Collarbone pad for football. Football Collarbone Protection: Essential Guide to Shoulder Pads and Neck Collars

How do football shoulder pads protect players. What are the key features of effective football neck collars. How to properly measure and fit shoulder pads for maximum safety. Why were rule changes implemented in 1976 to reduce cervical spine injuries.

The Crucial Role of Shoulder Pads in Football Safety

Shoulder pads are an essential piece of protective equipment in football, designed to safeguard players from potentially severe injuries. These pads must provide comprehensive protection to several vital areas, including:

• Shoulder blades
• Collarbone
• Collar bone-shoulder blade joint
• Upper arm bone (ball portion)

To ensure optimal performance and safety, shoulder pads should be:

• Lightweight
• Well-balanced
• Fitted to the athlete’s exact specifications

This careful design allows for a maximum range of motion while still providing comprehensive protection against impacts and collisions on the field.

Position-Specific Shoulder Pad Selection

Different playing positions require specific types of shoulder pads to accommodate the unique demands and risks associated with each role. Shoulder pads are typically grouped into the following categories:

1. Quarterbacks, Receivers, Defensive Backs, and Kickers
2. Running Backs
3. Linebackers
4. Linemen

By selecting the appropriate type of shoulder pad for each player’s position, teams can ensure that athletes receive tailored protection that aligns with their on-field responsibilities and potential injury risks.

Proper Measurement and Fitting Techniques for Football Shoulder Pads

Accurate measurement and fitting are crucial for ensuring that shoulder pads provide optimal protection. Here’s a step-by-step guide to properly measure and fit shoulder pads:

1. Measure the player’s shoulder width from tip to tip, with arms hanging at their sides.
2. Round up measurements to the nearest half inch for accuracy.
3. Use the measurement to select the appropriate size according to manufacturer guidelines.
4. Have the player try on the shoulder pads and check for proper coverage across the shoulders.
5. Ensure that the pads extend 1/2″ over the deltoid muscle and leave 1/2″ between the neck and pad.
6. Check for unrestricted arm movement and absence of pinching in the neck area.

Can shoulder pads be too big? Yes, oversized shoulder pads can compromise protection and hinder performance. They may shift during play, leaving vulnerable areas exposed, and can restrict a player’s range of motion. Always ensure a snug, proper fit for optimal safety and functionality.

Understanding the Importance of Football Neck Collars

Football neck collars play a crucial role in preventing severe cervical spine injuries. These protective devices are designed to limit excessive neck movement during impacts, reducing the risk of potentially life-altering or fatal injuries.

The Biomechanics of Cervical Spine Injuries in Football

Cervical spine injuries often occur due to axial loading, which happens when a compressive force is applied along the axis of the spine. This type of injury is particularly dangerous when the neck is flexed 30 degrees from its anatomical position, as it straightens the normal cervical lordosis and aligns the vertebrae into a segmented column. In this position, the spine is less able to absorb and dissipate impact forces, increasing the risk of severe injury.

Historical Context and Rule Changes

Between 1971 and 1975, the National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry recorded 259 cervical spine fractures, subluxations, and dislocations in high school and college football. This high incidence of serious injuries prompted significant rule changes in 1976, outlawing head-first tackling, blocking, and spearing. These changes, combined with improved education for coaches and players, led to a dramatic decrease in severe cervical injuries. By 1987, the number of recorded injuries had dropped to 32.

Evaluating Different Types of Football Neck Collars

Several types of football neck collars have been developed to address the risk of cervical spine injuries. Here’s an overview of three popular designs:

1. Cowboy Collar (McDavid)

• Consists of a molded polyurethane foam collar
• Laced into the shoulder pads
• Designed to limit neck extension
• Provides minimal side protection compared to other models

2. Bullock Collar

• Designed by Virginia Tech head team physician, Richard Bullock
• Features a high-density foam collar with a rigid plastic insert
• Strapped to the shoulder pads
• Aimed at preventing neck hyperextension

3. Kerr Collar

• Developed by Patrick Kerr, founder of Brock USA
• Utilizes a unique design to address various neck movements
• Aims to provide comprehensive protection against multiple injury mechanisms

How effective are football neck collars in preventing injuries? While neck collars can help reduce the risk of certain cervical spine injuries, their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific design and how well they’re fitted to the player. It’s important to note that no collar can completely eliminate the risk of injury, and proper tackling technique and adherence to safety rules remain crucial.

The Evolution of Football Safety Equipment and Practices

The development of football safety equipment and practices has been an ongoing process, driven by a growing understanding of injury mechanisms and a commitment to player welfare. This evolution encompasses not only improvements in protective gear but also changes in rules, coaching techniques, and player education.

Technological Advancements in Protective Equipment

Over the years, football equipment manufacturers have invested heavily in research and development to create more effective protective gear. Some notable advancements include:

• Improved helmet designs with better impact absorption
• Advanced materials for shoulder pads that offer enhanced protection without sacrificing mobility
• Customizable padding systems that can be tailored to individual player needs
• Integrated sensor technologies that can detect and record impact forces

How have these advancements impacted player safety? While it’s difficult to quantify the exact impact, the combination of improved equipment and better safety protocols has contributed to a reduction in certain types of injuries. However, the evolving nature of the game and increased awareness of long-term health effects continue to drive further innovations.

Rule Changes and Their Impact on Player Safety

In addition to equipment improvements, football governing bodies have implemented various rule changes aimed at reducing injury risk. Some significant changes include:

• Banning head-first tackling and spearing (1976)
• Implementing targeting rules to penalize dangerous hits to the head and neck area
• Modifying kickoff rules to reduce high-speed collisions
• Instituting concussion protocols and return-to-play guidelines

These rule changes have had a measurable impact on player safety, particularly in reducing the incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injuries. However, the sport continues to evolve, and ongoing research informs new safety measures and rule adjustments.

The Importance of Proper Technique and Training in Injury Prevention

While protective equipment and rule changes play crucial roles in enhancing player safety, proper technique and training are equally important in preventing injuries. Coaches and players must prioritize safe tackling and blocking techniques to minimize the risk of serious injuries, particularly those involving the head and neck.

Key Elements of Safe Tackling Technique

• Keeping the head up and avoiding leading with the crown of the helmet
• Maintaining a wide base and low center of gravity
• Using the shoulder and arms to wrap up the opponent
• Driving through the tackle with the legs, not the head or neck

How can coaches effectively teach safe tackling techniques? Implementing a comprehensive training program that emphasizes proper form, utilizes progressive drills, and incorporates regular feedback and correction is essential. Many teams are also adopting rugby-style tackling techniques, which prioritize shoulder contact and wrapping the opponent, potentially reducing the risk of head and neck injuries.

The Role of Strength and Conditioning in Injury Prevention

A well-designed strength and conditioning program can significantly contribute to injury prevention by:

• Improving overall body strength and stability
• Enhancing neck and core muscle strength to better absorb impacts
• Increasing flexibility and range of motion
• Developing better body control and proprioception

By incorporating exercises specifically targeted at strengthening the neck, shoulders, and core, players can build a more resilient physique better equipped to withstand the physical demands of football.

Addressing the Long-Term Health Concerns in Football

While acute injuries have been a primary focus of football safety measures, increasing attention is being paid to the long-term health effects of playing the sport, particularly concerning head injuries and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

The Growing Awareness of Concussions and CTE

Recent research has highlighted the potential long-term neurological effects of repeated head impacts in football. This has led to:

• Increased focus on concussion detection and management
• Development of advanced neurological testing protocols
• Greater emphasis on player education regarding the risks of head injuries
• Ongoing research into the long-term effects of subconcussive impacts

How is the football community responding to these concerns? Many organizations, from youth leagues to professional levels, are implementing stricter concussion protocols, limiting contact in practices, and investing in research to better understand and mitigate the long-term risks associated with the sport.

Balancing Player Safety with the Nature of the Game

The challenge for football stakeholders is to enhance player safety without fundamentally altering the essence of the sport. This balancing act involves:

• Continuously evaluating and updating rules to reduce unnecessary risks
• Investing in cutting-edge protective equipment
• Emphasizing proper technique and safe play at all levels
• Fostering a culture that prioritizes player health over short-term competitive advantages

As our understanding of sports-related injuries continues to evolve, it’s likely that football will undergo further changes to protect players’ short-term and long-term health. The ongoing collaboration between medical professionals, equipment manufacturers, coaches, and governing bodies will be crucial in shaping the future of the sport.

The Future of Football Safety: Innovations and Challenges

As football continues to evolve, so too do the approaches to player safety. The future of football safety is likely to be shaped by a combination of technological innovations, advanced training methods, and ongoing scientific research.

Emerging Technologies in Protective Equipment

Several cutting-edge technologies are being explored to enhance the effectiveness of football protective gear:

• Smart helmets with built-in impact sensors and real-time monitoring
• Advanced materials that can change properties upon impact, providing better shock absorption
• Customizable 3D-printed padding systems tailored to individual player anatomies
• Exoskeleton-inspired designs to provide additional support and protection

How might these technologies change the game? While they hold promise for improved player safety, integrating these advanced technologies into equipment presents challenges in terms of cost, durability, and maintaining the traditional feel of the game. Striking a balance between innovation and practicality will be crucial.

The Role of Data Analytics in Injury Prevention

The increasing use of data analytics in sports is opening new avenues for injury prevention in football. This includes:

• Analyzing player movement patterns to identify potential injury risks
• Using wearable technology to monitor player fatigue and recovery
• Developing predictive models for injury likelihood based on various factors
• Optimizing training regimens to reduce injury risk while maximizing performance

By leveraging big data and advanced analytics, teams and medical staff can take a more proactive approach to player health, potentially preventing injuries before they occur.

Addressing the Psychological Aspects of Player Safety

As the focus on player safety intensifies, there’s growing recognition of the need to address the psychological aspects of injury prevention and recovery. This includes:

• Developing mental training programs to improve on-field awareness and decision-making
• Providing comprehensive support for players recovering from injuries
• Addressing the cultural aspects of the sport that may contribute to unsafe play
• Educating players about the long-term implications of injuries and the importance of self-reporting symptoms

How can teams effectively incorporate psychological strategies into their safety protocols? Integrating sports psychologists into medical teams, implementing mindfulness training, and fostering a culture that values long-term health over short-term gains are potential approaches. By addressing both the physical and mental aspects of player safety, football can create a more comprehensive approach to protecting its athletes.

The Challenge of Youth Football Safety

As concerns about the long-term effects of football continue to grow, particular attention is being paid to youth football. Key challenges and considerations include:

• Determining appropriate age limits for tackle football
• Developing modified versions of the game that reduce contact while maintaining core skills
• Ensuring proper equipment fit and safety standards for younger players
• Educating parents and young players about the risks and benefits of participation

The decisions made regarding youth football safety will likely have far-reaching implications for the future of the sport at all levels.

As football continues to grapple with these challenges, the sport will likely see ongoing changes in equipment, rules, and training methods. The goal remains to preserve the essence of the game while providing the highest possible level of protection for players at all levels. The future of football safety will depend on the continued collaboration between players, coaches, medical professionals, researchers, and equipment manufacturers, all working towards the common goal of making the sport as safe as possible without losing its fundamental appeal.

