How does the updated Faction Dictator 3.0 compare to its predecessor. What are the key design features of this metal-laminate freeride ski. Is the Dictator 3.0 suitable for expert skiers seeking stability and versatility.
The Evolution of Faction’s Dictator Series
Faction introduced the Dictator series in 2017, featuring strong, flat-tailed skis with two sheets of metal in their construction. The 106mm-wide Dictator 3.0 underwent significant updates for the 19/20 season and remains unchanged for 20/21 and 21/22, save for graphics. This evolution aimed to make the ski more accessible without compromising its power and high-speed stability.
Key Design Features of the Faction Dictator 3.0
The Dictator 3.0 boasts several notable design elements that contribute to its performance:
- Two sheets of metal supporting an energetic wood core
- Tip and tail rocker for versatility in various snow conditions
- 106mm waist width for all-mountain capabilities
- Elliptical sidecut for improved turn initiation and speed control
- Austrian manufacturing for enhanced durability
Construction and Materials
The 19/20-21/22 Dictator 3.0 maintains much of its predecessor’s construction while introducing some key changes:
- Retained two sheets of metal and fiberglass laminate
- Switched to a pure poplar wood core (previously poplar/paulownia)
- Moved production to Austria for improved durability
- Sintered base for better glide and durability
How does the construction affect the ski’s performance?
The metal laminate construction provides stability and power, while the poplar core offers a responsive and lively feel. The shift to Austrian manufacturing has reportedly enhanced the ski’s overall durability, addressing potential concerns from previous models.
Shape and Rocker Profile Analysis
The Dictator 3.0’s shape remains similar to its predecessors, with some refinements:
- Tapered shovel with a “straight” section near the widest point
- Less tapered tail for improved edge hold
- Moderate tip and tail rocker lines
- Deeper tip rocker line and increased tip splay compared to the original version
- Long effective edge for stability
How does the shape compare to other skis in its class?
The Dictator 3.0’s shape is comparable to skis like the Fischer Ranger 107 Ti and Nordica Enforcer 104 Free. It features more tip taper than the Volkl Katana 108 and Black Crows Corvus. The rocker profile is relatively shallow for a 106mm-wide ski, similar to the Rossignol BLACKOPS Sender Ti and 4FRNT MSP 107.
Flex Pattern Breakdown
The Dictator 3.0 maintains a strong flex pattern throughout:
- Tips: 7-7.5 (moderately stiff)
- Shovels: 7.5-8.5 (stiffening progressively)
- In front of toe piece: 9-10 (very stiff)
- Underfoot: 10 (extremely stiff)
- Behind heel piece: 10-9 (very stiff, slight softening)
- Tails: 9-8.5 (stiff, with slight give at the very end)
How does the flex compare to other skis in its category?
The Dictator 3.0’s flex pattern is similar to the Rossignol BLACKOPS Sender Ti, though it stiffens more quickly from the shovels to the midsection. It’s not quite as stiff as the Fischer Ranger 107 Ti and flexes similarly to the Blizzard Cochise 106, with slightly softer tips and shovels. Compared to the Volkl Katana 108, the Dictator has softer tips and shovels but a stiffer tail section.
Sidecut and Turn Radius
The 188 cm Dictator 3.0 features a stated sidecut radius of 23 meters. This puts it in the mid-range for skis of similar width designed for all-mountain and freeride use. The moderate turn radius suggests a balance between quick turn initiation and high-speed stability.
What does the sidecut radius mean for the ski’s performance?
A 23-meter radius indicates that the Dictator 3.0 should be capable of both medium and long-radius turns. This versatility allows skiers to adapt their turn shape to varying terrain and snow conditions. The elliptical sidecut design aims to prevent the ski from hooking up unexpectedly at high speeds, enhancing control and maneuverability.
On-Snow Performance and Versatility
While comprehensive on-snow testing is still ongoing, initial impressions and design analysis suggest the Dictator 3.0 is well-suited for:
- High-speed stability on groomed runs
- Powerful performance in variable snow conditions
- Versatility in fresh snow and chopped-up terrain
- Quick edge-to-edge transitions for a ski of this width
- Stable landing platform for jumps and drops
Is the Dictator 3.0 suitable for all-day resort skiing?
Given its strong construction and moderate width, the Dictator 3.0 should be capable of all-day resort skiing for advanced and expert skiers. Its versatility allows it to handle a variety of conditions, from groomers to powder stashes. However, its stiff flex and metal construction may be demanding for less experienced skiers or those preferring a more forgiving ride.
Comparing the Dictator 3.0 to Its Competitors
To better understand the Dictator 3.0’s place in the market, let’s compare it to some key competitors:
- vs. Blizzard Cochise 106: Similar flex patterns, with the Cochise having slightly stiffer tips and shovels
- vs. Volkl Katana 108: The Dictator has softer tips and shovels but a stiffer tail
- vs. Fischer Ranger 107 Ti: The Dictator is slightly less stiff overall
- vs. Nordica Enforcer 104 Free: Similar tip taper, but the Dictator likely offers more high-speed stability
- vs. Rossignol BLACKOPS Sender Ti: Comparable flex patterns, with the Dictator stiffening more quickly in the forebody
How does the Dictator 3.0 stand out from its competitors?
The Dictator 3.0 distinguishes itself through its combination of high-speed stability, versatility in various snow conditions, and the ability to make both tight and large-radius turns. Its elliptical sidecut and balanced flex pattern aim to provide a more accessible ride than some competitors without sacrificing performance for expert skiers.
Who Is the Ideal Skier for the Faction Dictator 3.0?
Based on its design and performance characteristics, the Faction Dictator 3.0 is best suited for:
- Advanced to expert skiers
- Those who prioritize stability and power at high speeds
- Skiers who enjoy both on-piste carving and off-piste exploration
- Freeriders who frequently tackle big mountain lines
- Skiers looking for a versatile one-ski quiver for all-mountain use
Can intermediate skiers enjoy the Dictator 3.0?
While the Dictator 3.0 is more accessible than its predecessor, it remains a demanding ski. Intermediate skiers may find it challenging due to its stiff flex and powerful nature. However, strong intermediates looking to progress their skills and increase their speed might appreciate the stability and confidence it provides as they advance to more aggressive skiing styles.
The Faction Dictator 3.0 represents a refined approach to the metal-laminate, all-mountain charger category. By balancing high-speed stability with improved versatility and accessibility, Faction has created a ski that caters to expert skiers seeking a powerful tool for varied terrain and snow conditions. As testing continues, a clearer picture of its on-snow performance and how it truly stacks up against the competition will emerge, helping potential buyers make an informed decision on whether the Dictator 3.0 is the right ski for their needs and abilities.
2021-2022 Faction Dictator 3.0 | Blister
Intro
Back in 2017, Faction launched a new series of skis: the Dictators. They were very strong, flat-tailed, and included two sheets of metal in their construction.
The Dictator series has remained in Faction’s lineup since, but it’s also gone through a lot of changes over the years (listen to Ep. #115 of our GEAR:30 podcast with Faction for more on the progression). The current 106mm-wide Dictator 3.0 was updated for the 19/20 season, and returns unchanged for the 20/21 and 21/22 seasons, apart from graphics.
We found the original (17/18–18/19) Dictator 3.0 to be a very demanding ski that was best reserved for experts, but Faction says the latest version is considerably more accessible, without compromising on power and stability at high speeds. So we recently started getting time on the revised Dictator 3.0 to see how it compares to the previous version, as well as some other directional, metal-laminate skis in this class.
Blister Members can check out our initial impressions in our Flash Review, but while we get more time on the ski, let’s take a closer look at its design:
What Faction says about the Dictator 3.0
“The Dictator 3.0 is the must-have one-stop-shop for the freerider who frequently chases bigger lines, yet needs a ski that excels in all conditions. Two sheets of metal support the energetic wood core, so you can comfortably go full-throttle. With tip and tail rocker and a girthy waist, this ski blasts through fresh snow and hearty chowder like an absolute boss. Its Elliptical sidecut ensures it doesn’t hook up at high speeds, allowing you to lace tight turns or throw on the brakes at a moment’s notice. Designed & tested at Faction’s home in Verbier, Switzerland, handmade in Austria at the finest manufacturing facilities in the world. Built to last.”
This is fairly standard copy for a metal-laminate ski that’s placed in the “hard charging” end of the spectrum.
That said — and as with the original Dictator skis — Faction also emphasizes that the Dictator 3.0 is supposed to let you make tight turns and quickly shed speed, rather than purely being designed to make massive turns down the fall line.
Construction
The 19/20–21/22 Dictator 3.0’s general construction is pretty similar to the 17/18–18/19 version’s. The latest iteration still features two sheets of metal, a fiberglass laminate, and a sintered base, but it now features a purely poplar wood core, rather than the poplar / paulownia wood core in the older version. And an arguably bigger change is that Faction switched factories for the newer Dictators, with them now being made in Austria, which Faction says has helped in terms of making the skis more durable.
Shape / Rocker Profile
The Dictator 3.0’s shape is one thing that doesn’t look drastically different compared to the older versions of the ski. This ski still has a fairly tapered shovel with a “straight” section around the widest point, making it look fairly similar to skis like the Fischer Ranger 107 Ti and Nordica Enforcer 104 Free, and more tapered than the Volkl Katana 108 and Black Crows Corvus.
The Dictator 3.0’s tail isn’t as tapered as its tip, and overall, its effective edge is pretty long.
The current Dictator 3.0 still has pretty moderate tip and tail rocker lines and a long cambered section, but compared to the first version of the ski, the newest Dictator 3.0 has a deeper tip rocker line and more tip splay, and maybe a slightly deeper tail rocker line. Compared to the whole market of ~106mm-wide skis, the Dictator 3.0 has pretty shallow rocker lines, falling in line with skis like the Rossignol BLACKOPS Sender Ti, 4FRNT MSP 107, and Fischer Ranger 107 Ti.
