What are the key rules of women’s lacrosse. How does the game differ from men’s lacrosse. What equipment is required for women’s lacrosse. How are youth lacrosse rules modified for safety and skill development. What are the different levels of play in women’s youth lacrosse.
Table of Contents
The Fundamentals of Women’s Lacrosse
Women’s lacrosse is a fast-paced and exciting sport that combines elements of strategy, skill, and athleticism. Unlike its male counterpart, women’s lacrosse has distinct rules and equipment requirements that set it apart. Understanding these fundamentals is crucial for players, coaches, and fans alike.
One of the most significant differences between men’s and women’s lacrosse is the level of physical contact allowed. Women’s lacrosse is primarily a non-contact sport, focusing more on stick skills, speed, and agility. This aspect of the game has led to unique rules and equipment designed to enhance player safety while maintaining the sport’s competitive nature.
USA Lacrosse Girls Rules: Stick Checking and Player Development
USA Lacrosse has implemented specific rules for girls’ lacrosse to promote player development and safety. These rules vary depending on the age and skill level of the players, with a particular focus on stick checking.
No Checking and Modified Checking
For players below the seventh grade, stick checking is not allowed. This rule aims to help beginners focus on mastering the fundamental skills of the game, such as passing, catching, footwork, positioning, and marking. By removing the advanced skill of stick checking, young players can build a solid foundation in the sport.
As players progress to the 7th and 8th grade levels, modified checking is introduced. This intermediate step allows players to check the stick only if it is below shoulder level, using a downward motion away from the opponent’s body. This gradual introduction of checking skills helps players develop proper techniques while encouraging good cradling and stick handling for attacking players.
Interpreting Stick-to-Stick Contact
It’s important to note that not all stick-to-stick contact is considered a violation of the no checking or modified checking rules. For instance, if a defender holds her stick in a good defensive position and an attacking player craddles into it, causing contact, this is not considered a stick check. Similarly, if a defender attempts to block or intercept a pass and the attacker makes contact while passing or catching, this is also not a violation.
Official Rules for Girls Youth Lacrosse: Levels and Age Groups
The Official Girls Youth rules, developed by the US Lacrosse Women’s Division and ratified by the US Lacrosse Youth Council, aim to standardize youth rules across the United States. These rules are designed to introduce young players to the sport, familiarizing them with terminology, field layout, playing positions, teamwork concepts, and essential skills.
Age Group Guidelines
6-8 years old (Under 9)
9-10 years old (Under 11)
11-12 years old (Under 13)
13-14 years old (Under 15)
Rule Levels
The girls’ youth rules are divided into three levels: A, B, and C. These levels accommodate different skill levels and age groups:
Level C: Designed for beginning teams and players, allowing certain stick modifications to facilitate throwing and catching.
Level B: An intermediate level that still prohibits checking but requires more standard equipment.
Level A: The most advanced level, allowing modified checking and requiring the use of regulation crosse and pocket.
For official US Lacrosse-sponsored tournaments, such as the US Lacrosse Youth Festival, specific age and rule levels are applied: Under 13 uses Level B rules, while Under 15 uses Level A rules.
Equipment Requirements in Women’s Lacrosse
The equipment used in women’s lacrosse is designed to ensure player safety while maintaining the unique characteristics of the sport. Let’s explore the essential equipment requirements for different levels of play.
Goals
Regulation lacrosse goal cages are typically used for outdoor play. However, smaller cages (similar to street hockey goals) may be used for indoor play and Level C outdoor games. This flexibility allows for adaptability to different playing environments and skill levels.
Balls
Players may use either a regulation ball or a “soft” ball, depending on the level of play and player experience. For new or beginner programs, it’s highly recommended to use a soft ball until players have developed their throwing and catching skills. The soft ball should be approximately the same size as a regulation ball. For indoor play, a “no bounce” ball is recommended to prevent excessive bouncing on hard surfaces.
Sticks (Crosses)
The type of stick allowed varies based on the level of play:
Level C: Players may use a youth stick with mesh or traditional stringing, or a regulation women’s crosse with a modified pocket. In a modified pocket, only half the ball may fall below the bottom of the sidewall.
Level B: Players must use a regulation women’s crosse with either a regular or modified pocket.
Level A: Players must use a regulation women’s crosse with a regular pocket.
Protective Equipment
Safety is paramount in women’s lacrosse, and certain protective equipment is mandatory across all levels:
Mouthguards
Eyewear
Additional protective gear is also permitted or required:
Close-fitting gloves are allowed
Soft headgear is permitted
Hard helmets are only allowed for goalkeepers
Goalkeeper Equipment
Goalkeepers have additional protective equipment requirements:
Helmet with face mask
Separate throat protector
Chest protector
Goalie gloves
Leg padding on the shins and thighs
Abdominal protection (recommended)
The Importance of Proper Officiating in Youth Lacrosse
Ensuring fair play and adherence to the rules is crucial in youth lacrosse. The presence of qualified umpires is essential for maintaining the integrity of the game and promoting player safety.
For Level C games, it is strongly recommended that at least one qualified umpire be assigned. For Level A and B games, two qualified umpires should be present. This increased officiating presence at higher levels reflects the more complex rules and potentially more competitive nature of the games.
Transitioning Between Levels: Skill Development and Rule Progression
The progression from Level C to Level A in youth lacrosse is designed to gradually introduce more complex rules and techniques as players develop their skills. This structured approach allows young athletes to build a strong foundation in the sport before advancing to more challenging aspects of the game.
From Level C to Level B
As players move from Level C to Level B, they transition from using modified sticks to regulation women’s crosses. This change requires players to refine their stick skills and adapt to the standard equipment used in higher levels of play. While checking is still not allowed at this level, players begin to focus more on positioning and defensive techniques that will prepare them for the introduction of modified checking in Level A.
From Level B to Level A
The transition from Level B to Level A marks a significant step in a player’s development. At this stage, modified checking is introduced, allowing players to engage in more advanced defensive techniques. This progression requires players to combine their fundamental skills with new tactical knowledge, enhancing their overall understanding and execution of the game.
The Role of Coaches in Implementing Youth Lacrosse Rules
Coaches play a crucial role in implementing and enforcing youth lacrosse rules. Their understanding and adherence to these regulations are essential for player development and safety.
Teaching Proper Techniques
Coaches must focus on teaching proper techniques that align with the rules of each level. For example, when introducing modified checking at Level A, coaches should emphasize the correct form and timing to ensure players are executing checks safely and within the rules.
Emphasizing Sportsmanship
Beyond teaching the technical aspects of the game, coaches have a responsibility to instill values of sportsmanship and fair play. This includes respecting officials’ decisions, treating opponents with respect, and maintaining a positive attitude regardless of the game’s outcome.
Adapting to Rule Changes
As players progress through different levels, coaches must stay informed about rule changes and adapt their teaching methods accordingly. This may involve adjusting practice drills, game strategies, and player positions to align with new regulations.
The Impact of Youth Rules on Long-term Player Development
The structured approach to youth lacrosse rules has a significant impact on long-term player development. By focusing on fundamental skills at lower levels and gradually introducing more complex techniques, players are better prepared for advanced play as they progress in the sport.
Building a Strong Foundation
The emphasis on basic skills such as passing, catching, and positioning at the lower levels helps players develop a strong foundation. This focus on fundamentals ensures that players have a solid skill set to build upon as they advance to higher levels of play.
Gradual Introduction of Complexity
The progressive introduction of more complex rules and techniques, such as modified checking, allows players to adapt to new challenges at a pace that matches their physical and cognitive development. This gradual approach helps prevent overwhelming young players and reduces the risk of developing bad habits or improper techniques.
Fostering a Love for the Game
By tailoring the rules to different age groups and skill levels, youth lacrosse creates an environment where players can enjoy the sport while learning. This positive experience at the youth level can foster a lifelong love for lacrosse, encouraging players to continue with the sport as they grow older.
Adapting Women’s Lacrosse Rules for Different Playing Environments
While the core rules of women’s lacrosse remain consistent, there are some adaptations made for different playing environments. These modifications ensure that the game can be played safely and effectively in various settings.
Indoor Lacrosse Adaptations
When playing indoors, certain adjustments are made to accommodate the different surface and space constraints:
Smaller goals may be used, similar to street hockey cages
A “no bounce” ball is recommended to prevent excessive bouncing on hard indoor surfaces
Field dimensions may be adjusted based on available space
Outdoor Variations
Outdoor play may also require some adaptations, particularly at the lower levels:
Level C games may use smaller goals even when played outdoors
Field size can be adjusted based on the age group and available space
Soft balls may be used for younger players or beginners to facilitate learning
These adaptations allow for greater flexibility in organizing games and practices, making the sport more accessible to a wider range of players and communities.
USA Lacrosse Girls Rules
Guidance — No Checking/Modified Checking
US Lacrosse is attempting to send a consistent message regarding checking to youth players, whether they are using the regular women’s lacrosse rules or following the girls’ rules. Players below the seventh grade level should not be stick checking. It is the hope of the Rules Committee that mandating no checking will allow the beginning player to work on the basic fundamentals of the game – passing, catching, footwork, proper positioning, and marking – before they are introduced to the more advanced skill of stick checking.
Once players have mastered the basic fundamentals, coaches will want to introduce stick checking. Players on 7th and 8th grade teams will be allowed to use modified checking as an intermediate step towards full checking. Modified checking is defined as checking the stick if it is below shoulder level, using a downward motion away from the other player’s body. Use of modified checking will allow the older youth player to learn proper checking skills, while at the same time encouraging good cradling and stick handling skills for the attack player. Umpires and coaches should strictly enforce this rule, never allowing checks near a player’s head or face.
It should be noted that stick-to-stick contact is not necessarily a violation of the no checking/modified checking rule. A defender who is holding her stick in good defensive position may force the attack player to cradle into her stick causing contact. This is not considered a stick check, as the attack player initiated the contact, not the defender. A similar situation would exist when the defender puts her stick up in an attempt to block or intercept a pass and the attacker makes contact while in the act of passing or catching the ball.
Please note that it will be left to individual school districts, counties, and leagues to decide what they consider a seventh grade team and an eighth grade team.
Official Rules for Girls Youth Lacrosse
The purpose of the Official Girls Youth rules is to familiarize young players with the sport of women’s lacrosse by introducing them to the terms, the field, the playing positions, the concept of teamwork and the skills required to play the game safely and fairly. These rules were written by the US Lacrosse Women’s Division and ratified by the US Lacrosse Youth Council in an effort to standardize youth rules for girls throughout the United States. Youth leagues may decide on age level play that best suits their needs, within the following suggested guidelines: 6-8 year olds (Under 9), 9-10 year olds (Under 11), 11-12 year olds (Under 13), 13-14 year olds (Under 15).
The girls’ youth rules are divided by levels (A, B, and C). Beginning teams/players would be expected to use Level B or C rules, which do not allow checking and do allow certain stick modifications to make throwing and catching easier. Players would then progress to Level A rules which allow modified checking and require the use of a regulation crosse and pocket.
Any tournament play sponsored or sanctioned by US Lacrosse, such as the US Lacrosse Youth Festival, will use the following age and rule levels: Under 13 – Level B rules; Under 15 – Level A rules. Non-US Lacrosse sponsored tournaments should follow an age/rule level format and announce to participants prior to the tournament which level(s) (A,B,C) will be used at their event to avoid any confusion.
It is strongly recommended that at least one qualified umpire be assigned to Level C games, and two qualified umpires be assigned to Level A and B games.
Equipment Goals – regulation lacrosse goal cages; smaller (street hockey type) cages may be used for indoor play and for Level C playing outdoors.
Ball – may use a regulation ball, or a “soft” ball. It is highly recommended that new or beginner programs use the soft ball until players have developed their throwing and catching skills. If a soft ball is used, it should be approximately the same size as a regulation ball. A regulation ball may be used for indoor play, however a “no bounce” ball is recommended.
Sticks – Level C may use a youth stick with mesh or traditional stringing or regulation women’s crosse and may have a modified pocket. With a modified pocket, only half the ball may fall below the bottom of the sidewall. Level B must use a regulation women’s crosse with either a regular or modified pocket. Level A must use a regulation women’s crosse with regular pocket.
Protective equipment – mouthguards and eyewear are mandatory at all levels. Close fitting gloves are permitted, as is soft headgear; no hard helmets except the goalie. Goalie must wear helmet with face mask, separate throat protector, chest protector, goalie gloves, and leg padding on the shins and thighs. Protection for the abdominal area for goalies is strongly recommended. All protective devices used should be close fitting, padded where necessary, and not be of excessive weight.