Shoulder Pads – Safe Contact

SHOULDER PADS

Shoulder pads must provide maximum protection to the shoulder blades, the collarbone, the collar bone-shoulder blade joint and the ball portion of the upper arm bone. They should be light and well balanced to allow for a maximum range of motion and be fitted to the athlete’s exact specifications to provide total protection.

Start by asking the players what position they play, as this will determine what type of shoulder pad they should be wearing. Shoulder pads are usually grouped as follows:

1. Quarterbacks, Receivers, Defensive Backs, Kickers
2. Running backs
3. Linebackers
4. Linemen

After determining what type of shoulder pad is needed, measure the player’s shoulder width.

(Figure 2).

Measuring the width, from shoulder tip to shoulder tip with the players’ arms hanging at their sides will give a maximum shoulder width measurement. Do not leave measurements in 1/8” or 1/4”! Round up to the nearest half inch.

Note: Some manufacturers have different measurement systems.

Choose a shoulder pad that fits the player’s position. Using the measurement, choose the proper size. Shoulder pads normally give both a style number and a size letter along with width measurements in inches.

Putting on Shoulder Pads

• Have the player try on the shoulder pads. Before doing up any straps etc. check to see if the shoulder pads fit across the shoulders. The pads should cover the shoulders from tip to tip. Do not let players wear the pads if they do not cover the shoulders completely. If the player that you are fitting has extremely big trapezius muscles, you may have to try a pair of pads one size larger or a pair with deeper channels.
• Now have the player fasten all the straps and laces where applicable (both the front and/or back). It is important to make sure that the shoulder pads have been securely fastened in both the front and/or back.
• Check to see if the shoulder pads are restricting the player’s arm movement or pinching the neck area. The pad should extend 1/2″ over the deltoid (shoulder muscle). There should also be 1/2″ between the neck and the shoulder pad. With the player wearing his helmet, have him raise both his arms above his head and out in front to simulate catching a football.

Football Neck Collar | Football Protective Gear

Illustrated above is the response of the cervical spine to applied axial load. A, with the neck in neutral alignment, the vertebral column is extended. The compressive force can be dissipated by the spinal musculature and ligaments. B, with the neck in a flexed posture, the spine straightens out and becomes collinear with the axial force. C, at the time of impact, the straightened cervical spine undergoes a rapid deformation and buckles under the compressive load.
Severe injuries often result from axial loading injuries. When the neck is flexed 30 degrees from anatomic position, the normal cervical lordosis is straightened and the vertebrae align into a segmented column. An impact to the head will result in a crushing of the vertebrae, with the surrounding soft tissues unable to absorb the impact (Torg, 1990). Such impacts usually result in paralysis or death. During 1971 and 1975, the National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry recorded 259 cervical spine fractures, subluxations, and dislocations in high school and college football. Because of the high incidence of such serious injuries, American football instituted rule changes outlawing head-first tackling, blocking, and spearing in 1976. Since that time, the incidence of severe cervical injuries has plummeted; in 1987, 32 injuries were recorded (Torg, 1990). This injury is still one of concern, but the aforementioned rule changes combined with coach and player education have greatly reduced such injuries.

The football neck collars that are worn by football players to prevent this injury were most often designed and put into use without biomechanical testing. Three different football neck collars were evaluated in this set of testing. The first football neck collar tested was the Cowboy Collar, manufactured by McDavid. Its design consists of a molded polyurethane foam collar that gets laced into the shoulder pads. The Cowboy Collar is designed to limit extension of the neck and has the least side protection of any of the collars tested. The second collar tested was the Bullock Collar, which was designed by the Virginia Tech head team physician, Richard Bullock. Its design consists of a high-density foam collar with a rigid plastic insert that is strapped to the shoulder pads. The Bullock Collar is designed to prevent hyperextension of the neck and provides some support on the sides of the neck. The last collar tested was the Kerr Collar, a prototype collar designed by Patrick Kerr. Its design consists of a molded synthetic collar that rests on the shoulders and gets laced into the shoulder pads. The Kerr Football Neck Collar is designed so that the base of the helmet contacts the collar, restricting motion.

Video From The Virginia Tech Collar Tests

A series of 48 tests were performed to assess the dynamic biomechanical effects of neck collars currently used in competitive football. Each neck collar was tested at two different impact speeds, at three different impact locations, and two different shoulder pad positions. An instrumented 50th percentile male Hybrid III test dummy was used to assess the effectiveness of various neck protection devices used in football. The dummy was suited with a set of Douglas CP25 shoulder pads and a Riddell VSR4 helmet for all tests. A NOCSAE style pneumatic linear impactor was used to strike the helmet in various locations at several speeds. Control tests were performed in which the dummy was equipped with shoulder pads, a helmet, and no neck collar. Control tests were done for each impact speed and location. Following the control tests, the same tests were repeated with the dummy wearing the various neck collars. The effectiveness of the collars could be determined by comparing the data from the control tests with the data from the collar tests.

The Kerr Football Neck Collar and the Bullock Collar consistently lowered head accelerations resulting from a top impact. However, the Kerr Collar produced greater head accelerations reductions. The Kerr Collar also reduced force transmission through the neck. In every testing scenario, the Kerr Collar reduced the most force. The Bullock Collar also performed well, but only in the higher velocity tests.

In a top impact, the Kerr Football Neck Collar provided the most protection. The Bullock Collar provided some protection, while the Cowboy Collar did not protect the dummy from experiencing high neck loads. The Kerr Collar reduced the head acceleration and force transmission due to its unique design. The Kerr Collar is designed to contact the base of the helmet during an impact. In a top impact, this redirects some of the load to the shoulders, on which the collar rests. The stiffness of the collar prevents the neck from further compression. Neither the Bullock Collar nor Cowboy Collar prevents the neck from compressing. However, the Bullock Collar was capable of reducing a small portion of the load in some configurations. This is most likely due to the back of the helmet contacting the collar.

The Kerr Football Neck Collar also provided the most protection during an impact to the front of the helmet. It reduced upper neck moment and lower neck force in all configurations. The Kerr Collar also reduced the lower neck moment, but only in the raised configuration. Upon inspection of the high speed video, the collar restricts the range of motion of the head and neck by contacting the base of the helmet during the impact. This contact between the helmet and collar is responsible for the lower loads.

The Kerr Collar typically performed better in the raised position because it contacts the collar sooner and restricts more motion. This is true for any of the collars in the raised position. The Cowboy Collar and Bullock Collar also provided protection for the dummy throughout the front impacts. The reductions of loads were not as large and consistent as the Kerr Collar, but they were capable of reducing loads in some configurations. In a side impact, none of the collars substantially reduced loads in multiple configurations. Only the Kerr Collar reduced the lower neck moment. Again, this is due to the base of the helmet contacting the collar, restricting the range of motion. This movement restriction is most noticeable in the high speed video. The Cowboy Collar and Bullock Collar provided no side impact protection. Through analyzing this data, it is obvious that the Kerr Collar performs differently than the other collars tested. The Kerr Collar is specifically designed to contact the base of the helmet, which restricts motion of the head and neck. The Cowboy Collar and Bullock Collar are designed to prevent hyperextension of the neck. Therefore, the Cowboy Collar and Bullock Collar only reduce loads in front impacts. Restriction of motion correlates with load reductions for each of the collars. In the future, manufacturers should consider restricting the motion of the head and neck in more orientations than just hyperextension when designing collars. This restriction of motion should lead toward distributing loads to the shoulders, rather than the head and neck.

Each neck collar was tested at two different impact speeds, at three different impact locations, and two different shoulder pad positions. With the top impact location, it was found that the Kerr Football Neck Collar and Bullock Collar reduced head accelerations and force transmission through the neck, with the Kerr Collar producing greater reductions in force transmission. The Cowboy Collar produced no reductions in a top impact. With the front impact location, all the collars reduced lower neck moment, while the Kerr Collar was also capable of reducing the lower neck force and upper neck moment. With the side impact location, the Kerr Football Neck Collar produced the greatest lower neck moment reductions.

You can read the full report prepared by Virginia Tech’s Wake Forest Center for Injury Biomechanics. Click link below.

VIRGINIA TECH TEST RESULTS

Top 22 Best Football Shoulder Pads For Adults

Check out the best shoulder pads under $100 that you can buy in 2018 here.

After we presented our top 15 best youth football shoulder pads, we thought that it would be a good idea to showcase some adult football shoulder pads as well, particularly those manufactured by reputable companies such as Riddell, Schutt, and Xenith. Created using some of the best materials on the market and infused with modern technologies, the top 22 best american football shoulder pads will meet and surpass all of your expectations when it comes to reliability and looks, which means that finding a pair that’s just right for you should be a walk in the park.

Just like its name suggests, the Varsity XV HD All-Purpose by Schutt is a jack-of-all-trades that includes a Tactical Arch Design engineered for maximum range of motion. Lightweight and tough, this product has a Heat Moisture Management system based on a high-density EVA foam, which allows heat to escape and water to evaporate in order to keep the body as cool as possible. As for the pads, they boast ventilated arches and 7mm vent holes that minimize the risk of overheating, while a clavicle channel system absorbs impact around the AC joint.

The next Schutt model on our list is the Varsity XV HD Skill, which impresses with a series of pro-level features and a unique design created specifically for high school players. Highlights include a Tactical Arch Design that ensures a maximum range of motion, a Heat Moisture Management system with Multi-Axis air flow, as well as a Clavicle Channel System that absorbs impact around the AC joint while ensuring exceptional shoulder protection. We should also note the stainless steel hardware, the removable body, and the pre-drilled areas for accessory attachments.

The O2 Maxx All-Purpose shoulder pads by Schutt were created specifically for versatile players, and it is ideal for fullbacks, linebackers and some linemen. Its design boasts a longer, deeper cut, and it incorporates an upgraded padding protection for heavy-hitting players. There’s also some Redundant padding with Energy Lock technology, as well as an adjustable clavicle channel system that absorbs impact around the AC joint. The Tactical Arch design is also present, as are the 7mm vent holes and perforated EVA foam.

Moving on to a Riddell product, we’ll tell you about the Varsity Power SPX LB/FB shoulder pads, which feature a sleek appearance as well as plenty of modern-day features. These include Riddell’s RipKord technology, which is a release mechanism that allows for quick and easy removal by medical personnel. Then there’s the BIOTHANE STAC straps and belts that suit all body types, as well as the flat pad design, and the removable and adjustable channels and deltoid pads. The body and shell vents are completely breathable, which is always nice. At the end of the day, these are definitely some of the best shoulder pads for linebackers available.

As for the best shoulder pads for offensive lineman, they could very well be the Riddell Power SPX OL/DL, as they include a series of special features that improve overall flexibility in the shoulders. Highlights include swim cut arches, swivel fronts, stainless steel hardware, and a STAC shoulder system with a contoured epaulet that directs impact energy away from the shoulders and straight into the arch. This model also comes with an air management liner system that keeps the wearer cool at all times.

The Phenom SK shoulder pads by Riddell are recommended for all skilled positions, and they are available in sizes ranging from S to 2XL. They have removable back plates, PVC belts, and integrated channels, and their bodies are completely removable and adjustable for a perfect fit. The flat pad design also deserves a mention, of course, as does the air management liner.

