ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter: Ultimate Guide for Fiber Optic Connectivity

What are the key features of the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter. How does this adapter enable seamless fiber optic connections. What applications benefit most from using this hybrid adapter. What are the technical specifications and performance capabilities of this fiber optic component.

Understanding the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter

The ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter is a crucial component in fiber optic networking, designed to bridge the gap between different connector types. This adapter allows for the seamless connection of ST male connectors to SC female ports, enabling greater flexibility in fiber optic system design and implementation.

Key Features of the Hybrid Adapter

• Connects ST male to SC female fiber connectors
• Supports multimode 62.5/125 fiber
• All-metal construction for durability
• Interchangeable design for versatility
• Precision-engineered for low insertion loss

The adapter’s robust metal construction ensures longevity and reliable performance in various environments. Its interchangeable nature makes it an invaluable tool for network technicians and engineers working with diverse fiber optic equipment.

Applications and Use Cases for the ST-SC Hybrid Adapter

This hybrid adapter finds applications in numerous scenarios where different connector types need to be integrated. Some common use cases include:

1. Data center interconnects
2. Telecommunications networks
3. Enterprise network expansions
4. Test and measurement setups
5. Fiber to the home (FTTH) installations

Network administrators often encounter situations where legacy ST connectors need to interface with newer SC-compatible equipment. This adapter provides a cost-effective solution without requiring a complete system overhaul.

Technical Specifications and Performance

Understanding the technical aspects of the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter is crucial for ensuring optimal performance in fiber optic networks. Here are the key specifications:

• Fiber Type: Multimode 62.5/125 micron
• Connector Types: ST Male to SC Female
• Insertion Loss: Typically < 0.3 dB
• Return Loss: > 20 dB
• Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C

These specifications highlight the adapter’s ability to maintain signal integrity across different connector types while minimizing losses. The wide operating temperature range ensures reliability in various environmental conditions.

Installation and Best Practices

Proper installation of the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter is critical for optimal performance. Here are some best practices to follow:

1. Ensure all fiber end faces are clean before connection
2. Use appropriate cleaning tools and solutions
3. Align connectors carefully to avoid damage
4. Avoid over-tightening, which can damage the ferrules
5. Implement proper cable management to prevent strain

By adhering to these guidelines, network technicians can maximize the adapter’s performance and longevity, ensuring reliable fiber optic connections.

Comparing ST-SC Hybrid Adapters to Other Solutions

When evaluating fiber optic connectivity solutions, it’s important to consider alternatives to the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter. How does this adapter compare to other options?

• Hybrid Adapters vs. Full Cable Replacement:
  • Hybrid adapters offer a more cost-effective solution
  • Quicker implementation time
  • Allows for gradual network upgrades
• ST-SC vs. Other Hybrid Combinations:
  • ST-SC is common due to the prevalence of these connector types
  • Other combinations (e.g., ST-LC, SC-FC) may be needed for specific setups
• Multimode vs. Single-mode Adapters:
  • This 62.5/125 adapter is for multimode applications
  • Single-mode adapters are available for long-distance, high-bandwidth needs

The choice between these options depends on factors such as existing infrastructure, budget constraints, and long-term network plans.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

To ensure the longevity and optimal performance of ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapters, regular maintenance is essential. What are the key maintenance tasks and troubleshooting steps?

Maintenance Tasks:

• Regular inspection for physical damage
• Cleaning of adapter interfaces
• Checking for proper alignment and secure connections
• Verifying signal integrity through testing

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check for loose connections
2. Inspect for contamination or damage
3. Test with known good cables and equipment
4. Use an optical power meter to measure signal loss
5. Replace the adapter if issues persist

By implementing these maintenance practices and following a systematic troubleshooting approach, network administrators can minimize downtime and ensure reliable fiber optic connections.

Future Trends in Fiber Optic Connectivity

As fiber optic technology continues to evolve, what trends are shaping the future of connectors and adapters like the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter?

• Increased Adoption of Small Form-Factor Connectors:
  • Growing popularity of LC and MTP/MPO connectors
  • Potential decline in ST connector usage
• Higher Density Solutions:
  • Development of multi-fiber connectors
  • Adapters designed for high-density patch panels
• Improved Performance Specifications:
  • Lower insertion loss tolerances
  • Enhanced durability for harsh environments
• Integration with Emerging Technologies:
  • Adapters for specialty fibers (e.g., plastic optical fiber)
  • Solutions for 5G and IoT infrastructure

While hybrid adapters like the ST-SC will continue to play a crucial role in maintaining compatibility with legacy systems, the industry is moving towards more compact and efficient connectivity solutions.

Selecting the Right Fiber Optic Adapter for Your Needs

Choosing the appropriate fiber optic adapter is crucial for ensuring optimal network performance. What factors should be considered when selecting an adapter like the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid?

Key Considerations:

• Compatibility with existing equipment
• Fiber type (multimode vs. single-mode)
• Required performance specifications
• Environmental conditions
• Budget constraints
• Future scalability needs

By carefully evaluating these factors, network planners can make informed decisions that balance current requirements with future expansion possibilities.

Decision-Making Process:

1. Audit current network infrastructure
2. Identify connectivity gaps and requirements
3. Research available adapter options
4. Consult with vendors or fiber optic specialists
5. Conduct small-scale tests if possible
6. Make a selection based on performance, compatibility, and cost-effectiveness

This structured approach ensures that the chosen adapter, whether it’s the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid or another variant, will meet both immediate and long-term network needs.

Case Studies: Successful Implementations of ST-SC Hybrid Adapters

Examining real-world applications of ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapters provides valuable insights into their practical benefits. Let’s explore some case studies that highlight successful implementations:

Case Study 1: University Campus Network Upgrade

A large university needed to integrate new SC-based equipment with its existing ST-connected infrastructure. By using ST-SC hybrid adapters, the IT team was able to:

• Preserve existing fiber runs
• Gradually phase in new equipment
• Reduce upgrade costs by 40%
• Complete the project with minimal downtime

Case Study 2: Industrial Control System Integration

A manufacturing plant required connectivity between legacy ST-based sensors and a new SC-compatible control system. The implementation of hybrid adapters resulted in:

• Seamless integration of old and new systems
• Avoidance of costly sensor replacements
• Improved data transmission reliability
• Minimal disruption to production processes

Case Study 3: Telecommunications Network Expansion

A regional telecom provider used ST-SC hybrid adapters to expand their network into rural areas. This strategy allowed them to:

• Utilize surplus ST-connected equipment
• Rapidly deploy services to new areas
• Maintain compatibility with modern SC systems
• Achieve a 25% reduction in deployment costs

These case studies demonstrate the versatility and cost-effectiveness of ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapters in various scenarios, from academic environments to industrial applications and telecommunications infrastructure.

Regulatory Compliance and Industry Standards

Understanding the regulatory landscape and industry standards is crucial when working with fiber optic components like the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter. What are the key compliance requirements and standards that apply to these adapters?

