5 Most Common Lacrosse Injuries: Prevention and Treatment Guide

What are the most common injuries in lacrosse. How can players prevent ankle sprains, contusions, and concussions. What should athletes do to treat wrist fractures and knee sprains. How does proper equipment and training reduce injury risk in lacrosse.

Understanding the Risks: Top 5 Lacrosse Injuries

Lacrosse is an exhilarating sport that combines speed, agility, and physical contact. While it offers numerous benefits to players, it also carries the risk of various injuries. Understanding these common injuries is crucial for players, coaches, and parents to ensure proper prevention and treatment strategies are in place.

1. Ankle Sprains: The Most Frequent Lacrosse Injury

Ankle sprains top the list of lacrosse injuries due to the sport’s fast-paced nature and frequent changes in direction. These injuries occur when the ankle is twisted or turned abnormally, stretching or tearing the ligaments.

Why are ankle sprains so common in lacrosse? The sport’s requirement for quick movements and sudden stops puts significant stress on the ankles. Players often need to pivot, dodge, or change direction rapidly, increasing the risk of rolling their ankles.

• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight
• Prevention: Proper warm-up, ankle strengthening exercises, and wearing supportive footwear
• Treatment: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE method)

2. Contusions: Bruises from Contact

Contusions, or bruises, are another frequent injury in lacrosse. These occur due to direct blows from lacrosse sticks, balls, or collisions with other players.

Are contusions in lacrosse more than just surface-level bruises? While many contusions are superficial, some can be deep tissue injuries that cause significant pain and limited mobility.

• Common areas: Thighs, arms, and torso
• Prevention: Wearing proper protective gear, including padding
• Treatment: Immediate application of ice and anti-inflammatory medication

Protecting the Upper Body: Wrist Fractures and Rib Injuries

The upper body is particularly vulnerable in lacrosse due to stick checks and falls. Two injuries that players should be aware of are wrist fractures and rib injuries.

3. Wrist Fractures: A Risk for Stick-Wielding Players

Wrist fractures can occur when players fall onto an outstretched hand or receive a direct blow to the wrist area.

How can players reduce the risk of wrist fractures? Proper falling techniques and wrist strengthening exercises can help prevent these injuries. Additionally, some players opt to wear wrist guards for added protection.

• Symptoms: Severe pain, swelling, and visible deformity
• Prevention: Strengthening exercises and proper falling techniques
• Treatment: Immobilization with a cast or splint, and in severe cases, surgery

Rib Fractures: The Importance of Proper Padding

While not in the top 5, rib fractures are a significant concern in lacrosse. They often result from direct hits with sticks or falls onto the side of the body.

Why should players prioritize wearing rib pads? Rib pads, although not mandatory, can significantly reduce the risk of rib fractures. These injuries can be particularly dangerous due to the risk of lung puncture.

• Symptoms: Sharp pain when breathing or moving, tenderness in the rib area
• Prevention: Wearing rib pads and proper tackling techniques
• Treatment: Rest, pain management, and gradual return to activity under medical supervision

Lower Body Concerns: Knee Sprains and Hamstring Strains

The lower body bears much of the stress in lacrosse due to the constant running, cutting, and pivoting movements. Two common injuries in this area are knee sprains and hamstring strains.

4. Knee Sprains: Navigating the Twists and Turns

Knee sprains, particularly to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL), are serious concerns in lacrosse. These injuries often occur during sudden changes in direction or awkward landings.

How do knee sprains impact a player’s season? Knee sprains can range from minor to severe, with the most serious cases requiring surgery and extensive rehabilitation, potentially ending a player’s season.

• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, instability, and difficulty bearing weight
• Prevention: Proper warm-up, strength training, and agility exercises
• Treatment: RICE method, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery

Hamstring Strains: The Sprint-Related Injury

Hamstring strains, while not in the top 5, are common in lacrosse due to the frequent sprinting and sudden stops required in the game.

Why are hamstring strains particularly troublesome for lacrosse players? These injuries can be slow to heal and prone to re-injury, potentially sidelining players for extended periods.

• Symptoms: Sudden pain in the back of the thigh, difficulty walking
• Prevention: Proper warm-up, stretching, and strengthening exercises
• Treatment: RICE method, gradual return to activity, and physical therapy

Head Injuries in Lacrosse: Concussion Awareness

While less common than other injuries, head injuries, particularly concussions, are a serious concern in lacrosse due to their potential long-term effects.

5. Concussions: The Silent Threat

Concussions in lacrosse can occur from direct blows to the head, collisions with other players, or falls.

Why is concussion awareness crucial in lacrosse? Despite advancements in helmet technology, concussions remain a risk. Proper recognition and management of concussions are essential to prevent more severe brain injuries.

• Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, confusion, memory problems
• Prevention: Proper technique, rule enforcement, and wearing properly fitted helmets
• Treatment: Immediate removal from play, cognitive rest, and gradual return-to-play protocol under medical supervision

Injury Prevention Strategies for Lacrosse Players

While injuries are an inherent risk in lacrosse, many can be prevented or minimized through proper preparation and techniques.

Proper Conditioning and Training

A well-rounded conditioning program is crucial for injury prevention in lacrosse. This should include cardiovascular fitness, strength training, and flexibility exercises.

How does proper conditioning reduce injury risk? Conditioning helps improve overall physical fitness, enhances muscle strength and flexibility, and improves balance and coordination – all factors that contribute to injury prevention.

• Cardiovascular training: Improves endurance and reduces fatigue-related injuries
• Strength training: Builds muscle strength to support joints and improve overall stability
• Flexibility exercises: Enhance range of motion and reduce the risk of muscle strains

Equipment and Protective Gear

Proper equipment is a crucial aspect of injury prevention in lacrosse. Players should ensure they have well-fitted, high-quality gear.

What are the essential pieces of protective equipment for lacrosse players? Key items include helmets, mouthguards, gloves, shoulder pads, and proper footwear. Optional but recommended items include rib pads and arm pads.

• Helmets: Must be properly fitted and meet safety standards
• Mouthguards: Protect teeth and may help reduce concussion risk
• Gloves and pads: Provide protection against stick checks and falls
• Footwear: Should provide good ankle support and traction

Treatment and Recovery for Lacrosse Injuries

Proper treatment and recovery are crucial for lacrosse players to return to the game safely and prevent re-injury.

Immediate Care: The RICE Method

For many lacrosse injuries, particularly sprains and strains, the RICE method is the first line of treatment.

What does RICE stand for in injury treatment? RICE is an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. This method helps reduce pain and swelling in the immediate aftermath of an injury.

1. Rest: Avoid putting weight on the injured area
2. Ice: Apply ice for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day
3. Compression: Use an elastic bandage to reduce swelling
4. Elevation: Raise the injured area above the heart to minimize swelling

Professional Medical Care

While minor injuries can often be treated at home, more severe injuries require professional medical attention.

When should a lacrosse player seek medical care for an injury? Players should consult a healthcare professional if they experience severe pain, inability to bear weight, visible deformity, or any signs of a concussion.

• Sports medicine physicians: Specialize in treating athletic injuries
• Physical therapists: Can provide rehabilitation exercises and techniques
• Athletic trainers: Often the first line of care for on-field injuries

Long-Term Injury Management in Lacrosse

Managing injuries in lacrosse isn’t just about immediate treatment – it also involves long-term strategies to prevent re-injury and maintain overall health.

Rehabilitation and Return-to-Play Protocols

Proper rehabilitation is crucial for lacrosse players recovering from injuries. This process should be gradual and tailored to the specific injury and the player’s needs.

What are the key components of a successful rehabilitation program? A comprehensive rehab program typically includes pain management, restoration of range of motion, strength training, and sport-specific exercises.

• Gradual progression: Slowly increase activity levels as healing progresses
• Functional testing: Ensure the player can perform sport-specific movements safely
• Mental preparation: Address any psychological barriers to returning to play

Injury Prevention Programs

Many lacrosse teams and organizations are implementing injury prevention programs to reduce the risk of common injuries.

How effective are injury prevention programs in lacrosse? Studies have shown that comprehensive prevention programs can significantly reduce the risk of injuries, particularly ACL injuries and concussions.

• Neuromuscular training: Improves balance, coordination, and body awareness
• Technique correction: Focuses on proper form for cutting, landing, and shooting
• Education: Teaches players about injury risks and prevention strategies

The Role of Nutrition in Injury Prevention and Recovery

Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in both preventing injuries and supporting recovery in lacrosse players.

Nutrition for Injury Prevention

A well-balanced diet can help lacrosse players maintain their overall health and reduce the risk of injuries.

What nutrients are particularly important for injury prevention in lacrosse? Key nutrients include protein for muscle health, calcium and vitamin D for bone strength, and antioxidants to reduce inflammation.

• Protein: Supports muscle repair and growth
• Calcium and Vitamin D: Essential for bone health
• Antioxidants: Help reduce inflammation and support overall health
• Hydration: Crucial for maintaining joint health and preventing fatigue

Nutritional Support for Injury Recovery

When recovering from an injury, proper nutrition can help speed up the healing process and support rehabilitation efforts.

How should a lacrosse player adjust their diet when recovering from an injury? During recovery, players should focus on anti-inflammatory foods, adequate protein intake, and foods rich in vitamins and minerals that support tissue repair.

• Anti-inflammatory foods: Berries, fatty fish, nuts, and leafy greens
• Protein: Supports tissue repair and muscle maintenance during inactivity
• Vitamin C: Aids in collagen production for ligament and tendon repair
• Zinc: Supports immune function and wound healing

By understanding the most common lacrosse injuries, implementing effective prevention strategies, and following proper treatment and recovery protocols, players can minimize their risk of injury and enjoy a long, successful lacrosse career. Remember, while the sport inherently carries some risk, many injuries can be prevented or effectively managed with the right approach. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice on injury prevention and treatment.

The Most Common Lacrosse Injuries

Lacrosse Injuries You Should Know About

Those who engage in lacrosse will definitely need to be aware of the various injuries that can be sustained. If you play this sport you will have to find out as much as possible about some of the different injuries that you can encounter and how to deal with them properly. Injury is an inevitable part of most contact sports, including this one.

Sprains and Strains

Ligament sprains and muscular or tendon strains are the most common injuries seen in most sports, including lacrosse.

