender.

T: So, it’s semi-whipped cream?

L: Not even really whipped. It’s just aerated slightly. That helps bring the bubbles to the egg white that’s been shaken and aerated.

T: And prepared on the side. That’s awesome. If you had this drink on your menu, you could have lemon and lime batched there for the day, but together. It’s just taking one step out of the process.

L: Absolutely. You don’t want to add your acid until everything is completely aerated, though.

T: Yeah. You just keep them separately, right? You have your aerated cream and your lemon-lime mix.

L: You can even do the lemon-lime mix with the gin if you want to really knock it out.

T: Mise en place. We’ve spoken about the effort that goes into it. Is this a drink that you want to put on the menu? From that preparation perspective, it takes a long time. Are you setting yourself up for failure if you put this on your menu? It’s a Friday night, and a group of eight people who have never heard of the Ramos Gin Fizz get eight of those. Should this be on the menu? Or is it more of an insider handshake, as we call it these days?

L: If it’s on the menu, it should come out of a gun. If somebody ordered a Ramos Gin Fizz from me, with it not being on the menu, I would make two — one for them, one for me.

T: For the record, you do not have this on your menu right now.

L: I think that’s a step in the wrong direction if you’re trying to be a craft cocktail bar. If you’re a restaurant-style bar, I think people expect to wait a little bit longer for their cocktails. We’re looking at making money and volume.

T: Money and volume. This is not a drink that’s receptive to those things.

L: It depends on how you prepare. You can knock it out as long as you don’t feel like you have to put it in the refrigerator and let it sit for 12 minutes, or have 12 people shaking for one minute at a time.

T: That comes into it as well. We’ve talked about the different shaking techniques. You’ve brought all those ingredients together in the shaker. You’ve shaken them, added your cream, you’re shaking that, too, you put it in the fridge to solidify the body, and this is all before we’re adding sparkling water.

L: I don’t know if it solidifies the body. I think what it does is creates a little separation, so then when you do finally add the soda, the foam rises to the top faster.

T: The foam separates from the rest of your ingredients.

L: Yeah. It’s lighter because of the air that’s been introduced. So, it’s going to sit higher up. If you add soda too fast, then it’s going to flow over the top of the glass. That’s why they do the slow pour. I think there’s a process where you can use a stirring spoon to add the soda, and it creates more of a sink effect.

T: Are we talking about the twisty part, the swizzle, of the spoon?

L: Yes. It’s a twisted bar spoon. If you add the soda via that, it goes straight to the bottom of the glass, rather than introducing carbonation straight at the top.

T: My first job in the restaurant industry was being a food runner. Unfortunately, part of my responsibilities were to make coffees as well. Towards the end of the night, we’d get the coffee orders in. That was fine, apart from the fact that I was 18 and didn’t drink coffee. On Saturday nights, we’d start to get Irish Coffee orders. I had this same problem all the time with whipping the cream and getting it to float. I would make three or four and the cream would sink. You’re supposed to do that on the back of a spoon. It’s kind of related to what we’re talking about with cream and spoons.

L: Think about it like this. The greatest surface tension is in the middle. If you add the cream to the middle, it’s less likely to drip down the side. If you’re putting your spoon in the middle, then it’s going to go straight. It’s going to maybe settle a little bit at the top, but if you’re talking about something going to the bottom intentionally, maybe go through from the side.

T: But, stick that spoon in there. With the Ramos, you’re sticking the spoon in so that the whole thing comes up.

L: Yeah, but you want to be careful not to break that mesh of protein.

T: Right. That’s what worries me when you’re talking about using the spoon. You just spent this effort creating this incredible foam, and then you’re going to stick a spoon in there?

L: From the side.

How to Make an Instagram-Worthy Ramos Gin Fizz

T: From the side. Perfect. Ultimately, you already answered this. It comes down to what the guest wants. For you yourself, Lucinda Sterling, are you going for the Ramos that looks amazing? I’m talking about Empire State foam on the top. Or, do you go for one that’s a little bit more chill, but very well incorporated? What do you subscribe to?

L: Now, the latter. One time, when I was making a Ramos Gin Fizz for a guest, she saw me making it. I put it in the fridge to let it sit for five minutes. In the meantime, I had made six to 10 other drinks. She saw that and said, “Why did you just make six to 10 other drinks and I’ve been waiting here for my Ramos Gin Fizz?” I told her, “That’s how you’re supposed to do it.” She said, “I’m out.” She walked away. I thought to myself, “Great. Now I have a Ramos Gin Fizz that I can drink.” I think it’s really important to think about the situation that you’re in. If somebody comes up and asks for a Ramos Gin Fizz and they give you some other details and requests, then of course, do your best to fulfill them. But at least be realistic about your situation.

T: Up until this point, we haven’t mentioned that orange blossom is in there. Is that something that I should be going on Amazon and ordering? Do I have to have that for this drink? Or, is it one of those things where I’m looking at a recipe and think, “Well, it says two drops. I don’t need that. I’ve got all the rest of the stuff.” How essential is that to this cocktail?

L: I think it’s essential, because you’ve already got the other two citrus ingredients. It adds to that floral element in the very fragile body that it has. Instead of using actual orange juice, which doesn’t work well in cocktails in general, you’ve got the essence of orange.

T: Really? Why is that, in terms of the oranges? I don’t really recall many drinks with orange juice.

L: There aren’t a lot. You’ve got the Gentlemen’s Buck and the New Orleans Buck. They use orange. Usually, those are pineapple based, but pineapple is not always that available. The orange just seems to have this quality where it gets less appealing if it’s not freshly juiced. There’s just something about it. I’m not quite sure. I’m not a scientist, but fresh orange juice is a thing. If it sits for a while, then it’s not as useful.

T: It’s not as good. The orange blossom essence is incredibly powerful, potent, and floral. It just has a profound effect.

L: The aromatics from that, I think, are gentle. It’s not going to overtake the drink. I think it’s essential in the delivery of the drink. As the foam dissipates or as bubbles start to break down, you get that beautiful smell. There’s a beautiful aroma from the Ramos Gin Fizz. I think that’s one of the draws.

T: That’s something about cocktails as well. With the Ramos specifically, we’re looking to engage all of the senses. We’ve got the eyes already. It looks amazing. Then, that helps with the aromas before you take a sip.

L: Sure. You’ve got the presentation. You’ve got the mouthfeel. You have the aromas. I think the most important thing to take away from that situation is smell. Smell has the most impact long term with your experiences.

T: That’s how you’re tasting. The nose knows. Another question here. I think that the Ramos is the soufflé of the cocktail world. Don’t say to me, “Oh yeah, that’s obvious, because you’re whipping it up and it’s hard to make.” The soufflé is something that you learn how to make, but you know it’s very fragile. You put it in the oven and it can collapse. It’s very difficult. Ultimately, is anyone ordering them? Is that true of the Ramos as well? Do you learn how to make your classic Ramos and then you never make one again? How popular is that drink these days? When was the last time you made a Ramos for a customer?

L: Four years ago.

T: Four years ago. Who was it?

L: It was a very important person.

T: Oh, really? Do you want to tell us about that?

L: Her name is Lucinda. There’s an Instagram page out there. Somebody started requesting people to send in their images of Ramos Gin Fizzes and how big they can get. So, I did that. I made it, and it fell so flat, immediately. I never sent in a picture. It’s an interesting site, though.

T: So, it’s an Instagram devoted to this cocktail?

L: Yes.

T: Wow. That was the last time you made that drink for a paying guest?

L: Yeah. I just decided to start making other things.

T: Clearly, you don’t have it on the menu, and people are also not coming in and ordering them.

L: It’s no surprise that they’re not. They don’t want to wait. I’m sure there’s a historical aspect to that. There are also other great ingredients out there that don’t incorporate egg and cream at the same time. Very rarely do I get an order for whiskey sour with an egg white in it. Pisco Sour, yes. That’s a very popular one. Egg white has gone by the wayside a little, though.

Perfecting the Ramos Gin Fizz

T: So let’s talk about the ingredients. Let’s take the microscope out now, and we’re going to look at incredible attention to detail. We’re going to look at every part of these ingredients and the process, starting with the gin. This is a gin cocktail. Do you feel like a classic London Dry is the way to go because it’s historical and it was probably what was used? Or, do you feel like these new styles of gin that we’re seeing may lend themselves more to the drink because they’re not quite as juniper-forward and have other aromatics?

L: Old Tom was the original.

T: Let’s talk about that.

L: That’s it. Old Tom was the original gin. Then you get your London Dry. Of course, London Dry still has those botanicals that you can smell. I think it’s a sweeter drink naturally because of its ingredients. It’s more like a dessert-style drink, or, like we said, brunch. These new styles are coming out that have some strange amount of botanicals. It depends on how those botanicals relate to the rest of the ingredients in the Ramos. I think that’s a really important consideration. You can have a dry gin and still make it taste good. It doesn’t mean that it’s dry, necessarily. It can still be a sweet drink. But, if there’s a citrus-forward gin, I would definitely gravitate toward that.

T: You were talking about that Tanqueray earlier.

L: 10 is the best.

T: 10 is really good. I have a very soft spot for 10. Citrus-forward gin is going to lend itself to the lemon and lime.

L: Sure. You don’t want to have too many gins in your well or on your back bar.

T: How many gins do you have on your back bar?

L: I lost count at 40. Just kidding, I only have six, and those are the most important ones that are ordered all the time like Hendrick’s, Plymouth, Beefeater, Empress.

T: Out of those, which one would you pick for this cocktail? Plymouth?

L: I think so.

T: That has that citrus-forward aspect.

L: Or Ford’s gin.

T: Ford’s gin. Very good. I’m a big fan. Cream is the next ingredient. Can I stick to my half and half in here? Or, has it got to be the full cream for this? Tell me what I should know about cream when I’m thinking about making this drink.

L: I think you should use heavy cream. I’m not quite sure of the fat content, but it does have to be a fatty cream. Something that’s more like a whipping cream.

T: You were speaking earlier about semi-whipping and temperatures. Is it easier to shake up and whip cream if it’s room temperature or pulled from the fridge?

L: It’s not as effective. You have to have it refrigerated.

T: You have to have it refrigerated. I think that’s why my Irish coffees were bad at the end of the Saturday nights. I left my cream out, and it just wasn’t whipping.

L: Eggs should be more room temperature.

T: Yes. Perfect. Next point. Eggs. Tell me about room temperature egg whites and how the New York Health Authority feels about that.

L: There’s just a certain amount of time that they can be out of the fridge before the health department says anything. As long as they’re in the refrigerator when they’re there and you take it out, just let it sit for a little bit. It’s not going to take that much longer to get it to room temperature.

T: Room temperature eggs are easier to whip up,

L: Room temperature is relative. If you’re in a tropical setting, room temperature may happen in five seconds. You really want to consider where you are. The egg is ready to whip at about 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

T: Here’s something that I have to contribute. I’m not the expert here, but from my time working in kitchens in London, we made macarons.

L: Oh, yum.

T: Whipped egg white was essential. We did not follow the health and safety guidelines of the local government. If we knew that we were making a big batch of macarons the next day, a very good pastry chef taught me a trick, which was leaving it at room temperature overnight, covered with cling film, but with holes studded in so it could breathe. Some of the water content of the eggs evaporates. It’s gone. Egg whites are around 70 percent water. If you’re doing this at home and you’re not trying to run an establishment that has a liquor license, maybe you can leave your egg whites for your Ramos out overnight. Is that something you’ve done before or tried?

L: No. I think I’m going to try that today. I think it’s common knowledge that you don’t necessarily have to refrigerate your eggs. There’s a certain point where they do start to deteriorate. Does everybody know how to check if an egg is still good or if it’s bad?

T: No.

L: Let it float in water. If it floats, it’s bad. If it stays at the bottom of the glass or bowl, it’s still OK.

T: After that, there’s simple syrup. You were talking about Old Tom gin earlier. Do you think they probably used simple syrup in the original, or would they have needed to? Why are we bringing simple syrup into the equation?

L: In the original, no. They didn’t use actual sugar. It was more like baker’s sugar or powdered sugar. Maybe that lent itself to integrating the ingredients a little bit better back then. Simple’s a shortcut.

T: We’re using that now. Is that strictly necessary? The full-fat cream?

L: I don’t think you need to, actually. If you used sugar cubes, that would help aggravate the ingredients so you get more air bubble introduction.

T: When you’re shaking, you’re just chucking a cube in there?

L: Or two.

T: This reminds me of a conversation I was having with Eric Alperin for the first episode of “Cocktail College.” He was talking about how they have a very specific spec for the sugar cubes that they use for the Old Fashioned. I know that you and Eric came up in the same family, as it were. Is this technique that we’re talking about today linked to that? Is that a Sasha kind of development?

L: I can’t speak to that being a Sasha development. I do believe that sugar was used in cube form for a long time. Like I said, simple syrup is a shortcut. Using a sugar cube, while it introduces sweetness, also has a bitterness that comes from sugar as well. That helps make the drink less sweet, even though you have the sugar cube. If you’re using simple syrup, it changes the whole dynamic of the drink.

T: So, are you saying simple syrup is almost perceivably sweeter than using a sugar cube?

L: Absolutely.

T: Really?

L: Yeah. Adding water just makes the sweetness more available to your palate. You detect the sweetness sooner on your palate.

T: On the other hand, using a cube, we’re adding complexity, which is bitterness.

L: Not necessarily adding. Yes, complexity is a good thing, but not adding pure sweetness.

T: No. But, we’re also aiding in the shaking process, which we’ve established is kind of hard.

L: Yes. In an Old Fashioned, there’s a little bitterness. But, I’m thinking if you’re adding a sugar cube versus simple syrup, then you’re helping the aggravation process.

T: Yes. Anything that you can do to do that, just do it. Go with it.

L: Yeah.

T: So we have gin, cream, egg, and simple syrup. We’ve spoken about the importance of citrus and why we’re using the two different types. Let’s get into a little bit of the science for a second and talk about fresh citrus. How fresh is fresh? What’s the best?

L: I would think that fresh means then.

T: Straight away.

L: Yes. Some would argue that the level of acidity for lime juice goes down, and eight to 10 hours is the peak time to use lime. It just needs a little time to cool off, metaphorically.

T: Blow off some steam, like my dogs. It needs five minutes in the morning to run around the house a little bit, and then we’re good.

L: Just oxidize. There’s a flavor change, but lime juice has an amazing ability to last for a long time, even days. Lemon juice, however, because of the oily characteristic that it has — if you’re juicing it with the skin on, then it has that nice oil to it — that will help it disintegrate a little bit faster.

T: Citrus is done. Out of the way. Now, orange blossom. We’ve spoken about that, but it absolutely has to be in there. Would you exercise some caution when you’re using it? Because it can be pretty full on.

L: A little goes a long way, for sure. You really want it to just be a note. You don’t want it to be the hero.

T: That’s in there with the original ingredients, right?

L: I would personally add it after, either as a spritz or just a little dropper.

T: Atomizer. Awesome. Final ingredient. Sparkling water, soda water, seltzer, or whatever you want to call it. Do you have a preference on that, or is it basically bubbles and it’s good? There’s a guy out there, Martin Riese, who is the water guy. He’s a water somm. Fair play to this guy. He’s made it his life’s work. He believes that different waters taste differently and also can impact all the other things that you’re eating and drinking at the same time. Do you go that deep when it comes to water?

L: I subscribe to all of that because I grew up in Nebraska and the water tasted like sand.

T: The water tasted like sand in Nebraska?

L: Yeah. These are sand-based locations and that filtration of the water has to only travel around 100 feet to be potable. In Colorado, where I also grew up, it only had to travel 50 feet. It depends on the terrain that it’s moving through. It’s kind of disturbing because 100 feet is not that far. If you were in New York City and you walked 100 feet, you’d drink the water going down the street. But yes, I definitely agree that the minerality affects how it tastes. You’ve got an ACL, which is a salt and magnesium chloride, which is less salty tasting. If you’re using it for a cocktail, at the end of the day, with all those ingredients in your Ramos Gin Fizz, is it going to affect the aftertaste that you’re experiencing? Or, are you just going to taste the cream because of the velvety notes? Or, are you going to taste the citrus?

T: So, you’re not checking TDS levels before you’re making your drink?

L: I’m using whatever’s available, OK? If I have to use a soda gun, I will, just for the sake of being able to get this drink out to the guest. I’d say a mix of nitrogen and carbon dioxide would be an ideal blend, though. The size of the bubbles change. If you have smaller bubbles, then maybe you’re going to help get that foam or the aeration a little bit finer.

T: Now we’re talking about one of the world’s finest drinks, and that’s Guinness, with the nitrogen.

L: Well, there you go. That’s your foam.

T: It’s all related to the Ramos. I mentioned TDS, and I think I should just qualify that by saying that’s total dissolved solids. That’s all the things that you’re talking about there, like magnesium and sodium. We’ve basically gone through everything. Let’s envision that we are sitting at your wonderful bar. I’ve just finished sitting in the barber chairs in the back. I’ve actually done that. I’ve got a selfie there. It’s amazing. I love your bar, so I just wanted to shout out some of those things. Let’s say I’ve ordered your Ramos Gin Fizz. Talk me through the process. What are you doing for however long it takes you to make it?

