Melbourne Central Catholic High School: A Comprehensive Guide to Florida’s Oldest Private Schools

What are the oldest private schools in Florida. How many students attend the largest private schools in Florida. Which private schools in Florida have the longest history. What grades do the oldest private schools in Florida typically serve.

The Historical Legacy of Florida’s Oldest Private Schools

Florida boasts a rich educational heritage, with some of its private schools dating back to the 19th century. These institutions have stood the test of time, providing quality education to generations of students. Let’s explore the oldest private schools in the Sunshine State and their founding dates.

The Pioneers of Private Education in Florida

The oldest private school in Florida was founded in 1866, marking over 150 years of educational excellence. This institution, located in Saint Augustine, serves grades 9-12. Following closely behind are schools established in 1874 and 1876, both of which continue to educate students from prekindergarten through middle school.

• 1866: Saint Augustine, FL – Grades 9-12
• 1874: Pensacola, FL – Grades PK-8
• 1876: Jacksonville, FL – Grades PK-8

Why did these schools emerge during this period? The late 19th century saw a growing demand for quality education in Florida, particularly as the state’s population expanded. These pioneering institutions filled a crucial gap in the educational landscape, offering alternatives to public schooling and often providing faith-based education.

The Turn of the Century: Florida’s Educational Boom

As Florida entered the 20th century, the establishment of private schools accelerated. This period saw the founding of several institutions that continue to shape the state’s educational landscape today.

Notable Schools Founded in the Early 1900s

The early 1900s witnessed a surge in private school foundations across Florida. Some of the notable institutions established during this time include:

• 1907: Pensacola, FL – Grades PK-8
• 1912: Saint Petersburg, FL – Grades K-8
• 1912: Montverde, FL – Grades NS-12
• 1916: Saint Augustine, FL – Grades PK-8
• 1918: Apopka, FL – Grades 9-12

How did these schools contribute to Florida’s educational development? These institutions expanded educational opportunities across the state, offering diverse curricula and often catering to specific communities or educational philosophies. Their establishment reflected the growing importance placed on education in Florida’s rapidly developing urban centers.

The Roaring Twenties: A Golden Age for Private Education in Florida

The 1920s marked a significant period of growth for private education in Florida. This decade saw the establishment of numerous schools that continue to play vital roles in the state’s educational landscape.

Key Institutions Founded in the 1920s

During this vibrant decade, Florida witnessed the birth of several prestigious private schools:

1. 1921: Palm Beach, FL – Grades NS-9
2. 1923: Jacksonville, FL – Grades K-8
3. 1923: West Palm Beach, FL – Grades PK-8
4. 1924: Sarasota, FL – Grades PK-12
5. 1925: Miami, FL – Grades PK-8
6. 1926: Miami, FL – Multiple schools serving various grade ranges

What factors contributed to this boom in private education? The 1920s were a period of economic prosperity and rapid population growth in Florida. This created increased demand for educational options, particularly among affluent families seeking specialized or college-preparatory education for their children.

Grade Ranges and Educational Continuity in Florida’s Oldest Private Schools

An analysis of Florida’s oldest private schools reveals interesting patterns in the grade ranges they serve. Many of these institutions provide education across multiple stages of a student’s academic journey.

Common Grade Configurations

The most common grade configurations among Florida’s oldest private schools include:

• PK-8: Offering education from prekindergarten through middle school
• 9-12: Focusing exclusively on high school education
• PK-12: Providing a continuous educational experience from early childhood through high school graduation

Why do these grade configurations prevail? Schools that offer PK-8 education provide a strong foundation for students before they transition to high school. High schools (9-12) focus on college preparation and specialized curricula. PK-12 schools offer the advantage of a consistent educational philosophy and smooth transitions between academic stages.

The Largest Private Schools in Florida: Enrollment and Impact

While history provides one measure of a school’s significance, enrollment figures offer another perspective on the impact of Florida’s private educational institutions. Let’s examine some of the largest private schools in the state based on student population.

Top 5 Largest Private Schools in Florida

1. Plantation, FL: 2,800 students (Grades PK-12)
2. Fort Lauderdale, FL: 2,161 students (Grades K-12)
3. Fort Lauderdale, FL: 2,108 students (Grades 9-12)
4. Orlando, FL: 1,992 students (Grades NS-12)
5. Fort Lauderdale, FL: 1,818 students (Grades NS-12)

How do these large enrollments impact the educational experience? Schools with high student populations often offer a wider range of academic programs, extracurricular activities, and resources. However, they may also face challenges in maintaining small class sizes and providing individualized attention to students.

Geographical Distribution of Florida’s Private Schools

The locations of Florida’s oldest and largest private schools provide insight into the state’s educational landscape and historical development patterns.

Key Cities and Regions

Several cities and regions stand out as hubs for private education in Florida:

• Miami and South Florida
• Jacksonville
• Tampa and St. Petersburg
• Orlando
• Fort Lauderdale

Why are private schools concentrated in these areas? These cities represent Florida’s major population centers and areas of economic activity. They have historically attracted families seeking diverse educational options and have the financial resources to support private institutions.

The Evolution of Private Education in Florida: From Past to Present

As we examine the history and current state of private education in Florida, it’s clear that these institutions have played a crucial role in shaping the state’s educational landscape.

Adapting to Changing Times

Florida’s private schools have demonstrated remarkable adaptability over the decades. Many of the oldest institutions have successfully modernized their curricula and facilities while maintaining their core values and traditions.

How have these schools evolved to meet contemporary educational needs? Modern private schools in Florida often offer advanced technology integration, diverse extracurricular programs, and specialized academic tracks to prepare students for a rapidly changing world. At the same time, many continue to emphasize character development, community service, and traditional academic excellence.

The Future of Private Education in Florida

As Florida continues to grow and diversify, its private schools are likely to face both challenges and opportunities. Increasing competition from charter schools and online learning platforms may push private institutions to further innovate and differentiate themselves.

What trends might shape the future of private education in Florida? We may see increased emphasis on STEM education, global citizenship programs, and personalized learning approaches. Additionally, private schools may play a growing role in addressing educational equity by expanding scholarship programs and community outreach initiatives.

In conclusion, Florida’s private schools, from the oldest institutions to the largest campuses, represent a vital component of the state’s educational ecosystem. Their rich history, diverse offerings, and ongoing evolution ensure that they will continue to shape the minds of Florida’s youth for generations to come.

Oldest Florida Private Schools By Founding Date (2021)

School

Founding Date

Grades

Location

Founding Date: 1866

Grades: 9-12

155 State Road 207
Saint Augustine, FL 32084
(904) 824-0431

Founding Date: 1874

Grades: PK-8

325 S Navy Blvd
Pensacola, FL 32507
(850) 456-5218

Founding Date: 1876

Grades: PK-8

11600 Old Saint Augustine Road
Jacksonville, FL 32258
(904) 268-6688

Founding Date: 1881

Grades: PK-12

3319 Bayshore Blvd
Tampa, FL 33629
(813) 839-5371

Founding Date: 1884

Grades: PK-8

12155 Joe Herrmann Drive
San Antonio, FL 33576
(352) 588-3041

Founding Date: 1899

Grades: 9-12

4701 N Himes Avenue
Tampa, FL 33614
(813) 877-5344

Founding Date: 1907

Grades: PK-8

1603 N 12th Avenue
Pensacola, FL 32503
(850) 436-6440

Founding Date: 1912

Grades: K-8

6001 7th Ave S
Saint Petersburg, FL 33707
(727) 345-2141

Founding Date: 1912

Grades: NS-12

17235 7th Street
Montverde, FL 34756
(407) 469-2561

Founding Date: 1916

Grades: PK-8

259 Saint George St
Saint Augustine, FL 32084
(904) 824-2861

Founding Date: 1918

Grades: 9-12

500 Education Loop
Apopka, FL 32703
(407) 862-8411

Founding Date: 1919

Grades: K

3111 E Wilder Ave
Tampa, FL 33610
(813) 238-0433

Founding Date: 1921

Grades: NS-9

241 Seaview Avenue
Palm Beach, FL 33480
(561) 832-8815

Founding Date: 1923

Grades: K-8

2431 Atlantic Blvd
Jacksonville, FL 32207
(904) 398-1774

Founding Date: 1923

Grades: PK-8

324 N Olive Ave
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
(561) 832-3676

Founding Date: 1923

Grades: PK-8

2609 Park Street
Jacksonville, FL 32204
(904) 387-2841

Founding Date: 1923

Grades: PK-12

5101 1st Street NE
Saint Petersburg, FL 33703
(727) 456-7511

Founding Date: 1924

Grades: PK-12

444 Reid Street
Sarasota, FL 34242
(941) 554-3400

Founding Date: 1925

Grades: PK-8

807 N Flagler Drive
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
(561) 832-5131

Founding Date: 1925

Grades: PK-8

2701 Indian Mound Trl
Miami, FL 33134
(305) 446-1738

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: PK-8

1600 Sw 57th Avenue
Miami, FL 33155
(305) 266-4666

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: PK-8

12595 Red Road
Miami, FL 33156
(305) 665-3593

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: 9-12

6575 North Kendall Drive
Miami, FL 33156
(305) 666-7937

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: 9-12

8000 SW 56th Street
Miami, FL 33155
(305) 274-9535

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: PK-8

401 S 33rd Street
Fort Pierce, FL 34947
(772) 461-2232

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: PK-8

820 NE 3rd Street
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
(954) 467-7747

Founding Date: 1926

Grades: K-8

3700 Garden Ave
Miami Beach, FL 33140
(305) 534-4616

Founding Date: 1928

Grades: 1-8

412 NW 6th St
Okeechobee, FL 34973
(863) 763-0763

Founding Date: 1928

Grades: PK-8

505 E Ridgewood Street
Orlando, FL 32803
(407) 841-4432

Founding Date: 1930

Grades: PK-8

1900 12th St N
Saint Petersburg, FL 33704
(727) 823-6144

Founding Date: 1931

Grades: 6-12

5020 Fielding Ln
Sarasota, FL 34233
(941) 921-7739

Founding Date: 1933

Grades: K-12

501 Park Street North
Saint Petersburg, FL 33710
(727) 384-5504

Founding Date: 1933

Grades: PK-12

7400 San Jose Blvd
Jacksonville, FL 32217
(904) 256-5255

Founding Date: 1933

Grades: PK-8

12975 Sw 6th St
Miami, FL 33184
(305) 227-1150

Founding Date: 1933

Grades: K-8

110 SW 11th Street
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33315
(954) 463-7471

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Largest Florida Private Schools (2021)

School

# Students

Grades

Location

Students: 2,800

Grades: PK-12

12200 W. Broward Blvd.
Plantation, FL 33325
(954) 472-0022

Students: 2,161

Grades: K-12

150 S. Pine Island Road
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324
(866) 306-0247

Students: 2,108

Grades: 9-12

2801 Sw 12th St
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312
(954) 581-0700

Students: 1,992

Grades: NS-12

901 Highland Ave
Orlando, FL 32803
(407) 206-1900

Students: 1,818

Grades: NS-12

2401 W Cypress Creek Road
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
(954) 905-5100

Students: 1,765

Grades: 9-12

701 Immokalee Dr
Immokalee, FL 34142
(239) 377-1800

Students: 1,726

Grades: PK-12

1501 Ne 62nd St
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334
(954) 492-4135

Students: 1,714

Grades: PK-12

7400 San Jose Blvd
Jacksonville, FL 32217
(904) 256-5255

Students: 1,700

Grades: PK-12

6200 Linton Blvd.
Delray Beach, FL 33484
(561) 495-7272

Students: 1,693

Grades: 9-12

3000 SW 87th Ave
Miami, FL 33165
(305) 223-5650

Students: 1,647

Grades: 9-12

5451 S Flamingo Rd
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33330
(954) 434-8820

Students: 1,547

Grades: PK-12

7600 Lyons Rd.
Pompano Beach, FL 33073
(954) 247-0011

Students: 1,518

Grades: PK-12

6189 Winter Garden-Vineland Rd
Windermere, FL 34786
(407) 905-7737

Students: 1,398

Grades: 6-12

500 Sw 127th Ave
Miami, FL 33184
(786) 621-4043

Students: 1,336

Grades: PK-12

8401 Belvedere Road
West Palm Beach, FL 33411
(561) 686-4244

Students: 1,316

Grades: NS-12

3900 Jog Road
Boca Raton, FL 33434
(561) 210-2020

Students: 1,292

Grades: PK-12

2701 Hodges Blvd
Jacksonville, FL 32224
(904) 223-5270

Students: 1,265

Grades: PK-12

6855 Sw 152nd Street
Miami, FL 33157
(305) 233-2030

Students: 1,250

Grades: NS-12

601 NE 107 St.
Miami, FL 33161
(305) 779-7230

Students: 1,200

Grades: NS-12

800 Hammond Blvd
Jacksonville, FL 32221
(904) 596-2337

Students: 1,194

Grades: 9-12

1055 Kingman Ave
Jacksonville, FL 32207
(904) 398-7545

Students: 1,194

Grades: 9-12

2950 Sw 87th Ave
Miami, FL 33165
(305) 223-5181

Students: 1,175

Grades: 9-12

2900 Ne 47th St
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308
(954) 491-2900

Students: 1,166

Grades: PK-12

19000 Northeast 25th Avenue
Miami, FL 33180
(305) 931-2831

Students: 1,164

Grades: NS-12

17235 7th Street
Montverde, FL 34756
(407) 469-2561

Students: 1,156

Grades: NS-12

4455 Atlantic Blvd
Jacksonville, FL 32207
(904) 396-5751

Students: 1,153

Grades: NS-12

2667 Bruton Blvd
Orlando, FL 32805
(407) 206-8602

Students: 1,134

Grades: 9-12

3901 Edgewater Dr
Orlando, FL 32804
(407) 293-7561

Students: 1,087

Grades: PK-12

4200 Sw 89th Ave
Miami, FL 33165
(305) 226-8152

Students: 1,084

Grades: 6-12

2045 South Bayshore Drive
Miami, FL 33133
(305) 460-8851

Students: 1,081

Grades: NS-12

11000 Ellison Wilson Road
North Palm Beach, FL 33408
(561) 472-3451

Students: 1,072

Grades: PK-12

1111 Forest Park Street
Lakeland, FL 33803
(863) 688-2771

Students: 1,033

Grades: NS-12

1515 W. Bearss Avenue
Tampa, FL 33613
(813) 920-2288

Students: 1,033

Grades: NS-12

8237 Beacon Blvd
Fort Myers, FL 33907
(239) 936-3319

Students: 1,032

Grades: PK-12

2700 Sw 8th St
Miami, FL 33135
(305) 245-5355

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Melbourne Central Catholic High School in Melbourne, FL

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4. Melbourne Central Catholic High School

Melbourne Central Catholic High School Information:

Melbourne Central Catholic High School Enrollment, Ranking, and Statistics

Melbourne Central Catholic High School is a private high school located in Melbourne, FL and has 401 students in grades 9th through 12th.
Melbourne Central Catholic High School is the 119th largest private high school in Florida and the 1,527th largest nationally.
It has a student teacher ratio of 11.0 to 1.