• Ankle and knee sprains — these ligament sprains commonly occur because of the sharp cutting and dodging movements required to play lacrosse.
• Hamstring muscle strains — unlike a ligament sprain, a strain occurs when a muscle is stretched or contracted too forcefully during movement. In lacrosse, the culprit tends to be the hamstring muscle group.

Proper strengthening and stretching can help prevent sprains and strains throughout a season. Continue to maintain strong, flexible muscles and your chances of injury will significantly decrease.

Contusions (Bruises)

Lacrosse is played with a long metal stick and a rock solid rubber ball that can cause major damage if enough force is put behind them. Unfortunately, you will come in contact with one, or both, at some point during your lacrosse career.

The most common outcome of these encounters is a contusion (bruise). Some contusions are very superficial and you can see the discoloration in the skin. Others are located deep within muscle and soft tissue and can be very painful. Icing and anti-inflammatory medication are the keys to managing contusions. Be sure to ice and medicate, as soon as possible, to prevent future complications.

Rib Fractures

Most players like to wear the least amount of padding because they feel they can move easier and quicker, thus increasing their production on the field. Consequently, rib pads are usually the first piece of equipment they leave on the sideline. Rib pads are not required to play lacrosse, but are highly recommended. A stick check across an unprotected rib cage is an easy way to fracture or break several ribs. The major concern with a rib fracture is the possibility of puncturing a lung. If you want to stay in the game, wear your rib pads.

Concussions

Although concussions in lacrosse are very rare, they can happen. The technology behind lacrosse helmets is still light years away from football helmets. And, even though helmets cannot prevent concussions, it’s important to wear one that’s properly fitted. If you suspect a concussion, contact your local Athletic Trainer or Sports Medicine Physician for proper diagnosis and treatment. Lacrosse is a very fun and exciting game at all levels. Remember to take the time to prepare, just as you would for any sport, test, or competition.

As always, consult your local Sports Medicine Physician if you have any questions or concerns. As players prepare for their season, it’s important to set both position and season goals with their coaches before they train.

How can Lacrosse Injuries be Treated?

With any injury, participation should be stopped until an assessment is made by a qualified health professional. For minor injuries, treatment usually includes rest, ice, and elevation.

Other injuries may be more serious, and require a longer period of rest and rehabilitation. These athletes may be allowed to participate with modifications, depending on the risk for re-injury. In the most severe cases, surgery may be required. All head injuries should be thoroughly evaluated. Athletes should return to play only after appropriate physician evaluation, on a graduated schedule, and only when completely symptom free.

It is very important that you treat any injuries you sustain from playing lacrosse so you can start healing as soon as possible. The longer you wait to treat your injuries, the longer it is going to take for your body to heal completely.

5 Most Common Lacrosse Injuries

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What are the most common lacrosse injuries?

1. Ankle Sprains
2. Contusions
3. Wrist fractures
4. Knee Sprains
5. Back Pain

1.

Ankle Sprains

The most common injury that happens during the game of lacrosse is an ankle sprain. An ankle sprain, otherwise known as a sprained ankle, is an injury caused by rolling, twisting, or turning one’s ankle in an abnormal way. This awkward movement in the ankle stretches or even tears the ligaments holding the ankle bones together, causing intense pain depending on the severity of the sprain.

Sprained ankles usually occur when someone engages in quick and fast movement, not allowing the feet to land on the ground correctly. Lacrosse is a high intensity, high endurance sport, causing the players to be quick on their feet at all times. Because of this, players often roll their ankle, and they either continue playing or have to leave the game and sit on the bench if the pain is too much to overcome.

2. Contusions

It is no surprise that contusions have made the list of most common lacrosse injuries because not only is lacrosse a highly interactive sport, but the sport also mandates that all players use a lacrosse stick. A contusion is when sudden force hits an area of the body causing the injured capillaries or blood vessels to leak blood into the hit area; a contusion is the technical term for a bruise. These are incredibly common in lacrosse because many players can be hit with the firm lacrosse ball, be checked or slashed with the lacrosse stick, or even have an opposing player cause a contusion.

3. Wrist Fractures

A wrist fracture is another popular injury that happens on the lacrosse field. A wrist fracture is when the joint that connects the hand to the forearm has been compromised, due to a carpal bone or the distal radius (the larger bone in the wrist joint) breaking. These are common injuries because lacrosse is a contact sport and utilizes a metal stick as the primary piece of equipment. A lacrosse player may fracture their wrist if they fall on the field holding their stick, or if an opposing player misses the stick of the lacrosse and checks the players in the wrist.

4.

Knee Sprains

A knee sprain is an injury that happens often during many contact field sports, including lacrosse. A knee sprain could either be a tear on the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) or the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). These tears are stretched or torn ligaments that connect the thigh bone to the shin bone. ACL or MCL injuries are incredibly painful and take months to rehabilitate and recover. They occur most often when a stick hits the leg from the side or if they fall in an awkward position.

5. Back Pain

Back pain is a popular injury that many lacrosse players suffer from. Back pain is discomfort on one’s back, and usually for lacrosse players, this discomfort stems on the lower half. Lacrosse players often get this injury from either a cross check from an opponent or from shooting. Players use their entire body to shoot the ball into the net, including their back muscles, causing them to cause major discomfort.

Lacrosse Injuries | Twin Boro Physical Therapy

Lacrosse is a sport that can cause injuries related to both the high level of contact, in addition to non-contact. Often played by children and high school athletes, as well as professionals, lacrosse provides a work out for the entire body, particularly the lower extremity as players are constantly running throughout the game.

Lacrosse players are typically prone to injuries that affect the lower extremity. This includes the ankle, knee, legs and hips. The most common lacrosse injuries affect the hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups. Muscle sprains and strains are common injuries, in addition to ligament injuries and skin conditions like abrasions. Ankle injuries account for 21% of female and 16% of male lacrosse-related conditions. Knee injuries, including ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) damage are the leading cause of lost practice and game time for lacrosse players.

Causes

• Non-contact injuries, which lead to ankle and knee sprains along with ACL injuries to the knee.
• Improper equipment, including protective gear like helmets or goggles
• Players who do not follow the rules
• Poor conditioning
• Inadequate warm-up prior to practice or a game

Risk Factors

There are intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for injury. Intrinsic factors are a child’s individual musculoskeletal issues, which can include skeletal immaturity (bones and joints that are still developing) or muscle weakness. Extrinsic factors are the environment in which an athlete performs, which can include the level of competition: how much, how hard and how long play lasts.

Other common risk factors for lacrosse injuries include:

• High contact, which is of a greater level in boys’ lacrosse than girls’ lacrosse
• Players who do not abide by the rules of the game
• Concussions caused by body-to-body or body-to-ground contract in boys’ games
• Injuries caused by an inadvertent stick or ball to the head (often during girls games)
• Altering equipment

Prevention

Proper instruction and supervision is a critical component to reducing lacrosse injuries for both boys and girls at all levels. Having the proper equipment and using it correctly can drastically cut down on the number of injuries in both practice and actual game settings.

Other ways to avoid injury include:

• Boys and girls lacrosse differs in the level of contact allowed and the equipment worn, therefore sports related injuries vary.
• Girls’ equipment includes protective goggles and mouthpieces, while soft headgear and lightweight gloves are optional.
• Boys’ equipment includes the mandatory use of helmets with full-face guards, shoulder pads, padded gloves, and mouthpieces. Elbow pads and protective genital cups are suggested.
• Following the rules of the game that stress finesse and skill over unprotected hits in the boys’ game and allowing free style play in the girls’ game.
• Consulting a sports health professional such as a sports physical therapist for the establishment and implementation of a conditioning program.
• Institution of a warm-up program that can include exercises to decrease the incidence of non-contact injuries.
• An emergency plan should be in place to care for sports related injuries.

Facts

• Did you know that Lacrosse is one of the fastest growing sports in the United States?

• Did you know that Lacrosse is the oldest team sport in the United States? It was first played by Native Americans?

Common Conditions

• Ankle sprains

• Knee sprains

• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knee injuries

• Hamstring strain

• Quadriceps strain

• Groin strains

• Muscle strains

• Shin splints

• Abrasions

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Review of Lacrosse-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in High School and Collegiate Players

Sports Health. 2015 Sep; 7(5): 448–451.

, PhD, FACSM,^*†, ATC,^† and , MD, PhD, FACSM^†

Heather K. Vincent

^†Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Research and Physical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Musculoskeletal Training and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

Laura Ann Zdziarski

^†Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Research and Physical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Musculoskeletal Training and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

Kevin R. Vincent

^†Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Research and Physical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Musculoskeletal Training and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

^†Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Research and Physical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Musculoskeletal Training and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

^*Heather K. Vincent, PhD, FACSM, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Research, UF Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute (OSMI), PO Box 112727, Gainesville, FL 32611 (e-mail: ude.lfu.ohtro@khecniv).This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract

Context:

Participation in lacrosse has dramatically increased since 2001. Changes in the game rules, sport equipment, and athlete characteristics have all contributed to the injury patterns in lacrosse over time.

Objective:

A summary of lacrosse-related musculoskeletal injuries.

Data Sources:

Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles relating to the epidemiology and mechanisms of lacrosse injuries in high school and collegiate lacrosse players.

Study Selection:

The search strategy used the following keywords: lacrosse, injury, musculoskeletal, high school, intercollegiate, knee, shoulder, fracture, ankle, foot, concussion, and surveillance. Studies were included if they reported injury risk, injury type, or injury mechanism in high school or collegiate lacrosse players.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data extraction:

Injury type, frequency, and mechanism as well as population were extracted.

Results:

Thirteen cohort studies and an additional 15 case series and reports were included. For all lacrosse players, ankle, knee, and hand/wrist were key sites for acute injury. Among collegiate players, preseasonal play elicits more injuries than seasonal play. Female players incur more noncontact and overuse injuries than male players. Boys have 3 to 5 times the risk for sustaining a fracture compared with girls in competition and practice. Women experienced fewer concussions but more facial fractures than men. Injuries to the foot/ankle, head, face, and wrist/hand more often required surgery in girls than in boys.

Conclusion:

Male players incur more injuries than female players. However, because of the collisional nature of play, more shoulder, arm, and upper leg injuries occur in male players. Fractures to the head and hand occur relatively more frequently in female players. Injury risk can be modified with appropriate training regimens and by respecting the game rules.