Lucinda Sterling’s Ramos Gin Fizz Recipe

L: I’m going to drop my egg white into a tin. I’m going to take another tin and ice it, so I can shake my cream. I’m going to shake my cream and egg white at the same time. I’ll shake my egg white a little longer than the cream. I’m going to combine the two. Then, I’m going to add the citrus and the simple after the dry shake. I’ll add the gin last. I’ll add ice after adding the gin and then shake it for about three minutes or as long as I can stand. The shaker just needs to be really cold. I’ve already done the dry shake on the cream and egg white. Once that’s done, I strain it into a glass that doesn’t have any ice. Maybe I’ll pop it in the fridge, but the kind of ice I’m going to use is pellet ice. I’m not going to use a cube, a cold draft, or something like that.

T: So, what’s pellet ice? Why are you using that?

L: If you’ve ever been to 7-Eleven, it’s that ice that comes with the slurpee. Then, you’re getting a little bit more surface area. You’re getting your dilution faster. Also, you’re getting that aggravation process down. It’s not more than a handful of pellets, maybe a golf ball size.

T: So, you’re using that for a chill and dilution? By the end of making the drink, then all of it will have dissolved. You’re almost calculating that ahead of time.

L: You want to wait until it is completely integrated.

T: You’re talking about a small handful of pellet ice. That’s perfect. That’s a great explanation. What’s next?

L: I pour it into a fizz glass. That’s the equivalent of a Coke glass. It’s a little, tiny glass. That way, you’re not adding too much water. You don’t want it to be watered down. Since you’re not using ice, you don’t need extra space. A fizz glass is, I believe, the proper terminology.

T: That’s not a highball.

L: It can be a highball. Highball comes in various sizes. I think the traditional highball is about 12 ounces, but you can get a six or an eight.

T: I’ve had one of your Ramos Gin Fizzes, and you served it to me in a smaller glass. I thought, “You’re a genius.” Then there’s not that danger of adding too much water.

L: I agree with you.

T: I think that’s the way to go. Can you describe that glass so that people who are not us can know what that glass looks like?

L: It’s cylindrical in shape. It’s still called a highball.

T: But, it’s like two thirds of the normal height of a highball?

L: I would buy something that’s between six and eight ounces. It depends on how much volume you expect to put into the drink. At Little Branch, I believe our specs were half lime, half lemon. We either used sugar cubes or 1 ounce of simple syrup. I’m going to say 1 ounce. I think some people might disagree with me, but that’s where I sit. And I don’t use Old Tom Gin. I use Fords or Beefeater. The egg white has to be a medium size because if you get too much egg white in there, then it just takes up most of the drink. Like you said, it has a certain smell to it. Medium is a really good size. Then, there’s 2 straight ounces of gin.

T: And how much cream?

L: An ounce of cream.

T: Perfect. I think the only thing that we didn’t learn from you there is how much orange blossom you’re using.

L: If you’re using a dropper, then it’s a small drop, not even the full dropper. Some people use an atomizer. I think that’s a really good idea. You use one to two sprays. I would just use a drop straight out of the bottle.

T: Perfect. Aromas.

L: It’s just about the nose.

Final Thoughts On the Ramos Gin Fizz

T: The nose knows. So, any final thoughts on the Ramos Gin Fizz?

L: If you want to enjoy your Ramos Gin Fizz, I recommend going straight in from the glass, getting that milk mustache, and imbibing it with that beautiful aroma of the orange blossom. All those sensory faculties will kick in at once. If you use a straw, it kind of takes away from that. I always taught my bartenders to, when they first create a drink, drink it the way it’s supposed to be consumed.

T: Yeah. Having a sip doesn’t equate to a full glass.

L: Doing a straw taste takes away from the experience completely.

T: That’s a really great point, though. It relates to your glass ingenuity. I think making a smaller version of this drink is better because then you drink it faster. It’s low-ABV. We’re talking 2 ounces of gin and a lot of other stuff going in there. Drink it fast, and then order a second.

L: Order a second, for sure, but order it right away. With those ingredients that we’re talking about, like egg white, they’re very fragile. You’re going to get that separation.

T: This is semi-emulsified, not fully. You want to enjoy that while it’s happening.

L: Yes, absolutely. Emulsification is the most important part for that drink.

Getting To Know Lucinda Sterling

T: It’s been great getting to know you over the Ramos, Lucinda. I want to ask some other questions not related to the drink that are going to help us get to know you more, but also provide some advice for home bartending geeks or younger bartenders out there starting their journey. These are the quick-fire questions that we traditionally end the show with. I’m going to start with question No. 1. What is the first bottle, whether you want a brand or general style, that makes it onto any of your back bar programs?

L: If it’s not gin, it’s bourbon. It’s been that way for a long time. I’d like to give a special shout-out to Elijah Craig because we’ve been using them at our bars since 2005, and they’ve pretty much stayed at the same level of quality. Their profile hasn’t changed. It works in all of our bourbon drinks.

T: It’s a really wonderful bourbon. I love it a lot.

L: I hope they never run out.

T: Second question. Which ingredient or two is the most undervalued in a bartender’s arsenal?

L: The jigger. There are so many different styles and jiggers out there. This is really important. If you use a Japanese jigger, you have to fill it all the way up so you get the meniscus, Meniscus can go either way. It can be negative or it can be over the top. I think you’re going to get a lot of waste, though. As a bartender and a bar owner, I don’t like that. I want to be pretty exact. I like my graduated jiggers. Of course, you have to find one that is actually on point. I buy graduated cylinders and measure out each of the jiggers to make sure that they’re on point. That way, we never have to worry about over or under-pouring. Sasha said this: “You’re never really going to ruin a drink if you add too much alcohol, but if you add too much sugar or citrus, you might have an imbalanced cocktail.” Obviously, Old Fashioneds can never have too much bourbon, but if you have too much sugar or lime in your Daiquiri, it’ll throw it off, and you’ll be able to taste that.

T: That’s a very nice, natural walkway into our next question here. The third question on our list is what’s the most important piece of advice you’ve received in the industry?

L: No wasted steps.

T: What does that look like?

L: That means being very efficient at what you’re doing because you want to execute as much as you possibly can with as little effort and time as possible. You have a roomful of people that are clamoring for drinks. You want to walk home at the end of the day with $10,000. What are you going to do? You’re going to learn your steps of service. You’re going to learn how to build your rounds. You’re going to learn how to be efficient, whatever that takes. Figure out your mise en places. Figure out how to serve your guests as fast as possible and as well as possible. Communicate with your team all the time. Don’t be afraid to ask for help.

T: Wonderful advice. Question No. 4. If you could only visit one last bar in your life, what would it be?

L: I would visit the Rainbow Room.

T: Nice. Talk to us about that choice.

L: I would have loved to be learning from one of the best, an icon. Just watching him and his team work, I’m sure, was just magical. On top of that, being able to see a panoramic view of New York City, you can’t beat that.

T: I heard you speaking on a panel recently, about Sasha’s legacy. I am someone who never got to go to the original Milk & Honey. The way that people always describe stepping into that seems magical. Part of me feels like it’s kind of cool that I have it as this mythical thing that I never did experience. Sometimes meeting your heroes will crush your dreams. Rainbow Room would be right up there, like you said, just being in that period of time and seeing what was happening.

L: You mentioned Milk & Honey. When I walked in for the first time, it wasn’t necessarily the candlelight or the demure bar setting. The person that I first saw when I walked into Milk & Honey was Sasha. He’s the one that changed my vision of what a gentleman should be. He was dressed in his trousers that were too baggy, a nice button up shirt, and his suspenders. That made me realize that there’s a completely different side to society than I was familiar with. I grew up, like I said, in Nebraska and Colorado. This, to me, was like the consummate gentleman. I think that’s the reason Milk & Honey was just so much of a draw. Of course, the cocktails were great, but the first time I walked in there, I ordered a dirty vodka Martini. Come on.

T: Amazing.

L: I think what I’d like to make known is that I would love to visit bars that don’t have that same appeal that we’re used to. The only reason I would say I would ever go to my own is because I do my best to emulate what Sasha started. Because Seaborne is one of his last ventures, that made me really strive to keep his legacy alive. So, I guess if I’m going to have a last drink, that’s going to be where it is.

T: You’re doing a wonderful job of continuing with that.

L: Thanks.

T: Final question for you, which is kind of apt, too. If you knew that the next cocktail you drank was going to be your last, what would you order?

L: I would order a Negroni. The reason behind that is because the first time I ever tasted a Negroni, I hated it. It was too bitter. I thought, “This is so repulsive, I can’t even stand it.” Since then, my palate has matured and developed over time as a bartender. My aim to create drinks is to take ingredients that I don’t like and make them work well together and find a balance. So, now that I’ve achieved that, I enjoy the Negroni more. I have an appreciation for that.

T: I think Campari is like training wheels for the palate. It’s bitterness that we’re talking about there and I’m with you. The first time someone gave me a sip of their Negroni, I said, “There’s no way you like this drink. You’re just drinking this to be pretentious. How are you enjoying this cocktail?” I love a Negroni now.

L: I love all things Italian, too.

T: Lucinda, it’s been so fun chatting with you. I’ve loved this conversation about the Ramos Gin Fizz. I’m going to go out there right now and order one.

L: Let’s go. Cheers.

If you enjoy listening to the show anywhere near as much as we enjoy making it, go ahead and hit subscribe, and please leave a rating or review wherever you get your podcasts — whether that’s Apple, Spotify, or Stitcher. And please tell your friends.

Now, for the credits. “Cocktail College” is recorded and produced in New York City by myself and Keith Beavers, VinePair’s tastings director and all-around podcast guru. Of course, I want to give a huge shout-out to everyone on the VinePair team. Too many awesome people to mention. They know who they are. I want to give some credit here to Danielle Grinberg, art director at VinePair, for designing the awesome show logo. And listen to that music. That’s a Darbi Cicci original. Finally, thank you, listener, for making it this far and for giving this whole thing a purpose. Until next time.

Ed. note: This episode has been edited for length and clarity.

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My Packing List for England

What do you usually pack for trips? My friend Susan has a great approach: she packs in a single color scheme, so she can mix and match during her trip. Before leaving for this week with my aunt and grandmother in Cornwall (yaaaaaaaayyyyyy!), I wrote down the mostly blue pieces that can layer for unpredictable English weather. Here’s what I brought (and I’d love to hear your go-tos)…

1. For years, this babaa sweater has been the first thing I’ve put in my suitcase. It’s super soft and thin, so it works well in all types of weather. I wear it with jeans on the flight and over/under any ensemble while exploring.

2. The exact dress I’m packing is from Ganni forever ago, but any dark patterned dress is perfect for traveling. You can feel chic, pair with sneakers, wear it to dinner, spill stuff on it, whatever! It’s your workhorse. (Plaid, floral, tiered)

3. A chambray shirt that goes with everything, check.

4. Striped shirts? Groundbreaking. But this one, with its loose fit and contrasting neckline, feels special. Plus, it comes in nine cool colors.

5. Wrinkle-free pajamas for padding around and making tea in the mornings.

6. Whenever I wear this track jacket, friends, neighbors and even strangers compliment it. It’s a random/funny crowdpleaser, and I love how comfy it is.

7. Old-school jeans, with a tiny bit of stretch, that just fit really well.

8. I have an old Clare V. bag that I’m slowly wearing to death, but the new ones are gorgeous, too. How cool is this puffer?

9. Trusty sneakers to go with jeans and dresses.

10. Flats when you want to feel graceful. (Ballet, Mary Jane, leather.)

All in all, for a week in England, I packed: two jackets, two sweaters, three shirts, one dress, two pairs of jeans, flats, sneakers, pajamas, and a crossbody bag. You can mix and match everything. Plus, of course, I brought underwear and bras; and my everyday makeup and skincare. That’s it!

What do you pack for trips? I’d love to hear. Here are some Instagram photos from this week, if you’d like to see; here’s what I packed two years ago. xoxo

P.S. How to pack without wrinkles and a vacation mistake.

(Top photo of my grandmother by Belathee.)

Note: If you buy something through our links, we may earn an affiliate commission, at no cost to you. We recommend only products we genuinely like. Thank you so much.

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Knicks Morning News (2021.10.07) – KnickerBlogger.Net

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what to choose nylon or silicone – Gala Center

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Interview with a veteran of the Great Patriotic War Kopanev Alexander Nikolaevich – Krasnoflottsy

K.A.N. – I was born and raised in Odessa, in the family of a doctor. My father Nikolay Kopanev worked in the Odessa clinic of bone tuberculosis. Mom was a paramedic. In 1930 he entered a Ukrainian school – there were very few Russian schools in the city of Odessa at that time. The school was called FZS – factory seven-year plan. Then he continued his studies at the 50th secondary school. While still a schoolboy, he often went to the clinic of the medical institute, which was nearby, and watched my father perform surgical operations. I hesitated where to go to study after a decade.I wanted to enter the naval school, but my interest in medicine turned out to be stronger. In 1940, I applied to the Leningrad Naval Medical Academy – VMMA.

G.K. – I read your wonderful book “Notes of an old naval doctor”. It contains complete and unique information about the creation of the VMMA and the fate of the Academy cadets during the war. In fact, your book is a chronicle of the life of the Academy during the war. I understand that it is impossible to tell in detail about everything within the framework of an interview.And nevertheless, I ask you to give the most detailed information about the VMMA during the war years.

K.A.N. – Until 1940, doctors for the fleet were trained at the Naval Faculty at the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute – LMI.

But the country was strenuously preparing for the coming wars, and in order to train a sufficient number of qualified medical specialists for the Navy, the People’s Commissar of the Fleet Kuznetsov ordered the creation of a special commission headed by his deputy flagship of the 2nd rank Levchenko, which comprehensively studied this issue.The recommendations of Levchenko and the Military Council of the Navy were put on the table in the Council of People’s Commissars.

In the summer of 1940, the USSR Council of People’s Commissars issued a Decree on the organization of the VVMA, but this Decree was temporarily not made public.

At the beginning of the fortieth year, in many central, republican and regional newspapers, notices about the admission of young men to military educational institutions and the rules for admission to them appeared. One of the announcements was about recruiting for the 1st year of the Naval Faculty at the 1st LMI.

By the end of June 1940, about 40 were submitted to the commission for the recruitment of applicants to this faculty.000 requests for enrollment.

Credentials and medical commissions did a very “good” job and weeded out thirty thousand applications.

At the slightest flaw, the future applicant was instantly rejected.

As a result, only 8,000 applicants were admitted to the entrance exams, who received a call with instructions to arrive in Leningrad on 1/07/1940. The applicants who arrived were settled in the Grenadier barracks.

G.K. – What exams did the future doctors of the Navy take?

K.AN – The examinations began on July 1st and ended on July 28th.

Exams were held every other day, they were taken in streams, in groups.

Even holders of “gold” certificates, who did not pass exams in other educational institutions and only passed an interview at admission, were obliged to pass exams at the VMMA on an equal basis with everyone else.

We passed 13 exams, among them written – dictation, essay, mathematics, and oral – physics, chemistry, biology with zoology, general history, mathematics, history of VKPB and the Constitution of the USSR, Russian language, Russian literature, geography, foreign language …Competition – twenty people per seat. The examiners cut mercilessly at every exam. After each exam, the groups were deprived of at least half of their composition. It was especially hard for those children who finished their studies in Belarusian, Jewish or Ukrainian national schools. Even knowing the answer perfectly, they had to make a translation of the answer into Russian in their minds, and this took time.

But for the slightest delay in answering, the examiners lowered the mark with the remark – “the answer is correct, but the answer was uncertain.”It was evident that in the examinations they give a certain preference to the graduates of the Leningrad schools.

If at the exams the applicant received the third “quarter” or God forbid the only “three”, then you could safely go to the military unit and take your documents. In the combat unit, many were recommended to apply to the Kronstadt Naval Medical Assistant School, where they would be enrolled with such grades without exams, as well as to the Kirov Military Medical Academy.

Of all those who passed the exams, 340 people were selected as candidates for study.

7/30/1940, all candidates for study, haircuts for “zero”, arrived to build. We were told about the abolition of the Naval Faculty and the creation of the VMMA. The head of the Academy, 1st rank military doctor Alexei Ivanovich Ivanov, addressed us with a congratulatory speech.

After the formation we were put on a boiler ration, we changed from civilian clothes into vests and blue satin “family” pants, were given a gray canvas robe, black peakless caps without ribbons.

They gave us heavy working cowhide boots, which we immediately dubbed “g … dawami”.At the evening formation, we were introduced to the head of our course, Captain 3rd Rank Viktor Aleksandrovich Vekshin, a brilliant naval officer, a man of high culture, honest and fair. At first we were afraid of him, but Vekshin quickly won our love and respect.

31/07/1940 In a discordant column of four people in a row, in new attire of “rookies”, 340 cadet candidates left the academy for the Finlyandsky railway station, and from there left for the military camp “Fox Nose” for the course of a young soldier.We were joined by three super-conscripts, 15 naval paramedics and a civil paramedic of the GSS Alexander Sobolevsky, who was awarded the title of Hero for his participation in the famous and heroic drift of the icebreaker “Georgy Sedov” in the Arctic Ocean.

