Flight Time from Los Angeles, CA to Amman, Jordan
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Flying time from Los Angeles, CA to Amman, Jordan
The total flight duration from Los Angeles, CA to Amman, Jordan is 15 hours, 41 minutes.
This assumes an average flight speed for a commercial airliner of 500 mph, which is equivalent to 805 km/h or 434 knots. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on wind speeds.
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time for the plane to taxi between the gate and the airport runway.
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The calculation of flight time is based on the straight line distance from Los Angeles, CA to Amman, Jordan (“as the crow flies”), which is about 7,592 miles or 12 218 kilometers.
Your trip begins in Los Angeles, California.
It ends in Amman, Jordan.
Your flight direction from Los Angeles, CA to Amman, Jordan is Northeast (23 degrees from North).
The flight time calculator measures the average flight duration between points. It uses the great circle formula to compute the travel mileage.
Amman, Jordan
City:Country: Jordan
Category: cities
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Cheap Flights from Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to Amman (AMM) 2021 ✈ from US$706
Airlines marked with the “Flexibooking” tag can allow date changes without charging processing fees. Occasionally policies will vary and actual policies and charges are subject to the final decision of the airline.
>>>>>Los Angeles International Airport to Amman flightCheap Flights from Los Angeles International Airport to Amman
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Prices shown are for 1 adult ticket including taxes & fees. (As ticket fares can change frequently, these advertised prices are for reference only. The actual prices will be shown at time of booking.)
FAQs for Los Angeles International Airport to Flights
Below are some common questions asked about this flight route:
When is peak season for travel to Amman?
The peak travel time for visiting Amman is August. During this time, flights from Los Angeles International Airport to Amman are the most expensive. Cheap tickets can still be booked on Trip.com.
How many airports are there in Amman (AMM)?
What is the transportation method from the main airport to downtown in Amman?
- The distance from Queen Alia International Airport to downtown is about 25km, by taxi about 40 minutes.
What are some travel guidelines for Amman during the COVID19 pandemic?
Entry restrictions and flight schedule changes and cancellations are frequently updated and subject to change.If you plan to travel to Amman, please obtain the most updated information from the airline you plan to book your travels with. You can also refer to COVID19 Country/Region Entry Restrictions for more information.
Which airlines offer free date changes for flights to this city during the COVID19 pandemic?
There are no airlines with flights to this city that provide this service. Please use this information as a reference only and confirm with the airline prior to booking.
Flights to Amman (AMM) – Book Amman Flights
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Jordan Johnson – Lacrosse – University of Colorado Athletics
WHIDDEN ON JOHNSON: Jordan will be a great addition to our midfield. She is solid on both ends of the field and brings that consistency you look for in midfielder. She is athletic, has speed, and so much potential to impact on both ends of the field. We are excited to have her join our program and cannot wait to work with her this fall.HIGH SCHOOL: A 2020 graduate of Rumson Fair Regional High School…played midfield on the lacrosse team for four seasons and was named a team captain as a senior…recorded 95 points, 57 goals, 38 assists, 54 groundballs and 82 draw controls…member of the 2017, ’18 and ‘19 Shore Conference Tournament Championship team as well as the 2017 and ’18 Central Group II Sectional Championship team…named first-team All-Shore, first-team Class B North and third team all-state after her junior season where she recorded 30 goals and 21 assists…named a top 75 Sophomore and top 50 junior in NJ for Lacrosse…high school team has won 121 straight Shore Conference games…member of the National Honor Society…named a Gold and Silver Award recipient and to the APP All-Decade Team (honorable mention)…named the 2020 NJSIAA Scholar-Athlete of the Year for her high school… was also recruited by Ohio State, Jacksonville, Villanova, Rutgers, Monmouth, Bucknell and Richmond…chose CU because she felt at home and love the team, coaches and campus.

IN THE CLASSROOM: Intends to major in integrative physiology.
PERSONAL: Born Jordan Johnson in Red Bank, N.J….comes from a family of athletes…her father, Jim, played football and baseball at McDaniel College…older brother Jeremy played lacrosse at Elizabethtown College…another older brother, Justin, played football at Wesleyan University…hobbies include art, skiing, surfing and baking…favorite foods are steak and ice cream.