Total Students: 401
Pupil/Teacher Ratio: 11:1
Full Time Teachers: 32

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Melbourne Central Catholic High School Students by Gender

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Melbourne Central Catholic High School Trends Over Time

Total Students Over Time

Student Teacher Ratio Over Time

Compare Melbourne Central Catholic High School to Other High Schools

Student Teacher Ratio Comparison

1,100. 0%	11.0:1
1,636.7%	16.4:1
1,661.3%	16.6:1

School	Type	Grades	Students	Student Teacher Ratio	Distance
Melbourne Central Catholic High School Melbourne, FL	Private	09 – 12	401	11:1
Palm Bay Magnet Senior High School Melbourne, FL	Public	09 – 12	1,570	18:1	1 miles
Stone Magnet Middle School Melbourne, FL	Public	07 – 08	834	17. 7:1	1 miles
Riverdale Country Day School Palm Bay, FL	Public	KG – 12	112	4:1	2 miles
Brevard Christian School West Melbourne, FL	Private	PK – 12	279	16:1	2 miles
Melbourne Senior High School Melbourne, FL	Public	09 – 12	2,226	20. 4:1	3 miles
Central Middle School West Melbourne, FL	Public	07 – 08	1,141	17.6:1	3 miles
Rfm Christian Academy Melbourne, FL	Private	01 – 12	78	13:1	3 miles
Westshore Junior/Senior High School Melbourne, FL	Public	07 – 12	957	17. 7:1	4 miles
Herbert C. Hoover Middle School Indialantic, FL	Public	07 – 08	507	15.8:1	4 miles
West Melbourne Christian Academy Melbourne, FL	Private	KG – 12	104	12:1	4 miles
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Melbourne Central Catholic Baseball Coach For Over 30 Years, Has Amassed Over 550 Wins

TOM DOOLEY WAS INDUCTED INTO THE SPACE COAST SPORTS HALL OF FAME IN 2017

WATCH: With an 11-3 win over the Bayside Bears on Monday, Melbourne Central Catholic baseball coach Tom Dooley notched his 600 career win. Dooley was inducted in the Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame in 2017. (The above video aired in 2017)

BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA – With an 11-3 win over the Bayside Bears on Monday, Melbourne Central Catholic baseball coach Tom Dooley notched his 600 career win.

“We are very fortunate to have the greatest coach for the past 32 years,” said his players and fans on social media.  “It is hard to put into words how much Coach Dooley means to the Hustler Baseball program. Congrats Coach!”

The following tribute was written in 2017 when Dooley was inducted into the Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame:

When Dooley was hired by Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame inductee Mike Riazzi more than 30 years ago to coach the Melbourne Central Catholic baseball team, Ronald Reagan was President and Cal Ripken Jr. was heading to spring training preparing for year five of a consecutive games streak that would go on for 11 more seasons.

Baseball and streaks go hand in hand, and the latest Hustler Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame inductee has several that rival the great ones celebrated throughout the history of Major League Baseball.

Dooley is currently the longest tenured head coach in any high school sport in Brevard county and he’s never missed a day of work at MCC, exceeding Ripken by 14 years and still going.

Raised by a single mom, Dooley’s mother, Francis Belski, was a coal miner’s daughter from a small Pennsylvania mining town where work ethic wasn’t something one developed.

With Tom Dooley at the helm, the Hustlers have now amassed 600 victories. His teams have won an amazing 77 percent of the games Dooley managed during his tenure. This image was part of Dooley’s 2017 Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame tribute.

If you weren’t born with it, working hard every day at whatever you did was a way of life and a character trait that was instilled in you at a very early age.

With Dooley at the helm, the Hustlers have amassed over 530 victories. His teams have won an amazing 77 percent of the games Dooley managed during his tenure.

To put that into perspective, only one manager in Major League Baseball history has ever won more than 60 percent of his games, the great Joe McCarthy.

Under Coach Dooley’s guidance the Hustlers had won more than 50 percent of their playoff games, but, as great as the Hustlers had played during Dooley’s first 24 years, they had yet to win a state title.

That all changed in 2013 when an infield led by the Capra brothers and tough as nails pitching performances from A.J. Smith catapulted the Hustlers and Dooley to the 3A state baseball title.

Under Coach Dooley’s guidance the Hustlers had won more than 50 percent of their playoff games, but, as great as the Hustlers had played during Dooley’s first 24 years, they had yet to win a state title.

CULTURE OF WINNING

Coach Dooley’s culture of winning at MCC is a simple one. Get rid of excuses and just play the game. When succeeding three out of 10 times is considered exceptional, baseball is a game of overcoming failure.

Dooley says there are no excuses for not hustling, dressing properly, being a good teammate, being early, having controlled emotion and having fun. Lastly, everything is “sweat earned.” In other words, he asks his players to work hard but smart on and off the field at all times.

“I ask that they have a great passion and enthusiasm, not just for baseball but life,” Dooley said.

The record and winning percentage speak to MCC baseball culture’s success, but what speaks about the success of the man Dooley is that so many of his players have returned to assist him in coaching for the team they once played.

ABOVE VIDEO: Highlights of the Melbourne Central Catholic Hustlers Class 3A State Semifinal win in 2013. MCC would go onto to capture to state title. 

Currently, three former players are by his side in the dugout helping Dooley coach the Hustlers, including Terry Henderson, who played for Dooley on his first Final Four team in 1994.

He credits so many for his success but points out two coaches in particular that he feels helped shape and mold his style of coaching, Howard May and Dusty Rhodes.

“Coach May is a hall of fame coach that had a huge impact on me,” said Dooley. “He is an even better human being.  His influence on people runs so deep.”

Dooley’s manager in life is his beautiful wife Leslie, whom he says keeps him focused and helps him balance the life of a manager, teacher and husband.

Coach Dooley is not a man that is comfortable with accepting individual awards.

But when you get young men to buy into your philosophy for three decades and win nearly eight out of every 10 times you take the field, there is no doubt he deserves to stand alone and have his picture hang in the Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame.

CLICK HERE TO SEE ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE SPACE COAST SPORTS HALL OF FAME

FOR INFORMATION ABOUT the SPACE COAST SPORTS HALL OF FAME or to make a nomination, call 321-615-8111 or e-mail [email protected]

SPACE COAST DAILY TV: Tim Wakefield talks about his induction into the first class of the Space Coast Sports Hall of Fame in 2012.

Melbourne Central Catholic High School

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6. Melbourne Central Catholic High School in Melbourne, Florida

Popularity:#8 of 19 Private Schools in Melbourne#31 of 61 Private Schools in Brevard County#925 of 1,700 Private Schools in Florida#14,294 in Private Schools

Melbourne Central Catholic High School Contact Information

Address, Phone Number, and Hours for Melbourne Central Catholic High School, a Private School, at East Florida Avenue, Melbourne FL.

057889″ data-lng=”-80.61738″ data-place-id=”ChIJO1wbwhAS3ogR4wR58R770QU” data-address-place-id=”ChIJO1wbwhAS3ogR9P3tGm2SQ6A” data-geomode=”address”>

Name

Melbourne Central Catholic High School

Address

100 East Florida Avenue
Melbourne,
Florida,
32901

Phone

321-727-0793

Hours

Monday 07:00 am – 03:30 pm, Tuesday 07:00 am – 03:30 pm, Wednesday 07:00 am – 03:30 pm, Thursday 07:00 am – 03:30 pm, Friday 07:00 am – 03:30 pm, Saturday Closed, Sunday Closed

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Private Schools Nearby

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About Melbourne Central Catholic High School

Melbourne Central Catholic High School, located in Melbourne, FL, is a private school that operates independently of the Melbourne public school system. Private Schools receive funding through tuition, student fees, and private contributions. The Private School has selective admissions and can choose who to admit as a student.

You may contact Private Schools for questions about:

• Melbourne Private School enrollment and applications
• School tuition, financial aid, and scholarship opportunities
• Melbourne Private School curriculum
• College admission rates
• Brevard County Private School test scores

Melbourne Private School Statistics

Find Melbourne Private School Enrollment and Educational Attainment (Age 25+).
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates.

Melbourne Educational Attainment (Age 25+)

	Melbourne	Brevard County
Less than 9th Grade Education	1,534 (2.6%)	9,988 (2.3%)
9-12th Grade (No Diploma)	3,576 (6.1%)	24,246 (5.7%)
High School Graduate (Including Equivalency)	17,751 (30. 3%)	122,135 (28.6%)

Collier and Lee private high schools happy the league of their own is working

St. John Neumann football coach Damon Jones and Celtics players discuss the 2021 season

The Celtics talked about getting ready for the coming season during the Private 8 Football Media Day held Monday, Aug. 9.

Fort Myers News-Press

The Private 8 Conference was born out of the FHSAA’s reclassification of smaller classes that eliminated districts.

Now the league is entering Year 3, and the schools are glad that they were able to preserve rivalries, especially on the football field, that may have fallen by the wayside without the requirements of a district schedule.

Four of the seven football playing schools were at the Private 8 Media Day at Southwest Florida Christian Academy on Monday. Bishop Verot, Community School, and First Baptist did not attend, and Seacrest Country Day in Naples does not have football.

More: COVID-19 protocols take the North Fort Myers football team off the practice field

More: Fort Myers, South, Estero, Cypress Lake, Bonita Springs highlight Lee County football media day

More: High school football: Community School, First Baptist, MIA, Neumann get started

“Our classification did away with the districts, so now you end up with a scheduling dilemma because you’re not guaranteed any games,” said Neumann coach Damon Jones, who also is the school’s athletic director. “When we formed this Private 8, it gave us an opportunity to help our scheduling across the board, all of the sports. With football, it helped us preserve some rivalry games that may have slipped through the cracks since they weren’t mandated.

“We’re all ‘like’ schools, Lee County, Collier County. It always creates some buzz. The ADs we can work collectively to try to do what’s best for the private schools in our area.”

ECS coach Earnest Graham, the former Mariner, Florida and Tampa Bay Buccaneers star, likes the similarities all of the Private 8 schools have.

“It’s a predominant asset for every program that is involved,” Graham said. “We’re obviously a tight-knit group. Amongst ADs, coaches, players we all have respect because we’re all built similarly and inherit some of the same struggles.”

“It’s cool because you know you get to play people around you, and you’re not playing people far away,” ECS senior Logan Blair said. “There’s more at stake. There’s bragging rights.”

Canterbury School coach Stacy Sizemore, players discuss the 2021 season

The Cougars looked ahead to the coming year during the Private 8 Football Media Day on Monday, Aug. 9.

Fort Myers News-Press

Sizemore getting acclimated back at Canterbury

Stacy Sizemore coached the Cougars in 2015, and then left for stints at Delray Beach-American Heritage, Melbourne Central Catholic and then St. Aloysius in his hometown of Vicksburg, Mississippi, where he was the head coach in 2020.

Sizemore’s father, a former coach, passed away in November at the age of 85, so Sizemore wanted to move back to Florida to be closer to his mother, according to the Vicksburg Post.

So after six years, Sizemore is back, and he likes what he’s seen the Canterbury program become.

“It’s definitely gone in the right direction,” he said. “We’re going to take what they’ve done in years past since I was there last time and just build on it, and just continue to get better every single day. We’re just going to take one day at a time and just do the best we can that day.”

ECS football coach Earnest Graham and players discuss the 2021 season

The Sentinels spoke about the coming season during the Private 8 Media Day on Monday, Aug. 9.

Fort Myers News-Press

ECS still trying to build

Graham has had varying expectations over the previous two seasons. In 2019, transfers like R.J. Rosales from Immokalee and Terry Lindsey from Bishop Verot heightened expectations, but the Sentinels finished just 4-6.

Last year, a young team went 2-8, and coming into this year, ECS lost wide receiver Winston Watkins, who was an eighth-grader but good enough to be picked for the Freshman All-American Game. He transferred to IMG Academy.

“We monitor two things — they know those two things are attitude and effort,” Graham said. “You can’t control everything out on the football field, but those are two things that we can control.

“… We’re a young football team with a small senior group that leads our football team.”

WATCH: Bishop Verot takes the field for midweek practice

The Vikings, who will look to build off a 6-5 campaign in 2020, have a new quarterback and a new head coach leading into this fall.

Alex Martin, Fort Myers News-Press

Bishop Verot excited about young talent

Bishop Verot coach Richie Rode was more than excited about the team he has leading into the season and is pleased with the direction the Vikings are headed going into the season.

“It’s been a good adjustment period, I’ll say that,” Rode said last Thursday. “We still have a lot of work to do. We have to get a lot better, but it has gone smoother than anticipated for four days, for sure. There have been a lot of kids here, good leadership, good buy-in, great staff, and great coaches help make the transition really smooth.”

J.D. Sherrod, who was widely expected to win over the starting job at Verot after transferring from Cypress Lake, made a surprise decision and transferred out of state to Briarcrest Christian in Tennessee. 