Paramedics passed the entrance exams in the fleets, and the foremen-super-conscripts – Brechko, Prikhodko and Antoshin – at their place of service in the districts.

In the camp we were engaged in drill training, studied the basics of maritime affairs (nodes, semaphore, signals, boat), studied the regulations and instructions.

All the time we were taught how to act during alarms – air, fire, water, combat. Running sports events and the delivery of the TRP standards were held. Shortly before the end of the camp gathering in Lisiy Nos, Vekshin was recalled from us to work in the combat unit of the VMMA and a new head of the course, Lieutenant Commander Bondar, was appointed in his place.

During the camp gathering, 5 people were expelled from among the candidates for cadets. Among those who dropped out was my fellow countryman Mark Kanevsky, who, in the opinion of our commanders, did not find mutual understanding with the Stroyev and Disciplinary Regulations.On 8/30/1940 we returned to Leningrad and settled on the territory of the Former Obukhov hospital, where barracks were equipped for us.

And the next day, an order was read to enroll us, 355 people, as students of the first course of the VMMA.

We were given a daily and ceremonial Red Navy uniform, wide belts with a “badge”, sleeve “silver” corners – chevrons and ribbons for peakless caps, on which was written – “Naval Medical Academy.”

13/10/1940 we took the oath of allegiance to the Motherland.

This is how our service and study began. On November 7, 1940, our VMMA course took part in the October parade on Palace Square.

G.K. – Did all the students like studying at the Academy?

K.A.N. – As in ordinary medical institutions, after the first visit to the anatomical room, specific difficulties arose.

Some doubted whether they should study medicine further.

Two of our guys, Manuilov and Grigoriev, filed a report asking for their transfer to the naval school.They were sent to Sevastopol at the VMMU. Manuilov died heroically in battle, and Grigoriev survived the war.

G.K. – How intensively was maritime science studied by future doctors?

Who taught the students the “nautical” subjects necessary for every seaman – classes and ship arrangements, tactics, Navy regulations?

KAN – We had a department of naval affairs – VMD, which was headed by Captain 1st Rank Yuryev, a brilliant personality.

Intelligent and erudite naval commander.He was an imposing man. Tall, broad-shouldered, with an intelligent open-willed face.

Coming from a noble family, a graduate of the naval cadet corps, even before the revolution, Yuryev began serving on the cruisers of the Baltic Fleet.

After the revolution he served in the Red Navy. In 1937, Yuriev taught naval geography at one of the VMMU.

On false denunciation, he was arrested, but instead of being shot, he was sent to build the Volga-Moscow canal. In 1940, Yuriev was released from the camp, reinstated in rank and returned to the naval ranks.Yuriev made a lot of efforts to make us not only qualified doctors, but also knowledgeable sailor officers who consider service in the navy to be their whole life’s work.

The fate of St. George’s was tragic. In 1949, he was arrested again for another libel, and he spent four goals in solitary confinement in the Butyrka prison. After Stalin’s death, Yuryev was released and rehabilitated again, but he died soon after.

The prison completely undermined his health.

G.K. – Did the cadets have free time?

K.A.N. – Yes. We were taken on sightseeing tours of Leningrad and the suburbs, twice we visited the Hermitage, which was especially important for nonresident cadets, who made up half of the course staff.

The rest were Muscovites and Leningraders.

We were often taken to performances in the theater. Pushkin and in the BDT them. Gorky. Those interested could attend concerts at the conservatory.

The course included strong amateur performances, excellent musicians, artists and singers.A wonderful cadet collective of versatile talented children was selected, united as a single friendly family.

Many people went in for sports intensively. The VMMA had strong teams in bandy and volleyball. For example, I was boxing.

In the winter of 1940-1941, there was the championship of the Higher School of Education, so I and my comrades from the course – Senya Botvinnik and Lenya Smirnov took first places in their weight categories.

But to be honest, the cadets had very little free time.

Study, self-training, study of military affairs, drill, training with weapons, preparation for parades, guard duty – often did not allow the cadets to carve out an hour for some “personal affairs”.

G.K. – When did you find out about the beginning of the war?

K.A.N. – On Saturday, 21/6/1941, in the afternoon, the dismissal of cadets to the city was to take place.

But the dismissal for reasons unknown to us was canceled. In the evening, after supper, the cadets were taken in formation to a lecture on the international situation.

Lectured by the regimental commissar from the Political Directorate of the Leningrad Military District.

I remember his words – “I don’t know if the war will start tomorrow or in two weeks, but there should be no doubt that war with Nazi Germany is inevitable” …

On the morning of 6/22/1941, dismissal to the city is also not took place.

How could we then know that the People’s Commissar of the Navy NG Kuznetsov yesterday, at his own peril and risk, gave the order to bring the fleet into combat readiness No. 1.

We were taken on a general academic drill walk around the city. Such walks were carried out in a planned manner. They went with a banner, accompanied by an orchestra. At the head of the column was the head of the VMMA Ivanov and the commissar of the academy Kalachev. We walked for two hours through the streets of the city, and when we returned to the academy and placed our rifles in the pyramids, we were ordered to gather again to listen to an important government message.

Standing in the ranks with my comrades, I listened to Molotov’s speech about the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on our country. None of us then could even imagine how hard and long this war would be …

By the way, now I sometimes think that if during our morning “walk” around the city, fascist bombers broke through to Leningrad, then what would happen to the personnel academy, was he bombed in the streets?

After lunch I was urgently called from the course to the checkpoint, where I saw my mother and younger sister Svetlana.They unexpectedly came by train from Odessa to visit me.

They knew nothing about the beginning of the war. After a short family council, the checkpoint decided that they should immediately return to Odessa.

I, for the first time during my service, went into unauthorized absence and went to see my relatives off to the station. We went to a photo studio on Zagorodny Prospekt, opposite the academy, and the three of us took a picture for memory.

We got tickets to the south at the station ticket offices without any problems.

Mom and sister left, and I returned to the course.

With the beginning of the war, there was a change in the direction of our course.

Our chief, Captain 3rd Rank Bondar, was recalled to the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, and instead Major Tikhon Petrovich Bazhenov was appointed, a career campaigner who had graduated from the ensign school in 1916.

Bazhenov served in the Pacific Fleet, in 1938 he was repressed, but two years later he was released from prison.

A wonderful person, he earned our deep respect.

The battalion commissar Merkushev was recalled to the fleet and our military commissar, and senior political instructor Barkan was appointed in his place.

There have been changes in the appearance of the cadets. We were obliged to be everywhere and always with a gas mask, white covers were removed from peakless caps and caps, and summer white uniforms were replaced with dark blue flannel or blue work shirts.

Curtains of dark material were hung on the windows for shading, blue bulbs were screwed in over the entrance to the checkpoint.

We increased the number of guard posts, which we entered with a set of live ammunition. VMMA switched to wartime training.In the fifth year of graduation, all classes were discontinued, and already on June 29, the students, having received diplomas and the title of a military doctor of the 3rd rank, dispersed to the fleets, according to their assignments.

G.K. – But the enrollment for the first course of the VMMA in the summer of 1941 was still made?

K.A.N. – As far as I know, they managed to submit 16,000 applications for the first year, but only 2,500 people managed to arrive in Leningrad for exams in July 1941. Of these, 250 people were selected.

This course, which later received the nickname “Stalingrad”, was commanded at the beginning of the war by Dmitriev, and Taranets was the military commissar.

In addition to the cadets, 12 masters of sports, graduates of the Lesgaft Institute and several paramedics from the fleet, who already had command ranks, were taken to the 1st year.

G.K. – When were the cadets announced about going to the front?

K.A.N. – On July 1, we were informed of an order by the Directorate of Naval Military Educational Institutions (VMUZ) of Rear Admiral Samoilov on the creation of a separate cadet brigade of VMUZ. Each educational institution subordinate to the Higher Medical School was obliged to send one fighter battalion to the formed Marine Corps Brigade under the command of Captain 1st Rank Ramishvili.

The names of the battalions spoke of their belonging to the educational institutions of the same name. KUOPP – Red Banner diving training detachment, “Dzerzhinsky” – the Higher Naval Engineering School – two battalions, “Frunze” – the Higher Naval Command School – sent several battalions and a combined detachment to the front, “Kronstadt” – the Kronstadt naval military medical assistant school, “Ordzhonikidze” – communications school, “Kalyaeva” – marine engineering and construction, VMITU, and so on.

In the VMMA, cadets of the 2nd and 3rd courses were assigned to form a battalion of three companies.The battalion was commanded by the head of the 3rd course, Colonel of the Coastal Service V.M. Rzhanov.

He was a worthy commander. Cultured, vigorous, moderately demanding of his subordinates, at whom he never raised his voice. Even before PVM, Rzhanov graduated from the naval cadet corps. At the end of August 1941, Rzhanov handed over command of the battalion to the commander of the 1st company, Captain Kalyuzhny, and he himself went to be promoted. On Nevskaya Dubrovka, Rzhanov already commanded the 4th Marine Brigade, and ended the war as a general and then lived in Leningrad.

5/07/1941, in the morning we were lined up on the parade ground of the academy. The head of the academy made an inspired speech and read out the order to create a VMMA destroyer battalion, consisting of three companies (two companies made up my second course, and one company – the third course). The equipment of the cadets began immediately. Those going to the battalion were given green raincoats, helmets, soldier’s duffel bags, gray knitted comforters with a cutout only for the eyes and covering the head and neck.

Each received 120 rounds of ammunition for a rifle, 2 RGD grenades with fuses in a canvas cover, a flask for water, NZ – a pack of “Military campaign” biscuits and a can of stewed meat.Open cargo lorries GAZ-AA and three-ton ZIS-5 approached. At the bottom of the bodies lay boxes of cartridges and grenades.

On command, we settled on boxes in cars and set off.

It was a warm sunny day. None of us had a real idea of ​​what war was … We went to the front with joy, with songs and jokes, as if to a picnic. Many imagined a war only on the basis of the films “Chapaev” and “We are from Kronstadt”, so we will come to the front and go on an attack in full height with rifles for the advantage, and the enemy will immediately tremble and run in panic, and we will be heroes celebrating victory …

But such dreams were soon crushed by the hardships and horrors of war …

K. – How do you personally think, was it justified by the situation at the front to send a brigade of the VMUZ to the front line? After all, they threw under the tracks of German tanks the golden fund of future command personnel and fleet specialists, the future elite of the country. Cadets-sailors, selflessly devoted to the Motherland, with only rifles in their hands were left to die in battle with German tanks and motorized infantry in the Kotly-Koporye region, even without any artillery support or aviation cover …

KAN – Even after reading many memoirs dedicated to the summer battles of the forty-first year on the outskirts of Leningrad, and roughly realizing what tragedy happened then at the front, I am not convinced that the sending of the Separate cadet brigade to the front line was dictated by military necessity, and the decision to send the brigade was competent in battle …

Our equipment and weapons did not leave us the slightest chance of success in battle.What could we oppose to German tanks, airplanes, artillery and motorized infantry …

Three-line rifles and only our love and devotion to the Motherland and our young lives …

But we know how the Dzerzhin cadets, the cadets of the school named after V.I. Frunze and the Kronstadt “paramedics” and “submariners” …

And how the cadets from the political school of the border troops died in the German rear – it has also now become known that at least some of the cadets survived, and left their memories after the war …

After all, initially , our brigade was tasked with protecting a section of the defense line and rear of the North-Western Front, fighting saboteurs, deserters and alarmists, and this is essentially the function of barrage detachments and border regiments.

But when the “itch”, the cadets donated without hesitation.

Only our battalion and VMITU cadets were lucky. We held the second line of defense almost all the time and suffered losses only from German aviation.

But it was just “His Majesty’s accident” that saved us.

When in early September we were preparing for a bayonet attack in the Zaostrovye region at night, and we had no illusions about what awaited us in battle, it was on this day that the VMMA battalion was removed from the front line, according to the strictest order of the Supreme Commander – to withdraw from the front line of all the cadets of the VMUZ and return to Leningrad.And those who replaced us in positions remained there forever … Already on September 4, German tanks broke into Gostilitsy, where our headquarters had stood the day before … But it was our battalion that was supposed to die there … Voroshilov, as the first marshal, decided to personally lead a marine brigade near Leningrad into the attack, but this is a real case.

The fact that the adjutants were slightly wounded in Voroshilov’s arm from the battlefield was shown even in the film “Blockade”. But who will now remember that because of his useless dashing bayonet attack, several hundred Red Navy men died “not for a pinch of tobacco” …

And about your expression – “the future elite of the country”, I do not quite agree.

Yes, the cadets were the most physically and mentally strong people, educated, fanatically devoted to Soviet power.

But the life of any village or working boy who took a rifle in his hands and stood up to defend his country is as valuable and important as the life of a cadet at a higher educational institution.

We medical cadets were, after all, military personnel and were obliged to obey any order. Even the most stupid and disastrous Obliged.

And in 1941, none of the commanders even thought about the value of human life.I went through Nevskaya Dubrovka, and I know what I am talking about now …

I remember how Molotov cocktails were handed out to us.

A special match, the size of a thick long pencil, with a large head made of sulfur and a grater, was attached to the bottle with an elastic band.

The mixture in the bottle did not ignite on its own in the air. It was necessary to light a match attached to the bottle with a grater, and when the match lights up, throw the bottle into the tank.

And when a German tank rushes at you, clanking tracks and belching death, try all this manipulation calmly … “.

I remember these “recommendations” – “… do not be afraid of tanks …. Let them come close so that they enter the dead space, since it is impossible to hit a fighter in the dead zone from a cannon and a machine gun … and then aim an anti-tank grenade under the tank track” or “… a Molotov cocktail at the stern of the tank.” But then there was a “masterpiece” – it was recommended – “to jump on the tank’s armor and close the viewing slots with a raincoat, shoot at the slots, cover them up with mud … the blind tank is already yours …” … Interestingly, those who drew up the text of these “recommendations” Have you seen a German tank at least once in your life?

It was later that life at the front taught us how to fasten two 200 gram briquettes of tola to the RGD grenades …

G.K. – What did the VMMA destroyer battalion do after arriving at the front?

K.A.N. – 5/7/1941 our convoy arrived in the village of Mishelovo.

The battalion headquarters and the company of Captain Kalyuzhny took up defensive positions in the village itself, and the remaining units were stationed in the villages of Bolshie Gorki, Malye Gorki and Gorlovo. The inhabitants of these villages have already been evacuated to the rear.

We have begun to equip firing points and a line of defense.

Our battalion had 6 heavy machine guns “Maxim”.But neither the battalions nor the brigade had at least one artillery or mortar barrel. The brigade headquarters was located in Peterhof, there was no radio communication with it, although some battalions of the brigade took up positions at a distance of 50 kilometers from the headquarters. All communications were carried out by messengers or through the civilian telephone network.

In July, we had the following tasks – to occupy combat positions in the second line, to catch saboteurs and deserters, to fight against German landing forces in the event of their landing, as well as to stop and return to the front line units leaving the front in panic.They also followed the large clearings and fields suitable for landing German aircraft.

There was one ridiculous “airplane” incident. On 9/8/1941 one of the long-range naval bombers TB-3F of the KBF Air Force from the Preobrazhensky regiment was returning after the first bombing of Berlin and Konigsberg. They took off from the Estonian island of Saarem, and returned back one by one.

One of these TB-3Fs, being hit, reached the front line and decided to immediately make an emergency landing. The detachment of our cadets under the command of Tsali Poleshchuk, seeing a huge multi-engine aircraft flying low, mistook it for a German “transport” with a landing party, fired at the plane from rifles.It’s good that at least no one was killed or the vital systems of the plane were damaged.

The pilots, having decided that the Germans were already in the area, with difficulty flew through the forest approaching the cockpit, and fortunately, found another landing site 5-7 kilometers from the shelling site, breaking the landing gear.

They reported to headquarters about shots from the forest.

“Serious comrades” from the NKVD came to deal with this incident, and only thanks to the active intervention and authority of the battalion commander Rzhanov, the cadets from Polishuk’s department escaped the court of the tribunal.

Some of our classmates with secondary medical education and the military rank of “military assistant” were sent to the people’s militia division. In the VMMA, the 2nd battalion, a reserve, two-company composition, from a junior course was soon formed, but they had only 150 rifles for 220 people, and this battalion was waiting in the Fox Nose camp when it was replenished with weapons and set a clear combat mission …

G.K. – How were the cadets fed and dressed in the first months of the war?

K.AN – During our stay in the battalion, due to the constant walking in reconnaissance, crawling on the ground, digging trenches and other “delights” of field army life, our naval uniforms quickly deteriorated and broke off.

They began to dress us in army uniforms “in parts”.

At first we were given green windings, with which we fastened to the shins the scraps of the former flared naval trousers. Soon they gave out green army caps, breeches and tunics. We have preserved black peakless caps, vests, wide naval belts with a badge and black jackets.

Near us, on collective farm fields and private gardens, an excellent harvest of vegetables was ripening, but we were forbidden to take anything from there. Everyone was warned that the violator of the ban would be shot in front of the battalion formation.

We were fed only with buckwheat porridge and pea puree soup made from briquettes. Near us, in the villages of Zaborodye and Molkunovo, there were huge pig farms, many thousands of heads of high-pedigree pigs.