Jordan Burke on How He Became a Great Lacrosse Goalie
Any way you slice it Jordan Burke has had a tremendous career as a lacrosse goalie.
He attended Brown University where he dominated. As a senior at Brown in 2009 he was a finalist for NCAA lacrosse’s version of the Heisman Trophy, the Tewaaraton Trophy. That same year he won USILA Goalie of the Year and was a 1st team All-American.
As a junior he was ranked #1 in save percentage and #2 nationally in goals-against average. He’s the only 2-time Ivy League player of the year in conference history, winning that award in back to back years.
“Brown Lacrosse has been blessed throughout its 60-year history to have many outstanding goalies standing in as the last line of defense. But no one did more for Brown than Jordan Burke,” said Brown University Head Coach Lars Tiffany.
After Brown his success carried over into lacrosse’s ultimate level, the MLL where he was selected in the 2nd round of the 2009 MLL draft by the Boston Cannons. He is the Boston Cannons all-time leader in games played in goal, wins, saves, and was the 2011 Championship Weekend MVP. In 2011, Burke led MLL with seven wins and a 61.5% save percentage. Just recently Jordan Burke announced his retirement from the MLL.
Basically when I write about emulating the great lacrosse goalies in our game, Jordan Burke is one of them.
Below is an interview with Jordan Burke compiled from various places from around the internets including this post, this post, and this post.
Interview with MLL goalie Jordan Burke
What is a typical game-day routine like for you? Any superstitions?
I’ve tried to tone down on superstitions over the years. Goalies always have a few quirks though. I normally don’t shave during the week until after the game.
What are some unconventional methods you use to prepare for a lacrosse season?
I rely heavily on yoga for flexibility, its a requisite trait of good goalies. Sometimes you’re moving across the goal and the ball can move from one side of the field to another in the blink of an eye. You find yourself lunging over to the other side of the net to try to make a save.
I stay in shape by running at least three times a week and keep up my core strength through yoga and by lifting weights. Three miles is a typical run for me, though sometimes I extend it to eight to 10 miles.
In the winter months, I play in a Boston-area men’s hockey league to keep my reflexes sharp.
Being active and playing other sports helps so much, whether it’s hockey or pickup basketball. Those quick muscle reflexes are hard to work in the weight room or through running.
What were some of the things that drew you to commit to playing lacrosse at Brown?
The school, first and foremost.
I always give young players going through the recruiting process this piece of advice: Choose a place where you’d be happy being every day even if you suffered an injury and weren’t able to play lacrosse anymore.
Brown is a great place both for lacrosse and academically. Once I came and visited campus and got to meet the guys on the team, it was an easy decision for me.
Jordan, I am a goalie and have watched some of your games. I was wondering why do you play with such a high arc? Should I play with a high arc?
A lot of goalies play with different style arcs. In high school I played with a really high arc, but I’ve worked on staying back more in college. Now I use a flatter arc.
You’ve got a few IAC (Interstate Athletic Conference) guys on the roster at Brown. How often do the results of those games come up in conversation? I’m guessing you heard from the Albans kids after they won the IAC a couple years ago. Also, did you really play intramural ice hockey for four years at Brown?
Yeah, its nice to have a bunch of IAC guys here. But I live with them, and I definitely hear it from them whenever they beat Bullis.
St. Albans winning the IAC a few years ago resulted in a lot of S-T-A! chants. I’m just waiting to get back at them. And yes, I played IM hockey and Club Hockey here for four years. It was too tough for me to give up on the sport that I loved first.
Coach Damon – Yet again another example of how playing multiple sports increases lacrosse abilities.
How important is flow?
Haha, I think flow is an essential part of the game. You have to have at least a few guys on your team with nice flow in order for your opponent to take you seriously. Mine isn’t great, but defenseman Peter Fallon has first team All-American flow.
Coach Damon – If you have no idea what flow is, you’ll want to checkout my quick guide to lacrosse slang. Then get busy working on your flow.
You are such a great goalie, but I heard you were a better baseball player. How did you discover lacrosse, and why did you start playing goalie?