Fortunately for Rode and Verot, incoming freshman Carter Smith has impressed in his first few days, displaying a strong arm and showing the ability to throw into coverage. Smith also plays baseball, where he’s ranked as the No. 3 player in the 2025 class by Perfect Game. 

Rode also mentioned that Timmy Lawson has had a good summer at the tight end spot, and would’ve started last year if it weren’t for Carson Powers. The 2020 News-Press All-Area Offense First Teamer caught 33 passes for 497 yards and three touchdowns while helping the Verot rushing attack run for 143 yards per game.

“Obviously Carter and Timmy are two young guys who we’re going to start building a foundation on,” Rode said. “But there’s some older guys who have had great summers here, and have been open to the change and kept working.”

One thing Rode will get to experience for the first time is the ability to play a two-platoon system, with Miami commit Chris Graves serving as the only player that will go both ways this season.

“Being able to platoon I think will allow us a chance to play good defense, play into the second half of some games,” Rode added. “To play a little bit above your head because you’ve got guys that are fresh and with all the technology on the sidelines nowadays, they get a chance to come off and get coached up.”

SFCA football coach Bill Moore, players discuss the 2021 season

The King’s look ahead to the upcoming year during the Private 8 Football Media Day held Monday, Aug. 9.

Fort Myers News-Press

Experienced SFCA out to prove themselves

Head coach Bill Moore enters the 2021 season with a group of seniors that were freshmen in his first year with the King’s.  

“We’ve gotten to the point where we respect ourselves as a football team, so we are not really going out each week to try to earn everybody’s respect, but we want to be viewed as a school that can play football,” Moore said.

The team played eight games last season, winning two, and open this year on the road against Out-of-Door Academy, followed by a trip to Canterbury. Moore views it as a challenge his team is prepared to face.

Moore is looking to see the team’s running game improve, which would complement an experienced offensive line. The team returns 6-foot-3 quarterback Eli Moore and linebacker Curtis West, who could break the school record for tackles this year. 

The defense brings back 10 starters. All four impact seniors who graduated were receivers, which gives the team’s young players an opportunity to step up. 

When Moore started with the King’s in 2018, he had 13 players in the spring. Now, the roster has grown to 36, and it’s a special group for Moore.

“They have really good chemistry with each other too, and that’s really what we’ve spent time building,” he said.

Follow Southwest Florida Sports Writers Alex Martin, Dustin Levy, Adam Fisher, and Greg Hardwig on Twitter: @NP_AlexMartin, @DustinBLevy, @NDN_Adam, and @NDN_GHardwig. For the best sports coverage in Southwest Florida, follow @newspresssports and @ndnprepzone on Instagram.

90,000 Melbourne is … What is Melbourne?

Melbourne (English Melbourne / ˈmɛlbə (r) n /, local pronunciation also [ˈmælbən, -bn̩]) is the second largest city in Australia, the capital of Victoria, located around Port Phillip Bay. The population of the suburbs is about 3.8 million (2007 estimates) ^[1] . Melbourne is the southernmost millionaire city in the world.

The city is considered one of the main commercial, industrial and cultural centers in Australia.Melbourne is also often referred to as the “sports and cultural capital” of the country , as it hosts many of the sporting and cultural events in Australian life ^[2] . The city is famous for its combination of Victorian and modern architecture, numerous parks and gardens, and a diverse and multicultural population. In 1956, Melbourne hosted the Summer Olympics and in 2006 the Commonwealth Games ^[2] . In 1981, the meeting of the heads of state of the British Commonwealth of Nations was held here, and in 2006 – the G20 summit, in which the leaders of nineteen most developed countries took part.In 2011, The Economist magazine named Melbourne the most comfortable city for living on the planet ^[3] by the totality of features.

Melbourne was founded by free settlers in 1835 as an agricultural settlement on the banks of the Yarra River (this happened 47 years after the first European settlement in Australia) ^[4] . Thanks to the gold rush in Victoria, the city quickly became a metropolis and by 1865 became the largest and most important city in Australia ^[5] .But already at the beginning of the XX century, he lost the palm to Sydney ^[6] .

From 1901, when the Federation of Australia was formed, to 1927, when Canberra became the capital of the state, Australian government offices were located in Melbourne. ^[7] .

History

View of Melbourne, 1839.

The original plan of the parliament building in Melbourne (lithograph). Construction began in 1855, but it soon slowed down.As a result, the dome and wings above the reading room were never built.

Lithograph of the Royal Exhibition Center, specially built for the 1880 World’s Fair. Subsequently, several more similar events were held in its building, as well as the opening of the first Australian parliament.

Melbourne map of 1888.

Flinders Street railway station, at the intersection of Flinders Street and Swenston, 1927. During this period, it was the station with the largest number of passengers in the world.Photo of Melbourne and the Yarra River, which was the city’s main transport artery at the time, 1928.

The area adjacent to the Yarra River and Port Phillip Bay, where Melbourne is now located, was inhabited by representatives of the Australian Aboriginal Wurungeri tribe before the arrival of the Europeans. It is believed that the Aborigines have lived in this area for at least 40,000 years ^[4] . The first attempt to establish a European colony here was made by the British in 1803, when they formed a convict settlement in the Sullivan Bay area, but this settlement was abandoned after only a few months ^[8] .

In May and June 1835, the area that now houses the central and northern parts of the city was surveyed by John Batman, one of the founders of the Port Phillip Association, who entered into an agreement with eight chiefs of the Wurungeri tribe to sell 600,000 acres (2,400 km²) of the adjacent land ^[4] . He chose the northern bank of the Yarra for settlement and announced that “a village will be built on this site” , after which he returned to the city of Launceston in Tasmania, then called “Van Diemen’s Land”.However, when the settlers sent by the Association arrived at the site to found the village, they discovered that there was already a settlement formed by a group of people led by John Pascoe Fawckner, who arrived here aboard Enterprise on August 30, 1835. In the end, both groups came to an agreement on joint development of the territory. The treaty that Batman entered into with the Aborigines was soon canceled by the New South Wales administration, which at that time ruled the entire territory of continental Australia ^[4] .This meant that the land became the property of the Crown, but the rights of the people who lived here were secured, and the newly formed city was given the right to exist ^[4] .

In 1836, Governor Burke declared the city the capital of Port Phillip County, part of the New South Wales Colony, and in 1837 approved the first city plan, known as Hoddle Plan . At the end of the same year, the city was given the final name – Melbourne, in honor of the Prime Minister of Great Britain, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, whose family estate was located in the town of Melbourne, Derbyshire, England.Melbourne was declared a city after the announcement of Queen Victoria’s letter of grant ^[9] on June 25, 1847.

When Victoria became an independent colony in 1851, Melbourne became its capital. Since the discovery of gold in the state in the 1850s and the start of the gold rush, the city has grown rapidly, providing the region with everything it needs and serving as the main port of southeast Australia. During the rapid development of Melbourne in the 50s and 60s of the 19th century, many of the most famous city buildings were built, such as: the Victoria Parliament building, the Treasury building, the State Library, the Supreme Court, the university, the central post office, the government building, and Cathedrals of St. Paul and St. Patrick.The city’s central quarters were well planned, with numerous boulevards and gardens and parks laid out in the city. During these years, Melbourne became the main financial center of the country: it houses the headquarters of several of the most important banks. In 1861, Australia’s first stock exchange was established in the city.

By the 80s of the XIX century, the rapid development of Melbourne continued. The city became one of the largest cities in the British Empire, while being considered one of the richest cities in the world ^[10] .During these years of prosperity, Melbourne hosted several international exhibitions at the specially built Exhibition Center. One journalist who visited the city in 1885 called the city “Amazing Melbourne” . This phrase stuck, and the city continues to be called so throughout the 20th century. Rapid urban development led to a boom that culminated in 1888. At this time, real estate prices were fueled by optimistic forecasts of industrial development.As a result, a large number of high-rise buildings, offices, “coffee palaces”, apartment buildings ^[11] were built. Not all of them have survived as a result of the subsequent development of the city, the development of modern high-rise buildings, as well as after the demolition of many buildings of that era due to the tightening of fire safety rules. However, despite this, Melbourne is still famous for its Victorian architecture. This period is also characterized by the extensive development of public transport and, in particular, the radial tramway network ^[9] .

The period of prosperity came to an end when in 1891 a severe economic crisis began in the city, which led the city’s finances to complete chaos ^[11] : during this period 16 small banks and investment communities were closed in Melbourne, and 133 companies announced their liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis triggered an economic crisis throughout Australia that lasted throughout the 90s of the 19th century, as well as the Australian Banking Crisis of 1893.The effect that the depression had on the city’s economy cannot be overestimated. And although the city continued to develop slowly, the consequences of the crisis were felt throughout the first decades of the 20th century.

Since the founding of Australia as an independent state on January 1, 1901, Melbourne has been declared the country’s provisional capital. The first federal parliament began its sessions at the Royal Exhibition Center on May 9, 1901. The Australian government moved to Canberra in 1927, but Melbourne continued to be the seat of the Governor General of Australia until 1930.Many of the most important government institutions remained in Melbourne throughout the 20th century.

The city was the headquarters of the United Allied Forces led by American General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific Theater during World War II from 1942 to 1944. During the war period, Melbourne’s industry received numerous military orders, which turned the city into the main industrial center of Australia. After the war, the city continued to grow at a rapid pace, thanks largely to its skyrocketing immigration, as well as the city’s prestige as the host of the 1956 Summer Olympics.In the following decades, the motorway network was actively developing, and a significant increase in the personal car fleet allowed the development of areas adjacent to the city. Central Melbourne has become more modern thanks to the implementation of numerous projects to modernize urban infrastructure. The beginning of the economic recovery and development of the mining industry in the late 60s and early 70s of the XX century had a beneficial effect on the city. The head offices of many of the largest companies were relocated to Melbourne, as well as the Australian Reserve Bank.The city remained the financial and business capital of Australia until the end of the 70s, after which, however, it gradually ceded its leading position to Sydney ^[12] .

Melbourne’s economy was hit hard during the recession in Victoria between 1989 and 1992. During this period, many of the city’s economic institutions ceased to exist. In 1992, a government coalition headed by Jeff Kennett came to power. The new administration has launched a campaign to revitalize the city’s economy, numerous investment projects have been launched, and a campaign has begun to develop Melbourne as a tourist destination.The city has hosted many world famous festivals and events, such as the Formula 1 stage. Major projects of this period were the reconstruction and construction of the Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Center, Crown Casino, City Link (toll highway, passing through the city center). At the same time, some of Melbourne’s infrastructure was privatized, including electricity and public transport systems, and the funding systems for many public areas, including health and education, were changed.

Since 1997, Melbourne has experienced significant growth in population and jobs. Significant international investments are being made in the development of the city, primarily in the industry and the real estate market. According to 2006 data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne has been ranked among the largest cities in Australia since 2000 in terms of economic growth and population growth ^[13] .

Geography

Topography

Greater Melbourne Map

Melbourne is located on the southeastern tip of the Australian mainland.Geologically, the city stands at the convergence of Quaternary lava fields in the west, Silurian mudstones in the east ^[8] and Holocene sandstone deposits in the southeast along Port Phillip Bay.

East Melbourne is located on the banks of the Yarra River and along its valley, stretching from the coast of Port Phillip Bay to the Dandenong and Yarra Mountains. In a northerly direction, the city stretches along a valley formed by the tributaries of the Yarra (the Mooney Ponds Creek, Merry Creek and Plenty Rivers), and ends in the outlying districts of Craigiburn and Whittlesea.In the south and southeast direction, Melbourne stretches along the coast of Port Phillip Bay and the Dandenong Mountains. The urban areas then turn south following the bay and reach the Patterson River and the Mornington Peninsula. Melbourne, which expanded in this direction, absorbed the city of Frankston and reached almost the very tip of the Mornington Peninsula in the town of Portsay. In the west, Melbourne stretches along the valley of the Maribirnong River and its tributaries all the way to the foot of the Macedon Mountains, as well as relatively flat fields of solidified lava along Melton in the west, Verribee at the foot of the volcanic hills of Yu Yang and Geelong in the southwest.

The largest beaches in Melbourne are located along the shores of Port Phillip Bay along the southeastern districts of the city, such as Port Melbourne, Albert Park, St Kilda, Illwood, Brighton, Sandringham, Menton and Frankston, but also in the western regions of Altona and Williamstown have their own beaches. The nearest surfing beaches are located about 85 kilometers from the city center in the Rai, Sorrento and Portsea areas.

Climate

Melbourne is located in a zone of temperate maritime climate according to the Köppen classification ^[15] and is known for frequent and unexpected changes in weather.This is due to the fact that Melbourne is mainly located on a plain, which on one side is flanked by the Dandenong Mountains, and on the other it is bordered by the waters of Port Phillip Bay. This creates conditions when air masses from the sea and mountains constantly replace each other, making the weather in the city very changeable. The expression “four seasons in one day” has become the hallmark of the city ^[16] .

Winter temperatures in Melbourne tend to be lower than in the rest of the capital cities of mainland Australia.The absolute minimum temperature was recorded in the central part of the city on July 21, 1869, when it was minus 2.8 ° C ^[17] . Snowfalls in Melbourne, however, are extremely rare. The latter was recorded in the city center on August 10, 1986. In the foothills of eastern Melbourne, snow falls more frequently. The last snowfalls in the area of ​​Mount Dandenong were recorded on 10 August 2005 ^[18] , 15 November 2006 and 25 December 2006 ^[19] . Frost and fog are much more common in the city.

Spring weather in Melbourne is generally warm, and this period of the year is characterized by low rainfall. The city is also known for its very hot and dry summers. Temperatures often rise above 40 ° C during this time of the year. The highest temperature of 46.4 ° C was recorded in the city on February 7, 2009.