Regulatory Compliance:

• RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliance
• REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) adherence
• FCC (Federal Communications Commission) standards for telecommunications equipment

Industry Standards:

• TIA/EIA-568 (Telecommunications Industry Association standards)
• ISO/IEC 11801 (International cabling standard)
• Telcordia GR-326-CORE (fiber optic connector performance standards)

Adherence to these regulations and standards ensures that ST-SC hybrid adapters meet global requirements for safety, performance, and environmental responsibility.

Certification and Testing:

To maintain compliance, manufacturers subject their adapters to rigorous testing procedures, including:

• Insertion loss testing
• Return loss measurements
• Durability and environmental stress tests
• Compatibility verification with standard connectors

By choosing adapters that meet these stringent requirements, network administrators can ensure the reliability and longevity of their fiber optic installations.

Environmental Considerations and Sustainability

As sustainability becomes increasingly important in technology deployments, how do ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapters contribute to environmentally responsible networking?

Sustainability Aspects:

• Extended equipment lifespan:
  • Allows continued use of legacy hardware
  • Reduces electronic waste
• Material efficiency:
  • Compact design minimizes resource use
  • Durable construction reduces replacement frequency
• Energy efficiency:
  • Low-loss design supports efficient signal transmission
  • Contributes to overall network energy savings

Lifecycle Considerations:

When evaluating the environmental impact of ST-SC hybrid adapters, it’s important to consider their entire lifecycle:

1. Manufacturing: Use of recyclable materials and energy-efficient processes
2. Transportation: Compact size reduces shipping impact
3. Usage: Long lifespan and low power requirements
4. End-of-life: Potential for recycling metal components

By choosing high-quality, durable adapters like the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid, organizations can contribute to more sustainable networking practices while maintaining high performance standards.

Training and Skill Development for Fiber Optic Professionals

As fiber optic technology evolves, what skills and knowledge are essential for professionals working with components like the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter?

Core Competencies:

• Understanding of fiber optic principles
• Familiarity with various connector types and standards
• Proficiency in fiber cleaning and inspection techniques
• Knowledge of testing and troubleshooting procedures
• Awareness of safety protocols when working with optical systems

Training Opportunities:

To develop and maintain these skills, fiber optic professionals can pursue various training options:

1. Vendor-specific certification programs
2. Industry association courses (e.g., Fiber Optic Association)
3. Online learning platforms offering fiber optic courses
4. Hands-on workshops and seminars
5. Continuing education through webinars and industry conferences

Investing in ongoing education ensures that technicians and engineers can effectively utilize adapters like the ST-SC hybrid while staying current with industry best practices and emerging technologies.

Practical Experience:

Beyond formal training, practical experience is invaluable. Professionals should seek opportunities to:

• Work on diverse fiber optic installation projects
• Gain experience with various types of connectors and adapters
• Practice troubleshooting complex network issues
• Collaborate with experienced mentors in the field

By combining theoretical knowledge with hands-on experience, fiber optic professionals can become adept at leveraging components like the ST Male to SC Female 62.5/125 Hybrid Adapter to create robust and efficient network solutions.

ADD-ST-LC-7MS9SMF | Industry Standard | Patch Cables

ADD-ST-LC-7MS9SMF | Industry Standard | Patch Cables – AddOn Networks

Specifications

This is a 7m LC (male) to ST (male) yellow simplex riser-rated fiber patch cable. OS2 is a standard single-mode optical fiber commonly used with wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm (9/125 microns), and has a maximum attenuation of 1dB/km. The OS2 standard is defined in ISO/IEC 11801. This optical fiber, nonconductive, riser (OFNR) cable is best suited for use in interior fiber-optic applications. A simplex cable is a single strand of fiber that works best with bi-directional transceivers as well as other single-transmitting devices. Our patch cables are 100% compliant for all of your networking needs. Our products are guaranteed by federal law to not affect or void OEM warranties.

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ST to SC Adapter, Multimode 62.5/125 Male to Female

Product Description

This ST male to SC female Multimode 62.5/125 Fiber Optic Hybrid Adapter, is a mating sleeve that is designed for connecting together a SC male connector into a ST Female port.

Product Features

• Male to Female fiber connector types


















• All metal construction for long life


















• Interchangeable for a wide range of products


















• Used for Multimode connectors

Product Specifications

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St. Xavier baseball wins 26th District championship over Male

Phillip Steinmetz
 |  Special to The Courier Journal

When St. Xavier originally lost to Male, 7-3, back on April 19, the team took it to heart. The loss came at home and was the middle of a stretch where the Tigers lost five of seven games.

A lot has changed since then as the Tigers got out to an early lead and defeated the Bulldogs, 5-3, on Saturday night to capture the 26th District championship crown.

Both teams will advance to play in the Seventh Region Tournament at Derby City Field starting next weekend. 

“They’re in our district so we have to play them every year,” St. X senior Cole Allgeier said. “It’s always huge beating Male because we always have hard games every year. It’s a big help getting a win before we go in the regional tournament as well.”

Top players: Here are 15 high school baseball players from Louisville area to watch this postseason

St. X took advantage of a slow start by Male pitcher Nic Schutte to start the game. Schutte threw a strikeout against the first batter but then walked two straight and hit a batter to load the bases. Allgeier then took advantage of the situation with an RBI single to right-center field to score two runs.

The Tigers scored a third run in the second inning after Male loaded the bases and senior Parker Guillaume used a sacrifice fly ball to score the runner. 

“That two RBI was huge,” Allgeier said. “Just trying to get it out there, give my team and myself a chance to score.”

Throughout the game, St. X senior pitcher Sam Thompson didn’t throw a lot of strikeouts but he rarely allowed a hit and his defense continued to make plays for him. In 6⅔ innings, he gave up three hits with five walks and six strikeouts.

Schutte, a Western Kentucky commit, struggled for parts of the evening. He only gave up four hits and had seven strikeouts, but he had six walks and three hit by pitches.

“They gave us some walks and hit by pitches but when we had that lead, I think we still only had maybe one or two hits, so it wasn’t a ton of knocking the ball around,” St. X coach Andy Porta said. “It was some small ball and taking what they gave us. We took advantage of what they gave us out there.”

Softball players: Here are 15 high school softball players from Louisville area to watch this postseason

Heading into the bottom of the seventh, Male still trailed 5-0 and had yet to have much opportunity to put runs on the board. St. X almost completed the shutout until junior John Paul Jardina missed on a jumping catch in the outfield to score one run which then forced the Tigers to switch pitchers to freshman Jake Gregor.

With two outs and another runner on base, Gregor then gave up a two-run home run to junior catcher Andrew Daniel to make it a 5-3 game. But Gregor followed up the big hit with a strikeout to secure the victory.