Playing Area
Field Diagram:
There are no measured boundaries. Official(s) decide on the boundaries. When playing indoors, play the rebound where possible.
Level A – desirable field length is 100 yds. between goal lines, 10 yds. behind each goal, and 70 yds. wide. Field should be marked according to US Lacrosse Women’s Rules including a restraining line. (See Rule 3, page 9.)
Level B – desirable field length is 90 yds. between goal lines, 10 yds. behind each goal, and 50 yds. wide. Field should be marked according to US Lacrosse Women’s Rules including a restraining line. (See Rule 3, page 9.)
Level C – desirable field length is 50 yds. between goal lines, 10 yds. behind each goal, and 25 yds. wide. Field markings should include two goal circles (radius 2m) with a goal line in each, two 8m arcs around each goal circle and a center line.
Start of the Game
The procedure for the start of the game/draw shall be the same as outlined in Rule 10 of the US Lacrosse Women’s Rules with the following modification: for all levels, a free position will be taken at the center by the team with fewer goals if a four or more goal differential exists. When this occurs positioning for the draw will apply.
Start/Stop Play
All play is started and stopped with the whistle. All players must stop and stand when the whistle blows (to stop play). All may move again when the next whistle blows.
Scoring
A goal is scored when the ball passes completely over the goal line and into the goal cage. Scoring must be by an attacker’s crosse, and not off the body of an attack player. A goal may be scored off the defender’s body or crosse.
Substitution
Substitution is unlimited and the substitution procedure should be the same as outlined in Rule 9 of the US Lacrosse Women’s Rules, i.e. substitute any time during play, after goals, and at halftime.
Duration of Play
Level A – 25-minutes running time per half (maximum)
Level B – 25-minutes running time per half (maximum)
Level C – 20-minutes running time per half (maximum)
At all levels, the clock will be stopped on every whistle (to stop play) in the last two minutes of each helf. Teams may choose to play four quarters, but total playing time should not exceed the maximum time for each level. The clock will stop on every whistle (to stop play) in the last minute of each quarter.
Fouls
Fouls shall be the same as those outlined in Rule 18 of the US Lacrosse Women’s Rules with the following modifications:
No shooting on free positions (Level C). (Major Foul)
No checking (Level B and C). (Major Foul)
Modified checking only (see definitions) (Level A). (Major Foul)
No holding the ball for more than 3 seconds when closely guarded/marked (see definitions) and the defense has both hands on her stick and is in position to legally check were checking allowed. (All levels). (Minor Foul)
Note: If the player with the ball takes the stick to the other side of her body and thus away from the defender making a legal check impossible, the 3-second count would be over. If the defender adjusts her position to where a legal check could be made, the count starts again. If another teammate joins the defender and that second defender is in good position to check, the count starts again. The umpire will give an audible 3-second count. The purpose of this rule is to encourage good defensive positioning and to make the offensive player aware of her defender. The attack player must try to keep the stick away from the defender, and, if she does not she will be forced to pass or she will lose the ball. Even when the defender may not check, if she is in good defensive position she will force the attack player to pass. This will give her team a chance for a play on the ball either by interception, by blocking the attempted pass, or by forcing a bad pass and causing a ground ball.
Penalties for Fouls
The penalty for fouls is a free position with all players, including the offender, moving 4m away from the player with the ball. For specifics on major, minor, and goal circle fouls and carding, see Rule 19 (page 41) in the US Lacrosse Women’s Rules. A 3-second violation is considered a minor foul with the closest defender to the ball carrier being awarded the ball. The only modification for these youth rules is in Level C, where all free positions are indirect (i.e., the player with the ball may never shoot directly from the free position).
Definition of Terms Closely Guarded: Player with the ball has an opponent within a sticks length. Free Position: Penalty awarded for a foul. Player who has been fouled gets the ball and all others must move 4m away. Indirect Free Position: No shot on goal may be made until the player with the ball passes the ball to another player. Modified Checking: Checking the stick only if it is below shoulder level. The check must be in a downward direction and away from the body. Pass: Exchange of the ball through the air from one teammate’s crosse to another. Possession: A player has the ball in their crosse. Position to Check: Player has an opportunity to legally check the stick without fouling (the 3-second count starts when the umpire deems that the player with the ball could be checked legally if checking were permitted. )
Level A Specifics
Eleven field players, one goal keeper.
Field size: 100 yds. X 70 yds. is recommended.
Regular field markings, including restraining line.
Regular women’s crosse, regulation pocket.
Modified checking only.
25-minute halves (max.), running time.
May shoot from direct free positions.
Level B Specifics
Eleven field players, one goal keeper.
Field size: 90 yds. X 50 yds. is recommended.
Regular field markings, including restraining line.
Regular women’s crosse, modified pocket allowed.
No checking.
25-minute halves (max.), running time.
May shoot from direct free positions.
Level C Specifics
Seven field players, use of a goal keeper is optional.
Field size: 50 yds. x 25 yds. is recommended.
8m arc, no 12m fan, no restraining line, center line (no circle).
Youth sticks (mesh allowed) or regular women’s crosse, modified pocket.
No checking.
20-minute halves (max.), running time.
May not shoot from any free position.
These rules were written with the safety of all the players being of utmost importance. Youth lacrosse should be fun, challenging and safe. To that end, the umpires shall have the authority to penalize any foul, unsafe play, or unacceptable behavior not covered specifically in these rules. Play should be as continuous as possible, and any foul which does not gain an advantage for the offender or her team should result in a “held” whistle whenever possible.
Women’s Lacrosse Rules
III. Equipment
It’s essential to use the right equipment in lacrosse. Whether you’re attack, midfield, defense, or goalie, your equipment can make or break the game. The right stick can make scoring, checking, and cradling easier. The right gloves improve your grip and help you avoid costly mistakes. For the goalie, the right pads mean safety in the crease.
Make sure your equipment adheres to the following specifications. Remember, all equipment from STX follows U.S.W.L.A guidelines.
How Umpires Inspect Equipment
IIIA. The Crosse
The crosse described below is for players other than the goalkeeper. To find out about goalie crosses, go to Just for Goalies.
Field crosses may be synthetic or wooden. The head of the stick is basically triangular and is affixed to the handle in such a way that it is on the same plane as the handle (i.e., not at an angle). For the safety of all the players, the crosse must be free from all sharp or protruding parts or edges.
The pocket of the crosse must be strung with 4 or 5 leather or synthetic thongs, with 8 to 12 stitches cross-lacing and no more than 2 “shooting/throw” strings. MESH POCKETS ARE NOT ALLOWED.
The pocket’s tightness should be such that a ball dropped into a horizontally held crosse should remain even with or above the top of the wall. Also, the ball must be able to move freely within the pocket, and not become wedged between the wood and the bridge, or, on a molded stick, within the stop.
Overall length:
35.5″-43.25″ (Younger players may use smaller sticks.)
Overall head width:
7″-9″
Head width, 1″ above center of stop (molded crosse) or 1″ above the bridge (wooden crosse):
2.625″-3″ inside or 3″-4″ outside
Head length, from center of stop/bridge to top of head:
10″-12″
Head depth (combined measurement of pocket holding ball and the sidewall):
no more than 2. 5″
Wall thickness, at highest point:
1.25″-4.8″ wood/molded or 1.25″-2.75″ guard soft/woven
Weight:
No more than 20 ounces
What happens if my equipment doesn’t meet these specifications on inspection?
Detailed Manufacturer’s Specifications for Field Crosses
Detailed Manufacturer’s Specifications for Goalie Crosses
IIIB. The Ball
Material:
Rubber
Color:
Solid yellow
Circumference:
7.25″-8″
Weight:
5-5.25 oz.
Bounce, dropped from 72″ onto concrete at room temperature:
43″-51″
What happens if my equipment doesn’t meet these specifications on inspection? Detailed Manufacturer’s Specifications for Lacrosse Balls
IIIC. Uniforms and Equipment for Field Players
Specifications:
Shoes:
Composition or rubber-soled boots or shoes.
Cleats:
No spikes; plastic, leather, or rubber cleat-studs
Uniforms:
All teammates must be dressed the same, except the goalie Shoes and socks need not be identical
Numbers*:
On front of shirt, no less than 3″ tall; on back, no less than 6″ tall
Each player must have a unique number
Color of number must clearly contrast with shirt color
On patterned shirt, number must be superimposed on a solid block or outlined with a contrasting color
Colors:
Coaches will agree on contrasting colors prior to game If both teams wear similar colors, home team will wear pinnies or vests
Undergarments**:
Solid color under kilt or shorts Under the top, same color as top All players wearing visible undergarments must wear the same color
Mouthpieces:
All players must wear a professionally made mouthpiece Field players may have no protruding tabs
*Any player not listed on the roster and/or in the score book by name and correct uniform number is an illegal substitute.
**This does not apply to medical sleeves.
Other Equipment Allowed: Close-fitting gloves Nose guards Eye guards Soft headgear Medically needed protection-must be close-fitting, lightweight, and padded where necessary Medic-Alert necklace or bracelet-must be taped securely to player Barrettes-may not endanger other players
Equipment Not Allowed: Jewelry, except as mentioned above Barrettes that could cause harm to other players Anything that could endanger anyone on the field (decided by officials) Equipment that does not comply with rules or manufacturer’s specifications
Note: The umpire may, at any time, rule any decoration as dangerous and remove it from the field of play. The umpire can penalize this as a minor foul. Violating these rules can result in removal of the offending player until correction is made, unless the correction can be made without delay. Play will be restarted with a free position for the opponent.
If a mouth guard or jewelry violation is discovered immediately after a goal, the goal still counts and free position is taken at center circle. If the player is not ready to reenter when play is restarted, she may not reenter until the umpire says she may at a stoppage of play. She will then be placed one step onto the field from the boundary at the center line.
IIID. Uniforms and Equipment for Goalies
The goalkeeper has one of the most important jobs on the field. She’s the last line of defense, and as such, her responsibilities are enormous. She’s the one who makes the saves, who puts herself in the line of fire for her team. She can make or break a game.
In recognition of the fact that goalies have a tough job, their equipment is much different than that of field players. They wear more protection and use a different stick. The exact specifications for goalkeeper equipment are listed below.
The Goalie Crosse
Uniforms and Equipment
Detailed Manufacturer’s Specifications for Uniforms
The Goalkeeper Crosse
Goalie crosses may be wooden or synthetic. The head of the stick is basically triangular and is affixed to the handle in such a way that it is on the same plane as the handle (i.e., not at an angle). For the safety of all the players, the crosse must be free from all sharp or protruding parts or edges.
The pocket of the crosse must be strung with 6 or 7 leather or synthetic thongs, and may be cross-laced or mesh. The ball must be able to move freely within the pocket.
Dimensions of the Goalkeeper Crosse
Overall length:
35.5″-48″
Head width, inside:
no more than 12″
Head width, outside:
no more than 13″
Head length:
16″
Head depth:
unlimited
Weight:
No more than 26 ounces
Uniforms and other Equipment for Goalies For more general information on what is and is not allowed on the field, see Uniforms and Other Equipment for Field Players. For information on goalie-specific equipment, see below.
Optional, depending on institution:
Padding:
Arms, legs, and shoulders Must be the same thickness as legal goalie gloves May not significantly increase size of these body parts
Gloves:
1″ thick padding No webbing May not significantly increase hand size as presented to ball
Required: Helmet with face mask Mouth piece (Protruding tab okay) Throat protector Chest protector Shirt worn over chest protector
Note: The umpire may, at any time, rule any decoration as dangerous and remove it from the field of play. The umpire can penalize this as a minor foul. Violating these rules can result in removal of the offending player until correction is made, unless the correction can be made without delay. Play will be restarted with a free position for the opponent.
If a mouth guard or jewelry violation is discovered immediately after a goal, the goal still counts and free position is taken at center circle. If the player is not ready to reenter when play is restarted, she may not reenter until the umpire says she may at a stoppage of play. She will then be placed one step onto the field from the boundary at the center line.
What happens if my equipment doesn’t meet these specifications on inspection?
Back to Women’s Rules
IV. Game Play
IVA. How to Start the Game
Each game half and overtime period is started by a draw at the center line between opposing players. In the draw, the players stand with one foot toeing the center line, holding their crosses in the air, above hip level, lower side to lower side, angle to collar, parallel to and above the center line and back to back, so that the crosses are between the ball and their own team’s goal. On the word “ready” the players remain motionless until the whistle is blown, at which time they draw their crosses up and away from one another.
After each goal, the game is started in the same way, except in the case of an equipment violation. All player’s feet must be outside the center circle until the whistle is blown.
At the draw, the ball must attain a height higher tan the heads of the players taking the draw. An illegal draw will result in a free position for the opponent.
