How do explosion-proof industrial gear units enhance safety in potentially explosive atmospheres. What are the key features and benefits of SEW-EURODRIVE’s explosion-proof gear units. Which industries require explosion-protective equipment.
Understanding Explosion-Proof Industrial Gear Units
Explosion-proof industrial gear units are specialized drive systems designed to operate safely in potentially explosive atmospheres. These robust components play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and reliability of machinery and equipment in hazardous environments. SEW-EURODRIVE, a leading manufacturer in this field, offers a range of explosion-proof gear units that comply with stringent safety standards and regulations.
What are explosion-proof industrial gear units?
Explosion-proof industrial gear units are engineered to prevent the ignition of flammable gases, vapors, or dust in hazardous areas. They are designed to contain any internal explosion and prevent the transmission of flames or sparks to the surrounding atmosphere. These units are essential in industries where the presence of combustible materials creates a risk of explosion.
SEW-EURODRIVE’s Explosion-Proof Industrial Gear Units
SEW-EURODRIVE’s explosion-proof industrial gear units are specifically designed for II2GD and II3GD applications. These units offer the proven performance, durability, and safety required for operations in potentially explosive atmospheres. The company’s X, MC, and P series industrial gear units meet the requirements of the European Directive 2014/34/EU (ATEX) or ATEX95 in the European Union.
Key features of SEW-EURODRIVE’s explosion-proof gear units
- Compliance with ATEX regulations
- Suitable for use in zones 1, 21, 2, and 22
- Designed for group II, category 2G or 3G (gas atmospheres) and 2D or 3D (dust atmospheres)
- Resilient and easy to maintain
- Reliable operation in various potentially explosive atmospheres
Applications and Industries Requiring Explosion-Proof Equipment
Explosion-proof equipment is crucial in various industries where the risk of explosion is present due to the nature of materials or processes involved. These industries often deal with flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dust, necessitating specialized safety measures.
Which industries commonly require explosion-proof equipment?
- Oil and gas
- Marine
- Manufacturing
- Pharmaceutical
- Mining
- Food processing
In these industries, explosion-proof products must be able to withstand internal eruptions and be certified to international and regional standards. The market for explosion-protective equipment is expected to grow rapidly over the next 3-5 years, driven by the evolution of automation and new manufacturing techniques.
Types of Explosion-Proof Electrical Products
A wide range of electrical products require explosion protection to ensure safe operation in hazardous environments. These products are designed to prevent the ignition of flammable substances and contain any potential explosions.
What are some common explosion-proof electrical products?
- Cable glands
- Junction boxes and enclosures
- Signaling devices
- Switchgear
- HVAC systems
- Conduits
- Flexible couplings and unions
In addition to individual components, entire systems may require explosion protection, including lifting and material handling equipment, lighting systems, automation systems, and surveillance and monitoring equipment.
Standards and Certifications for Explosion-Proof Equipment
Explosion-proof equipment must adhere to strict standards and undergo rigorous testing to ensure its safety and reliability in hazardous environments. Various certifications and testing procedures are in place to validate the performance of these specialized products.
What are the key standards and certifications for explosion-proof equipment?
- ATEX Directive (2014/34/EU)
- IECEx Certification Scheme
- DO 160 Standard
- MIL STD 810
Organizations like Bureau Veritas play a crucial role in testing and certifying explosion-proof equipment. As a notified body recognized by the European Commission, Bureau Veritas can examine electrical and mechanical equipment, protective systems, components, and safety devices for compliance with ATEX and other relevant standards.
Testing Procedures for Explosion-Proof Equipment
Ensuring the safety and reliability of explosion-proof equipment requires thorough testing under controlled conditions. These tests simulate various hazardous scenarios to verify the equipment’s ability to contain explosions and prevent ignition.
How is explosion-proof equipment tested?
Testing procedures for explosion-proof equipment often involve the following considerations:
- Quality of the explosive mixture
- Verification procedure of the mixture
- Testing temperature and altitude
- Secure testing environments (e.g., bunkers with remote control stations)
Specialized facilities and equipment are used to conduct these tests, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of results. For instance, Bureau Veritas CPS in France has developed methods to meet the specific requirements of explosion-proof testing under standards such as DO 160 and MIL STD 810.
Optional Equipment for Explosion-Proof Applications
To enhance the versatility and safety of explosion-proof industrial gear units, manufacturers often offer a range of optional equipment. These additional components allow for customization to meet specific application requirements while maintaining the necessary level of protection.
What optional equipment is available for explosion-proof industrial gear units?
SEW-EURODRIVE provides a variety of predefined optional equipment for their explosion-proof industrial gear units, including:
- Motor adapters
- Backstops
- Sealing systems
- Shaft end pumps
- Mounting flanges
These optional components offer optimal flexibility and safety, allowing users to implement explosion-proof applications tailored to their specific needs.
Future Trends in Explosion-Proof Equipment
The market for explosion-proof equipment is evolving rapidly, driven by technological advancements and changing industry requirements. As automation and new manufacturing techniques continue to develop, the demand for sophisticated explosion-proof solutions is expected to grow.
What are the emerging trends in explosion-proof equipment?
- Integration of smart technologies for improved monitoring and control
- Development of more compact and lightweight explosion-proof designs
- Increased focus on energy efficiency in explosion-proof systems
- Expansion of explosion-proof solutions for emerging industries (e.g., renewable energy)
- Enhanced materials and manufacturing techniques for improved durability and performance
As industries continue to prioritize safety and efficiency, the evolution of explosion-proof equipment will play a crucial role in enabling operations in hazardous environments while minimizing risks.
In conclusion, explosion-proof industrial gear units and related equipment are essential components for ensuring safety in potentially explosive atmospheres. Manufacturers like SEW-EURODRIVE offer a range of solutions that comply with stringent regulations and standards, providing reliable operation across various industries. As technology advances and safety requirements become more sophisticated, the field of explosion-proof equipment continues to evolve, offering improved performance, efficiency, and protection for workers and assets in hazardous environments.
Explosion-proof industrial gear units | SEWEURODRIVE
Our explosion-proof industrial gear units for II2GD and II3GD applications offer you the proven performance, durability and safety of our drives for potentially explosive atmospheres.