Flex Pattern
Here’s how we’d characterize the flex pattern of the Dictator 3.0:
Tips: 7-7.5
Shovels: 7.5-8.5
In Front of Toe Piece: 9-10
Underfoot: 10
Behind the Heel Piece: 10-9
Tails: 9-8.5
The Dictator 3.0 is still a very strong ski. Its tips and shovels aren’t unbendable, but I’d call them stiffer than average. And then the ski is quite stout around the bindings and finishes with a stiff tail, though the end of its tail might be a touch softer than the original, 17/18–18/19 Dictator 3.
0.
The Dictator 3.0’s flex pattern isn’t super far off from the Rossignol BLACKOPS Sender Ti’s, though the Dictator’s flex pattern stiffens up more quickly as you move from the shovels to the middle of the ski. Overall, the Dictator 3.0 isn’t quite as stiff as the Fischer Ranger 107 Ti, and it flexes pretty similarly to the Blizzard Cochise 106, with the Cochise’s tips and shovels being a bit stronger. Compared to the Volkl Katana 108, the Dictator’s tips and shovels are a bit softer, but it’s a bit stiffer behind the bindings.
Sidecut Radius
The stated sidecut radius of the 188 cm Dictator 3.0 is 23 meters, which is around the middle of the pack compared to other similarly wide skis that are designed to be skied fast and hard. That radius isn’t as long as the Prior Husume or Dynastar M-Pro 105’s, but it’s a bit longer than the radii on skis like the Fischer Ranger 107 Ti, Nordica Enforcer 104 Free, and Black Crows Corvus.
Mount Point
The recommended mount point on the 20/21 Dictator 3.
0 we have is about -11.3 cm from the true center of the ski. That’s pretty far back, though certainly not out of the ordinary for a ski in this class. We know some folks who have preferred the ski mounted a cm or two forward of that mount point, so we’ll be doing some experimenting during our testing.
Faction Dictator 3.0 All Mountain Skis
The Faction Dictator 3.0 skis are for skiers who chase the bigger lines but needs a ski that excels in all conditions. This ski floats through fresh snow and chowder like a boss, doesn’t hook up at high speeds and ensures you can lace tight turns or smear out your turn when you need to. The ski floats through powder with ease thanks to surf zone technology and a dual radius sidecut means you can lace tight turns or smear out a turn when you need to.
The Faction Dictator 3.0 all mountain skis are 106mm underfoot, with 4mm of camber, a tapered tip and tail, and a mellow rocker profile. The dual-radius sidecut and tapered tip and tail make it easy and quick to turn when things gets technical.
Solid dampening and a long sidecut in the tail let you put the pedal to the metal when you want to open it up for a smooth, fast-paced descent, whilst a shorter sidecut and rocker in the tip allow for quick turns in tight space.
With Dual Titanal layers burly enough for GS, coupled with a lightweight, responsive Paulownia/Poplar core, this hard-charging chassis has got quads of steel and a freeride soul.
Squared off tails are great for attaching climbing skins.
Dual Radius Sidecut:
A tighter radius forward of the boot center coupled with a 20% larger sidecut behind – increases the edge-to-edge responsiveness so you can carve short turns while retaining high speed stability and control through the tail of the ski.
All Faction skis are backed by a two year warranty.
SPECS:
Tip. Waist. Tail: 134-106-124mm
Lengths: 172,180,188cm
Turn Radius: 21m @ 180cm
Weight: 1950 @ 180cm grams per ski
Tip rocker: 10mm rise over 382mm
Tail rocker: 5mm rise over 299mm
Camber: 4mm
CONSTRUCTION:
Sandwich construction
Pawlownia/poplar core
Dual titanal layer
Die-cut Ptex 3000
Brushed topsheet
Flex 8 out of 10
FULL STRENGTH SIDEWALL
ANTI-CHIP MICRO-CAP
DUAL RADIUS SIDECUT
In front of the binding, a shorter radius sidecut provides quick response and control for tighter turns while a longer radius in the tail keeps you stable, feeling solid when you’re charging.
The result is a ski that surfs seamlessly between different turn angles and never drags.
FUSION LIGHT CORE: PAULOWNIA, POPLAR
The mix of these two woods results in a lightweight core with excellent responsiveness and rebound, complimenting and offsetting the two full layers of Titanal metal sandwiched on either side of it.
DUAL TITANAL
Its isotropic qualities, equally strong in all directions, mean that the ski loves being on an edge, blasts through bumps and feels stable even in changeable snow, making it the perfect chassis for a holy grail, hard-charging freeride ski.
SURF ZONES
Surf Zone tech unites Rocker and Tip Taper design to make sure these two key features work in harmony. Rocker provides float and facilitates pivoting, while a Tapered Tip moves the widest part of the ski closer to the centre and removes unwanted hooking.
FREERIDE FLAT TAIL
Traditional flat tail design is built for speed, ultimate edge grip and control throughout charging turns.
Brought into the modern day with a slight tail rocker, this shape is easier than ever to slash your turn into a slarve and won’t hook up in fresh conditions.
Faction Dictator 3.0 2019 – 2020 Ski | Review
Coupling the hard man build is a subtle tip and tail rocker which gives as much surface area on the snow as possible, whilst also ensuring soft snow performance is upheld. The shape also follows suit, with a dual-cut radius promoting high speed turns whilst all that metal allows you to blast through anything that stands in your way; crud, moguls, or even the odd punter.
Saying that, whilst the two sheets of metal make it a fantastic downhill performer, it does add on a fair bit of weight to the skis – coming in at 1950 grams in the 178 cm length.
“All that metal allows you to blast through anything that stands in your way”
As you can see, this ski isn’t going to be suitable for the one-week-a-year holiday skier who does a couple of laps before calling it at the nearest bar.
Instead, this ski is begging to be charged around resort in a whole mix of conditions, at pretty high speeds.
We’d recommend adding a downhill focused binding on, such as the Atomic Shift, or the Tyrollia Adrenalin for the full downhill charging experience on offer.
These tails got your back
Industry Insider
Anna Smoothy, Faction Marketing Manager
“The Dictator 3.0 is the one ski quiver for the freerider who chases the bigger lines but needs a ski that excels in all conditions.
“The Dictator 3.0 ski floats through fresh snow with ease and the dual span titanal eats up choppy snow like a boss. The updated elliptical radius ensures that the ski doesn’t hook up at high speeds: you can lace tight turns, or open it up on big faces, dumping speed easily when you need to”
Expert’s Verdict
Sam Anthamatten, UIAGM Mountain Guide and Faction Athlete
“The Dictator 3.0 is my ski of choice for everyday shredding.
It holds an edge at high speed, works well in tight spaces and stomps landings in a wide variety of terrain, from hard snow to deeper, fresh conditions. I especially love using it on steep couloir missions!”
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A model of the evolution of equitable offers in n-person dictator games with interbirth intervals
In the sections below, I begin by describing the behavior of agents that play DGs and then turn to the problem of how agents optimally allocate the resources they accumulate to produce offspring under the constraint of IBIs. I then analyze the variation in accumulated resources that emerges from repeatedly playing DGs. This analysis reveals that patterns of variation in accumulated resources change as the number of dictators and recipients changes in n-person DGs. These patterns of variation reveal that different offer strategies achieve resource equitability as a function of the number of dictators and recipients in a DG.
I next introduce a resource deficit model in which IBIs lengthen as a consequence of running resource deficits caused by resource variation. Finally, I show that equitable offer strategies can evolve—in populations structured by groups (see Fig. 1)—by minimizing resource deficits via increasing resource equitability and that strategies evolve in patterns consistent with results from classical 2-person DGs as well as for congestible altruism (more recipients than dictators) and the bystander effect (more dictators than recipients) experiments.
DGs and agent resource accumulation
An n-person DG (DGk,n) consists of k dictators and n − k recipients (see “Discussion” for interpretations of agents). On each time step, a proportion k/n of the agents are randomly assigned as dictators and the remaining 1 − k/n agents are recipients. Each dictator receives a resource endowment R (i.e., resources devoted solely to producing offspring) and recipients receive nothing.
{k}{p}_{i}R}{n-k},\quad recipient,\end{array}\right.$$
(1)
where xt = 0 at t = 0 or at birth and, as a recipient, an agent sums the offers from k dictators each with their own offer strategies pi. Because the total resources available on each time step is kR and the total number of agents is n, the expected return for an agent participating in a game is kR/n.
Optimal allocation of resources for reproduction
So far, I have defined how agents repeatedly play n-person DGs and accumulate resources over time to reproduce. The next step is to model how agents convert resources they acquire from repeatedly playing n-person DGs into offspring under the constraint of IBIs. Because this is an optimization problem, the appropriate starting point is optimal reproductive resource allocation theory14, which concerns how resources are optimally allocated among three demands: growth, body maintenance, and reproduction.
As with most evolutionary game-theoretical approaches to cooperation, I assumed that all resources accumulated by repeatedly playing games are devoted to reproduction (though resources for survival are also important15, but not investigated here) and that the optimization problem for agents is to convert these resources into the maximum number of offspring given the expected resources obtained from repeatedly playing DGs.
On the assumption that agents obtain resource by playing DGs, the expected total resources accumulated over a lifetime is the expected return from playing a DGk,n (i.e., kR/n) at each time-step times the total number of time-steps in a lifetime. If the lifetime of an agent is ω (measured in time steps), then the expected total resources accumulated over a lifetime is ωkR/n. If Io units of resources are required to produce an offspring then the optimal number of offspring, m, that an agent can be expected to produce in a lifetime is its accumulated lifetime resources (ωkR/n) divided by the units (Io) required to produce an offspring, which is given by Eq.