Both teams will now have a full week to prepare for the Seventh Region tournament since the draw isn’t until Friday. There are multiple scenarios the Tigers could be given but they’re just excited the postseason has begun.

“We’ve had that philosophy that those first 35 games are all scrimmage games for us,” Porta said. “This is where it really starts to matter.”

More: Check out the rankings and pairings as KHSAA district softball tournaments get under way

ST. XAVIER (26-10)    2 1 0 0 0 1 1  —  5 7 1

MALE (21-10)   0 0 0 0 0 0 3  —  3 4 1

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SAINT-MALĒ
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College of St. Elizabeth celebrates first class of male undergraduates

When the first class of male undergraduates arrived at the College of St. Elizabeth four years ago, president Helen J. Streubert “hugged them all coming in.” She had planned to do the same as they received their diplomas.

Instead, Streubert tried to share her admiration through a computer screen. St. Elizabeth will send off its first significant group of male traditional undergraduates on Friday morning virtually, due to the coronavirus pandemic.

About 44% of the inaugural male students who came to the Morristown college are graduating, and they will be celebrated with a special video montage.

“These guys came and formed a community,” Streubert said. “They have been the trailblazers in terms of making their presence felt on campus. … There will not be a dry eye when this graduation happens, because it’s so historic for us.”

About 215 undergraduate degrees will be conferred in a two-hour video, which will be posted on YouTube at 10 a.m. Friday.

Deans Anthony Santamaria and Trish Heindel will introduce the undergraduate, master’s and doctoral class as usual, with a photo of each graduate standing in for the real thing. Taylor Veve, a basketball and soccer player from Bayville, prerecorded the undergraduate student address. St. Elizabeth has also put together an extensive playlist of testimonials from faculty and staff.

St. Elizabeth hopes to hold a face-to-face graduation in August.

“It’s a gut punch to not be able to be there. That’s something I preached to them, how special this day was going to be,” said men’s basketball coach Tom Wagenblast, a Belmar resident who will send off four four-year players.

“It’s been a lot of fun to see them grow up, to see their evolution as players and human beings over the past four years,” he said. “We gave these kids a chance, and not only did they succeed, but they excelled. They really grew up. It wasn’t always easy. … It’s been a special four years. I’m so happy I got to experience it with these guys.”

Continuing mission

Founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1899 to provide higher education to the female students at the high school on campus, the College of St. Elizabeth now offers the same opportunities to underserved students of both genders.

Class of 2020: Morris colleges holding virtual commencements for homebound graduates

Coronavirus: Celebrations for first-generation Dover High School graduates on hold

Flashback! St. Elizabeth men’s soccer falls in historic debut

There were as many as 300 women’s colleges in 1960, according to the U.S. Department of Education. But facing sluggish enrollment and the need to remain financially solvent in a depressed economy, that number has dropped to about 40.

Though St. Elizabeth has admitted male students to its graduate and continuing-education programs since the 1970s, Streubert and her colleagues tried to ease “a fair amount of anxiety” of faculty members who had not had male students in their classrooms.

“The guys were much more public about gatherings, and the women joined the guys,” said Streubert, who became St. Elizabeth’s first lay president in 2014. “The women have pushed back. There has been a bloodline about the women coming here because they wanted a certain kind of education. The women are not less than. They are equal to. That has continued.”

Sports survivors

About 42% of the 167 freshmen who came to Florham Park four years ago were male. Of the 58 entering student-athletes, 37 of them were male, recruited to play on the new soccer, basketball, volleyball or tennis teams.

There are 12 male student-athletes in the graduating class, though not all of them spent four years at St. Elizabeth.

Bryce Wheary transferred there last fall, after spending his freshman year at Elms College in Chicopee, Massachusetts, and two more at the University of Valley Forge in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania.

Wheary will be the first Eagles baseball player to graduate.

The St. Elizabeth baseball team won its first game on Feb. 25, a 9-7 comeback from seven runs down against Rutgers-Newark. The Eagles then traveled to Myrtle Beach, and they were able to play 11 games in their debut season.

With no baseball field on campus, their final game — a 7-0 no-hit loss to Dean College at Diamond Nation in Flemington — was the first “home” baseball game in St. Elizabeth history.

“It was kind of surreal, knowing it’s going to end,” said Wheary, an infielder from Ocean who hopes to work in professional development for a Major League Baseball team.

“You figure you have a couple more months of playing. It was all kind of weird when we got to the field. We tried to absorb it all, one last time. It was not how we wanted to go out, but that game gave us closure, corny as that sounds. We got to take the field one last time together.”

Wheary majored in criminal justice. Senior guard Jay Saldiveri, who chose sociology, hopes to become a motivational speaker. He will be the first college graduate in his immediate family. 

Saldiveri attended four high schools — New Brunswick, South Amboy and Sayreville, graduating from South Brunswick after summer school in 2014 — but has yet to participate in a graduation ceremony. 

“It’s all about moving forward for me,” said Saldiveri, who now lives in Tampa, Florida.

“I wanted to show people anyone could do it, even me. By them looking at me, knowing everything I’ve been through, I always got up no matter what,” he said. “That’s why it is so powerful. … What we stood for as a program, from when we started in 2016 to now, it left its mark throughout all four years. We came in thinking we could chip in and help. We were all underdogs.”

Jane Havsy is a sports reporter for DailyRecord.com. For full access to live scores, breaking news and analysis, subscribe today.

Email: [email protected] Twitter: @dailyrecordspts 

St. Louis Zoo says python laid 7 eggs without male help

This photo provided by the Saint Louis Zoo shows,a 62-year-old ball python curled up around her eggs July 23, 2020. Experts at the St. Louis Zoo are trying to figure out how a 62-year-old ball python laid seven eggs despite not being near a male python for at least two decades. (Chawna Schuette/Saint Louis Zoo via AP)

This photo provided by the Saint Louis Zoo shows,a 62-year-old ball python curled up around her eggs July 23, 2020. Experts at the St. Louis Zoo are trying to figure out how a 62-year-old ball python laid seven eggs despite not being near a male python for at least two decades. (Chawna Schuette/Saint Louis Zoo via AP)

ST. LOUIS (AP) — Experts at the St. Louis Zoo are trying to figure out how a 62-year-old ball python laid seven eggs despite not being near a male python for at least two decades.

Mark Wanner, manager of herpetology at the zoo, said it unusual but not rare for ball pythons to reproduce asexually. The snakes also sometimes store sperm for delayed fertilization.

The birth also is unusual because ball pythons usually stop laying eggs long before they reach their 60s, Wanner said.

“She’d definitely be the oldest snake we know of in history,” to lay eggs, Wanner said, noting the she is the oldest snake ever documented in a zoo.

The python, which has not been given a name, laid the eggs July 23. Three of the eggs remain in an incubator, two were used for genetic sampling and snakes in the other two eggs did not survive, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported. The eggs that survive should hatch in about a month.

The genetic sampling will show whether the eggs were reproduced sexually or asexually, called facultative parthenogenesis.