But no one had the right to take at least one pig to feed the cadets, this could be regarded as looting, and for this one could easily end up in a tribunal.Only once, when several pigs were killed during the German bombing, state farm guards handed over two carcasses to the cadets. For two days we were fed meat.

They did not manage to drive all this cattle to Leningrad, all this went to the Germans. Someone’s bungling led only “to a significant improvement in the diet of the soldiers of the Wehrmacht.” But how many lives of Leningraders could have been saved if all these tens of thousands of heads of cattle and pigs had been driven away to Leningrad in a timely manner !? Regardless of the death of the Badayev warehouses.

G.K. – Did the battalion often move along the front line?

K.A.N. – Each battalion of the brigade had its own defense sector and its own area of ​​responsibility. We were transferred to Gostilitsy in August.

This is the former possession of Field Marshal Count Minich, which he received as a gift from Peter the Great.

Later, Count Razumovsky built his estate there.

In 1941 in Gostilitsy there was a solid state farm that produced agricultural products for Leningrad, a large apiary, a pond with large trout.

Next to us was an asphalted highway, the road from Narva, through Kingisepp and Gostilitsy directly to Leningrad. On either side of the road, a wide ditch and anti-tank escarpment were dug.

On the slopes of the roadside hill, we dug trenches, communication trenches for two days, equipped firing points, built dugouts. Separate cells for tank destroyers were dug right on the side of the road.

One machine-gun crew was placed on both sides.

I ended up in the first machine-gun squad, commanded by Igor Soldatov, the second squad was led by Alexei Tarasov.

Oskar Zukerstein, Vasya Kovtun, Yura Yakovlev, Vasya Belov, Fima Zakrzhevsky and Pasha Bashmakov were in my team-department.

The front was approaching Gostilitsy. The Germans began to bomb us more often.

From the sky on our heads, apart from bombs, leaflets flew – “Comrades of the cadet! Come to our side. We guarantee you money, wine and women! ”

Or such a delusional text – “Gentlemen of the cadet! Our field kitchen cooks better than yours. Come to us! ” But after a few days, the Germans “grew wiser” and the new text was more serious – “Marine cadets! Your business is hopeless! Give up! Kill commissars, communists and Jews.

This leaflet is a pass to us “…

Through us, the remnants of broken parts rolled back to the east. We somehow got thirteen horses from the cavalrymen, so the first-year cadet Platon Klimov, an experienced cavalryman who served for a year in the Cossack units before the academy, organized and headed the cavalry reconnaissance of the battalion.

G.K. – Why was the cadet brigade of the military school entered into battle separately, by battalion?

KAN – I already told you that the brigade had 50 kilometers of the second line of defense.Where the Germans broke through, cadets-sailors were immediately involved there.

G.K. – How was the withdrawal of the brigade from the front line?

K.A.N. – After the war, they told the following that when at the end of August 1941 the People’s Commissar of the Navy Kuznetsov was informed of the death of several battalions from our brigade in full force, he immediately turned to Stalin and reported with indignation that the “headless” Leningrad leadership had deprived the Navy of a reserve of command personnel. The troops immediately went to Stalin’s order, duplicated by Kuznetsov through all naval channels, on the removal from the front of all former students of the Higher Military School and on their return to study.

This decree ordered to replace cadets with Red Navy men from ships and units of the coastal defense of the fleet and divisions of the people’s militia.

And then they began to look for “scapegoats” responsible for sending cadets to the front in July 1941.

But since Zhdanov and Voroshilov were “sacred cows”, they decided to recoup Rear Admiral Samoilov, head of the Directorate of the Higher Military School.

According to some rumors, Samoilov was quickly shot, and Rear Admiral Stepanov was appointed in his place.Others write that Samoilov was simply fired from the naval ranks after the Ladoga disaster.

The commander of the combined battalion of the Kronstadt paramedic school, Colonel Dmitriev, was accused of losing the banner of the school and of unjustified losses. Dmitriev was convicted by a tribunal, and it was said that he spent ten years in solitary confinement in the Butyrka prison. In 1953, after Stalin’s death, there was talk in the fleet that “the case of Samoilov, Ramishvili, Dmitriev and others” was revised and Dmitriev was rehabilitated.

But I don’t know exactly how it all happened.

And how were the cadets taken away from the front?

Our convoy of the VMMA battalion arrived at Peterhof, and from there, according to the order of the brigade commander, the vehicles moved directly to Leningrad.

We were taken to Vasilievsky Island to the KBF submarine school.

There we handed over all our weapons, received new naval uniforms and returned to the location of the academy.

Immediately, the weapons we handed over were handed over to the Baltic sailors from the coastal defense units and the sailors removed from the ships of the fleet and directed to defend the city.

And other cadets of the VMUZ brigade were searched for and collected along the entire front line. Special representatives of the headquarters in cars drove around the front line or walked through the trenches, shouting – “Are there any cadets of Leningrad naval schools here?”

The most interesting thing is that not all cadets responded to these exclamations …

G.K. -What awaited the cadets and listeners of the VMMA in the September days of 1941?

K.A.N. – On September 8, we witnessed the fire of the Badayevsky food warehouses.The warehouses burned with ominous flames with acrid smoke for several days. Tongues of flame rose high into the sky above Zagorodny Prospekt and Mezhdunarodny Prospekt, and clouds of thick black-purple smoke were visible for tens of kilometers. Before this fire, we did not know anything about these warehouses, but we felt the results the very next day. The food ration of the cadets was sharply reduced, bread began to be given out in small portions, each individually.

09/17/1941, the personnel of the academy were lined up.We were told that our course was to go to the Finlyandsky railway station, from there we would go to Ladoga and be ferried to the mainland by water. And as soon as our column left the gates of the academy onto the avenue, three artillery explosions rang out one after another on the territory of the academy. Our cadet Sasha Yakobson was wounded. And the rest, once again, were saved by a kind guardian angel. After all, two shells fell exactly on the spot where our course stood a few minutes ago. We plunged into cars at the Finlyandsky railway station, and in the afternoon arrived at the Ladoga Lake station.They said that in the evening they would start loading onto the boats. The echelon was taken to an alternate track. We waited a long time for loading. My soul was anxious. But on September 18th our course was returned to Leningrad. And here we learned that on Ladoga the graduation course of our academy died, crossing the lake in the first echelon.

G.K. – How many VMMA graduates died on Ladoga?

K.A.N. – On the sunken barge, among 1,300 passengers, there were 181 naval doctors from the next early release of the VMMA, including 29 women.Together with them on the barge were second-year cadets of the Dzerzhinsky and Ordzhonikidze VMMU, the remnants of one of the battalions of the Frunze school. The number of rescued passengers is said to range from 150 to 220 people. I know for sure that 134 naval doctors found their own grave at the bottom of Ladoga on this tragic day.

Among those who survived were 47 doctors, our graduates.

G.K. – How long did the VMMA cadets still remain in the besieged city?

K.A.N. – On 28/11/1941, the personnel of the academy, hungry and emaciated people, crossed Ladoga on the ice of the lake, secretly from the Germans, overcoming thirty kilometers of their last strength, and later, crossing the lake, cadets and teachers made a foot march from Kobona along the rear of the Volkhov front, through Syasstroy to the Efimovskaya station.This is another three hundred kilometers …

Further, the cadets were taken by rail to Vyatka.

But it was still necessary to live to this day …

On the thirteenth of October, more than 400 “lighters” were dropped from German bombers onto the territory of the academy.

While extinguishing this fire, my friend Yura Nehamkis died.

A German signalman – a rocketman directed aviation at the academy. Our 1st year cadets Valentin Polyakov and Borya Neiman grabbed this signalman.

The famine was terrible.Borya Kitaygorodsky lost 30 kg, Yura Zharov lost 25 kg. Almost all cadets lost 15 to 20 kilograms in weight in two months. Cadet Beniaminson died in mid-November.

Frequent air raids, bombing, shelling and hunger did not give the cadets the opportunity to study. The educational process became unrealistic.

And when on 22/11/1941 the ice Road of Life began to work, it was decided to evacuate the Academy to Astrakhan. By the beginning of the evacuation, the previous decision was changed and the city of Ivanovo was chosen as the new location for the academy.

But at the request of the VMMA leadership, the top officials decided to place the VMMA in Kirov (former Vyatka), where the evacuated naval hospitals were already located.

But I found out about all this much later, since from September 21, 1941, I was no longer included in the lists of the personnel of the VMMA.

G.K. – What is the reason?

KAN – I had no information about my parents and was very worried about their fate. It was difficult to get an idea of ​​what was going on in the battles near Odessa from the scanty reports of the Information Bureau.

My relatives lived in Leningrad, directly opposite the New Holland naval crew. There was a glimmer of hope that my parents could tell my Leningrad relatives about themselves.

I could not contact them by phone, and in order to see my relatives, on September 21, after an evening check, I had to go unauthorized absence.

From my relatives, I learned that my mother and sister were evacuated from Odessa to the Chkalovsk region to the Abdulino station, and my father stayed in Odessa, as he was the chief of staff of the medical service of the city’s Ministry of Defense.

Reassured, I was returning to the course, and already a hundred meters from the academy, I did not see the army patrol in time, which detained me, since I did not have a leave of absence. I was taken to the city commandant’s office, where, after a short explanation with the commandant’s assistant on duty, I was placed in one of the cells of the guardhouse. There were already about twenty detained servicemen sitting there.

During the night spent in the cell on the bunk, I managed to get the appropriate “legal advice”.The seamen-“self-willed” from the garrison guardhouse had only two exits. The first – to the court of the military tribunal with the subsequent sending to the front, “to atone for guilt with blood,” since in wartime unauthorized absence from the unit was equated with desertion.

The second way is a voluntary dispatch to the Marine Corps Brigade to the front. There was no third way … As a rule, the sailors asked to be sent to the brigades of the MP. Early in the morning, more than a hundred servicemen who had been detained by the commandant’s patrols over the past night were taken to the courtyard of the commandant’s office.

Twenty people were taken aside. All sailors. Guarded by the Chief Chief and three Red Navy men with rifles, we were loaded into a large truck with a canvas top. We set off. It took about five hours on the road.

Nobody knew where they were taking us, except for the escorts.

In the afternoon of September 22, 1941, we arrived at the village of Nevskaya Dubrovka, located on the right northern bank of the Neva River.

The headquarters of the Nevsky Operational Group (NOG), rear services, reserves, engineering, medical, anti-aircraft and sapper units of the units conducting combat operations on the “Nevsky Pyatachka” were located here.

G.K. – How did the “Nevsky Piglet” look like?

K.A.N. – “Piglet” was captured on 19/9/1941, when a landing was landed against the village of Nevskaya Dubrovka, on the left southern bank of the Neva, near the village of peat bogs Moskovskaya Dubrovka, as part of the 4th Marine Brigade and the 115th Infantry Division. The landing force captured a small bridgehead from 3 to 5 kilometers along the front, resting on the left flank against the village of Maryino and the building of the 8th hydroelectric power station, and with the right flank approached the area of ​​the village of Arbuzovo and the bend of the Neva River at the Ivanovskie rapids.The depth of the “patch” was about 1800 to 2.500 meters.

Almost in the center of the “patch”, closer to the Neva, in the foundations of broken houses and in the fortified cellars and foundations of destroyed brick ovens, the headquarters of the units were located. The front edge of the bridgehead ended at the embankment of a narrow-gauge railway, along which peat was transported in peacetime to the 8th hydroelectric power station and to Shlisselburg. Over this cursed mound there were constant daily battles of local importance, since it was the only elevated and relatively dry place.

On the rest of the bridgehead, the construction of trenches and firing points was hampered by the fact that when deepening into the ground by a meter, muddy stinking water immediately appeared and flooded the trenches. To the right of the railway embankment were the remains of the Figurnaya grove, burnt and plowed by shells.

The bridgehead was continuously bombed, round the clock fired from all types and calibers of artillery. And when they say that every day on the bridgehead, at least a thousand fighters died and were out of action, and that after the war, from every square meter of land taken from the depth to the bayonet of a shovel, five kilograms of metal, bullets and shrapnel were sown on the Nevsky Piglet – this is true … From the rifle division or from the brigade of the MP for ten days of fighting, 100-150 people remained on the “patch”.”The conveyor of death” …

And I had to fight there for more than two months …

G.K. – Which unit on the “patch” did you end up in?

K.A.N. – When our group of 18 people was brought to the headquarters of the NOG, we were received by a young captain of the coastal service, who introduced himself as PNSh of the 4th Brigade.

I personally talked with each newcomer. We were fed.

At nightfall, this captain with his orderly led us to the crossing. It was explained to us that smoking, speaking loudly, lighting a fire, and so on are forbidden on the shore and during the crossing.

Fast and quiet in four boats we crossed the Neva.

We crossed without weapons, they said that we would get rifles in our companies.

I was crossing in the same boat with the captain, who ordered me to stay with him. The sapper captain Mikhail Fedorovich Ivanov commanded the crossing, about whom there were legends on the bridgehead afterwards. Ivanov was the symbol of the “patch”

and showed miracles of heroism with his sappers, ensuring uninterrupted passage on boats and rafts under constant German fire.All the wounded from the bridgehead were evacuated to our rear at any time of the day and in any conditions.

I met Ivanov after the war.

In the night here, on the left bank of the river we were met by three Red Navy men from the brigade, and according to the instructions of the captain – PNSh, they began to separate the new arrivals into divisions. The captain told me to follow him.

Somewhere by crawling, sometimes by dashes, and sometimes by freshly dug communication passages, we got to the ruins of a stone house, under the foundation of which the brigade headquarters was equipped in a former cellar.

A room of about 7 * 4 meters and less than two meters high was partitioned off into several cells. The ceiling was supported by several wooden posts. Rotten swamp water squelched underfoot.

At the headquarters was the chief of staff and commissar of the brigade, several commanders, telephone operators and liaisons. The captain – PNSH said to the chief of staff – “He brought the cadet, a good guy. He will take the place of the reconnaissance platoon commander, the former commander was killed yesterday. ” The chief of staff agreed with him.

At that time the brigade commander, Colonel Rzhanov, appeared, whom I recognized at once. He was informed about the replenishment and about me.

The colonel asked what course I was in the VMMA, how I got into the brigade and whether I was in his cadet battalion. I told everything briefly and honestly.

Rzhanov agreed with my appointment, shook my hand and wished me success in the service. So I became the acting commander of the 1st platoon of a separate reconnaissance company of the MP brigade. The messenger took me to the “dugout” of the reconnaissance company commander.Having familiarized himself with my scanty biography, the company commander, senior lieutenant, advised me to “quickly get used to the platoon,” learn from the experience of the “old men” and prepare for the assignment.

The company foreman gave me a duffel bag, a bowler hat, a flask, a PPD submachine gun with two full disks, a pistol with four clips, two RGD grenades and two F-1 bauble grenades and a Finnish knife in a leather case.

When I secured all this “economy” on myself, loaded the machine with a disk and threw it over my shoulder behind my back, I immediately acquired the appearance of a regular warrior.

There were 19 people in my platoon. Thirteen sailors from coastal defense units and six from various ships.

After the second reconnaissance, I became my own man in the platoon and company.

They treated me well and at the brigade headquarters, which contributed to a “dizzying career”. When the commander of our reconnaissance company was killed by a shell fragment on October 6, I was ordered to take over the duties of the commander of the reconnaissance company.

That day the foreman made me a present – a pair of boots, instead of my broken shoes.But there were no long-livers on the Nevsky patch. Within three months of being on the beachhead, everyone was killed or wounded. I was no exception.

In December, during an attempt to expand the bridgehead, covering our flank with a forced retreat with machine gun fire, I was wounded by mine shrapnel.

All riddled.

These fragments were gradually removed from my body until 1954.

The guys pulled me out of the battlefield. I spent two days in a cave under a cliff, at the edge of the Neva. Our medical battalion was located there.

Then they took me to “our” shore.

We were transported by car through Ladoga, then for four days they were transported in freight cars to Vyatka, and the new year, 1942, I already met in the Navy hospital in Kirov. While they were being transported to the rear in a train, they were not drowned in the carriages, and the cold was terrible.

I have also “vouchsafed” to freeze my wounded legs.

G.K. – Your first scouting out?

K.A.N. – The task was set, three groups from the company at night secretly cross the front line, go to the Germans in the rear, disguise themselves and sit out the day.

The next night, when our forces begin reconnaissance in force, to detect German firing points from the rear, determine, if possible, the number of barrels and caliber, the organization of the fire system and the supply of ammunition. All this had to be mapped. Two days were given to prepare the operation.

Fighters from the platoon made a special “hoodie” for me from a thick camouflage net, reminiscent of a raincoat-tent. The mission went to three groups, each of five people – a sapper and four scouts.

This reconnaissance was successful.

I remember how I reported on the fulfillment of the assignment to the commander of the artillery of the leg, Colonel Makarov. After a while, we were again sent to the rear of the enemy with a similar task. In the minefield, a strip 200 meters long was made to the neutral strip. Seven people were crawling, a sapper was in front.