Keywords: lacrosse, injury, knee, ankle, fracture

US Lacrosse is the national governing body for both women’s and men’s lacrosse. National participation in lacrosse continues to increase rapidly. Participation surveys conducted by US Lacrosse revealed that there was a 10% growth in the sport from 2009 to 2010, with a total of 624,593 players competing on organized teams in the United States.¹⁷ This is a dramatic increase in the number of lacrosse players from 2001, with initial tracking numbers indicating 253,931 competitive players. The youth lacrosse contingent has expanded rapidly from 220,797 boys and girls in 2006 to 351,275 in 2011. From 2006 to 2010, the national participation in high school lacrosse increased by 12. 2%, reaching 255,314 players by 2010. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) reported that men’s lacrosse experienced an 18% net gain in the number of teams from 2010 to 2011²⁸ and an increase in the number of athletes from 6551 to 10,903 from 2001 to 2012.²⁹ Women’s lacrosse has also quickly grown. The number of female athletes increased from 5326 to 8482 from 2001 to 2012.²⁹

The explosive growth of the sport has caused an infusion of novice players with varying levels of skill. This growth, particularly in youth and high school lacrosse programs, may not be consistently matched with experienced, knowledgeable coaching and refereeing resources. As lacrosse game rules evolve and equipment properties change, the pattern of musculoskeletal injuries may change. The nature of the lacrosse game involves unique physical challenges that can result in overuse and acute injuries. The combination of the physical stressors and variance in skill level can create a playing environment conducive to injury.

Data are too few in the youth lacrosse or box lacrosse contingents about which conclusions can be developed. The scant evidence from 1 study shows that most injuries are relatively minor in boys and girls, and only a few severe injuries occurred.²⁰ Thus, as most of the musculoskeletal injuries occur in players older than 14 years, this review will present the available data from male and female high school and collegiate lacrosse athletes.

Methods

We conducted a literature search from 1965 to March of 2014 in Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy identified studies in English with MeSH/keywords with all subheadings and free text, including lacrosse, injury, musculoskeletal, high school, intercollegiate, knee, shoulder, fracture, ankle, foot, concussion, and surveillance. Studies were included if they reported injury risk, injury type, or injury mechanism in high school or collegiate lacrosse players. A total of 715 abstracts were retrieved and reviewed by the authors to determine whether the study met the criteria. Over 15 case reports and additional studies of lacrosse-related injuries were included to help provide insight on the mechanism of injury and positional injury risk. The lists of references of retrieved publications were manually checked to add any citations missed by the electronic searches. A total of 13 studies were included in this review ().

Study inclusion flow diagram.

Nature of the Current Evidence

Data were primarily derived from public high school reporting studies,^12,18 surveillance systems,^33,34,36 injury updates²⁶ or video review of game play.^4,9 The majority of the evidence is epidemiologic, with additional case reports and series of specific injury mechanisms.^{1,10,14-16,22,24,30,31,35} One cross-sectional study examined lacrosse injuries in persons 4 to 59 years old but fell outside the high school and collegiate classifications.⁶ A reportable injury is one that occurred as a result of participation in an organized team activity (practice, competition) and required medical attention by an athletic trainer or physician and caused the athlete to miss lacrosse participation for 1 or more days. Injury documentation was obtained primarily from on-site athletic trainers.

Boys’ and Men’s Injuries

A full description of injuries incurred is available in Appendices 1 and 2 (available at http://sph.sagepub.com/content/suppl).

Boys’ High School and Collegiate Populations

Studies from public school systems and regional camps show that the overall injury rate is slightly higher in boys than girls, with 2.89 versus 2.54 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs).¹² Boys have a 3 times higher game-to-practice injury ratio than girls during seasonal play.¹² Boys are also more likely to sustain injuries to the shoulder, arm, and upper leg than girls.^12,36

Upper Extremity Injury and Shoulder Instability

Boys have twice the proportion of serious elbow injuries (requiring emergency care in the hospital) and 5 times the proportion of serious shoulder injuries than girls.³⁶ Interestingly, the absolute injury rate is relatively low for elbow injury or pathology, even with a long lever arm. Key rotations in the lacrosse throwing motion are largely dependent on rotations at the pelvis, upper torso, and shoulder and not the elbow.^32,37 The percentage of boys and men who experience shoulder injuries ranges from 5% to 12.4%.^8,12 Emergent injuries to the shoulder are 5 times more common in boys than girls.³⁶ Interestingly, the prevalence of shoulder injuries increases in parallel with the level of contact and amount of protective equipment.³⁶

Knee and Hip Injuries

Boys incurred similar anterior cruciate ligament injury rates as girls (0.79 vs 0.78), but lower meniscal injury rates (0.44 vs 0.61) and higher medial collateral ligament injury rates (0.76 vs 0.29).³³ The rate of knee injuries is higher in summer camps, where there is an intense volume of activity.¹² Lacrosse players had the highest percentage of knee injuries requiring surgical repair before return to play compared with other contact and noncontact sports. ³³ Hip injuries in lacrosse players are relatively rare²⁶ and occur in low frequencies (3.3-5.6 per 1000 AEs).⁸

Ankle Injuries

Boys are 1.4 times more likely to sustain ankle injury than girls during summer camp.¹² The NCAA Surveillance System found that ankle ligament sprains comprise 14.4% of the total injuries reported for men’s lacrosse.

Fractures

Compared with girls, the overall fracture rate is higher in boys irrespective of the nature of the AE, and 17.2% of these fractures required surgery.³⁴ A total of 69.3% of fracture injuries requiring surgical repair included hand/finger, lower leg, nose, ankle, and forearm.³⁴ After ligament sprains, fractures were the second most common diagnosis requiring surgery in high school athletes.³⁴ Some evidence indicates that increasing age is inversely related to the proportion of fractures in injured players.³⁴ Body mass index has not been found to be related to fracture incidence. ³⁴ Irrespective of player position, high speed lacrosse ball impact can strike the throat and cause displaced transcricoid fracture.¹⁰ Newer helmet designs have begun to incorporate longer chin protectors that may offer more protection of the throat but reduce forward flexion of the neck.

Concussion

The incidence of concussions in boys lacrosse has increased considerably from 1998 to 2008, with a rate of 0.1 concussions per 1000 AEs in 1998 up to 0.6 in 2008, which corresponds to an annual increase by 16.5%.¹⁸ Lacrosse concussion rates are second only to boys’ football.¹⁸ Helmets alone do not always protect against concussion injury.^3,8

Girls’ and Women’s Injuries

Girls and women are not permitted to make body contact with another player, but may check (defined as “an attempt to dislodge the ball from an opponent’s stick by using controlled stick-to-stick contact”)³² the opponent’s stick with their own only when the 1 player has possession of the ball. No additional stick-to-stick contact is permitted. In girls’ lacrosse, the goalie is also required to wear a padded/protective girdle and shin guards. The last major difference between the male and female play of lacrosse is penalties or fouls. In girls’/women’s lacrosse, when a penalty or foul is called by the referee, all players on the field must stop instantly.

Girls’ High School and Collegiate Populations

A summary of the injuries reported is available in Appendices 1 and 2 (available at http://sph.sagepub.com/content/suppl). The only protective gear women and girls wear are goggles and mouth guards. Overall, the injury patterns differ from the boys in several respects. A total of 12.8% and 32.5% of the injuries occurred within the goal area and within the goal’s 8-meter arc, respectively.⁷ At the time of the injury, 69.7% of women were handling the ball and/or were in loose ball scenarios.⁷

Upper Extremity and Shoulder Injuries

Girls and women do have lower rates of injury to the shoulders and arm during competition and practice, with frequencies of these injuries ranging from 1. 6% to 4.1% of the total injuries reported.¹² Emergent shoulder injuries occur 5 times less in girls than boys, and fewer of these injuries were fractures.

Lower Extremity Injuries

During regular-season play, girls have higher rates of knee injuries than boys.¹² During summer camp play, the primary injury types for girls were overuse (19% of total injuries), illegal stick/object hit (19%), ball contact with the body (15%), and falling to the ground with or without body contact (24%)¹²; 39.3% of lacrosse players with knee injuries required surgery, second only to cheerleading at 40%.³³ Surgery was required for meniscus (22%) and ligament (65.4%) injuries to the knee. The NCAA Surveillance System data from 15 sports revealed that anterior cruciate ligament injuries comprised 4.3% of all injuries in women’s lacrosse.¹³ Women experience relatively low rates of hip and pelvis muscle-tendon strain compared with other lower extremity joints (2. 3% to 5.0% in practices and games).⁷ Ankle injuries comprise 15% to 25.1%^12,25 of total injuries in girls and women.

Fractures

The hand/wrist is the most commonly fractured site in girls’ lacrosse.³⁴ Boys and men incur head or facial fractures at a frequency of 3% to 3.5% of all head injuries, whereas girls and women incur higher fracture frequencies of 14.0% to 20.9% of all head injuries.¹⁹

Head Injuries and Concussions

Evidence from district-mandated electronic medical records indicates concussion injury is increasing in girls similar to that in boys.¹⁸ Interestingly, girls have higher rates of head injuries than boys,¹² but the overall concussion incidence is lower in girls than in boys. Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System showed that female players in general had a greater percentage of head and face injuries than male players (30. 1% vs 18.0%, respectively).⁶ Importantly, the incidence of head injuries is greater in varsity high school players compared with junior varsity.⁴

Positional Differences in Injury Risk

Goalies

Hand grip on the stick may expose the thumbs to injury.⁹ An extremely rare injury is commotio cordis.²³ Adolescents are more likely to experience this injury, where it can happen with a low-velocity impact.²³ Commotio cordis has occurred in midfielders as well as goalies wearing proper chest protection.²³

Defensemen

There has not yet been a rigorous analysis of position-specific musculoskeletal injuries in lacrosse defenders.

Attack and Midfielders

Up to 52.5% of hand and finger injuries in men’s and women’s lacrosse were caused by offensive stick hits, and 42.7% to 59.4% of injuries occurred in the thumb.² Early data of a small cohort indicated that 28% of attackmen who attended a summer league incurred acromioclavicular joint dislocations and clavicular fractures in attackers. ³¹

Conclusion

Male players incur a greater number of injuries than female players, but the prevalence and type of injuries differ. Because of contact, more shoulder, arm, and upper leg injuries occur in male players, and more fractures to the head and hand occur in female players. Common injury sites for lacrosse players in all age groups and sexes include the ankle, knee, and hand/wrist. Injury risk can be modified with appropriate training protocols and with respect of the rules of play.

Footnotes

The authors report no potential conflicts of interest in the development and publication of this article.