The Xflexion Velocity pads by Xenith were also designed for skilled players, particularly those who are looking to leverage and optimize their speed and mobility. Even though they were created for skilled positions, this piece is in no way limited to them, as it includes low profile pads that don’t inhibit the wearer’s movement. Furthermore, each plate moves freely in order to ensure an exceptional range of motion. Other important details include floating sternum and spine protective plates, three Aware-Flow shock absorbers, and lightweight injection molded plates.

Xenith’s Xflexion Apex pads earned a spot on our list due to their unique skeletal protection system and 6 Aware Flow shock absorbers, which are usually installed in Xenith football helmets. Featuring a low profile as well as high-impact polycarbonate epaulet shoulder caps, these pads come in sizes ranging from S to XL, and they were created for all positions at the Varsity level. They can fit most name brand back plates, and they include a flexible shock cord that allows the plates to move independently.

The VS500 adult football shoulder pads by Adams are perfect for skill position players, and they offer a wider front arch and a deeper cut in order to ensure a full range of motion. The body cushion is completely removable, which adds points in the versatility department, while the Biothane belts are adjustable in order to provide a secure fit. We should also mention that the body cushion is ventilated, which means that it maximizes air circulation.

The VS500 by Adams also comes in an all-purpose variant, which features a narrow arch and integrated scapula pads for a plus of protection. The body cushion is fully ventilated, and it is treated with a special antimicrobial agent that keeps it fresh game after game. The cushion can always be removed for cleaning, should the need arise.

This model by Douglas was created for offensive and defensive linemen, which is why it boasts a flat design with a low-profile fit that enhances performance while improving arm mobility. The extra wide neck also serves to enhance range of motion, while an Air Management system relies on the open cell foam of the shoulder pad in order to disperse energy impact to a wide area. This product incorporates top shock absorbing flat pads, as well as plastic load spreaders.

The Douglas CP69 is a flat, low profile shoulder pad that offers exceptional range of motion and flexibility while still being able to provide irreproachable protection levels. The design features a cut-away arch, as well as super shaved SC-18 flaps, while a series of reverse cups further contribute to a streamlined and lightweight product. Furthermore, players can choose to customize their pad colors in order to match their team’s gear.

Rawlings is offering its Combat 36L football shoulder pad, which boasts a low profile cantilever construction that delivers great hitting protection without cutting down on mobility or field vision. One of the product’s most important highlights is represented by a technology called Venti Light, which is an outer layer of perforated closed cell EVA foam that’s laminated to a softer open cell inner foam. This tech minimizes pad weight while providing irreproachable protection.

If you’re looking for a pair of cheap football shoulder pads for adults, the Champro AMT-1000 Varsity definitely ticks all the right boxes. We’re talking about a low-cantilever pad construction with built-in clavicle pads and padded epaulet integrated deltoid pads, all of which contribute to outstanding levels of protection and comfort. The accessory attachment points for the backplate and neck collars should not be ignored either, and the same can be said about the 1. 5” wide T-Hook and strap attachment system.

As for the Vertex Varsity model from Champro, it comes with 1” coated belts with covered buckles, and with a backplate connection point. However, what makes these pads really stand out is the DRI-GEAR moisture wicking liner, and the BioFresh antimicrobial pad treatment that offers protection against damage from mildew stains, bacterial odors, and mold. The adjustable shoulder cushion has high-density memory foam, and a clavicle slot improves overall comfort while supporting a customized fit.

The very last Champro offering on our list is the AMT-2000 Varsity – a reliable, high-quality shoulder pad that impresses with a low-profile flat pad, a padded epaulet, and a hook-up system with a 14-hole strap. The air-management removable liner system is also quite important, as are the built-in clavicle pads, the accessory attachment points for a backplate, and the impact control dual adjustable and removable deltoid pads.

The Pro Gear PL60 Custom Color football shoulder pads for adults are aimed at big hitters who can take advantage of the product’s incredible protection levels. Main highlights include low profile Pro Gear Epaulets, corrugated arches for extra mobility and strength, as well as a technology called Performance Fit, which encourages freedom of movement. Air Management offers breathability thanks to an open cell foam named Orthofoam, while viscoelastic memory foam shoulder inserts further enhance the wearer’s comfort.

Another noteworthy Pro Gear offering is the PL15 Custom Color shoulder pads for adults, which also incorporate the brand’s Performance Fit technology, as well as Flat Pad cushioning and corrugated arches. The viscoelastic memory foam shoulder inserts are present as well, as is the Air Cool Mesh cushion liner that improves air circulation throughout the pads. Other important details include stainless steel hardware, low profile Pro Gear Epaulets, and a Biothane belt.

Pro Gear also has the PL65 pads on offer, but this time around, this product was designed specifically to keep the wearer’s arms as mobile as possible. This was achieved mainly with the help of Performance Fit tech, while the corrugated arches and Flat Pad cushioning also contribute to the same goal. The low profile Pro Gear Epaulets are definitely welcomed, while the biothane belt, Air Cool Mesh cushion liner and viscoelastic memory foam shoulder inserts round up a versatile and comfortable piece of football gear.

Created for multiple positions, the Gear Pro-Tec Razor RZ15 football shoulder pad for adults has flexible sternum and spine protective pads, as well as closed cell foam clavicle channel pads that can be adjusted for a perfect fit. This product includes the industry’s first pad-lock buckle system, which allows the wearer to attach straps just like seat belts. The tactical energy dispersion system and compressed HEX foam are always nice to have, but we should also mention the SAS-TEC Visco Elastic Foam system, and the moisture wicking fabric.

Let’s also have a look at the Gear Pro-Tec Z-Cool Pro select, shall we? This product is incredibly lightweight and flexible, and it incorporates 1” adjustable belts with non-cut buckles that provide a custom, comfortable fit. Moreover, it features Pro Select Pads, which are the lightest and most flexible pads offered by Gear Pro-Tec, while a patented Z-COOL moisture management system forces hot air out while pulling cool air in. The moisture wicking, anti-microbial fabric is incredibly practical, while the adjustable and removable waterproof Air Release clavicle pad further contributes to a customized fit.

The last offering on our list is also from Gear Pro-Tec, and it was dubbed X2 Air X-27F. Flaunting a traditional design and a Perforated Moisture management system, this is undoubtedly one of the most comfortable pads on our list, especially since it also includes vent holes in the shell, as well as adjustable caps and deltoid pads that support a full range of motion. Other highlights comprise a patented front lock stabilizer, an extended rear arch for extra protection at the back, and a low-profile Flat Pad build.

Common Shoulder Injuries in Football

Football leads all other sports in the number of injuries that occur during play. The rough nature of the sport and high-speed contact make injuries common. Whether athletes are tackled or run into each other, their bodies absorb the impact, which can cause serious injury.

Shoulder injuries are particularly common in football, occurring from contact with other players or the ground or from throwing injuries.

Types of Shoulder Injuries

The most common types of shoulder injuries include shoulder dislocations and separations. These can occur from direct contact with another player or the playing surface.

Shoulder dislocations occur when the humerus ball disassociates from the scapular socket. The shoulder is one of the most frequently dislocated joints in the body. A shoulder separation, on the other hand, occurs when the ligaments attached to the collarbone partially or completely tear away from the shoulder blade.

Symptoms of a dislocation or separation include severe pain, grinding, limited movement and a visible deformity.

Rotator cuff tears often occur from overuse and repetitive motion, such as throwing a football, or trauma from man-to-man contact or a fall.

There are two different types of rotator cuff tears. In a partial tear, the tendon is not completely detached from the bone, whereas a complete, full-thickness tear occurs when the tendon is torn away from the bony attachment. A complete tear can’t heal on its own and must be repaired with surgery to regain full range of motion and function.

Symptoms of a rotator cuff tear include pain when lifting your arm from your side, weakness in your shoulder, a snapping feeling when trying to move your arm, or pain that worsens at night. Over time, symptoms of serious rotator cuff tears become worse and more painful and can’t be relieved by rest or medicine.

Treatment

If you’re experiencing consistent shoulder pain that rest, ice, or anti-inflammatory medication doesn’t relieve, you should see a doctor. Discuss your symptoms and let the doctor know how the injury happened. A physical examination will be performed, and you’ll likely undergo tests that may include X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI.

For mild shoulder soreness or injuries, rest and icing generally are effective in treating the injury and reducing pain. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen can also help reduce pain. If swelling, redness, warmth, or pain persists after several days, you should see a doctor to be evaluated.

For serious shoulder injuries such as rotator cuff tears, surgery could be necessary depending on the severity of the injury. If you frequently experience shoulder dislocations, doctors may also suggest surgery.

Prevention

When playing football, the first step for preventing shoulder injuries is wearing regulation equipment and padding that fits properly, especially shoulder pads. Be sure to get fitted for protective equipment at the start of every season.

Another preventive measure is practicing proper tackling and blocking techniques. You should also participate in a strength and conditioning program to help strengthen your body and make it more flexible and less prone to injury.
It’s important not to ignore a shoulder injury because it could become more serious and painful. Contact your doctor if you’ve been experiencing painful symptoms for more than a couple of days. To prevent further shoulder injuries during football, be sure to wear proper-fitting equipment and utilize correct techniques on the field.

For more information about shoulder injuries, download our eBook The Pre-Operative Guide to Shoulder Surgery or set up a consultation with one of Premier’s physicians.

Padding, taping and bracing sports injuries

Factors taken into consideration when
deciding on padded sportswear, taping a limb or wearing a joint brace,
depends on the likelihood of physical trauma during exercise, the contact
level of the sport, if the injury is new or recurring, and the location
and extent of the wound. Padding, taping and bracing are some of the
options available to athletes for protecting their bodies from injury.
Trained sports professionals can best advise on pads, tapes and braces,
or devices such as straps, splints, belts, guards, and slings that can
help players reduce sports injury.

Padding for sports protection

Padding can be applied to sportswear,
such as shoulder pads for football players or knee pads for cricket
wicket keepers and roller-blade skaters. Or field equipment can be padded,
like rugby goal posts. Certain sports rely on padding as part of the
game, such as boxers’ gloves.

Protecting the player with reinforced
padded clothing is usually the priority, especially the shoulders, legs
and head. Goalkeepers in rugby, football, hockey and cricket wear padded
shorts to protect from groin injury. When protection is not worn, boxers
can sprain and break fingers or their wrists, football players can dislocate
their shoulders or fracture the collarbone, cricketers can severely
damage their knee joints, and cyclists may experience brain trauma if
a part padded helmet is not worn.

It’s vital for players to identify
what their sports padding needs are through advice from either professionally
trained sports coaches or physiotherapists, prior to engaging in athletic
activity that may cause injury.

Taping for sports protection

When a player injures a joint, such
as an ankle sprain in athletics or elbow injury in tennis, the injured
joint should be taped to limit movement, stabilise the joint and protect
the trauma site from further damage. Joint soft tissue is particularly
vulnerable to damage after injury. By taping, such as with zinc oxide
tape, the joint is reinforced and kept in position. If joints are weak,
players can tape joints prior to sport as a means of support to reduce
risk of injury.