Powerful: Explosion-proof industrial gear units for safe operation
Our proven industrial gear units in an ATEX design
Our proven industrial gear units in an ATEX design
For operators or original equipment manufacturers of machines or conveyor systems, it is essential that the drives they use are resilient, easy-to-maintain and reliable in operation. The industrial gear units of the X, MC and P series meet the requirements of the 94/9/EC European Directive for explosion protection, or as of April 20, 2016 of the EU Directive 2014/34/EU (ATEX) or ATEX95 in the European Union. Other European countries, such as Switzerland, have also adopted this regulation.
We offer the reliable operation you need for your system in a wide variety of potentially explosive atmospheres to meet all the legal regulations and standards.
Special measures are required for the operation of systems and machinery in areas with potentially explosive air/gas or air/dust mixtures. If formation of this kind of mixture cannot be prevented, specially protected gear units are required. Applicable standards and regulations govern the use of resources within existing hazard zones. Our explosion-proof industrial gear units of the X, MC and P series meet the design requirements for group II, category 2G or 3G (potentially explosive gas atmospheres) and 2D or 3D (potentially explosive dust atmospheres). The gear units are suitable for use in zones 1 and 21 or zones 2 and 22. With SEWEURODRIVE, you’re always on the safe side.
Optional equipment for your applications in potentially explosive atmospheres
The large number of predefined optional equipment for explosion-proof industrial gear units offers you optimal flexibility and safety.
These include: motor adapters, backstops, sealing systems, shaft end pumps, mounting flanges and much more. This way, you can also implement explosion-proof applications with your industrial gear unit.
Explosion Protective Equipment Work with Confidence
Explosion protection equipment aims to prevent ignition from dangerous substances within
various manufacturing environments. Explosion-proof products should be able to withstand an
internal eruption and must be certified to international regional standards.
Industries such as oil and gas, marine, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, mining and food processing
commonly require equipment explosive environment testing and certification. Historically, the
market has been driven by the oil and gas industry – but with the evolution of automation and
new manufacturing techniques, it is expected to grow rapidly over the next 3-5 years.
Electrical products that require explosive protection include cable glands, junction boxes and
enclosures, signalling devices, switchgear, HVAC, conduits, flexible couplings and unions; while
systems include lifting and material handling, lighting, automation and surveillance and
monitoring.
OUR APPROACH TO EXPLOSION PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TESTING
Bureau Veritas is recognised by the European Commission as a notified body (identification
number 0081) for all modules of the ATEX testing directive, and as such may examine electrical
and mechanical equipment, protective systems, components, safety devices, controlling devices
and regulating devices.
We are also approved by the French accreditation committee COFRAC’s Laboratory Section (test
sector), for tests on equipment to be used in potentially explosive environments and atmospheres.
These include (but are not limited to):
- Skids and assemblies
- Control and safety devices
- Rotating machines
- Transformers
- Telecommunications Detection, measurement, analysis
- Control and signalling
- Electrical connections
- Heating
We can also provide support with regard to IECEX testing, ATEX certification, IECEX certification
and explosion protective equipment certification.
Bureau Veritas CPS in France has developed ways to meet the very specific requirements of explosion proof testing, required under standards DO 160 and/or MIL STD 810.
Key factors include the quality of the mixture, verification procedure of the mixture, testing
temperature and altitude.
The tests are conducted in a secure bunker, with a remote control station secured by glass and
adapted raceways.
Synchronous Gearmotor for Explosion Hazardous Areas
Product Features
- Protection type: Increased Safety – Zone 1
II 2 G Ex eb IIC T1 – T3 Gb - Dust explosion protection – Zone 21
II 2 D Ex tb IIIC T 160°C .
.. 120° Db - Up to 40% more energy savings compared to IE2
- Short amortisation period
- Small installation space
- Compact drive unit
- More torque with same motor frame size
- Requires smaller installation space with same power
- Reduced number of variants thanks to higher efficiency over the entire speed range
- Design security thanks to reserves in drive unit capacity
- Technology leader
- Already meets the efficiency requirements of future standards
- Completely enclosed, sealed against dust and water spray
- Lubrication change first after 15000 hrs
- Low noise gearing
- Enclosure IP65 (Standard), IP66 (Optional)
- Connection Standard with CAGE CLAMP®
- CE-Mark
- ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001
- Motors according to EN 60034
- Corrosion category based on DIN ISO 12944-5
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5-I, C5-M
.. 120° Db
Click on image below to download pdf.
To order hard copies of literature click here.
Product Catalog
What does Explosion Proof mean?
To understand what is meant by explosion proof, we must look at the context of the term and the organization that defined it.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) began publishing the National Electric Code (NEC®) in 1897. The NEC® is also known as NFPA 70 and ANSI/NFPA 70 from its inclusion in the body of NFPA codes.
The NEC® includes definitions for several types of protection techniques acceptable when designing products for use in hazardous (classified) locations: Explosion proof, dust ignition proof, dust tight, purged/pressurized, intrinsically safe, and hermetically sealed. These definitions set the criteria that must be met by all components installed in hazardous (classified) locations.
To meet the criteria for the explosion proof rating, an enclosure must be able to contain any explosion originating within its housing and prevent sparks from within its housing from igniting vapors, gases, dust, or fibers in the air surrounding it. Therefore, explosion proof, when referring to electrical enclosures, does not mean that it is able to withstand an exterior explosion. Instead, it is the enclosures ability to prevent an internal spark or explosion from causing a much larger blast.
Additionally, the NEC states that equipment must meet the temperature requirements of the specific application in which it is to be installed. This means that the operating temperature of the motor (and its enclosure) or other component cannot be greater than the lowest ignition/combustion temperature of the gases or dusts in the atmosphere where the component is to be installed.
All components are labeled on their nameplate with the distinct classification in which they have been tested and approved for installation.
How are the protection techniques rated?
Each of the protection techniques mentioned above is permitted for use only in very specific applications. For example, components and equipment complying to the dust tight specification are approved for use in Class II, Division 2, or Class III, Division 1 or 2 locations, while those listed as explosion proof are approved for use in Class I, Division 1 or 2 locations.
Often, those products listed for a higher classification surpass the requirements for lower classifications.