Already when we were returning from behind the front line at dawn, we came under chaotic German bombardment and at the same time under mortar fire “in a square” … Everything is like in a poem – “It seems to me that I am a magnet, that I attract mines.The gap, and the lieutenant wheezes, and death passes by again “… You lie on the trembling ground, all around the rumble and breaks, large and small, right and left, front and back, and it seems that the next gap, here it is, is yours.

And at this time the mines began to detonate. The whistle of debris and clumps of earth hitting the body. How long this hell lasted I do not know. But then there was a ringing silence. The head is heavy, the whole body is like cotton wool, stunned, I can’t hear anything.

There are two wounded in the group, but they can move.They were bandaged. We lay down at a thorn. The sapper secured the passage for the entire group. We were not noticed.

After fifty meters we were met by a cover group.

With short dashes we approached our first trench, fell into it, sighed with relief. Houses. I looked at my duffel bag, and there were a dozen shrapnel “holes” in it. And I’m a whole … Lucky …

G.K. – Was the reconnaissance company used as an ordinary rifle unit?

K.A.N. – Constantly … And our bayonet attacks I dreamed for a long time after the war.

G.K. – Tell us about your first bayonet attack. What were you experiencing in those minutes?

K.A.N. – The first bayonet attack … They were preparing carefully for it, the assault on the German front line was planned at dawn. But we had one hour directly to prepare for the battle. The German positions in the attack area were eighty meters from us. It was necessary to quietly crawl close to the first German trench about sixty meters along the neutral zone, and twenty meters from the trench, under the cover of throwing hand grenades, rush into a bayonet attack, destroy or knock the Germans out of their trenches and gain a foothold.

I remember preparing for this attack. He shook out all unnecessary things from the duffel bag, did not have time to change clothes, put it on the bottom. I put the spare socks and a towel into the pot along with a spoon and a flask of water. I adjusted the straps so that the bag did not dangle or interfere, put a cardboard box with 60 cartridges in it. He girded the pea jacket with a wide naval belt, on the left he fastened a canvas cover with two RGD grenades, on the right – a Finnish knife in a case, checked the fuses for the grenades. I put three clips of cartridges in the outer right pocket of the pea jacket, pushed individual dressing bags into the pockets of my trousers, drove the cartridge into the chamber and put the bolt on the safety catch.

Checked the bayonet attachment. I did all the “required” operations, made sure that nothing was forgotten and nothing was ringing.

He squatted down, rolled a cigarette and lit a cigarette in his sleeve.

Next to me, my fellow sailors were preparing for an attack. I smoked nervously, inhaling deeply. Hands trembled slightly, the body was tense, and it seemed that it was trembling with a small tremor – the usual front-line “jitters”, nervousness, struggle with fear. I didn’t want to talk, my head was “crowded with a swarm of thoughts” interrupting each other.I thought about God, asked him for help …

I thought about possible death or injury.

I also thought about the most terrible fate for myself – about the possible captivity.

But from captivity and bullying the sailors had a rescuer with an affectionate female name “Fenechka”, an F-1 grenade. She at least got rid of captivity and allowed several enemies to be taken with her to the next world.

I checked the “bauble”, put it on its own – in the left pocket of the pea jacket.

But I did not leave completely to recover before the fight, the command was distributed – “Forward!”.All thoughts suddenly disappeared and the sailors, as if reluctantly, began to slowly and quietly crawl out of the trenches. We crossed the parapet and crawled towards the Germans. It was still dark enough. They crawled, it seemed, forever. Grassroots fog hid the crawling, the intermittent breathing of the mass of people created the illusion that the earth was breathing. A single thought drilled into my brain – as if not noticed prematurely. When the Germans were about twenty meters away, I took out a peakless cap from the bosom of my pea jacket, put it on my head, removed the bolt from the safety catch, took out the RGD, and once again made sure that the grenade had a “shirt”.

I put in the fuse and got ready to throw. At that moment, in front, ten meters from me, the figure of the company commander rose from the ground.

His hoarse lonely “Hurray!”, Which sounded in the foggy predawn silence, was picked up by the polyphonic sailor “Polundra !!!!!”, and strong words from the “boatswain’s jargon”. To the right and to the left of me, the figures of the sailors were rising, but some kind of force pressed me to the ground, prevented me from doing the same.

And fearing that I would be mistaken for a coward, and cowardice among the sailors never said goodbye, he mobilized all his willpower and barely got off the ground.Bending to the waist, he took a few hesitant steps. A thought burned – a cocked grenade in his hand. He threw it with a wide throw, straightened up, took a deep breath – “Hurray! Mother, change it! ”, And forward … Hatred overcame fear.

Our shouts of “hurray” and “half-earth” merged into a continuous roar, the Germans opened fire on us, but it was too late, hand-to-hand combat began. Shouts, noise, shots, machine gun fire, grenade explosions – everything got mixed up. All thoughts vanished, the louder I shouted and the faster I ran, the faster I merged with the mass of advancing sailors, who turned into an ever crushing roaring beast that filled the German trenches.Everything flashed before my eyes as if in a kaleidoscope, as if I fell into a rumbling abyss. Everything is as in delirium, as in a drunken stupor.

And in the midst of this bloody fog I see, as it were, the surprised face of a German soldier who fell to the ground after my shot “offhand” …

And then … A German ran out at me. I hit him right in the chest with a bayonet. The German is young. He did not want to die, surprise, fear, fear of death was frozen in his bright eyes. He fell slowly, sliding off my bayonet …

And each time, reliving the past in a dream, I woke up in a cold sweat, and returned to the thought – in any battle, such a German could also kill me.

But I didn’t want to die …

On my right, two sailors jumped into the German trench, we moved further along the trench together, and after a dozen meters we came across a dugout. I jerked open the door, and one of the sailors threw an anti-tank grenade inside. He slammed the door and we fell to the bottom of the trench. The explosion blew up the dugout. We, flushed and carried away by the battle, went on, the trenches began to fill with sailors.

The tension of the battle began to subside. But the inner tension did not subside, I felt a small tremor, my head was “on fire.”He took off his peakless cap and leaned against the wall of the trench. I tried to roll the cigarette, but my hands did not obey me. He asked to smoke “forty” from a sailor sitting at the bottom of the trench. It seems to have calmed down. He looked at himself, his jacket was torn in places and stained with blood.

On my hands, on my rifle and on my bayonet, there is drying blood everywhere.

I felt myself, and, not feeling pain, I realized – the blood is not mine.

I still remember the great joy that gripped me at that moment … The command came to gain a foothold. They began to settle in the captured trenches, united them into a single line.The wounded were sent to the rear, gathered their dead. Later, behind us, two mass graves were dug – for ours, and separately – for the Germans. They collected the weapons lying on the ground, cleared the trenches from debris, equipped new firing points. The next night, a trench was dug from the old line of defense towards us, the sappers planted two rows of mines in front of us.

Two more companies of sailors, a platoon of machine-gunners and a battery of “forty-five” were transferred to the captured area. Thus ended my first bayonet attack.

An ordinary day of war, battle of “local importance”.

G.K. – Your last battle on the Nevsky bridgehead?

KAN – There was a sign on the “patch”. As soon as a massive replenishment arrives at the bridgehead, it means tomorrow, and we, the scouts, will be thrown into the attack in the infantry chain. This has already happened many times. I remember how two regiments formed from Leningrad communists were sent to us – the 1st and 2nd Proletarian regiments. Three days later, 10% of the “communists” remained in the ranks…

And how did my last battle develop …

We set the task for the brigade to break through four lines of the German defense, go to the area of ​​the former workers’ settlement No. 1 and keep the flanks.

And army units were to move forward through us.

There were 72 people in the reconnaissance company, together with me and the political instructor. Before the attack, we were given four machine-gun crews with “maxims” for reinforcement.

During the first day of the battle, at the cost of incredible efforts and heavy losses, we captured the first two lines of German trenches.And then, the Germans, as if recovered from shock. They began to bomb us mercilessly, and this terrible bombardment continued for several hours without interruption. In the sky, one German squadron followed another. On the “patch” were small-caliber anti-aircraft guns MZA-37 and large-caliber machine guns. They set up a barrage of fire, but it didn’t make us feel better. The bombing was joined by a terrible artillery and mortar shelling, from which the earth stood on end. Everything around was on fire and smoke. It became clear that our offensive was drowned in blood …

At noon we were allowed to withdraw to our starting positions.

We carried our wounded comrades with us, and, whenever possible, took the bodies of those killed. The machine gunners covered us with fire.

Two crews died immediately from direct hits from mines.

And soon another machine gun also fell silent. Together with the messenger and the orderly, they crawled to this “maxim”. I pushed aside the bodies of the killed crew numbers and opened fire in short bursts in the direction of the Germans. The orderly lay to my right, and the messenger to my left, hiding behind the corpses of the dead sailors.

And then, three meters in front of the machine gun, I saw a bright flash.

Something small drummed on the machine-gun shield, helmet, hands and face.

I did not feel pain. Mechanically, he ran his hand over his face and saw blood on his hand. The thought flashed that since there is no pain, I can see, hear, move – it means that I am still alive. And then, to my left, another mine exploded.

At that moment, I felt that I was struck by a red-hot metal bar on my legs. A great pain shot through me, I almost fainted. The orderly was still alive. He crawled up to me and “calmed me down”, said that my legs were in place, they were not torn off.He bandaged my legs.

We remained in neutral. Night has come. The fire from the side of the Germans began to subside, but flares were “hanging” in the air all the time.

We swore to each other with a comrade that if the Germans tried to take us prisoner, we would blow ourselves up with grenades & llip;

From the side of our front edge a girl-sanitary instructor crawled towards us. She spread a raincoat-tent, rolled me onto it, and, together with the orderly, dragged me to hers. The field across which I was being dragged seemed to me like a road to hell.When my feet hit a pothole or a bump, there was pain piercing me from the back of my head to my heels, and sparks fell from my eyes.

When there were about twenty meters to our front trench, ropes were thrown to us. The rope was tied to a raincoat, and the sailors from the trench quickly pulled me inside. Further, four sailors carried me to the high left bank of the Neva. From the water’s edge there was a sandy shore ten meters wide, above which a five-meter slope rose. In this coastal slope, caves were dug, two of which were occupied by a medical battalion.Here they gave me pain-relieving injections and gave me the “first medicine” – a soldier’s mug with alcohol, half-diluted glucose solution and rosehip extract. After this “medicine” I slept until the next evening. And then the company’s political instructor and four more scouts came to visit me. I was very glad to see them, but they brought sad news. Of the 72 scouts of the company, 26 people remained in the ranks.

And in the brigade itself, in battalions, less than a third of the personnel survived after a day of unsuccessful offensive.The chief of staff also came to see me.

For this battle I was introduced to the Order of the Red Star, but it was awarded to me only in 1945.

And in April 1942 the Germans liquidated the “Nevsky Pyatachok” and all the defenders of the bridgehead were killed …

G.K. – We will definitely continue our conversation about the life of the VMMA during the war years. But on your course alone, for various reasons and due to various circumstances, more than fifty people went to the front as ordinary soldiers.

Someone himself “fled to the front line”, someone was expelled from the academy and went to the front.You said that you have information about the fate of almost all the cadets of the course. How was the fate of those who went to war without completing their studies at the VMMA?

K.A.N. – In the second half of September, immediately after the cadets returned to Leningrad after an unsuccessful attempt to cross Ladoga, a group of cadets from our course was sent to the combat units of the Leningrad Front.

This group included Krupin, Kozlov, Lavrinaitis, Ananiev, Batkhin, Barsky, Trushkin, Broitman, Maslennikov, Mandratsky, Khoronzhitsky, Matveev, Fedorov.They all ended up in the 6th Separate Marine Brigade.

Mandratsky and Kozlov were the first to die.

Yura Krupin was seriously wounded and died while being transported to the rear along the Road of Life. Later, Lavrinaitis, Barsky, Maslennikov and Vasya Fedorov died. Former cadets of the academy stayed together for a long time.

And when Max Khoronzhitsky was seriously wounded, Yuri Trushkin carried him along the snowy roads for several kilometers.

Only 6 people survived from this group, all of them had wounds and military awards.Trushkin, for example, was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Red Banner.

Of these, Batkhin and Broitman returned to medicine after the war.

Broytman fought as a soldier on the Volkhov front, received an officer rank for heroism. Ananiev became an engineer after the war, and Matveev, Trushkin and Khoronzhitsky became lawyers.

In the name of the head of the VMMA, reports from the cadets were constantly pouring in with a request to be sent to the front.

There was only one answer – it will be necessary – they will send, and now they are ordered to study.

At the end of October 1942, cadet Seva Kakhovsky, the son of a general and a descendant of the famous Decembrist, was sent to the front. Kakhovsky was Colonel Rzhanov’s adjutant in the 4th brigade of the MP and died heroically in December of the same year. In early October, two Leningrader cadets disappeared from the course – Igor Goreslavets and Naum Kritsberg. And soon our course was gathered in a large auditorium of the main building of the academy for the trial of a military tribunal. Naum Kritzberg was brought in under escort. Next, on a stretcher, Goreslavets, seriously wounded in the leg, was carried.They were tried as deserters, and the desertion consisted in the following – Kritzberg and Goreslavets, indigenous Leningraders, arbitrarily, without informing anyone, driven by the best patriotic motives, went to the front with a division of the people’s militia and took part in the battles near Pulkovo.

Igor was arrested in the medical battalion after being wounded and undergoing surgery, and Kritzberg was captured by the “special officers” right in the trench of the front edge.

The leadership of the academy, in order to keep the cadets, especially Leningraders, from independent spontaneous departure to the front, resorted to an inadequate decision – to use the court of the military tribunal as intimidation, which passed on two of our comrades a sentence that sounded more than absurd – “For desertion to front ”, and sentenced our classmates to be sent to penal units.But the condition of Goreslavets in the prison hospital worsened, he underwent a high amputation of his hip, he was discharged as a disabled person of the 1st group, amnestied, and released.

And Naum Kritzberg was killed at the beginning of 1942 in the battles near Mga.

In December, the cadet of the third company of our course Igor Svistelnikov, nicknamed “Svist”, was expelled from the academy. It was written off to the KBF torpedo boats.

Igor fought well, was awarded several times, after the war he became a military lawyer and rose to the position of chief prosecutor of the Leningrad naval base.

While crossing Ladoga at the beginning of December, our cadet Seryozha Grachev died, whom his comrades buried in the cemetery of the village of Eremina Gora.

In August 1942, the second course of our academy, consisting of 205 cadets and students, left for the front in full force.

From our third year, Yakov Vekshin, Sasha Antoshin, Grisha Zhelado, Naum Krymkevich, Tsalya Polishchuk and Sasha Platonov were sent to the front line. Even earlier, our cadets Aizenshtadt and Anikeenko went to the front through a naval crew in Yaroslavl.

Of these eight classmates of mine, only Platonov and Krymkevich survived.

The new year 1943 on our course began with an emergency.

The assistant on duty at the academy, our cadet Rachmaninov, during a night round of posts and guards, found Fima (Khaim) Khodorovsky sleeping at the post of our cadet. This Rachmaninov showed zeal and immediately “reported” about the emergency to the officer on duty, a student from our course, senior military assistant Koval, and he ran to the acting head of the course, Major Terenty Kalyuzhny.Major Kalyuzhny, wishing to curry favor with the leadership of the academy and fearing that this gross violation of military discipline would negatively affect his track record, immediately “cooked up”, filed documents for the tribunal for the sentry Khodorovsky and the chief of the guard Alexander Kudenkov. There was a military tribunal trial.

Khodorovsky and Kudenkov stood before the tribunals, clipped to fit a typewriter, in work boots and a robe.

The verdict of the tribunal was short – “Send to the front to atone for his guilt in blood.”In these February days there were thirty-degree frosts.

Our cadet Heinrich Zaltsman was the first to catch his eye and said – “Guys! How can they go to the front in work boots in such a frost ?!

Let’s throw off and buy them boots or felt boots & ruo ;.

With the money collected from the cadets, Zaltsman bought cowhide boots for his comrades in the city market and handed them over to the prisoners. Major Kalyuzhny found out about this, summoned Zaltsman to his place and began to accuse him of trying to oppose the cadets to the decisions of the authorities and undermining the authority of the academy leadership, in a word, he began to sew a “policy” for “helping enemies” and “incitement.”Kalyuzhny said that he had drawn up all the “relevant papers” for Zaltsman, that he would not get off easily and not the front, but Siberia awaited him for the next ten to fifteen years, and he, Kalyuzhny, had already sent all these “incriminating documents” to Moscow. This conversation became the property of the cadets, and we turned to the head of the Special Department of the VMMA, Captain Ivanushkin, who came to us after the front.

We called Ivanushkin “a friend of the people” or “a collector of folklore.” Ivanushkin talked to Zaltsman, and reasoned sensibly –

“The workers send gifts, parcels, warm clothes for soldiers, tanks, airplanes to the front, so this is opposition of the workers to the government?

You also made a gift to the front-line soldiers.And your Kalyuzhny is just a fool.

Go and study quietly. All this is nonsense. ”

I don’t know if Captain Ivanushkin intervened in this matter, but for Zaltsman everything ended well, he received only 8 days of guardhouse from Kalyuzhny.

When the convicts Khodorovsky and Kudenkov were sent to the front through a naval crew in Yaroslavl, the head of the VMMA, brigologist Ivanov, promised that if they showed themselves well at the front, he would restore them to the academy.