Despite the fact that the climate of Melbourne is considered moderate, the city often witnessed unusual and sometimes even extreme natural phenomena ^[20] . In 1891, Melbourne experienced a severe flood, during which the Yarra spilled up to 305 meters wide.In 1897, a huge fire destroyed an entire city block between Flinders Street and Flinders Lane, Swanston Street and Elizabeth Street. In 1908, the city experienced intense heat. On February 2, 1918, the worst tornado ever to hit major Australian cities hit Brighton, one of Melbourne’s seaside districts. It became known in modern Australian history as the Brighton tornado, and is rated as an F3 class on the Fujita scale. On January 13, 1939, the city recorded a high temperature of 45.6 ° C, which occurred during the four-day heatwave period observed throughout the country ^[21] .One of the consequences of this phenomenon was the so-called “Black Friday”, during which entire villages surrounding Melbourne were burned out (now they are districts of the city). In 1951, a snowfall was recorded in Melbourne, covering the central part of the city and the surrounding areas with a deep layer of snow ^[17] . In February 1972, a severe flood occurred in Melbourne, as a result of which Elizabeth Street turned into a continuous stream of ^[22] . On February 8, 1983, a dust storm covered the city.On February 16, 1983, Melbourne was surrounded by wildfires, which are considered the most severe fires in the history of Australia in the 20th century. This phenomenon went down in history as the “Ash Wednesday”. Hurricanes of great force were observed in the city in January 2004 and February 2005. On December 9, 2006, due to wildfires around Melbourne, the city experienced the most severe smog in the city’s history ^[23] . At that moment, visibility in the central part of Melbourne was no more than 200 meters. Another drought and associated fires overtook Melbourne in 2008 ^[24] .

Demographics

Modern Melbourne is a multi-ethnic and multicultural community. Nearly a quarter of Victoria’s population is born outside Australia, and Melbourne is home to people from 233 countries who speak 180 languages ​​and practice 116 different religions ^[26] . The city is home to the second largest Asian community in Australia, with the largest Vietnamese, Indian and Sri Lankan communities in the country.

The first people to inhabit the territory of modern Melbourne were the Australian aborigines, in particular, representatives of the Banarong, Wurungeri and Watarong tribes. And now the city is an important center of Aboriginal life. The total number of indigenous people in Australia is more than 20,000 people in Melbourne (0.6% of the city’s population) ^[27] .

The first European inhabitants of the city were English and Irish. They belonged to all the first settlers who arrived in Victoria during the gold rush and made up the majority of immigrants until the outbreak of World War II.The discovery of gold and the beginning of the gold rush in the 50s of the XIX century was the beginning of the rapid development of Melbourne. During the first few months since the discovery of gold in Victoria, the population of Melbourne increased by almost 75%, from 25 thousand to 40 thousand ^[8] . This growth continued unabated over the following decades, and by 1865 Melbourne had overtaken Sydney in population ^[5] . In the following years of the gold rush, large numbers of people from China, Germany and the United States began to arrive in Victoria and Melbourne.

Post-war immigration

Melbourne Chinatown, founded in 1854, is not only one of the oldest in Australia, but throughout the world.

After the end of World War II, an influx of immigrants from Mediterranean countries, mainly from Greece and Italy, as well as from Turkey and Cyprus, poured into Melbourne. According to the 2001 census, there were 151,785 ethnic Greeks in Greater Melbourne. ^[28] . 47% of Australia’s Greek population lives in Melbourne ^[29] .The city is often referred to as “the largest Greek city outside Greece”.

The demographic situation in Melbourne is characterized by a more or less even settlement of representatives of various ethnic groups in the districts of the city, however, in some of them, representatives of certain groups historically have an advantage. It is generally accepted that Italians live in Carlton and Brunswick, Macedonians in Thomastown, Indians and Sri Lankans in the southeastern regions, Greeks in Oakleigh, Northcote and Husdale, Vietnamese in Richmond, Springvale and Footskrai, Maltese to Sunshine, Serbs to St. Albans, Turks to Coburg, Lebanese to Broadmead, Russians to Carnegie, Spaniards to Fitzroy, and North Africans to Flemington.

The number of Melbourne residents who were born outside Australia is 34.8% (the national average is 23.1%). The UK is home to 4.7% of the city’s residents, followed by Italy (2.4%), Greece (1.9%) and China (1.3%).

Religion

The 2006 Census showed that 28.3% of Melbourne’s population (1,018,113) identified themselves as Catholic ^[31] .In second place is the group of the population that recognizes itself as atheists – 20.0% (717,717), followed by Anglicans – 12.1% (433.564), Orthodox – 5.9% (212,887) and representatives of the United Church – 4. 0% (143,552) ^[31] . The total number of people professing Buddhism, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism is 7.5%. Statistically, four out of ten Australian Jews live in Melbourne. The city is also home to the largest number of victims of the Holocaust of any other Australian city ^[32] .

90,088 Population density and growth 90,089

Although the overall demographic situation in Victoria is subject to fluctuations, Melbourne’s statistics offices have noted a steady increase in the city’s population of about 50,000 per year since 2003. Melbourne is currently the main destination for new overseas immigrants, surpassing Sydney. In addition, the city is currently growing at the expense of migrants from other major cities in Australia due to more affordable housing prices and relatively low cost of living ^{[33] [34]} .Over the past several years, population growth in areas of Melbourne such as Melton, Windham and Casey has been the highest among local Australian municipalities. According to forecasts, if population growth continues in Melbourne at the same rate, then the city could again become the largest in Australia by 2028 ^[35] .

The population density of Melbourne began to decline after World War II due to the development of new territories for residential areas, the development of a public transport network and an increase in the fleet of personal vehicles.During these years, the development of the city took place mainly in the eastern direction. After numerous public discussions in the 1980s and the economic downturn of the 1990s, the decision was made to develop the city westward and at the same time increase the population density in the central regions.

City structure and management

Melbourne central districts map. On the north bank of the Yarra, you can clearly see the regular rectangle of streets that make up the Hoddle Plan.

Melbourne was founded on the north bank of the Yarra River in 1835 on an area of ​​1.6 km by 0.8 km.Construction in the city was carried out in accordance with the Hoddle Grid (eng. Hoddle Grid ), developed by Robert Hoddle, the then surveyor of the colony. All major streets in central Melbourne still follow this plan. The city center is known for its historic streets and passages, the most famous of which are Block Place and Royal Arcade, which are home to numerous shops and cafes ^[36] . The central part is replete with numerous historical and architecturally interesting buildings, such as the Royal Exhibition Center, the Victoria Parliament Building, Melbourne Central Hall.And although the place where the construction of the city began is still considered the center, it is not a demographic center due to the fact that in the 20th century Melbourne mainly grew eastward ^[37] .

Melbourne can in many ways be called a typical Australian city, as its development, especially in the 20th century, was determined by the development of residential areas, where the dream of every Australian family of their own separate house with a small plot of land could come true. Most of the Melbourne metropolis is characterized by a relatively low population density.The construction of a network of radial railways and tramways contributed to just such a development of the city, when people preferred to settle in areas with relatively low land prices and near the so-called “transport corridors”.

Due to the huge number of parks, gardens and boulevards, Melbourne is often called the “Garden City”, and Victoria has been known as the “State of Gardens” since the 19th century. Most of the most famous gardens and parks are located in the immediate vicinity of the city center.Melbourne is home to five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is Eureka Tower to date.

Melbourne was ranked three times in 2002 ^[38] , 2004 and 2005 ^[39] according to the Economist study on the most liveable city. This study takes into account indicators such as culture, climate, cost of living, crime rate, health care. In recent years, rapidly rising house prices have pushed Melbourne to the 36th position in the list of the most expensive cities in the world and to the 2nd position among Australian cities ^[40] .

The Melbourne Administration governs the City Center, which includes the Central Business District and some of the surrounding areas. However, the head of administration, the Lord Mayor of Melbourne, is often (especially when traveling overseas) is seen as representing Greater Melbourne, which includes the entire metropolitan area of ​​ ^[41] . In 2006, then Lord Mayor of Melbourne, John So, was awarded the prestigious World Mayor award ^[42] .In 2008, the newly elected Robert Doyle took over this post.

The rest of the Greater Melbourne area is divided into 30 local municipalities. All of them have the status of city administrations, with the exception of four districts, which have the status of suburban ones. Boroughs form councils and are responsible for a variety of functions (which are delegated to them by the Victorian government under Local Government Act 1989 ^[43] ), such as city planning and waste collection.

Most citywide events are hosted by the Victorian Government, which sits at the Victorian Parliament Building on Spring Street. Government responsibilities include: public transport, main roads, traffic management, police, education, urban infrastructure planning and management. Due to the fact that two-thirds of Victoria’s population lives in Melbourne, the state government traditionally has a lot of influence in urban affairs.This situation is not unique to Australia, as in many states, state governments govern even larger metropolises.

Economy

The largest seaport in Australia is located in Melbourne. Its annual turnover is around AUD $ 75 billion. Also, the Melbourne seaport accounts for 39% of the national container turnover ^{[44] [45]} .

Melbourne is home to most of the Australian auto industry, represented by the Ford and Toyota assembly plants and the Holden engine plant.The city is also a base for many other industries, and at the same time is the largest financial and commercial center ^[46] .

Melbourne – the center of modern technology. The computer or information technology industries employ more than 60,000 people, the third highest in Australia. This industry has a turnover of AUD $ 19.8 billion, of which AUD $ 615 million is exported ^[47] .

Melbourne is the largest banking center in the Asia Pacific region.Two of the four banks in Australia’s Big Four, NAB and ANZ, are headquartered in the city. Melbourne is one of the largest cities in Australia in terms of the number of pension funds ^[48] . It houses Australia’s largest pension fund, the Federal Future Fund.

Tourism is currently one of the main sectors of the Melbourne economy. As of 2004, the city was visited by approximately 4.6 million Australian tourists and 1.88 million overseas tourists ^[49] .For the expired period 2008 Melbourne took the palm from Sydney as the main tourist center of Australia ^[50] .

Melbourne is home to many of Australia’s largest corporations, including five in the top ten (by total turnover), namely ANZ, BHP Billiton, National Australia Bank, Rio Tinto and Telstra ^[51] . It is home to the parent institutions of organizations such as the Business Council of Australia and the Australian Council of Trade Unions.

Melbourne is ranked 34th in the list of the world’s 50 largest financial centers according to the Mastercard World Commercial Centers Index and second in Australia, behind only Sydney.

The city is becoming increasingly important as a center for international gatherings and conferences. In February 2006, construction began on the largest convention center with 5,000 seats. The investment cost of the project is estimated at AUD $ 1 billion.

Transport

Flinders Street Station

Bolt Bridge, part of the City Link Toll Road

Melbourne’s transport system is consolidated under a single Metlink brand.It dates back to the second half of the 19th century, when trams and trains were the main means of public transport. Since the 1950s, due to a sharp increase in the number of private cars, roads and highways ^[52] have been built at a rapid pace. This trend continued over the following decades, which led to the fact that the number of people using public transport regularly fell from 25%, as it was in the 1940s, to 9% ^[53] .In 1999, public transport in Melbourne was privatized ^[54] .

The tram network in Melbourne is considered the largest in the world, ^[55] . It is the only tram network in Australia with more than one line. The tram in Melbourne is not only a means of transportation, but also a cultural heritage and an important tourist attraction. There is a free circular route in the central part of the city, mobile restaurants are widespread.

Melbourne’s local train network consists of 17 lines. All of them are radial lines, with the exception of a partially underground ring section that runs through the Central Business District of the city. Railways are mostly electrified. The largest in the city is Flinders Street Station ^{[ source unspecified 491 days ]} . In 1926, this station was considered the largest in the world in terms of the number of passengers ^[56] . Railways connect Melbourne to many cities within Victoria, as well as Sydney and Adelaide.Intercity trains leave from Southern Cross station.

Melbourne’s bus network consists of approximately 300 routes that mainly serve the remote suburbs and fill the gaps between rail and tram lines.

Melbourne is characterized by a high degree of dependence on personal transport: only 7.1% of the population use public transport ^[57] , but recently this share has slightly increased, mainly due to the increased prices for gasoline ^[58] .Melbourne has approximately 3.6 million private cars and 22,320 kilometers of road, one of the highest rates in the world in per capita terms of ^[57] .

The Port of Melbourne is the largest seaport in Australia. In 2007, about 2 million containers were transported through the port in 12 months, which put it in fifth place among the ports of the Southern Hemisphere ^[59] . Melbourne is Australia’s most important cruise port along with Sydney.There are regular ferries from the city connecting mainland Australia and the island of Tasmania.

Aircraft of Qantas and JetStar airlines near the passenger terminal of Melbourne International Airport

Melbourne has four airports. The largest is Melbourne International Airport located in Tullimarine. The airport is home to airlines such as Jetstar Airlines and Tiger Airwais Australia, cargo airlines Australian Air Express and Toll Priority, and a major hub for Qantas and Virgin Blue.Avalon Airport is located between Melbourne and Geelong and is Jetstar’s second home base. In the near future, it is planned to begin international flights from this airport to Kuala Lumpur, which will be operated by AirAsia X. ^[60] In addition, this airport is used by a number of airlines as a transport and repair base. All this makes Melbourne the only Australian city that has two international airports. Moorabbin Airport, located in the southeastern part of the city, is a large center for small aviation and, in addition, accepts a limited number of commercial flights.Essendon Airport, which was Melbourne’s main airport prior to the completion of the Tullimarine airport, now hosts commercial and transport flights, and is also a major center for small aviation. ^[61]

Education and Science

Ormand College (1857), University of Melbourne

The education system in Melbourne, as well as throughout the state of Victoria, is under the control of the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) ^[62] .This organization acts as an advisor to the two Victoria ministries involved in the administration of the education system, namely the Department of Education and the Department of Children and Early Childhood Development.

The education system is built on a three-stage scheme: primary education ( primary school ), secondary education (English secondary schools or English secondary colleges ) and higher education.