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Epidemiology of Injuries in Women’s Lacrosse: Implications for Sport-, Level-, and Sex-Specific Injury Prevention Strategies

Objective:

By the end of 2013, the United States had an estimated 278 000 female lacrosse players, with half of those participating at the youth level. The effects of the sport’s rapid growth on injury rates have yet to be determined. The purpose of this clinical review is to synthesize the available published data on injuries that have occurred in the sport of women’s lacrosse. Of particular interest was the risk of injury based on the level of play and position.

Data sources:

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, High Wire Press, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and Ovid using the keywords “Lacrosse Injuries,” “Epidemiology Lacrosse Injuries,” “Lacrosse Injury,” “Lacrosse,” and “Injury.”

Study selection:

The electronic search included material published during or after 1950. In addition, all bibliographies of electronically found sources were cross-referenced to identify any additional publications that were not produced in the electronic searches.

Data extraction:

All articles with data on women’s injury rates were categorized by overall injury rates, rates by session (competition vs practice), nature of injury, location, type, severity, and player position.

Data synthesis:

Injury rates increase with age: from youth leagues to high school and finally to the collegiate level. Rates of injury varied from 0.03 to 3.9 injuries/100 athletes. Women’s game injury rates are consistently higher than practice injury rates (ranging from 0.2 to 7.1 vs 0.01 to 3.3). Injuries occur most frequently from stick-to-player or player-to-ball contact, rather than player-to-player contact. Women sustain a higher percentage of head and facial injuries relative to male lacrosse players. The most common types of injuries for women are concussions, sprains, contusions, and lacerations. More than half of all injuries are in the mild category resulting in players missing practice and games for 1 to 7 days. Offensive players had the most injuries, followed by defensive players and then midfielders, with goalies having the fewest number of injuries.

Conclusions:

In women’s lacrosse, the rules and equipment used are substantially different than for the men’s game. Face and hand injuries are more prevalent for women when compared with men, and ankle injuries are most prevalent in female youth. Medical professionals who treat lacrosse players can benefit from an improved understanding of the types and rates of the injuries they are likely to encounter. Improved awareness of lacrosse-specific injuries can assist these professionals to be more prepared to treat these athletes, which may lead to improved care and outcomes.

Lacrosse – Active & Safe

Talk to your coaches, teachers, organization, or school about the prevention strategies below and how they might be incorporated into training and policies.

Strength Training and Neuromuscular Training Program

The risk of all lower body injuries may be reduced by up to 50% by regular participation in a balance training exercise program with a resistance training component, such as a neuromuscular training warm-up program. Completing this warm-up program can lower the likelihood of ankle and knee injuries.

Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Neuromuscular Training
The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre has developed a neuromuscular training warm-up program that can be adapted to many sports. Incorporating a warm-up program like this one into your training program at least two times per week has been associated with a significant reduction in lower body injuries.

Click here to view poster.

 

Oslo Sport Trauma Research Centre Neuromuscular Training
Adopt strength training exercises designed to prevent injuries to the shoulder and back. The Oslo Sport Trauma Research Centre has developed exercises that specifically help keep the shoulder strong and reduce the risk of shoulder and back injuries. This resource includes videos and PDFs for download.

Learn more about exercises to help prevent shoulder injuries.

Learn more about exercises to help prevent back injuries.

For more exercises, visit http://fittoplay.org/.

Equipment

The risk of injury can be reduced by the use of properly fitted personal protective devices, such as mouthguards, eyewear, and helmets. Ensure players check equipment regularly for cracks or other signs of damage.

Managing Concussion

While concussions are not the most common injury in lacrosse, it is important to be aware of concussion signs and symptoms and know what to do if concussion is suspected. The Concussion Awareness Training Tool (CATT) is an online resource to learn more about how to recognize, prevent, and manage a concussion. CATT also includes resources on how to respond to a potential concussion situation, as well as detailed Return to School and Return to Sport protocol.

Other Considerations (about this section)

Education
Support the use of warm-up and exercise programs specifically designed to decrease the risk of lower extremity injury. Facilitating a regular pre-season coaches’ workshop can improve understanding and confidence in using these programs. Supporting coaches in identifying and overcoming specific barriers (such as time constraints) can increase the likelihood of widespread adoption.

Facilities
The Ontario Physical Education Association (OPHEA) provides recommendations for safely implementing lacrosse in elementary schools.

Learn more about implementing field lacrosse or inter (soft) lacrosse in elementary schools

Lacrosse Resources
US Lacrosse provides information on:

Sport-related Physicals
Lacrosse is a physically demanding sport and some pre-existing conditions may increase the risk of injury. A sport-related physical evaluation at the beginning of each season ensuring fitness to play can help to reduce risk of injury. KidsHealth provides information about what sports physicals are, why they may be appropriate and where you may go to get them.

Learn more about Kids Health Sports Physicals.

How Lacrosse Players Can Prevent the Most Common LAX Injuries

We all play different sports because they’re fun, which is why everyone hates being sidelined with an injury. There are tons of health benefits to playing lacrosse, but players also need to be sure they take care of their bodies so injuries can be avoided as much as possible.

Getting hurt is unavoidable at times depending on the situation, but being diligent about your self-care both on and off the field can help prevent some of the most common ailments of lax players. Some of those include knee injuries (such as ACL tears), non-contact ankle and knee ligament sprains, shin splints, and concussions (although they’re less common in lacrosse than some other sports), along with hamstring, quadriceps and groin strains.

There are always precautions that a player can take in order to lessen their chances of getting injured, or at least reduce the chances that something small turns into a more serious problem. The following three tactics seem pretty simple, but you’d be surprised how often they don’t happen.

How To Prevent Common Lacrosse Injuries

Get the Right Size Equipment

Since lax is such a physical game that involves a lot of constant movement throughout the course of any game, it’s of vital importance that the correct protective gear is worn. Some players may not want to wear certain parts of their equipment because it’s not super comfortable, but believe us – it’s better to feel a little uncomfortable and get used to it while playing instead of having to sit on the sidelines with an injury.

Get Some Rest

There’s nothing wrong at all with working hard to improve in a sport that you love, but we sometimes get so focused on working hard that we forget it’s also important – actually, necessary – to take a breather consistently. At least one or two days off per week is needed for players of all ages, along with at least another month off each year.

For someone with lofty goals, that may seem like an eternity, but obeying those general rules will help prevent overuse injuries. Your body needs a chance to recover so that when you’re back on the field, you’ll be able to perform at the levels you know you’re capable of.

This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t keep a base level of fitness throughout the offseason, though. It’s quite the opposite, actually. Staying in shape and participating in some kind of fitness program is important so that the start of each new season is smooth and without any major hiccups.

Don’t Try to Be a Hero

Even if we do these things and follow directions, injuries are still going to happen. If something doesn’t feel right, don’t think it’s better if you just shove it down and try to forget about it. Playing at your best means listening to your body – if something is wrong, then you must speak up so you can properly heal and get back to normal as soon as possible.

If you try and hide a minor injury and do take the necessary steps toward healing, then there’s a real possibility that ailment can turn into a major problem, and nobody wants that.

If you’re interested in learning more about our GameBreaker Lacrosse Camps this summer, click here to find a camp near you and be on your way to becoming a better lacrosse player!

90,000 Throwing elbow injuries – treatment, symptoms, causes, diagnosis

Overhead throws create an extremely high load on the elbow. In baseball and other sports where there are such throws, this load on the elbow structures occurs repeatedly, which can lead to serious injuries to the elbow.

Unlike an acute injury that results from a fall or collision with another player, a throwing injury occurs gradually over time.In many cases, such injuries develop when the athletic movement is repeated frequently during one period of play, and when these periods of play are so long that the body does not have enough time to recover.

Although throwing injuries to the elbow are the most common in baseball, they do occur in overhead throwing athletes.

Most common throwing injuries to the elbow.

When athletes throw repeatedly at high speed, repetitive stress can lead to various types of injury.Problems most often arise on the inside of the elbow, because during the throw, the greatest load falls on the inside of the elbow.

Flexor tendonitis

Repetitive throwing can irritate and inflame the flexor / pronator tendons, where they attach to the humerus on the inside of the elbow. Athletes in such cases note pain on the inside of the elbow when throwing, and if the tendonitis is severe, pain will also be noted during rest.

Damage to the ulnar collateral ligament

The ulnar collateral ligament is most commonly injured during throws. LKS injuries can range from minor injuries and inflammation to complete rupture of the ligament. Athletes in such cases notice pain on the inner side of the elbow, and often notice a decrease in throwing speed.

Valgus overload during extension

During the throw, the ulna and humerus bones twist and act on each other.Over time, this can lead to hallux valgus, a condition in which the protective cartilage of the olecranon wears out and overgrowth of bone tissue (osteophytes) occurs. Athletes with hallux valgus experience swelling and pain at the site of maximum bone contact.

Stress fracture of the olecranon

Stress – fractures occur when the muscles are overworked and unable to take on the force vector and absorb the blow. And, therefore, tired muscles transfer the load vector to the bone tissue, which leads to microcracks, which are called stress fractures.

The olecranon is the most common stress fracture site for throwers. Athletes notice aching pains along the surface of the olecranon on the underside of the elbow. This pain intensifies during throwing or other intense activity, but sometimes pain can also be present during rest.

Ulnar nerve neuritis

When the elbow is bent, the ulnar nerve travels along the bony eminence at the end of the humerus. During throws, athletes experience multiple stretching of the ulnar nerve and sometimes displacement of the nerve from the site of localization, which leads to fiber slipping.This stretching or slipping leads to irritation and inflammation of the nerve and is called ulnar neuritis.

With neuritis of the ulnar nerve, caused by surges, patients notice acute pain (like an electric current), which starts from the inside of the elbow and radiates along the nerve to the forearm. Numbness, tingling, or pain in the little and ring fingers may occur during or immediately after the throw, and may persist during rest.

Ulnar nerve neuritis can occur not only in injuries associated with throwing, but also in other conditions.Patients, as a rule, notice similar symptoms, usually in the morning hours, after a long stay of the elbow in a flexed state.

Reasons

Elbow injuries occur in athletes and are the result of excessive and repetitive throwing stress. In many cases, the pain disappears after the exercise stops (throwing or throwing). Typically, these injuries rarely occur with other types of physical activity.