The only other ball python in the zoo’s herpetarium is a male that’s about 31. The snakes aren’t on public view.

The private owner gave the female to the zoo in 1961. She laid a clutch of eggs in 2009 that didn’t survive. Another clutch was born in 1990 but those eggs might have been conceived with the male because at the time, the snakes were put in buckets together while keepers cleaned their cages.

90,000 Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Declarations – Declarations, Conventions, Agreements and Other Legal Materials

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Adopted by Resolution 217 A (III) of the UN General Assembly of December 10, 1948

Preamble

Whereas that recognition of the inherent dignity of all members of the human family and their equal and inalienable rights is the foundation of freedom, justice and universal peace; and

Considering that disregard and contempt for human rights have led to barbaric acts that outrage the conscience of humankind, and that the creation of a world in which people will have freedom of speech and belief and are free from fear and want is proclaimed as high aspiration of people; and

Considering that it is essential that human rights are protected by the rule of law in order to ensure that a person is not forced to resort to rebellion against tyranny and oppression as a last resort; and

Considering that it is necessary to promote the development of friendly relations between peoples; and

Considering that the peoples of the United Nations have reaffirmed in the Charter their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equality of men and women, and have resolved to promote social progress and better living conditions in larger freedom; and

Considering that Member States have pledged to promote, in cooperation with the United Nations, universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms; and

Bearing in mind that a general understanding of the nature of these rights and freedoms is essential to the full fulfillment of this obligation,

General Assembly ,

Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a task to which all peoples and states should strive, so that every person and every organ of society, constantly bearing in mind this Declaration, strives through education and training to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and ensuring, through national and international progressive measures, the universal and effective recognition and implementation of them both among the peoples of the Organization’s member states and among the peoples of the territories under their jurisdiction.

Article 1

All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2

Everyone should have all the rights and all freedoms proclaimed by this Declaration, without any distinction, such as with respect to race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national or social origin, property , estate or other status.

In addition, no distinction should be made on the basis of the political, legal or international status of the country or territory to which an individual belongs, whether that territory is independent, trust, non-self-governing or otherwise limited in its sovereignty.

Article 3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4

No one should be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade are prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5

No one should be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6

Every person, wherever he is, has the right to recognition of his legal personality.

Article 7

All people are equal before the law and have the right, without distinction, to the equal protection of the law. All persons have the right to equal protection from any kind of discrimination that violates this Declaration and from any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8

Everyone has the right to effective redress by the competent national courts in cases of violation of his fundamental rights granted to him by the constitution or law.

Article 9

No one may be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10

Every person, in order to determine his rights and obligations and to establish the validity of the criminal charge brought against him, has the right, on the basis of full equality, to have his case heard publicly and in compliance with all the requirements of justice by an independent and impartial court.

Article 11

1. Everyone accused of committing a crime has the right to be presumed innocent until his guilt is established legally through a public trial, in which he is provided with all the possibilities for defense.

2. No one may be convicted of a crime on the basis of the commission of any act or omission, which at the time of their commission did not constitute a crime under national or international law.Nor can a punishment be imposed that is more severe than that which could have been imposed at the time when the crime was committed.

Article 12

No one may be subjected to arbitrary interference with his personal and family life, arbitrary attacks on the inviolability of his home, the secrecy of his correspondence, or on his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to be protected by the law from such interference or such encroachments.

Article 13

1. Everyone has the right to move freely and choose his place of residence within the boundaries of each state.

2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and return to his country.

Article 14

1. Everyone has the right to seek asylum from persecution in other countries and to use this asylum.

2. This right may not be exercised in the event of a prosecution that is actually based on the commission of a non-political crime or an act contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15

1. Everyone has the right to citizenship.

2. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of his citizenship or the right to change his citizenship.

Article 16

1.Men and women who have reached the age of majority have the right, without any restrictions on the basis of race, nationality or religion, to marry and found their families. They enjoy the same rights in relation to marriage, during the state of marriage and during its dissolution.

2. A marriage may be contracted only with the free and full consent of both parties to the marriage.

3. The family is the natural and fundamental unit of society and has the right to protection from society and the state.

Article 17

1. Everyone has the right to own property both individually and jointly with others.

2. No one should be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes the freedom to change one’s religion or belief, and the freedom to practice one’s religion or belief, either alone or in community with others, in public or private, in the teaching, worship and performance of religious and ritual practices.

Article 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes the freedom to freely adhere to one’s convictions and the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas by any means and regardless of state borders.

Article 20

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

2. No one can be forced to join any association.

Article 21

1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

3. The will of the people must be the basis of the power of the government; this will must find expression in periodic and unfalsified elections, which must be held under universal and equal suffrage by secret ballot or through other equivalent forms that ensure freedom to vote.

Article 22

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and to the exercise of the rights necessary to maintain his dignity and for the free development of his personality in the economic, social and cultural fields through national efforts and international cooperation and in accordance with the structure and resources of each the state.

Article 23

1.Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of work, to fair and favorable working conditions and to protection from unemployment.

2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

3. Everyone who works has the right to just and satisfactory remuneration ensuring an existence worthy of a human being for himself and his family, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social security.

4. Everyone has the right to form trade unions and join trade unions to protect their interests.

Article 24

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including the right to a reasonable limitation of the working day and to paid periodic leave.

Article 25

1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, which is necessary to maintain the health and well-being of himself and his family, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, illness, disability , widowhood, old age or other case of loss of livelihood due to circumstances beyond his control.

2. Motherhood and infancy are entitled to special care and assistance. All children born in or out of wedlock should enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26

1. Everyone has the right to education. Education should be free at least as far as primary and general education is concerned. Primary education should be compulsory. Technical and vocational education should be accessible to all, and higher education should be equally accessible to all, based on the abilities of each.

2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the enhancement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Education should promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all peoples, racial and religious groups, and should contribute to United Nations peacekeeping activities.

3. Parents have the right of priority in choosing the type of education for their young children.

Article 27

1. Everyone has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of society, enjoy art, participate in scientific progress and enjoy its benefits.

2. Everyone has the right to protection of his moral and material interests arising from scientific, literary or artistic works of which he is the author.

Article 28

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29

1. Every person has duties to society, in which only the free and full development of his personality is possible.

2. In exercising his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such restrictions as are established by law solely for the purpose of ensuring due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

3. The exercise of these rights and freedoms must in no way be contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30

Nothing in this Declaration can be interpreted as granting to any state, group of persons or individuals the right to engage in any activity or take actions aimed at destroying the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration.

90,000 A man accused of kidnapping a girl from Biysk pleaded guilty

Oleg Lavkin Photo: Investigative Directorate of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for Altai Territory

Oleg Lavkin, accused of abducting a 12-year-old girl in the Biysk region, pleaded guilty to the crime. He was taken into custody, during the preliminary investigation, he will be in a pre-trial detention center.This was reported by the press service of the Altai Investigative Committee.