(2)
$$m={}\omega\frac{kR}{n{I}_{o}}.$$
(2)
Reproductive biology in mammals and other vertebrates places a time constraint (i.e., IBIs) on the optimal allocation of reproductive resources. IBIs constrain the rate of reproduction and are the result of processes such as gestation, lactation, and parental care13. Gestation places a minimal bound on IBIs and in humans gestation is approximately nine months16. Periods of deprivation can affect hormonal and physiological mechanisms that reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and thereby lengthen IBIs17,18. Gestation can be shorter than the typical nine months with resource scarcity but it results in lower offspring viability18. IBIs are, at a minimum, the length of gestation and typically much longer in natural fertility populations due to extended parental care, in particular, lactation13,16. Modulation of IBIs by resource scarcity and variability has arguably been critical for the evolution of human social behavior19,20,21.
The optimal number of offspring, m, can be achieved under the constraint of IBIs if the duration of the IBIτ0 coincides with the accumulation of Io resources. On the assumption that selection optimizes the length of τ0 to match the expected accumulation resources required to produce an offspring (Io), Io can be defined in terms of τ0 as in Eq. (3)
$${I}_{o}={}\tau_{0}\frac{kR}{n}.$$
(3)
To the extent that an agent fails to evenly distribute its available resources over its IBIs, it can suffer decreased fitness via longer IBIs. Note that as defined, Io is in units (kR/n) of playing τ0 games. To avoid possible discrete effects of assuming the expected return of each game is a multiple of Io, normal random variation was introduced into the resource endowment R for each dictator in each game (see “Methods”, Simple Agent Model).
Variation in accumulated resources
As defined above, while an agent accumulates reproductive resources at an expected rate of kR/n per time step, there is also resource variation generated over time based on the offer strategy it uses and the strategies used by other agents. Playing DGs introduces variation into the accumulation of resources and does so as a function of the offer strategies used by agents. For populations in which agents use different offer strategies, the resource variation generated over time is not analytically tractable. However, if all agents in a population play the same offer strategy (i.e., the population is homogenous with respect to offer strategy), then the variation in accumulated resources overtime can be analyzed as a function of offer strategies.
On each time step, I assumed that each agent is a dictator or recipient and that these roles are randomly determined as defined above. Because the roles of agents are randomly determined on each time step, the variance in resources on each time step is independent of previous time steps, which allows the calculation of the expected variation for a DGk,n for each time step and for the accumulated variation over multiple time steps (see “Methods”, Resource Variation).
{2}(n-k)}}}{{\tau }_{0}kR}.$$
(4)
Equation (4) demonstrates that accumulated resource variation is minimized when agents use offer strategies that increase resource equitability among players. To illustrate this result, coefficients of variation were calculated for offer strategies in five different DGk,n (i.e., DG3,4, DG2,3, DG1,2, DG1,3, and DG1,4), selected to represent cases from more dictators than recipients (i.e., bystander effect) to more recipients than dictators (i.e., congestible altruism).
Two sets of coefficients of variation were calculated for IBIs of τ0 = 270 (corresponding to an approximate 9-month gestation period, Fig. 2a) and for τ0 = 730 (corresponding to two-years of gestation, lactation, and parental effort, Fig. 2b), which assumes daily games (see “Discussion” for a discussion of the time units problem). More equitable offer strategies have lower coefficients of variation than less equitable offer strategies (Fig. 2a,b). However, the range of relative variation in resource accumulation decreases as τ0 increases from 270 to 730 (cf. Fig. 2a,b), which indicates that although variance in accumulated resources increases as τ0 increases, relative variation decreases.
Figure 2
Accumulated resource variation as measured by coefficients of variation for the five DGk,n. For all but DG1,2, minimal coefficients of variation are not achieved because the minimum is achieved only when p = 1 − k/n, which does not always correspond to values in the range p = 0, …, 1.0 in increments of 0.1. Note that while accumulated resource variation for τ0 = 270 (a) and τ0 = 730 (b) have the same form, the range of the relative variation for τ0 = 270 is higher than for τ0 = 730.
Variability in the accumulation of resources has real-world consequences for reproduction. For example, in times of resource restriction, menstrual cycle variability among women increases and fecundity decreases, which contributes to variability in IBIs17,18. Evidence suggests that fetal loss, especially early in pregnancy, may be sensitive to resource availability as well as fetal growth and the resumption of fecundity postpartum18. Fecundity around the time of conception is especially sensitive to short-term changes in availability of resources18. Resource shortages can reduce resources available to nursing offspring and increase mortality. Thus, IBIs will vary and resource deficits can lengthen IBIs13.
The cost of running resource deficits
A simple approach to modeling the effect of resource deficits is to introduce a time cost, c (0 ≤ c ≤ 1), for running resource deficits below a deficit-level cutoff γ (0 < γ < 1) in the expected accumulation of resources. For example, the duration of lactation is affected by the nutritional status of a woman, which in turn affects the resumption of menses and lengthen IBIs (Ellison, 1994). If T is the time since an agent last gave birth (or was born), then the expected accumulation of resources as time passes during an IBI is
$$\widehat{x}=T\frac{kR}{n},$$
(5)
where \(\widehat{x}\) is the expected accumulation of resources and T = 1 after giving birth (or its own birth), otherwise T = T + 1. If the actual accumulation of resources (xt) falls sufficiently below the expected accumulation of resources (i.e., xt < \(\gamma \widehat{x}\)), then a resource deficit occurs.
The optimal IBI that an agent can have in this model is τ0, but since resource deficits lengthen IBIs, a variable IBI, τ, is introduced such that τ = τ0 when an agent is born or after an agent gives birth, but lengthens with resource deficits that fall below \(\gamma \widehat{x}\). If an agent runs a resource deficit, a portion of τ0 (cτ0) is added to τ as defined by Eq. (6), which assumes Eqs. (1) and (5) above
$$\tau =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\tau +c{}\tau_{0}&\quad {x}_{t}<\gamma \widehat{x} \\ {\tau }_{0} &\quad \text{agent is born or gives }birth \\ \tau &\quad \mathrm{otherwise},\end{array}\right.$$
(6)
where xt is an agent’s accumulated resources (see Eq. 1) at t. Thus, if at any given time step an agent runs a resource deficit, τ is increased according to Eq. (6).
The effect of running resource deficits are longer IBIs, which are caused, for example, by prolonged lactation or delays in the resumption of menses13. More sophisticated models could explicitly incorporate different kinds of time costs during different phases of reproduction, but the proposed simple model aims only to determine whether reducing resource deficits could favor the evolution of equitable offer strategies. This model does allow the accumulation of excess resources early during an IBI, but it does not allow resource deficits without lengthening an IBI. A lucky non-generous agent that accumulated abundant resources early in life could carry these excess resources throughout life and thereby produce an optimal number of offspring. However, a group of equitable agents could also insure running fewer resource deficits by more equitably distributing resources over time among group members and thereby minimize their IBIs and increasing their reproductive rate.
Birth
Births occur when both sufficient resources have been accumulated and at least τ time steps have occurred since an agent was born or last gave birth as defined by Eq. (7)
$$birth=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\mathrm{true}} ,\quad {x}_{t}\ge {I}_{o}{{ \& }} T\ge \tau \\ {\mathrm{false}},\quad {\mathrm{otherwise}}.\end{array}\right.$$
(7)
The agent’s reproductive resources are then decremented by \({I}_{o}\) (i.e., the resources required to produce an offspring) as defined by Eq. (8).
$${x}_{i,t}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{x}_{t}-{I}_{o},&\quad birth \\ {x}_{t}, &\quad \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{array}\right.$$
(8)
Finally, assuming a population of maximum size N (10,000 agents in these simulations). Reproduction was constrained analogous to a Moran process22, such that a newly born offspring enters the population only if the current population size is less than N otherwise the offspring agent “dies”.
Equation (8) allows for the complete carryover of any excess reproductive resources from the previous reproductive period. Allowing complete carryover could favor the non-generous strategy on occasions when more resources than expected are accumulated and carried over to the next reproductive period. Although more extensively studied in birds than mammals, resource carryover effects from one reproductive period or season to the next have been found to affect fitness23,24. Little is known about the quantitative effects of resource carryover on fitness in animals (O’Connor et al., 2014). In elk, the fecundity of cows and survival of calves are very sensitive to 10–20% carryover of the digestible energy content of food24. For human, if resource carryover was in a 10–20% range it could favor the evolution of more equitable offers because non-generous agents would be constrained in the quantity of resources that they could carryover. Resource carryover is not modeled here because of the lack of information, but constraining carryover would be biologically more realistic and likely favor more equitable strategies.
Relative fitness of offer strategies in homogenous populations
If it is possible for equitable offer strategies to evolve, they must do better against themselves than less equitable strategies do against themselves because equitable offer strategies always do worse against less equitable strategies. Thus, simulations were run to assess the effects of resource variation on the relative fitness of different offer strategies played against themselves in homogenous populations (see “Methods”, Simple Agent Model).
First, I considered the situation of no cost (c = 0) to running a resource deficit. We see that variation in the accumulation of resources does play a role in the relative fitness differences among offer strategies (Supplementary Fig. S3). However, as IBIs increase in length, the effect of resource variation on relative fitness rapidly diminishes. That is, the range of relative fitness values decreased over four-fold from τ0 = 10 to τ0 = 270 (Supplementary Fig. S3a,b) as did the range of relative IBIs of these strategies (cf. Supplementary Fig. S3c,d). This is not surprising since the magnitude of relative variation decreases with increasing IBIs (see Fig. 2).
Next, I introduced a small cost to running resource deficits (c = 0.01) with a deficit limit of λ = 0.9. As illustrated in Fig. 3, unlike the case of c = 0, the relative fitness of offer strategies remained constant with increasing IBIs of τ0 = 270 and τ0 = 730. These results demonstrate that more equitable offer strategies can achieve higher relative fitness than less equitable strategies and that they do so by reducing resource variability and thereby reducing the costs of resource deficits.
Figure 3
The effects of accumulated resource variation on the relative fitness and the relative IBIs of offer strategies for the five DGk,n for c = 0.01 and γ = 0.9. Plots of the relative fitness values for offer strategies are nearly the same for τ = 270 (a) and τ = 730 (b). A similar effect occurs for the relative IBIs in (c) when compared to (d).