In baseball players, the rate of injury is highly dependent on the number of shots, the number of innings, and the number of games played during a given period of time.The heavier the ball and the speed of the throw, the greater the risk of such injuries. In addition, athletes who continue to play baseball with painful symptoms are at the highest risk of injury.

Symptoms

Most types of throwing injuries are characterized primarily by pain during or after the throw. As a rule, athletes notice a decrease in their throwing ability and they have to slow down their throwing speed. With ulnar neuritis, athletes will often experience numbness and tingling in the elbow, forearm, or arm.

Diagnostics

Case history

At a doctor’s consultation, first of all, there is a discussion of the athlete’s health, the peculiarity of sports activity, symptoms, the time of their appearance, the relationship with stress. Medical examination

During the examination, the doctor checks the range of motion, strength and stability of the elbow joint. The shoulder girdle is also assessed.

The physician assesses the elbow range of motion, muscle development, and appearance, and compares the affected elbow to the healthy other elbow.In some cases, sensitivity and muscle strength are assessed.

The doctor asks the athlete about the exact localization of pain manifestations and palpation is carried out, both of the painful area and adjacent areas to clarify the localization of pain.

To recreate the stress on the elbow during the throw, the doctor performs a hallux valgus stress test. During this test, the doctor holds his hand still and applies pressure to the side of the elbow. If the elbow is weak or if this test causes pain, it is considered a positive test.Other functional tests are also possible.

The results of these tests help the doctor decide if there is a need for additional examination methods.

Radiography allows you to visualize changes in bone tissues and diagnose stress fractures, osteophytes and other changes in bone tissues. Computed tomography (CT). This diagnostic method is usually rarely used to diagnose throwing problems in the elbow.CT scans provide a three-dimensional image of bone structures and can be useful in diagnosing osteophytes or other bone changes that can restrict movement or cause pain.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This diagnostic method makes it possible to visualize well the soft tissues of the elbow (including the condition of the ligaments and tendons). MRI allows you to determine the degree of damage to the ligaments (the presence of partial damage or tears). In addition, high-quality visualization of all tissues makes it possible to diagnose microcracks in stress fractures, which are not always the case, perhaps, can be detected by X-ray.

Treatment

Conservative treatment

In most cases, treatment for a throwing elbow injury begins with resting for a while.

Additional treatments may include:

exercise therapy. Special exercises can restore the elasticity and strength of the support structures of the elbow. The exercise program should be selected by the exercise therapy physician, and it often makes it possible to fully restore the function of the elbow and the ability to play sports.

Physiotherapy . Various physiotherapy techniques can reduce pain, swelling and inflammation, improve regeneration

Change of throwing technique . The correct distribution of load vectors during the throw often helps to minimize the risk of repeated injury to the elbow during throws. But sometimes, in cases where a high-level athlete, a change in the throwing algorithm can lead to a deterioration in the athletes’ results and therefore it is unacceptable.

Anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen) help reduce swelling and pain and are also used to treat toss-related elbow injuries.

If symptoms persist, the elbow unloading period may be quite long.

Surgical treatment

If symptoms persist after conservative treatment, surgical treatment using arthroscopic techniques is possible.

Reconstruction of the LKS (ulnar collateral ligament).Athletes who have an unstable ligamentous ligament or a ruptured ligament and are ineffective with conservative treatment are candidates for ligamentous ligament reconstruction. Surgical (arthroscopic) reconstruction of the LKS using an autograft allows to restore the ligament function in full.

For neuritis of the ulnar nerve caused by a throwing injury, an anterior transposition is possible, in which the nerve moves to the anterior part of the elbow, which helps prevent the nerve from stretching and slipping.

Forecast

If conservative treatment is effective, the athlete may return to sports (throwing) after 6-9 weeks. If surgical treatment is required, then the recovery period depends on the volume of the surgical intervention. For example, after reconstruction of the LCS, the recovery period can take from 6 to 9 months. Prevention of injuries to the elbow during throwing can be practicing the technique of throwing and timely seeking medical help in the presence of pain.

90,000 Rugby Union Scotland – Women – # 039;

Jamie Coffey is a third year physical therapist on the Scottish Women’s Leading National Team and a respected industry expert. Coffey combines experience, skills and technology to advance women in sports. Using scientific data gathered during training and on game day, Coffey provides a path to success and reduces the likelihood of injury.

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Click here to download our free Catapult Wearable Brochure.

Positional Difference Detection

Through the Catapult Wearable Devices, Coffey can analyze and break down the physical requirements required for the position of each team member. With the data that Coffey collects, he can participate in strategic decisions about positions, formation, training and play. For example, Coffey can determine which positions on the rugby field are at higher risk of injury and the types of injury most prominent in each position, in addition to what specific key skills are required for each position, including speed and endurance.

These strong insights and insights from Catapult injury audit data helped inform team decisions and reduce injuries. By breaking down the gameplay into when and where the injuries were, it turns out that most of the wasted time injuries occurred in the last quarter. In addition, data have shown that fatigue dramatically increases the likelihood of injury. So what did Coffey do with this knowledge?

Coffey applied the findings by saying, “This highlights the importance of ensuring that the workout mimics the worst-case scenarios that a player might encounter in a play environment.”For Coffey, injury prevention does not happen on a game day, but through routine workouts during workouts every day using advanced data.

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Click here to download our free Catapult Wearable Brochure.

Concussion

Unfortunately, concussions are the most common injuries in women’s rugby and have been on the rise in recent years. However, Coffey’s teams have noticed a significant decrease in the number of concussions, in part due to the preventive measures he is taking based on information received through Catapult. wearable devices .

Most industry experts believe that the development of women’s rugby is very sensitive to increased concussion rates, and radical changes are needed to ensure the safety of all players. In practice, Coffey prevents concussion in part through isometric cervical exercises. In particular, by strengthening the head and neck area, Coffey finds you are less prone to concussions. Using wearable technology, Coffey can test the strength and flexibility of his player’s neck by carefully tracking numbers and creating customized training modes for players.

According to Coffey, “prevention is effectiveness,” and with Catapult wearables, they can mimic playday practices to keep them fit.

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Click here to download our free Catapult Wearable Brochure.

Women’s Rugby Uprising

Although women’s rugby is gaining momentum, Coffey would like to see women’s rugby rise. research.Much of the data on concussion and injury in professional sports focuses on the recovery / prevention of disease in men, and this data may not be fully shared with female athletes. There must be more people like Coffey helping women in sports move forward, bringing recognition, performance and safety to the fore.

To learn more about the Catapult Rugby Suite, click here.

90,000 Hockey injuries (part 2)

Hockey is a traumatic sport, and despite all the ammunition that protects the player during the game, there is hardly at least one hockey player on the ground who has never been injured.Of course, no one is immune from this, and you should not be afraid at all, play hockey yourself and be afraid to send your child there. But you need to make sure that the child develops correctly, and then part of the alleged injuries, such as sprains, for example, can be avoided. In the first article: hockey injuries, we talked with you what are the most common injuries occurring in hockey players. Today I would like to raise a not very pleasant “kind” of injuries in hockey, namely injuries, which are inflicted on purpose.

Who specifically injures and why?

Let’s imagine: NHL playoffs , Minnesota with Kirill Kaprizova is fighting for the next stage. Is it easier for an opponent to beat the savages without Kirill Kaprizov? Definitely yes. This means that Kaprizov must be incapacitated in any way, you can simply “break”. A banal example from the head, but it clearly reflects the motivation for causing injury. And this can happen at any level: from children’s hockey to amateur hockey.And in all this there is one “but” – hockey players in the NHL play for money, but children and amateurs do not. And, sadly, deliberate injury occurs not in NHL or KHL , but in children’s sports, and less often in amateur sports. Unfortunately, the situation when the coach of the children’s team is ready to “set” any of his pupils against the leader of the opposing team in order to take him out of the game in any way. Yes, this is unacceptable from a human point of view, but this is one of the ways to achieve the desired result, and therefore it must also be kept in mind. How to prepare a hockey player for such a development of events? Always be attentive during the game, as collected and concentrated as possible.

Injury by a teammate.

And then, dear friends, we will sink to the very “bottom” of human morality: a budding hockey player can be injured by his own teammate. Yes, yes, own partner , your eyes did not deceive you, and now I will explain why this can also happen.Let’s fantasize a bit again – there is a certain team, which brings a young and talented player , but still “damp”. Also in this team there are so-called “old-timers”. And according to the law of sports competition, a talented newcomer will simply move one of these same “old-timer” out of the roster, but then a person may have to change the club. But he does not want to do this, he has already taken root, the money is good, and he also likes the team with the guys.

How to eliminate the loss of a place in the squad?

You can improve it in training and win the competition for a place in the squad, or you can smear a beginner on the side from the back during training and set it up as a game episode. Mean? Undoubtedly. But, to our great regret, these episodes also take place. Of course, this happens more than in professional sports than in amateur, but this can also happen in children’s and youth hockey, only the initiators of such behavior of a player can become … parents of . It’s just that the parents, who overflow for their child, incite their son to such actions in order to save a place in the composition. How to protect your child from such a development of events? Recommendations are the same: attentiveness, concentration, and readiness for everything.One must learn to see not only in front of oneself, but also around oneself, to stand well on skates and to keep punches, to think with one’s head ahead of events. All this, of course, is not easy, and it does not give a 100% guarantee, but at least minimizes the possible risks of injury.

Unfortunately, such an unpleasant side in hockey also takes place, and it must be reckoned with. Well, for you, dear readers, we wish to do without injuries, not only on the ice rink, but also in everyday life!

90,000 Sudden death in sports.Why? – Risk.ru

Forbes magazine published a list of the most dangerous sports in 2002:
– Base jumping (skydiving from high-rise buildings and bridges)
– Free diving (diving without scuba gear)
– Diving in underwater caves
– Downhill skiing
– Windsurfing on big waves
– BMX and mountain bike
– Mountaineering
– Kayaking on the rivers of the 5th category (“White water”)…

Interesting analytical articles on the sites “Atmosphere” and “Sports Medicine”

Sudden death in sports: why?

The tragic news that came from Chekhov, where the heart of a 19-year-old hockey player stopped right during the match the day before, made us talk again about why the motto “Oh sport, you are life” sometimes directly contradicts reality …

It happened in Portugal on January 24 2004 during a match between the local teams Benfica and Vitoria Guimares.At 60 minutes into the game, Benfica’s coach brought the team’s number 29 on the field, 24-year-old striker Miklos Feher. A handsome tall striker – a “heartthrob” from distant Hungaria, as they say, in temperamental Portugal managed to break more than one girl’s heart.