I’d have to give credit to Duke Dman Tom Clute. He persuaded me to come out and play goalie for the middle school lacrosse team.
I’m actually not even sure why I said yes…his wonderful golden lax flow was pretty convincing at the time.
I am thinking about switching to goalie, but am worried I might not be able to take some of the shots. What is the hardest you have ever been hit with a ball and who shot it? Ever bend a face mask?
Don’t worry, you’ll be fine. After you get hit in one spot, it doesn’t hurt the next time. I’m not sure what the hardest shot thats hit me was.
In high school I had a bruise from a couple shots from my chest to my elbow. And I did have one shot bend my face mask. I had to hammer it back into place at halftime.
Coach Damon – I’d add that as a goalie you eventually stop fearing the ball. Each time you get hit, especially in a game, its usually a feeling a joy because that means you just made a save. Games bring out the adrenaline. After you’ve been playing goalie for a while if you still fear the ball, perhaps this position is not for you. Lacrosse goalies have a screw loose for a reason.
What’s your stick setup?
My current goalie stick setup is this:
- Head: Warrior Nemesis 2
- Shaft: Warrior Kryptolyte Goalie Shaft
- Mesh: 20 Diamond Goalie Mesh with a V shooting string and another normal shooting string above that
- Shaft Length: Just slightly longer than attack shaft
Checkout Jordan Burke in action:
By 2019, this figure reached 92.4% of GDP and continued to grow.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
However, the country is still in a critical state of budget deficit.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
The efforts of the state and joint work with specialists from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are aimed at reducing these indicators.From 2014 to 2017, they managed to decrease from 10% of GDP to 2.5% of GDP, respectively.
At the same time, unemployment is growing from year to year. If in 2018 its indicator was 18.3%, then in 2019 it increased to 19%. The coronavirus epidemic only accelerated the emerging negative dynamics, and over the year the unemployment rate increased by another 3%.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
Over the past few years, employment has declined more and more.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
The increase in the number of unemployed affects internal stability and often leads to public unrest, meetings, demonstrations.Many qualified specialists are forced to leave the country.
Education in the oil industry has become popular in Jordan, which opens the way for the young generation to enter the enterprises of the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC), as they willingly hire foreign specialists.
This circumstance, as a result, makes the country, not rich in oil enterprises, dependent on the situation on the world black gold market – most of Jordan’s GDP is made up of remittances from emigrants working abroad.
Promising industries in Jordan
Service and tourism
Today, about two-thirds of Jordan’s GDP is occupied by the service sector, the most important direction of which is tourism. Monuments of the ancient architecture of the Nabataean civilization, Greece (the period of the conquests of Alexander the Great) and the Roman Empire have been preserved on the territory of the country.
Sights are of interest to tourists from all over the world. In addition, Jordan has a mild Mediterranean climate. Taken together, all this attracts Europeans and residents of the Gulf countries.However, there are difficulties here: the already identified security problems negatively affect the tourism business. In addition, the spread of coronavirus infection in the past year has led to the almost complete isolation of the country.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
After the epidemiological situation improved, Jordan was one of the first to reopen its borders to tourists.
Financial services
Jordan is actively developing banking activities, which attracts foreigners.The largest banks in the country offer clients an increase in their assets by 10-13% annually. However, there are not many contributions, especially from foreigners. The instability of the economy scares off many foreign investors who prefer more stable investments of their funds.
Digital Economy and Innovation
Currently Amman pays special attention to providing its highly qualified compatriots with jobs at home and the development of human capital.The state encourages the creation of new business incubators and venture capital funds, and the number of innovative start-ups in the country is one of the largest in the world.
The American analytical portal The Heritage Foundation ranked Jordan 53rd in the ranking of economic freedom. This is a moderate figure for the whole world, but not bad for the Arab countries.
Industrial zones
There are 13 strategic industrial zones in the country. They are notable for the fact that goods created by businessmen from different countries are exempted from quotas and tariffs there.