In fact, the NEC® explicitly states “Equipment that has been identified for a Division 1 location shall be permitted in a Division 2 location of the same class, group, and temperature class,” thereby complying with requirements for the Division 2 areas [ANSI/NFPA 70:500.8(A)(2)].
Who tests Explosion Proof equipment?
Nationally recognized testing laboratories such as Underwriters Laboratories and Intertek use marks to denote that the products they have tested conform to the standards set by the (NFPA) and by other international standards organizations. These marks, which include UL, CSA, ETL, and others, can be looked for to determine compliance with the standards. Products that do not bear these marks may not meet the requirements of the NEC.
A ready for production prototype is sent to a testing laboratory. Once approved, that laboratory sends inspectors to the manufacturer on occasion to ensure that nothing has been changed in the design or manufacturing of the component.
Specific Systems
® are engineered to perform
Unlike systems sold by HVAC modifiers, units fabricated by Specific Systems® are engineered from the sheet metal to the compressor choices to meet the standards laid out in the NEC®. Specific Systems® uses only fully approved and labeled components and wiring methods on all systems.
- Hermetically sealed scroll compressors in every unit
- Standard totally-enclosed, fan-cooled (TEFC) motors
- Class I Div 1 hazardous duty motors, when specified
- Electrical control panels built in our UL 508A approved electrical shop
- CSA C/US approved explosion proof compressors
- UL Listing and CSA C/US Approval of all InPac® and AirPak units
- All wiring is properly routed through conduit and labeled in order to exceed NEC® standards
Some refineries and processing facilities operate in cooler environments.
Because of the often cooler ambient temperatures, heat is often required in these applications. However, typical open coil heaters can not be used in hazardous areas due to the explosion hazard. For these applications, explosion proof fin tube heaters must be utilized.
Explosion proof heaters incorporate fin tube heating elements and enclosed electrical connections to meet code and reduce surface temperatures. Specific Systems® explosion proof heaters are CSA C/US approved.
Additionally, explosion proof crankcase heaters are used in these conditions instead of standard crankcase heaters.
Depend on Specific Systems
®
Specific Systems® has been building HVAC and pressurization units for hazardous (classified) areas since 1974, and is the oldest and largest manufacturer in the industry. Because we build the units, we will be here to assist with any questions you have post-installation.
E-Bike Explosion | Why Do Electric Bikes Catch Fire?
If electric bikeshares have proven anything lately, it’s that we can’t have nice things—not without those nice things apparently setting themselves on fire.
On Wednesday, August 14, a battery pack caught fire in Lime’s Seattle warehouse, setting ablaze nearby battery packs in a container room. The same night, a Lime-E dockless e-bike burned on the University of Washington campus. A Reddit user captured the fiery display.
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Lime currently has 4,500 dockless e-bikes in the Seattle area. The cause of the warehouse battery fire has yet to be determined, a Lime spokesperson told Bicycling, but a company analysis of the UW fire found that the bike’s battery pack had been vandalized. (A University of Washington police officer told Crosscut that there were no initial signs of foul play, and no incident report was filed.)
Lime isn’t the only bikeshare to see its e-bikes go up in flames. In July, three days after Lyft activated its new Bay Wheels hybrid e-bikes for use around San Francisco and the Bay Area, one of the proprietary bikes caught fire at a bike rack on the University of California, Berkeley campus.
The following Saturday, Twitter user Zach Rutta captured a photo of a burnt Lyft bike at a dock in downtown San Francisco. A third bike burned in San Jose on Tuesday, July 30, then a fourth, in San Francisco’s Lower Haight neighborhood, the next day.
San Francisco’s Municipal Transportation Agency issued permits for up to 1,900 of Lyft’s hybrid e-bikes to begin use on July 19. (Following a Bicycling inquiry, Lyft spokesperson Julie Wood did not confirm the number of operational hybrid e-bikes.)
The day the fourth bike burned, Lyft announced it was suspending e-bike service until it could investigate its battery technology. The Lyft bike in San Jose was deliberately torched as an act of vandalism, San Jose Department of Transportation PIO Colin Heyne told Bicycling, but the cause of the other three fires remains unknown.
E-bike fires make headlines for the same reason as cell phone fires, Tesla infernos, and self-immolating hoverboards: We don’t expect the batteries that power our modern lives to turn on us.
But although lithium-ion battery fires end in an explosive chemical reaction that leaves little but a charred husk of a battery pack, they begin with a distinct and often preventable cause. What follows is an explanation of how and why e-bikes burn up, with safety information to prevent an e-bike fire from happening to you.
Why Lithium-Ion Batteries Catch Fire
The conditions that preempt an e-bike fire vary: Charging fires appear to be most common, although plenty of documented e-bike fires occur while bikes sit idle. Few seem to occur mid-ride, and in those instances that we could find, riders had previously modified e-bikes or retrofitted pushbikes with conversion kits. In January, a modified Pinarello Dogma F8 ignited mid-ride as a 79-year-old rider pedaled up a popular climb in Adelaide, Australia; a Pinarello representative blamed the apparent short-circuit on the rider’s aftermarket e-bike kit in a statement to Forbes.
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What all battery fires share is a fiery phenomenon called thermal runaway, in which the battery’s cells reach a critical temperature that causes them to spontaneously combust.
Most e-bike batteries use a series of cells containing lithium ions, the use of which enables a much higher energy density (more power, less weight) than nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries, like you’ll find in your car’s battery. “You’re putting an awful lot of energy in [a lithium-ion] battery,” says Ed Benjamin, founder and chairman of the Light Electric Vehicle Association. “I’ve got a battery about the size of a cigar box, and there’s enough energy in there to push my 100 kilos plus another 100 kilos for 60 miles.” The lithium-ion trade-off is volatility: Metallic (pure) lithium will ignite when exposed to water in the air. Lithium-ion batteries employ lithium compounds that store less energy than pure lithium, but also make the cells more stable.
The shape of the cells also matters. E-bike battery packs are manufactured with cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch-shaped cells. Reputable e-bike brands use packs with cylindrical cells from quality suppliers such as Samsung, Panasonic, and Lishen, because cylindrical cells tend to handle higher temperatures without deforming.
Many e-bike battery packs include a series of individual, cylindrical cells. Panasonic is among the leading manufacturers of e-bike batteries.