Then what happened was what millions of viewers saw later. In one of the sharp attacks, Feher broke the rules, received a yellow card from the referee, smiled, took two steps and fell to the ground with his knees tucked in. Later, doctors will record his cardiac arrest.The players and many fans, wiping away their tears, prayed on their knees right on the field that the Almighty would help the unfortunate Hungarian.

It seemed that God heard the prayers of the players and fans. After the first cardiac arrest, the doctors managed to start it again, but in the ambulance rushing to the hospital, it again refused to work, but the doctors forced it to beat again, and already in the hospital, after the third stop, the medicine was powerless …

The sudden death of a young and apparently healthy person becomes a real tragedy for society and family, especially if it happens to athletes who have always been a symbol of health and strength.

Fortunately, sudden death in sports is a fairly rare event. The official definition of “sudden death in sports” includes deaths occurring directly during physical exertion, as well as within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms that forced to change or stop their activities. Among the causes of death of athletes, injuries are not in the first place. The most common causes are as follows:

– Cardiac causes
– Injury
– Pharmaceuticals (doping)

Statistics of sudden death in sports

Sudden death due to sports as a medical problem has existed for at least 2500 years.In an Athens newspaper of 490 BC, the following message was published: “Tragedy in Marathon. A young Athenian soldier named Fiddipides died after a long-distance race. The Senate ordered an investigation, find out the causes of death and identify the culprits …” ..

The Australian Study on Serious Injuries and Deaths in Sports cites statistics over a two-year period, with a combined death rate of 0.8 per 100,000 athletes per year. Moreover, for men it is significantly higher (1.5 cases per year) than for women (0.1 cases).

Statistics on fatal injuries in sports are also infrequent and vary by country. For example, in Switzerland, where winter sports prevail, in 2000 the first place in mortality was occupied by alpine skiing (6200 accidents, 40% of which were fatal). In second place is downhill skiing (42,000 cases, 19% fatal), followed by snowboarding (24,500 cases, 19% fatal).

Australia has different statistics. Between 2001 and 2003, it was found that most serious injuries and deaths occurred in sports such as motor sports (32% of total injuries), equestrian sports (14% of total injuries), Australian football, water skiing and speedboat racing (9% of total injuries) (Gabbe B.J et al., 2005).

In early 1990, the US National Safety Council published a report on deaths in American sports for 1984-1989. The most dangerous sport was mountaineering. For every 10 thousand people conventionally involved in mountaineering, there are 56 fatal accidents.

Forbes magazine published a list of the most dangerous sports in 2002:

– Base jumping (parachuting from high-rise buildings and bridges)
– Free diving (diving without scuba gear)
– Diving in underwater caves
– Downhill skiing
– Windsurfing on big waves
– BMX and mountain bike
– Mountaineering
– Kayaking on the rivers of the 5th category (“White water”)
– Cardiovascular disease and death in sports

Sudden death in sports due to cardiac causes occupies a special branch of cardiology.This is a complex and profound medical problem that we will only touch on the surface in this review. Sudden cardiac death in sports can be divided into three categories:

– commotio cordis syndrome, in which a sharp and violent blow to the chest causes fatal cardiac arrhythmias;
– sudden cardiac death of young athletes (less than 30 years old), which is predominantly due to structural, usually hereditary, heart disease;
– sudden cardiac death from coronary heart disease, which is the leading cause of death in athletes over 30 and most often occurs in sports such as running, cycling and other sports with intense dynamic stress.

Risk of heart complications in sports

Hillis W.S. gives a table where the main sports are classified according to the degree of intensity and the requirements of dynamic and static work.

A. High intensity

1. High dynamic and static requirements

American football
Boxing
Cross-country skiing
Alpine skiing
Fencing
Ice hockey
Rowing
Rugby
Sprint Run
Ice skating
Water polo
Struggle

2.High dynamic but low static requirements

Badminton
Baseball
Basketball
Field hockey
Lacrosse
Orienteering
Race walking
Squash
Long distance running
Swimming
Table tennis
Tennis
Volleyball
Football

3. Low dynamic but high static requirements

Archery
Jumping and throwing
Moto-sport
Water skiing
Motorsport
Diving
Equestrian sport
Gymnastics
Sailing
Ski jumping
Weightlifting

B.Low intensity

Low dynamic and static requirements

Bowling
Cricket
Curling
Golf
Shooting

Prevention of sudden cardiac death

The most important preventive measures:

– Constantly undergo medical examinations.
Early detection of the disease reduces the risk of sudden death and promotes more successful treatment.

– Avoid overly intense exercise.
All athletes should be aware of the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with vigorous athletic activity. A person should choose for himself a sport that is suitable for his age and general physical condition. Untrained people should not start participating in high-intensity sports without a proper training period. The pulse should not be higher than 170 beats per minute, especially if the athlete is over 35 years old. To adapt to physical activity, athletes must warm up well, warm up and not cool their bodies during the entire period of training.This strategy will help reduce the likelihood of arrhythmias in the post-workout period.

– React to the first signs.
The first signs of illness, such as chest pain or increased fatigue, precede sudden cardiac death. If you have these symptoms, you should immediately stop physical activity and seek medical attention. The over-enthusiasm of the marathon runners and spectators, who reward these athletes through pain to the finish line, is of great concern.You should not encourage such an attitude towards athletes, as it is potentially dangerous for them. You should also avoid strenuous exercise during colds and infectious diseases.

– Avoid overheating the body.
Since high temperatures increase heart rate and can cause arrhythmias, hot baths and showers should be avoided immediately after exercise. You should also avoid high-intensity exercise at high ambient temperatures, because factors such as loss of fluid and trace elements (Na, K) can play a fatal role.Such environmental factors are taken into account in many squash judges in the UK. In endurance events such as the marathon, fluid and electrolyte losses must be replenished by the athletes to the greatest extent possible. Although “handouts” are available in most marathon marathon competitions, not all athletes use them as much as they need.

– No smoking.
All athletes should avoid smoking. Not only is smoking a risk factor for coronary artery disease, it also causes an increase in serum free fatty acids and increases the production of catecholamines, which can cause arrhythmias, especially immediately after exercise.

Death in sports due to injuries

Most often death occurs due to severe injuries of the following parts of the body:

– Head
– Neck
– chest
– Abdominal cavity
– Head injury
– Doping and death in sports

The first recorded death from the use of pharmacological drugs in sports occurred in 1879, when an English cyclist in France died of an overdose of amphetamines while racing.At the 1960 Olympics in Rome, a Danish cyclist died of the same drugs. These deaths passed almost unnoticed. Only when the English athlete Tommy Simpson, who was using stimulants, suddenly died on the road at the Tour de France cycling race in 1967 right on the track, in full view of millions of TV viewers, did the International Olympic Committee seriously think about the problem of doping. The following year, doping control was introduced for the first time at the Mexico City Olympics.

In 1987, erythropetin caused the deaths of approximately 20 European cyclists.While erythropoietin has not been proven to cause the death of these athletes, many experts argue that high doses of erythropoietin combined with dehydration result in fatal blood clots, resulting in embolism and death. Despite scandals and deaths during the 1998 Tour de France, experts continue to argue that erythropoietin is widespread among cyclists, as well as skiers, stayers and swimmers. (Meduna V., 2000)

Scientific journals describe many cases of death of athletes who used doping drugs, and the largest number of them are associated with the use of anabolic steroids in bodybuilding.

A number of publications describe sudden deaths of young bodybuilders and powerlifters. Luke J.L. and co-authors (Luke J.L. et al., 1990) describe the death of a 21-year-old athlete during powerlifting (directly during abdominal exercises). The athlete has been using steroids (nandrolone) in the previous several months. Death came from cardiac arrest.

Dickerman R.D. (Dickerman R.D. et al., 1995) describes the death of a 20-year-old bodybuilder who took steroids and died of cardiopulmonary shock.Another publication by this author and other coauthors (Dickerman R.D. et al., 1996) describes the death of a 26-year-old bodybuilder who died from pulmonary thromboembolism. The mechanism of the effect of anabolic steroids on the blood coagulation system is considered as the reason. It is based on the binding of steroids to receptors on the surface of platelets, which leads to their activation and the start of clotting processes and thrombus formation. Dickerman R.D. writes that in most cases the sudden death of bodybuilders is associated with thromboembolism, and depending on the localization of the thrombus, cardiopulmonary shock, myocardial infarction, and cerebral stroke become the causes of death.

Kennedy M.C. and Lawrence C. describe the deaths of 18-year-old and 24-year-old football players due to sudden cardiac arrest during training (Kennedy M.C., Lawrence C., 1995). The coronary arteries were absolutely healthy, no blood clots were found either. Both had traces of anabolic steroids in their urine. The cause of death is considered myocardial hypertrophy, which was found in both.

Kierzkowska B. describes a case of myocardial infarction (an athlete was saved) in a 17-year-old bodybuilder who took anabolic steroids (clenbuterol) (Kierzkowska B.et al., 2005).

From this small review it is clear that the mechanisms of the negative effect of pharmacological drugs on the body are not always clear, and the causes of death may be different, but nevertheless they all have a common cause – failure of the cardiovascular system.

Now in the “black lists” of the International Olympic Committee there are 142 drugs, not counting their analogues and substitutes: 30 types of anabolic steroids, 32 types of diuretics, 4 types of peptides, 42 types of stimulants, 34 types of drugs, as well as two methods – “blood doping “and” urine change “.In addition, there is no outright ban on a number of drugs. But the level of the content of substances present in them in the athlete’s body is limited. A typical example is caffeine.

There is no absolutely harmless drug – any of them is potentially dangerous and can cause deterioration of the athlete’s health and his death. And this does not at all depend on whether this drug is prohibited by the IOC or not.

90,000 We debunk the myths about sports.: SUDDEN DEATH IN SPORT.