These types of projects provide residents with new jobs, increase trade between countries and attract new investors. The share of these zones in the industry of the state is more than 80%.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
Resources Available
The country has vast deposits of phosphates and potash salt, which make up a significant portion of Jordan’s exports. In addition, Amman plans to start producing shale oil (its reserves in the country are estimated at about 40 billion tons), which is already negotiating with foreign companies.However, the process of field development has not actually started.
Exports
Jordan’s difficult situation makes it vital to find new trading partners and develop exports.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
So, since 2004, the country joined the Agadir Agreement with Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt, and in 2016 received preferential treatment in trade with the EU. The Europeans, along with Saudi Arabia, China and the United States, are Jordan’s main trading partners.
The search for new countries for cooperation, especially on favorable terms, is one of the main priorities of the policy of this Middle Eastern state. But now imports still exceed exports.
Federal News Agency & nbsp / & nbsp
Results
Jordan’s dependence on external partners certainly negatively affected it during the coronavirus pandemic. Aid from other countries decreased significantly, and the most developed sectors of the economy were paralyzed due to the lack of tourists.
Economic problems have become pathological, and the unemployment rate is steadily increasing. Despite this, the state is still pursuing a course towards the development of national human capital and guarantees citizens with high qualifications to work at home, although the percentage of such specialists is small on the scale of the entire population of the country. How to survive in this situation for citizens who do not have the proper level of education is not clear.
Meanwhile, the development of modern technologies and the policy of Amman regarding economic zones in the country make it attractive for investors who want to set up their enterprises in the Middle East and are not afraid of instability in the region. However, new industries are unlikely to be energy-intensive (due to high costs) or agriculture-related (due to water scarcity).
Such a situation in the long term may lead to a complete decline of unprofitable sectors of the economy, the development of which will be possible only on condition of subsidies and financing from the state.
90,000 Uruguay defeated Jordan and virtually guaranteed itself a ticket to the World Cup – Rossiyskaya GazetaYesterday, the first play-off matches of the intercontinental round of the 2014 World Cup qualifying round took place.
At the time of signing of the “RG” issue for printing, the result of the Mexico – New Zealand duel was not known. And a little earlier in Amman, the Jordan national team hosted the Uruguay team. If for the home team getting into play-offs was the best result in history, then in South America the participation of two-time world champions in the playoffs was called a shame.
Oscar Tabares’ charges took only fifth place out of nine in the South American zone and miraculously caught on the joints.
Before traveling to Jordan, Tabares urged the players and Celeste fans to treat the Jordanian national team with due respect.
“There can be no underestimation, because it can have catastrophic consequences for us,” Tabares said.
Supported by the coach and 34-year-old striker of the Brazilian “Internationale” and the national team of Uruguay Diego Forlán. “We have no right to miss the World Cup. We will not be forgiven for this at home, and we ourselves will not be able to consider ourselves professionals if we allow such a weak opponent to pass further,” said the 2010 World Cup best player.
Diego did not get into the starting lineup and until the 81st minute watched what was happening on the field from the bench.However, even without Diego, the Uruguayans coped with the task perfectly.
South Americans from the first minutes owned the initiative and deservedly opened the scoring in the 22nd minute. After the transfer of Edison Cavani, Maxi Pereira hit the empty net of Mohamed Shatnavi – 1: 0. The second ball in the gates of Jordan was in the 42nd minute. Distinguished by Christian Stuani – 2: 0.
In the second half, Nicolas Lodeiro, Christian Rodriguez and Edison Cavani brought the score to a devastating 5: 0.
The return match, which has essentially become a mere formality, will take place in Montevideo on 20 November.
And tomorrow eight teams will start fighting for the four remaining tickets to Brazil from Europe. On November 15 and 19 the following pairs will play: Ukraine – France, Portugal – Sweden, Iceland – Croatia and Greece – Romania. Bookmakers are actively accepting bets on upcoming junctions and have already decided on the favorites. So, in the pair Portugal – Sweden, the advantage in the first game is given to Ronaldo & Co. – a bet of 1 to 1.8 is accepted on the victory of the Portuguese, and 1 to 3.3 on a draw.