If both players draw illegally or the fault cannot be determined, a throw is awarded.
For the free position, the player who drew illegally is placed on either side, 4.4 yards away, at an angle of 45 degrees to the center line of her team’s goal. For the throw the players remain at the center.
IVB. Scoring
The team who makes the most goals is the winner of the game. A goal occurs when the whole ball passes completely over the goal line, between the posts, and under the crossbar. (For definition of these terms, click here.)
A goal does not occur when:
it is made by a nonplayer
the ball comes off the person of an attacking player
the ball enters the goal after the whistle has blown or the horn sounded
the shooting player followed through over the goal circle with her body or crosse
an attacking player other than the shooter has entered the goal circle
the goalkeeper, while in the goal circle, is interfered with by an attacking player
the umpire has ruled that the shot was dangerous
the ball enters the goal while the attacking team has an illegal player on the field
the ball was shot from an illegal crosse
Note: The goalie’s crosse must meet field crosse specifications to score a goal.
IVC. Ties and Playoffs
If, when the clock stops, the score is tied, the following method is suggested:
At the end of the game, each team has a five-minute rest and then a coin toss for choice of ends.
Two three-minute periods of stop-clock overtime will be played. After each three-minute period, the clock will be stopped to allow the teams to change ends with no delay for coaching. The game will be restarted by a center draw. The team that is ahead after six minutes is the winner.
If the teams are tied after six minutes, the teams will have a three minute rest and then switch ends.
The winner will be decided on a “sudden victory,” six-minute or less stop-clock overtime, with teams changing ends after three minutes. The game will be restarted with a center draw, and the team that scores the first goal, wins.
If no goal is scored during this time, play will continue with six minute “sudden victory” stop-clock overtime periods, with three minutes in between, until a goal is scored.
For a one-day tournament, it’s recommended that teams skip the first six minute overtime and go immediately to “sudden victory.”
To eliminate playoff games during the season, leagues should devise a scoring system for standings within the league-e. g., 2 points for a win, 1 point for a tie, and no points for a loss.
IVD. Timing and Stopping
Playing time is agreed upon before the game by the captains. Usually the maximum time allowed is 50 minutes, or 60 minutes for college play. Halftime duration is also agreed upon by the captains or coaches, but may last no more than 10 minutes. Time out can be taken for illness, accident or injury.
Play should be as continuous as possible. However, the clock is stopped for the following:
The umpire’s whistle and arm signal after each goal during the entire game, unless: Coaches have agreed prior to game to let the clock run after goals; A team is leading by more than 10 goals. Stop clock begins again after the lead is narrowed to less than 10 goals.
The umpire’s whistle to stop play in the last two minutes of each half.
Unusual circumstances-for example, broken crosse, lost ball, animal on field, spectator interference, delay of game, to check a crosse, or for warnings or suspensions. In these instances, time out is at the discretion of the umpire.
One time out per team, per half, by request of a coach or player after a goal is scored. Time outs may not be taken during overtime play. These time outs are 2 minutes long, starting from when the umpire calls the time out. Warning horns will sound at 1minute 45 seconds and again at 2 minutes; it is the responsibility of coaches to gather their teams and get them back on the field. A delay in the game will be penalized by free position at the center.
Dangerous weather or field conditions, at the discretion of the umpire. The game in this case may be suspended (to be played on another day) or interrupted (to be played later on the same day), and is considered legal and complete if 80% of the playing time has elapsed. A suspended game will begin again from the beginning, and an interrupted game will begin at the point it was interrupted.
IVE. Stand, Throw, and Out-of-Bounds
A stand occurs when the umpire blows the whistle and no player (except the goalie and her deputy within the circle) may move unless directed by the umpire until the game has been restarted. Any player that moves must return to her original position.
When the ball goes out-of-bounds, the umpire blows the whistle and the players must stand. The player nearest to the place where the ball went out-of-bounds stands 4.4 yards inside the boundary and takes the ball in her crosse. If two opposing players are equally near the ball, a throw is taken. Other players must maintain their same relationship relative to the other players at the time the whistle was blown, except the player with the ball, who must be given one meter of clear space by her opponents. Upon the umpire’s signal and whistle, the game may proceed. (Note: Play may not be resumed within 8.8 yards of the goal circle.)
The Throw The two players must stand with feet and crosses at least l meter (1.1 yards) apart. Each is nearer to the goal she is defending.
The umpire stands 4-8 meters (4.4- 8.8 yards) from the players, and, on the whistle, throws the ball with a short high throw so that the players take it as they move in towards the game.
The throw is taken where the incident occurs (except that no throw may be taken within 8 meters (8.8 yards) of the goal circle or 4 meters (4.4 yards) of the agreed boundaries).
No player may be within 4 meters (4.4 yards) of the players taking the throw. If the throw is inaccurate or is not touched by either player, the throw is taken again.
A throw is taken when:
The ball goes into the goal off of a non-player (see Scoring). In this case, the throw is taken to the side of the goal by the two opposing field players nearest to the goal.
The ball goes out-of-bounds and two opposing players are equally near the ball. (See above.)
There is an incident unrelated to the ball and players are equidistant from the ball (See Accident, interference, or other incident).
A ball lodges in the clothing of a field player or umpire (see Ball lodged in clothing or crosse).
Two players commit offsetting fouls (major and/or minor) (see Major and minor fouls), or, after the attacking team fouls during a slow whistle situation, the game is restarted. After any incident related to the ball, unless caused by a foul, when neither team has possession and two opposing players are equally near the ball (see Accident, interference, or other incident).
Both players draw illegally or it cannot be determined why the draw was illegal.
The game is stopped for any reason not specified in the rules.
IVF. Substitutions
Substitution is unlimited and can be made whenever the ball is not in play. Re-entry is also permitted. If the game is restarted without a player who was removed due to an equipment violation, and no substitute has taken her place, she may return only with the umpire’s recognition at a stoppage of play. She will be placed one step into the field from the boundary at the center line.
Substitution procedures are as follows:
The sub reports to the scorer’s table and tells the scorer whom she is replacing (name and number).
The sub remains at the scorer’s table until she’s told, at the next stop in play, to go in.
If the substitution is being made at any time besides at half time, after a goal, or during a team time out, the sub may not reenter until the timer sounds a horn at the first stop in play. Only players who have checked in with the scorer may reenter.
During an injury time out, a substitute may enter provided no time is wasted.
Time out is not taken specifically for substitution, and the time taken for substitution may not exceed 10 seconds.
Substitution may be allowed if a player is suspended due to misconduct. This substitution may take no longer than 1 minute.
The umpire will call all substitutes onto the field simultaneously.
All substitutes must assume the same location as the player they are replacing, and no advantage may be gained by substitution.
There may be no exchange of positions on the field during a substitution unless it occurs after a goal.
If an illegal substitution is made, the umpire will call a time out and remove the illegal player. A free position will go to the opposing team at the spot where play was set to begin again. For breach of this rule simultaneously (Note to client: What does this mean?) the umpire will award a throw at the spot where play was to resume.
If a team has an illegal player on the field before a goal is scored, the player will be removed and a free position will go to the opposing team at the spot where play was set to resume before the discovery of the illegal player. If that spot can’t be determined, play will begin at the spot where the ball was upon discovery of the error.
If an illegal player is discovered on the attacking team after a goal is made and before play is restarted, the goal won’t count, the player will be removed, and a free position will go to the opposing goalie.
IVG. Special Situations
Ball Lodged in Clothing or Crosse
When the ball lodges:
In the clothing of a field player–A throw is taken with the nearest opponent;
In the crosse of a field player–The crosse no longer meets specifications and must be removed from the game immediately. The umpire will take time-out remove the crosse. (See Umpires’ Inspection of Equipment.)
In the goal netting or in the protective equipment, the clothing, or the crosse of the goalkeeper while she is within the goal circle–She removes the ball, places it in her crosse, and proceeds with the game.
In the clothing of an umpire–A throw is taken by the two nearest opponents.
Accident, Interference, or Other Incident
If the game has to be stopped due to an accident, injury or illness, interference, or an incident either related or unrelated to the ball at the time the whistle is blown, the game is restarted in one of the two ways:
If a foul has occurred, a free position is awarded on a spot determined by the umpire.
If no foul is involved in the stoppage of play, the ball is given to the player possessing or nearest to the ball at the time play was stopped. If two players are equidistant from the ball, a throw is taken. Play must not be restarted within 8-meters (18.8 yards) of the goal circle or within 4 meters (4.4 yards) of the agreed boundaries.
Time-out is called at the discretion of the umpire. During time-out, no one from the sidelines may come onto the field without the permission of the umpire and no sideline personnel may come onto the field to coach, nor may any player leave her area of the field to be coached.
If medical personnel or coaches come onto the field to attend an injured player, that player must leave the field until the next stoppage of play. A substitute may take her place. If the player is not replaced she may return–with the umpire’s permission–at a stoppage of play. She will be placed one step onto the field from the boundary at the center line. If the injured player is the goalkeeper and there is no other “dressed” goalkeeper on her team, the goalkeeper may remain in the game.
Back to Women’s rules
V. Major Fouls
Major fouls include:
Rough and reckless checking
Slashing fouls
Crosse in opponent’s face
Hooking opponent’s crosse
Blocking
Obstructing the free space to the goal
Remaining in 8-meter arc
Setting pick outside of opponent’s view
Detaining
Tripping
Forcing crosse through opponent’s
Charging
Dangerous follow-through
Dangerous shooting
Shooting from indirect free position
Checking on younger teams
Repeated violation of minor fouls
VA. Rough and reckless checking
A player may not roughly or recklessly check or tackle another player’s crosse or reach across an opponent to check her crosse when she is level with or behind her.
The direction of all checks must be away from a seven inch sphere around the head. A crosse may be checked toward the body only if the check or tackle is controlled and the crosse does not go into this sphere. However, a player may reach into the sphere to make a safe check or tackle.
A players’ crosse may not may hit or cause her opponent’s crosse to hit the opponent’s body.
VB. Slashing fouls
Players may not slash. If a check makes contact with player’s head or slashing occurs, the whistle is blown immediately and a yellow or red card must be given. If slashing occurs in the critical scoring area, a slow whistle is in effect; however, when the scoring play is over, a yellow or red card must be given.
VC. Crosse in opponent’s face
A player may not hold her crosse within the sphere around the face or throat of an opponent. Neither may a player hold, whether cradling or not, the head of her crosse in front of her face or her teammate’s face, within the sphere, or close to her own or her teammate’s body, thereby making a legal and safe check impossible.
VD. Hooking opponent’s crosse
A player may not use the webbed area of her crosse to hook the bottom end of an opponent’s crosse.
VE. Blocking
A player may not block her opponent; that is, she may not move into the path of an opponent without giving that player a chance to stop or change direction.
Body-to-body contact is either charging or blocking. Crosse-to-crosse contact is either a legal or illegal check. Body-to-crosse contact is either detaining, blocking, or no call.
VF. Obstructing the free space to the goal
A player may not, with any part of her body, guard the goal outside the goal circle in such a way that the free space to the goal (between the ball and the goal circle) is obstructed, denying the attack the opportunity to shoot safely and encouraging shooting at a player.
This positioning applies only if initiated by a defender who is not intentionally marking, within a stick’s length, the player in possession. It does not apply if she is drawn into the free space to the goal by an attacking player. This call should be made only if the player with the ball is looking to shoot. If she is being double- or triple- teamed and she has no opportunity to shoot the goal, the call should not be made.
VG. Remaining in 8-meter arc
While defending within the 8-meter arc, a player may not remain in that area for more than 3 seconds, unless she is marking an opponent within a stick’s length.
The defense is not exempt from the 3-second and/or the obstruction of the free space to goal rule by virtue of double-teaming/multiple-teaming a non-ball attack player in the arc. The 3-second count will continue against the original nonmarking defense player within the arc until there is again only one defender on the non-ball attacker.
A defensive player, who is marking an unmarked opponent standing directly behind the goal circle is exempt from the 3-second rule, but is must obey the obstruction of the free space to goal rule.(See diagram).
A defense player who is marking an unmarked opponent standing directly behind the goal circle cannot be penalized for the 3-second rule when drawn into a double or multiple team by the attacking non-ball players.
The 3-second rule is in effect when the team in possession of the ball crosses the ball over the center line into their attacking half of the field.
VH. Setting pick outside of opponent’s view
If a player sets a moving or stationary pick outside of an opponent’s line of sight which doesn’t allow enough time or space to stop or change direction and, as a result, contact occurs, it is considered a major foul.