Death on the pitch
It happened in Portugal on January 24, 2004, during a match between the local teams Benfica and Vitoria Guimares. At 60 minutes into the game, Benfica’s coach brought the team’s number 29, 24-year-old striker Miklos Feher, onto the pitch. A handsome tall striker – a “heartthrob” from distant Hungaria, as they say, in temperamental Portugal managed to break more than one girl’s heart.
What happened next was what millions of viewers saw later.In one of the sharp attacks, Feher broke the rules, received a yellow card from the referee, smiled, took two steps and fell to the ground with his knees tucked in. Later, doctors will record his cardiac arrest. The players and many fans, wiping away their tears, prayed on their knees right on the field that the Almighty would help the unfortunate Hungarian.
God seemed to have heard the pleas of the players and fans. After the first cardiac arrest, the doctors managed to start it again, but in an ambulance rushing to the hospital, it again refused to work, but the doctors forced him to beat again, and already in the hospital, after the third stop, the medicine was powerless…

The sudden death of a young and apparently healthy person becomes a real tragedy for society and family, especially if it happens to athletes who have always been a symbol of health and strength. Fortunately, sudden death is a rare event in sports. The official definition of “sudden death in sports” provides for cases of death occurring directly during physical exertion, as well as within 1 – 24 hours from the moment the first symptoms appeared that made them change or stop their activities.Among the causes of death of athletes, injuries are not in the first place. The most common causes are as follows:

• Cardiac causes
• Injury
• Pharmaceuticals (doping)

Sudden Death Statistics in Sports

a

972
Sports-related sudden death has been a medical problem for at least 2,500 years.In an Athens newspaper of 490 BC, the following message was published: “Tragedy in Marathon. A young Athenian soldier named Fiddipides died after a long-distance race. The Senate ordered an investigation, find out the causes of death and identify those responsible …” (Smolensky A.V., Lyubina B.G., 2002).

The Australian Study of Serious Injury and Death in Sports (Gabbe BJ et al., 2005) reported statistics over a 2-year period (July 2001 to June 2003) with a combined death rate of 0.8 per 100,000 athletes per year. …Moreover, for men it is significantly higher (1.5 cases per year) than for women (0.1 cases). In a review article by Hillis W.S. and co-authors cite similar figures – 2 cases per year per 100,000 athletes. Moreover, in most cases, the cause of death is heart problems (Hillis W.S. et al., 1994).

In table 2, the sports are divided according to the degree of intensity. According to statistics, the largest number of sudden cardiac deaths occurs in sports with a high dynamic load (subgroups A1 and A2).

Statistics on fatal injuries in sports are also infrequent and highly country-specific. For example, in Switzerland, where winter sports prevail in 2000. the first place in mortality was occupied by alpine skiing (6,200 accidents, 40% of which were fatal), followed by downhill skiing (42,000 cases, 19% fatal), followed by snowboarding (24,500 cases, 19% fatal).

In Australia, statistics are different (Table 1). Between 2001 and 2003, sports such as motorcycling (32% of total injuries), equestrian sports (14% of total injuries), Australian football, water skiing and racing were found to be the most severe injuries and deaths. on speed boats (9% of total injuries) (Gabbe B.J et al., 2005).

In early 1990, the US National Safety Council published a report on US sports fatalities for 1984-1989. The most dangerous sport was mountaineering. For every 10 thousand people conventionally involved in mountaineering, there are 56 fatal accidents.

The US National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research has kept records of all severe and fatal sports injuries since 1982.According to them, for the period from 1982 to 2008, cheerleading was the most deadly sport – 11 deaths, 36 non-fatal severe injuries that led to lifelong disability of the athlete and 65 serious injuries resulting in temporary loss of motor activity. Also in basketball, there were 17 deaths secondary to injuries (indirect fatal injuries), one death occurred in the US women’s artistic gymnastics, 8 non-fatal severe injuries resulting in lifelong disability of an athlete and 3 serious injuries resulting in temporary loss of motor activity ( Twenty-sixth annual report of National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research).

Forbes magazine in 2002. has published a list of the most life-threatening sports:

• Bise jumping (skydiving from high-rise buildings and bridges)
• Free diving (diving without scuba gear)
• Diving in underwater caves
• Downhill Skiing
• Big Wave Windsurfing
• BMX & Mountain Bike
• Mountaineering
• Kayaking on rivers of the 5th category (“White Water”)

Cardiovascular disease and death in sports

Sudden death in sports due to cardiac causes occupies a special branch of cardiology.This is a complex and profound medical problem that we will only touch on the surface in this review. Sudden cardiac death in sports can be divided into three categories:

1. commotio cordis syndrome, in which a sharp and violent blow to the chest causes a fatal arrhythmia of the heart;
2. Sudden cardiac death in young athletes (less than 30 years of age), which is predominantly due to structural, usually hereditary, heart disease;
3. Sudden cardiac death from coronary heart disease, which is the leading cause of death in athletes over the age of 30 and most often occurs in sports such as running, cycling and other intense dynamic sports (Pedoe D.T., 2000).

Table 1 – Severe and fatal injuries in various sports in Victoria (Australia) from July 2001 to June 2003 inclusive (n = 198). (Gabbe B.J et al., 2005)
Kind of sport	Quantity	% of all injuries	The rate of severe and fatal injuries
Motor sports	63	31.8	3
Equestrian	28	14.1	29.7
Australian Football	17	8.6	5.5
Water Skis / Water Skis	17	8.6	31.5
Swimming	14	7.1	1.8
Aeronautics	12	6.1 n
Fishing	10	5.1	9.2
BMX and mountain bike	5	2.5	n / a
Skis 4		2.5
Rock climbing	4	2	6.6
Other	24	12.1	n / a

4

Noakes T.D. in the book “Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science” lists the cardiac causes of sudden death of athletes (Table 2). Firoozi S. et al. In their review of sudden death among young (under 30) athletes note that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy accounts for more than 50% of all deaths due to cardiac pathology in this group of athletes. Also, the cause of sudden death of a young athlete can be right ventricular dysplasia, valvular heart disease, aortic stenosis, Marfan syndrome, coronary artery abnormalities, myocarditis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and Long QT syndrome, commotio cordis syndrome.At the same time, Boraita A. writes that the cause of sudden death of middle-aged athletes (after 35 years) in 90% of cases is coronary heart disease, which never occurs in young athletes (Boraita A., 2002; Firoozi S. et al., 2003 ).

Risk of heart complications in sports

Hillis W.S. gives a table where the main sports are classified according to the degree of intensity and the requirements of dynamic and static work.

Table 2 – Cardiac causes of sudden death in sports. (Noakes TD)
Ischemic heart disease
Coronary artery atherosclerosis Coronary artery spasm Coronary artery thrombosis Coronary artery bypass grafting Coronary artery rupture Coronary artery rupture2 Hypoplastic2 Structural pathologies
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Idiopathic concentric left ventricular hypertrophy Right ventricular dysplasia Mitral valve prolapse Valvular heart disease Marfan’s syndrome heart stenosis Marfan syndrome Cardiac stenosis
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Shortened PQ syndrome Long QT syndrome Ventricular arrhythmias Hyperplasia of the media and prololi feration of the intima of the artery of the main sinus node
Other causes
Myocarditis Anabolic steroid use Cocaine use Beck’s disease Non-penetrating chest trauma (9037 commotio

A. High intensity

9044 Diving Athletics 1.High dynamic and static requirements American football Boxing Cross-country skiing Alpine skiing Fencing Ice hockey Rowing Rugby 9044 9024 Sprint skating 2. High dynamic but low static requirements Bambinton Baseball Basketball Field hockey Lacrosse Athletic orienteering Walking 9024 Tennis squash 902 tennis Volleyball Football 3.Low dynamic, but high static requirements Archery Jumping and Throwing Motorsports Waterskiing Autosport Diving Equestrian Gymnastics 904 Trampoline

B. Low Intensity

Bowling 9044 Low Dynamic and Static Requirements Bowling 9044 Bowling

People who have one or more pathologies from Table.1, sports activities related to group A are contraindicated (1,2,3). Only after face-to-face consultation, diagnosis and treatment, the cardiologist, depending on the diagnosis, can allow him to engage in sports belonging to the A3 subgroup and B group (Hillis W.S. et al., 1994).

Prevention of sudden cardiac death

In an article by Northcote R.J. and Ballantyne D. (Northcote R.J., Ballantyne D., 1983) the following most important preventive measures are given:

• Undergo regular medical examinations
  Early detection of the disease reduces the risk of sudden death and promotes more successful treatment.
• Avoid Excessive Exercise
  All athletes should be aware of the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with vigorous athletic activity. A person should choose for himself a sport that is suitable for his age and general physical condition. Untrained people should not start participating in high-intensity sports without a proper training period. The pulse should not be higher than 170 beats per minute, especially if the athlete is over 35 years old.To adapt to physical activity, athletes must warm up well, warm up and not cool their bodies during the entire period of training. This strategy will help reduce the likelihood of arrhythmias in the post-workout period.
• Respond to early signs
  The first signs of illness, such as chest pain or increased fatigue, precede sudden cardiac death. If you have these symptoms, you should immediately stop physical activity and seek medical attention.The over-enthusiasm of the marathon runners and spectators, who reward these athletes through pain to the finish line, is of great concern. You should not encourage such an attitude towards athletes, as it is potentially dangerous for them. It is also worth avoiding intense exercise during colds and infectious diseases.
• Avoid overheating the body
  Since high temperatures increase the heart rate and can cause arrhythmias, hot baths and showers should be avoided immediately after exercise.You should also avoid high-intensity loads at high ambient temperatures, because factors such as loss of fluid and trace elements (Na, K) can play a fatal role. Such environmental factors are taken into account in many squash judges in the UK. In endurance events such as the marathon, fluid and electrolyte losses must be replenished by the athletes to the greatest extent possible. Although “handouts” are available in most marathon marathon competitions, not all athletes use them as much as they need.
• No smoking
  All athletes should avoid smoking. Not only is smoking a risk factor for coronary artery disease, it also causes an increase in serum free fatty acids and increases the production of catecholamines, which can cause arrhythmias, especially immediately after exercise.

Death in sports due to injuries

Tragedy at the 2010 Olympics
The tragedy of February 12, 2010 in Vancouver shocked the whole world – the death of an athlete during the Olympic Games is an unprecedented event.
Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili could not stay on the track during training in Whistler, flew out of the track at a speed of about 140 kilometers and hit an iron pole. The blow was of such monstrous force that the helmet was useless. In addition, the blow fell not only on the head, but also on the athlete’s neck and back, which were not protected by anything. The efforts of the doctors were in vain – 21-year-old Nodar Kumaritashvili died without regaining consciousness. The death of the athlete was stated in the hospital, where the ambulance team brought him.