In the meeting Greece – Romania for the victory of the Hellenes in the home game, the rate is 1: 1.8 against 4.3 for the opponent. Iceland, which for the first time in its history has a real chance to go to the World Cup, most likely will not jump over its head – the rate on the victory of the islanders in the first game with the Croats 1 to 3.4 against 1 to 2 from the opponent. In the Ukraine-France confrontation, the bets are 1 to 2.5 on the victory of the Ukrainians, 1 to 3 on the draw, and 1 to 2.5 on the victory of the French.
Matches between the Portuguese and the Swedes, the European press has already dubbed a duel between the contenders for the title of the best player in the world, Cristiano Ronaldo and Zlatan Ibrahimovic.
The Portuguese, despite the fact that he missed several training sessions of the national team due to a recurrent leg injury, dreams of helping his team go to the World Cup:
– It would be grossly unfair if we ended up overboard in the world championship. As for our rivals, the Swedes, led by Ibrahimovic, can relax – we will go to Brazil!
A tough response from Ibrahimovic followed immediately:
– Everyone writes and says that Portugal is the favorite. Let them write and let them speak. The Portuguese will have to reckon with our opinion, and I don’t care who will play against us, Ronaldo or anyone else.
As for the Ukraine – Sweden match, the “zhovto-blakitnykh” got unpleasant news from FIFA. The International Football Federation refused to cancel yellow cards for the Ukrainian national team players before the play-offs.
According to the current rules, cards “burn out” only before the World Cup, and it is prohibited to cancel twice in one qualifying campaign.
Thus, if a yellow card is received on November 15, ten players of the Ukrainian team risk missing the return match against the French – Yaroslav Rakitsky, Anatoly Tymoshchuk, Nikolai Morozyuk, Ruslan Rotan, Yevgeny Seleznev, Yevhen Konoplyanka, Artem Fedetsky, Edmar, Marko Devich and Oleg Gusev.
meanwhile
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) President John Fahey suggested that the lack of modern medical laboratories in Brazil during the 2014 World Cup will not be a problem for FIFA, according to The Washington Post.
As a reminder, WADA has revoked the accreditation of the laboratory currently operating in Brazil. However, it will not be possible to create a new one before the start of the FIFA World Cup. FIFA plans to send doping samples from Brazil to Switzerland for verification.
90,000 Global optimism is steadily declining, while in Russia there is weak growth in hope2019-12-30
37% of respondents around the world are optimistic about the coming 2020. Every fourth inhabitant of the Earth (25%) is pessimistic about the new year.31% do not expect any major changes. Thus, the global optimism index turned out to be 12 pp, which is the lowest indicator over the past seven years. The Russians, on the contrary, turned out to be more optimistic: 25% of the optimists versus 23% of the pessimists, which ultimately gives a positive value of the index of 2 pp. These are the results of a global survey conducted by the Association of Independent Research Agencies Gallup International in 46 countries of the world, including Russia and the post-Soviet space, where the exclusive representative of the network is the research holding Romir.
The international association of independent research agencies Gallup International, in the framework of the annual global survey “End of the Year”, asked respondents around the world the traditional question about their expectations for the coming year: what will 2020 be better, worse or the same as the previous one. In November-December, more than 45 thousand people in 46 countries of the world answered the questions of researchers, whose opinion can actually be extrapolated to all inhabitants of the Earth.
So, more than a third of the world’s inhabitants (37%) hope that the new year will be better than the outgoing one.A quarter of the respondents (25%) adhere to the opposite point of view. Slightly less than a third of the respondents (31%) do not expect any special changes in the coming year. And 7% found it difficult to answer. Thus, the optimism index for 2020, which is calculated by subtracting negative answers from positive ones, amounted to 12 pp, which is lower than the results of the last two years, when the optimism index dropped to 15-16 pp. after significantly higher rates in the previous three years (see Bar chart 1). The highest indicator of the optimism index was noted in Peru (62 p.p.), Albania and Nigeria (61 p.p.). The countries that turned out to be the most pessimistic for the coming year were Lebanon (-71 pp), Hong Kong (-55 pp) and Jordan (-53 pp).
Histogram 1. Optimism index in Russia and in the world.