The evolution of equitable offer strategies
Because the relative fitness of equitable offer strategies played against themselves are greater than the relative fitness of less equitable offer strategies played against themselves, it should be possible for equitable agents to invade populations of non-generous agents if there is a mechanism that allows equitable agents to non-randomly assort. Population structure is a well-known mechanism that allows cooperators to assort12. Thus, to investigate whether equitable offer strategies could invade homogenous populations of non-generous agents, I ran simulations for populations structured by groups and, for controlled comparison, unstructured populations (see “Methods”, Agent-Based Model). All populations had a maximum size of N = 10,000 agents and groups randomly divided into two groups when they reached a size of 20 (see “Methods”, Agent-Based Model). There were 11 possible offer strategies ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 in increments of 0.1. An offspring inherited its parent strategy and mutations to other strategies occurred at rate r = 0.01.
For the case of no cost (c = 0) for running a resource deficit, equitable offer strategies could invade non-generous populations for very short IBIs (τ0 = 10), but for longer IBIs, this effect rapidly diminished as expected (see Supplementary Fig. S4, for τ0 = 10, 100, 270). However, when there was a small cost to running resource deficits (c = 0.01) and the deficit-level cutoff was λ = 0.9, then for both τ0 = 270 and τ0 = 730, equitable offer strategies invaded populations of non-generous agents at similar levels (Fig. 4a,b) but they could not invade when populations were unstructured (Fig. 4c,d). A notable difference between τ0 = 270 and τ0 = 730 occurred for DG3,4. For τ0 = 270 mean offers evolved to the same level for both DG2,3 and DG3,4, but for τ0 = 730, three out of five of the simulated populations playing DG3,4 evolved to a lower than DG2,3. Nevertheless, in general, DGs with more recipients (DG1,3, DG1,4) evolved higher mean offers than DGs with only one recipient (DG1,2, DG2,3, DG3,4) and DGs with more dictators (DG2,3, DG3,4) evolved lower mean offers than DGs with only one dictator (DG1,2, DG1,3, DG1,4). These results align with the pattern of empirical data on congestible altruism (i.e., DGs with multiple recipients) and the bystander effect (i.e., DGs with multiple dictators).
Figure 4
Invasion analysis of equitable offer strategies in group-structured and unstructured populations forγ = 0.9 and c = 0.01. Evolved mean offers in structured populations for τ0 = 270 (a) and τ0 = 730 (b) and for corresponding unstructured populations (c) and (d) respectively.
Evolved mean offer should decrease when either the deficit-level cutoff, λ, is decreased or the time cost, c, to running a deficit is lowered. When the deficit-level cutoff, λ, was decreased, evolved mean offers decrease slightly (see Supplementary Fig. S5). For example, for λ = 0.85 and λ = 0.8 with c = 0.01, evolved mean offers across games slightly decreased (Supplementary Fig. S5). The largest relative drop for evolved mean offers was for DG2,3, which dropped from 19.5% on average for λ = 0.9 to 12% for λ = 0.8. Lowering the time cost (c = 0.005) also slightly lowered evolved mean offers (Supplementary Fig. S5). Thus, for both parameters, evolved mean offers gradually decreased (Supplementary Fig. S5) as the cost of running a resource deficit decreased to no cost at all (cf. Supplementary Figs. S4 and S5).
Group size and offspring dispersion
These effects clearly depend on ability of more equitable agents to non-randomly assort with each other, which can occur in viscous populations such as modeled here25,26. However, as group size and offspring dispersion increases, the ability of equitable offer strategies to invade should decrease. To assess how group size and offspring dispersion impacts the evolution of equitable offers, I systematically varied maximum group size (i.e., 20, 40, and 80) and offspring dispersion rates (i.e., 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) for τ0 = 270. As illustrated in Fig. 5, equitable offer strategies were increasingly less likely to evolve as maximum group size increased or offspring dispersal increased. For a maximum group size of 80 and offspring dispersal rates greater than 0.03, even for multi-recipient games, equitable offer strategies could not invade.
Figure 5
Invasion analysis of equitable offer strategies in group-structured and unstructured populations for τ0 = 270, γ = 0.9, and c = 0.01, where group size and offspring dispersal rates were systematically varied. As group size and offspring dispersal rates increased, the evolution of equitable offers decreased. The selection for equitable offers decreases most rapidly for multi-dictator games and least rapidly for multi-recipient games.
Although equitable offer strategies could not invade when group size was too large or as offspring dispersal increased (Fig. 5), equitable offer strategies do have fitness advantages when they can assort with other equitable strategies. This opens up the possibility that other approaches could also facilitate the evolution of equitable offer strategies by increasing the likelihood of the assortment of equitable strategies. Such approaches could include strong reciprocity27, costly signaling28, and walking away from less equitable agents29.
Crime & The City Solution – The Last Dictator III Lyrics
Back among the flashing lights of Paradise, his lair
The Last Dictator sat in a chair
And of all the world he was unaware
Till his wife sidled up and said ‘Sir’
(As he liked to be known to his family and friends)
‘You’re very quiet’
When he broke forth in a Southern drawl
The gems he’d gleaned from out-house walls:
‘Make no mistake – Hate
Don’t delay, don’t wait to defend your realm and State – Hate’
‘That’s good, dear’ said Eve with a prideful tear
‘I’m glad to hear that it’s no longer Fear’
Well he reached out and grabbed her firmly about the rear
And said ‘Oh please, just one more beer
I’ll do it – but just one more beer’
‘Do you think you’d better, dear?’
She said in a voice so menacingly severe
The whole neighbourhood eagerly cocked an ear
Well Dick laughed, and with a placating whine
Said ‘Oh Evie, it’ll be different this time
Now eat your humility soup
And get out my accoutrements and sacred wine
We’re going to the top this time’
Much moved by his own words and several beers
The Last Dictator wiped his tears
As the Angels did appear
And said ‘we’d like very much to hear
What exactly it is that you fear
That we may have this devil hooved
And we trust removed
Trust us’
‘I trusted someone once
They said stand on this wall
I was but three foot tall
The wall was somewhat more
They said jump and I’ll catch you
I jumped but I landed on a stone, with a groan
My leg was broken and that word in my name
Has never since been spoken
From this habit should I now be woken?
I trusted someone once
I trusted someone once
I trusted someone once’
‘That you’ve been badly used is clear
Dick, that’s a terrible fear
It certainly sounds like one rough night
Many would have given up your noble fight
Turned their backs and taken flight’
‘Yeah, but just knowing that I was right
Has helped me through plight after plight’
‘Tell us please how can we make amends
What can we give you, borrow or bend?’
‘For myself I ask not a thing
I neither want nor need the comforts of a king
But the innocent need a strong wise hand
To help them navigate nature’s plan
They need a teacher and one who’s quick
Someone generous, kind, and strict
I’ll need a big stick’
‘Oh, we’ll give you a very big stick
Not like any that you’ve seen yet
We’ve raised the money and laid the bet
The cat’s in the bag, the bag’s in the river
Here’s an arrow for your quiver
So trust us, trust us
You can trust us
You can trust us
Vintage Dictator 3 1/4″ Knife*2 Blades
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90,000 Another oppositionist was stolen: the “dictator” humiliated Washington again
https://ria.ru/20210610/diktator-1736357073.html
Another oppositionist was stolen: the “dictator” again humiliated Washington
Another oppositionist was stolen: ” dictator “humiliated Washington again – RIA Novosti, 06/10/2021
Another oppositionist was stolen:” dictator “humiliated Washington again
Yesterday the official visit of the President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov to Turkey started. It began with a tete-a-tete meeting with the Turkish President.RIA Novosti, 10.06.2021
2021-06-10T08: 00
2021-06-10T08: 00
2021-06-10T08: 06
worldwide
Authors
Kazakhstan
Ankara
USA
fethullah gulen
sadyr zhaparov
/ html / head / meta [@ name = ‘og: title’] / @ content
/ html / head / meta [@ name = ‘og: description’] / @ content
https://cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/07e5/06/0a/1736399539_116:480:2730:1950_1920x0_80_0_0_4f9e61a9894765ab08b8b7873a167a8f.jpg
Yesterday the official visit of the President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov to Turkey started. It began with a tete-a-tete meeting with the Turkish President. The Kyrgyz authorities do not hide that they expect during the trip to reach agreements on investments and financial assistance to the country from Ankara. The republic is in an acute economic crisis, as it has once again found out that the revolution – the third in fifteen years – is not a way to solve all problems in one fell swoop. large-scale geopolitical changes that the world is experiencing.The bottom line is that on June 1, Orkhan Inandy, a Turk who has been living in Kyrgyzstan since the 1990s, disappeared in Bishkek. He created an extensive network of educational institutions “Sapat” in the republic, which includes numerous lyceums, schools and even a university. His wife is sure that her husband is on the territory of the Turkish embassy, where he is being tortured and forced to renounce Kyrgyz citizenship. Inanda is a rather noticeable figure for Kyrgyzstan, since the absolute majority of the children of the local elite receive education in the educational institutions he runs.Now rallies are being held in Bishkek – near the Government House and the Turkish Embassy – demanding to prevent his illegal export from the country. But what is the Turkish authorities’ interest in Orhan Inanda, that they are suspected of such an extreme special operation as kidnapping? The answer is simple: Fethullah Gulen. The one who is usually called a Turkish public figure, writer and Islamic preacher, who stands on the principles of pacifism and “offers a new modern view of Islam.” Essentially, however, Gulen is an American project of influence in the Islamic world – a project impressive in its scope and ambition.Gulen has been living in the United States since 1999, but his supporters, associates and people who simply sympathize with him live and work actively all over the world – and the education sector is at the center of his movement. Dozens of “Gulen schools” have been created from Germany to Afghanistan. The Kyrgyz educational network Sapat is one of them, although its leadership insists that the existing connection is completely informal. The Turkish leadership and President Erdogan personally consider Fethullah Gulen to be almost their main enemy.It is he who is accused of organizing the attempted military coup in 2016. The large-scale purges that followed in the country in the army, special services, government bodies, educational institutions, and so on pursued their goal of freeing them from the Gulenists, who have indeed become a very impressive force there over the past decades. And the public movement created by the preacher is officially recognized as terrorist in Turkey. All attempts by Ankara to get the US to extradite Gulen himself have failed.However, the Turkish authorities are actively fighting the Gulen movement and its prominent figures not only