School education is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 15.Up to two-thirds of schoolchildren are enrolled in public schools, the rest is in private schools. Education in public schools up to 12 years old is free, but this does not apply to international students. Regardless of which school is studying, public or private, upon graduation, students must have a certain level of knowledge and confirm this by passing uniform exams.

The largest universities in Melbourne and at the same time one of the largest in Australia are the University of Melbourne and Monash University.In 2006, the University of Melbourne was named Australia’s second best university ^[63] . In addition, according to a study by the British magazine The Times Higher Education Supplement , the University of Melbourne is ranked 22nd among the best educational institutions in the world, while Monash University is on the 38th place. In the same study, Melbourne was named the fourth best university city on the planet after London, Boston and Tokyo ^[64] .

The oldest institutions of higher education in Australia are located in Melbourne, including a law school (1857), a technical school (1860), a medical school (1862), a dental school (1897), and a music school (1891).They are all part of the University of Melbourne, which is thus the oldest institution of higher education in Victoria and the second oldest in Australia.

The Australian Space Research Institute was also established in Melbourne in the early 1990s.

The

Academic Year generally lasts in Melbourne, as in all of Victoria, from late January to mid-December for primary and secondary schools and colleges, and from late February to late November for universities.

An important event was the XVIII International Botanical Congress, which was held in Melbourne from July 24 to 30, 2011.More than five thousand scientists took part in its work ^[65] .

Health

The Victorian government operates about 30 public hospitals and hospitals throughout Melbourne, as well as 13 other health care providers ^[66] . In addition, the city has a large number of private clinics and hospitals. Melbourne is the most important center for medical science in Australia.

Culture

The complex of buildings on Federation Square is a great example of modern architecture

Theater building Princess Seat

Melbourne is the cultural and sports capital of Australia.The city hosts a large number of annual cultural events and is home to many of Australia’s largest museums and exhibitions. The local architecture is also unique.

Musical culture has deep roots in the city. Many famous Australian musicians are from Melbourne. In recent years, the city has gained popularity in the world as one of the main centers of street art. This form of contemporary urban art has become so popular in Melbourne that it is reflected in travel guides.The city is considered one of the main world centers of Victorian architecture (1837-1901), which has preserved a large number of buildings of this style. The architectural appearance of the city is also inconceivable without wonderful examples of modern architecture that have appeared in Melbourne since the middle of the 20th century.

Theatrical life in Melbourne is very diverse. The city is home to the National Ballet of Australia. The Royal Melbourne Philharmonic Orchestra was founded in the city in 1853 and is Australia’s oldest professional orchestra and the only one to hold the Royal title.There are more theaters in Melbourne than any other city in Australia. The city is also a major center for Australian fashion. The Melbourne Fashion Festival is held here annually.

Sports

Melbourne Cricket Ground, one of the city’s largest sports facilities

Melbourne is widely recognized as the cultural and sports capital of Australia. It hosts a large number of national and international sports competitions every year. The most significant of them are:

In addition, Melbourne hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and 2006 Commonwealth Games.In 2003, Melbourne hosted the Rugby World Cup; in 2001, Melbourne became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to host the World Polo Championship. In 2007, the city hosted the World Aquatics Championship; in early 2008, Melbourne hosted the Games of the Asia-Pacific Region.

Melbourne is home to Australian football (a game that combines elements of rugby and football) – the most popular sport in Australia in terms of attendance.The city is home to nine of the sixteen teams playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). The AFL Season Finals are considered Australia’s largest domestic sporting event and are held in the city on the last Saturday of September.

There are 29 sports facilities in Melbourne that can accommodate more than 10,000 people each. In 2000, the construction of the largest stadium in the city, Telstra Dom, with a capacity of 56,000 people, was completed. This stadium was the first sports facility in the world to host indoor soccer and cricket matches.

In 2006, London-based research and consultancy Arksport named Melbourne as the world’s best city for sporting events. This allowed Melbourne to be considered the unofficial sports capital of the world. ^[67] .

Media

Melbourne’s largest newspapers are Herald Sun , owned by Rupert Murdoch, and The Age , owned by Fairfax , as well as the evening tabloid mX , which Murdoch also produces.The national newspaper The Australian is published in Melbourne as a special issue for Victoria. This newspaper is also owned by Murdoch. The Murdoch News Group publishes several weekly magazines and owns over 50% of Fairfax, making all Melbourne-based dailies part of the Murdoch empire. Australia’s largest municipal media company, Leader Newspapers , publishes 33 local weekly newspapers that cover the problems of Melbourne’s districts and municipalities.

There are three commercial TV channels in Melbourne: Seven , Nine and Ten , as well as three public ones: ABC , SBS and municipal channel C31 . A large number of radio stations broadcast in Melbourne (the most famous: 3MBS , Triple J , Fox FM , 3AW , SEN 1116 ), which mainly belong to the three main networks of the city: DMG Radio Australia , Austereo and Southern Cross Broadcasting .

Tourism

Tourism is an essential part of Melbourne’s economy. As of 2004, 7.6 million Australian tourists and 1.88 million overseas tourists have visited the city this year ^[68] . Due to the large number of international sports competitions held in the city, sports tourism is widespread here ^[69] . Among the tourists visiting the city, a significant proportion are young people who travel as backpackers.In 2008, Melbourne overtook Sydney for the first time in terms of the amount of money spent in the city by Australian tourists ^[70]

Main Attractions

Royal Exhibition Center

Captain James Cook’s Cottage

View of the southern bank of the Yarra River and the Eureka Tower skyscraper

• The State Library of Victoria is one of the largest libraries in Australia. The library building is an outstanding example of colonial classicism.It is not only a book depository, but at the same time an important center of the city’s cultural life. Many exhibitions, conferences, meetings with writers take place here.
• Flinders Street Station building – located in the very center of the city, the station building is a kind of visiting card of the city. His image can be seen on numerous posters, postcards and icons dedicated to Melbourne. The station is the oldest railway station in Australia and is now listed as a listed building and is under the protection of the Victorian government.
• The Victoria Parliament Building is one of the finest examples of civil architecture not only in Australia but in the world. This building was the seat of the Australian Federal Parliament from 1901 to 1927.
• Royal Exhibition Center – The building is located in Carlton Garden, built in 1880. An excellent example of Victorian architecture. The building was the first in Australia to receive UNESCO World Heritage status. This building hosted the first meeting of the Australian Parliament on May 9, 1901, at which the independence of Australia was proclaimed.
• Captain James Cook’s Cottage is a small stone cottage, formerly owned by the family of Captain James Cook, moved to Melbourne from England in the first half of the 20th century. This building is Australia’s national shrine and the city’s most important tourist attraction.
• Crown Casino is the largest casino and entertainment complex located on the south bank of the Yarra River. “Crown” is one of the “business cards” and main tourist attractions of the city.
• Melbourne Aquarium – located in the heart of the city, on the banks of the Yarra River. Possesses an interesting collection of marine and river life in Australia and adjacent parts of the world’s oceans.
• Melbourne Museum is the largest museum in the Southern Hemisphere. The museum’s expositions are devoted to the history of Australia, Victoria and the city of Melbourne itself. The museum building is an interesting example of modern architecture. In addition to museum expositions, the building houses an auditorium, a theater, and an IMAX cinema.
• The Memorial Monument is one of the largest monuments in Australia to soldiers who participated in all military conflicts in which the country took part. The legendary Mausoleum in Helikarnassus, one of the seven wonders of the world, was used as an idea for the project of the main building.
• Immigration Museum
• Yarra Embankment
• National Gallery of Victoria
• Federation Square is one of the main places of public gatherings and events in the central part of the city. Famous for its modern and largely controversial architecture.There are numerous exhibition premises, cinemas, restaurants, cafes and bars here. The large open space of the square connects the central part of Melbourne, the Yarra waterfront and adjacent parks.
• The Rialto Tower is one of the tallest buildings in the city and in Australia. On the 55th floor of the building, at a height of 234 meters, there is an observation deck, which is considered one of the main attractions of Melbourne.
• Queen Victoria Market is the oldest market located just outside the city center.Along with purely commercial value, it is of great historical and tourist importance. It is one of the most visited places in the city.
• St Paul’s Cathedral is Melbourne’s main Anglican cathedral. It is located in the heart of the city, forming the architectural pivot of central Melbourne. Famous for its organ and the tallest spire of any Anglican church outside England.
• St. Patrick’s Cathedral is the largest Catholic cathedral in the city. It is an outstanding example of the neo-gothic style.The cathedral is the largest church building built in the world in the 19th century.
• Melbourne Arts Center
• Eureka Tower

View of Melbourne at night from the New Docklands

Known City Citizens

Alfred Deakin

Politicians

Businessmen

Athletes

Cultural workers

• Eric Bana – film actor
• Cate Blanchett is a renowned film and theater actress.
• Steve Irwin is a popular Australian naturalist, television journalist and author of numerous wildlife films.
• Marynie Kennedy is an Australian actress.
• Kylie Minogue is an Australian singer, songwriter, and actress.
• Danny Minogue is an Australian singer, actress, songwriter, television personality, and clothing designer.
• Olivia Newton-John – leading Australian actress and singer of the 1970s
• Lisa Gerrard – Australian musician, vocalist and composer
• Flea – bassist for the Red Hot Chili Peppers
• Phil Rudd – drummer for AC / DC
• Chris Chini – guitarist, vocalist, leader of The Living End
• Lee Wannell – writer, actor, best known for the popular Saw franchise
• Jesse Spencer – actor, best known from the TV series Dr. House
• Emily Browning – actress
• Vivian St. James is an actress and dancer.
• Anna Torv is an actress known for the TV series Fringe.
• Ashley Brewer is an actress.
• Andrew Lees is an actor.

Melbourne has six sister cities ^[71] :

• Osaka, Japan 1978
• Tianjin, China, 1980
• Thessaloniki, Greece, 1984
• Boston, USA 1985
• Saint Petersburg, Russia, 1989
• Milan, Italy, 2004

In addition, some city administrations have established sister-city relations with other foreign cities.

Notes

1. ↑ Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2006-07. (English). Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved on February 8, 2010.
2. ↑ ^{1 2} Commonwealth Games Melbourne 2006 (English). Australian Government. Culture and Recreation Portal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
3. ↑ Liveability ranking: Melbourne storm
4. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 . Settlement – foundation and surveying. (English). City of Melbourne. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2010.}
5. ↑ ^{1 2} Fassa, James Jupp. The Snowy Mountains Scheme and Multicultural Australia. (English). Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering .. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on February 8, 2010.
6. ↑ Lee, Robert. Linking a Nation: Australia’s Transport and Communications 1788 – 1970.(English). Australian Government. Australian Heritage Council .. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved on February 8, 2010.
7. ↑ Otto, Kristin. When Melbourne was Australia’s capital city. (English). The University of Melbourne /. (Inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved 8 February 2010.
8. ↑ ^{1 2 3} Button, James. Secrets of a forgotten settlement. (English). The Age (October 4, 2003). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.
9. ↑ ^{1 2} Miles Lewis. Melbourne the city’s history and development. – 2nd edition. – 1995 .– P. 35.
10. ↑ Robert B. Cervero. The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. – Island Press, 1998.- S. 320 .– ISBN 1559635916
11. ↑ ^{1 2} Michael Cannon. The Land Boomers. – New York: Melbourne University Press, Cambridge University Press, 1966.
12. ↑ Tell Melbourne it’s over, we won. (English). Sydney Morning Herald (December 31, 2003). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.
13. ↑ Melbourne’s population booms.(English). The Age (March 24, 2005). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.
14. ↑ Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Climate statistics for Australian locations. (English). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
15. ↑ Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification system // Hydrol.Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss . – No. 4. – P. 439-473.
16. ↑ Welcome to Melbourne – Introduction. (English). City of Melbourne. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
17. ↑ ^{1 2} Snow misses CBD lunch appointment. The Age (August 10, 2005). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
18. ↑ Snow falls in Melbourne. Sydney Morning Herald (August 10, 2005). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
19. ↑ Santa brings snow to Melbourne. Herald Sun (December 25, 2006). (Inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved August 11, 2008.
20. ↑ Melbourne: City of woes. The Age (September 2, 2003). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
21. ↑ Record heat and stupidity as Melbourne swelters. The Age (January 25 2003). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
22. ↑ Melbourne flood – Elizabeth Street, February 1972. The Age. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
23. ↑ Chong, Jordan. Smoke triggers alarm in city. The Age. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
24. ↑ Chong, Jordan. Melbourne sizzles in heatwave. ABC News (Jan 10, 2008). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
25. ↑ 2006 Census Tables: Country of Birth of Person by Year of Arrival in Australia – Melbourne.Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved on April 16, 2008.
26. ↑ Victiorian Cultural Diversity Week. (English)
27. ↑ VicNet – Strategy for Aboriginal Managed Land in Victoria: Draft Report. Part 1-Section 2. (English)
28. ↑ 2001 Social Atlas for Melbourne abs.gov.au
29. ↑ Multicultural communities. Greeks. (English). Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering…. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 7, 2008.
30. ↑ Population Projections, Australia, 2004 to 2101. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved on June 8, 2008.
31. ↑ ^{1 2} 2006 Census QuickStats: Melbourne (Statistical Division). Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
32. ↑ Berman, Judith. Holocaust Remembrance in Australian Jewish Communities, 1945-2000. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
33. ↑ The Resurgence of Marvelous Melbourne Trends in Population Distribution in Victoria, 1991-1996
34. ↑ Article by John O’Leary.Monash University Press
35. ↑ Population pushing Melbourne to top. The Australian (November 12, 2007). (Inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved August 11, 2008.
36. ↑ Freeman-Greene, Suzy. Melbourne’s love affair with lanes. The Age (August 10, 2005). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
37. ↑ Glen Iris still the heart of city’s sprawl.). The Age (August 5, 2002). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
38. ↑ Melbourne, Vancouver top city list. CNN (October 4, 2002). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
39. ↑ City Mayors: Best cities in the world (EIU). City Mayors. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
40. ↑ Cost of living – The world’s most expensive cities. City Mayors. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
41. ↑ Dunstan, David. The evolution of Clown Hall (November 12, 2004). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
42. ↑ World Mayor: The results of World Mayor 2006 (eng.). World Mayor. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
43. ↑ Local Government Act 1989. (English)
44. ↑ Malaysian National News Agency. Port Of Melbourne Sets Shipping Record. (English) (June 13, 2007). Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
45. ↑ The Age. Growth of Australia’s largest port essential.(English). December 18, 2004 . Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
46. ↑ Business Victoria. (English)
47. ↑ Multimedia Victoria. Industry Snapshot. (English) (PDF). (inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved August 22, 2008.
48. ↑ Funds Management Fact Sheet. (English)
49. ↑ Media Release: MINISTER FOR TOURISM. MELBOURNE AIRPORT PASSENGER FIGURES STRONGEST ON RECORD. (English) (July 21, 2004). (inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved August 22, 2008.
50. ↑ The Age. Now Sydney loses its tourism ascendancy. (English) (May 19, 2008). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
51. ↑ BRW 1000
52. ↑ The Age. The cars that ate Melbourne.(English) (14 February 2004). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on September 10, 2008.
53. ↑ The Age. Trial by public transport: why the system is failing. (English). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on September 10, 2008.
54. ↑ The Age. $ 1.2bn sting in the rail. (English) (9 April 2006). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
55. ↑ Investing in Transport (PDF) 69. Victorian Department of Transport. (Inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved November 10, 2010.
56. ↑ Melbourne and scenes in Victoria 1925-1926 from Victorian Government Railways From the National Library of Australia
57. ↑ ^{1 2} Jan Scheurer, Jeff Kenworthy, and Peter Newman. Most Liveable and Best Connected? The Economic Benefits of Investing in Public Transport in Melbourne. (English). (inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved September 10, 2008.
58. ↑ Herald Sun. Still addicted to cars. (English) (10 October 2007). (inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved on September 10, 2008.
59. ↑ Malaysian National News Agency. Port Of Melbourne Sets Shipping Record.(English) (13 June 2007). Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved on September 10, 2008.
60. ↑ Perth shows it has the X factor in the battle to attract low-cost Malaysian airline. The Australian.16 May 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
61. ↑ Essendon Airport. Essendon Airport Pty Ltd. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on November 17, 2008.
62. ↑ Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. About the Department. (English). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.
63. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald. ANU up there with the best. (English) (6 October 2005). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.
64. ↑ RMIT. World’s top university cities revealed. (English) (6 October 2005). (inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved 26 August 2008.
65. ↑ Official site of the XVIII International Botanical Congress (Melbourne, 2011) (English) (Retrieved February 9, 2010)
66. ↑ Victorian Department of Health. Melbourne public hospitals and Metropolitan Health Services. (English). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on August 7, 2008.
67. ↑ We are world’s sports capital. News.com.au . Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2006.
68. ↑ MELBOURNE AIRPORT PASSENGER FIGURES STRONGEST ON RECORD. Media Release: MINISTER FOR TOURISM . www.dpc.vic.gov.au (21 July 2004). (inaccessible link – history ) Retrieved on 18 July 2008.
69. ↑ Now Sydney loses its tourism ascendancy. The Age . theage.com.au (19 May 2008). Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on July 18, 2008.
70. ↑ Now Sydney loses its tourism ascendancy – News – Travel – theage.com.au
71. ↑ Our sister cities. City of Melbourne. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved on February 23, 2012.