The man is accused under clauses “c, d” part 2 of Art. 126 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (abduction of a minor).

According to the investigation, 40-year-old Oleg Lavkin watched the child from June to July 2021. And on the afternoon of July 31, I saw a girl riding a bicycle, pushed her, tied her arms and legs and put a bag on her head. The man loaded her into a car trailer, took her to his house in one of the villages of the Biysk region and threw her into the basement. Upon learning that the child was being sought, the accused released the hostage and disappeared.The girl returned home.

And he was put on the international wanted list. On August 12, a local resident saw the suspect in the village of Kurota, Ongudaysky District, Altai Republic. Soon, law enforcement officers arrived at the scene and detained him.

On August 13, Lavkin was taken to Biysk, he was interrogated. The investigation also believes that the man had committed crimes against the sexual integrity of girls earlier.

Recall that under the article Lavkin faces up to 12 years in prison. Previously, he was tried under Art.228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (acquisition, transportation and storage of drugs). According to some unofficial information, Lavkin could have committed sexual acts against the kidnapped girl.

Details of the arrest of the kidnapper of a 12-year-old girl from Biysk

News

08/13/2021 15:07

Altai Ministry of Internal Affairs confirmed the arrest of Oleg Lavkin

90,000 Art.19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with Comments. The last revision as amended for 2021

The last revision of Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (the principle of equality and equality) reads:

1. All are equal before the law and court.

2. The state guarantees equality of human and civil rights and freedoms regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations, and other circumstances.Any form of restriction of the rights of citizens on the basis of social, racial, national, linguistic or religious affiliation is prohibited.

3. Man and woman have equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities for their realization.

Commentary on Art. 19 CRF

1. The content of part 1 of the commented article fully complies with Art. 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which proclaimed that all people are equal before the law and have the right, without any distinction, to equal protection of the law, as well as Art.2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Art. 4 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

Many articles of the Constitution indicate that everyone is the owner of rights and freedoms, i.e. Russian citizen, foreign citizen or stateless person. The circle of holders of such rights is defined by the words: “everyone”, “everyone”, “person”, “nobody”. For example, literally everyone, without any exceptions, applies what is contained in Part 2 of Art. 21 rule that no one should be subjected to torture, violence, other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment; this rule gives everyone equal legal protection, including those who have committed a crime and are serving their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty.Likewise, everyone has the right to inviolability of private life, personal and family secrets, protection of their honor and good name (part 1 of article 23). All are subject to the rule that no one has the right to enter a dwelling against the will of persons living in it, except in cases established by federal law, or on the basis of a court decision (Article 25). In Art. 27 of the Constitution establishes that everyone who is legally on the territory of Russia has the right to move freely, choose a place of stay and residence.The constitution guarantees everyone freedom of conscience, religion, thought and speech (arts. 28 and 29). Part 5 of Art. 37 contains a rule according to which a worker under an employment contract is guaranteed the duration of working hours, weekends and holidays, and annual paid leave established by federal law. This means that everyone who has entered into such an agreement is entitled to the specified guarantees.

In the few cases where rights and freedoms belong only to Russian citizens (mainly political rights and freedoms), the Constitution directly states this (Art.31-32).

Some articles of the Constitution also speak of the obligations of everyone, for example: to pay legally established taxes and fees (Article 57), to preserve nature and the environment, to take good care of natural resources (Article 58).

Other issues related to the rights, freedoms and duties of a person and a citizen are also resolved in the same way.

In more detail, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, issues related to their duties, are regulated in numerous legislative acts that concretize and develop the relevant provisions of the Constitution.

It follows from the above constitutional and international legal provisions that the norms of the law on rights, freedoms and obligations should be applied equally to the entire circle of persons for whom the law is designed. This applies to both substantive and procedural rules.

So, in Art. 1 of the Civil Code states that civil legislation is based, in particular, on the recognition of the equality of participants in the relations regulated by it. In Art. 4 of the Criminal Code established that persons who have committed crimes are equal before the law and are subject to criminal liability on an equal basis, regardless of any circumstances.The principle of equality of all before the law and the court is also enshrined in procedural legislation (Article 6 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, Article 15 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation). In Art. 7 of the APC says that justice in arbitration courts is carried out on the basis of equality of all before the law and the court, regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations, equality of all organizations before the law and the court, regardless of the organizational and legal form, form of ownership, subordination, location and other circumstances.This is fully consistent with the provision enshrined in the Constitution that in Russia private, state, municipal and other forms of property are recognized and protected in a legal manner (part 2 of article 8). In procedural law, equality of all before the law and the court is ensured, in particular, by the fact that each case is considered in the same order, on the basis of the same procedural rules, with the provision of the same amount of guarantees for the persons participating in the case.

Pinned in h.1 of the commented article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the principle of equality applies to all spheres of life. It means the same approach in deciding the issue of rights and freedoms, the duties and responsibilities of all people belonging to one or another category specified in the law.

The law referred to in part 1 of the article being commented on means the Basic Law of the State – the Constitution and the federal and federal constitutional laws based on it, as well as the laws of the constituent entities of the Federation.

Some of these laws are industry-specific; these are civil, housing, administrative legislation, labor laws, marriage and family laws, pension, criminal, etc.Laws on education, on health care, on the rehabilitation of victims of political repression, etc. are cross-sectoral.

The highest level of legislative regulation is represented by codified acts: codes, statutes, regulations. These are acts that provide the most complete, generalized and systemic regulation of a certain group of social relations.

Laws on constitutional rights, freedoms and duties of a person and a citizen should not deviate from the content and meaning of the commented norm.

The principle of the equality of all before the law is closely related to equality before the court, for all the activities of the court are aimed at exact and unswerving observance of the law. The requirements of the Constitution and laws are of particular importance for judges and juries and arbitrators involved in the administration of justice, who exercise judicial power and ensure equal judicial protection of rights and freedoms for all.

The constitutional provision on the equality of all before the law and the court testifies to the role that the Constitution attaches to the judiciary as the most effective means of protecting and restoring rights and freedoms in the event of their violation.

The Constitution guarantees everyone judicial protection of his rights and freedoms and the right to appeal to the court decisions and actions (or inaction) of state authorities, local governments, public associations and officials (see commentary to Art. 46 of the KRF). The instrument for the implementation of this constitutional provision is the RF Law of April 27, 1993 “On Appealing Actions and Decisions Violating the Rights and Freedoms of Citizens in Court”, as amended. and add. of December 14, 1995 (Vedomosti RF.1993. N 19.Art. 685; SZ RF. 1995. N 51. Art. 4970) and the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation.

The constitutional principle of the equality of all before the law and the court is enshrined and concretized in procedural legislation (Articles 6 and 12 of the Code of Civil Procedure, Articles 15 and 244 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 8 of the APC, Article 35 of the FKZ on the Constitutional Court).