in Turkey, but also outside the country. Orhan Inandy has long come to the attention of Turkish law enforcement agencies. In 2019, they tried to extradite him to his homeland, accusing him of training terrorists and other serious crimes. Kyrgyzstan then refused to extradite, and, according to Bishkek, “after that, bilateral relations cooled.” And now the mysterious disappearance of Inanda has happened, although it is worth noting that this is far from the first such case.For example, three years ago, in July 2018, an attempt to kidnap the head of the “Gulen schools” in Mongolia was suppressed in Ulan Bator. Veysel Aksai was captured for several hours by unknown assailants, and a Turkish charter plane was waiting at the capital’s airport. The Mongolian authorities showed impressive will: they forbade the plane to take off and issued a statement about “an unacceptable act of violation of Mongolia’s sovereignty and independence.” As a result, the plane flew off without Aksai on board, and he himself was released.True, there is a fundamental difference between these two stories, which is likely to predetermine the outcome of the Inanda case: Kyrgyzstan desperately needs Turkish investments in its economy, for which President Japarov went to Ankara. In recent years, it has become a common practice, which Ankara actually does not hide and is openly proud of its achievements in this field. Estimates vary, but in any case, we are talking about dozens of the preacher’s associates who were kidnapped and transported to Turkey.The previous high-profile case was the successful operation to seize Gulen’s nephew Selahaddin Gulen in Kenya in May of this year. And all these processes could be considered within the framework of the usual scheme, where the state is actively fighting a hostile organization, if not for one thing: for Gulen and his movement is the United States. Yes, the original plan was different and assumed the transformation of Turkey into a state base for Gulenism, which would provide additional powerful support for its political, cultural and all other expansion in other countries with a Muslim population.But Turkey in this case was supposed to become a completely American puppet. The coming to power of Erdogan and political forces focused on the real sovereignty of Turkey destroyed this scenario. And the attempts of the Americans to use the Gulenists in Turkish internal political processes (including the most radical ones – in the form of the same coup) turned into the events described above. And now every success of the Turkish special services indicates the inability of the Americans to protect their project, their resources, an important instrument of their own “soft power.”After all, any case similar to what is happening now with Orkhan Inanda damages the reputation of the United States in the respective countries. The elites of these states send their children to study in “Gulen schools”, not least out of a desire to join the world hegemon, out of pro-American sympathies. As a result, they see a colossus with feet of clay, who can not oppose anything to a cheeky upstart who does what he sees fit and achieves success. The only thing Washington has enough for is to provide security for Fethullah Gulen himself.However, if he does manage to be kidnapped from the territory of the United States, it will become a death song for the American reputation throughout the Muslim world.
https://ria.ru/20200603/1572423447.html
https://ria.ru/20161201/1482581293.html
https://ria.ru/20191114/1560907445.html
https: / /ria.ru/20191113/1560
8.html
Kazakhstan
Ankara
USA
RIA Novosti
7 495 645-6601
FSUE MIA “Russia Today”
: // xn – c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn – p1ai / awards /
2021
Irina Alksnis
https://cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/149758/17/1497581749_0:23:741:764_100x100_80_0_0_0_a32a62625725cabf4000 : //cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/149758/17/1497581749_0: 23: 741: 764_100x100_80_0_0_a32a62625725cbf4bf6aa4608a8e8faf.jpg
. html
https: // xn – c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn – p1ai /
RIA Novosti
7 495 645-6601
FSUE MIA Rossiya Segodnya
https: //xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/awards /
https://cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/07e5/06/0a/1736399539_250:378:2470:2043_1920x0_80_0_0_d70a3d5fef91fec60ec2b3a2def6194f.jpg
–
RIA Novosti
000
FSUE MIA “Russia Today”
https: // xn – c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn – p1ai / awards /
Irina Alksnis
https://cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/149758/17/1497581749_0:23:741:764_100x100_80_0_0_a32a62625725cbf4bf8jea8608, authors
, usa, fethullah gulen, sadyr japarov
Yesterday, the official visit of the President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov to Turkey started. It began with a tete-a-tete meeting with the Turkish President. The Kyrgyz authorities do not hide that they expect during the trip to reach agreements on investments and financial assistance to the country from Ankara.The republic is in an acute economic crisis, as it has once again found out that the revolution – the third in fifteen years – is not a way to solve all problems in one fell swoop.
The background for the visit is a local and not very loud, but extremely indicative scandal, in which large-scale geopolitical changes are being experienced by the world.
The bottom line is that on June 1, Orkhan Inandy, a Turk who has been living in Kyrgyzstan since the 1990s, disappeared in Bishkek. He created an extensive network of educational institutions “Sapat” in the republic, which includes numerous lyceums, schools and even a university.His wife is sure that her husband is on the territory of the Turkish embassy, where he is being tortured and forced to renounce his Kyrgyz citizenship.
Inandy is a rather noticeable figure for Kyrgyzstan, since the absolute majority of children of the local elite receive education in the educational institutions he runs. Now rallies are taking place in Bishkek – near the Government House and the Turkish Embassy – with demands to prevent his illegal export from the country.
But what is the interest of the Turkish authorities in Orhan Inanda, that they are suspected of such an extreme special operation as a kidnapping?
3 June 2020, 18:38
Turkey accused opposition leader Gulen of supporting the unrest in the United States The answer is simple: Fethullah Gulen.The one who is usually called a Turkish public figure, writer and Islamic preacher, who stands on the principles of pacifism and “offers a new modern view of Islam.” However, in essence, Gulen is an American project of influence in the Islamic world – moreover, a project impressive in its scale and ambition. Gulen has been living in the United States since 1999, but his supporters, associates and people who simply sympathize with him live and actively work around the world – and education is at the forefront of his movement.Dozens of “Gulen schools” have been created from Germany to Afghanistan. The Kyrgyz educational network “Sapat” is one of them, although its leadership insists that the existing connection is completely informal.
The Turkish leadership and President Erdogan personally consider Fethullah Gulen to be almost their main enemy. It is he who is accused of organizing the attempted military coup in 2016. The large-scale purges that followed in the country in the army, special services, government bodies, educational institutions, and so on pursued their goal of freeing them from the Gulenists, who have indeed become a very impressive force there over the past decades.And the social movement created by the preacher is officially recognized as terrorist in Turkey.
December 1, 2016, 11:32
Kyrgyzstan will not close “Gulen” schools
All attempts by Ankara to get the US to extradite Gulen himself have failed. However, the Turkish authorities are actively fighting the Gulen movement and its prominent figures not only in Turkey, but also outside the country.
Orhan Inandy has long come to the attention of Turkish law enforcement agencies. In 2019, they tried to extradite him to his homeland, accusing him of training terrorists and other serious crimes. Kyrgyzstan then refused to extradite, and, according to Bishkek, “after that, bilateral relations cooled.”
And now the mysterious disappearance of Inanda has happened, although it is worth noting that this is far from the first such case.
For example, three years ago, in July 2018, an attempt to kidnap the head of “Gulen schools” in Mongolia was suppressed in Ulan Bator.Veysel Aksai was captured for several hours by unknown assailants, and a Turkish charter plane was waiting at the capital’s airport. The Mongolian authorities showed impressive will: they forbade the plane to take off and issued a statement about “an unacceptable act of violation of Mongolia’s sovereignty and independence.” As a result, the plane flew off without Aksai on board, and he himself was released.
14 November 2019, 01:08
Erdogan again demanded that Trump extradite Gulen
True, there is a fundamental difference between these two stories, which is likely to predetermine the outcome of the Inanda case: Kyrgyzstan desperately needs Turkish injections into its economy, for which the president Japarov and went to Ankara.
In general, the capture of the Gulenists by Turkish special services around the world in recent years has become a common practice, which Ankara actually does not hide and is openly proud of its achievements in this field. Estimates vary, but in any case, we are talking about dozens of the preacher’s associates who were kidnapped and transported to Turkey. The previous high-profile case was the successful operation to capture Gulen’s nephew Selahaddin Gulen in Kenya in May of this year.
And all these processes could be considered within the framework of the usual scheme, where the state is actively fighting against an organization hostile to it, if not for one thing: the United States is behind Gulen and his movement.
November 13, 2019, 18:55
Ankara collected information about Gulen’s supporters, media reported
Yes, the original plan was different and assumed the transformation of Turkey into a state base for Gulenism, which would provide additional powerful support for its political, cultural and all other expansion in other countries with a Muslim population. But Turkey in this case had to become a completely American puppet.
The coming to power of Erdogan and political forces focused on the real sovereignty of Turkey destroyed this scenario.And the attempts of the Americans to use the Gulenists in Turkish internal political processes (including the most radical ones – in the form of the same coup) turned into the events described above.
And now every success of the Turkish special services indicates the inability of the Americans to protect their project, their resources, an important instrument of their own “soft power”. After all, any case similar to what is happening now with Orkhan Inanda, damages the reputation of the United States in the respective countries.
The elites of these states send their children to study in “Gulen schools” not least because of the desire to join the world hegemon, out of pro-American sympathies.And in the end, they see a colossus with feet of clay, which can not oppose anything to the impudent upstart who does what he sees fit and achieves success.
The only thing Washington has enough for so far is to provide security for Fethullah Gulen himself. However, if he does manage to be kidnapped from the territory of the United States, it will become a death song for the American reputation throughout the Muslim world.
IzTolpy (IzTolpY) – Iztolpy 3 round vs Dictator Lyrics
This bitos I myself chose
Yes? Well fuck, I’m fucking
But I gave you a chance, come on
I won’t fuck it anyway: not now, never
What the fuck are Lil Pump taipes?