Endeavor College of Natural Health

Adelaide is the capital of South Australia.The fifth city in the country in terms of population. It is home to 1.2 million people. The main employers in the city are the health and social support sectors, which outstripped industrial production in terms of the number of employees. A large number of the population is also employed in retail sales. Enterprises related to mechanical engineering, military-technical technologies, high-tech electronics, and the export of goods and services also play an important role in the city’s economy. Nearly half of the cars produced in Australia come off the assembly line at the General Motors plant in the city.It produces 40% of Australian electronics used in medicine, communication devices, defense, automotive and even wine and food production.

How the coastal city of Adelaide attracts a large number of tourists.

A significant part of the urban economy is formed by the universities located here. Adelaide is home to Flinders University of South Australia, the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia.In addition, the city was chosen to host their branches by the American Carnegie Mellon University (Heinz College), and the British University of Cranfield (Military College of Management and Technology) and University College London (Faculty of Energy and Resources).

Gold Coast is a coastal city located in southeastern Queensland. Located 94 km from the state capital of Brisbane. With a population of approximately 540,000, it is the second most populous city in the state, the sixth most populous in the country, and also the most populous provincial city in Australia.
Tourism is the backbone of the urban economy. The Gold Coast receives nearly 10 million tourists a year. The city’s economic base is also shaped by industries related to the sea, education, information technology, food, film production and other creative areas, the environment and sports.
There are 3 universities in the city – Southern Cross University, Bond University and Griffith University.

Brisbane is the capital and most populous city of Queensland and the third most populous in Australia. The city is home to over 2 million people. Brisbane plays a huge role in filling the Australian GDP. From the traditional areas of industry in the city there are oil refineries, pulp and paper, metalworking and railway enterprises. One of the largest ports in the world is located in Brisbane. The modern economy includes information technology, financial services, higher education, government, and tourism.Biotechnology has been actively developing in the city since the late 1990s. Brisbane is one of the main business centers in Australia. Many of the largest national and world companies have opened their headquarters here.

There are 3 universities in the city – Griffith University, Queensland University of Technology and University of Queensland. Brisbane also has branches of the Australian Catholic University, Central Queensland University, James Cook University, University of Southern Queensland, and the University of the Sunshine Coast).

Perth is the capital and largest city of Western Australia and the fourth most populous in Australia. The city is home to almost 1.7 million people. Perth is ranked eighth in the Economist’s ranking of cities best suited for living. The city plays an important role in the national economy. The management companies of the mining industry, represented by the extraction of gold, diamonds and nickel, are concentrated here. Heavy industry is represented by oil refining, rolled steel, energy, alumina and nickel production.

Since the middle of the last century, non-industrial sectors related to servicing the population and business have begun to develop in Perth – finance, banking, information technology, insurance, tourism, education. The magnificent beaches of the Indian Ocean under favorable climatic conditions attract millions of tourists to Perth. There are five universities in the city – the University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Murdoch University, Edith Cowan University and the University of Notre Dame.

Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of Victoria and the second most populous in Australia. The city is home to over 4 million people. The urban economy is represented by the financial and manufacturing sectors, information technology, transport, education and tourism. Five of the ten largest Australian corporations are located in Melbourne. The city has one of the largest ocean ports in the world. The automobile industry is represented by the factories of the Ford and Toyota companies.Melbourne is one of the most important international centers for biotechnology. Information and communication technology companies located in the city employ a third of the total number of employees in this area of ​​the economy in the country.

Melbourne is recognized as the fourth city in the world (after London, Boston and Tokyo). The city is home to the University of Melbourne, Monash University, La Trobe University, RMIT University, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria University, Australian Catholic University and Deakin University.

Sydney is the capital of New South Wales. It is the most populated city in Australia. Population 4.6 million. Sydney is ranked 7th in Asia and 28th globally on the 100 Cities Innovation Index. It is one of the world’s top ten cities with the best living conditions and is recognized as one of the fashion capitals.

Sydney is the financial and economic center of Australia. Its largest economic areas include real estate, business services, retail, healthcare and utilities.Since the 1980s, industrial production has been supplanted by the service and information technology sectors. Sydney is home to the Australian Securities Exchange and the Reserve Bank of Australia, as well as the headquarters of 90 banks, more than half of Australia’s largest companies and the regional headquarters of some 500 multinational corporations. Of the ten largest Australian corporations by income, four have offices in Sydney.

There are 5 universities in Sydney – the University of Sydney, the University of Technology, Sydney, the University of New South Wales, Macquarie University and the University of Western Sydney of Western Sydney, as well as affiliates of the Australian Catholic University, the University of Notre Dame, the University of Wollongong and Curtin University.

A Brief History of the College

Endeavor College of Natural Health (formerly Australian College of Natural Medicine) is a private educational institution. Founded in 1975, the college offers six undergraduate programs in homeopathy, naturopathy, nutrition, acupuncture, herbal medicine and musculoskeletal therapy, as well as diploma and certificate courses in natural medicine.

Providing high standards of education, expanding and improving curricula, Endeavor College of Natural Health has become one of the leading Australian education leaders in the natural medicine sector.Starting with 16 students in 1975, the college has grown and developed to meet the demand for the development of the industry. It is currently the largest natural health college in the Southern Hemisphere with six campuses in major Australian cities. Endeavor College of Natural Health is part of the Endeavor Education Group, which also includes Fitnation, the College of Natural Beauty, and Bay of Plenty College of Homeopathy.

Campus description

The Endeavor College of Natural Health campus in Brisbane occupies a tranquil green space just 2 km from Brisbane’s CBD.It houses modern lecture halls, a library with a wide range of natural medicine texts and periodicals, equipped with Internet access and display of graphics and videos on the screen, a bookstore, a student clinic for natural medicine and a pharmacy, as well as a cafe with organic, vegetarian and gluten-free cuisine. … The Brisbane campus is one of the largest. It has students aged 18-60.

The Gold Coast Campus is located in the heart of Southport, close to public transport links and the area’s popular beaches, shops and restaurants.The campus is small. Its facilities include modern air-conditioned classrooms, a student natural medicine clinic with a pharmacy, and a library with internet access.
The Melbourne campus is located in the city center, opposite Central Station, close to public transport links, and famous shopping districts with restaurants, cinemas and entertainment centers.

The campus is equipped with modern air-conditioned lecture halls, a library with a wide range of natural medicine texts and periodicals with Internet access and display of graphics and video on the screen, and a natural medicine clinic with a pharmacy.The modern and well-equipped Adelaide campus is close to public transport links. It has air-conditioned lecture halls, a new library with a wide range of natural medicine texts, wireless connectivity, and a newly renovated student natural medicine clinic.
The Perth campus is just one kilometer from the city center and is easily accessible by bus or train. The college library has wireless connectivity and workstations for use by a rapidly growing student population.

The Sydney campus is located adjacent to the CBD. It has the same facilities as the other campuses of Endeavor College of Natural Health.

Residence

Family, private dormitories, rented apartment.

Melbourne – Centour.ru

Melbourne is the second largest Australian city and the cultural center of the country. Melbourne is a city full of life.It is here that concerts, sports competitions, Formula 1 races, horse races, tennis tournaments are held. According to The Economist magazine, the city has twice received the title of “Best City to Live in the World”. The assessment was carried out on a variety of criteria, including climate, cultural life, value of goods, safety and more.

Melbourne was founded at the end of the 19th century and even then it was one of the most economically developed and richest cities in the country.Wealth Melbourne provided gold deposits found near the city. Initially, the bulk of the population was represented by British settlers.

During that period, the city became a real stronghold of conservatism. Gradually, in Melbourne there were more and more migrants from other countries, as a result of which the atmosphere became more democratic.

Melbourne is not a typical modern metropolis. Most of the city has one- and two-storey buildings, for which it received the name “big village”.Skyscrapers can be seen only in the downtown area, which is notable for its small area. Here are the headquarters of large corporations – Telstra, National Australia Bank and BHP Billiton, etc.

In Melbourne there are a lot of interesting sights, architectural monuments, museums, galleries. Flinders Street Station – the oldest in the country – has become a real landmark of the city. The buildings of the Parliament of Victoria, the exhibition center, the James Cook cottage, the Catholic cathedrals of St.Paul and St. Patrick and much more.

The Melbourne Museum and the Museum of Immigration are distinguished by unique and very interesting expositions. The Melbourne Aquarium will allow you to get acquainted with the underwater world. Crown Casino will take you into an incredible whirlwind of entertainment.

XVIII International Conference of Students, Postgraduates and Young Scientists “Prospects for the Development of Fundamental Sciences”

Within the framework of the Conference, plenary lectures will be presented to the participants on the following topics (information about the time and place of the lectures will be published in the conference program):

“FOOD OF THE FUTURE AND HEALTHY INNOVATION: Challenges for Basic Science”

Sergey Ivanov, Executive Director of EFKO Group

April 27.9:30 am TSU Scientific Library, Lenin Ave., 34a

Ceramic based additive manufacturing

Nachum Travitzky, Professor, University of Erlangen – Nuremberg, Germany

April 27, 14:00

Diffraction provides the answer to all questions: structure, thermodynamics and kinetics of gas adsorption from synchrotron experiments

Yaroslav Filinchuk, Professor, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

April 28 13:00

Arrays of bimetallic nanoparticles obtained by the block copolymer inverse micelle method

Francisco J.Cadete Santos Aires, Dr., Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon (CNRS / UCBL), France; Professor TSU, Tomsk

Abstract

Chemistry of N, N-dinitriourea and its derivatives

Sergey Gavrilovich Ilyasov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research, IPCET SB RAS, Altai Territory, Biysk

Data on fundamental research on the synthesis of N, N’-dinitriourea and its derivatives are summarized and systematized. The advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to the synthesis of the target product are discussed.The reactivity of N, N’-dinitriourea and its derivatives in nucleophilic substitution, condensation, and complexation reactions is considered. The physicochemical, chemical and explosive properties, spectral studies and X-ray structural analysis of both N, N’-dinitromere itself and its derivatives are presented. The area of ​​application of N, N’-dinitriourea and its derivatives is shown.

NON-STATIONARY PROCESSES IN CATALYSIS AND ADSORPTION

Sergei Ivanovich Reshetnikov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, IC SB RAS, Novosibirsk

One of the promising approaches to the development of new and optimization of existing catalytic and adsorption technologies is their implementation in non-stationary conditions. The lecture discusses the heterogeneous reactions of partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, some oil refining processes and the process of adsorption of water vapor during the drying of industrial gases, carried out in non-stationary conditions.