VI. Detaining
A player may not detain an opponent at anytime by holding, tagging, or pushing against the opponent’s body, clothing, or crosse with her arm, leg, body, or crosse. A player may not hold her crosse in a way that restrains or holds a player back.
VJ. Tripping
A player may not trip an opponent, deliberately or otherwise.
VK. Forcing crosse through opponent’s
A player in possession may not try to force her crosse through an opposing crosse in such a way as to cause her own crosse to contact her body.
VL. Charging
No player may charge, barge, shoulder, or back into an opponent, or push an opponent with the hand or body.
VM. Dangerous follow-through
At no time may a player propel the ball or follow through with her crosse in a way that is dangerous or uncontrolled. When violation of this rule occurs, the whistle is blown immediately and a yellow or red card must be given.
VN. Dangerous shooting
A player may not shoot dangerously or without control. A dangerous shot is judged by its distance, force, and placement.
A shot should not be directed at the body of a field player or goalkeeper, and especially should not be directed towards the head or neck. This wouldn’t apply if the player had moved into the path of the ball. A shot may be uncontrolled even if it misses the goal.
Any shot taken without regard to the positioning of other players is dangerous. Penalty for a dangerous shot is a free position for the goalie.
VO. Shooting from indirect free position
A player may not shoot from an indirect free position.
VP. Checking on younger teams
Players on 7th grade and lower teams may not check the crosse of an opponent. Crosse-to-crosse contact is not necessarily a violation of this rule.
VQ. Repeated violation of minor fouls
Repeated violation of minor fouls should be penalized as major fouls. Any minor foul done in a dangerous manner may be penalized as a Major Foul. During a slow whistle situation, if there are additional major or minor fouls by the defense, the attack will be awarded the ball at the 8-meter hash mark nearest to the most recent foul at the end of the unsuccessful scoring play.
VI. Minor Fouls
The penalties for minor fouls are outlined in the penalty section. Minor fouls are as follows:
Guarding a ground ball with the foot or crosse.
Checking or tackling an opponent’s crosse when trying to get possession of the ball. This applies only if it were possible for the opponent to have received the ball.
Guarding the crosse with an arm. If one hand is removed from the crosse, the free hand may not be used to ward off an opponent, deliberately or otherwise, with or without contact. Nor may elbows be used to protect the crosse.
Touching the ball with the hand, unless the player doing so is a goalie in the goal circle or when the ball is lodged in clothing or crosse.
Using the hand or body to keep the ball in the crosse, e.g., squeezing the head of the crosse.
A player allowing any part of her body to impede, accelerate, or change the direction of the ball to her team’s distinct advantage. However, if the goalkeeper blatantly attempts to stop a shot on goal by playing the ball off her body while outside the goal circle, it will be considered a Major Foul.
Throwing the crosse, in any circumstance.
A player taking part in the game when she is not holding her crosse.
Drawing illegally–either by drawing too soon, when no attempt is made to draw up and away, or the player taking the draw moves after the umpire says “ready” and before the umpire’s whistle.
Stepping into the center circle before the whistle on the center draw before the whistle.
Playing with a crosse that does not meet specifications.
Adjusting the strings/thongs of her crosse after an official inspection of her crosse has been requested during the game. The crosse must then be removed.
Unreadiness to start play after a 2 minute team time out (see Duration of play) or following half time.
A player who takes part in the game when she is wearing jewelry or when her uniform does not meet specifications (see Uniforms and equipment ).
Illegal substitution.
Requesting, for a second time, the inspection of any crosse that meets specifications. (See Umpire’s inspection of equipment).
Moving before the whistle starts play, i.e. false start.
Intentionally delaying the game. This includes a failure to stand when the whistle is blown to stop play (creeping), the failure to move 4 meters away on a free position, and/or any type of behavior which in the umpires’ opinion amounts to delay.
The failure to properly wear a mouth piece.
Deliberately causing the ball to go out of bounds.
Scoring a goal with a crosse that does not meet field crosse specifications.
VII. Goal Circle Fouls
A field player may not enter or have any part of her body in the goal circle at any time, unless she is deputizing for the goalkeeper or enter or remain in the goal circle illegally as a deputy
Neither the goalkeeper nor her deputy may allow the ball to remain in the goal circle for longer than 10 seconds. Nor may they, when inside the goal circle, reach the goal circle to play the ball in the ground with a hand.
When any part of her is grounded outside the goal circle, the goalie may not draw the ball into her goal. The goalie also cannot step back into the goal circle when in possession of the ball or, when outside the goal circle, throw any part of her equipment to her deputy.
See Goal circle rules and Penalties for goal circle violations.
VIII. Misconduct and Suspensions
A player must not:
conduct herself in a rough, dangerous, and/or unsportsmanlike manner;
persistently cause infringement of the rules;
deliberately endanger the safety of an opposing player; or
exhibit any type of behavior which in the umpire’s opinion amounts to misconduct.
Additionally:
A non-participating team member must remain in her team area throughout the game.
A coach must not stand near or walk in from the opposing bench, and must remain behind the level of the scorer’s table extended.
The umpire has the power to, without warning, suspend the further participation of and/or send from the field any player, coach, or team follower guilty of flagrant or repeated violation of the rules, dissent, misconduct, or abusive language.
If a team leaves the field and refuses to play, score of the game shall stand, providing the team remaining on the field was ahead when they left. Otherwise, the score of the game will be 1-0 in favor of the team remaining on the field.
If a suspended player, coach or person officially connected with the team refuses to leave the area, the official may declare a forfeit. The score of a forfeited game will be 1-0 in favor of the non-offending team.
See Penalties for misconduct and suspensions.
IX. Penalties
The penalty for fouls is either a free position or the issuance of cards. In the event two players commit offsetting fouls, a throw is taken.
The penalty for repeated major fouls and any unsportsmanlike acts of a violent nature by a player occurring anywhere on the field could be administered at the 8-meter arc of the offending team. Time out is taken. The free position is taken by the closest player on the field to the center hash mark. No players are moved except one taking the free position and as necessary to clear 8-meter arc. Play is resumed with the whistle.
IXA. Free Position
Placement of Players All players except the goalkeeper (who, while within the goal circle, may adjust her position) must “stand” when the whistle blows. The umpire indicates where the player taking the free position is to stand
No player or her crosse is allowed within 4 meters (4.4 yards) of the player taking the free position; if anyone is within this distance she must move to a position indicated by the umpire.
For major fouls anywhere on the field, the offending player will stand 4 meters (4.4 yards) behind the player taking the free position (unless the offending player is a goalkeeper who committed a goal circle foul; see Placement of players in special situations: goal circle fouls). This also applies to the goalkeeper or her deputy whether she is within or outside the goal circle. A verbal caution or warning may be given. (See Issuance of Cards.)
For minor fouls, the offending player will stand 4 meters (4.4 yards) away in the direction from which she approached before committing the foul. This applies to the goalkeeper if she is wholly outside the goal circle.
No free position may be taken closer to the goal circle than 8-meters (8.8 yards) except by the goalkeeper, who may be awarded a free position inside the goal circle. (See Placement of players in special situations: goal circle fouls.)
Resumption of Play The player awarded the free position takes the ball in her crosse. On the arm signal and whistle from the umpire, the game is restarted and the player may run, pass or shoot.
The exception to this is the player taking an indirect free position, who may not shoot until the ball has been played by some other player. (See Placement of Players in Special Situations: Minor Field Fouls in the Critical Scoring Area.)
Placement of Players in Special Situations In the critical scoring area, outside the 8-meter arc: For a major foul by a defense player, the free position will be taken on the spot of the most recent foul. All players’ bodies and crosses must be cleared sideways from the penalty lane, relative to their position at the time of the whistle. The goalkeeper in the penalty lane may clear back into the goal circle if she did not foul.
In the 8-meter arc: For a major foul by a defense player which occurs in the 8-meter arc, all players’ bodies and crosses must be cleared from the 8-meter arc and penalty lane, if necessary. The goalkeeper may clear back into the goal circle if she did not foul. All players must take the shortest route out.*
The player who fouled will move to a hash mark near the spot of the foul, on the 8-meter arc. The player who fouled moves to the meter fan directly behind the player taking the free position.
For a major foul by a defense player which occurs outside the 8-meter arc, and the scoring play ends inside the 8-meter arc without an additional foul occurring, the free position will be taken on the spot of the foul either by the player who was fouled or the attack player nearest the spot of the foul. All players’ bodies and crosses must be cleared sideways from the penalty lane relative to their position at the time of the whistle.
For a major foul by an attack player (except a dangerous shot; see Major Fouls: Shooting Dangerously) the free position must be taken at least 8 meters (8.8 yards) from the goal circle. If the goalkeeper was fouled within the goal circle, the free position is taken within the goal circle and the offending player must go 4 meters (4.4 yards) behind the goal circle.
* In taking the shortest route out of the arc, the arc is cleared relative to one position inside the arc. The intent of clearing the arc is not to further penalize the defense. In other words, if a defense player is ball-side of an offensive player when the whistle is blown, the defense is entitled to a ball-side position on the arc, not necessarily at hash mark. If a defensive player is not ball-side when the game is stopped, she is not entitled to that position on the arc.
Minor fouls Outside the 12-meter fan The placement for all minor fouls shall be the same as for anywhere on the field and the penalty lane will not be cleared.
Inside the 12-meter fan For a minor foul by a defense player occurring in the 12-meter fan when the slow whistle rule is not in effect, the player fouled will move to the nearest spot on the 12-meter fan. All other players shall remain in their same positions, with the exception of the fouling defense player. She must move 4 meters from the player taking the free position, relative to their position at the time of the foul. This is an indirect free position and no shot may be made by the player taking this free position until the ball has been played by some other player.
For a minor foul by an attack player, the player fouled will take the free position on the spot or within the provisions of rules outlined in Placement of players, above. No free position may be taken closer to the goal circle than 8 meters (8.8 yards), unless the goalkeeper has been fouled within the goal circle.
Umpires are encouraged to hold their whistle in the event that a Minor Foul is committed by a defense player at a time when the attack player may have the opportunity to shoot.
Goal Circle Fouls The penalty for an illegal deputy is the same as the penalty for a major foul. The free position will be awarded to the attack at the 8-meter center hash mark, the deputy will be put 4 meters behind, and the goalkeeper may NOT clear back into the goal circle. (See Goal Circle Fouls.)
The penalty for all other goal circle fouls by the defense shall be an indirect free position taken 12 meters (13.1 yards) out to either side, level with the goal line. The offending player, except the goalkeeper, shall be placed 4 meters from the player taking the free position. The goalkeeper remains on the spot of the foul, or, if she was within or partially within the goal circle, she remains inside the circle.
The penalty for goal circle fouls by the attack shall be a free position taken by the goalkeeper or her deputy within the goal circle.
Special circumstances surrounding free position placement If any foul prevented an almost certain goal, the umpire can order the goalkeeper out from between such a free position and the goal.
The free position for the defense may not be taken within 8 meters (8.8 yards) of the goal circle except in the case of the goalkeeper, who may be in the goal circle if she was fouled within the goal circle. The penalty for a dangerous shot shall be a free position taken by the goalkeeper within the goal circle. The player who fouled is placed 4 meters behind the goal circle.
Implementation of the Slow Whistle A slow whistle is a held whistle with a signal flag thrown. A slow whistle is in response to a major foul by the defense in the critical scoring area when an attack player is on a scoring play. If the scoring play is unsuccessful, the foul is then penalized.
A slow whistle is in effect in the following instances:
when an attack player in the critical scoring area is on a scoring play and is fouled by the defense committing a Major Foul but retains possession of the ball; or
when an attack player in the critical scoring area is on a scoring play and a Major Foul is committed against an attack teammate without the ball.
Exceptions:
The umpire immediately blows the whistle when there is an obstruction of the free space to goal.
The umpire may, at any time following the flag, blow the whistle to halt potentially dangerous play.
A scoring play is a continuous effort by the attacking team to move the ball toward the goal and to complete a shot on goal. The scoring play is over when:
A shot is taken.
The attacking team loses possession of the ball. A bounce pass is not considered loss of possession.
The attacking team passes or carries the ball behind the level of the goal line a second time.
The attacking team stops the continuous attempt to score, or the player with the ball is forced by the defense to lose her forward momentum.
The attacking team fouls.
Enforcement of the slow whistle If a scoring play ends without a goal being scored, the umpire will blow the whistle, and will award a free position to the fouled player or the attack player nearest the spot of the foul.
The offending or nearest defense player is penalized according to the penalties for major fouls. The next nearest defense player may move to 4 meters (4.4 yards) relative to the player with the ball. All players and their crosses must move out of the penalty lane until play is restarted.