Here’s an under, Dictator
Duck, read it to us normally
After all, I fucked everyone so bad
With my fucking battle
Now the kid will pile up
I already smell in the padik of the plan
Childhood…. Give yagi and whitefish
I grew up under Vitya AK
Although Vitya AK did not grow
Are you more EKB than me? – It’s a shame
To prove to you, this fagot contracted AIDS
What is your position, brothers?
Somewhere hard to get drunk and sleep again?
Drunk to fuck someone else’s girl right there?
And not to be like everyone else, but you are even worse, I am
You may be shitting, but I heard
You will never go to work?
I wrote all these verses, fucking after work
So God forbid, you will fuck with me even today, fucking
But the question is – what are you eating?
Today you will have lunch to your heart’s content
Someone is fed up with victories
Are you fed up with fucking, huh?
Drunk you fuck
Sober you fuck
Battles are not yours
Your fans will say “thank you” to me
Huge for taking you out
There will be more time for albums
Where I adore you, Dictator 9014 The Kremlin?
Don’t…. you have to fight more
Leave it to those who cannot in the tracks
For example, I’m
Well fucked up, Antokha, your armored train
This is Paravoz, who didn’t rip off 140
For the idea he pushes us doomed
I just didn’t understand one thing – in what is she?
What is your great business?
To jam beer for a week?
Licking girls drunk?
And just whine that you’re just a cog in the system?
Are you motivated by an idea? Duck already go out and do the fuck!
But I really love you
It’s like Thanos – I killed my daughter to become stronger
I would stupidly throw compliments at you
But Horizon would kill me for this, yau
Yes, I really love you
But I hope I did what you wanted
I wish you only success in your career
Iztolpy, Dictator, RBL, eeee
90,000 Part 3.”Dictator”. Was Hitler a dictator?
Part 3. “Dictator”
Who were these people, from whom came the worldwide slander, which is still spreading today? You can get to the bottom of things only if you ask the question: what is needed to make large-scale libel? Unfortunately, there can be only one answer: a lot of money and unheard-of dishonesty.
People with a very large amount of money and with a very large shamelessness can never live long enough in their homeland.They would soon become famous, catch the eye of others from the most unpleasant side, and get into a difficult situation. Why should these people do their business exactly where they are easiest to observe?
No, such things are done by people who, for political reasons, wanted – or were forced – to leave their homeland. And as a result of this, they take revenge on their former compatriots by exposing in a bad shape those with whom they had to part and whom they secretly envy.Suddenly, they discover that the old homeland, in fact, was not their homeland at all. And then they are free of any doubt.
The more they scold their homeland abroad, first in conversations, and soon in the press, the more they notice that such a “policy” can also be profitable for them, probably even very profitable! You just need to find someone who, just like themselves, wants to slander the people from which they come.
Who was the biggest hindrance to German exports? Undoubtedly, England and the United States, formerly also France.So, nowhere could anti-German propaganda be placed so profitably, even sold, as in England and the United States. The fact that of these two states, the United States was much more interesting in this regard, it goes without saying. Only in the USA it was possible to get enough money for this, only in the USA they know how to arrange such cases on a worldwide scale, and only in the USA can one find absolutely shameless businessmen necessary for this. And in the United States, perhaps, there are more emigrants than anywhere else. Added to this is the fact that we Germans, especially since the Second World War, perceive everything that comes to us from the United States with a kind of literally grotesque exaggeration.
Having limited ourselves, however, it must be said that today in Germany they sympathize mainly with Americans, who have practically nothing to do with the prominent circles of society, to whom, since its inception, the United States of America owes its enormous rise – and thus its strength and respect in the world.
After several trips abroad, I know these conservative circles of the South very well – and I respect them. But they have nothing in common with the Roosevelts and Kennedy, Schlesingers, Kissingers and Rockefellers, even if they are very rich and have been very successful in their kind for quite a long time.
Didn’t General Eisenhower give a fortune to buy up one of the most dastardly and vulgar anti-German provocative leaflets and distribute it among the army commanders?
The last time I was in the United States for several weeks with several very conservative Americans living near Lake Erie, a respected newspaper publisher, in his drinking speech on the dinner given in honor of the famous Mr. if you go there again, to your homeland, then tell your German compatriots that we Americans never had anything against the Germans.We never hated them – and we didn’t even hate them in war. But if your Germans continue to allow themselves to be slandered, if they don’t do anything in the future to refute all these lies and silence the liars, if they don’t do anything to preserve the honor of the German people, then the Germans will soon have no more friends in the world! ”
And after that visit, one particularly popular priest, the head of a large community – during my imprisonment at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, he was an army chaplain there – invited me to preach a sermon in his large, very impressive church the following Sunday.The community had already been invited in writing – with an indication of my speech. When I asked what topic I would need to speak on, since in order to speak English fluently, I had to prepare a little, the priest replied: “The topic that I announced is: ‘The wrongfulness of Nuremberg.’ I would only do this with the permission of the embassy of my state. He, a priest, saw with his own eyes the execution of our comrades by hanging in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg and was always against the unlawfulness of Nuremberg.His family was of German descent.
In the Nuremberg Palace of Justice, one huge Negro from the guard battalion on the way to interrogation quietly and quietly turned to me and said: “You, prince, are a slave, and I am a slave, we must stick together!”
We understood that it is not the Americans who are to blame, but a very specific kind of American citizen. They were overwhelmingly emigrants, in most cases of Jewish origin and a significant part from Germany. Many of them worked in the Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as investigators, interrogators, etc.Slanderers constantly circulated among them. If a lie becomes an official one, it is very easy to get sentences from it – and even if they are death sentences!
Let’s listen to the good Frenchman Lebon for the last time:
“The history of the crimes of the crowd fully confirms all of the above. A typical example is the assassination of the Governor of the Bastille de Launay. After the capture of this fortress, the governor was surrounded by a very excited crowd, and they began to shower with blows from all sides.Some offered to hang him, others – to chop off his head or tie him to the tail of a horse. Fighting off, he accidentally kicked one of those present. Immediately someone suggested that the victim should cut the governor’s throat, and this proposal was immediately accepted by the crowd. The one who had to fulfill the role of the executioner was a cook without a seat, who went with other onlookers to the Bastille to see what was going on there. Obeying the general decision, he was convinced that he was performing a patriotic feat and even deserved a medal for killing the monster.With the saber handed to him, he struck the governor on the bare neck, but the saber turned out to be poorly sharpened. Then he calmly took out of his pocket a small knife with a black handle, and since, as a cook, he learned to cut meat, with the help of this knife he safely completed the operation that he had to do. ”
The total number of victims of the Inquisition in Spain, Italy and France, as a result of the English, French and Russian revolutions, as well as the Marxist uprisings in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria and Germany during the Weimar Republic can only be estimated approximately – however, it could exceed nine million people …And if we count all those Germans – men, women and children – who were killed by various occupation authorities in Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, throughout the empire, we can talk about a much higher figure than six hundred thousand …
More than 10,000, in most cases, very young men from the Waffen-SS were killed after the ceasefire without any legal proceedings, simply because they had a blood type tattoo on their arm, so that if they were injured they could immediately get the right medical attention.The Chief Justice of the Waffen-SS and of the Police confirmed to me already in Nuremberg, where I met him, that the number of those killed, in all probability, exceeded 50 thousand people. The testimony of Chief Justice Dr. Reinecke at the Nuremberg Trials was such a serious accusation for the winners that the trial stalled until the US ordered it to continue. Unfortunately, there were too few people like Reinecke in Nuremberg, otherwise the big process and all the processes that followed it would never have been completed, yet they largely relied on the so-called evidence of German traitors, who tried to save everyone only own skin.
When we were taken for interrogation in Nuremberg, we sometimes accidentally saw some of these “gentlemen” – former officers and diplomats who had once taken the oath to Adolf Hitler and could not sufficiently prove their “loyalty”.
I know from the words of some of Hitler’s closest friends that he attached great importance to the oath. It was inconceivable to him that German officials or the military could break their oath. That is why he did not force anyone to take the oath.Moreover, no one doubted that the oath to the Fuehrer was always invariably linked to the oath of the German Empire. Therefore, the one who later deliberately violated the oath to the Fuehrer, thereby also violated his oath of the German Empire. This was in keeping with tradition, the old oath to the “emperor and empire”.
Also, for security reasons, they did not want to tie the oath to the life of only one person. The perjurers also betrayed the empire, and this, in my opinion, is largely due to the partition of Germany that took place.The time has come for the Germans to remember this and from this position to oppose the slander against our people.
And thus we got to the root of the problem, since the worldwide slander against everything German did not begin at the time of Hitler. It is not true that it was organized because of him, his party, plans and actions. The truth is that the slander against the German Empire and the people began even when the imperial idea, thanks to Prince Otto von Bismarck associated with Prussianism, provided all German people with a huge opportunity.The more the slanderers, with all their hatred, concentrated on the emperor and his princes – and subsequently on Adolf Hitler and his movement – the more their main and only goal was to destroy the empire and completely deprive the German people of power.
The slander technique reveals this quite clearly over and over again. Why, otherwise, the very same circles do not worry at all when other states, other political forces, other peoples are doing something much, much worse than what is attributed to our people ?!
The history of the Germans does not show anything that could be compared, at least slightly, with the Inquisition, with the English and French revolutions, with the Russian revolutions and with everything that was caused to us, the Germans, after the end of the armistice from several victorious powers – and I definitely have to mention again that, in my opinion, these victorious powers are by no means accused, and that the accused is almost always that more or less anonymously fighting force that acts exclusively with slander and persecution – and for more than a hundred years!