Tapes used on joints are less elastic
to restrict movement, but tapes used on the muscles that stick directly
to the skin, such as elastic adhesive bandages, aim to provide controlled
support to movement and expand with the muscle with flex and contraction.

Compression tapes that do not stick
to the skin directly are usually used after a sporting injury to treat
the trauma site, and are either wrapped around the wounded limb or joint.
In sports matches, such as rugby and tennis, first aid officers or paramedics,
usually have such bandages on hand. Some sports coaches in athletics
and boxing also keep such tapes available in the event of sports injury.

Bracing for sports protection

Braces can be worn by athletes during
sport activity to reinforce muscles and joints, reducing the risk of
injury. If a player has an existing injury, braces are worn as a means
to prevent further injury to the knee, ankle or back.

Lower back or spinal injuries are common
in certain sports, such as gymnastics and tennis where the body is rotated
with joints and vertebrae under pressure as the body shifts weight.
Spinal braces stabilise the back vertebrae keeping them in position
and under less friction pressure, also improving posture.

Depending on the type of sport, which
parts of the body are most under pressure, or where an existing injury
is located, braces may be designed to stabilize ligaments and joints,
such as hinged knee brace or the patella stabilizers brace. Dual action
knee straps of often used to treat runner’s knee.

Best Football Shoulder Pads For Youth And Adult Players In 2020

Shoulder pads are a vital piece of football safety equipment. They protect the player’s shoulders, back, and upper chest for impact during collisions.

While all pads are designed to offer protection, they don’t all perform to the same standards.

So how do you know which are the right shoulder pads to invest in?

Well, read on, and you’ll find out.

Best Football Shoulder Pads For Adults

1. Schutt Sports XV HD Varsity Football Shoulder Pads

These high-performance shoulder pads employ a Clavicle Channel System.

This is whereby the pads absorb impact specifically around the AC joint, therefore, providing maximum shoulder protection.

On the other hand, the XV HD shell comes with heat and moisture management systems.

These enhance airflow for natural cooling action.

The arches of the shoulder pads have vent holes, as well.

This lightweight low-profile shoulder pad allows for great mobility and is built to match up to pro-level standards.

Additionally, the longer cut of the all-purpose pad accommodates players in various positions, including Linebackers, Fullbacks, Defensive Ends, Offensive Lines, and Defensive Line.

Pros

• Lightweight 3-pound pads
• Has high-density EVA foam cushioning
• Well ventilated
• Non-intrusive low-profile design
• Non-epaulet design, so the opponent has nothing to grab onto

Cons

• Doesn’t offer sufficient rib protection

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2. Sports Unlimited Prospect Pro Adult Football Shoulder Pads

The flat pad design of these shoulder pads allows it to sit low on the player’s shoulders so that there’s full head and neck movement for better mobility and comfort.

The cushioning consists of dual-density foam that is pleasantly lightweight and breathable.

It provides ample protection and softens hard hits impressively well.

There are also ventilated channels within the foam padding.

These built-in air channels promote airflow, thereby keeping the player cool and dry.

Pros

• Machine washable
• Ventilated channels allow for proper airflow
• Lightweight, universal multi-position design
• Uses durable dual-density foam
• Two-in-one belt system for a snug secure fit

Cons

• Doesn’t come in smaller sizes

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3. Schutt Sports Varsity FLEX 4.0 All-Purpose Football Shoulder Pads

This shoulder pad is highly breathable owing to the perforated cushioning, the breathable mesh, and the arch vents.

If you run particularly hot, then this is just what you need to ensure you stay comfortably cool and dry throughout the match.

The deeper cut in the arch of these shoulder pads allows for versatility and a wide range of motion.

The all-purpose shoulder pads are ideal for use by Quarterbacks, Wide Receivers, Running Backs, and Defensive Backs.

Pros

• Extremely breathable
• Weighs a mere 4 pounds
• Perfectly balances performance and protection
• Comfortable and fits perfectly
• Suitable for players of all ages

Cons

• Offers insufficient protection for linemen

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4. Riddell Power SPK+ Adult Football Shoulder Pads

If you’re willing to part with a serious amount of cash in the quest of finding the best football shoulder pads, then consider getting the Riddell Power SPK+ adult football shoulder pads.

Featuring a STAC shoulder system, these pads allow for maximum mobility of the arms while keeping the AC joint well protected.

RipKord Technology allows for quick removal of the shoulder pads, which is a very convenient feature if the player should get injured.

In an emergency where time is of high value, you can use the strategically placed cord to pull the shoulder pads apart and get access to the player.

Pros

• Safety RipKord Technology for emergencies
• Has removable and adjustable clavicle pads
• Doesn’t limit the range of motion
• Comes with a screw-on backplate for extra protection
• Sleek low-profile design

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5. Athletic Specialties Adult Football Shoulder Pad Cushion

Some football shoulder pads don’t come with sufficient cushioning that a player desires.

If this is the situation you are in, then you can get this Athletic Specialties Adult Football Shoulder Pad Cushion.

The ½ inch cushion is meant to go under shoulder pads for enhanced shock absorption.

You can cut the form to resize it accordingly so that it fits better under your shoulder pads.

For instance, you may choose to cut out the clavicle area.

Pros

• Lightweight 1-pound construction
• Ample ½ inch cushioning
• Can be cut for customization
• Underarm straps allow for an adjustable fit
• It is non-restricting

Cons

• Doesn’t hold up too well after prolonged use

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6. Xenith YTH XFLEXTION Flyte Shoulder Pads

These shoulder pads come with injection-molded plates for a better anatomical and customized fit.

Besides, it comes with a flexible sock cord, which allows the plates to move independently.

This feature provides improved protection and flexibility of the shoulder pads.

There is a floating sternum plater for added protection against impact as well as high impact foam padding for cushioning.

Pros

• Sleek and lightweight design
• Has an anatomical form for a customized fit
• The plates can move independently
• Has an additional floating sternum plate for added protection
• Suitable for all skill positions

Cons

• Doesn’t come with a backplate

No products found.

7. Sports Unlimited Prospect Pro Adult Football Shoulder Pads

Is it possible to fly across the field at top speed while feeling safe and comfortable at the same time?

With this Sports Unlimited Prospect Pro shoulder pads, yes, it is.

The pads are made using double layer foam, which gives an extremely comfortable fit.

At the same time, this foam is pretty lightweight and won’t weigh down the player.

The extended body length of this shoulder pad allows the cushioning to extend beyond the arches.

This extended design allows for enhanced protection of the back and lower torso from hard impacts.

Pros

• Added back and lower torso protection
• Has comfortable double-layer foam
• Lightweight design
• Has ventilation channels for airflow
• Universal design suitable for all positions

Cons

• Doesn’t have sufficient cushioning for linemen.

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Best Football Shoulder Pads For Youth Players

1. Sports Unlimited Prospect Youth Football Shoulder Pads

The flat pad design of the Sports Unlimited Prospect Youth Football Shoulder Pads allows it to sit low of the shoulders.

This way, players have more room to make side to side head movements.

They also get to enjoy an unobstructed view of the field.

Additionally, ventilated channels built-in within the cushioning promote airflow throughout the cushion pads for cooling comfort.

Pros

• Extended body cushion design
• Low-profile flat pad design
• Has cooling channels in the cushioning
• Lightweight and durable
• Has comfortable double-layer foam

Cons

• The arches aren’t ventilated

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2. Schutt Sports Y-Flex 4.0 All-Purpose Youth Football Shoulder Pads

The lightweight all-purpose design of this shoulder pad offers fantastic varsity-style protection.

The extended body length is great for the players who need extra protection on the gridiron.

The cushioning system comprises dual-density padding for protective comfort, combined with breathable mesh for breathability.

7mm vent holes in the shell of the shoulder pads further enhance its ventilation for cool and dry comfort.

Pros

• Very lightweight weighing just 3 pounds
• Well ventilated
• Comfortable and supportive dual-density padding
• Ideal for all youth positions
• Extended design for added protection

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3. Wilson Youth TDY Rush Shoulder Pads

The Wilson Youth TDY Rush Shoulder Pads offer a technically advanced contour fit ideal for younger players.

You might notice that the epaulets on these pads are more forward-facing than what you’d find on most other shoulder pads.

This epaulet design is so that the pads can accommodate new tackling techniques, namely the Heads Up and the Tackle Sure Techniques.

Pros

• Technically advanced design
• Lightweight
• Offers superior protection
• Gives a contoured fit
• Can be adjusted in several areas for a better fit

Cons

• Doesn’t offer rib protection

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4. Riddell Sports 8053420 Pursuit Youth Shoulder Pad

The Z-Fit belting system used on these shoulder pads makes it wear to put on and take off the pads.

Additionally, the Riddell Pursuit Youth pads have integrated deltoid pads for better protection, and it has extended arches as well.

The flat pad design allows the shoulder pads to lie low on the shoulder.

This provides an unobstructed view and better neck mobility.

Pros

• Easy to wear and take off
• Has extended arches for extra support
• Low profile flat pad design
• Has removable and adjustable bodies
• Fairly priced

Cons

• The deltoid pads aren’t removable

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5. Schutt Mid Flex 4.0 Youth Shoulder Pads

This shoulder pad comes with raised corrugations and vent holes, which give it a tough look designed to offer maximum protection.

The breathable dual-density mesh, in conduction with the mesh lining, give this shoulder pad a very breathable feel for optimum airflow.

The 3-point belt system, on the other hand, results in a stable and secure fit, so the pads stay put once worn.

Pros

• 3-point belt system offers a very secure fit
• Superior performance ideal for youth players
• Well ventilated
• Has antimicrobial properties
• Offers great mobility

Cons

• Doesn’t offer sufficient rib protection

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6. CHAMPRO Scorpion YTH Shoulder Pads

The high strength, high impact PE arches on these shoulder pads give fantastic protection and are extremely durable.

The easy-to-release system ensures that the player can get the pads on and off without requiring any assistance.

This is a great feature, especially considering the pads are designed for use by younger players.

There are tempered steel springs put in place to aid with the dispersion of force.

Additionally, the shell comes pre-drilled to allow for accessory attachments such as a backplate.

Pros

• Sleek design
• Premium pads at a great price point
• Easy-to-release system makes it incredibly easy to wear and take off the pads
• Durable high impact arches
• Has tempered steel springs for dispersion of force

Cons

• The padding doesn’t offer adequate protection for linemen

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7. Riddell Sports Surge Youth Football Shoulder Pad

The Riddell Sports Surge Youth Football Shoulder Pad is incredibly lightweight, weighing just 2.8 pounds.

This has been made possible by the durable injection molded shell.

As a result, the shell is rigid enough to protect against impact but still flexible enough for mobility.

The stylish shoulder pads come with a velvet collar for enhanced comfort and a flat pad design that lays low on the shoulders.

Pros

• Extremely lightweight weighing just 2.8 pounds
• Comes with a built-in backplate
• Has a velvet collar for comfort
• Low-profile flat pad design
• Removable interior padding

Cons

• The backplate isn’t removable

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Why Do Players Wear Shoulder Pads? Are They Necessary?

The primary purpose of a shoulder pad is to absorb shock during impact, thereby protecting the player in case of a collision.

Shoulder pads consist of a hard, outer shell lined with shock-absorbing foam padding underneath.