Source: Gallup International , December 2019
In Russia, the level of optimism of residents for the first time showed positive dynamics after a three-year decline (see.Histogram 1). Over the year, the number of optimists among Russians has slightly increased – from 23% last year to 25% this year, which became the basis for the start of growth. That is, the number of Russians who believe that the new year will be better than the outgoing year is 2 pp. exceeds the share of pessimists. Our compatriots began to note positive changes in the life of the country, which are returning hope for the first time after a difficult 2015.
Research holding Romir, as the exclusive representative of Gallup International in Ukraine, also conducted a survey of the residents of this country on the topic of optimism.It turned out that every fourth Ukrainian hopes for the best in the coming year – 42%. And with a pessimistic attitude, 17% of respondents meet 2020. A neutral answer – that is, the new year is expected to be neither better nor worse than the outgoing one – was indicated by 26% of the respondents. Thus, the optimism index in Ukraine is 25 pp. against 4 p.p. a year earlier. With the coming to power of the new president, the inhabitants of the country enter the new year with hope.
Returning to the situation with the mood of the inhabitants of the Earth (see.Map 1), it is worth noting the traditionally higher level of optimism in developing countries: Peru (62 pp), Albania (61 pp), Nigeria (61 pp), Kazakhstan (60 pp) , Armenia (55 pp), Kosovo (50 pp). In turn, Lebanon (-71 pp), Hong Kong (-55 pp), Jordan (-53 pp), Italy (-48 pp) are in despondency. In general, residents of India (42 pp), European countries outside the EU (30 pp), Latin America (26 pp) and the United States (23 pp) are more optimistic. Among European countries, Italy continues to lose ground on the issue of optimism (-48 p.NS.). Great Britain and France managed to get out of the minus zone, although not very high (3 pp and 0 pp, respectively).
Map 1. Map of the correlation between the level of optimism and the size of GDP per capita.
Source: Gallup International , December 2019
President Romir, Vice President Gallup International Andrey Milekhin comments on the survey results:
“The world community in the past year was marked by a record low level of the optimism index, which is associated with the political and economic problems of some individual countries, such as Lebanon, Hong Kong, Italy.No less interesting is the fact that the United States, after a long break, entered the zone of leaders in terms of optimism. Previously, only Scandinavians were rich and happy.
Russians, however, still remain average earthlings, neighboring Bulgaria, Poland and Romania. It is important to note that for the first time in four years, the optimism index in Russia showed positive dynamics, which suggests that Russians are tired of protracted difficult times and are determined to improve their situation and affairs in the country.With the arrival of Zelensky, our neighbors in Ukraine have “perked up” and are quite optimistic about 2020 with the hope of improving life and ending conflicts.
All these changes give little hope for positive dynamics, since human optimism is the basic real instrument for solving existing problems. ”
Gallup International is the largest and most famous association of independent research agencies, uniting 55 companies and conducting independent surveys in almost 100 countries around the world.At different times Gallup International conducted polls and exit poll at presidential and parliamentary elections in many countries of the world. For many years Gallup International has been conducting surveys within the framework of the international projects “Voice of the People”, “Barometer of Hope and Despair”, “End of the Year”, etc.
Gallup International , like its members, is in no way associated with Gallup Inc.headquartered in Washington DC and no longer a member of Gallup International. Gallup International is only responsible for conducting its own opinion polls. We ask that you sign our studies with the full name of Gallup International (not Gallup or Gallup Poll).
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90,000 Global economy: rising tensions, weak growth
Slower investment inflows
Slow investment growth is associated with concerns about sluggish global growth and concerns about the long-term health of emerging and developing economies.Although the investment growth rate has shown a slight acceleration in recent years, it is expected to be below the multi-year average in the coming years.
This means that the pace at which emerging market and developing economies have closed the gap with advanced economies is slowing. The slowdown in the accumulation of wealth and assets also leads to a decrease in the rate of productivity growth in the country. And that, too, raises concerns about how the enormous development needs will be met over the next ten years.
Ways to dramatically increase public investment include redirecting resources from unproductive areas and improving the efficiency of spending. Strategies to stimulate private investment include removing business constraints, overcoming market failures and weak corporate governance. Authorities can better articulate their policies and seek deeper integration into global value chains.Commodity exporting countries may seek greater economic diversification as a way to reduce vulnerability to volatility in natural resource markets.