David Becker
Cells that deform or leak can cause a short circuit and subsequent buildup of heat that risks thermal runaway. Prismatic cells, commonly used in cell phones, are flatter in shape and can be more prone to swelling. Pouch cells are also subject to swelling over their life cycle and often aren’t as rigorously tested as other shapes. “By itself, a pouch cell isn’t bad, but a pouch cell from a cheap-battery maker is scary,” Benjamin says.
A battery should cost roughly half as much as a complete e-bike, Benjamin says, so buying a cheap battery from an unknown supplier means you might not get cylindrical cells—a stable design that’s also costly to manufacture and properly test.
Using a nonstandard charger for your e-bike can result in a battery overheating and a potential fire.
Smith Collection/Getty
However, if any type of battery cell is damaged by a drop or a crash, punctured, or otherwise messed with (as could be the case of bikeshare e-bikes), the separators between the cells can fail, causing a short circuit. Cells can also overheat from overcharging, and a 2018 study found that an unintended crossover of chemicals between a battery’s cathode and anode can lead to a catastrophic heat release without any internal short-circuiting. Gas release vents within the cells serve as a last line of defense for dissipating heat before the cells reach their critical temperature.
In all of these cases, thermal runaway can occur when a cell reaches a critical temperature and begins releasing oxygen, which leads to ignition and a self-sustaining fire. Once one cell burns, the adjacent cells can ignite or explode and the reaction continues until the fire runs out of fuel. A Youtube video uploaded last August shows an e-bike in thermal runaway on the streets of Rome, its battery ablaze and the individual cells popping and crackling as they ignite in succession.
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Odds of a Fire
There’s no unified figure for the number of e-bike fires that occur each year. Using data from the China Bicycle Association and Bike Europe, Benjamin estimates there are approximately 265 million e-bikes being ridden in China, about 10 million in Europe, and at least 1 million in the U.S.
Universal and reliable fire data doesn’t exist, but you can search the Internet for detailed (and frightening) stories. Not including the July Lyft fires, we counted about 10 battery fires in the U.S. since 2016: A brand new beach cruiser burst into flames following a ride on California’s Newport Beach, shooting chunks of battery into the air as it burned.
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A delivery bike torched a Yonkers, New York, apartment while charging, the NYFD posited. An overheated battery burned an apartment on San Francisco’s Folsom Street, the same street that claimed a Lyft bike. Citi Bike’s own Brooklyn facility has had multiple fires, and Lime’s Seattle warehouse saw a battery fire in mid-August when a single battery pack caught fire and ignited nearby packs. And in Madison, Wisconsin, Crazy Lenny’s E-Bikes sustained an estimated $350,000 in damage after an early morning charger fire.
Likely more fires occur overseas in Europe and Asia where e-bikes and other light electric vehicles are more common. In the Netherlands, e-bike brand Stella had three warehouse and showroom fires in a seven-month span. Singapore’s Straits Times reports the country saw 74 e-bike and scooter fires in 2018, up from 49 cases the previous year.
With more than 200 million registered e-bikes, the country with the most battery fires is China. A May 2018 report by the country’s Ministry of Emergency Management stated that more than 10,000 e-bike fires occurred between 2013 and 2017, killing over 200 people. Many deaths covered by Chinese media reports were charger fires that spread through apartment complexes, prompting proposals for designated e-bike charging zones in residential areas.
What Happened to the Lime and Lyft Bikes?
A Lime spokesperson told Bicycling that the company inspected the burnt UW bike later that night and found damage to the metal and plastic used to protect the battery pack, an indication that it had been vandalized.
When another Lime e-bike caught fire and burned a rider’s leg in Queens last summer, the company similarly attributed the incident to vandalism.
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Lyft hasn’t released any information on the cause of its fires. Spokesperson Julie Wood stated that the company is looking into vandalism; there’s a documented history of vandalism against bikeshares and electric scooters in the Bay Area. As for the UC-Berkeley Lyft bike fire, UCPD spokesperson Sgt. Nicolas Hernandez told Bicycling that vandalism is uncommon on campus. A campus patrol officer told Hernandez that the bike’s battery had recently been serviced by an outside company, although he wasn’t sure which.
In 2018, Lyft bought Motivate, the nation’s largest bikeshare company, subsequently taking ownership of NYC’s Citi Bike and D.C.
’s Capital Bike Share. The company deployed fleets of (non-hybrid) e-bikes in those cities in April 2019. Those bikes were swiftly deactivated because of oversensitive front brakes that sent some riders over the handlebar. Wood told Bicycling that San Francisco’s Bay Wheels bikes are different from the Citi Bike and Capital Bike Share e-bikes because of their “hybrid” design—they can be locked to Lyft stations or parked anywhere in public.
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As part of our previous reporting on the braking incident, Bicycling learned from a New York-based Motivate mechanic (who agreed to speak under the condition of anonymity to protect his job) that he and his fellow employees weren’t trained to work on e-bikes. And in March, e-bike batteries in a Citi Bike maintenance facility in Brooklyn caught fire while charging, an FDNY spokesperson told the New York Daily News.
Electric Citi Bikes are set to return this fall, the company told StreetsBlog NYC in May.
Should I Be Worried?
Lime dockless e-bikes operate across the U.S. and in London and Sydney. Two of the bikes have caught fire in the U.S. since July 2018; the company attributed both fires to vandalism.
John Keeble
Relative to the hundreds of millions of operational e-bikes, battery fires are extremely rare. That said, you’re safest buying a new e-bike, or at least a new battery, from a reputable brand. Avoid anything that sounds too good to be true. “At $650 via Amazon, I wouldn’t say [that e-bike] is dangerous, but you cannot get an excellent bike and battery,” Benjamin says, noting that properly testing battery packs adds to an e-bike’s price. “A lot of corners have to be cut.”
Meanwhile, Lime’s electric bikeshare programs continue to operate as the company maintains that the torched Seattle bike was vandalized.
A spokesperson told Bicycling that that Lime e-bikes have completed 3 million rides in the Seattle area; the bikes are charged and inspected daily by full-time Lime employees, the spokesperson said.
So far, neither Lime nor Lyft has indicated that the design of their bikes is to blame.