The padding is designed to fit over the player’s chest, rib area, and shoulders then secured by snaps and buckles to keep the shoulder pad in place.

Should a collision occur, the padding, which is strung on tight webbing, deforms on impact.

This way, they absorb the shock before it reaches the player’s body.

The other reason why footballers wear shoulder pads is to allow for the distribution of shock over a larger surface.

Point pressure applied at a very high force could easily break the player’s bones and cause severe harm and injury.

While wearing a shoulder pad, however, the shock generated during a collision gets to be distributed through the ample padding in the shoulder pad.

This design thereby reduces pressure at the point of impact, resultantly decreasing the severity of any damage incurred.

Football shoulder pads provide the ultimate protection for a player’s shoulder, clavicle, scapula, and sternum.

Additional attachments may be added to protect the cervical spine, ribs, abdomen, upper extremity, flank, and back.

Besides, did you know that wearing a shoulder pad could keep the player cool throughout the game?

Well, some shoulder pads come with a cooling mechanism.

So should collisions occur, the shoulder pad deforms, redistributes the resultant pressure and cools the player to lessen the severity of any injuries.

Styles of Football Shoulder Pads

Cantilevered Shoulder Pads

Cantilevered shoulder pads are bulkier and, therefore, quite restricting on the motion of the shoulders.

The name comes from the hard, plastic bridge which the pads make over the shoulder to protect the chest and back.

They work by dispensing force into the pads rather than on the shoulders. These pads are best suited for players who block and tackle.

This shoulder pad design is great for defensive ends who often need the added protection of larger cups and flaps for making tackles.

Non-Cantilevered / Flat Shoulder Pads

Non-Cantilevered Shoulder Pads are less restricting on the motion of the shoulders.

In addition to being less restricting, non-cantilevered shoulder pads are more lightweight, as well.

For this reason, they are better suited for offensive backs, receivers, and quarterbacks because they provide more freedom of movement.

This way, the player gets to enjoy greater mobility when catching and making passes.

Non-cantilevered shoulder pads are gaining popularity with offensive linemen as well, who primarily use their hands to block.

Flat pads work by absorbing the maximum amount of impact, using the smallest amount of space.

The low-bulk padding uses open-cell foam to spread the force of a hot over the widest area possible.

Types of Football Shoulder Pads

Quarterback & Wide Receiver Shoulder Pads

These are designed for agility and mobility. The shoulder pad allows for a wide range of motion suitable for quarterbacks and wide receivers.

They are the lightest pads you will find, and also offer the greatest range of motion.

Quarterback shoulder pads feature:

• Low profile design that doesn’t restrict the player’s vision
• Lightweight strategically placed padding
• Small shoulder flaps
• Flexible shell and cushioning
• Minimal epaulets

Running Back & Defensive Back Shoulder Pads

Similar to quarterback shoulder pads, the running back, and defensive back pads are also designed for mobility and agility.

The difference is whereby the latter offers more protection to allow the player to comfortably and safely run through traffic.

Running back shoulder pads feature:

• Low profile design that doesn’t restrict the player’s vision
• Stronger padding and cushioning
• Lightweight construction
• Flexible shell
• Untied hitting flaps for the full range of arm motion
• Minimal epaulets

Fullback & Linebacker Shoulder Pads

Fullback pads are also known as multipurpose shoulder pads.

They have bigger shoulder flaps, and they also go further down the body to offer more protection.

The design has less of a swim, which means that the player gets to have lesser movement as compared to other pads.

Fullback shoulder pads feature:

• Extremely secure fit using vinyl buckles
• High impact padding
• Plated front connections to reduce mid-play re-adjustments
• Heavier construction when compared to quarterback and running back pads

Linemen Shoulder Pads

These are the heaviest and most durable shoulder pads in the market.

The pads are designed to offer ultimate protection against the hardest of hits which makes the perfect for the trenches

The pads are wider, and they also go further down the player’s body.

Linemen shoulder pads feature:

• Heavy, tough construction
• A sleek profile without extra epaulets that opponents can grab onto
• Secure fit using plated front instead of laces
• Streamlined pad
• Ample mobility
• Vinyl buckles or elastic straps for a secure fit

Things to Consider When Choosing Shoulder Pads

Position

Some player positions prioritize speed over protection while others prioritize protection over agility.

You, therefore, need to understand the demands of a specific position before deciding on which shoulder pad type and style will best suit your needs.

Lightweight pads with minimal padding best suite quarterbacks and wider receivers, while lightweight pads with stronger padding best suite running backs and defensive backs.

Fullbacks and line-backers require a serious amount of protection, but at the same time, the pad should allow for speed and ease of movement.

Lastly, linemen need as much protection as they can get as they block for and protect the ball carriers.

The ideal shoulder pad is that which allows the players to execute all their plays and roles without weighing them down or restricting their range of motion.

Weight

The weight of the shoulder pad determines the effect it will have on the player’s body and their performance.

A heavy pad, even by a small degree, will slow the player down, thereby giving the opponents an upper hand.

In addition to that, a heavier pad will limit the player’s endurance, making them feel tired faster.

This is because, with a heavier shoulder pad, the player would be spending a lot of energy supporting the extra weight of the pad rather than spending that energy on the field.

A football player is nothing without his speed and endurance. So, a heavier shoulder pad is simply out of the question.

The matter of weight is quite crucial and a big challenge for many manufacturers. They are tasked with having to enhance the rigidity of the shoulder pad, but without increasing its weight.

Material

Football pads often have a hard, plastic outer shell. This plastic should be rigid, to offer maximum protection.

At the same time, however, it should not be so stiff that it prevents the player from bending and making quick movements.

The pad should be rigid enough to offer ample protection, yet flexible enough to allow the player to player to move their arms and twist their torso as they wiggle out of a tackle.

Underneath the hard, plastic shell, the shoulder pad foam padding underneath for shock absorption.

In this case, Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) cushioning is often preferred because it has superior properties, unlike other types of traditional padding used in shoulder pads.

TPU doesn’t break down or compress, and neither does it develop mold and mildew.

In addition to that, TPU doesn’t hold heat, so the player never feels uncomfortably warm, especially after a collision.

The padding is usually inserted into the shoulder, chest, and back areas, and it helps to dissipate the force of an impact.

The rigid exterior and the cushioned interior of the shoulder pad is what helps protect the player from impact by offering shock absorption and dissipation of force upon impact.

Mobility

Does the shoulder pad you are looking to buy allow for an extensive range of motion?

The range of motion here isn’t just regarding the arms, but it also refers to the allowance given for moving the head and neck.

At the same time, you want a shoulder pad that stays put and doesn’t ride up during a game, thereby getting in the way and obstructing your view.

To effectively tackle and make catches, a player needs to be able to comfortably move their neck, arms, and head throughout the game.

If one of these is restricted, then it will not only hurt your performance but can also result in serious injury.

You wouldn’t want to be the player than lets their teammates down during a big game’s final seconds, now would you?

That’s just what the wrong shoulder pad can do to you.

Despite the rigidity of the shoulder pad, make sure you can move your arms and twist your torso with minimal effort.

So, when trying out shoulder pads trying to settle on which one to buy, try and simulate different stances and plays just like you would during a match.

Protection

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is known to last longer, absorb more impact and protect better than any other padding system you will find in the market.

This is a good thing because the best shoulder pads should offer ample protection without deteriorating.

Regardless of whether the pads are new or whether they are a year old, shoulder pads ought to hold up well to wear and tear.

The amount of protection offered also depends on the rigidity of the hard, outer plastic shell.

The best shell should be extremely rigid to disperse impact, yet flexible enough to allow for a range of movement.

Ventilation

Some brands have ventilation holes drilled directly onto the shell of the shoulder pad.

These ventilation holes allow for the escape of hot air, thereby keeping the footballer cool and ventilated, and they run up and down the field.

Other brands come with a cooling technology integrated within the foam padding.

Upon impact, these cooling beads not only absorb the force of the hit by they also force cool air around the body.

Improved ventilation in the shoulder pad’s shell allows hot air to escape and lets cool air in so that there is less build-up of sweat.

How Do You Know What Size Shoulder Pads to Get?

Step 1: Grab a cloth tape measure.

Step 2: Get a guardian or friend to take your measurements. Never try to measure yourself.

Step 3: Stand up straight and place your arms at your sides.

Step 4: Measure your shoulder width by stretching the tape measure across your back.

Measure between your AC joints, from outside one shoulder tip to the other shoulder tip. Add ½ inch to this measurement.

Step 5: Measure your chest size by wrapping the tape measure around your chest. Wrap the tape around your upper torso, under the armpits, and take this circumference.

Step 6: Weigh yourself. Typically, youth size shoulder pads are classified by weight, so you will need to know your exact weight for a proper fit.

Note down all the measurements, i.e., shoulder width, chest width, and weight, and now you are all set to start shopping for your new shoulder pads.

This video might help give you a better idea when it comes to finding the right shoulder pad size.

When fitting shoulder pads, there are certain rules of fit you should pay attention to, which guarantee optimum support and protection.

• The pads should completely cover the Collarbones, Shoulder joints, and Shoulder blades.
• Deltoid padding should extend to the outer shoulder edge.
• The neck opening should not restrict movement.
• Should have adequate space on either side of the neck roll when the player raises his arms over his head.
• Once worn and tightened, the shoulder pad should fit securely without slipping back and forth.

How Do You Wear Football Pads?

Step 1: Loosen the laces at the front of the shoulder pad and undo the straps at the side, that go under the arms.

Step 2: Pull the pads apart so that they can easily go over your head.

Step 3: Bring the shoulder pads down over your head, taking care not to scratch your nose or eyes in the process.

Step 4: Make sure the pads are aligned correctly.

Step 5: Tighten and secure all straps and laces and buckle all belts and straps. Make sure you have correctly connected the front and back of your shoulder pads.

Step 6: Check the fit. How does the shoulder pad feel? Does it sit comfortably on your shoulders? Use the rules of coverage mentioned above to make sure everything is as it should be.

Step 7: Move around, and while doing this, double-check the fit. Perform some on-field actions to confirm the fit, comfort, and coverage offered by the shoulder pads.

You may use this video to guide your steps and provide further clarification.

FAQ For Football Shoulder Pads Guide

What Are the Best Shoulder Pads for Wide Receivers?

The position of a wide receiver demands that the player eludes defenders with high speed and agility as they attempt to catch the ball.

As a result, these players require extremely lightweight pads which will help then run with speed, while still allowing the pads to absorb hits.

Low-Profile design is also preferred seeing as it won’t ride up as the wide receiver runs and obstruct their view.

In addition to being lightweight, the plastic shell should allow for flexibility, so the player stays agile and enjoys a greater range of motion.

What Are the Best Shoulder Pads for Quarterbacks?

The quarter is essentially the leader of a football team. This position requires one to call the plays, yell signals while at the line of scrimmage or receiver balls from the center.

As a result, shoulder pads for quarterbacks need to be extremely lightweight and non-burdening.

A quarterback may not receive many hits so they can get away with a shoulder pad having minimal cushioning.

Similar to the wide receiver shoulder pads, low-profile design is preferred, and the shell should offer ample flexibility as well.

What Are Shoulder Pads Made Of?