During a slow whistle situation, if additional major or minor fouls are committed by the defense, the attack will be awarded the ball at the 8-meter hash mark nearest to the most recent foul at the end of the unsuccessful scoring play. The goalkeeper may return to her goal circle if:
She has moved outside and made interception or any legal play on a slow whistle, thus ending the scoring play.
She has moved outside the circle and gained possession of ball on an out-of-bounds slow whistle, thus ending the scoring play.
She has moved outside the goal circle on a slow whistle and is fouled by the attack ending the scoring play.
She is in the arc when the whistle blows, she has not fouled, and the arc is to be cleared.
She is in the penalty lane when the whistle blows, she has not fouled, and the penalty lane is to be cleared.
If, during a slow whistle situation, the attack player or one of her teammates commits a foul, it will be treated as an offsetting foul and a throw will be taken. The throw must be taken out to the side of the field and midway between the two occurrences, but no closer than 8 meters (8.8 yards) from the goal.
IXB. Issuance of Cards
Due to Delay of Game The first violation of the minor foul of intentionally delaying the game should be followed by a green card given to the team captain. A change of possession takes place if applicable for the minor foul.
On the next delay of game the umpire will show a green and yellow card to the offending player and award the appropriate penalty. The offending player may remain in the game.
Any subsequent delay of game offense results in a green and red card being given to the offending player and the appropriate penalty being awarded. The player receiving the green/red card must leave the field for 3 minutes of elapsed playing time. A substitute may take her place. The official timer will be responsible for timing 3 minutes and indicating to the umpire when the player may return. If the player is removed with less than 3 minutes remaining in the half, suspension will carry over to the second half or overtime period.
Time-out must be called to administer a card.
Due to Misconduct and Suspension The penalty for misconduct and suspension fouls is the same as for all major fouls. In addition to awarding a free position, the umpire may issue any number of verbal cautions and/or issue a yellow or red card. Time out must be called administer warnings and suspensions.
The umpire may warn the offending player by showing a yellow card. The player receiving the yellow card must leave the field until the next stoppage of play. A substitute may take her place. If the player receiving the yellow card is the goalkeeper and there is no other “dressed” goalkeeper for her team, the goalkeeper may remain in the game.
The umpire will, on further offenses, suspend the player from further participation in that game. The suspension will be noted by showing a red card. A suspended player may be replaced by a substitute but no player may reenter the game except as noted in the rules for substitution.
In the event a coach or team follower is warned or suspended, play is restarted within one minute, with a free position going to the opponent nearest the ball when play was stopped. The suspended team follower or coach must leave the area (including the spectator area) of the game.
In the event the umpire cannot identify which member of the coaching staff or other person associated with the team is responsible for the misconduct, the head coach will be assessed the penalty.
In the event that any team follower is to be warned or suspended, the head coach will be assessed the penalty.
X. College Restraining Line Rule
XA. Synopsis of the Rule
The restraining line rule is for use in College play ONLY.
The restraining line is at each end of the field, 27 meters (30 yards) from the goal line. The line should be solid and extend fully from one side of the field to the other.
Seven attack players are allowed over the line in their offensive end. Eight defense players are allowed over the line in their defensive end. Players may exchange places during play, but players must have both feet out before another teammate can enter.
Any part of the foot over the line is considered a violation. Players may reach over with their stick to play the ball as long as no part of the foot is over the line.
The restraining line remains in effect at all times during the entire game. Violation of the restraining line is considered a major foul. The umpire will indicate a violation by raising his or her arm straight up over the head.
XB. Rules Affected
The following rules would be affected by the addition of the restraining line rule:
The Field A solid line, 27 meters (30 yd.) upfield from each goal line, will extend across the width of the field. (See diagram.)
Scoring A goal is not scored when the ball enters the goal at a time when the attacking team has more than seven players over the restraining line.
Team Fouls A team must not have more than seven players over the restraining line in their offensive end nor have more than eight players over the restraining line in their defensive end.
Penalties For Major/Minor/Team Fouls If the attack fouls, the closest defender below the restraining line is awarded a free position 4m ahead of the line. Closest attack from below the restraining line is placed on the restraining line 4m behind the player taking the free position.
If it cannot be determined where the foul occurred or which attack player was last over the line, the closest defender below the restraining line will take the free position in the center of the field, 4m ahead of the line. The closest attack from below the restraining line is placed on the restraining line 4m behind the player taking the free position.
If the attack has possession of the ball the whistle should sound as soon as the violation occurs.
If the attack is offsides, but the defense gains possession of the ball before the foul can be called, the umpire may hold whistle and not penalize the offsides if the defense is able to maintain the advantage and clear over the restraining line to go on attack.
If the defense fouls and the attack with the ball is outside the critical scoring area when the violation is called, the attack will be awarded a free position at that spot, the closest defender will go 4m behind and the defender closest to the restraining line will move back onside.
If the defense fouls and the attack with the ball is inside the critical scoring area when the violation is called, the attack will be awarded a free position at the top center of the 12-meter fan. The closest defender will go 4m behind, the defender closest to the restraining line will move back onside, and the penalty lane will be cleared.
If the defense fouls and the play ends with another major foul by the defense inside the 8-meter arc, penalize this foul, not the offside foul. If the major foul is outside the 8-meter arc, but inside the 12-meter fan, penalize this foul, not the offside foul. If the major foul is outside the 12-meter fan but inside critical scoring area, penalize the offside foul; that is, move the free position up to the top center of the 12-meter fan and clear lane.
Violation of the restraining line by the defense may be a held whistle; the umpire must evaluate whether the attack is on a scoring play/maintaining advantage. The umpire may tell the defense to move back onside during the held whistle.
XC. Game Situations
The following are situations that may occur during a game when the restraining line rule is in effect. The rulings in this section should be considered official decisions.
Both the attack and the defense are offsides. RULING: A throw is awarded for offsetting fouls. The player on each team who is closest to the restraining line should be moved back onside. The umpire should pick one player from each team closest to the spot where the play ended, below the restraining line, to take the throw. The umpire should avoid taking the throw too close to the restraining line.
The umpire is holding whistle on an offsides by the defense because the attack is on a scoring play. The attack shoots on goal but follows through over the goal circle, thus committing a goal circle foul. RULING: A throw is awarded for offsetting fouls. The defense player closest to the restraining line should be placed back onside. The umpire should pick one player from each team and administer a throw. The throw should not be taken within 8-meters of the goal circle.
The ball is below the restraining line with the attack in possession. Defense causes a turnover but the whistle then sounds for an offsides foul by the defense. Where is the free position taken? RULING: If the ball is outside the critical scoring area, the free position is awarded at that spot. If the ball is inside the critical scoring area, the free position is awarded at the top center of the 12-meter fan. The nearest attack player is moved to the spot of the free position and the nearest defender is placed 4 meters behind. The defender closest to the restraining line will move back onside.
The goalkeeper has moved outside her goal circle to play the ball behind goal and within the critical scoring area, when offside is called on the defense. Is the goalkeeper allowed to return to the goal circle, as the free position is to be awarded to the attack at the top of the 12-meter arc? RULING: The goalkeeper may move back into her goal circle as long as she has not committed any other foul. This situation is similar to the goalkeeper being allowed to return to the goal circle on a slow whistle.
The goalkeeper is outside the critical scoring area when offside is called on the defense. RULING: The goalkeeper may not return to the goal circle-no matter where the free position is to be taken.
The attack shoots and scores a goal. The umpire immediately realizes that the attack is offsides. RULING: The umpire should sound her whistle, have everyone stand, and indicate no goal. The closest defense player below the restraining line is awarded a free position 4 meters ahead of the line. The closest attack player below the line is placed on the restraining line 4 meters behind the player taking the free position.
XD. Umpiring Suggestions
The following suggestions are offered by umpires who used the restraining line during the fall intercollegiate season.
In the three umpire system, any of the three umpires may make the offsides call. During play, the deep trail umpire (either A or B) is in the best position to monitor the restraining line. Consider setting up on or slightly below the line and turning so you can see the line as well as the area around goal.
In the two umpire system, the trail official should monitor the restraining line.
The trail umpire must be prepared to quickly transition downfield to become lead, should the defense gain possession of the ball. Fast breaks happen much more often, as there are now four players already downfield who are usually ahead of the umpires when the ball changes possession.
The attack is being called for offsides. The trail official, after making the call, should move ahead of the play, allowing one of her partners to set up and administer the free position.
When counting players for each team, count the four players behind the line rather than the seven players over the line. Count the attack players first and then the defense, or, if the attack and the defense have paired up, count four sets rather than eight individuals.
The players behind the restraining line do not always line up along the line. Be sure to look all the way back downfield when counting. Be aware that they also go to the sideline to talk with their coach.
All non-participating players must remain in their bench area. Do not allow them to stand along the boundary area. At times it can be very difficult to tell who is in the game and who is on the sideline. This can be critical when counting players behind the restraining line.
BLOCKING occurs when a player moves into the path of and comes into contact with a player possessing the ball, without giving that player a chance to stop or change direction. When a player is running to receive the ball, a “blind side” defense player must give her enough time and/or space to change her direction.
BODY CHECKING is a technique whereby a defender follows each movement of an opponent’s body and crosse with her body without actual body contact, causing the opponent to slow down, change direction, or pass off.
CHARGING occurs when the player in possession pushes into, shoulders, or backs into an opponent who has already established her position (but who is not necessarily stationary), making bodily contact with her.
CLEAR is any action taken by a player within the goal circle to pass or carry the ball out of the goal circle.
CLEAR SPACE indicates the space between players which is free of crosses or any parts of the body.
CRITICAL SCORING AREA is an area at the end of the field where the attacking team is shooting for the goal. Its boundaries are approximately 15 meters (16.3 yards) in front of the goal circle to 9 meters (10 yards) behind the goal circle and 15 meters (16.3 yards) to each side of the goal circle. No extra lines will be marked on the field; therefore, the critical scoring area; therefore, this area will be called at the discretion of the umpire (See diagram).
CROSSE CHECKING is an extension of body checking whereby the defender attempts to dislodge the ball from her opponent’s crosse by using controlled crosse-to-crosse contact.
DEPUTY is a player on the defensive goalkeeper’s team who may only enter or remain in the goal circle when her team is in possession of the ball and the goalkeeper is out of the goal circle.
DIRECTLY BEHIND THE GOAL CIRCLE is an area that lies between two lines which extend perpendicular and behind the goal lines extended, tangent to the goal circle (see Remaining in 8-meter arc).
8-meter ARC is an area in front of each goal circle. The area is inscribed by 2 lines which extend at 45 degree angles from the intersection of the goal circle and the extended goal line; the lines are connected by an arc marked 8-meters from the goal circle.
FIELD PLAYER is any player other than the goalkeeper, i.e., a defense or attack player whose primary responsibility encompasses an area outside the goal circle and to whom no special privileges have been awarded, according to the rules.
FREE SPACE TO GOAL is a path to the goal within the critical scoring area. This space is defined by two lines extending from the ball to the outside of the goal circle. No defense player will be penalized if positioned below the extension of the goal line. The free space to goal as defined above is the determinant for the foul of Obstructing the free space to the goal.
GREEN CARD is presented to the captain indicating a team caution for delay of game. The green card is a warning that the next team offense results in a yellow card to the offending player.
GROUNDED refers to any part of the goalkeeper’s (or her deputy’s) body touching the ground outside the goal circle for support while she attempts to play the ball from inside the goal circle.
INDIRECT FREE POSITION is the penalty awarded for a minor field foul by the defense inside the 12-meter fan. The player taking the free position may run or pass, but may not shoot until another player has played the ball. Played means, in this case, any action by the player taking the indirect free position whereby the ball leaves that player’s crosse and is touched by another player. The ball is also played when the crosse of the player taking the indirect free position is checked crosse-to-crosse by a defense player. In this instance, the ball does not have to be successfully dislodged from the crosse to be “played.”
LOWER SIDE OF CROSSE refers to the wood on a wooden crosse or the right side of a plastic crosse, as viewed with the pocket facing away.
MARKING is guarding an opponent within a stick’s length.
PENALTY LANE is the path to the goal that is cleared when a free position is awarded to the attacking team inside the critical scoring area in an area in front of the goal line. The path is defined by the imaginary parallel lines that extend from the width of the goal circle. All other players must clear this lane when a free position is awarded in front of the goal.
PICK is a technique in which a player without the ball, by her positioning, forces the opponent to take another route. To be legal, a pick must be set within the visual field of the opponent and allow enough time and space to stop or change direction.
RED CARD is given to an offending player who is suspended and must leave the game.