It is precisely this power that systematically works not for any one country and not from any one country, but always acts internationally.The boundless abuse of democracy in very many states of the Earth provides that international gangster gang of instigators and slanderers with every opportunity to terrorize most of humanity, so that soon there will be no more peoples in the world, but only “human masses” that could be sold at their discretion …
Since our people were so good, diligent, able, respected, for decades they have been listed among the slanderers as the first number in the list of targets to be destroyed.Europe without the German Empire is no longer “Western Europe”. And it is precisely in “Western Europe” that mankind needs most of all, becoming more and more a victim of materialism. “It is possible that the German will once again disappear from the world stage; for he has all the qualities to conquer heaven for himself, but there are no qualities to establish himself here on Earth, and all nations hate him as evil hates good. But if they, however, really one day succeed in expelling him, then a state will arise when they again want to dig him back from the grave with their nails. “
Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Diaries, 4 January 1860.
And here I come to the “dictator” Hitler. Today, thanks to enemy propaganda, he is considered the prototype of a dictator, that is, an “autocrat”, all over the world. A dictatorship can be performed by a single person or a group (party dictatorship), writes Bertelsmann’s large dictionary after 1945.
Quote:
“By its origin from the Roman Republic, the dictatorship is considered an order to eliminate certain states of emergency (war, civil war), its duration is limited in time, its execution is tied to certain rules …” In modern history, the dictatorship is closely linked with the emergence of modern constitutions.Both during the English Revolution of 1642-1649 and the French Revolution of 1878-1899. the initial free popular movement ended with a dictatorship, which was carried out not by individuals, but by certain groups and not on instructions, but out of their own fullness of power, relying on religious motives or the right of popular sovereignty. Also, here the dictatorship was seen as a temporary measure to prepare a new generation and eradicate the old, spoiled generation, nevertheless, it ended with the autocracy of Cromwell or Napoleon.
… it is often overlooked that modern criminal law also recognizes an interim dictatorship as a measure of a state of emergency, according to the Weimar Constitution (§ 48) – also a law on the granting of emergency powers …
… a form of government in which the execution of state power in the highest competence is covered by one state body, (sic) in the Third Reich, first by the government, later by the head of state, in the Soviet Union by parliament, and, perhaps, for organizational reasons, a separation of powers was carried out, but the principle checks and balances of the authorities were not implemented …
… a dictatorship is also a regular totalitarian state, on the contrary, in modern times it is only rarely an absolutist state; rather a constitutional dictatorship prevails. “
If in the case of Hitler it is possible to speak of a dictatorship at all, then, in my opinion, only about a constitutional dictatorship, since he never, above all in significant matters, acted completely alone, but for the most part made decisions within the framework of the relevant laws and in agreement with the imperial government. In very special cases, he put the issue, as you know, to the vote of the people and was guided by this (Saar, the legacy of Hindenburg, the law on the granting of emergency powers) – be it with the help of a plebiscite, be it through a vote in the Reichstag.
In 1933, he undoubtedly could have come to power without a vote in the Reichstag. But he left himself and his government to the decision of the old Reichstag, where some people voted for him, like the future Federal President Theodor Heuss and Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, with good intentions and giving Hitler his vote without being a member of the NSDAP at all.
Hitler himself never imagined that he had the power of a dictator. The confession he made during the war, “if one of us has dictatorial power, then Roosevelt – much more depends on him in his country than on me in mine,” testifies, in my opinion, to many things.And he considered Stalin to be much more powerful than Roosevelt.
When Hitler drove into the palace of the President of Germany, he asked for several architectural improvements. First of all, he was not satisfied with the terribly old-fashioned bathroom of Hindenburg. He asked to modernize the environment, trying to avoid high costs. Then the Court of Accounts informed him that he had to bear the costs himself, and, moreover, he did not have permission for restructuring. Hitler insisted that the ancient bathroom furnishings should have disappeared anyway.In addition, he believed that the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor could still, perhaps, solve the issue with the bathroom himself, so as not to waste time. He paid then, as far as I know, these expenses out of his own pocket. After all, the palace was a state property.
This took place at about the same time that Hitler was showing my wife and me – at our request – among other things, his bedroom. It was a rather dark, really very simply furnished room with a somewhat old-fashioned, probably not very comfortable bed.Above it hung a portrait of his mother, which he asked to paint – most likely from a photograph. He said that the mother in this picture is very similar and that this is one of the very few objects of memory of his family that he has preserved. He was very attached to this portrait and was glad every day that he had it. This rather spartan room, undoubtedly, was in no way suitable for any kind of debauchery, which various schemers attributed to it.
In 1922-1935, my wife and I often, several times a week, at least once or twice, in the evenings visited him in his private apartment in the so-called New Imperial Chancellery.The apartment was roomy but impersonal. He didn’t love her. We sat together around a large, low round table – in armchairs or on chairs, we were served tea, pastries and small sandwiches on the table.
Today it is often said that Hitler did not allow anyone else to speak. In fact, it was quite the opposite. He asked others to tell something about themselves, about their life, etc. He made jokes to make the conversation more relaxed and for others to take part in it. But if this did not work out in any way, and, finally, everyone asked him to tell something himself, since it would be more interesting in many aspects, then he would give in and talk for hours.And I must say that this was very often a big event, since this person had already lived a very interesting life by this time. He recalled everything with incredible objectivity and therefore with amazing modesty.
I know many will not believe me – however, I cannot change that. I am not writing to please someone, but to serve the truth. What if I never knew bad Hitler? Should I invent something even worse? Who will I help with this? Definitely, not my people, and in the long term and its enemies, I will not help with this either.
I knew many famous, one might even say famous artists, politicians, statesmen, several ruling monarchs around the world. I was friends with many of them – just as I was friends with so many absolutely unknown workers, peasants and soldiers. But, in my opinion, there was not even an approximate one like Adolf Hitler.
It is very difficult to write about this, so as not to be ridiculed and not even fall under suspicion: but if I have to speak honestly and frankly – and I only want this, everything else would be not only meaningless, but also bad – then I must admit that Hitler was most definitely a very exceptional person.I have often and quite seriously asked myself whether it is generally possible to compare this person with other people, or if he needs to be viewed from a completely different point of view.
In a large old villa in front of the gates of Vienna, above the vineyards on Mount Kahlenberg, there is a pretty cellar, in which American senior officers were very fond of gathering in the evenings after World War II. The bar, so too, could be said, where everything was painted with ornaments between the beams.
The owner, the beautiful princess Wittgenstein, took me there and asked me to first critically examine the painting and only then read the sayings artistically inscribed between them.I looked at everything very accurately and said, without knowing anything in advance: “It seems to me that this artist has at the same time a sense of architecture – especially for certain laws of nature, for example, the” golden ratio “, because all this is in harmony with each other like this fabulous”. “This is very interesting,” said the princess, “and now you must read the sayings.”
I read. I can’t remember literally, but the meaning was this: “I know that my life will be very unusual, extraordinary, but the end will be a disaster!” Now the princess, by the way, is by no means a National Socialist, told me: “One student drew and wrote all this.Likewise, the words, so amazing, were written exclusively by him. And here is a receipt for the receipt of money for the work, which I found among the old documents, and it says that all these works were done by a painter’s apprentice named Adolf Hitler. “
These were ornaments, words and thoughts that had nothing in common with violence – it was an expression of a very deep emotional life, or, if we want to call it absolutely correctly: there was something Faustian (Faustian: deeply investigating; struggling; ingenious) in this ultimately always mysterious person.
When one day a conversation between him and Dr. Goebbels turned in passing into a dispute about Faustianism in the Germans, Hitler became very serious and, I would even say, somewhat melancholy, as I had never seen him before. I thought about Dr. Goebbels’ appraisal of him: “Sometimes he seems sinister to me – as if he did not live in this world – and, strangely enough, it is then that he is most fascinating. I will never fully understand him, he is more than just a man There is no one who would study him the way I do.But who will try to really get to know this person – who is it? Who knows about his outstanding qualities, about his modesty in relation to fate – who knows about it? No one! If they noticed that he does not want to be their idol, he also does not want to be their god, and that he lives only by his task, which is one “out of this world” – then they would be afraid of him, since they do not know anything present “.
I tried very hard to reproduce exactly from memory these words of Goebbels.I only recorded them when they were so close to me that I thought I could hear them. Naturally, I was greatly helped in this by the fact that I was then interested in this topic like no other.
Sir Houston Chamberlain wrote in his book “Foundations of the Nineteenth Century”, Volume 1, chapter “Heirs”, among others:
“Nevertheless, asceticism increases intellectual abilities and, if carried out with iron consistency, reaches its apogee in the complete overcoming of feelings; they can still serve then further, as if material for fantasy, the mysterious reverence of St. Teresa or the mysterious metaphysics of Chandogya, from now on these are feelings made subservient to the will, elevated and ennobled by the strength of the soul, what the Indian religious teacher seeks to express in the words: “He who knows is already incorporeal in his life.”
Elsewhere, Chamberlain wrote on the same subject: “However, the greatness of every outstanding person lies not in what he wanted to do, but in what he had to do.” Who prompted the young painter’s apprentice Hitler to draw those words between the ornaments in the cellar of the villa on Mount Kahlenberg? It would be pointless to do it if he didn’t have to do it. Only a higher strength could give him the courage and determination to do so. That it was he – the young Hitler – who did these works is written in the receipt and definitely confirmed by the master.
And these thoughts, which in this case literally suggest themselves, draw our attention to the fact that every true genius was, at least in part, a universal genius.
I saw with my own eyes that Hitler dominated purely technical negotiations with the leading employees of the Mercedes-Benz factories, that is, he was absolutely superior to the elite of technical specialists.
I heard how he, in a conversation with the Italian Minister of Justice, when he wanted to accurately describe the Parthenon, challenged the architectural information of the Italian.It was about the fact that Hitler decided to prove the law of beauty, and the minister refused the Greeks in this. Finally, Hitler asked me to get him a drawing pad, ruler and pencils – he refused the eraser.
After a short time, he interrupted the conversation with the minister and very quickly and very accurately portrayed the Parthenon. From memory, without any help and absolutely unexpected, since no one foresaw that the conversation with the Italian would touch on this topic. When the drawing was ready, an encyclopedic dictionary was brought, in which the dimensions were indicated.They coincided – in scale, of course – exactly the size in Hitler’s drawing. And then Hitler was easily able to prove to the Italian minister in what respect the law of the “golden section” finds expression as the law of beauty in a magnificent structure.