Cadet Kudenkov, a few months later he was returned to study.

And Fima Khodorovsky resigned from the post of paramedic in the naval crew’s first aid post. He asked to be an ordinary soldier in the Marine Corps Brigade, fought in reconnaissance, distinguished himself in battles, participated in the capture of seven “languages”, was awarded an order. But Khodorovsky did not have a chance to return to the academy.

In one of the reconnaissance missions he was seriously wounded and died in the hospital.

This is how a good friend, a talented person and a naive romantic passed away …

And the death of cadet Khodorovsky is completely on the conscience of Major Kalyuzhny …

He killed him, not the Germans …

In the fall of 1943, the cadets returned from front-line practice.

And here another wave of deductions began. For unauthorized absence, according to the report of one of the company commanders, a cadet of the 1st company Tauberman was expelled from his studies and sent to the front. Then, for various reasons, the cadets Lugovsky and Antonov were expelled and sent to the front line.

The next “victim” was cadet Yakov Pasov.

Acting commander of the second company, Senior Lieutenant Khalatov, an unbalanced Baku resident, himself a former VMU graduate, was jealous of Pasov for his girlfriend, and they issued a “case” for Yakov for unauthorized absence and wrote him off as a paramedic at the Black Sea Fleet.Pasov got to “redeem with blood” on Malaya Zemlya, was wounded, suffered typhus, but survived.

And after this incident, Khalatov was forced to leave the academy, because he had no chance to find a common language with the cadets …

Let’s stop, otherwise my story will drag on for another couple of hours.

I personally wrote the history of the course and I know how the life of many classmates developed, both those who left the VMMA for the front, and those who completed their studies at the academy in 1945.

After all, the course suffered losses not only as a result of sending cadets to the front …

There were several people written off for health reasons.

In 1944, Yura Kolodkin and the hero of “Malaya Zemlya” Yura Vishnevsky, who were awarded the BKZ order for heroism displayed during the front-line practice at the Black Sea Fleet, were expelled. Vishnevsky was demobilized for health reasons, a serious wound received in 1943 made itself felt.

In the fall of 1944, five cadets of our course were diagnosed with an acute phase of primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Two of them were demobilized, and Sasha Greisukh from Minsk soon died from complications of tuberculosis.

To be honest, many of us were jealous of our comrades, who, for various reasons and due to various circumstances, were expelled from the VMMA and went to the front. And although commanders and political instructors constantly “brainwashed” us, saying that the fleet needs doctors – specialists, that the war will be enough for our century, that we have three to four months of frontline practice every year, and so on and so on, but most of the cadets with it was hard to come to terms with the fact that they would not meet the end of the war on warships or in the ranks of the Marine Corps brigades.

Yes, and expelled from the VMMA very “selectively”, it was possible to arrange a “universal pogrom” and remain in the ranks of the cadets, but it was possible to “ring out on the front line” for a minor violation of discipline.

In the summer of 1942, we were informed that the cadets were switching to training according to the paramedic program, and at the end of autumn we would be released to the front with the rank of paramedics. We took this news calmly. It must be, it must be so.

But the order of the People’s Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov of 29/09/1942 followed, which said that the cadets of our third year should be left in the VMMA to continue their studies under the training program for naval doctors.

And the second course of the VMMA went to the infantry, to the front at Stalingrad.

G.K. – And what about the military fate of the second year of the Academy?

K.A.N. – They were sent to the front in August 1942.

Two hundred and five people – 178 cadets, the rest – students in command ranks and military assistant. The cadets first ended up in the training battalion of the 252nd Infantry Division, and after receiving sergeant and lieutenant ranks they were sent to Stalingrad. 74 people died near Stalingrad, including 11 officially missing.

The fate of 17 cadets remained unknown, most likely they died. Most fought in the 252nd SD, but for example, cadets Kondratyev and Kulikov ended up serving as machine gunners on boats of the Volga military flotilla.

In the summer of 1943, after the hospitals, forty-three “Stalingraders” returned to study at the academy – thirty cadets and thirteen students.

The rest, who survived, were either at the front until the end of the war, or returned to the VMMA in 1944-1945.

Until the end of the forty-fourth and until the spring of forty-five, Vasil Panchenko, Ivan Shvoren, Mikhail Shterenzon, Yura Leikin, Lev Khomkin, Ivan Nikitin, Evgeny Filippov and many others continued to fight on the front line from this course.

In 1943, during the return from hospitals of a part of the “Stalingraders” to the VMMA, one story happened that deserves to be told about it.

Most of the cadets, upon graduation from the training battalion of the 252nd SD, received the rank of sergeants, and several people were released with certification for the positions of platoon commanders and even companies.

They were told to attach “cubes” to your buttonholes, the order will be sent later.

And later – battles, losses, injuries, there was no time for inquiries, extracts from orders and other papers.The seant ranks of the former cadet were confirmed by certificates from the division headquarters, and with officer ranks it was more difficult.

Lieutenants Evenstein and Klimov, who returned to the academy from the front, were summoned by the head of the personnel department and demanded to provide the number of the primary order on the assignment of the rank. The guys told him that where are we going to get him now ?, the division is located a good couple of thousand kilometers from Kirov.

Reported to the head of the academy, Major General Ivanov.

He said – “If you do not have a copy of the official order, I cannot do anything.Take off your officer’s shoulder straps. It is in my power to give you the ranks of senior sergeant. Agree. ”

And if Platon Klimov was persuaded to agree with great difficulty, Evenshtein, who commanded a machine-gun platoon in Stalingrad, replied to the general – “I did not assign the rank to myself, they gave it to me at the front!

Please send me to the front line again. ”

Ivanov just smiled and shrugged his shoulders, they say, act as you see fit.

Evenstein was returned to his hospital discharge certificate, the only document in which his lieutenant rank was officially indicated.Evenshtein himself got to the Steppe Front, arrived at the personnel department and asked to go to the front line, to reconnaissance.

Zinovy ​​Evenstein became the commander of the reconnaissance platoon, and after that of the company, he participated in 34 reconnaissance searches, had 22 captured “tongues” on his personal account.

At the end of 1944, Guard Lieutenant Evenstein returned to study at the VMMA with four orders on his chest and several stripes for wounds.

He silently walked into the office of the chief of the VMMA and put on his desk his military officer description, which included the number of the order of 10/1942 on the assignment of the primary officer rank, a description of the scout’s military merits, and a separate entry was made that Lieutenant Evenstein twice presented himself for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

And we never found out how the head of the academy reacted to this document …

G.K. – How long did you spend in the hospital after being wounded on Nevskaya Dubrovka?

K.A.N. – From the FOG evacuation hospital I was taken to the surgical clinic of the VMMA, and from there, along the “Road of Life”, I was transported to the “Main Land”.

Was in Kirov, at the Central Naval Hospital.

My VMMA, evacuated from Leningrad, soon arrived in this city.

Since my accompanying papers wrote – “rank and position – company commander of the 4th Ot.Br. MP “, then, by mistake, I was placed in the ward for the command staff.

Ward for four. Next to me lay on the bunks – a midshipman from the Red Banner Baltic Fleet torpedo boats with fractures of both legs, who was blown up together with his boat on a sea mine. The second was a gunner captain, commander of a coastal battery from the Hanko Peninsula, with a wound in the thigh.

And the third comrade in the ward turned out to be senior lieutenant, fighter pilot Zakhar Sorokin, who fought before being wounded in a fighter regiment in the Northern Fleet.Sorokin was already considered an air ace and had eight German planes shot down. In the late autumn of 1941, Sorokin was shot down in an air battle over the Barents Sea, managed to shoot down one German bomber in his last battle and ram an enemy fighter. When Sorokin sat down for an emergency landing, a bomber he knocked out landed next to him, from which two German pilots got out.

Sorokin shot one of them from TT, and the second, who pounced on him with a Finnish knife, he defeated in hand-to-hand combat and stabbed …

Then Sorokin walked for a long time to the front line.I fell into the wormwood, frostbitten my feet and could only crawl further. He managed to crawl to the SNIS SF post.

He lost consciousness a hundred meters from the post.

The sailors picked him up and brought him to the rear on a dog sled.

From the hospital in Polyarny, Sorokin was transported to Kirov, where his feet were amputated. By the fall of 1942, the stumps on Sorokin’s legs had completely healed, and the Vyatka craftsmen constructed prostheses for him, on which Zakhar could walk without relying on a stick and returned to his regiment in the North.

Flying a fighter with prosthetic feet, Sorokin earned the title of GSS.

It was with such a heroic and unique person, the “polar Maresyev”, that fate confronted me.

The windows of the hospital overlooked a large cathedral located next to the market square. One day, in March 1942, I happened to see an interesting picture. At the entrance to the church stood about two hundred mobilized into the army, judging by their clothes, all the former peasants. Despite the frosty day, they stood without hats and were baptized.On the porch stood a priest with a censer and a cross, with which he periodically overshadowed the crowd. I remember the words of the priest – “I bless you for the sacred battle with the fiery hyena, with the accursed Hitler.

The Germans will not see the Russian land! Not to be the Russian people on the fifth non-fascist non-people! My brothers! Children of God! Cleanse our Motherland from enemy filth and evil spirits with fire and sword! I bless you! ”

This sermon was cooler than the speeches of any political instructor.

Here I learned that a whole train with food, brought by the peasants as a gift to the church, had been consecrated and sent to our naval hospital for the wounded.

I remember very well the head of the hospital, the 1st rank military doctor Erofeev, nicknamed for his quick temper – “Fedya-boiling water”.

In the spring of 1942, I was discharged from the hospital and was reinstated to study at the VMMA.

In August 1942, order number 227 was read to us and immediately announced that the junior course was going to the front, and our third year was being transferred to training under the paramedic program, and in the next few months all third-year cadets would also be sent to the front line.

But this did not happen for the reasons that I mentioned earlier.

G.K. – How did the combat practice go on ships and units of the fleet?

K.A.N. – After completing the third-year curriculum in May 1943, the cadets were sent to front-line practice as trainees and backup chiefs of medical services of ships and coastal units for three active fleets and the Caspian military flotilla. A small group of cadets ended up in the Pacific Fleet and the Amur military flotilla.

Many cadets had a chance to feel the hot breath of war again, and some took a direct part in hostilities, especially those who got to practice on the Black Sea.Our cadet Yura Vishnevsky landed with the marines on Malaya Zemlya, near Novorossiysk, being wounded by a bullet in the elbow joint, did not leave the battlefield, continuing to provide assistance to the wounded.

For this he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Yakov Eydinov was also awarded the order, who, being in practice in the division of the Ministry of Defense, took part in the landing of troops and distinguished himself in battles.

Ivan Brechko got to practice as a doctor’s understudy on the L-22 submarine of the Northern Fleet, took part in several military campaigns, in which the submarine sank three enemy transports.Brechko was awarded the Order of the Red Star for his participation in this successful campaign.

My cadet platoon did an internship on the ships of the Caspian military flotilla. Our group was headed by Igor Soldatov.

We got to our destination in a roundabout way, with transfers.

Our group was assigned an old passenger carriage, which was attached to a train going east. We got to Sverdlovsk, then to Novosibirsk.

There our carriage was attached to the train going to Tashkent.

Then we drove for a long time across the desert, then – Ashgabat, Krasnovodsk.

We crossed the Caspian on the passenger ship “Turkmenistan”.

In Baku, at the headquarters of the flotilla, we were assigned to ships.

Anatoly Vorobyov and I were sent to the 2nd battalion of BO patrol ships (big sea hunters – “toilers of the sea”). By our arrival, the senior doctor of the battalion, the captain of the medical service Novotochinov, managed to leave on vacation, so we did not receive any instructions or advice.

There were five ships in the division – “Miner”, “Artilleryman”, “Boatswain”, “Anti-aircraft gunner” and “Torpedoist”.

I was assigned to the BO “Miner”, and Vorobyov was assigned to the BO “Artillerist”.

Large hunters belonged to the ships of the 3rd rank.

These were ships recently built at the Zelenodolsk plant. All-metal ships, welded, without a single rivet in the hull, with contours reminiscent of a destroyer. Three powerful diesel engines, each of which worked on its own electric motor, turning its own propeller, of which there were also three.The ship developed a speed of up to 40 knots. If we let the work of the propellers go to pieces, then the ship could turn almost on the spot around the stern, as the sailors said – “on the heel”. The ship’s crew consisted of 60 people.

The CO was commanded by Senior Lieutenant Stelengovsky. The commander and all the other officers in the crew – the senior assistant, artilleryman and navigator – were graduates of the Leningrad naval schools.

The ship’s armament was solid – on the tank, in the semi-tower there was a 76-mm gun, on one wing of the bridge there was a quad machine-gun mount “Maxim”, on the second wing – a quad anti-aircraft gun “Colt”, which the sailors called a “sewing machine”.

Above the superstructure and the false tube were three 37-mm MZA artillery mounts, and two mounts – DShK machine guns.

At the stern, on both sides of the smoke screen installation, there were depth charge bomb releasers.

Large hunters are multipurpose ships, and the task of this division also included cover from the fascist aviation of the Astrakhan raid.

Together with the BO battalion, the raid was covered by PZB – (floating anti-aircraft batteries), such as “Equator”, and gunboat battalions.

BO ships went out to sea 70-100 miles from the coast, where they pumped Baku oil onto barges from sea tankers, and escorted them to Astrakhan. Covering sea caravans from Baku and Makhachkala was also the division’s duty. They made “special echelons”, tied with strong cables a couple of dozen railway tank cars without wheels, filled with oil or gasoline.

A couple, a group or the entire division accompanied caravans of transports with “Lend-Lease” weapons and food from the Iranian port of Pahlavi to Baku, Krasnovodsk, Guryev and Astrakhan.

Conditions of service and life on the ship were difficult.

People spent two months at sea without a shore.

There was not enough food and fresh water …

At the beginning of autumn 1943 our practice ended.

We were gathered in Baku before being sent to Kirov. But I managed to get to the Main Naval Hospital of the flotilla with a phlegmon on the foot of my left foot.

When the phlegmon was opened, a metal splinter from a German mine emerged from the wound, “an old gift from the Nevsky patch.”

I returned to VMMA a few weeks later than other cadets of my platoon … I was traveling through the North Caucasus, Kuban, Stary Oskol, Tula, Moscow …

Long history.

G.K. – When did the cadets begin to be sent to hospital surgical practice?

K.A.N. – There were many hospitals in Kirov, and we spent a lot of time in operating rooms and dressing rooms.

But if you mean front-line surgical practice, then our course was sent to it in March 1944.

We were brought to Leningrad, assigned to the hospitals of the KBF, and some of the cadets were included in the surgical brigades and medical reinforcement groups formed in the VMMA for medical support of the KBF’s combat operations. The cadets of our training platoon were included in the medical reinforcement group of the 37th Izhora Naval Hospital.

Along the loose, but still strong ice of the bay we reached Kotlin Island.

In Kronstadt, we were not put on a tug sailing to Rambov (as the sailors called Oranienbaum), and we arrived at the Izhora VMG.

Cadets Bashmakov, Kovtun, Soldatov, Zakrzhevsky, Gvozdev, Perlov and me were sent to practice in the surgical department.

But we, cadets, were constantly used to evacuate sailors from the medical battalions of the front line.

On April 22nd, together with the head of our group, Soldatov, the head of the hospital called me and set the following task – within 24 hours to prepare a convoy of four trucks and a hospital bus, equip it with all the necessary medical and other equipment and take the wounded out of the medical battalion 165 – 1st Marine Brigade leading offensive battles in the Narva area.The group consisted of five drivers, five orderlies and four medical instructors. Everyone was given carbines, cartridges, flasks of water and dry rations for two days.

I was appointed the head of this ambulance convoy.

On April 24, at five o’clock in the morning, we left the hospital and headed south-west in the direction of Narva. I rode at the head of the convoy in a gas generator GAZ – “lorry”. He was sitting next to the driver in a cab, which could not even be called a cab. She had no top and no doors. Instead of a side wall and a door, a triangular steel sheet was welded, covering the side of the person sitting in the “cockpit” from shrapnel and bullets.Behind the back on both sides were fixed one cast-iron gas generator column, between which there was a semi-soft back covered with leatherette. An orderly with a medical instructor is located in the back.

At noon we reached the 165th Marine Brigade.

In two hours we loaded 68 wounded in the medical battalion, of which 22 were lying. We set off on the way back. The driver of my car said that he had already traveled in this area and knew the roads well that there was a country road that would significantly shorten our path and we would be able to return to the hospital before dark.I agreed, and we turned off the highway onto a country road. And when it was already about thirty meters before the exit to the main road to the hospital, the driver saw that the track was badly knocked out and, being afraid to sit with the frame on the formed earthen hump, brought the left wheel to the side of the road. Before we had time to drive five meters, a bright flame appeared in front of my eyes, and a strong deafening rumble of thunder was heard. Some force tore me away from the seat, and I flew out of the “cockpit”, since there was no roof in it. The explosion threw me to the right side of the road.

When I fell, it seemed to me that I see every blade of grass.

I did not feel fear, everything happened so quickly that I did not even have time to get scared. Falling to the ground, I did not feel pain, but I saw a gas generator block falling on me. I felt no shock, no pain, no fear.