SCORING PLAY is a continuous effort by the attacking team to move the ball toward the goal and to complete a shot on the goal. The scoring play is over when:
a shot is taken;
the attacking team loses possession of the ball;
the attacking team passes or carries the ball behind the level of the goal line a second time;
the attacking team stops the continuous attempt to score
the player with the ball is forced by the defense to lose her forward momentum; or
the attacking team fouls.
SLASHING is the swinging of a crosse at an opponent’s crosse or body with deliberate viciousness or recklessness, even if the opponent’s crosse or body is not struck.
SLOW WHISTLE is a held whistle, with flag thrown, once the attack has entered the critical scoring area and is on a scoring play.
SPHERE is an imaginary area of 18 cm. (7″, or the average crosse width) which surrounds a player’s head.
TOEING THE LINE refers to the placement of the foot up to, but not on, the center line.
12-METER FAN is a semi-circular area in front of each goal circle which is bounded by an arc 12-meters (39′ 4″) from the goal circle.
WITHIN A STICK’S LENGTH is less than or equal to the combined length of a crosse’s and an arm’s length. It is the distance a player must be from her opponent to be actively marking this opponent.
YELLOW CARD is presented to a player who committed a foul, warning that the next offense results in a red card.
XII. Detailed Manufacturer’s Specifications
XIIA. Field Crosses
Construction Basic materials: aluminum/titanium/graphite (handle only), fiberglass, gut, leather, nylon plastic, rubber or wood. (Recessed m’ screws may be used to affix the head to handle.)
Head The head of the stick shall be triangular in concept and shall be affixed to the handle such a way that it shall basically be in the same plane as the handle.
Pocket The pocket of the stick shall be strung traditionally–i.e., four or five thongs (leather or synthetic materials) with 8-12 stitches cross lacing (NO mesh), and no more than 2 “shooting/throw” strings.
Other The crosse shall be free of all sharp protruding parts or edges, and shall, in every way, provide for the safety of all players
Dimensions
Overall length:
9m. (35 1 /2″) minimum, 1.1m. (43 1/4″) maximum.
Head:
Overall width: 23cm. (9″) maximum, 18cm (7″) minimum. Width measured 2.54cm. (1″) above center of the stop in a molded crosse or 2.54cm. (1″) above the bridge in a wooden crosse, shall be 6.7cm. (2 5/8″) to 7.6cm (3″) (inside). Width measured 2.54cm. (1″) above center of the stop in either a wooden or molded crosse shall be 7.6cm. (3″) to 10.1cm (outside). The head width is measured perpendicular to the extension of the length: 25.4cm. (10″) to 30.5cm (12″) from center of stop or bridge to the top of the head.
Walls:
Wood or molded crosse 3.2cm.(1 14″) to 4.5cm. (1 4/5″) (measured at highest point). Guard soft or woven. 3.2cm. (1 14″) to 7.0cm. (2 3/4″) (measured at highest point of wall).
Depth:
Combined measurements of pocket containing the wall with either wood or plastic wall shall not exceed 6.3cm. (2 12″) (diameter of ball).
Weight:
20 oz. maximum
XIIB. Goals
Basic material: wood or pipe Width and height: 6′ by 6′ inside measurements Posts: 2″ wide; white, orange or silver; wooden or pipe Net materials: cotton, nylon, metal mesh (not recommended), synthetic Net size: 1 12″ mesh
The netting should be attached to the posts and cross-bar and to a point no more than 6′ behind the center of the goal. The net should be anchored at the base.
The use of three-sided goals sunk firmly into the ground with no back stays is recommended. If possible, the netting should be supported from within by a back stay at each end of the cross-bar.
Any structure supporting the net between the goal should allow the goalkeeper to move freely in the back part of the goal circle. No supporting braces should be placed in the corners of the goal which would prohibit a score, i.e., ball wholly crossing the line.
If the side and bottom supports of the entire length of the goal are exposed they must be padded, unless they have flat supports or angled ground pipes which prevent the ball from re-entering the playing area after hitting the ground pipes.
XIIC. Ball
Basic material:
solid rubber
Color:
solid yellow
Circumference:
20 cm. (7 3/4″) to 20.3 cm. (8″)
Weight:
142 gm. (5 oz.) to 149 gm. (5 1/4 oz.)
Bounce test :
must have a bounce of not less than 1.1m. (43″) nor more than 1.3m. (51″) when dropped from 1.8 meters (72″) onto concrete at a temperature of approximately 18 C. (65 F.) – 23 C. (75 F.).
XIID. Uniforms
All goalkeeper’s protective equipment should be close fitting and not overly increase the size of the body parts. Goalkeeper’s glove may not contain any webbing.
Only equipment that complies with the specifications will be considered acceptable for the game of women’s lacrosse.
XIIE. Goalie Crosses
The crosse must be free of all sharp or protruding edges and must, in every way, provide for the safety of all players.
Construction:
Basic materials are aluminum, titanium, graphite (handle only), fiberglass, gut, leather, nylon, plastic, rubber, or wood. Recessed metal screws may be used to affix the head to the handle.
Head:
Triangular in concept and affixed to the handle in such a way that it will basically be in the same plane as the handle.
Head width:
As measured on a line perpendicular to the extension of the handle, inside measurement is 30cm (12″) maximum and outside is 32.5cm (13″) maximum. Length of head must be 40cm (16″) and the depth is unlimited.
Pocket:
Strung traditionally with six or seven thongs (leather or synthetic materials). Must be cross lacing or mesh.
Lacrosse Rules For Beginners (Men’s, Women’s, Boys’ Rules)
If you’re reading this article, it probably means that you’d like to learn basic lacrosse rules for beginners.
To begin with, the game of Lacrosse is played among teams.
It involves the passing of a ball to fellow teammates, with the help of a customized stick, complete with a net/mesh-like material at the top.
However, the rules of this game differ from one league to another.
In this article, we will go through all the lacrosse rules for beginners that you need to know about before you play the game.
Want to know how to play lacrosse? Learn the rules below and choose your first lacrosse stick!
Basic Lacrosse Rules For Beginners
The playing field of Lacrosse is normally 110 yards lengthwise with a width of 60 yards.
The goals stand at opposite ends and they measure 6-ft by 6-ft. There’s usually a circular line of 18-ft diameter around it.
Players aren’t allowed to score when within the circular line. Opponents can only reach the other team’s crease area via their stick.
The midfield is marked with a line ( the midfield line).
Each team on the lacrosse team should have 10 players (except for women). 4 of which play as defenders on the other half of the field. 3 take care of the remaining offensive 1/2, while the remaining 3 can play anywhere within the field.
The playing time is divided into halves, then to form 4 quarters of 12 minutes. However, the college and the kids’ lacrosse might take a slightly longer time.
When players commit fouls, they stay at the penalty box for around 1-3 minutes.
Players aren’t allowed to touch their opponents, touch the ball or be on the offside. It’s considered a foul, which is punishable.
The beginning of a game is marked by a face-off (for men lacrosse), where players from both teams lay their playing sticks horizontally, near the ball as they await the official whistle.
Players have to compete to possess the ball once the whistle is blown. And once a team dominates the other and takes possession of the ball, they swiftly move towards the Middlefield line, as they attempt to reach their opponents’ goal to score.
Teams have to change sides in between periods. And each team can only have 2 time-outs in each half.
When a ball gets out of bounds, the game has to stop. The team whose player happens to be closest to the current location of the ball possesses it.
However, in case the ball didn’t go out of bounds because of a shot, the team that didn’t touch the ball can possess it.
Men’s Lacrosse Rules for Beginners
The general rules mentioned above also apply to the lacrosse men’s game.
However, there are a few additional rules and some specifics that you should know.
They include:
Normally, the squads include 25-30 men.
Players are allowed to body check only when the opponent owns the ball or at a distance of about 5 yards from the ball.
Men are can wear more equipment during the game as injuries can occur during checking.
Players can also stick check each other on the sticks or gloves, in an attempt of hitting the ball off or denying the other player the chance to hold the ball.
Each player uses a different size of the stick, depending on their playing position. For instance, offensive players use shorter sticks, while the defenders and the goalkeepers use longer ones.
The players in the Lacrosse men games use sticks with a finishing of mesh netting.
The men’s team can contain only 10 players. 3 players for each of the field parts; defense, midfielder and the attacker, complete with 1 goalkeeper.
They also apply a face-off at the beginning of the game as each team tries to gain control of the ball.
Men play their lacrosse game in a field of 110*60 yards, which is around 30yards smaller than that of women.
For more detailed rules, check out the official NCAA Men’s Rules.
Women’s Lacrosse Rules for Beginners
Women’s and Men’s lacrosse rules have a lot of similarities.
But even though they share the basic rules, some regulations only apply for women teams, such as:
Both body and stick checking that are aimed at hitting an opponent is prohibited in women’s lacrosse. Players committing this foul face a penalty.
The women players don’t have a long list of gear requirements since injuries are often at the bare minimum.
The sticks of the players are all similar in size, so players get to pick sticks randomly. It’s only the goalie who uses a longer stick.
The Women’s lacrosse game uses sticks with the classic thick strings, tightly tied. They run end to end and don’t form pockets like the nets on the men’s lacrosse game.
The players are allowed to cradle as a way of securing the ball within their sticks.
The number of players in the women’s lacrosse team is normally 12. That’s 6 defensive players, 5 offensive players, and the goalie.
The women’s team playing field is about 120* 70 yards. And they can even be as long as 140 yards.
Women start the game by drawing a draw. Here, the ball is placed at the center and is thrown into the air at the sound of a whistle.
For the detailed version, check out the women’s official rules of the NCAA.
Lacrosse Boys 14U Rules for 2021
The Boys 14U rules include:
The game involves 10v 10 players.
Players can face-off, use normal stick and body checking, but shouldn’t participate in takeout checks.
After a break, the game resumes only after the defensive players are around 5 yards from the ball carrier.
When a stick foul occurs, the penalties are non-releasable and should take 2 minutes.
When the score difference of 12goals or more is reached during the 2nd half of the game, the game gets into the running time.
It’s illegal to use one-handed stick checks.
Players can foul out with 5 minutes of personal fouls or 3 personal fouls.
Like the men’s lacrosse-playing field, the Boys 14U’s field is 110* 69 yards.
A coin is tossed to help teams select their goals at the beginning of the game. Thereafter, they alternate.
Check out the Official Lacrosse Boys Rules.
Lacrosse Boys High School Rules for 2021
Most of the rules for Boys High School rules are similar to those of the boys 14U. However, there’re a few additions, which include:
Players face 1-3 minutes of a non-releasable penalty when they throw a crosse at the ball, their opponents or official game personnel.
The game can commence as soon as all offensive players are 5 yards or further from the ball-possessor.
The playing equipment and uniforms of the players must adhere to the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standard ND200.
The rules changes for 2021 also recognize the value of concussion safety. Therefore, teams will benefit from an official’s time-out, whenever a player exhibits concussion-like symptoms after an injury.
The CBO can no longer determine if a team qualifies to play based on their number of players on the playing field.
For more information, check out the NFHS High School Official Lacrosse rules.
FAQ About Lacrosse Rules
Now, let’s have a look at some frequently asked questions about lacrosse rules.
Can you run with the ball?
Yes, once you get hold of the ball with your stick, you are allowed to run across the field with it.
Alternatively, you can choose to pass it on to your teammates.
Can you kick the ball into the goal?
Yes. This applies to both men’s and women’s lacrosse. Players are allowed to kick the ball into the goal, but not with the aid of their hands.
Can lacrosse be played in the rain?
Yes, lacrosse can be played in the rain and on wet grounds. So if it rains, that’s not reason enough to cancel the game.
However, the coaches can agree to cancel it depending on the extremity of the weather.
Can you push from behind in lacrosse?
No. pushing from behind is considered an illegal body check and is punishable by a penalty.
Can you hit people with a stick?
You can hit other players using your stick, only on their sticks or gloves.
You should, however, restrain from hitting players using your stick below their waist, back or above their shoulders.
Also, if you must hit their arms, limit yourself as excessive beating can draw a flag.
Additionally, if a player is holding their stick only using one hand, then you aren’t allowed to hit the other free hand.
What is the 3-second rule in lacrosse?
The 3-second rule is considered a safety rule in lacrosse as well as a major foul.
It’s applied the moment the ball crosses the restraining line located at the attacking part of the field. The referee is allowed to use a held whistle.
If the attacking team plays at 15m of the goal and scores, the referee can use the advantage flag, making it a major foul.
What is an illegal pick in lacrosse?
It’s picking a ball out of the visual field of your opponent, which doesn’t give enough space or time to stop or change of direction, leading to contact.