How to Prevent E-Bike Fires
Despite the relative scarcity of e-bike fires in the U.S., you should still take precautions to protect yourself from an accident. Here’s how:
- Use only the manufacturer-supplied charger, Benjamin says. Aftermarket chargers and chargers for different e-bikes can cause batteries to overheat, which can lead to thermal runaway. Four people died in a Beijing e-bike shop fire where mismatched e-bike chargers were found.
- Don’t leave a charging e-bike unattended, and don’t charge it near other flammable objects. “Do it in a place where if there is smoke, you can get out of the house, and there’s nothing right next to it to catch on fire,” Benjamin says. Even if you’re not equipped to put out the fire, you’ll be able to get to safety.
- Don’t store e-bike batteries with a full charge for an extended period of time. More charge means more fuel for the chemical reaction that causes fire.
- Don’t use e-bike batteries that have been dropped, punctured, crashed, or otherwise damaged in any way. They may look alright, but internal damage can cause the cells to contact each other, overheat, and ignite. Consult a local dealer if you’re unsure whether a battery pack is safe.
- Don’t modify your e-bike’s drive system if you’re not an expert. We’re all for tinkering, but the e-bikes that catch fire mid-ride tend to be DIY contraptions, so don’t mess with what you don’t know. (A safer DIY approach might involve buying a full conversion kit, with components meant to work together, rather than piecing the electronics together yourself).
- Use water and an A B C fire extinguisher (the most common type) to put out a lithium-ion battery fire. However, the fire and fumes from a lithium-ion battery fire can be extremely dangerous, so unless you can extinguish the reaction early or safely move the bike outdoors, your best bet is calling 911 and getting the heck away from it.
Even if you’re not equipped to put out the fire, you’ll be able to get to safety.
However, the fire and fumes from a lithium-ion battery fire can be extremely dangerous, so unless you can extinguish the reaction early or safely move the bike outdoors, your best bet is calling 911 and getting the heck away from it.5 Great Commuter Bags
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Dan Roe
Test Editor
A former Division 1 runner, Dan grew up riding fixies and mountain bikes and now reviews everything from performance running shoes to road and cross bikes, to the latest tech for runners and cyclists at Bicycling and Runner’s World.
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American Apparel apologizes for use of Challenger explosion photo
American Apparel, a brand that is no stranger to manufactured controversy, committed an accidental offense for once yesterday. Late in the afternoon, a social media manager for the clothing line reblogged an image of the 1986 Challenger space shuttle explosion to its Tumblr account, superimposed over a red sky with the hashtags “#smoke” and “#clouds.” Just in time for the Fourth of July.
The image is the iconic photograph of the devastating shuttle explosion that claimed the lives of seven astronauts, including teacher Christa Corrigan McAuliffe. The blog post quickly spread, along with not-so-gentle reprimands from the peanut gallery, on both Twitter and Tumblr.
Pls tell @americanapparel that this isn’t a “cool tumblr photo” of clouds. h/t @slarkpope https://t.co/uwoSR9MwwK pic.twitter.com/SzIsisnz8y
— kenyatta cheese (@kenyatta) July 3, 2014
@TheRickWilson putting the ass back into asymptote @slarkpope — Count (@DaCount6) July 3, 2014
@Red__Rover @kenyatta @americanapparel @slarkpope That’s what happens when you have Millennials run your social media accounts.
— Aaron Ross Powell (@ARossP) July 3, 2014
Within hours the brand pulled the offending blog post and issued an official apology, while distancing itself as far as possible from the person responsible for the posting.
Even the apology struck many as weak or, worse, disingenuous.
Trying to process an @americanapparel social media associate who could possibly be “unaware of the event” of the Challenger explosion.
— Mark Joyella (@standupkid) July 4, 2014
The timing is unfortunate for American Apparel, a brand as beloved by hip millennials as it is derided by grown-ups weary of its porny marketing shtick. Dov Charney, the company’s controversial founder was ousted as chief executive last month “for cause.” This week, the notoriously scandal-plagued chief executive struck back, borrowing nearly $20 million to boost his ownership stake to 43 percent from 27 percent — giving Charney leverage as he fights to regain control of his company.
This is not the first time the Challenger disaster has been appropriated for pop cultural purposes. Late last year Beyoncé nimbly evaded a swarm of controversy for using a six-second audio clip at the start of her song “XO” in which NASA’s public affairs officer at the time, Steve Nesbitt, is heard saying, “Flight controllers here looking very carefully at the situation. Obviously a major malfunction.”
https://digiday.
com/?p=80064Falk plant explosion may affect supply of gears
A fatal explosion this week at a major maker of large gears may increase the already long waiting times for equipment for mining and construction companies, industry experts say.
It often takes up to a year and a half for mining equipment makers to receive the large gears, often 40 feet wide, or casting molds for them because of the boom in the industry in the past few years, said Raymond Monroe, executive vice president of the Steel Founders’ Society of America.
The blast December 6 at Falk Corporation halted production there indefinitely, causing many to wonder how long the company, one of the largest steel foundries that make large gears, couplings and castings, will be down, Monroe said.
“A month or two months would begin to have real repercussions because there would be people who need equipment and they’re going to other places that are already backed up,” Monroe said.
“So there would be some real economic disruption.”
Bob Hitt, chief executive officer of Falk’s parent company, Rexnord Corp., said company officials are still waiting to tour Falk’s sprawling complex near downtown Milwaukee while investigators sift through the rubble. The building destroyed in the blast held some of the company’s inventory, he said, though it is not clear how much was lost.
“From a customer standpoint, obviously we want to be running as quickly as we can,” Hitt said.
Falk’s approximately 700 workers will be paid while operations are halted, he said. Whatever the damage to the complex, he promised the company would be back.
“We intend to rebuild here and they should be patient and take that to heart,” Hitt said of Falk’s employees.
Three longtime employees died in the blast, which injured nearly four dozen. Authorities are investigating the cause, though it is known there was a propane leak before the explosion that flipped over cars and sent debris throughout the area.
Rexnord, also based in Milwaukee, makes power transmission products and other motion products, with about 6,000 employees worldwide. A private equity firm, Apollo Management, announced in May it agreed to buy Rexnord for $1.825 billion. Rexnord’s handful of divisions posted a sales increase of 9 percent to $298.1 million in the most recent quarter.