Shoulder pads have two main components: a hard, outer shell for rigidity and shock-absorbing foam for cushioning.

The hard, outer shell is made from plastics. It should be very rigid for ultimate protection, yet remain flexible at the same time to allow for mobility.

On the other hand, the cushioning underneath the hard, outer shell often consists of TPU padding.

This material is preferred because it doesn’t compress, and neither does it degenerate over time.

Additionally, TPU cushioning is resistant to mold and mildew and doesn’t hold heat, as is the case with traditional shoulder pad padding systems.

How Much Do Football Shoulder Pads Weigh?

Linemen shoulder pads are the heaviest, and they weight about 6 pounds on average.

Wide receiver and Quarterback shoulder pads are lighter and more flexible. These pads weigh anywhere between 3-5 pounds.

How to Clean Football Shoulder Pads?

To minimize dirt, sweat, and accumulation of bacteria, football shoulder pads ought to be cleaned at least once a week during football season.

After the season, you may have them professionally cleaned for deep cleaning and to ensure shape retention.

To clean the pads at home, start by separating the plastic shell from the cushioning. Then wipe the shell down with a cloth dipped in warm soapy water.

To clean the cushioning, spray disinfectant all over the pads and air to dry.

Ensure everything is completely dry before assembling them back together.

How Long Will New Shoulder Pads Last?

When buying the pads for a young athlete, then keep in mind that the kid might outgrow the shoulder pads before it’s time to replace them.

Other than that, good shoulder pads should last you several football seasons as long as you adhere to the correct care and maintenance instructions.

Collared & Tied – Pilates Alliance Australasia

Collarbone fracture rehabilitation in a Pilates studio setting

by Carla Mullins

The collarbone is an area of the body that is commonly fractured in falls. Collarbone fractures can result from simple activities such as falling off our bicycle, playing tennis, skateboarding, skiing, playing touch football, car accident, or even an accidental trip after a few drinks! This article is about collarbone fracture rehabilitation, of particular relevance for a pilates studio setting:

• A review of the anatomy of the clavicle, also known as a collar bone;
• How the collar bone is commonly injured;
• What the healing process is for repair;
• What the safe and appropriate exercises are for a collar bone fracture.

An anatomy review of the clavicle

The clavicle is a ‘lazy S’ shaped bone that is not fully ossified (becomes adult bone) until we are around 25 years of age. Due to this late maturation and generally higher levels of activity, young people are at a higher risk of fracture. Similarly due to structural degeneration and a higher risk of falls, fracture risk is also high in the elderly population and particularly in women.

The clavicle is important in that it attaches the shoulder girdle to the sternum, providing a strut or anchor point for the shoulder to articulate with the axial skeleton. Its other significant role is that it allows us to further extend movement of the scapula and thereby the arm away from the body. To understand how the arm and clavicle interrelate, put two fingers of your right hand on top of your left clavicle and gently pull down and away from your head. Now try and lift your left arm, note how it can be more difficult to lift that arm when the clavicle is not moving. The major muscles associated with movement of the clavicle and the shoulder include:

• Deltoids (anterior)
• Pectoralis major (clavicular head)
• Pectoralis minor (acts on scapula)
• Trapezius (upper fibres)
• Latisimus dorsi

The clavicle is also a major attachment site for the muscles of your neck, e.g. sternocleidomastoid and platysma muscles.

Focus on breathing work

A focus on breathing is also very important whenever we discuss the collarbone. A lot of muscles involved in breathing attach to the collarbone and if they are affected so to will the person’s breathing patterns and thoracic mobility. The anatomy and some ideas that can be added to collarbone work discussed in this article can be reviewed in our article on Thoracic Spine Exercises.

Most common site for collarbone fractures

The middle 1/3 of the collarbone is the most common site of fracture (~70% prevalence of collar bone factures), particularly in children. Medial fractures are uncommon (~3%), distal is more common (~28%) and has a higher occurrence rate in older people. A displaced fracture is when the bones after the injury have not aligned. Displaced fractures are more common in adults, likely due to the high-energy nature of the trauma e.g. car accidents. In the senior population this injury is more likely to occur from a fall directly onto the shoulder.

Common mechanisms of injury are a fall on the shoulder (lateral force) common in bicycle, football and skateboard injuries. When a person falls and fractures their collarbone they may also to have torn ligaments, particularly if the fracture occurs in the medial or lateral 1/3 as this is where the ligaments attach. This can have implications on healing and recovery time, and ongoing stability in the associated joint.

What is the repair process?

Bone fractures
Healing can best occur once the fracture is stable, which generally means immobilisation of those bones. There are many stages to the bone healing, which can take up to 2 years. The primary healing of bone typically occurs in 4-6 weeks, with remodelling and stronger secondary union taking approximately 12 weeks. During the remodelling stage between primary and secondary healing, the bony callus that has formed is still vulnerable to re-fracture or mal-union. To avoid this, weight bearing and lifting loads through the associated limb should be closely monitored and gradually progressed.

Ligaments
Ligamentous healing differs to that of bone in several ways. The healing time frame for a torn ligament is significantly longer relative to bone, and in the case of significant or full tears the strength and elastic properties of the ligament will not return to pre-injury state. Whilst this may sound worrying, it simply means that your body will need to adapt a more active strategy in stabilising these structures. It is important to de-load the ligaments during the first 2-4 weeks, to prevent re-rupture and allow the ligament to regain some elasticity. The most recent evidence indicates that guided return to loading is also extremely important, with gradual low load mobilisation from as early as one week following injury.

The introduction of low load work and range of motion movements should be progressed with supervision over the next 3 months, as the ligament fully heals and begins to remodel best with ongoing controlled loading much the same as bone.

Ligaments have a limited blood supply, therefore the remodelling process can take months and up to a year to reach maximal recovery. As a result rehabilitation and stabilisation of the bones will take time and ongoing management and appropriate progression.

What do you do when dealing with a collarbone fracture?

When you have a collarbone fracture to work with our starting point is that:

• Be aware of the injury site, the person could still do leg work when at the studio but it is probably not a good idea to lay the person on their side during early stages of a collar bone fracture recovery.
• Know what stage the person is at and that there will be a certain focus on the exercises for the arm and shoulder during that period of time. The person’s physiotherapist should have given them some exercises focusing on isometric strength, range of motion and then more global strength. When working with the clients it is important to help them focus on correct alignment and activation of the appropriate muscles. This will ensure that they are doing their homework correctly.

We have broken down the phases of collarbone fracture focus based on standard healing times for bones and ligaments. Understanding these healing times allows you to understand the structure’s capacity for load and movement. It is also important to remember that the bone structure is different for children, young adults and older adults and that this affects some of the healing and management process for these fractures.

Exercises for collarbone fracture rehabilitation

Early stages: Weeks 1-4

Immediately after the injury the collarbone must go through an inflammation and the start of tissue repair. Accordingly, immobilisation is important for the first 3-4 weeks to de-load bone and ligament as they begin to heal. A doctor and physiotherapist will generally recommend a splint of some type.

Children under 11 years old with non-displaced fractures do not usually require follow-up by a doctor or fracture clinic, assuming pain is remitting and there is no further displacement of the fracture as inflammation subsides and they are weened out of the sling. Children older than 11 years and adults will typically require follow-up with a doctor.

Mobilisation out of the sling commences at two weeks depending on pain control and if the fracture shows no sign of further displacement, with specific movements prescribed by the physiotherapist.

Daily exercise
To ensure optimal healing and to maintain strength, stability and mobility in surrounding structures, it is important to commence specific exercises in the first few weeks after injury.

The primary focus will be isometric strength and low-load or gravity minimised range of motion exercises, as prescribed by your physiotherapist. These may include: upper limb pendular movements; isometric shoulder movements; rotator cuff stabilisation.

The best approach is to be consistent and commit a small amount of each day to movement and exercises.  Some exercises that could be included at this stage are:

• Pendulum exercises for the shoulders.
• Elbow/wrist range of motion exercises: elbow flexion/extension, forearm pro/supination; wrist flexion/extension; radial/ulnar deviation.
• Isometric holds of biceps/triceps/rotator cuff e.g. holds against wall, see rotator cuff video below.

Weeks 4-8: Range of motion and strengthening exercises

During this period of time the bone is starting to remodel and in reality this process can take years to complete, but the 8 week stage is a significant point in the remodelling process because of callus formation.

Children should be checked by their doctor if pain is increasing, or sensation changes abruptly. Sports and activities with physical contact should be avoided for the 8-12 weeks after the sling has been removed. A lump usually develops at the fracture site, which may be visible and palpable for months to years and is not cause for concern unless accompanied by significant swelling, pain or redness.

A physiotherapist will continue treating the soft tissue injuries and identify structural imbalances caused by a clavicle fracture. In addition, the physiotherapist will provide some specific exercises to gradually progress shoulder, elbow and wrist range of motion that you can work on in a pilates studio setting. These exercises can be added to other work with in the studio setting, within the guidelines set by the physiotherapist.

If the person is healing well, there should be a gradual increase in the range of motion exercises and they can begin strengthening exercises.

Exercises for Weeks 4-8

• Supported shoulder range of motion (ROM) exercises e.g. wall walk to comfortable ROM, see video seated knee stretch, seated wall ball roll.
• Wrist, elbow and hand ROM coupled movements e.g. biceps flexion with forearm supination or pronation, e.g. Incy Wincy Spider in the video below.
• Continued isometric work, e.g. the wall knee stretch in the video below.

Theraband neck exercise is another good isometric exercise to add in at this stage, remembering that many neck muscles attach to the collar bone.

The deltoids attach to the clavicle. In injuries they can tighten in protection. These exercises with Makarlu Lotus are about triggering the muscle to relax it rather than stretching it.

Triggering through the triceps can help release their pull on the scapula. Remember that the scapula articulates with the collar bone.

Trigger through the bicep with Makarlu Lotus. In this position you can also achieve a nice pec release.

Weeks 8-12:  Range of Motion exercises

During this period the focus will be on working toward a full range of motion in all directions. The strengthening exercise program will continue to progress, but heavy lifting should be avoided. Focus on rebuilding muscle endurance, with light resistance and higher repetitions. This gives bone and ligaments adequate loading to promote remodelling but should avoid over-stressing and causing delayed healing in these structures.

At this stage some of the exercises could include:

• Active ROM exercises e.g. Theraband rows, dowel passovers, Theraband rotator cuff, gradual return to full ROM in all directions of movement with good movement proficiency. Some videos below from the reformer repertoire can be useful.
• Isometric holds throughout ROM to build endurance.
• Shoulder stabilisation, e.g. incline or 4 point kneel shoulder taps, add Makarlu Lotus or ball to challenge.
• Some focused exercises from the pilates reformer repertoire, making sure that there is good movement practice applied.

Weeks 12-16: Strengthening exercises

By this stage a physiotherapist is likely to consider that a person will be ready to progress to increased strengthening work. As always, if there is a significant increase in pain, a sense of instability, or painful catches in a joint during movement, then stop and seek advice.

An example of exercises that could be introduced include:

• Loaded overhead movements e.g. shoulder press. Start with the bottom loaded supine push through bar work and then progress to an overhead press, see images below.
• Begin sports specific skill drills and exercises, e.g. passing, catching, throwing.