It was calm and even indifferent. I didn’t hear, or rather I felt that something crunched in my head, and immediately passed out.

The white light went out for me, and time stood still …

As it turned out, after going off the track to the side of the road, the car ran over an old anti-tank mine with its front left wheel, and after the explosion turned over on its right side.The driver was torn to pieces. The left gas generator was torn off and, flying to the side, fell on me.

Everyone in the back was thrown out of the car.

An orderly and a wounded man lying at the port side were killed. The medical officer and the rest of the wounded received bruises, minor injuries and concussions.

They were quickly loaded onto other machines. The cars following us were not damaged during the explosion, since the distance between the trucks was 20-25 meters.

They pulled me out from under the column.As I was later told, I did not move.

Breathing was not detected and pulse was not felt. Clinical death … The blood was nowhere to be seen, only the blood was flowing from the left ear. They began to do artificial respiration and a closed heart massage, they gave me injections subcutaneously and intramuscularly from the drugs that were in the sanitary bag.

An oxygen bag was brought from the ambulance bus.

Suddenly, I moved my legs and took a deep breath …

When I woke up, I heard – “Alive! Breathes! Quickly get him into the car! “

About twenty minutes later I was taken to the hospital.

But I again lost consciousness and woke up only a day later. I was diagnosed with a fracture of the base of the skull, a fracture of the bones of the left forearm and a general contusion of the body. Only a month later, I was allowed to get out of the hospital bed.

I learned to walk again. The terrible headaches also gradually diminished.

I could hardly hear with my left ear, I stopped smelling and taste.

I could calmly, on a bet on a glass of compote, swallow a tablespoon of mustard and pepper and not even grimace.

In July, I was transferred from the Izhora hospital to continue treatment in Leningrad, to the neurological department of the VMG No. 1 on Haaza Avenue.

My friend Igor Soldatov visited me and told me that the whole group, alive and dead, who had taken part in the delivery of the wounded from near Narva, had been presented for awards.

Upon my return to the VMMA, after the hospital, in August, I was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

G.K. – In the summer of 1944, the VMMA returned from evacuation to Leningrad, and in October 1945 your course was released from the VMMA and sent to serve in various fleets of the country.Where did you end up serving?

K.A.N. -Few of us were lucky to get an appointment to Riga, Tallinn, Libava, Konigsberg or the Black Sea Fleet.

The vast majority of the graduates of our course ended up serving in the Arctic Circle and the Far East.

Where did the naval and army service of my comrades go. Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Chinese Port Arthur and Tuchenza on the Liaoding Peninsula, Korean Seisin and Racine, on the Amur coast, the Pacific Ocean and the Barents Sea, garrisons on Sakhalin, Kildin, Kuril Islands, Novaya Zemlya, on the Rybachy Peninsula and Kamchatka, to the bays of Nogaevo, Tetyukhe, Pumanki, Yokanga and so on, to the most notorious “bear corners” … I was assigned to the Pacific Ocean.

Started service as a doctor of the Nikolayevka aviation garrison, in which a mine and torpedo division of the Pacific Fleet MA was stationed, as a senior doctor of the 38th IAP of the 12th SHARKD, head of the medical service of the Vladimir-Olginskaya naval base, head of the admission department of the Main Naval Medical Hospital of the Pacific Fleet, a separate commander battalion – OMBSN, intended for operations in a nuclear war.

One can talk about my eleven years of life spent in the Far East for a very, very long time …

But in 1957 I suffered a heart attack, was discharged from the army for health reasons and was dismissed with the rank of major.

In May 1957 he returned to Odessa and until 1992, before retiring, worked as a surgeon in his hometown and head of the department of surgery.

G.K. – After the war, did you return to the battle sites of 1941, to Nevskaya Dubrovka?

K.A.N. – Yes … And this return was a difficult test for me … After a trip to Leningrad, I came back to Odessa, but all the horrors of Nevskaya Dubrovka firmly returned to my consciousness and did not let me go for a long time.

Often at night, I again saw in nightmares and painful dreams our attacks, the faces of my killed comrades, the marines …

The color of the nation, the best people of the country died there, but did not retreat … eternal and irrevocable debt to those who died in the battles for our Motherland …

Methodological materials on macrame for extracurricular activities “Macrame (methodology)”

METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE FOR STUDIO MANAGERS ON THE TOPIC

MAKRAME . From Lada Melnikova

MAKRAME, YOU HAVE HEARD THIS ABOUT, GUYS.

TURKISH CLOTHES CALLED THIS ONCE,

BRANDS INVENTED, PRESENTED TO THE WORLD,

THAT WE CREATE WONDERS FROM KNOTS.

BEADED, CHAIN, CAM AND SCREW

REPEAT, EIGHT and DOUBLE, and PLIETS.

CAVANDOLI, THERE IS CHINESE,

JOSEPHINES, TURKISH, THAI.

AND FROM THEM A SUSPENSION, BRA, A LOT OF ALL GOOD:

HERE A CASHPO, A HERE A BOOKMARK, A TURTLE AND A HORSE.

KANGAROO, OWL, COVER, BAG, ABAJUR, DONKEY.

WE WILL ALL THIS BY YOURSELF, AND THEN WE WILL PRESENT TO MOM.

Melnikova Lada

I will weave beautiful patterns from seemingly difficult knots.

I liked the art of old sailors with needlework.

Knotted lace, square weaving –

All these are the names of one handicraft.

But he has one more name. Quickly name it.

Melnikova Lada

As a result of passing the program

Students should KNOW :

1. The history of the birth and development of macrame.as a kind of arts and crafts.

2. Leading masters of our time and their works.

3. Equipment for macrame work.

4. Rules for thread count and weight.

5. Safety rules.

6. Symbols for recording work rapport.

7. Nodes and their variants.

8. Terminology.

9. Thread termination rules.

10. Registration of finished works.

11. A creative approach to performing activities.

should UMET b:

1. Perform all the nodes known in the macrame.

2. Graphically record job reports.

3. Produce competent demonstration with verbal accompaniment.

4. Use macrame terminology.

5. Be creative in your work.

6. Make active use of macrame technology.

PLAN

LECTURAL-PRACTICAL LESSONS

ON THE TOPIC “MAKRAME ”

1. Message of the topic. Updating.

2. Literary sources on the topic.

3. Historical information on this technology.

4. Demonstration of a presentation on the topic.

5. Introduction to technology theoretically.

6. Consideration of illustrations on the topic.

7. Equipment for technology execution.

8. Content of macrame lessons.

9. Methods of teaching children this technology.

10. Themes of products in this technology, recommended for children.

11. Checklist by topic.

12. Terminology on the topic. Basic concepts.

13. Practical work on the selected product.

14. Writing a synopsis on the selected topic.

15. Literary material on the topic in the form of riddles, poems, tongue twisters.

16. Familiarization with the software requirements for this technology.

17. Homework. Report form, terms, requirements.

FOR CHILDREN ABOUT PACRAM. HISTORICAL REFERENCE.

1. The history of knot weaving goes back thousands of years.It begins from the time when a person needed to connect the 2 ends of the thread. Later, primitive hunters made nets from animal wool and marsh grasses.

2. In the Scandinavian countries, in museums, you can see the remains of twisted nets made of linden bark. Stone Age nets were found in Finnish swamps 80 years ago.

3. Throughout the entire path of development, humanity has treated the nodes in different ways. There were periods when knots were simply banned.So the Roman emperors had a taboo on knots, on whose clothes there should not be a single knot. Taboos on knots were in India, Indonesia. In Russia, knitting or knotting meant witchcraft, conjuring, bewitching. Christianity in Russia condemned the wearing of knot amulets. But

This attitude towards nodes was not ubiquitous. Roman historian Pliny the Elder in the 1st c. He believed that by untying and tying knots, a hernia could be cured. They were also used to treat fractures.

In the East, the ancients had a knotted letter, thanks to which they collected and preserved information.On Greek vases there is an image of Hercules, dressed in the skin of a lion. The paws of the beast are tied on the hero’s chest with a knot, which was called a Herculean knot. This knot tied the lotus stems on the clothes of the pharaohs. The ancient Greeks tied wounds with this knot. This knot was tied on a neck chain, like on an amulet. Sailors wove chains and tied them to masts for protection. During the festivities, the Greeks held a competition in agility, tying a Turkish knot for speed. The Turkish knot is possibly the legendary knot that promised power over Asia.The poor man’s son Midas arrived at the assembly of the people on a cart and was proclaimed king in times of trouble. This carriage with an ingenious knot on a drawbar was presented by Midas as a gift to Zeus and it was kept in the palace. A. Macedonian knew this legend and he wanted to see this knot, the unraveling of which promised power over Asia. According to some sources, Alexander could not untangle the knot and cut it. And according to other sources, he inserted a peg and untied the knot with which he confirmed his dominance over Asia.

4. Macrame flourishes in the 9th century.BC NS. The founders of macrame are sailors. In distant countries, they gave souvenirs from ropes or exchanged for water and food. In the 14th century. The sailors introduced the macrame art to the inhabitants of Spain, India and China. Knot patterns have been found in Madrid. They are 14th century. In Italy, lace macrame was used to decorate clothes and curtains, bedspreads and hats. Macrame schools were also opened. So Valentina Cavandoli in Turin taught macrame to children of 6 years old. The discovery belongs to her: The rep knot technique was transformed into beaded and this created the effect of an embroidered canvas.Macrame products were also reflected in their canvases by artists. For example, Sandro Botticeli. In the painting The Adoration of the Magi. 1476 The art of macrame spread throughout the countries of the world, but few masters have always owned it. Macrame not only changed the whole purpose, but also the name. Square weave, knotted lace, Mexican lace, knotted fringe. From 19 to macrame from Turkish is a scarf, or napkin. Translated from Arabic – magram: a tablecloth with a fringe. Since the 20s, a new splash of fashion on macrame.Weave from threads and ropes. Wickerwork: carpets, napkins, lampshades, screens, curtains, pots began to decorate living quarters. Macrame is also used to decorate clothes.

EQUIPMENT:

1. Semi-soft pillow. Funny. 2. Clamps to strengthen the thread. 3.

Hooks for hanging weaving work. 4. sewing pins for pinning products. 5. Scissors for straightening the threads. 6. Glue. 7. Centimeter. 8. Accessories in the form of beads, balls, stones, sticks, accessories, buttons, rings, hoops, arcs and more.Dr. for example, forms for braiding.

MATERIALS:

Important condition: twisted rope. Then the product looks embossed. Textured. Weave from a curtain cord, clothesline, hemp and sisal, cord and fishing line, twine, soutache, yarn, floss.

ACCESSORIES: Hooks for carrying weights, nails driven into a vertical, chair backs.

ORDER OF WORK:

1. Object selection, 2 Selection of material for execution.3. Preparation of the necessary equipment. 4. Thread count. 5. Hitch of threads. 6. Manufacturing of the product. 7. Finishing the finished product. 8. Introduction to the interior or to everyday life.

MAIN UNITS AND PATTERNS

1. Hercules – the first and main unit in the macrame.

2. DPU and its variants: chain of square knots, berry, leaf-shaped, with pico, chameleon, cobweb, with intermission, checkerboard, large DPU. Lattice, melons.

3. Reps knot – it can be diagonal and horizontal.Patterns: arrow, leaf, zigzag, herringbone, rhombus, grid in rhombus, window, checkerboard in rhombus, general DPU in rhombus, darning in rhombus. DPU chain

Merezhka, Technique by Valentina Cavandoli.

4. Node Horiz.

5. Chain knot.

6. Cam Assembly.

7. Tatting knot: one-sided, two-sided, tatting hemstitch.

8. Chinese lotus knot.

9. Josephine’s Knot,

10. Turkish knot, monkey fist, twins, just a minute.

GRAMMAR MAKRAME

1 How to calculate the length of the thread: The length of the thread depends on the length of the product, on the complexity of the rapport, on the presence of labor-intensive knots, on the thickness of the thread, on the qualities of the performer. But on average, the thread is reduced by 4 times.

2. Hitching techniques: simple, double, with picot and openwork, on a ring, on a stick, on a thread.

3. Techniques for finishing work: fringe, capuchin, trap, balls, beads, tassel, clean edge with a loop, with beads, with picot.

4. Methods of web expansion: using a square knot, using a horizontal knot.

5. The increase in the length of the thread is carried out by simple gluing, or by changing the base.

6. The dyeing of threads is carried out before work and at the end. You can use aniline dyes, onion peels. Birch leaves, oak bark and brilliant green and potassium permanganate and akrikhin.

7. A soft thread will become stiff, and therefore embossed, if it is starchy or gelantinated, or stitched.

8. Legend:

DPU:

Reps:

Josephine:

Turkish:

Chinese:

Chain:

Tatting:

Fist:

:

Tumbler

Cam :

Horizon:

Cavandoli:

7. You can steam the finished product through a damp iron if you apply an iron to it in different places of the product and immediately lift it so as not to flatten the product.Those. not to deprive it of its relief.

8. The finished work should be entered into the interior. Or as a wardrobe accessory. This means you need to find a worthy place for her. Or choose clothes for him.

9. “Butterfly” is a method of shortening the threads during work by winding a figure eight around the hand. If necessary, lengthen, the thread is released, gradually freeing it from the skein.

10. During work, safety rules should be observed: do not hang threads around the neck, do not use scissors for other purposes and be extremely careful, Store needles in a needle bar, do not put accessories in your mouth.Remove the hook after laying. Do not leave work unattended for a long time.

CONTENT OF LESSONS ON MACRAM .

1 lesson.

Historical information about macrame. Possibilities, assortment, range of applications. Submission of materials for work. Demonstration of manuals, devices, products themselves, accessories.

Methods for measuring threads, methods for hanging threads, methods for lengthening threads, methods for securing the material, for performing work.

2nd lesson.

Study of a double flat node and its variants: DPU track. DPU large, DPU with base change, DPU one-sided, DPU checkerboard.

DPU with pico. DPU with intermission.

Manufacturing of a hot stand using DPU.

3 lesson.

Learning the rep node. Diagonal and horizontal bridging.

Reception herringbone. Techniques for using brid in macrame technique: rhombus, butterfly, scallop.Making a beaded knot on the basis of a rep.

Work in the technique of KOVANDOLI. Colored weaving.

Making zodiac signs using a beaded knot.

4th lesson.

Learning the cam assembly. Ball netting. Hot stand. Coffee shops.

The use of the studied units in the manufacture of toys of the “Rybka” type.

5 lesson.

Learn the tatting node. His options: Tatting crosswise, with a picot.

Using the tatting knot in macrame products. Making products using a tatting knot.

6 lesson.

Learning the chain node. Manufacturing of products on the basis of the studied nodes,

With the inclusion of a chain node.

Study of the “Josephine” knot as a symbol of macrame.

7 lesson.

Studying the technology of darning in a rhombus, square, circle. The use of darning in macrame technology. Making a belt based on the studied knots.

8 lesson.

Study of the Turkish knot. Variants of its use in products.

Manufacturing of products such as pendants and pendants using the proposed units.

9 lesson.

Making rapports of toys using macrame technique. Variants of verbal descriptions of toy rapports.

Practical making of a toy at the discretion of the student

10 lesson.

Making decorative knots, rarely used in macrame.

Manufacturing technology of various colors.

Topics of products in macrame technique for working with children level by level:

Level 1 :

• Hot plate.

• Bracelet with beads.

• Dragonfly.

• Shell

• Ball net.

• Serving napkin.

Level 2:

• Butterfly.

• Fish.

• Snake.

• Owl.

• Dog.

• Ladanka.

Level 3:

AN INTEGRATED LESSON ON MACRAME TECHNOLOGY.

THEME : “SOUVENIRS”.

PRODUCT: SEA BOTTOM.

Contents of the program:

1. Educational tasks:

   • To give children an idea of ​​the history of macrame.

   • Teach double flat knot.

   • Learn to decorate products with fittings.

2. Educational tasks:

• To foster a desire to do pleasant things for kids.

• A sense of mutual assistance and comradely mutual assistance.

• Careful, economical attitude to materials.

3. Developing:

• To develop an idea of ​​the versatility of the use of macrame art.

• Fine motor skills of the hands.

• Dexterity, skill in working with threads.

EQUIPMENT:

1. Demonstration: samples of toys, Schemes of work rapports.

2. Handout: threads, accessories, scissors, glue, images of toys in photographs and drawings.

Working hours 2-3 lessons. List of products: Octopus, fish, jellyfish, shell.

PROCESS OF THE LESSON:

1. Organizational moment:

The teacher shows a globe and says that our planet is called blue for a reason.Most of it is occupied by seas, oceans, lakes, rivers. People have always wanted to look into the depths of the world’s oceans and reveal

His secrets. This is what scientists are doing. And the fairy tale remains for the children.

The maiden – the beauty waved her tail,

Into a fairy tale – an adventure she plunged all of us.

Eyes – like stars, red hair.

Who is this girl, answer the question. ( Mermaid).

A picture of a little mermaid appears, and with her seafood.