The company acquired Falk in May 2005 for $295 million from Hamilton Sundstrand, a subsidiary of United Technologies Corp.
There are about 2,100 casting plants in the U.S. but Falk is one of only 10 to make such large pieces, said Alfred Spada, spokesman for the American Foundry Society.
“If for some reason their production were to be shut down for an extended period of time, there are some worries about the production capabilities in the U.S.,” Spada said. “The other players will have to obviously pick up the slack.”
Monroe said companies in Australia and South Africa make competing products, though they typically use less durable cast iron as opposed to Falk’s steel.
It’s too soon to tell what the impact will be in the construction industry, said Joe Hummel, executive director of Allied Construction Industries, a trade group. It could take months for equipment makers – and then commercial construction companies – to feel the impact of a slowdown of a major manufacturer.
“If they’re affected, ultimately commercial construction could be affected,” Hummel said. “The arc could be a long time out.”
Mining supply company Continental Conveyor & Equipment Co. had an order in with Falk, a company it has worked with for 30 years, said Jim Smothers, president of the Winfield, Ala.-based company.
He said he expected to speak with Falk officials next week about the situation, though there’s no danger of a slowdown for him because Continental generally keeps its assembly line well stocked.
“We’re obviously concerned but Falk is a very good supplier,” Smother said. “They have been a very good resource for us, their people and decision makers, and I’m sure we’ll be able to work out something.
“
REMINDER To citizens upon detection of a suspicious object similar to an explosive device / Official website of the city district of Yegoryevsk
Recently, there have been frequent cases of citizens discovering objects suspicious of an explosive device. Similar items are found in transport, on stairwells near apartment doors, in institutions and in public places. How to behave when they are found? What actions to take?
Noticing suspicious objects, for example:
– a thing without an owner,
– an object that does not correspond to the environment,
– a device with signs of an explosive mechanism,
– ownerless vehicles parked directly to buildings,
do not walk or touch suspicious object.
If you find a forgotten or ownerless item in public transport, interview people nearby. Try to establish who or who may have left it.
If the owner is not identified, immediately report the find to the driver (driver, conductor).
If you find a suspicious object in the entrance of your house, ask your neighbors, perhaps it belongs to them. If the owner is not established, immediately report the finding to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Yegoryevsky District (tel.02 or 4-33-45).
If you find a suspicious item in the institution, immediately report the finding to the administration.
In all the above cases:
• Do not touch, open or move the find;
• Record the time the find was found;
• Try to get people to move as far as possible from the dangerous find;
• Wait for the arrival of the operational investigation team;
• Remember the appearance of an item may obscure its real purpose.Common household items are used as camouflage for explosive devices: bags, packages, boxes, toys, etc.
Parents! You are responsible for the life and health of your children.
Explain to the children that any object found on the street or in the entrance can be dangerous.
We remind you once again: Do not take any actions on your own with explosive devices or objects suspicious of an explosive device – this can lead to their explosion, numerous victims and destruction!
Obtaining information about the evacuation
An evacuation message can be received not only in the event of an explosive device detected and the elimination of the consequences of a committed terrorist act, but also in the event of a fire or natural disaster.
After receiving a message from the authorities or law enforcement agencies about the beginning of the evacuation, remain calm and clearly follow their commands.
If you are in the apartment, do the following:
• Take personal documents, money and valuables;
• Disconnect electricity, water and gas;
• Provide assistance in the evacuation of the elderly and seriously ill people;
• Be sure to close the front door with a lock – this will protect the apartment from possible intrusion of looters.
Do not panic, tantrum and haste. Leave the room organized. Return to the abandoned premises only after obtaining the permission of the responsible persons.
Remember that the life and health of many people will depend on the consistency and clarity of your actions.
PIR Center
Nuclear Explosive Device
Full-scale design for obtaining explosive energy release due to a chain nuclear fission reaction and / or nuclear fusion.
The purpose of creating and studying nuclear weapons (mainly at the first stages of national military nuclear programs; see article Military nuclear program) is to confirm the validity of the physical ideas and principles embedded in the tested design, and the most significant (often the only) criterion of success is the achieved energy release. Examples of such nuclear devices are the structures used in the first nuclear tests: USA (July 16, 1945), USSR (August 29, 1949). In these cases, practically no additional tactical and technical requirements were imposed on the structures of the nuclear explosive devices; on the contrary, the parameters of nuclear munitions created on their basis (NAM) and their delivery vehicles were “adjusted” to the mass and size characteristics of the NED.
These were: the “Fat Man” bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki (USA, combat use – August 9, 1945; see article Nuclear bombardment) and “product 501” (USSR), made on the basis of previously tested pilot nuclear weapons practically without alteration of the latter.
Some nuclear explosive devices in their original form, in principle, could not be used in the design of the delivered ammunition due to unacceptable dimensions and weight (for example, the world’s first thermonuclear explosive device “Mike”, tested by the United States on November 1, 1952., weighed over 70 tons). At the same time, other nuclear devices from the very beginning were made out in the form of a ready-to-use delivered nuclear warhead. These are the “Baby” bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima (USA, combat use – August 6, 1945; see article Nuclear bombing) and the first Soviet “real” (two-stage) thermonuclear bomb RDS-37, tested on November 22 1955
At the subsequent stages of the military programs of the nuclear powers, the experimental designs of nuclear devices began to be based (in an invariably increasing number) with additional physical, weight and size and other conditions and restrictions due to the final tactical and technical requirements for the product being created or improved.
A significant number of tests of nuclear explosive devices were carried out in order to optimize nuclear charges (nuclear warhead, see Nuclear charge) for a specific technical parameter or a set of such parameters.
The semantic difference between the concepts of ND and NAZ is usually determined by the fact that NAZ most often means a complete structure with given parameters and characteristics, developed taking into account the test results of the corresponding ND. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that in a number of publications these concepts in the general context of presentation are often very close, and sometimes, in essence, coincide.The texts of the most important international treaties defining the “nuclear status” of the modern world – the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) – do not make such distinctions at all, considering all nuclear devices and structures only in the context of the possibility to carry out explosive nuclear energy release.