Equality of all before the law and the court is ensured, in particular, by the fact that each case is considered the same for all courts, in the same order, on the basis of the same procedural rules, with the provision of an equal amount of guarantees for the persons participating in the case.

The constitutional principle of equality of the parties, provided for in Art. 123 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (see comments to this article). The plaintiff and the defendant in the proceedings; the complainant and the body, organization or official whose decisions or actions are appealed in proceedings on cases arising from administrative-legal relations in civil proceedings; the defendant and the prosecutor in criminal proceedings are parties to whom the law provides equal opportunities to use procedural means to protect their rights and interests.

The parties are provided with equal opportunities to get acquainted with the case materials, file motions, ask questions to participants in the process, witnesses, experts, challenge, give explanations to the court, participate in debates, etc.

Having equal procedural rights, the parties also bear equal procedural obligations. The principle of equal rights of the parties is enforced both in arbitration proceedings and in constitutional proceedings.

An exception to the rule of equality of all before the law and the court is provided, of course, in the Constitution itself (Art.91, 98, part 2 of Art. 122). It refers to the immunity of the President, members of the Federation Council, State Duma deputies and judges.

In practice, questions arose of compliance with the Constitution of legislative acts, including from the point of view of compliance with the requirements of the commented Article 19 of the CRF, limiting the possibility of bringing to criminal responsibility members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges.

These issues were considered in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of February 20, 1996 No.N 5-P in the case of checking the constitutionality of the provisions of Part 1, 2 of Art. 18, art. 19 and part 2 of Art. 20 FZ of May 8, 1994 “On the status of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation” and of March 7, 1996 N 8-P in the case of checking the constitutionality of paragraph 3 of Art. 16 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation” in connection with the complaints of citizens M. and B. (SZ RF. 1996. N 9. Art. 828; N 14. Art. 1549).

In both decisions it is emphasized that as the immunity of a parliamentarian, enshrined in Art.98 of the Constitution, and judicial immunity, which is referred to in Part 1 of Art. 122, – necessary exceptions from the principle of equality of all before the law and court. They go beyond the limits of personal inviolability enshrined in Art. 122 of the Constitution, and are not a personal privilege, but have a public law nature and are intended to serve the public interest.

Considering in principle the contested legislative acts on the immunity of members of parliament and judges in accordance with the Constitution, the Constitutional Court in its decisions at the same time indicated the limits of this immunity, so that there was no unreasonable, broad interpretation of immunity.

So, in the Resolution of February 20, 1996 N 5-P it is said that when deciding to include in the law certain provisions relating to parliamentary immunity, the legislator cannot ignore the general meaning and goals of this legal institution, and also ignore its place in the system of norms of the Constitution. The immunity of a parliamentarian, stated in the Resolution, does not mean his release from responsibility for a committed offense, including a criminal or administrative offense, if such an offense was not committed in connection with the actual implementation of parliamentary activities.

Regarding the immunity of judges, the Resolution of March 7, 1996 N 8-P states that raising the issue of initiating a criminal case against a judge is possible with the consent of the relevant panel of judges. The refusal of the collegium to give consent may be appealed to the highest qualification collegium of judges of the Russian Federation.

The decision of the qualification collegium of judges to refuse to give consent to initiate a criminal case against a judge can also be appealed in court, insofar as this decision affects the rights of both the judge himself and the citizen who has suffered from his actions.

2. Part 2 of the commented article concretizes, discloses and supplements the general provision on the equality of all before the law and the court. The content of Part 2 is addressed to legislative and other regulatory bodies, as well as law enforcers, public associations, organizations, enterprises, institutions, local authorities, officials, everyone who is involved in resolving the issue of human and civil rights and freedoms. In the commented part of the article, the prohibition of discrimination is associated with the most common grounds on which the equality of human rights and freedoms could be violated.

The above list of signs by which the restriction of human and civil rights and freedoms is not allowed is not exhaustive. This is expressed by the words “as well as other circumstances.” Examples of restrictions on characteristics not indicated in the above list are encountered in practice. This, in particular, became clear during the consideration of the case in the Constitutional Court on the verification of the constitutionality of Art. 2.1 and 16 of the Law of the RSFSR of October 18, 1991 “On the rehabilitation of victims of political repression” (as amended bydated September 3, 1993) in connection with individual complaint A.

In 1942 the applicant and her parents were forcibly evicted from their place of residence in Stalingrad. In 1993, the parents were rehabilitated on the basis of paragraph “c” of Art. 3 of the Law, and the applicant herself on the basis of Part 1 of Art. 2.1 of the Law was recognized as a victim of political repression.

Considering that repressions were applied to her, as well as to her parents, the applicant applied to various organizations with a request to recognize her as unjustifiably repressed and to extend compensation and benefits provided for this category of persons to her.A.’s request was denied on the grounds that by the time the repressions ended, A. had not reached the age of 16, from which, according to the legislation in force at that time, an appropriate type of political repression could be applied to a person.

The fact that by the time of the unjustified application of reprisals to her parents A. had not reached the age that allowed her to be legally prosecuted, as indicated in the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of May 23, 1995 No. 6-P in this case, does not matter for the assessment its legal status and cannot serve as a basis for restricting rights and freedoms in the process of rehabilitation.The Resolution emphasized that the specified provision of Part 1 of Art. 2.1 of the Law, in essence and the meaning given to it in practice, establishes unreasonable and unfair distinctions (including those related to age) for a certain category of citizens recognized as victims of political repression, in comparison with unreasonably repressed, although they were also subjected to political repression. motives.

This provision of the Law was recognized by the Constitutional Court as inconsistent with the Constitution (art.1 tbsp. 19, art. 52).

A number of complaints submitted to the Constitutional Court indicated the inconsistency of Art. 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the establishment in the Federal Law of January 12, 1995 “On Veterans” of various grounds for referring to veterans of hostilities for different categories of persons sent by decision of the Government of the USSR to perform certain tasks on the territory of other states.

The legal position of the Constitutional Court on this issue is set out, in particular, in the Decision of November 16, 2006 No.506-O on the complaint of A.A. Bogatova.

In the Definition, the reasons for disagreeing with the applicant are formulated as follows. Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Veterans” establishes the circle of persons belonging to combat veterans, including those serving military units of the USSR Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, subject to certain conditions provided for in subparagraph 5 of paragraph 1 of this article. In accordance with this rule, in order to obtain the status of a veteran of hostilities, persons who served military units of the Armed Forces of the USSR and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must confirm the fact that they were sent and stayed on the territory of other states during the period of hostilities there, as well as the fact of being wounded, concussed or injuries or the fact of awarding orders or medals of the USSR or the Russian Federation for participation in the provision of the indicated hostilities.However, the applicant confirmed only the first fact.