Lagging
Another aspect of sluggish economic performance is of concern – the impact of the current situation on the poorest countries. Rapid economic growth since the turn of this century in some low-income countries has reduced poverty, and many of these countries have moved into the middle-income category.But what are the prospects for those countries where per capita income is still considered low, that is, under $ 995 as of 2017?
The number of low-income countries fell from 64 to 34 between 2001 and 2019, thanks to the end of conflicts in several countries, debt relief and trade integration with larger and more economically successful countries. However, the countries that remain in this category face much more serious problems than the countries that have moved into the higher category.
Many countries that are now classified as low-income countries start out with extremely disadvantageous positions in terms of income. In addition, more than half of the countries that fall into this category today suffer from instability, conflict and violence. Most of them are in a geographical disadvantage – they are isolated or landlocked, which significantly complicates the processes of trade integration.
90,000 Fresh water scarcity could explode the situation in the Middle EastThe crisis is facilitated by the destruction of statehood and civil wars in the region
Due to Turkish dams, the flow of the river water in Iraq has dropped sharply. Photo by Reuters |
Of the 17 countries with the most acute water problems, 10 are located in the Middle East region. The lack of water there is one of his oldest problems. This valuable resource is dwindling under the influence of increasing droughts, population growth, rapid urbanization, poor infrastructure and overexploitation of water supplies.
The water crisis is facilitated by the destruction of statehood (Syria, Yemen), weak state institutions (Iraq, Lebanon), interstate disputes over the distribution of resources of transboundary rivers (for the resources of the Tigris and Euphrates between Turkey, on the one hand, and Iraq and Syria, on the other, over the waters of the Jordan between Israel and Jordan), civil wars.In Syria and until recently in Iraq, all major dams have been attacked, seized or used as weapons to shut off water supplies or flood villages and farms. In 2016, the UN Secretary General announced that the Islamic State (a terrorist organization banned in the Russian Federation) used control over the Tigris and Euphrates as a weapon and called on supporters to “poison the drinking water” of enemies.
The economy of the Middle East, the standard of living of the population, its employment, and people’s health are directly related to the average share of water that each person receives per year.In the region, it is one of the lowest in the world. According to expert estimates, an average of 600 cubic meters. m per person per year. In Jordan, Palestine and Yemen it is even lower – about 200 cubic meters. m. The minimum required per year for a person in terms of drinking water consumption, food production and participation in economic activities is 1 thousand cubic meters. m. Due to the lack of water, the countries of the region are largely dependent on food imports, suffer from poverty and high unemployment, which, in turn, provokes the growth of radicalism among the population.
One factor in the current instability in Iraq is the lack of water coming from its two rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris. Among the reasons is the construction of dams by Turkey on its territory, which limited the share of Iraq in river water. The country has lost billions of cubic meters of water and will continue to lose more if Baghdad fails to reach an agreement with Ankara.
There is no single water policy in the region. One gets the impression that everyone is surviving as best he can.Wealthy countries that are members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman) can afford to build seawater desalination plants, which is used both for domestic purposes and provides all types of economic activity. The pleasure is expensive, but for the GCC member countries this is not a problem, since electricity generation is relatively cheap. Jordan and especially Yemen cannot afford this without financial assistance and cheap electricity.
In a region on the brink of water hunger, some countries are paying serious attention to the purification of used water and its further use for irrigating crops and for domestic purposes. In others, this valuable resource is hardly used. According to American experts, Oman is the leader in cleaning and reuse. It treats 100% of the collected wastewater and reuses 78% of it. Elsewhere, the GCC treats about 84% of all collected wastewater to safe levels, but only 44% is reused.Overall, about 82% of the region’s wastewater is not reused.
Israel is in the most privileged position. It possesses significant financial resources and technologies for the construction of its own desalination plants and water purification for its subsequent use. Israel’s targeted water policy has created a strong national economy.
In the general opinion of the forum participants, fresh water in the Middle East is one of the cornerstones of national security.She was and remains the trigger, weapon, or target of violence.