Lit .: Nuclear power: questions and answers. Issue 7.M .: Publishing house, 1994. S. 21;
International law in force.T. 2. Section XV: Ensuring international security, item “B” – Disarmament. M .: Moscow Independent Institute of International Law, 1997. S. 336–338;
Nuclear tests of the USSR. T. 1 / Ed. gr. under the arms. V.N. Mikhailova. Moscow: IzdAT, 1997. P. 13–14;
Novaya Zemlya test site / From the series “Nuclear tests of the USSR” / Ed. gr. under the arms. V.A. Logachev. M .: Izdat, 2000.S. 436;
Peaceful nuclear explosions / From the series “Nuclear tests of the USSR” / Ed.gr. under the arms. V.A. Logachev. Moscow: Izdat, 2001.S. 18.
A.B. Koldobsky.
90,000 If you find an explosive device
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90,000 FSB prevented a terrorist attack in the Kaliningrad region – Tatarstan in Russian
The Russian FSB prevented a terrorist attack at an energy facility in the Kaliningrad region.
Employees of the department detained a man who, according to the service, was planning to carry out an attack “out of hatred of the current government,” and also recruited local residents to participate in terrorist activities. An improvised explosive device and components for synthesizing explosives were seized from him.
The Russian Federal Security Service prevented a terrorist attack on a power plant in the Kaliningrad Region. This was reported in a statement issued by the Public Relations Center of the department.
The service said that they detained a Russian citizen who was planning to commit a terrorist act “out of hatred of the current government.” In addition, the man recruited local residents to participate in terrorist activities.
“An improvised explosive device, instructions for its manufacture and components for synthesizing explosives, as well as materials with offensive content against Russian executive and legislative bodies were found at his place of residence,” the message says.
A criminal case was opened against the detainee, the issue of choosing a preventive measure is being decided, the FSB said.
The department published a video recording of the arrest of the Russian. The footage shows how the security forces break down the door to the suspect’s house and detain the man. An improvised explosive device seized by the department’s employees is also shown. Components of an explosive device, including damaging elements, were also found in the house and on the site.
Cases of prevention of terrorist attacks on the territory of Russia
In recent months, the Federal Security Service has prevented several terrorist attacks, which were planned to be carried out by radicals in the country.
For example, in mid-February the security forces detained 19 supporters of the At-Takfir wal-Hijra * organization who were planning terrorist attacks in the North Caucasus. Radicals were identified on the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Crimea, Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region.
In addition to the planned attacks, they recruited local residents into the ranks of the group. During the searches, the suspects were seized with extremist materials, a PKK machine gun, an AKM machine gun, cartridges and improvised explosive devices in total over 3 kg in TNT equivalent.The radicals’ cache also contained a suicide belt with striking elements.
In January, FSB officers detained a follower of radical Islamism who was preparing a terrorist attack in Bashkiria. It turned out to be a Russian citizen born in 1995.
The press service of the department reported that the man was preparing an armed attack on law enforcement officers, components of a homemade bomb and firearms were found in his possession.
As it became known from the correspondence in his gadgets, the extremist received instructions from the emissaries of the terrorist organization Hayat Tahrir al-Sham **.
In December, the FSB, together with the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, detained four members of the Islamic State cell *** in Dagestan.
According to the ministry, they planned to arrange an explosion near one of the administrative buildings of the police and attack the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the republic.
“Firearms and edged weapons, a large amount of ammunition, an explosive device were found in a hiding place equipped by terrorists and at the address of a secret residence; in mobile phones – correspondence with coordinators of terrorist activities abroad, ”the department noted.
The fight against terrorism in Russia
At the end of February, President Vladimir Putin, speaking at a meeting of the FSB board, said that terrorism is the most acute and dangerous threat.
In particular, he recalled that in December 2020, the last organized bandit group that had committed crimes on the territory of the Chechen Republic and Ingushetia was destroyed, and also noted the fight against terrorism in Syria.
“In 2020, 72 terrorist crimes were prevented.
The head of state emphasized the need not only to identify and eliminate terrorist cells, but also to track the contacts of militants, suppressing attempts to propaganda and recruiting young people.
* “At-Takfir wal-Hijra” is a religious association recognized as extremist and banned on the territory of Russia (decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 15.09.2010).
** Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (Jabhat Fath ash-Sham, Front al-Nusra, Jabhat al-Nusra) – the organization was recognized as terrorist by the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 29.12.2014.
*** “Islamic State” (IS) – the organization was recognized as terrorist by the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2014.
The reason for the crash of a Russian plane in Sinai could have been an explosive device planted by IS militants – CNN
Washington, November 5 / Xinhua / – The reason for the crash of a Russian plane in the Sinai could be an explosive device planted by militants of the extremist organization Islamic State / IS /.This was announced on Wednesday by the American television company CNN.
According to an unnamed US official, some intercepted intelligence led to a preliminary conclusion that IS or its squad had planted an explosive device on the plane. US intelligence agencies have not yet provided an official explanation for this report.
UK Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond told media on Wednesday that there is a serious possibility that an explosive device was on board.
On that day, a message from the office of British Prime Minister David Cameron said that as new data emerged, the British side feared that an explosive device could well become the cause of the disaster.
At the same time, Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shukri expressed his “surprise” at the above statements in an interview with CNN. He stressed that it is necessary to establish the facts during the investigation.
The Interstate Aviation Committee / IAC / headquartered in Moscow said on Wednesday that the official source of information on the progress of the accident investigation is the state conducting the investigation (in this case, the Egyptian aviation authorities).Other states, organizations and specialists involved in the investigation, without the consent of Egypt, have no right to disclose information about the progress and conclusions of the investigation.
IAC reported that the data of the on-board parametric recorder were transferred for decryption and analysis, and the on-board voice recorder, which received serious mechanical damage, is being prepared for copying information.
Let us remind you that the A321 Kogalymavia, flying 9268 Sharm el Sheikh – St. Petersburg, crashed on October 31 on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.All on board were killed: 217 passengers and seven crew members. An Internet branch of ISIS in the Sinai Peninsula claimed responsibility for the plane crash, but Egypt and Russia said they could not confirm its authenticity. –0 to
90,000 Saudi Arabia: IED detonated at ceremony with Western diplomats
Photo author, AFP
Photo caption,
According to diplomats, an improvised explosive device detonated in a cemetery for non-Muslims
During the ceremony In memory of the victims of the First World War in Saudi Arabia, an explosion thundered.Several people were injured.