Conclusion
The game of Lacrosse is characterized by various rules. And although there’re some basic lacrosse rules for beginners, which apply to all games, rules also vary depending on the league.
From the Women’s, Men’s, Boy’s, and Girl’s lacrosse, you need time to master all of them.
But there’s nothing impossible with a little bit of patience and dedication.
Start with the most important ones and learn the rest along the way.
This article makes a good learning point. And we hope it quenched your lacrosse rules learning thirst.
Lacrosse has different rules for men and women
Lacrosse is one of many sports to have both a men’s and women’s team. However, multiple physical and technical differences separate the two, creating different versions of lacrosse.
The major differences are how much contact is allowed, the style of play due to the number of players on the field, the dimensions of the field and the equipment.
Freshman attackman Connor Hulme said the men’s games draw more attention and are more exciting to watch.
“I think the level of contact and physicality determines the amount of fans that come,” Hulme said. “In my opinion, the more contact there is, the more spectators we will draw to our games.”
While the men’s game is monitoring on how much contact it allows, Jeff Long, head coach of the men’s lacrosse team, said hitting and being aggressive is not discouraged but is under watch at all times.
“They really don’t want contact, and there are a lot of rules that prevent excessive contact,” Long said. “Our game is pulling back with the big contact. … You can’t be overly physical in terms of being overly aggressive or unfair.”
Women’s head coach Karrie Moore compared the contact displayed in women’s lacrosse to that of the difference in contact between men’s and women’s ice hockey.
“There’s still a lot of contact; you just can’t outright hit somebody,” Moore said. “The contact is more like in basketball, but rule differences are very similar.”
In basketball, some contact is allowed, but if it is deemed by an official to be excessive or out of line, a foul is called.
In men’s lacrosse, body contact is allowed, which is the main difference between the men’s and women’s game.
However, both games include stick checking, the other main form of legal aggression.
These differences in contact lead to varying requirements when it comes to equipment.
Men wear padding on their forearms, chest, shoulders and back, and also helmets with masks. Due to less contact, women are only required to wear goggles, mouth guards and gloves.
Moore said the mouth guards protect against concussions more than anything, and with concussions now becoming a common and prominent injury, there have been talks of adding helmets to the women’s game.
“Personally, I don’t want to be in helmets,” Moore said. “There’s not really a whole lot of research that says it will make it any better.”
Moore talked about how in soccer and ice hockey, there are more injuries, including concussions due to more contact in those sports than women’s lacrosse — her reasoning behind why helmets aren’t necessary to the women’s game.
Another difference is the field dimensions. The women’s field is 120 yards long and 70 yards wide, compared to the men’s field, which is slightly smaller at 110 yards long and 60 yards wide.
Before the 2003–04 season, the women’s game had unlimited boundaries, which meant players could use any natural game space of the playing area. This rule has since been replaced to make the game quicker and to promote offense.
“With the women’s game, the history of that is that we didn’t use to have hard boundaries so they tried to make the field as long as possible.” Moore said. “But because people mostly play on football and soccer fields, that was as big as they could make the field.”
The final major difference is the number of players on the field.
A normal men’s formation fields three defenders, three midfielders, three attackers and a goaltender. The women’s game adds one extra attacker and defender.
Men’s lacrosse has a shot clock, which is a rundown clock that lets the offensive team know how much time it has to shoot the ball on goal before it is turned over to the other team. It is 30 seconds long and was approved in June 2014, with Division I schools’ using it this season, and will make its debut in Division II and III schools next season. The shot clock was created to try and speed up possessions and prevent teams from stalling in the offensive zone.
On the other hand, the women will have a possession clock, which combines the concepts of both a shot and transition clock. The new rule is intended to limit the abuse of clock management and quicken the pace of the game. The women’s clock was approved in July 2015 and will be implemented in Division I in 2017 and Division II and III in 2018.
Despite these variances, men’s and women’s lacrosse still share the same goal: to compete at the highest level and produce entertainment for their viewers through the speed and excitement of the game.
“The speed of play is making it better for everyone. It’s more fun to watch; it’s more fun to play,” Long said. “People want to see goals being scored. … They want to see a 15–12 lacrosse game, and that’s what we are working towards.”
ELF Women’s Lacrosse Championship 2015
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Game Schedule
1
12:00
Czech republic
England
P1
Field 1
3:17 (1:7, 2:10)
2
13:30
Israel
Wales
P2
Field 2
9:9 (8:2, 1:7)
3
15:00
Spain
Sweden
P4
Field 1
3:8 (0:3, 3:5)
4
16:30
Scotland
Austria
P3
Field 2
20:0 (12:0, 8:0)
5
18:00
Germany
Switzerland
P4
Field 1
17:3 (9:1, 8:2)
6
09:00
Wales
Netherlands
P2
Field 1
15:1 (12:0, 3:1)
7
10:30
Finland
Norway
P1
Field 2
13:4 (6:1, 7:3)
8
12:00
Ireland
Austria
P3
Field 1
15:8 (11:2, 4:6)
9
13:30
Switzerland
Latvia
P4
Field 2
8:10 (4:5, 4:5)
10
15:00
Belgium
Scotland
P3
Field 1
0:20 (0:13, 0:7)
11
16:30
Germany
Spain
P4
Field 2
17:0 (12:0, 5:0)
12
18:00
Italy
Israel
P2
Field 1
8:12 (4:7, 4:5)
13
09:00
Latvia
Germany
P4
Field 1
3:12 (2:8, 1:4)
14
10:30
Sweden
Switzerland
P4
Field 2
6:8 (3:2, 3:6)
15
12:00
England
Finland
P1
Field 1
17:0 (14:0, 3:0)
16
13:30
Austria
Belgium
P3
Field 2
18:1 (14:0, 4:1)
17
15:00
Scotland
Ireland
P3
Field 1
8:7 (5:4, 3:3)
18
16:30
Netherlands
Italy
P2
Field 2
12:14 (3:8, 9:6)
19
18:00
Norway
Czech republic
P1
Field 1
2:19 (2:12, 0:7)
20
09:00
Israel
Netherlands
P2
Field 1
18:3 (14:2, 4:1)
21
10:30
Ireland
Belgium
P3
Field 2
19:3 (14:3, 5:0)
22
12:00
Switzerland
Spain
P4
Field 1
4:1 (2:0, 2:1)
23
13:30
Czech republic
Finland
P1
Field 2
14:6 (7:4, 7:2)
24
15:00
Latvia
Sweden
P4
Field 1
8:4 (5:2, 3:2)
25
16:30
England
Norway
P1
Field 2
17:0 (8:0, 9:0)
26
18:00
Wales
Italy
P2
Field 1
17:3 (5:2, 12:1)
27
09:00
Spain
Latvia
P4
Field 1
2:10 (2:5, 0:5)
28
10:30
Sweden
Germany
P4
Field 2
0:22 (0:13, 0:9)
29
13:30
Spain
Netherlands
Field 2
1:16 (1:10, 0:6)
30
15:00
Italy
Finland
Field 1
9:7 (2:3, 7:4)
31
16:30
Norway
Sweden
Field 2
8:8 (3:5, 5:3)
32
18:00
Austria
Switzerland
Field 1
11:5 (7:2, 4:3)
33
09:00
England
Ireland
QF1
Field 1
23:4 (9:4, 14:0)
34
10:30
Sweden
Belgium
Field 2
17:2 (6:2, 11:0)
35
12:00
Wales
Latvia
QF2
Field 1
20:1 (12:0, 8:1)
36
13:30
Norway
Spain
Field 2
8:5 (5:3, 3:2)
37
15:00
Germany
Israel
QF3
Field 1
5:10 (3:5, 2:5)
38
16:30
Italy
Austria
Field 2
9:8 (2:5, 7:3)
39
18:00
Scotland
Czech republic
QF4
Field 1
15:6 (9:2, 6:4)
40
09:00
Finland
Austria
Field 1
6:10 (2:6, 4:4)
41
10:30
Belgium
Norway
Field 2
9:11 (5:6, 4:5)
42
12:00
Ireland
Latvia
Field 1
14:3 (8:2, 6:1)
43
13:30
Netherlands
Sweden
Field 2
14:5 (7:3, 7:2)
44
15:00
Germany
Czech republic
Field 1
8:5 (6:2, 2:3)
45
18:00
Switzerland
Italy
Field 1
8:10 (4:6, 4:4)
46
10:30
Finland
Switzerland
Field 2
12:2 (4:1, 8:1)
47
12:00
England
Israel
SF1
Field 1
12:8 (8:4, 4:4)
48
13:30
Sweden
Spain
Field 2
7:2 (2:2, 5:0)
49
15:00
Wales
Scotland
SF2
Field 1
13:7 (6:2, 7:5)
50
16:30
Belgium
Netherlands
Field 2
1:21 (1:13, 0:8)
51
18:00
Latvia
Czech republic
7th
Field 1
2:13 (1:4, 1:9)
52
09:00
Ireland
Germany
5th
Field 1
8:4 (4:1, 4:3)
53
10:30
Spain
Belgium
Field 2
4:5 (2:2, 2:3)
54
12:00
Israel
Scotland
3rd
Field 1
9:10 (8:6, 1:4)
55
13:30
Netherlands
Norway
Field 2
19:6 (7:3, 12:3)
56
15:00
England
Wales
Final
Field 1
11:8 (8:6, 3:2)
As NFHS Takes Bigger Role in Lacrosse Rules, Will Girls Need Helmets?
As NFHS Takes Bigger Role in Lacrosse Rules, Will Girls Need Helmets?
4 Jun, 2021
By: Mary Helen Sprecher
The rules they might be a’changin’.
Beginning in the 2022-23 season, the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), in strengthening its relationship with USA Lacrosse, is expected to take a greater role in the rules writing process.
And that, of course, brings up the million-dollar question: Will protective headgear be mandated for girls?
It’s hardly a new issue, although it certainly does not stretch all the way back to the Native Americans who originated the game. Most recently, in 2019, it came to the fore when a report produced by researchers in the Department of Orthopedics at the New York University Langone Health showed headgear was effective at lowering the rate of head or facial injury and concussions in women’s lacrosse. Additionally, mandated headgear use was also shown to lower the rate of injury to body locations other than the head or face during practice.
When COVID stopped all sports programs in their tracks – including, of course, team sports like lacrosse – the issue was set aside. Now, however, it is moving back under the microscope.
According to an announcement published by NFHS, NFHS and USA Lacrosse have signed an agreement that affirms the commitment of both organizations to strengthen the working relationship that has been in place for more than 20 years. The agreement, focused on athlete safety, rules development, developing and promoting resources, and recruiting and retaining coaches and officials, will align both NFHS high school rules committees and the USA Lacrosse youth rules committees to establish consistency in the rules-writing process.
The NFHS announcement notes, “In the area of rules development, the composition of the NFHS Girls Lacrosse Rules Committee will be altered, beginning with the 2022-23 season, to mirror the NFHS Boys Lacrosse Rules Committee. In both cases, USA Lacrosse will have a representative on the NFHS committees, and the NFHS will have representation on the USA Lacrosse Women’s and Men’s Game Youth Rules Subcommittees.”
This may open the door to addressing the ongoing concerns regarding concussion prevention in the girls’ side of the sport – although there are no formal statements.
“The health and safety of our student-athletes will always be a priority in the rules writing process as risk minimization is always considered during the rules writing process,” Lindsey M. Atkinson, CIC, RAA, Director of Sports and Communications Associate, and the NFHS’ liaison to the Girls Lacrosse Rules Committee, told SDM. “This year, the committee will meet June 21-23 virtually to discuss rules changes for the 2022 season. We will have reports from both the NFHS Sports Medicine Advisory Committee (SMAC) and USA Lacrosse’s Center for Sports Science and its Sports Science & Safety Committee. This information informs any committee decision regarding equipment and rules that impact the risk of injury to the student-athlete. Headgear continues to be an item of discussion for both the NFHS SMAC and the girls lacrosse rules committee. Both groups are staying abreast of all studies currently being conducted and past study outcomes on the use of headgear in states like Florida [Editor’s note: In 2014, the Florida High School Athletic Association made a groundbreaking decision to mandate soft headgear for girls’ lacrosse players.] Any rules changes that come out of the June Girls Lacrosse Rules Committee Meeting will be available to the public by Mid-July.”
In other words: wait and see.
Some other programs – though they are in the minority – have chosen to institute head protection mandates for their girls’ and women’s teams.
In 2017, Brown University became the first NCAA Division I women’s lacrosse program to require helmets for all players. That same spring, female lacrosse players for high schools on Long Island in New York were given the option to wear standardized lacrosse-specific helmets, but most coaches left the decision to actually wear them up to the individual players, according to Newsday.com. A handful of other schools followed suit.