A.A. Bogatov, as can be seen from the content of his complaint, demands to change the conditions for classifying persons serving military units of the Armed Forces of the USSR and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as combat veterans, establishing the same criteria for this category of persons as for persons sent to work in Afghanistan in the period from December 1979 to December 1989. Meanwhile, it is the legislator’s prerogative to determine the criteria for classifying citizens as war veterans.Exercising his authority to establish measures of social support for veterans, he has the right to determine various conditions for classifying persons who were on the territory of other states as war veterans.

The Constitutional Court in its decisions has repeatedly pointed out that the differentiation of legal regulation, including in the field of social protection, leading to differences in the rights and obligations of subjects of law, is permissible if its criteria are objectively justified, substantiated and pursue constitutionally significant goals, and used for to achieve these goals, the legal means are proportionate to them (judgments of October 24, 2000 No.N 13-P, dated June 3, 2004 N 11-P, definitions dated June 27, 2005 N 231-O on the complaint of citizen K.A. Galeeva, dated December 1, 2005 N 428-O).

The differences established in the Federal Law “On Veterans” in the grounds for classifying persons who were on the territory of other states as veterans of hostilities, depending on the work performed, the country of stay and the time spent in this territory, are based on objective circumstances – the importance and complexity of the tasks performed, as well as the conditions for their implementation, and therefore cannot be considered as infringing on the rights of citizens.

The constitutional principle of equality was developed in Art. 7 FKZ “On the judicial system of the Russian Federation”. Both parts of this article are devoted to the principle of equality in its legislative consolidation and law enforcement practice. At the same time, part 2 is, as it were, specifically addressed to the attitude of the court towards the participants in the proceedings. Pointing out that the courts in their process should not give preference to anyone, the norm formulates a requirement for the courts when they exercise any powers and perform procedural actions in all types and stages of the process.Preference is unacceptable when preparing a case for consideration, in court proceedings, when making a decision and in actions for its execution. The requirement of an equal approach, non-admission of preference applies to all participants in the proceedings, and above all to the parties involved in the process. This directly follows from those enshrined in Art. 123 of the Constitution of the principles of competition and equality of the parties.

The list of circumstances, depending on which discrimination or preference is unacceptable, is designed not only for individuals, as indicated in Part.2 tbsp. 19 of the Constitution, but also for legal entities. The list is not exhaustive, which underlines the universality of the principle of equality. With regard to the activities of the courts, this prohibition of discrimination can also be viewed as a warning against arbitrary granting to any of the participants in the trial a preference that is not based on the law, since, according to Part 2 of the commented Article 19 of the Constitution of Russia, if there is an indication in federal law, preference is permissible … The latter follows from the fact that the constitutional principle of equality before the law and the court in no way presupposes formal equalization, but proceeds from the need in many cases to take into account the specific conditions associated with the emergence and implementation of certain legal relations.

For example, Article 48 of the Constitution, guaranteeing everyone the right to receive qualified legal assistance, also establishes that in cases provided for by law, legal assistance is provided free of charge, which is a well-defined preference that the courts are not only entitled to, but also obliged to provide. The norms of the criminal and criminal procedure codes, concerning, in particular, the types of punishment applied to minors, their release from punishment, the terms of the cancellation of convictions, etc., can be considered as preferable.(Articles 87, 95 of the Criminal Code). The Criminal Procedure Code contains chapter 50, which is specifically devoted to the procedure for juvenile proceedings. In Art. 420 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, placed in this chapter, says that the proceedings in a criminal case of a crime committed by a juvenile is carried out in the general procedure established by parts two and three of the Code, with exceptions compared to general rules, for example, in terms of the detention of minors and their imprisonment in custody, a special procedure for summoning a minor to an investigator and interrogating a minor, as well as a trial, which provides additional sparing measures in relation to minors.

3. In part 3 of the commented article, the provision on the equality of men and women was singled out as an independent norm. This is fully in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Article 2 of the Convention obliges States parties to “incorporate the principle of equal rights between men and women in their national constitutions”. Equal rights and freedoms of men and women are also indicated in Art. 3 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Art. 1 of the Convention discloses the concept of “discrimination” against women, meaning any distinction, exclusion or restriction on the basis of sex, which is aimed at weakening or nullifying the recognition, use or exercise of women, regardless of their marital status, rights and fundamental freedoms in political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other area.Implementation of the constitutional provision, enshrined in part 3 of the commented article 19 of the Constitution, is the responsibility of legislative, executive bodies, courts, and all law enforcement bodies.

Part 3 of the analyzed article speaks not only of equal rights and freedoms for men and women, but also of equal opportunities for their realization. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the female body, the functions that women perform in the family. Particular attention should be paid to women’s education and vocational training, their participation in labor, in social, political and cultural activities.With this in mind, sectoral legislation contains provisions on material and moral support for mothers and children, special measures for the protection of labor and health of women, their pension provision, etc.

The legislation also contains provisions on responsibility for violation of the equality of men and women. Thus, article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for criminal liability for violation of the equality of citizens, in particular, depending on gender.

Despite these legal guarantees, the actual state of affairs cannot be considered satisfactory.Great hopes in this regard are pinned on the Concept for the Improvement of the Status of Women in the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of January 8, 1996 N 6. The main idea of ​​the Concept is that the full and equal participation of women in political, economic, social and cultural life at the federal, regional and international levels should become the main goal of state policy in the field of improving the status of women in Russia.

In the meantime, the document notes, lack of demand in politics, discrimination in labor, deterioration in health and the growth of violence against women cause the greatest concern of the public in the context of fundamental reforms taking place in the country at the present time.

In this regard, the Concept recognizes the need, first of all, to promote the observance of women’s rights in unity with fundamental human rights and freedoms; ensure conditions for the full participation of women in decision-making at all levels of government; to promote equal rights to work; to ensure the protection of women’s health; to work to prevent and suppress violence against women.

To solve these problems, it is indicated in the Concept, it is necessary to seek the creation of conditions and the development of legal norms necessary for the implementation in practice of the constitutional principle of equal rights and equal opportunities; use the experience gained in various regions of the Russian Federation; ensure coordination of actions at the federal, regional and international levels.

90,000 In Sochi, a man shot two bailiffs

On June 9, a local resident shot dead bailiffs in Adler. Here’s what is known about tragedy

The tragedy took place in the morning in Adler on the street of Enlightenment. Two bailiffs-executors arrived at the address with special equipment for the demolition of buildings. In 2018, there was a fire there, which killed 11 people. Then it was established that the buildings were erected unauthorizedly and unlawfully surrendered, the court ordered to demolish them.

The 60-year-old owner of the buildings, Vartan Kochian, demanded to leave his territory, after which he fired at least three shots from a hunting rifle at the bailiffs and the man involved in the demolition. The death of employees was confirmed by the press service of the Main Directorate of the FSSP of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory. The third victim received medical assistance, his life is out of danger.