Magnetoelectric effect and its applications

Surmenev Roman Anatolyevich, d.so-called, Associate Professor, Director of the Research Center “Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials” of the Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies

The report will consider the concept of the magnetoelectric effect, as well as the most promising areas of its application, such as flexible electronics, medicine (targeted delivery of drugs into cells, including for the treatment of cancer; prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as wireless transmission of energy (wireless power transmission), for example, for powering neurostimulators implanted into the human body).Magnetoelectric materials are the basis of various actuators and transducers, which allow you to solve problems that are beyond the power of traditional materials, such as piezoelectric materials. The peculiarities of this relatively new class of materials and devices based on them will also be presented in the framework of the report.

New efficient ways of concentrating and introducing a concentrate of trace impurities in the spectral analysis of high-purity substances and functional materials

Tsygankova Alfiya Rafaelevna, Ph.Doctor of Chemistry, Senior Scientist from the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry named after V.I. A.V. Nikolaev SB RAS, senior lecturer Department of Analytical Chemistry, FEN NSU

The report will consider two aspects that can significantly reduce the detection limits of analytes in the analysis by modern multielement methods:

Seamless multi-scale atmospheric modeling (R. Nuterman, A. Mahura, A. Baklanov)

Roman Nuterman, PhD, Research coordinator, Faculty of Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Extreme Fires and Dynamic Fire Behaviours. New Challenges

Alexander I.Filkov, Senior Research Fellow, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences,
Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia

Abstract

A technique for increasing the resolution of seismic data based on convolutional neural networks

Tatiana Makeeva, Eco-Tomsk LLC, senior programmer-analyst, Tomsk

Seismic surveys provide important information about the structure of the field, but at the same time they have a rather low resolution.Resolution characterizes how thin layers of rocks we can distinguish in the data obtained. Since at present the development of fields is carried out mainly in thin-layered media, the issue of increasing the resolution of seismic data is becoming more and more urgent. The lecture will discuss a method for increasing the resolution of seismic data by processing the time-frequency spectrum of the signal using a trained convolutional neural network.

Liposomal carrier for antioxidants to protect against ROS

Betina Pajaziti, Dr., PhD in Pharmacy at the Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology under supervision of Prof. Martina Dufer, Study Director in non-clinical toxicology and safety assessment in a global Clinical Research Organization (CRO) in Munster

Targeted delivery of nanoscale systems

Pershina Alexandra Gennadievna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Center for Biological Research and Bioengineering, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk

The problem of targeted delivery is one of the leading problems in the transition to personalized medicine.The primary task for the implementation of the leading achievements in the field of creating new specific diagnostic agents, innovative drugs, genome editing systems and nanomachines in practical health care is to develop an approach for the effective delivery of this nanoscale system to the area of ​​interest (pathological focus). The report will present modern data on the behavior of nanoparticles in vivo, consider factors that reduce the efficiency of targeted accumulation of nanoparticles, and discuss approaches to overcoming existing biological barriers and increasing the efficiency of targeted delivery.The role of long non-coding RNAs in the functioning of the nervous system

Kukharskiy Mikhail Sergeevich, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General and Cell Biology, MBF, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogova, Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Genetic Modeling of Neurodegenerative Processes, IPAE RAS

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the least studied part of the genetic apparatus of eukaryotic cells, which has recently attracted special attention of researchers.The reason for this increased interest was the emergence of a large amount of data on the participation of lncRNA in numerous intracellular processes. According to modern concepts, lncRNAs play the role of functional regulators and are often the basis for the assembly of macromolecular complexes involved in fine regulation of gene activity. Disturbances in the work of a number of lncRNAs are associated with the development of pathological conditions of the nervous system, including neurodegenerative and mental diseases. One of the actively studied lncRNAs in this regard is Neat1, changes in the expression of which are found in dementia, schizophrenia, and epilepsy.At the same time, it is not completely clear whether Neat1 and other lncRNAs play a damaging or protective role in the development of diseases of the nervous system, as well as what their normal physiological significance is in the functioning of the brain.

The role of alpha-synuclein protein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

Ovchinnikov Ruslan Konstantinovich, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General and Cell Biology, MBF, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogova, Researcher, Laboratory for Genetic Modeling of Neurodegenerative Processes, IPAE RAS

A key event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is damage to the nigrostrial system due to the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.At the same time, characteristic pathological inclusions are found in damaged neurons – Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, the main component of which is the aggregated protein alpha-synuclein. In addition, over the past 20 years, a significant number of mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene associated with the development of mainly familial forms of PD have been described. This clearly indicates that the development of dysfunction of the alpha-synuclein protein is the central molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of PD and other diseases that are combined into the group of synucleinopathies.Alpha-synuclein is involved in all stages of neurotransmitter metabolism, and its normal functioning is especially important for ensuring dopamine transmission. At the same time, the results of experiments on cell cultures and genetically modified animals are contradictory: for example, the deficiency of alpha synuclein and an increased level of its expression in a number of studies did not lead to significant visible changes, which dictates the need to use new approaches to the study of disorders of alpha-synuclein metabolism.The lecture will discuss the latest data on the normal functions of alpha-synuclein, the mechanisms for the development of its failure, and consider the main directions in which the molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis are being studied.

Neurogenesis in the Simulation of Multiple Sclerosis in Animals

Pischelko Anna Olegovna, candidate of biological sciences, senior researcher NI TSU

The Cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis is widely applicable in small laboratory animal studies.The lecture examines the features of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in demyelination caused by cuprizone and subsequent remyelination. Along with the traditional methods of immunohistochemistry, this study used a method based on magnetic resonance imaging – the MPF method, which makes it possible to assess the amount of myelin in the white and gray matter of the brain.

Master class “How to start investing? Practical aspects and client cases ”

Mikhail Yakovlevich Steinbock, Ph.so-called, independent financial advisor

April 27 14: 00-15: 00 in building 31 of TSU (12 Ushaiki River Embankment).

Monetary policy of the Bank of Russia

Evgeniya Anatolyevna Trautman, Ph.D., Head of the Tomsk Region Branch of the Siberian Main Directorate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

April 28 14: 00-14: 45 in building 31 of TSU (12 Ushaiki River Embankment).

Photonic Monolithic Integrated Circuits in Advanced Fiber Optic Communication Systems and Radiophotonics

Arykov Vadim Stanislavovich, Ph.so-called, VNS Laboratory of Integral Optics and Radiophotonics, dept. FE, TUSUR

The active use of cloud technologies, ultra-high-definition interactive television, social networks and instant messengers has led to the intensive development of fiber-optic communication lines and multichannel transmission methods. In the field of radar for various applications, a transition to the next generation of radars using radio photonics is planned. Modern and promising FOCL devices and elements of radio-photonic paths are based on the use of photonic monolithic integrated circuits.

Algorithms for analyzing the frequency of the main tone of vocal performance

Alexey Yakimuk, Ph.D., Laboratory of Safe Biomedical Technologies, CTB KIBEVS

The main tone contains information about the intonation structure of pronunciation, the individuality of the speaker’s voice and his emotional state, age-related and pathological changes in the vocal apparatus. The systems that identify the played note are based on algorithms for calculating the frequency of the main tone.Existing algorithms do not allow calculating the value of the fundamental frequency in a vocal performance with high accuracy due to the presence of a high percentage of gross errors in them and are limited by a narrow spectrum of covered frequencies. The presence of such restrictions makes the existing solutions for identifying notes in the task of teaching vocal using software inapplicable.

Modification of the mathematical model of the human auditory system became the solution for the indicated problems. The algorithm for identifying the frequencies of the fundamental tone, based on the original model, had a low error in the range from 70 to 400 Hz.The modified model of the human auditory system is distinguished by taking into account the possibility of setting the boundaries for determining the frequencies of the fundamental tone, which makes it possible to automate the generation of sets of patterns for the frequencies under study. The results obtained for the identification of frequencies showed high accuracy in the range from 70 to 800 Hz inclusive.

Knowledge of the values ​​of the frequencies of the fundamental tone at each moment of time made it possible to recognize the notes sung by the speaker in the specified frequency range. The developed algorithm identifies the segments corresponding to the notes by frequencies, and then filters out the side ones in order to highlight the sung notes.As a minimum measure of the difference in the algorithm, the minimum duration of the sounding of a note was taken into account. The algorithms were tested on collected audio recordings. It was determined that when singing arpeggio, crescendo and decrescendo, there is no effect on the quality of the algorithms in the software package. The absence of influence on the quality of identification of notes lies in the fact that the algorithm takes into account only the frequency of the fundamental tone during the analysis.

Contact information:

Russia, 634050, g.Tomsk, Lenin Avenue 30, TPU

Irina Kurzina

Voronova Gulnara Alfridovna,

Chistyakova Nadezhda Vladimirovna,

, tel .: + 7-903-951-4554

Kurzina Irina Aleksandrovna,

Kazantseva Lyudmila Alekseevna, tel .: + 7-923-414-81-91

Semenov Mikhail Evgenievich,

, tel .: + 7-903-952-24-93

Rybalkina Olga Yurievna,

Ilyina Tatiana Gennadievna,

, tel .: + 7-913-811-44-54

Alexey Steshenko,

, tel.: + 7-909-539-66-43

Medovnik Alexander Vladimirovich,

Klimov Alexander Sergeevich,

, tel .: + 7-905-990-52-41

Kubritskaya Svetlana Andreevna,
tel .: + 7-903-954-88-71

Irina Dmitrievna Verevkina,

, tel .: + 7-903-951-88-39

Stoyak Yulia Alexandrovna,

, tel .: + 7-961-892-18-71

Elena Pechurkina,

, tel .: +7 (3822) 783-732

Syusyukina Vladislava Alexandrovna,

, tel .: +7 (3822) 785-621, + 7-913-866-08-56

Alexey Steshenko,

, tel.: + 7-909-539-66-43

Irina Dmitrievna Verevkina,

, tel .: + 7-903-951-88-39

Melbourne – the city of trams and skyscrapers, a review from the tourist Maksim_Starostin on Turistern.Ru

I came to Melbourne from Canberra on a Greyhound overnight bus. After a sleepless night, I was terribly sleepy. Buses in Melbourne arrive at the bus station adjacent to the Southern Cross train station. The hotel I have booked near the train station, and therefore is called appropriately – The Great Southern.The hotel is not cheap – about $ 90 per night – but I specifically wanted to stay here, because I was going to leave very early the next day from here to the airport.

Usually, hotels are settled from 2 pm, but sometimes it is possible to check in earlier. I decided to ask, can they settle me right in the morning, albeit for an additional fee? – No, – they say, – there are no vacant rooms and will be only at two o’clock, as it should be. Well, that means we’ll have to go for a walk right now.I asked them – can you at least leave your things with you? – You can, – they answer, – pay two dollars. This is the first time I meet such a redneck hotel, where they take money for storing the luggage of their own guests.

So, this is the view that opens up before a tourist who is in Melbourne for the first time. This is Melbourne downtown located on the south bank of the Yarra River. There is a railway along the northern bank connecting two stations – Southern Cross and Flinders Street Station. Traffic along it, as you can see, is quite lively!

At the Flinders Street station, preparations are already in full force to celebrate Christmas, although only on November 14th.

The station is, of course, incredibly beautiful

The station building with a large dome and clock was built in 1905-1910. Since then, among the Melbourne people there has been an expression – “to meet under the clock.” By the way, pay attention, in addition to large clocks above the entrance, there are also several small ones, they show how much time is left before the trains leave from each platform.

The station overlooks the Federation Square – the main square of the city.Or, to be more precise, the station faces an intersection, and the square is called the large pedestrian zone on the other side of St Kilda Road.

Around the pedestrian zone are scattered several shapeless buildings in a modern style, where all kinds of art galleries are located, where artists exhibit their installations and conduct performances 🙂

The façade of the Anglican Cathedral of St. Paul also goes out here. The cathedral itself was consecrated in 1891, and the spiers, as often happened in Australia, were installed only in 1926.And the truth is, they even have a different color.

Another block along Flinders Street – and here’s another masterpiece. This Moorish-style building is the Forum Theater, built in 1929. At the time, it was the largest auditorium in Australia with a capacity of 3,300.

Trains leaving Flinders Street Station dive underground and, passing under Federation Square, jump up here. It is very convenient to observe them from the bridge on Batman Ave. In general, the railway traffic is very intense, suburban trains run here almost without interruption.

The view of downtown also opens from here. The blue skyscraper dominating it is the Eureka Tower. We will return there.

Melbourne is also famous for being a city of trams. Nowhere else are there as many tram lines as here. Previously, like St. Petersburg was in first place, but now, after many lines were closed there, Melbourne is in first place.

On the streets of Melbourne, there are a lot of different models of trams, both modern and quite venerable.

Here, for example, a modern one. The side lettering reads “Made in Melbourne for Melbourne.”

This is an older model. By the way, interesting. Before the trip, I read that there is only one free tram in Melbourne, this one is No. 35. However, on the spot, I learned that all trams are free here, but only as long as they travel along the central rectangle between the South Cross station and Fitzroy Garden Park.

Here, by the way, is the park itself.The last line of skyscrapers – and the green zone begins.

Conservatory. What, I wonder, is there inside?

And that’s what, just flowers and plants.

And this is the house of Captain James Cook, the same one. Built in 1755, this is the oldest house in Australia. Dates don’t agree? Then Melbourne was not yet? Everything is correct. In fact, it was the home of Cook’s parents and originally stood in England, in Yorkshire. However, in 1934, the then owner decided to sell the house, though he set a condition – he must stay in England.But at the auction the most money – £ 800 – was offered by Australian businessman Russell Grimwade. The owner was persuaded to rewrite his will, replacing “stay in England” with “stay in the Empire.” Then the buyer dismantled the house brick by brick and sent it to Australia, where it was reassembled. Now there is a museum of the famous navigator.

But they don’t like cyclists in the park. And if they see, they are given a penalty 🙂

You can also see trees wrapped in gray plastic in the park.Guess what it’s done for?

And here’s why. Possums have bred in the park. There is a lot of food, no one hunts them, and they themselves ate all the trees. Here’s what to do with them? It is impossible to kill animals in politically correct Australia, so they came up with the idea of ​​wrapping trees so that possums could not get to the branches.