Return to specific sports training and competition only when you are cleared for activity and your functional testing shows that your injured side is as strong and mobile as the uninjured side. This is particularly important for high impact sports like football (Rugby, Gridiron, Australian Rules). If your client is not an athlete, and let’s face it the majority of collarbone injuries are in non-athletes, getting your body strong is an important priority for physical safety and confidence.

Some specific exercises during this period include:

• Progress ROM exercises, adding some resistance with Theraband, increased strength.
• Dynamic stability work, e.g. shoulder taps in plank, walk outs using CoreAlign or using the wunda chair as in the video below.
• Strength for scapula and rotator cuff, e.g. PTB press ups, see video below. Also if in a gym setting add in  dumbbell shoulder press, reverse fly, overhead squats.
• Sport specific drills if applicable e.g. throwing/catching/passing or low impact contact drills, gradually increasing intensity over the next 8 weeks.

Caddie PTB press ups. Modify the load through the resistance of the spring, slowly progressing load. Once the person has achieved an overhead load clearance start to add in exercises like bottom loaded roll up.

In this series Max is working through plank and other shoulder girdle movements by using the Makarlu hardwood base as a slider to facilitate more dynamic movement.

Remember also that pilates is a life long mind body practice. A good pilates teacher provides individualised focus and adaptation, developing trust with their clients over long periods of time. During times of injuries it is understandable that the client wants to continue their practice and it is important to work in conjunction with the person’s manual therapist to ensure client safety and focus in performing specific exercises for recovery.

This article was written by Carla Mullins (Pilates teacher with Body Organics) and Lachlan Loose (physiotherapist with Body Organics).

Carla Mullins is Director of Education at Body Organics with many years experienced in Pilates, Gyrotonic, CoreAlign and other movement modalities. She is currently undertaking a Bachelor of Occupational Therapy at University of Queensland. Carla covers topics such as the collarbone, its movement and injury recovery in courses in Australia and the USA, such as Anatomy Dimensions Upper Limbs.

References

Hunter JB. Fractures around the shoulder and humerus. In Children’s Orthopaedics and Fractures,3^rd Ed. Benson M, Fixsen J, Macnicol M, Parsch K (Eds). Springer, London 2010. p.717-30.

Lenza M, Belloti JC, Andriolo RB, Gomes Dos Santos JB, Faloppa F. Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; CD007121.

Klein SM, Badman BL, Keating CJ, Devinney DS, Frankle MA, Mighell MA. Results of surgical treatment for unstable distal clavicular fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010; 19: 1049-55.

Simon RR, Sherman SC, Koenigsknecht SJ. Clavicle fractures. In Emergency Orthopaedics – The Extremities. 5^th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Chicago 2007. p.285-7.

Young SJ, Barnett PL, Oakley EA. Fractures and minor head injuries: Minor injuries in children II. Med J Aust 2005; 182: 644-8.

© 2018 Body Organics Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Body Organics®, Makarlu®, Inspired by Nature. Designed for Movement.™, Anatomy Dimensions™ and HedgeHog™ are trade marks of Body Organics Pty Ltd. Makarlu Patent Pending.

Clavicle fracture – treatment, symptoms, causes, diagnosis

Clavicle fracture is a fairly common injury, especially in adolescents and young adults. The clavicle connects the upper part of the sternum to the scapula. The most common causes of collarbone fractures are falls, sports injuries and road traffic injuries. Newborns sometimes have a fracture of the collarbone during the birth process. If you suspect a clavicle fracture, you should definitely see a doctor.In most cases, a clavicle fracture is treated conservatively with a bandage and physical therapy. Complex fractures of the clavicle require surgical treatment with fixation with plates, screws or rods, which allows the bone tissue to consolidate.

Symptoms

Clavicle fracture symptoms include:

• pain that increases with shoulder movement
• edema
• soreness
• contusion
• the presence of bulging in the shoulder area
• grinding or crackling when trying to move the shoulder
• stiffness or inability to move the shoulder

Therefore, if there are signs or symptoms of a collarbone fracture or there is pain in the shoulder that does not allow the shoulder to move normally, then it is imperative to see a doctor.Failure to diagnose and treat a clavicle fracture can lead to slow healing of the fracture.

Reasons

The most common causes of a clavicle fracture include:

• Falls. Falling onto your shoulder or outstretched arm can break your collarbone.
• Sports injuries. A direct blow to the shoulder while playing on the field (football, hockey, etc.) or in single combats in the ring can cause a fracture of the collarbone.
• Car injuries.A fractured collarbone can result from an accident while driving a car, motorcycle or bicycle.
• Birth trauma. In newborns, a fracture of the collarbone can occur during the birth process.
• Young age is a risk factor since the bone tissue of the clavicle finally completes its formation by the age of 20. Therefore, adolescents and young adults have a higher risk of collarbone fracture. The risk of fracture also increases in old age as the strength of bone tissue decreases due to the development of osteoporosis.

Complications

In most cases, a clavicle fracture heals without consequences. But sometimes the following complications are possible:

• Damage to nerves or blood vessels. The pointed ends of a broken collarbone can damage nearby nerves and blood vessels and, in such cases, it can manifest as numbness or coldness in the arm.
• Poor or slow healing. With a severe fracture of the clavicle, the consolidation of bone fragments may be delayed or incomplete.Poor alignment of the bone fragments can shorten the clavicle, resulting in disruption of normal range of motion in the shoulder.
• Bone growths can be an integral part of the regeneration process of bone tissue (callus) and are visually identified, since the collarbone is located shallow under the skin. But callus usually disappears after a while. But sometimes bone growths persist for a long time.
• Bone infections. In cases where fragments of the clavicle violate the integrity of the skin, there is a possibility of infection penetrating into the bone tissue.Therefore, timely adequate treatment for such fractures is of great importance.
• Arthrosis. If a fracture of the clavicle occurs in the area of ​​the joint at the point of articulation with the sternum or scapula, then there is a certain risk of developing arthrosis of these joints.

Diagnostics

During a physical examination, the doctor examines the damaged area for pain, swelling, deformity, or an open wound. X-rays are usually sufficient to diagnose a clavicle fracture.In some cases, an additional examination (CT or MRI) may be ordered to diagnose possible soft tissue damage in the event of a clavicle fracture.

Treatment

Immobilization is a prerequisite for any bone fracture (including the clavicle). In case of a clavicle fracture, immobilization can be performed using a scarf bandage or using Delbe’s rings, which allow to preserve the length of the clavicle to a greater extent after consolidation of the bone fragments.

The duration of immobilization depends on the severity of the fracture. It usually takes 3 to 6 weeks for clavicle bone to regenerate in children and 6 to 12 weeks in adults. If a collarbone fracture occurs in a newborn during childbirth, then the treatment will consist only in careful care.

Drug treatment consists in the appointment of anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain.

Rehabilitation. It is necessary to start movements in the shoulder some time after immobilization (in a small volume), which will avoid impaired mobility in the shoulder or the development of frozen shoulder syndrome.After removing the bandage, it is necessary to conduct a course of exercise therapy, which will restore muscle strength and joint mobility.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment for a fracture of the clavicle is necessary in cases where fragments of the clavicle violate the integrity of the skin with a strong displacement of fragments or the presence of a comminuted fracture. The operation of osteosynthesis is performed when the fragments are connected with screws of the plates of the bolts. Complications in the surgical treatment of clavicle fractures are quite rare.

90,000 Treatment after fracture of the clavicle

Clavicle fracture is an injury most commonly seen in children and young adults. Fracture is usually caused by a direct blow to the clavicle, its strong squeezing or falling on its side on an outstretched arm, and the first place among the causes of fracture is taken by sports injuries and road accidents.

Clavicle fractures can be divided into groups depending on the location and the presence of fragments and displacement; further treatment depends on these factors.Complex fractures with splinters and displacements require surgery, while relatively simple closed fractures can be treated conservatively with fixation followed by physiotherapy. It is important to understand that the decision on the type of treatment and the choice of a fixation bandage is made only by a doctor after a thorough examination and X-ray.

For the treatment of most clavicle fractures, complete or partial immobilization of (immobilization) of the damaged area is sufficient. In children, the elderly, as well as in the case of a simple fracture, softer options are used instead of plaster: a bandage, orthosis or a fixing bandage.Their task is to reliably limit the mobility of the shoulder girdle and ensure the correct position of the hand during the recovery period, without injuring the skin and soft tissues. A properly fitted and applied bandage helps to relieve pain – the muscles in the shoulder relax, and the fragments of bone do not move or press anywhere.

Clavicle fracture in older people is less common than in younger people, but it has more serious consequences. Due to the peculiarities of regeneration after 50 years, doctors usually refuse traditional plaster, as such a rigid fixation can cause arthrosis, as well as irritate the surrounding tissues.

Fracture of the clavicle in children is sometimes called “fracture of the green twig” – that is, the fragments of the bone are held by the periosteum and therefore grow together much faster, and fixation with such a fracture may not be absolute. For young children, a bandage or reclinator is also indicated instead of plaster.

Bandages and bandages are supporting and fixing .

The support “gusset” or gusset bandage is usually used for first aid, as well as an addition to the classic cast.It relieves the muscles and ligaments of the shoulder apparatus, relieves stress from the shoulder joint and scapula, keeps the hand in the optimal position for recovery. However, the fixation when using such a bandage is not complete, therefore, for better healing during the rehabilitation period, other types of bandages are usually used – fixing.

For small and simple fractures, the Dezo dressing is most often used. Its prototype back in the 18th century was invented by the French physician Pierre Desot, and the principle of operation has hardly changed over the past centuries.The Dezo bandage firmly fixes the shoulder and forearm to the body and is used not only during fracture treatment, but also during the rehabilitation and postoperative period.

In the case of a more complex fracture, an eight-band dressing or of Delbe’s rings is used. Delbe’s rings (orthopedic reclinators) are 2 belts crossed between the shoulder blades and threaded through one or more rings. This design allows you to adjust the size and tension of the belts.The reclinator fixes the shoulders in a dilated state, opens the shoulder blades, ensuring the correct position of the clavicle. The hand in this type of bandage is not fixed. Delbe’s rings can be worn under clothes, they are usually made of breathable material, and thanks to the soft linings, they are comfortable to wear around the clock.

Modern versions of the Deso bandage and Delbe rings have several options for fixing and pulling forces and, in general, are a fairly simple design that does not require special knowledge and skill when putting on.However, it is very important that the first time the bandage is worn by the doctor (who will also determine the time of wearing the bandage).

If treatment started on time, and the patient follows all the doctor’s recommendations, the healing time after a clavicle fracture usually does not exceed 10 weeks for adults and 3 weeks for children. With a simple fracture, already on day 2, you can begin to gradually develop the hand, returning activity and blood circulation to the injured hand: bend and unbend the fingers, make light circular movements with the fingers and a hand – no more than 2 minutes a day.In this case, you can not strain the damaged area of ​​the shoulder girdle and engage in pain.