In 2015, ASTM created a standard for women’s lacrosse helmets – but those helmets weren’t required, which meant that most manufacturing campaigns never gained traction. There was significant pushback from purists, who said such requirements would ruin the women’s version of the game, which relies on strategy and speed, rather than on contact. However, there has been a growing school of thought that the game is undergoing a sea change on the women’s side, becoming more aggressive with the migration of coaches from boys’ and men’s lacrosse programs.
There are already some helmets on the market for girls, including models like this. However, one option for head protection, that could strike the middle ground between those adamantly opposed to head protection and those lobbying for it, might be the mandating of soft headgear, similar to that required of Florida’s high school girls’ lacrosse players.
The NFHS and USA Lacrosse meetings are expected to cover not just game rules but the development and promotion of lacrosse educational programming to support lacrosse coaches and officials.
“We really appreciate the longstanding relationship we’ve had with the NFHS in working to create the best possible experience for high school athletes,” said Ann Kitt Carpenetti, Vice President for Lacrosse Operations for USA Lacrosse. “This agreement is another positive step forward, both in helping to maintain consistency in the rules for youth and high school players, and in developing critical educational resources for coaches and officials. We’re excited about the opportunities in front of us.”
It will be interesting to see whether the consistency in rules also applies to headgear.
New NCAA rules for women’s lacrosse force players, coaches to adapt – Marquette Wire
Photo by Austin Anderson
NCAA rule changes now allow for only three people in the draw circle at a time.
Women’s lacrosse may look different from the game fans watched last season after the NCAA instituted new rules to improve the pace and flow of the game.
The biggest of these changes is the free movement rule, which allows players to continue moving after a foul or violation has been called, which allows for “quick restarts” similar to those seen in soccer. Prior to the change, all players had to stop at the sound of the whistle.
Senior attacker Riley Hill said she is in favor of the new rule. “It gives (attackers) the upper hand, especially with the defense trying to set up and a lot of communication going on,” Hill said. “I can pick up the ball and just go and make something happen.”
Women’s lacrosse head coach Meredith Black said she believes the new rule will benefit the Golden Eagles’ play style as well.
“I think it’s a nice change,” Black said. “In the beginning of the season, it will be a really interesting game because it’s just still so new … Once we settle into it, I think it will be a positive change for our team.”
Despite the rule providing an upper hand to attackers, there are some drawbacks. Offensive players behind the net are more closely marked than before the rule change. Previously, defenses had to cover long distances in short times to get to those attackers.
To compensate for these obstacles, Black engages her team in free movement drills, simulating out of bounds plays or foul calls when the new rules would come into effect.
“It’s really important to try and make them as game-like as possible,” Black said. “We’ve done our best.”
In addition to the free movement rule, the NCAA changed the way draws are conducted. Draws to determine possessions after goals will now happen with three players from each team in the circle. The revamp ensures player safety and allows officials to accurately determine the player with possession.
Hill said she appreciates the extra room for taking draws but finds it difficult to remain disciplined.
“I want to jump over the line and try and run in and actually help out the girls that are taking the draw and stuff, but I can’t,” Hill said. “If I do step over the line, the other team gets the ball, so it’s kind of having that awareness in the back of our minds 24/7.”
Adjusting to the midfield draw rule has been easier than getting used to the free movement changes. The basic format of draws remain unchanged; the only difference is three people are allowed in the draw circle instead of an unlimited amount.
Black said she believes the revamp will allow for junior midfielder Grace Gabriel, the single-season record holder for draw controls at 81 in 2016-’17, to be more successful in the circle.
“I think now with her having a little more freedom on the circle with less traffic, she actually should be able to win more,” Black said.
With the new NCAA changes sinking in, Hill remains optimistic about the upcoming season despite its 0-2 start to the 2018 season.
“I really hope that I can help our team get to the BIG EAST tournament and have a winning record for the first time in Marquette women’s lacrosse history,” Hill said.
Lacrosse Equipment for Women, Lacrosse Stick Set, Pink Mesh Pocket for Girls
Source Lacrosse Equipment for Women, Lacrosse Stick Set, Pink Mesh Pocket for Girls on m.alibaba.com
890.96 ₽ – 1,113.88 ₽
Min. order : 50 pcs.
Learn more about shipping and other trade services.
Port:
Xiamen
Payment terms:
L / C, Western Union, T / T, Payoneer
Supply Ability:
5000 pcs.for Week
Item name:
TOTAL GUARD
Weight:
340 g
Item origin:
Fujian China
Logo:
Customized logo is acceptable
Product Keywords:
Women’s Lacrosse Sticks
Usage:
Lacrosse Game
Shaft material:
6061 alloy
Sample production time:
5-15 days
Packing:
1 pc / plastic bag
Size:
32′
Color:
White, cream, pink, and also customized are available
Feature -Made in China: The head has a universal specification and is made from a proprietary blend of materials for ultra-strong polymer with maximum stiffness and flexibility
-Low pocket: Designed for elite lacrosse players, the TG Lacrosse head has been engineered to have a low pocket position for the ball to sit at the lowest point of your head, which gives you the most control. -Composite Injection Polymer: Head made of proprietary composite injection polymer; This provides not only optimal strength and durability, but also maximum power transfer for improved speed
-Light weight and durability: High strength shaft is made of improved 6061 alloy to withstand testing. Excellent balance between lightweight and durable, ideal for players of all ages. Weight is distributed over the shaft for increased durability and for consistent feel and release.-
-Dimensions: 30 ”, 32”.
Lacrosse Head Size Guidelines for College and High School
Lacrosse heads are one of the most important parts of your lacrosse stick. When looking at the TG lacrosse head review, keep in mind the price, cost, NFHS and NCAA rules, position and play style. Also, determine how much pinch you need, stiffness, weight and lacing options, and if the head suits your needs.TG Lacrosse has proven its quality, which is why you are faced with a good Lacrosse head.
About Us
Total Guard Sports is a global sporting goods and bags manufacturer based in Xiamen, China. It specializes in sporting goods and bags, including Lacrosse equipment, hockey equipment, sticks (alloy and composite), protective gears (shoulder pads, elbow pads, gloves, pants, and shin guards), goalkeeper set, equipment bag, backpack and so on. Further.
Total Guard has been designing, developing and innovating new products for many years, using innovative technologies to produce high quality, versatile, safe and ergonomic products. Total Guard has always maintained our commitment to high standards of quality, technology and continuous innovation and has won a very good reputation in the global market.
Why choose us?
Strength
Strength lies in yourself when you use TG products and wear our flashy yet simple and comfortable clothing line.
Durability
All athletes demand durability because when you compete at any level you have to walk hard. The durability of the TG line will always be long lasting.
Sequences
The consistency you need quality products is here with TG. The standard in equipment, apparel and training products, the quality and consistency of each product developed is epic.
Style
Style, Looks Great, Feel Great and Play Great is the standard of every product, developed by our team of experienced designers and modern professional athletes who understand and appreciate the need to be great in all areas.
90,000 New ASTM International Standards for Roofers and Lacrosse Lovers
ASTM International has shared with all interested parties the latest information regarding two new projects. One of these projects involves the development of a voluntary consensus standard for low temperature bitumen for roofing applications.The second project covers the standardization of sports equipment for lacrosse lovers.
ASTM International Standard Low Temperature Roofing Bitumen
ASTM International’s Technical Committee (TC) D08 Roofing and Waterproofing Works has announced the development of a standard for two sustainable bituminous roofing products. We are talking about products, the use of which allows you to reduce the volume of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, save energy and secure the work by reducing the negative impact of bitumen on the health of builders.
The proposed standard will be referred to as ASTM WK45660 Low Temperature Roofing Bitumen Specification . The document should cover bitumen that can be placed on certain surfaces at significantly lower operating temperatures than most other counterparts. The ability of the products to maintain performance at lower temperatures, in turn, makes it possible to lower the maximum temperature of the asphalt boiler, reducing operating costs.
According to experts from the D08 ASTM International team, bitumen is increasingly being used in shallow roofs, offering excellent performance in terms of durability and ductility. All interested parties can contribute to the preparation of ASTM WK45660, which is overseen by Subcommittee (SC) D08.03 Coating Materials and Bitumen Waterproofing Membranes and Multilayer Roofing Materials.
ASTM International Standard for Women’s Lacrosse Safety Helmets
ASTM International announced the publication of a voluntary consensus standard for safety helmets for women playing lacrosse.The document was named ASTM F3137 Specifications for Helmets for Use in Ladies Lacrosse . In the process of its preparation, experts from the sports community, the medical field, specialists in biomechanics and product testing (representatives of research laboratories) took part.
It should be noted that ASTM International had to develop a separate standard for helmets for women as men’s and women’s lacrosse are currently considered two separate sports.In the case of male lacrosse, the rules allow contact wrestling with the use of all parts of the body. As a consequence, the use of helmets by athletes is mandatory. However, in the case of a women’s game, deliberate use of a stick to interfere with an opponent or physical contact is considered a violation of the rules. Thus, for women, the use of helmets has always been optional (optional).
According to experts, the publication and mass implementation of this document will contribute to a significant increase in the safety of all participants in this ball game.The primary users of the ASTM F3137 standard should be sports equipment manufacturers and helmet designers. It is expected that protective helmets that meet all the requirements of the new standard may be available on the open market within the next 18 months.
The developers of the new standard have concluded that wearing helmets significantly reduces the risk of head injuries after examining the evidence. They note that ASTM F3137 will enable all lacrosse sports equipment manufacturers to demonstrate to potential buyers that their products have been designed, manufactured and tested to minimize the specific impact of the most common hazardous situations in the game.
Alex Bledsoe “Burn Me Deadly”
Eddie LaCrosse, the protagonist of Alex Bledsoe’s debut novel The Sword-Edged Blonde, is heading back to his readers in Burn Me Deadly, the second installment of a private detective and hired swordsman in a world that combines classic fantasy and cool detective. In the new book, the author did not reinvent the wheel and kept intact all the strengths of his first major work, at the same time getting rid of a number of shortcomings that slightly spoiled the impression of “The Blonde”.
Like the first book, Burn Me Deadly is narrated from Eddie’s perspective. However, this time Bledsoe decided to avoid excursions into the protagonist’s past, focusing exclusively on his present. Since the situations in “The Blonde” in which Eddie definitely knew much more than he said, sometimes confused what was happening, such an author’s decision looks justified. Moreover, now readers have the opportunity to compete with laCross in the high-speed unraveling of the tangle of intrigues.And if you consider that Eddie sometimes does not shine with the presence of deductive abilities …
Without flashbacks, the plot became more linear, but this did not affect the quality of the novel. The author still masterfully twists the intrigue, deftly hides the ends in the water and prepares the most tricky and unexpected surprises for the gape of the heroes. Combining unexpected and banal plot moves, Bledsoe achieves a very skillfully constructed balance, in which the reader, on the one hand, remains in the dark about the general direction of movement, but at the same time is able to guess the presence of smaller forks and turns.
Bledsoe has repeatedly said that he is much more interested in the development of characters than in the space in which they live. This time, the author generally focused solely on the description of the town of Nesedy and its environs, completely abandoning the rest of the world. And what is most interesting, this state of affairs does not bother at all. The secret must be that with even a few paragraphs, Alex creates a surprisingly cozy atmosphere perfect for books like this.
The main feature of the work is, of course, the characters led by Eddie.Last time laCross had to deal with his past and find a life partner, this time our hero solves the problems of trust in relationships, explores the limits of his luck and endurance, and also once again convinces himself of the existence of magic and higher powers. Moreover, despite the already existing experience of collisions with something divine, LaCrosse’s cynicism and pragmatism to the last prevent him from accepting the most obvious explanation, until Eddie face to face with what he denies the right to exist.
Other characters are a little lost against the background of Eddie, but even so, Bledsoe managed to create a number of very charming characters. First of all, the main women in the life of laCross, Liz, Angelina and Callie turned out very well, but in addition to them, there are many pretty inhabitants in Nesed, who will undoubtedly still appear in the next series. In addition, Alex laid the foundations for Eddie’s relationship with the local king of the underworld. This can be considered another nod to Glen Cook, however, unlike Garrett, laCross did not lend any services to the local big boss and immediately crossed the road.
Alex does not forget to joke regularly. Eddie’s extremely pertinent remarks, witty picks involving other characters, funny, absurd and sometimes ridiculous situations more than once or twice throughout the book will make the reader smile. “Burn Me Deadly”, in general, like the rest of the series, is a fairly easy and quickly absorbed reading, and this despite the fact that Bledsoe is often very cruel to his characters.