And from the park I walked towards another grandiose cathedral, but this time Catholic – St. Patrick.

It is so big and stands so uncomfortable that it does not fit into the frame 🙂

Tianjin Park is named after the sister city of Melbourne from China.In theory, somewhere there should be a park of St. Petersburg 🙂

Crossing Victoria Street. And here is another old model tram.

And then we find ourselves in the Carlton Gardens park, in the center of which is the Royal Exhibition Pavilion. The building was built in 1880 to host an international exhibition. Then, however, it turned out to be abandoned and barely escaped demolition. But what is surprising is that in 2004 the pavilion was included in the UNESCO list as one of the few surviving exhibition buildings of the 19th century.The Anglo-Saxons know how to reward themselves. As for me, it’s nothing special, you never know such palaces all over the world, what now, to add everything to the UNESCO list? 🙂

But here I am again walking down Victoria Street

A grim building across the street is Old Melbourne Gaol. The prison was built in the 1840s according to the then fashionable “Pentonville scheme”, invented in the United States, when criminals are placed in solitary confinement so that instead of having fun with other prisoners, they sit and think over their sins.The system turned out to be quite brutal, many prisoners went crazy with such a regime.

The famous Australian bandit Ned Kelly became the most famous prisoner in the prison. Together with his accomplices, he robbed banks and post offices, for which he was loved by the common people. For many years, the police tried unsuccessfully to catch him. In 1878, Sergeant Kennedy and three constables ambushed Ned Kelly. But the resourceful criminal managed to escape by shooting three police officers.It is said that the 36 kg armor he wore saved him from bullets. Below is a scan from World Pathfinder No. 14-2007.

In 1880, Ned Kelly and his gang grew bold enough that they took over the town of Glenrowen with the railway station. But a whole train full of policemen came to the aid of the residents taken hostage. The shooting continued all night, and at last the seriously wounded criminal was captured. The court sentenced him to death. On November 11, 1880, Ned Kelly was hanged in this prison.

Now there is a museum in the prison. I stood here in this courtyard for a while and thought whether I wanted to go inside or not. In the end, I decided not to go. Although I have just read that thrill seekers can organize a special experience there for themselves – you come to prison, and there you are “formalized” in conditions as close as possible to “combat”. Of course, they won’t beat, but everything else is guaranteed 🙂

Interestingly, almost all of the buildings around the prison belong to RMIT – the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.And in this photo there is a sign in the back, where there is something about graduates.

Then I just received an SMS from friends who flew yesterday from Sydney to New Zealand and were going to take a car there –

Not a country, but J. There is rubbish everywhere. They didn’t give me a car, they made me pay a million to translate the rights from Estonian into English.

But in a couple of days I also had to take a car, but in Australia. Will they?

And this is probably the most unusual skyscraper in Melbourne – Abode318, formerly known as Barton Tower.Its height, however, is only 187 meters, but appreciate the shape 🙂

And ahead, behind the tram, is the Victoria State Library

At the entrance to the library there is such an installation

Another tram

Street Artists

Melbourne City Hall

And in the distance, behind the tram, appeared the very Cathedral of St. Paul, from which the walk began.

St.Paul and a modern low-floor tram. Well, right close to the asphalt rides, even surprising.

And the route for today turned out to be something like this –

I got on the tram outside Flinders Street Station and drove back to the hotel. Having settled in where, I found that its layout continues the prison theme that had been started shortly before 🙂

And about how I was looking for the Eureka Tower and tried to shoot a panorama of Melbourne, I will probably tell you next time 🙂

90,000 Longines news and events – horse-racing – all – 600-news-hh-sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-endurance-cup-1% 3fp% 3d7

06/19/2021

Horse Racing

This week the world’s best horses and jockeys have gathered at Ascot Racecourse in the UK to take part in the most prestigious Royal Ascot races and inscribe their names in the history of the famous competition.The Swiss House of Longines, a dedicated equestrian fanatic, is honored to take part in the renowned horse races as Official Partner, Timekeeper and Watch Brand. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Longines provided support by ensuring the safety of each team and participants, strictly following the safety precautions and health guidelines at the event.

On Tuesday June 15th and Wednesday June 16th, the best horses and jockeys competed for the two most coveted prizes, demonstrating incredible passion, precision and determination.Following the triumph of the Berkshire Shadow horse at Coventry Stakes, Longines presented an elegant Longines watch to horse owner Paul Spickett, trainer Andrew Balding and jockey Oisin Murphy. The next day, the House of Longines also showed support to the leaders by awarding an elegant Longines watch to jockey William Buick, trainer Charlie Appleby and owner of the Godolphin of Kemari horse, winner of Queen’s Vase. HRH The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall have joined the jubilant spectators in an exciting race filled with ‘ passion, courage and steadfastness.% break% Longines is proud to present an official Royal Ascot watch that matches the level of the event: this is a stainless steel model set with diamonds from the DolceVita collection. The collection’s elegance and watchmaking excellence is emphasized by diamonds and soft geometric lines. The rectangular case with a silver-colored “flinquéé” engraved dial features a quartz movement of uncompromising quality, created for the true watchmaking connoisseur.

90,000 Tours to Melbourne with Russian speaking guide – Australiaoceaniatravel Tours to Australia

Melbourne melbourne)

Wonderful Melbourne
The city was founded in 1835, when two businessmen from Tasmania bought more than 202 thousandhectares of land on the shores of Port Phillip Bay. Just sixteen years later, an extremely important event took place, to which the city owes its rapid development: rich gold deposits were discovered near Ballarat, Bendigo and Castlemaine. In the 1850s, a huge stream of immigrants rushed to Melbourne, eager to get rich in the mines of Victoria. On the crest of the golden boom, up to 2,000 people a week arrived in the city.

Unprecedented enthusiasm and enormous wealth in the hands of prospectors and resellers made it possible by 1861 to rebuild a luxurious city with grandiose architectural structures.A happy continuation in the history of the city was the land boom of the 1880s, during which it was given the name “Wonderful Melbourne”. At the end of the 19th century, it held a leading position in the country in terms of industrial production and finances, rivaling its main competitor – Sydney. Today, yielding to Sydney in terms of population, Melbourne rightfully claims the status of the country’s cultural center and the best city to live in.

Melbourne’s aristocratic profile is reflected in Australia’s richest Victorian architecture, major sporting events, and important arts and cultural events.This largest metropolis with a population of 4.0 million is full of arts festivals, fine restaurants and cafes. The most ambitious races in the country are held here – for the Melbourne Cup; the Australian open tennis championship is held; is home to most of the professional football clubs, the Grand Rugby League final is played, and the Olympic Park is home to international and national athletic competitions. New Federation Square, opened in 2002 for the centenary of the Australian Federation, hosts over 2,000 cultural events annually.Its architectural center is a covered space with a unique geometric design – the Atrium. The plaza also houses the Ian Potter Center, with the world’s first gallery dedicated exclusively to Australian art. Nearby is the Australian Animation and Film Center, which houses two multi-format cinemas and the world’s largest on-screen gallery.

Melbourne Gardens and Parks
Once in Melbourne, be sure to visit the luxurious city gardens – public or private, most of which were created in the 19th century.Public gardens have surrounded the city center, attracting thousands of tourists every day with their grace. The most outstanding piece of landscape art is the Queen Victoria Gardens, created over a century ago as the backdrop for the statue of the Queen, which is still surrounded by a cloud of magnificent roses today.
The local population, for the most part, leads an active lifestyle, which is why many of the city’s gardens are equipped with everything necessary for playing sports. The most popular place for the concentration of sports grounds is Yarra Park, which was built in 1856 and initially served only an aesthetic function.Today, sports competitions of a fairly high level are held here, in particular, the open national tennis championship. Fans of football and athletics prefer to spend their time in Princes Park, on the territory of which, in addition to specialized grounds, there is a “Health and Leisure Center”.
Botanical Gardens and King’s Domain, two of these amazing gardens, adjoining each other, make up the flourishing heart of the city where there was once a swamp.The unique landscape design, made in traditional English style, and the most valuable plant collection attracts aesthetes from all over the world to the Melbourne Botanical Garden. King’s Domain, originally a natural vegetation site, is today a picturesque parkland. Year after year, in parallel with the development of the park, its civic significance also grew – sculptures and monuments were erected on the territory of King’s Domain, and cultural zones were actively developed. The top of the hill was adorned with the governor’s residence.
The dominant center of the Botanical Garden in Melbourne is undoubtedly the snow-white Government House, made in a unique Italian style. It is noteworthy that all government premises can be visited as part of an excursion.
On the territory of the park, according to the canons of English landscape design, there is a decorative reservoir – William Guilfoyle Lake. Among other attractions of the garden, it is also worth noting the Sydney Music Mier Bowl, designed for 15,000 spectators, on the territory of which open-air concerts are held.

Swanston Street
One of the central and vital streets of Melbourne, stretching from north to south from La Trobe Street to Flinders Street, is Swanston Street, established in the first third of the nineteenth century – an example of the beautiful Victorian style of architecture.
It is allowed to walk slowly along it on foot until seven in the evening. You can start your trip by leaving your car in the parking lot at the north end at the corner of La Trobe Street, from the Victoria State Library, which was built in 1854 by the architect Joseph Reed.Then, heading south towards the Yarra River, turn right and enjoy the contemplation of the Church of St. Francis (1841-1845), the oldest Catholic church in all of Australia with a huge number of parishioners. Continuing along Elizabeth Street and without turning anywhere, you will see the heart of the city – the General Post Office, opened in 1841, and has a very extravagant appearance. From here it is a stone’s throw to the amazing Royal Arcade – the oldest covered system of passages (1869), with the famous statues of Gog and Magog.The cascade of arcades is continued by the chic Quarter Arcade, built in 1891-1893, which has a mosaic floor, unique decorative elements and is famous for the fact that members of high society of the late 19th century loved to walk along it.
After exiting the passage and turning left, we return to the original route on Swanston Street, and can admire the Melbourne City Hall, which retains both the original coat of arms of the city (whale, ship, bull and sheep), and its later modification.A little further inland, at the corner of Collins Street, is the more modern (1929) building of the Regent Theater, the most popular in its time, with a dramatic history of its development. After a fire in 1945, the building was restored as soon as possible, and already in 1947 the premiere of the performance was shown here in the newly rebuilt auditorium. After a television boom, during which the theater was closed for thirty years, it reopened to the public in 1996.
The final chord of our short journey of about 1800 m is the Cathedral of St. Paul, which combines in its interior an altar of Italian marble, a Lewis & Company organ, and a set of 13 bells.

Yarra River
The Yarra River divides Melbourne into two parts – South and North, giving the city a unique flavor with parks, gardens, sports facilities, arts and culture centers along it. Several bridges have been thrown across the river, including a pedestrian one.
If earlier, since the founding of the city in 1835, the river served as a dividing strip not only between parts of the city, but also between segments of the population, now, after restoration and restoration work at the end of the 20th century, both banks of the river organically connect the south and north.
The unique Polly Woodside Maritime Museum, which is the rarest sailing ship of 1885 and the Melbourne Exhibition Center, which hosts numerous exhibitions of the latest achievements of technology and technology, located on one side of the river, organically fit into the landscape of the opposite bank with the largest scientific conference center in the Southern Hemisphere …
Melbourne provides excellent cycling opportunities. Of particular interest is the 19 km Yarra cycle path, which starts in the heart of the city from Flinders Street Station and ends at Firefield Station.Walking up the river through the fashionable districts of the city and the magnificent parkland with picnic and sports corners, it has exceptionally picturesque views that are conducive to relaxation.
The National Gallery of Victoria, together with the Melbourne Concert Hall and Theater, as well as the 115-meter spire, one of the symbols of Melbourne, represent a symbiosis of all types of arts, including opera, pop culture, television and rock music. A splendid collection of works by Australian artists, complemented by a collection of works by the world’s greatest artists, surpasses the collection of the National Gallery in Canberra.
Opposite the Arts Center and the gallery are striking gardens of striking scale and luxury: Alexandra Garden, Kings Domain, Queen Victoria Garden, Royal Botanic Gardens. Their green areas are interspersed with man-made lakes, creating a unique flavor against the backdrop of the skyscrapers of the business part of the city. The Botanical Garden, in addition to the world’s largest collection of plant species, is famous for its landscaping.
Not forgotten and the animal world, presented in the Melbourne Aquarium, also located on the river embankment.Here, in the 2.2 million liter aquarium, the most exotic deep-sea inhabitants are kept – sharks and rays, which change the color of fish.

Parliament District
Historical evidence of Melbourne as the former capital of Australia from 1901-1927 is the imposing Houses of Parliament built in the eastern part of the city on a hill in the middle of the 19th century. On the lower slopes of the hill in the 1850s, Fitzroy Gardens were established with magnificent alleys of elms, plane trees and blue eucalyptus trees, in projection resembling the shape of the Union Jack flag.The entire area is one of the finest examples of the Victorian era – its elegant gold rush buildings are rightfully one of the most impressive in Melbourne.
In the garden there is Cook’s cottage, brought here from Yorkshire in 1933 (in honor of the centenary of Melbourne), the exhibits of which convey the life of the 18th century good old England, tell about the captain himself, his family and parents. The townspeople love to have picnics here and enjoy the unique aroma of flower beds, and employees love to stroll around at lunchtime.
Not far from Fitzroy Gardens is St. Patrick’s Cathedral, built in 1858-1897, and is one of the best representatives of the neo-Gothic style. The cathedral was attended by Pope Paul VI (1970) and Pope John Paul II (1986).
Around the same time as the Cathedral, the Treasury was designed to store gold by a young nineteen-year-old prodigy architect, which now houses the city’s museum. The museum exhibits show Melbourne’s stunning rise from a small town to a magnificent metropolis, harmoniously combining natural and man-made landscapes.A number of exhibitions are held here annually, acquainting visitors with the latest in art and architecture.