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The killed were 30-year-old Andronik Mativosyan and 31-year-old Albert Agozyan. Mativosyan was shot in the stomach, while his colleague was shot in the chest.An ambulance was the first to arrive at the scene of the shootout. Eyewitnesses shouted to the doctors that Kochian was reloading his gun, and the doctors hid in the car, and then carefully drove off, wrote “Mash”.

The publication published a video with a detained man. In it, he admitted that he did not regret what he had done.

“ I have been living in these houses since I was four. They just brought it – they didn’t allow the land to be formalized, they said it’s impossible, then the government changed. Not everything is for sale – I am not for sale. It’s mine. The land of my parents, the land of my children and mine.I am 61 years old, and I do not regret what I did , ”the man said.

A criminal case was opened against him under Art. 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Encroachment on the life of persons administering justice) and Part 3 of Art. 30, part 2 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Attempted murder of two or more persons). The progress and results of the investigation were taken under personal control by the prosecutor of Sochi.

According to the Center for Licensing and Permitting Work of the Rosgvardia State Administration for the Krasnodar Territory, the man did not have a license for a weapon.

90,000 The Prosecutor’s Office explains under Art.10 of the law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”

According to Art. 10 of the Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” applications and complaints received by the prosecutor’s office, other appeals, are considered in the manner and within the time limits established by federal legislation. The response to the application, complaint and other appeal must be motivated, and if the application or complaint is denied, the applicant must be explained the procedure for appealing against the decision, as well as the right to go to court, if such is provided by law; in this case, it is prohibited to forward the complaint to the body or official whose decisions or actions are being appealed.

Law of May 2, 2006 No. 59-FZ “On the Procedure for Considering Appeals from Citizens of the Russian Federation” establishes similar rules regarding the rights of a citizen when considering his appeal. So, citizens have the right to receive a written answer on the merits of the questions raised in the appeal, to appeal against the decision made on the appeal. At the same time, the Law prohibits sending a complaint for consideration to a body or official whose decision or action (inaction) is being appealed.

In accordance with Art.27 of the Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”, when considering appeals, prosecutors are assigned certain responsibilities. Thus, the prosecutor is obliged to consider and verify applications, complaints and other messages about the violation of human and civil rights and freedoms, explain to the victims the procedure for protecting their rights and freedoms, take measures to prevent and suppress violations of rights and freedoms, bring to justice those who violated the law, and compensation for damage caused. In addition, if the violation of human and civil rights and freedoms has the character of a crime, the prosecutor takes measures to ensure that the perpetrators are prosecuted in accordance with the law; in cases where the violation of human and civil rights and freedoms has the nature of an administrative offense, the prosecutor initiates proceedings on an administrative offense or immediately transmits a report on the offense and inspection materials to the body or official authorized to consider such cases; in case of violation of human and civil rights and freedoms protected in civil proceedings, when the victim for health reasons, age or other reasons cannot personally defend his rights and freedoms in court or arbitration court, or when the rights and freedoms of a significant number of citizens are violated or due to other circumstances, the violation has acquired special social significance, the prosecutor brings and maintains a claim in court or in an arbitration court in the interests of the victims.

In carrying out the functions assigned to him, the prosecutor uses the powers provided for in Art. 22 of the named Law. The prosecutor has the right to demand that managers and other officials submit the necessary documents, materials, statistical and other information, allocate specialists to clarify the issues that have arisen, conduct inspections on materials and appeals received by the prosecutor’s office, audit the activities of organizations under their control or subordinate to them, call officials and citizens for explanations about violations of laws, etc.

Citizens who applied to the prosecutor’s office must receive a timely response to their appeal. If the citizen’s appeal is satisfied, the response should contain an indication of what measures of the prosecutor’s response have been taken. If the decision of the issues on which the citizen has applied is not within the competence of the prosecutor, the applicant must be explained the procedure for protecting his rights and freedoms. In all cases, the applicant must be explained the procedure for appealing against the decision taken on his appeal, including the possibility of going to court, if this is provided by law.

90,000 In the Samara region, the bodies of three men were found missing after a collision on the Volga of a boat and a barge

In the Samara region, the bodies of three men who disappeared after a collision of a boat and a barge on the Volga were found

According to the investigation, the collision occurred in connection with a violation of traffic safety rules and the operation of inland waterway transport

During a search operation, rescuers found the bodies of three men who were in a boat that collided with a barge on the Volga on August 14, 2021.The ship with the dead was found about two kilometers from the scene downstream, 500 meters from the first berth of the river station in the city of Samara. Two men were inside the drowned boat, the third man was next to the side. This was reported by the press service of the Central Interregional Investigation Department for Transport of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.

The Central Interregional Investigation Department for Transport of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation continues to investigate a criminal case under Part 3 of Art.263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, i.e. violation of the rules of traffic safety and operation of inland waterway transport by a person operating a small vessel, resulting in the death of two or more persons by negligence.

According to the investigators, on August 14, 2021, at about 21:30 (local time), at 1733 km of the Volga River opposite the village of Rozhdestveno, Samara, a small vessel of CABA model collided due to violation of traffic safety rules and operation of inland waterway transport 700 VIKING with the barge of the Redovy-3 motor ship.

A complex of investigative actions is being carried out aimed at establishing all the circumstances of the incident. Witnesses are being questioned, the barge has been examined, the boat is being examined, a number of examinations have been appointed.

Rescue teams continue to search for the fourth man.

The investigation of the criminal case is under the control of the leadership of the Investigative Department.

Reference:

A criminal case has been initiated in the Samara region over the collision of a boat and a barge on the Volga >>>> https: // portnews.ru / news / 317136/

According to the investigation, the collision occurred in connection with a violation of traffic safety rules and the operation of inland water transport

Photo from the management website

During a search operation, rescuers found the bodies of three men who were in a boat that collided with a barge on the Volga on August 14, 2021. The ship with the dead was found about two kilometers from the scene downstream, 500 meters from the first berth of the river station in the city of Samara.Two men were inside the drowned boat, the third man was next to the side. This was reported by the press service of the Central Interregional Investigation Department for Transport of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.

The Central Interregional Investigation Department for Transport of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation continues to investigate a criminal case under Part 3 of Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, i.e. violation of the rules of traffic safety and operation of inland waterway transport by a person operating a small vessel, resulting in the death of two or more persons by negligence.

According to the investigators, on August 14, 2021, at about 21:30 (local time), at 1733 km of the Volga River opposite the village of Rozhdestveno, Samara, a small vessel of CABA model collided due to violation of traffic safety rules and operation of inland waterway transport 700 VIKING with the barge of the Redovy-3 motor ship.

A complex of investigative actions is being carried out aimed at establishing all the circumstances of the incident. Witnesses are being questioned, the barge has been examined, the boat is being examined, a number of examinations have been appointed.

Rescue teams continue to search for the fourth man.

The investigation of the criminal case is under the control of the leadership of the Investigative Department.

Reference:

A criminal case has been initiated in the Samara region over the collision of a boat and a barge on the Volga >>>>

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