After the initial stage of rehabilitation, according to the doctor’s indications, the patient can be assigned physiotherapy . Usually, these are procedures for magnetic, ultrasound and high-frequency therapy. It is also important to support your body with proper nutrition: there is more calcium (it is found in dairy products), vitamin D and C (fresh herbs, legumes, berries). In rehabilitation, you need to do everything gradually, listening to yourself, your feelings and, of course, to your treating specialist.

first aid, therapy, rehabilitation and consequences

Clavicle fracture is a phenomenon common in all age groups of people. In newborns, such an injury is caused by rapid labor activity or improper actions of obstetricians. In adolescents and adults, it can be caused by a fall on the shoulder or a hard blow to the collarbone.

If it so happens that the patient has a fracture of the clavicle, then he urgently needs to provide first aid and refer to a traumatologist.The main method of treatment is to restore the integrity of the bone fragments. The patient can undergo plaster immobilization in case of a fracture of the clavicle or apply a tight bandage. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the fracture, so it is important to classify it correctly.

How to identify a clavicle fracture?

Clinical manifestations of a clavicle fracture can be determined visually if a deviation from the natural state of the bone is noticeable. The main symptom that worries the patient is pain in the shoulder area.Any movement causes severe pain in a person. In addition, there is severe swelling or swelling in the patient’s forearm, which clearly indicates a problem.

If such signs appear, then you urgently need to contact a traumatologist, he will be able to accurately diagnose and carry out all the necessary immobilization measures in case of collarbone fracture or bruising.

Classification

Depending on the area in which the fracture occurred, the clavicle fracture is divided into several types:

• injury to the inner third of the bone or the sternum end;
• trauma to the middle third or diaphyseal fracture;
• fracture of the acromial end or injury to the outer third.

The second type is considered the most typical.

By the nature of the fracture, there are the following types of clavicle fracture:

• transverse, when the bone breaks across, dividing into two blunt limbs;
• longitudinal, when the fracture goes along the bone;
• oblique – the fracture is at an angle, and as a result, the bone is divided into two parts with sharp ends;
• spiral fracture;
• comminuted when the bone is crushed into several pieces.

Also, fractures are closed when the skin is not damaged. Or open – with violations of the integrity of the skin.

There are many types of clavicle fractures, but 80 percent of patients have a diaphyseal type, which is localized in the middle third of the tubular bone. What kind of immobilization is performed for a clavicle fracture?

First aid for clavicle fracture

Clavicle fracture is a serious problem that cannot be dealt with at home.But competently provided first aid will reduce the likelihood of complications and reduce the recovery period.

If the first signs of a fracture of the clavicle appear, then it is better to keep the hand pressed to the body. If the patient feels pain in this position, then it is better to leave it in a position in which the discomfort is minimal.

The patient should be given an anesthetic. It can be a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as Analgin, Ketanov, Ibufen and others.

Also, in case of a clavicle fracture, immobilization is performed, which is the key to a speedy recovery.

Primary immobilization is called temporary and is done to reduce pain and avoid serious complications. There are many ways, but it is important to know: the longer the bandage is on the patient, the weaker its supporting function becomes. That is why, during prolonged transportation, the bandage should be rewound from time to time in order to improve the degree of fixation.

Simple and effective dressings

There are several methods of immobilization in case of clavicle fracture:

1. Delbe’s rings. You can make such a retainer using available tools, such as a towel or shirt. Two rings must be formed around the forearms. They should fit snugly against the skin, but not squeeze. In the back area, a bandage is passed through the rings, which will help to properly pull off the bandage until the patient himself says that the pain syndrome has decreased to a minimum.This method will help to separate the debris and relieve pain. But this method also has its drawback – it does not allow raising the forearms.
2. Figure eight band. This method, like the first, helps to spread the shoulder girdle, but it also requires an additional support bandage. You need to start knitting it with the imposition of three rounds for fixation, which are located at the level of the chest. As the gauze passes through the back, soft pillows are placed in the armpits at the level of the shoulder blades. After they are fixed, you can proceed to the bandage itself.When the bandage goes to the front of the body, it should not cross the chest, but go into the armpit, again heading to the back. As a result, it turns out that a vest was put on the patient. The bandage should be tightly so as to spread the shoulders as best as possible so that the patient is comfortable.
3. Scallop band. This method is the simplest and most accessible, but only it will not allow immobilization in case of a clavicle fracture in an extended form and will not allow reliable fixation. This type of bandage helps to raise the arm and prevent it from sagging.In this case, the muscles in the area of ​​the clavicle do not stretch and do not provoke the divergence of bone fragments.
4. Dezo bandage. It can be done with a simple or elastic bandage. In the chest area, it is necessary to fix a couple of pillows, wrapping them with a bandage, and then from the armpit of the healthy hand, the bandage goes to the patient’s shoulder and spreads over him, and then goes down the back to the elbow, bends around it and follows to the armpit of the healthy hand. Goes to the back along the oblique and again bypasses the sore forearm, but only back and forth.Then the bandage goes again to the elbow, but already from the front side of the body, again goes under the elbow and to the armpit of the healthy arm. At the end, you need to make another turn around the body and the pressed shoulder and return to the starting one. If you repeat this sequence again, then you can even better immobilize the upper limbs with a fracture of the clavicle. You can buy such a bandage ready-made.
5. Velpo headband. You need to arm yourself with a bandage, put your sore hand on the shoulder of your healthy one at an angle of 45 degrees.You should start applying a bandage from the middle of the shoulder of the sore arm. On the front side of the body, the bandage passes to the opposite side and goes over the back. So do a couple of turns, then from the back, throw the bandage on the front side over the shoulder of the sore arm, throw it over the elbow, then onto the side of the healthy one. Following it, it passes along the back and again on the forearm of the injured limb. Thus, it is possible to more reliably fix the loop on the shoulder and prevent it from moving. Perform two or three such cycles, and effective immobilization in case of clavicle fracture is performed.

All these fixation methods will not only relieve pain, but also prevent the fracture from displacing and damaging nearby tissues.

Treatment of a clavicle fracture

The choice of treatment for a clavicle fracture depends on the age of the patient, but in no case should the therapy be carried out at home. In newborns and children under three years of age, clavicle injury can be treated quickly and easily with minimal intervention from the traumatologist.

In those children who are over three years old, the bones will grow together for at least six months.That is why it is recommended to apply a plaster cast, but first, the victim is injected with painkillers.

A much more complicated case is possible, when you cannot do without an operation. Its essence lies in the imposition of a special metal structure, which will allow for reliable transport immobilization in case of a displaced clavicle fracture. With its help, you can completely eliminate the displacement of fragments.

Osteosynthesis is performed with screws or plates. The doctor decides what to use in a particular case, based on the nature of the fracture, because it can be closed or open.

In some cases, immobilization with a Cramer splint is performed in case of a clavicle fracture. It is an aluminum ladder that bends perfectly, therefore it perfectly follows the contours of the body and helps to more reliably fix the fracture not only of the forearm, but also of other bones of the body.

How to treat a displaced fracture?

What to do if the collarbone is broken with displacement? The first step is to properly immobilize. With a displaced clavicle fracture, the arm is completely immobilized and the main symptoms are determined.

After confirming the diagnosis, the traumatologist applies a bandage, which is securely fixed with a plaster cast. But this can be done only when the doctor puts all the pieces in place, carrying out the right by pulling the shoulder back. But only an experienced doctor should carry out this procedure, self-medication in this case can only be harmful. Only then is a bandage applied.

If the bone is broken in several places and there are a lot of pieces, then in this case transport immobilization in case of a collarbone fracture provides for the imposition of a special splint, so that as a result all bones will heal correctly.It is necessary to carry out this procedure if the usual tight bandage did not help and the vessels and nerve endings were damaged. Correct therapy involves recovery for seven weeks, after which all symptoms will go away.

Rehabilitation period

Rehabilitation after a fracture of the clavicle is simply necessary, because due to prolonged immobilization of the arm with a fracture of the clavicle, the muscles partially atrophy. Exercises begin to be done immediately after it becomes possible.The load and type of training are selected by the doctor individually for each patient. Most often, the rehabilitation course lasts from three to seven weeks.

The rehabilitation period is divided into three stages:

• during the period of immobilization with fractures of the clavicle, it is allowed to perform passive gymnastics;
• after the callus has grown and the fixation bandage is removed, gymnastic sticks are used, due to which the range of exercises expands;
• power loads are added.

In order to recover faster and restore hand mobility, they continue to carry out physiotherapy procedures, including water therapy and massage. Thanks to an integrated approach, rehabilitation offers a good chance of full recovery. Thanks to magnetotherapy, ultrasound and UHF, blood enters the affected area faster, and sufficient blood circulation contributes to the early recovery of damaged tissues. Massage improves metabolic processes, improves mobility in the injured limb.

Exercises for developing the clavicle after a fracture

The set of exercises after conservative therapy and surgery is different, but in both cases the load increases gradually.

A set of exercises after surgery:

• breathing and toning gymnastics;
• Light swinging of the shoulder joint, the hand at this time in a bandage-scarf;
• alternately strain, and then relax the muscles of the shoulder girdle and shoulder;
• active movements of the elbow joint and wrist, fingers and hand of the injured hand;

• rotation with the forearm;
• shrugs;
• strengthening complex for all muscles of the body;
• tonic walking and running;
• strength and speed exercises for hands;
• gymnastics to restore coordination;
• active sports.

The first exercises are best done with an assistant and only a few minutes, and then the time is constantly increased. They move from smooth and measured movements to more intense ones. It takes a lot of effort and patience to develop a collarbone after a fracture.

Therapeutic physical training for a collarbone injury

A special treatment complex helps not only to strengthen weak muscles, but also improves joint mobility, increases blood flow in the injured hand.Only a constant active blood flow to the sore spot helps to recover faster. An important rule of exercise therapy is to accurately observe the sequence of loads and perform exercises regularly.

In fact, exercises begin to be performed on the first day after transport immobilization in case of fracture of both clavicles or only one. Exercise therapy does an excellent job with frozen shoulder syndrome. As mentioned above, exercises get progressively harder. Initially, the muscles of the hand are being developed:

• you need to clench and unclench your fist, alternately clamp your thumb in your hands or leave it outside;
• alternately connect the pads of the fingers with the thumb;
• to knock down a speck with each of your fingers;
• twist with each of the fingers, and then with the whole brush clockwise;
• raise and lower the brush;
• Wave the brush to the sides.

Then you need to start developing the elbow and shoulder.

After removing the bandage, you can perform the following complex:

• put the hands on the shoulders and raise each of the elbows alternately;
• to rotate the elbows clockwise and counterclockwise;
• Raise and lower the upper limbs;
• raising your hands, take them back;
• Do the scissors exercise with arms straight.

The clavicle is a support for the hand, the most powerful apparatus for the ligament is fixed on it.That is why her fracture can damage her arms. Only competent treatment will help to avoid complications and irreversible consequences.

Consequences of a fracture of the clavicle

If you do not seek qualified help in a timely manner and do not carry out transport immobilization in case of a fracture of the clavicle, then in the end the patient may experience the following consequences:

• bleeding from a wound if the fracture is open;
• Damage to soft tissues and nerve endings by bone fragments;
• lesion of the nerve plexus;
• decrease or complete loss of sensation in the hand;
• paralysis of the upper limbs;
• formation of false joints;
• violation of posture;
• development of arthrosis;

• wound suppuration after surgery;
• wound infection with an open fracture;
• shortening of the arm.