From an official or political point of view, I certainly did not imagine anything special for Hitler. But from a secular point of view, I think that we, my first wife Countess Alexandra zu Castell-Rüdenhausen and I, liked him very much – until others separated us from him.
90,000 Richard III / Theater. Evgenia Vakhtangov. Official site.
Richard in the struggle for power despised the concept of morality, conscience, compassion. His aggression sweeps away everything human in its path. He is cunning, resourceful, ruthless. Destroying all possible rivals, he stops at nothing to get things done.
Remorse unknown to him.Upon reaching the supreme power, Richard befriended loneliness. Everyone hates him – both lords and people. The first rise up in revolt. Richard is in a panic, he is tormented by nightmares .. He cannot find an ally. The postulate: “The fist is our conscience, and the law is our sword,” does not work. He is wounded, alone, helpless, but ready to fight. “Horse, horse! I will give the crown for a horse! “…
Avtandil Varsimashvili, director:
The play “Richard III” is brilliant. This is an encyclopedia of power, a textbook of sovereign power, a guide to seizing the throne.Shakespeare unmistakably showed the character of dictators of all times and peoples. Several centuries before Napoleon, Stalin, Hitler and other usurpers of power, he seemed to predict their appearance for us and at the same time, fantastically accurately described the psychological process of the decay of the personality of the dictator, when he was already up to his throat in blood, and in his life there was no longer the main goals.
Therefore, all of Richard’s steps before he won the throne are unique, unparalleled, and after the seizure of power, all his moves are banal and predictable.
It is this topic that worries me: how does a person live when there is no real purpose in his life?
Shakespeare is performed very often, but it is very rarely performed well. Not everyone can understand and embody his style, because Shakespeare needs special actors. It is necessary to be able to change with lightning speed not only the tempo, but, at times, and the image, because Shakespeare’s theater is a theater of actors who can instantly throw off one mask from their faces and immediately put on another. He, unlike other authors, does not need the usual psychological truth – he only needs theatrical truth.
Shakespeare’s style of play is precisely theatricality, in the true sense of the term. Therefore, I am grateful to my elder friend, an outstanding director Rimas Tuminas, for staging Shakespeare at the Vakhtangov Theater – where, if not here, they know the price of true theatricality!
Maxim Sevrinovsky / Theater. Evgenia Vakhtangov. Official site.
Romeo in love (“Minetti”) … Gullible Abram (“Our class”) … An ordinary guy, one of many, Sergeev (“Sergeev and the town”) and, finally, Richard III – a complex image that combines two sides one person – a cruel mocking monster and a suffering, sick, absolutely lonely person.Sevrinovsky embodies this is so brilliant that you involuntarily catch yourself thinking: “Is it he ?!” (N. Stephanie)
Born on May 6, 1985.
Graduated from the Boris Shchukin Theater Institute (course of Yu.B. Nifontov) in 2011.
In 2012 he was admitted to the First Studio of the Yevgeny Vakhtangov Theater.
His first studio works: Burger and Prometheus ( Birds ), Father ( Six Characters in Search of Author ), Arkel, Doctor, Golaud ( Peleas and Melisande ).
Since January 1, 2018, he joined the troupe of the Yevgeny Vakhtangov Theater.
One of the most gifted young artists of the Vakhtangov Theater created a number of unforgettable images – The Clown in Love ( Minetti ) and Oedipus’ Household ( Oedipus King ) – staged by Rimas Tuminas; Cherubino ( Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro ) – choreography by Vladimir Mirzoev; Ventura ( Jealous of herself ) – directed by Alexander Koruchekov; Jester ( Othello ) – directed by choreographer Angelica Kholina; Guest ( In Paris ), Herod Antipas ( Salome ) – in the performances of Gulnaz Balpeisova; Abram ( Our class ) – directed by Natalia Kovaleva; Sergeev ( Sergeev and town ) – directed by Svetlana Zemlyakova; Richard III – in the play of the same name by Avtandil Varsimashvili; Odoacer ( Romulus the Great ) – choreography by Ulanbek Bayaliev; Wojzeck – in the performance of the same name by Hugo Eriksen.
The heads of other theaters also drew attention to the talented artist. On the stage of the Theater “Near Stanislavsky’s House” he played in the performances “Forget or not live anymore” (director – Yuri Pogrebnichko) and “TSB / Great Soviet Encyclopedia” (director – Olga Beshulya). Plays the main role in the play “The Road” staged by Gulnaz Balpeisova at the Theater of Music and Poetry of Elena Kamburova.
Staged the play “Portrait” based on the stories of I.A. Bunin, in which he played the role of the Artist.
Maxim Sevrinovsky began acting in films in 2012, having played a cameo role in the film “Without a trace”.Immediately, the young artist was offered a new project – the film “Far from War”, where he played the main role of Semyon Adoskin. This was followed by “Kings Can Do Everything”, “Bad Weather”, “Bullet” and the main role in the short film “Shot”.
Elena Sotnikova / Theater. Evgenia Vakhtangov. Official site.
“ She looks like the Beautiful Lady of the Silver Age. Her element is ball gowns made of rustling expensive fabrics, elegant carriages, boudoirs in the twilight of flickering candles. ”, – wrote about her.But beauty does not prevent the actress from creating characteristic, grotesque roles, which she plays mischievously and recklessly, with genuine Vakhtangov humor.
Born on April 29, 1961.
Graduated from the Boris Shchukin Theater School in 1982, course of L.V. Stavskaya. In the same year she was accepted into the troupe of the Yevgeny Vakhtangov Theater.
The actress has more than thirty roles in her arsenal, many of the main ones. Images created by Elena Sotnikova – Sonya ( Leshy ), Kitty ( Anna Karenina ), Henrietta ( Three ages of Casanova ), Jane ( Maria Tudor ), Donna Anna ( Little tragedies ), Ekaterina ( Sovereign you are our father … ), Dashkova ( Royal Hunt ), She ( Last Moons ), Jennifer ( Games of the Lonely) – are distinguished by incredible femininity, subtle psychologism, clever reading.She brilliantly plays characteristic, grotesque roles: Mm Ivanova ( Zoykina apartment ), Sofya Petrovna Farpukhina ( Uncle’s Dream ), Moscow cousin ( Eugene Onegin ), Queen Margarita ( Richard III ).
On the stage of the Art Cafe of the Vakhtangov Theater performs a solo program “If I weren’t an actress …”, in which he sings poems and songs of his own composition.
Since 2004 teaches at the department of artistic word at the Boris Shchukin Theater Institute
Participant and author of many theatrical skits, including in the House of Actor, creator of the “Women’s Battalion” of the Vakhtangov Theater.
She regularly participates in concerts in the “Russian Houses” abroad – in Prague, Vienna, Berlin. Author of the book “The Fifth Season of the Year” Moscow, 2004
In 2021, she published the book “If I hadn’t been an actress …” – a beautiful, subtle and accurate embodiment of the creative image of an actress, whose life is deeply intertwined with the life of the Vakhtangov Theater.
In 2021 she was awarded the Order of Friendship.
Igor Kartashev / Theater. Evgenia Vakhtangov. Official site.
A mature master with an established manner of playing, he organically entered the Vakhtangov troupe.
“The nature is bright, he possesses a unique ability not only to speak, but also to be silent so expressively that a complex, hard-won author’s thought directly falls from the artist’s heart into the audience’s heart. This is some kind of aerobatics! ” (E. Bulova)
Born on June 22, 1960 in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan).
In parallel with the general school, he also attended a music school in the piano class. At the age of eight he began composing music.
In 1980 he graduated with honors from the art school, painting faculty.He started working in a publishing house. He joined the youth association of the Union of Artists of Kazakhstan in the painting section. Creative baggage as an artist – six Republican, three All-Union and two International exhibitions.
In 1988 he graduated from the Boris Shchukin Theater School (workshop of the People’s Artist of the USSR, Professor E.R.Simonov). Since 1989 he has been an actor at the Ruben Simonov Theater.
He played the main roles in the performances The Prodigal Son, St. Bartholomew’s Tin, The Girl Sang in the Church Choir … Valentine “.
He toured a lot with the Ruben Simonov Theater, worked in solo concerts, where he performed Russian and White Guard romances, rock ballads, author’s songs to verses by S. Yesenin, I. Brodsky, B. Pasternak, V. Nabokov and songs from the repertoire of M. Magomayev , A. Mironov, M. Bernes, G. Ots.
In December 1989, together with the Zhemchuzhnyi Brothers ensemble, Kartashev made his first recordings, and the albums Shukher, Friend and Old Moscow were also recorded with them. Has released several music albums, including those on poems by Francois Villon and Sergei Yesenin.
In 1996 he became a laureate of the acting song of the Andrei Mironov competition. Thanks to this, fate brought him together with Elena Kamburova and her theater. For the music for the play “The Prodigal Son” Igor Kartashev received the Grand Prix at the theater festival in 2000.
In January 2016, after the reorganization of the Theater. Ruben Simonov, was invited to the Yevgeny Vakhtangov Theater.
His first role in the Vakhtangov Theater – Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin in “The Enchanted Wanderer” by NSLeskov captivated the audience, his colleagues, and sophisticated critics:
Igor Kartashev fits in the character of his hero both the breadth of the soul, and strength, and vulnerability so that all his suffering, throwing becomes not only understandable, but close and touching (from the review).
Among his works on the Vakhtangov stage: King Edward IV ( Richard III ), Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin ( The Enchanted Wanderer ), N.N. ( Leporella in the play Stefan Zweig.Novels ), Modest Nikandrovich Iletskiy ( Bryusov lane ), Creon ( Medea ), Retired Hussar ( Eugene Onegin ), Achilles de Rosalba ( Straw Hat ), Narrator ( Vakhtangot.