An explosion occurred in a cemetery for non-Muslims in Jeddah during the celebration of the end of the First World War, which was attended by foreign diplomats.
The embassies of France, Greece, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States reported that an improvised explosive device was detonated there on Wednesday morning.
In their joint statement, they strongly condemned the explosion, calling it a dastardly attack. The government of the administrative district of Mecca said the same, adding that the security forces have launched an investigation into the incident.
Saudi Arabian authorities have confirmed that a Greek consular officer and a Saudi security officer were injured. It also reported one injured British citizen
At the end of October, a Saudi Arabian citizen attacked a guard at the French consulate in Jeddah with a knife. On the same day, as a result of an attack in the French city of Nice, three people were killed, two of them were beheaded. The French police regards the incident as an Islamist terrorist attack.
Photo author, AFP
Photo caption,
On October 29, an unknown assailant attacked a guard at the French consulate in Jeddah with a knife Great Britain and the United States in Riyadh. – We wish all the victims a speedy recovery and thank the Saudi rescue services for their courage, which helped those who were on the scene. ”
Representatives of the embassies also promised to assist the Saudi authorities during the investigation of the explosion.
A French journalist based in Saudi Arabia tweeted a post-explosion photo showing one of the victims being treated.
“There are wounded .. 15 days after the attack on the consulate, France is targeted again !?”
According to the journalist, an employee of the Greek special services, who only recently took up his post at the consulate, was seriously injured.
A representative of the Greek diplomatic mission told Reuters that the explosion injured four people, one of them a Greek citizen.There is no threat to their lives.
The French Consulate in Jeddah has called on French citizens in Saudi Arabia to be extremely vigilant.
October attacks in France
On October 29, a Tunisian citizen attacked parishioners of a church in Nice with a knife. Three people were killed and several more were injured. Shortly thereafter, in another city in the south of France – Montfave, near Avignon – the police shot and killed a man who threatened passersby with firearms.
On the same day in Saudi Arabia, at the door of the French consulate in the city of Jeddah, a man attacked a guard. He was arrested and the guard was sent to the hospital.
These attacks were preceded by the murder of school teacher Samuel Pati. He was beheaded by an Islamist from Chechnya in a suburb of Paris after showing his disciples a caricature of the Prophet Muhammad.
The assassination of Pati exacerbated tensions in France, and President Macron’s public speech in defense of free speech and the right to publish such cartoons angered Turkey and other Muslim countries.
Chronicle of recent terrorist attacks in France
- October 2020: Teacher Samuel Pati is beheaded near his school in a suburb of Paris
- September 2020: Two people were seriously stabbed 9010 Charlie1
- October 2019: Computer expert Mikael Arpon, who became a follower of radical Islam, stabbed three police officers and a civilian employee at the police headquarters in Paris
- July 2016: Two attackers killed priest Jacques Amel and seriously injured another hostage in a church in Rouen
- July 2016: An armed terrorist sent a truck into a crowd on the waterfront in Nice on Bastille Day.86 people killed
- November 2015: Armed terrorists launched several coordinated attacks on the Bataclan concert hall, a major stadium, restaurants and bars in Paris. 130 people were killed and hundreds were injured
- January 2015: Two armed Islamist fighters broke into the editorial office of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and killed 12 people
What if you find an explosive device?
Hearts would be pure from evil, –
The world would not know any strife or enmity.– Abdurrahman Nuraddin ibn Ahmad Jami
He who moves forward in knowledge, but lags behind in morality, goes back more than forward.
– Aristotle
There is no more striking manifestation of weakness than terror in the world.
– Dan Brown
The law of the worthy is to do good and not quarrel.
–
Right reasoning leads to right action.Righteousness of mind leads to righteousness of heart.
– Victor Hugo
The greatness of a people is not measured by its number, just as the greatness of a person is not measured by its growth; the only measure is his mental development and his moral level.
– Victor Hugo
A person who has memorized the words of the wise becomes wise himself.
– Abay Kunanbayev
Only reason, science, will, conscience elevate a person.Only a fool can think that one can rise differently.
– Abay Kunanbayev
The law is the highest manifestation of human wisdom, using the experience of people for the benefit of society.
– Johnson Samuel
Our life is a consequence of our thoughts; it is born in our heart, it is created by our thought. If a person speaks and acts with a kind thought, joy follows him like a shadow that never leaves.
– Dhammapada
People seek pleasure, rushing from side to side, only because they feel the emptiness of their lives, but do not yet feel the emptiness of that new fun that attracts them.
– Blaise Pascal
Life is a moment. It cannot be lived at first on a draft, and then copied into a white paper.
– Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
What is the meaning of life? Serve others and do good.
– Aristotle
A person who is limited in heart and thoughts is inclined to love in life that which is limited. A person with limited vision cannot see beyond one cubit length on the road on which he is walking, or on the wall against which he rests with his shoulder.
– Gibran Khalil Gibran
Two meanings in life – internal and external,
The outside has family, business, success;
And the inner one is unclear and alien –
Everyone is responsible for everyone.– Igor Guberman
The honor of a person is not in the power of another; this honor is in himself and does not depend on public opinion; her protection is not a sword or a shield, but an honest and impeccable life, and a fight in such conditions will not yield in courage to any other fight.
– Jean Jacques Rousseau
Military force can kill, but it is not able to change the mind, heart, emotions. The murder of one person hurts his friends, relatives, infects ten, twenty people around with anger and desire for revenge – isn’t that obvious?
– Dalai Lama XIV
Never judge a person until you’ve come a long way in their shoes.
– Lao Tzu
The moral qualities of a person should be judged not by his individual efforts, but by his daily life.
– Blaise Pascal
Which is more precious – a glorious name or a life? What is smarter – life or wealth? What is more painful – gaining or losing? This is why great addictions inevitably lead to great losses. And irrepressible accumulation turns into a huge loss. Know when to stop – and you won’t have to experience shame.Know how to stop – and you will not face dangers and you will be able to live a long time.