– Soon the Little Mermaid has a birthday. Let us, like all children, congratulate the little mermaid. Look, these are some wonderful fish from the film. They were made by other groups. And here are the aquatic inhabitants made of fabric. These soft toys are also made by children’s hands. I suggest you make a seascape out of ropes. See how many of them all accumulated on the seabed. Where are they from there? From sunken ships. Sailors wove various souvenirs from ropes. You know that rope weaving is called Macrame.

– Sailors invented, presented to the world, so that we can work miracles from bundles.

Check if everything is ready to go. Each of them has ropes, sticks on the table,

Rings, accessories, glue, scissors, waste jars.

2. MAIN PART:

Polytechnic:

– Which macrame nodules you already know.

DPU, Tatting, chain, Josephine, rep, cam, sheet-like …

-What can be weaved with the help of these knots from the ropes?

-What tools will help us in our work?

Consideration of the sample:

– I will ask riddles, and you guess and choose a marine life for our seascape.

1. I live where it is very clean. I am transparent, gelatinous.

Don’t take me in your hands, otherwise there will be blisters. Jellyfish.

Consider her folks: a hat of reps knots, bordered with a bridal,

A tentacles of leaf-shaped knots. Sewn on. How much is -6.

2. I grow pearls, closing the sash tightly

I am not afraid of storm and storm and ebb and flow. Shell.

The shell has 2 identical flaps made with rep knots.

3.Head and 8 legs, and what am I called? Octopus.

The octopus has legs – screws (one-sided DPU) and the head: DPU A track twisted in a spiral and sewn.

4. I don’t walk or fly. And try to catch up, I am golden, well, look into a fairy tale. Fish. It is knotted with a fist, and tatting the ponytail.

Manufacturing technology:

-Choose who will do what. Measure threads, hang and weave.

The educator assists with individual counseling.

Children who have finished their work decorate the seabed with shells and algae.

3. FINAL PART:

Children lay out woven objects on the seabed.

The teacher strengthens them and asks questions about the content of polytechnics:

Who invented macrame. What nodes we know. What can be weaved using macrame technique.

Children clean up workplaces,

They bring macrame in the form of a “seabed” into the interior of the room.

Watching the cartoon “MERMAID”.

The analysis of children’s work is made in the form of thanksgiving to the little mermaid for congratulations.

CONTROL QUESTIONS TO CHECK THE KNOWLEDGE OF CHILDREN ON MACRAM.

1. How people used knots in ancient times.

2. Who, where and when invented macrame.

3. What materials was the macrame made of in the beginning?

4. Historical names for macrame.

5. What products were made using the macrame technique in the past ..

6. How were the products made using the macrame technique used.

7. What tools macramists work with.

8. What accessories macramists use for work.

9. What materials are modern products made of.

10. What is the purpose of modern macrame products.

11. What parameters determine the calculation of threads for the product.

12. What methods of hanging the threads are known to you.

13. How to lengthen the thread during work.

14. What are the options for completing the work.

15. What are the types of finishing works in the macrame technique.

16. What is the theme of children’s products.

17. What knots are known in the practice of macrame.

18. What was the name of the DPU in ancient times.

19. Name the variants of the DPU assembly.

20. Types of reps node.

21. Types of knot tatting.

22. What is the Cavandoli technique?

23. What methods of shortening the threads exist.

24. What is the applied value of products in the technique of macrame.

25. What materials are used for finishing macrame products.

RIDDLES:

1. ROPE: Will crumple into a cat. Stretches into a track.

2. SPIDER. The sieve is not hanging by hand.

3. NEVOD, the house is noisy, the owners are silent. People came and took the owners.

The house has gone through the window.

4. CUSHION. Abdomen, yes 4 ears.

5. SNAKE. The rope is twisted, at the end there is a head.

6. SPIDER. He cooks nets like a fisherman, but never catches fish.

7. BUTTERFLY. Above a patterned flower he dances, waves a patterned fan.

8. FROG. An animal gallops, not a mouth, but a trap. Both a mosquito and a fly will fall into the trap.

9. Fish. It wags its tail here, there and there is no her and there is no trace.

10. DOG. The living castle grunted. I lay down at the door on the threshold.

11. TURTLE. What a miracle? That’s a miracle.Top dish, bottom dish.

A dish walks along the road. The head sticks out, but the legs.

12. HARE. A lump of fluff, long ear. Jumping dexterously, gnawing carrots.

13. COBA. It flies all night, hunts mice,

and it becomes light, flies into the hollow to sleep.

14. SUNFLOWER. The golden bottom turned towards the sun.

15. OVTSA. In the mountains, along the valleys, a fur coat and a caftan walk.

Macrame as a type of DPI, Abstract is ordered at the STUDENT CENTER

Macrame as a type

of decorative and applied art

Plan:

I.The history of knot weaving.

II. Preparation for the weaving lesson:

1. Weaving devices.

2. Weaving materials.

3. Structural details.

4. Decorative elements.

III. Description of work on the dog.

History of knot weaving

The history of knot weaving goes back thousands of years.It began from the time when a man needed to connect the two ends of the thread and he tied the first knot. Later, primitive hunters made nets from animal wool and marsh grasses.

In the beginning, man made primitive, nodeless networks. A more stable form of the web of the net turned out when the threads began to twist together. In Scandinavian museums, the remains of such ancient twisted nets made of linden bark are displayed to this day. This weaving method is still used today by fishermen in Malta and the Canary Islands in the manufacture of lids for baskets.

Networks based on “pile” and “Peruvian” nodes have replaced the nodeless ones. Such nets were woven by fishermen of Peru, inhabitants of Oceania and ancient African fishermen from the Congo Basin.

As the weaving material improved, it became more and more difficult to maintain the constant shape of the mesh of the net. We needed non-slip knots. Such knots were “reef” and “weaving”. Making nets with a weaving knot has been practiced in northwestern Europe for a very long time. The remains of Stone Age nets were found in Finnish swamps 50 years ago.

For all the time of development, mankind has treated the nodes in different ways. There were periods when knots were simply banned. Among the many taboos the Roman senators had to observe, there was a ban on wearing at least one knot on clothing.

A taboo on knots existed in Lapland, the East Indies, among the coastal Dayaks and among the inhabitants of the northern part of the island of Celebes (Indonesia).

In Russia, knitting knots – “nauzit” meant “conjure, witchcraft, bewitching” – this is how V.I. Dahl. Christianity in Russia condemned the wearing of knots-amulets.

But this attitude to the node was short-lived and not ubiquitous. Some peoples, on the contrary, believed that the knots bring a certain benefit, – wrote the Roman historian Pliny the Elder (1st century). People of that time, for example, believed that by undoing and tying knots, a hernia could be cured. They were also used to treat fractures.

In the east, in ancient times, there was a knotted letter, thanks to which people collected and saved the necessary information.

On Greek vases, the image of Hercules, dressed in the skin of a lion, is often found. The front paws of the beast are tied on the hero’s chest with a knot, which people called herculean knot. This knot tied the ends of the clothes on the shoulders of the characters in Egyptian frescoes and the stems of lotuses on the gold breast ornaments of the pharaohs.

The ancient Greeks were confident in the magical power of the Herculean knot, so wounded warriors used this knot to bandage their wounds. The Hercules knot was tied on a string and worn around the neck as a talisman.The sailors weaved chains and tied them to the tops of the masts, piously believing that they would save them from harm.

In ancient Greece, during the festivities, it was proposed to untie and tie such a complex knot as the “Turkish” one. It served as a kind of competition in agility. The “Turkish knot” may be that legendary Gordian knot, the unraveling of which, according to ancient legends, promised power over Asia. And the legend is as follows:

The son of the Phrygian poor man Gordia Midas, when the confusion began in the country you, on the cart of his father arrived in the People congregation and was proclaimed king .This simple cart with a cleverly clever knot made of wild cherry bast on a drawbar was presented by Midas as a gift to Zeus, and since then it has been in the palace.

Alexander the Great knew le hendu about the successful king of the people, and he really wanted to see the banner thread carriage and cleverly woven knot, the unraveling of which, according to the ancient prophecy, promised Az …According to some sources that have come down to us, Alec Sandr could not unravel the Gordian knot and, drawing his sword, cut it; on others – the king pulled out colas nis, unraveled the knot and removed the yoke, than and confirmed his right to be the ruler of Asia.

The heyday of macrame dates back to the 9th century BC. It was from this time that the origins of the creation of products from knotted weaving were seen. Sailors are considered the ancestors of macrame, who, in their leisure hours, weaved chains, pendants, talismans and presented them to friends in distant countries.

In the XIV century, sailors introduced the art of weaving to the inhabitants of Spain, India and China. In the cathedral in Madrid, drawings of patterns and macrame knots from that time were found.

At the same time macrame became known and popular in Italy. Bedspreads, curtains, clothes were decorated with braided lace.

The first macrame schools were also opened. In Turin, for example, Valentina Cavandoli taught weaving to children aged 5-6. She introduced a new weaving technique, which is now called “cavandoli”.This technique is based on the use of threads of two colors in weaving a rep knot.

Artists also reflected macrame products in their canvases. Sandro Botticelli was one of the first to do this. In The Adoration of the Magi (1476-1477), one of the characters wears a macrame cap.

In the 17th century, macrame from Italy spread to Northern Europe and North America. Then it became very popular in England.

In those days, many women of fashion in Europe adorned their clothes with knotted lace.

The art of weaving at all times was owned by very few masters. They created beautiful patterns of wickerwork: curtains, bedspreads, covers for musical instruments. The lace, which they wove from golden threads, adorned the clothes of the persons of clergy and kingship.

No matter how long the art of weaving was forgotten, it was revived with renewed vigor and not only acquired new features, but also changed its name. At different times, the art of weaving was called: square weaving, knotted lace, Mexican lace, knotted fringe.And only in the 19th century this type of handicraft, craft and art began to be called macrame, Translated from Turkish “macrame” – this is a scarf or napkin with a fringe, in translation from Arabic “migrah” – this is a fringe or scarf, decorated with woven lace.

A new wave of macrame renaissance began in the 19th century. Samples of wickerwork of that time, stored in various museums around the world, are made mainly on the basis of a horizontal knot (rep or double) in all variations: rhombuses, chains, corners, cells.A variety of materials were then used for weaving: silk and cotton threads, silk lace, gold thread, wool.

Since the twenties of our century, macrame has been revived again and comes into fashion. Wickerwork – carpets, napkins, lampshades, screens, and later curtains, flowerpots – began to decorate rooms. Wicker panels began to be combined with weaving. Macrame has found wide application in the creation of items such as a rocking chair, hammock, and gazebo. Now the possibilities of macrame have expanded even more.

Applying, as before, macrame to decorate clothes and interior rooms, it began to be used in the design of public spaces. Thus, in the interior of the Pacmatimas cafe in Kaunas (artist V. Bartkuven), a combination of macrame and weaving was used. There are decorative elements made of rope on the walls. Wicker lamps are successfully combined with the prevailing light brown color of the room. The main design element is the macrame panel.

In one of the Palaces of Culture in Krasnoyarsk, windows are decorated with macrame curtains.

Decorators of the Musical Theater. KS Stanislavsky and VI Nemirovich-Danchenko in Moscow used the macrame technique when designing the performance “Don Quixote”.

In recent years, almost all exhibitions of decorative and applied art in our country have always presented macrame works, made by both professionals and amateur artists. Thus, the tapestry artist T. Myazina showed her work in the macrame technique “Reflection on a Sunflower” (Zonal Exhibition near Moscow, 1980.) and “Birch Grove” (All-Russian exhibition “In the native country”.! 982). These works are imbued with warmth and love for our native land.

Ukrainian artist D. A. Zakharchenko works mainly as a graphic artist, but recently he turned to textiles. Wall decorations, created by him from a simple material – hemp rope, not only decorate and soften the interior, but also bring some kind of originality. DA Zakharchenko designed the stage of the House of Composers in Kiev using macrame technique.

In the works of Baltic masters, wall panels are widely represented, in which elements of geometric ornament are mainly used. When creating their compositions, Baltic artists rely on the traditions of folk art. At the same time, in weaving, they prefer the natural color of hemp, and if they tint the material, then only in deaf and pastel colors. When using macrame to make breast jewelry, Baltic craftsmen often use amber.

The popularity of macrame in our country grew gradually.It began in the seventies in the Baltic States and from there it spread throughout the country.

“Macrame … allows you to express yourself in a variety of ways and outside the box, without copying anyone or anything. The folklore origin is manifested in the ornament and color combinations. Macrame products go well with beads, amber, wood. But these effects should be used carefully, without getting carried away. Here, only good taste and a sense of proportion guarantee success. To decorate the interior and especially for a costume, one must very carefully select the texture and color of the background and pattern, the types of knots, their density and airiness.This is the main feeling of the ensemble. Openwork will not go well with a winter dress made of dense fabric, which will be perfectly combined with plain silk. Or a rope lampshade won’t look good next to expensive heavy draperies. ”

Macrame is gaining more and more fans. Adults and children are fond of weaving. Macrame clubs and studios are organized at the Houses and Palaces of Culture. Knot weaving techniques are studied by children in the classroom at school. They enthusiastically weave beautiful and necessary things.

The popularity of macrame can be easily explained. Products made using the macrame technique are distinguished not only by their strength, but also by their beauty and even grace. Macrame has a wide range of possibilities for the creative expression of personality. You pick up a regular rope, tie the knots and … work a miracle.

Braiding devices.

Some accessories will be needed for weaving.

Semi-soft pillow. To make it, you need to take a piece of foam rubber 40X25X4cm and cover it with a thick soft cloth.It is desirable for the fabric to be of one color. (You can also use the back of an upholstered chair.) The weaving pillow can also be made tilted.

Plank , 30 X 45 cm. It can be cut from plywood or chipboard. On the top right and left, you need to strengthen the hinges. They will be needed in the future to attach the base stick (you will attach the threads to it when weaving).

Clamps. They serve to tension the warp thread. They must be strengthened at the edge of the table not far from each other.

Hooks. When weaving lampshades, flowerpots and other hanging products, it is convenient to hang the work begun on a hook.

Sewing pins with heads, scissors, tape measure, glue (for fabrics): BF-6, PVA, Mars, etc.

Materials for weaving.

You can weave from any thread or rope. It is only important that it is twisted tightly. In this case, the texture of the knot is clearly visible, and the wicker product retains its shape well and looks beautiful.Currently, linen and hemp cord, silk, linen and synthetic cord, as well as curtain cord, cord cord, are used for weaving. fishing, twine, soutache, fishing line – silk twisted, cord, cotton, bulky yarn, threads – harsh, linen, cotton (No. 0), silk, twisted.

Structural details.

Structural details help to maintain the shape of the woven fabric. They are used for weaving lampshades, pots, handbags, shelves, toys and other products.

Metal, plastic and wooden rings of various diameters, wooden strips, sticks, planks, a frame from an old lampshade or table lamp can be useful for work. The buckle from an old watchband can also be used on a new braided strap. And old furniture … You can weave, for example, new seats, chair backs, light armchairs.

Decorative elements.

Wickerwork is often decorated with wooden or ceramic beads, balls, colored threads.The moment of introducing both a decorative and a structural element (shelf, ball, handle, buckle, etc.) into the weaving is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in advance the method of fixing it.

Description of work on the dog.

For work, you will need 170-180 m of rope 3 mm thick, eyes, nose and tongue for the muzzle (you can use buttons).

1. Cut 28 strands 16-22cm long and start braiding at the left ear. Lay one thread on the pillow with an ear-shaped corner (base) and, using method 3, hang 10 threads folded in half: 1 thread at the top of the corner, 5 – on the left edge of the ear, 4 – on the right.Distribute the ends in 4 and, starting from the top of the corner, weave 4 rows of mesh from double flat knots, gradually including in the work 2 free ends from the edges and increasing the number of knots in the rows from 1 to 4. Also weave the right ear, hanging on it top 1 thread, on the left edge 4 threads, and on the right – 5. The distance between the tips of the ears is 17 cm. 8 cm), method 3
hang 6 strands folded in half, 6-6.5 m long.

Next weave 6 more rows of mesh, decreasing each row by 1 knot (from 13 to 8). Then tilt 1 extreme thread (knotted) to the middle at an angle of 45 ° and tie on each rep knot 2 extreme right and left threads from each row of the mesh.After that, weave the next row of 7 flat knots and tie 6 outer threads of this row to the knotted threads. On the remaining 16 threads, weave 4 knots and tie 2 outer threads to the knotted ones. Next, complete 3 mesh knots and tie 2 threads each on the same knotted threads, each performing a triple vertical rep knot.
On the middle 8 threads, weave a mesh of 6 rows, placing the knots in this order: 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1. Then tie 8 threads on the same knotted ones (4 for each) and tie their ends with a rep knot – got a nose.

4. Cheeks do as follows: separate under the ears 12 threads each and weave with double flat knots 10 cm of “fur” fabric, crossing the working threads. The height of the loops is 2 cm.

5. Connect 12 threads from the left cheek, 8 left threads from the left eye _{and weave 5 cm of fur. Do the same on the right.}

6. Body – 20 cm of “fur” fabric (56 threads in work). After that, weave 5-7 cm, laying 4 threads at the edges after each row at once and forming an even edge from them .

1. Leave 20 strands loose in the middle and tie capuchin knots at the ends.

2. Sew on tongue, eyes and nose.

List of used literature

1. Kuzmina M.