Most often death occurs due to severe injuries of the following parts of the body:

• Head
• Neck
• Chest
• Abdominal cavity

Head Injury

Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury is very common in sports where collisions are frequent. They can be diffuse or focal.

Diffuse:
Mild: no loss of consciousness and a period of amnesia
Medium: there is some loss of consciousness
Severe: axonal damage, loss of consciousness for more than 6 hours with residual neurological and psychological impairment.Focal:
These are intracranial hematomas (contusion of the brain, intracerebral extradural / subdural hematomas, which are diagnosed by computed tomography of the head.

Extracranial injuries
Extracranial injuries are common in contact and high speed sports (such as soccer or alpine skiing). Although low, there is a possibility of respiratory distress and facial disfigurement. Injuries include facial fractures, facial crush injuries, and dental injuries.Mouth guards and helmets can prevent such injuries. Fractures of both the lower and upper jaw (zygomatic bone and orbits) are possible.

Treatment:
Treatment consists of airway restoration, bleeding control (nasal swabs; for intracranial swabs, surgery), and surgical stabilization for 3 weeks.

Chest injury

Immediate life-threatening : airway obstruction, tight / open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, dangling chest (for fractures of the sternum or ribs), and cardiac tamponade.

Potentially life-threatening : myocardial contusion (commotio cordis syndrome), pulmonary contusion, destruction of the aorta / airway / esophagus, and large hernia.

Concussion (commotio cordis syndrome)

Sudden death from a relatively minor blow to the chest (concussion) was reported in the medical literature in the late 1970s. Since the first description of this phenomenon, 70 such cases have been recorded. This figure is likely an understatement because many cases are not reported or are reported as accidental or idiopathic sudden death.Concussion occurs most frequently in sports such as baseball, ice hockey, lacrosse, softball, wrestling, and after blows to the torso in other sports. The number of incidents in cricket is not known, but given that the ball here is exactly the same size, weight and hardness as a baseball, cricketers may also be at risk for concussion.

People who have suffered a concussion are young, healthy, mostly men. The victims had no history of heart disease or other chronic diseases.The blow hit the chest area right at the level of the heart, and the speed of the blow was typical for athletes. As a rule, loss of consciousness occurs, but sometimes there are moments of clarity during which the victim complains of a headache. Most often, ventricular fibrillation occurs initially; however, complete block, rapid idioventricular rhythm, and asystole have also been described. Resuscitation is more difficult than expected, especially because athletes have no history of heart disease and immediate resuscitation is often required.Autopsy does not reveal any abnormalities of the heart or chest. In these victims, the most likely mechanism of sudden death is ventricular fibrillation as a result of a blow to the chest at a vulnerable moment in the cardiac cycle. Other possible causes are complete heart block, pronounced vagal response, electromechanical dissociation.

Previous experimental models of a shock to the chest used a high force impact, almost certainly resulting in some degree of damage to the heart and chest.These models, however, reflected motor impairments and the effect of stroke propagation in tissue more than concussion. In an attempt to delineate the mechanism of sudden death from a low-strength chest impact, American researchers led by Mark Link developed an experimental model of a low-intensity chest impact. In this model, a baseball was struck at 30 mph into the chest of a young pig that had been anesthetized. The stroke was correlated with the cardiac cycle.With the help of an electrostimulator to control the moment of release of the striking object and knowing the flight speed of 130 ms, the strike could be produced at any selected time of the cardiac cycle. In this model, ventricular fibrillation was re-induced by hitting a stroke in the 15 ms interval during T wave elevation (30 to 15 ms before the peak of the T wave). Fibrillation initiation was consistently associated with shock and was not preceded by ischemic ST segment changes, extrasystole, bradyarrhythmia, or ventricular tachycardia.Ventricular fibrillation was not caused by the impact of a stroke in other parts of the cardiac cycle. Short bursts of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia were obtained when a stroke was struck immediately behind the zone of the cardiac cycle vulnerable to ventricular fibrillation. In addition, transient complete heart block (up to 7 beats) was obtained with a stroke in the QRS complex, and a left bundle branch block was obtained with a stroke throughout the cardiac cycle. Simultaneous angiography revealed no epicardial coronary pathology.Sometimes transient disturbances in the movement of the heart wall in the apex region and moderate defects in the blood supply to the apex were detected. None of the animals had chest abnormalities or serious cardiac abnormalities. The data obtained with this model matched the data obtained in people with concussion.

In subsequent experiments with this model, they demonstrated that the density of the impacting object directly correlates with the risk of ventricular fibrillation.With a very soft object, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 8% of strokes to the vulnerable zone. With a standard baseball, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 35% of strokes; with a wooden block, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 90% of strokes. A cricket ball has the same density as a baseball. Therefore, hitting the heart with a cricket ball at the appropriate time could theoretically lead to sudden death. Athletes in many sports are at risk of this concussion risk (albeit small).Attempts to reduce the risk are already being practiced (in the US baseball league young players are increasingly using “safer” softer balls). Other techniques such as chest protection are also helpful (Link M.S. 1999).

Abdominal trauma

These are usually blunt abdominal injuries that go hand in hand with many other injuries. Computed tomography of the abdomen and lavage of the abdomen (peritoneal lavage) may be necessary for diagnosis.

Reanimation

It consists of assessing the situation, prioritizing and treating at the same time.
Initial examination (airway patency, breathing, circulation) – resuscitation, lung ventilation, electrical and supportive drugs. Secondary examination regarding potential problems and need for surgery.

Doping and death in sports

Fig. 1 – 1967. Unsuccessful resuscitation of cyclist Tommy Simpson who used amphetamines.

The first recorded death from the use of pharmaceuticals in sports occurred in 1879, when an English cyclist in France died of an overdose of amphetamines while racing.At the 1960 Olympics in Rome, a Danish cyclist died of the same drugs. These deaths passed almost unnoticed. Only when the English athlete Tommy Simpson (Fig. 1), who was using stimulants, suddenly died on the road at the Tour de France cycling race in 1967 right on the track, in full view of millions of TV viewers, did the International Olympic Committee seriously think about the problem of doping. The following year, doping control was introduced for the first time at the Mexico City Olympics.
In 1987, erythropetin caused the deaths of approximately 20 European cyclists. While erythropoietin has not been proven to cause the death of these athletes, many experts argue that high doses of erythropoietin combined with dehydration result in fatal blood clots resulting in embolism and death. Despite scandals and deaths during the 1998 Tour de France, experts continue to argue that erythropoietin is widespread among cyclists, as well as skiers, stayers and swimmers.(Meduna V., 2000)

Scientific journals describe many cases of death of athletes who used doping drugs, and the largest number of them are associated with the use of anabolic steroids in bodybuilding.

A number of publications describe sudden deaths of young bodybuilders and powerlifters. Luke J.L. and co-authors (Luke J.L. et al., 1990) describe the death of a 21-year-old athlete during powerlifting (directly during abdominal exercises). The athlete has been using steroids (nandrolone) for the previous several months.Death came from cardiac arrest.

Dickerman R.D. (Dickerman R.D. et al., 1995) describes the death of a 20-year-old bodybuilder who took steroids and died of cardiopulmonary shock. Another publication by this author and others (Dickerman R.D. et al., 1996) describes the death of a 26-year-old bodybuilder who died as a result of pulmonary thromboembolism. The mechanism of the effect of anabolic steroids on the blood coagulation system is considered as the reason. It is based on the binding of steroids to receptors on the surface of platelets, which leads to their activation and the start of clotting processes and thrombus formation.Dickerman R.D. writes that in most cases the sudden death of bodybuilders is associated with thromboembolism and, depending on the localization of the thrombus, cardiopulmonary shock, myocardial infarction, and cerebral stroke become the causes of death.

Kennedy M.C. and Lawrence C. describe the deaths of 18-year-old and 24-year-old football players due to sudden cardiac arrest during training (Kennedy M.C., Lawrence C., 1995). The coronary arteries were absolutely healthy, no blood clots were found either. Both had traces of anabolic steroids in their urine.The cause of death is considered myocardial hypertrophy, which was found in both.

Kierzkowska B. describes a case of myocardial infarction (the athlete was saved) in a 17-year-old bodybuilder who took clenbuterol (a selective β2-adrenergic agonist with prolonged action with anabolic and fat burning effects) (Kierzkowska B. et al., 2005).

From this small review it is clear that the mechanisms of the negative effect of pharmacological drugs on the body are not always clear and the causes of death may be different, but nevertheless they all have a common cause – failure of the cardiovascular system.

Now in the “black lists” of the International Olympic Committee there are 142 drugs, not counting their analogues and substitutes: 30 types of anabolic steroids, 32 types of diuretics, 4 types of peptides, 42 types of stimulants, 34 types of drugs, as well as two methods – “blood doping” and “change of urine”. In addition, there is no outright ban on a number of drugs. But the level of the content of substances present in them in the athlete’s body is limited. A typical example is caffeine.

Table 3 shows the classes of doping drugs and their effects.The table shows that there is no absolutely harmless drug – any of them is potentially dangerous and can cause deterioration of the athlete’s health and his death. And this does not at all depend on whether this drug is prohibited by the IOC or not.

Anesthetic blockers 9044

9 0444 Slows down the heartbeat and stabilizes movement

9

Table 3 – Classes of doping drugs and their effects (Meduna V., 2000)
	Anabolic steroids	Diuretics	Stimulants	blood Doping	Peptide hormones
Sample	Nandrolin Stanozol	Frusemin spironolactone	Caffeine 90,224 Cocaine 90,224 Amphetamine	Methadone 90,224 Codeine 90,224 Heroin	Atenolol 90 224 oxprenolol 90 224 Propranolol	Erythropoietin	Growth hormone
Effects	Increases muscle mass, aggression and physical ability	Decreases weight, masks other doping drugs	Increases alertness, reduces fatigue	Eliminates pain, causes a feeling of euphoria	Increases the number of red blood cells	Increases muscle mass
Sports	Weightlifting, football, swimming	Weightlifting, 901 9044 Boxing, wrestling 9044 , useless in endurance competitions	Archery, pistol, shotgun	Cycling, long distance running, skiing	Strength sports, athletics
Side effects	Irregular menstruation, pimples	Dehydration, colic, loss of minerals	Hyperactivity, anxiety, tachycardia	Aggravates injuries and injuries	Causes asthma symptoms		Enlarged fingers, diabetes
Life-threatening consequences heart, liver and kidney, infertility	Kidney failure, cardiac arrest	Excessive tachycardia, drug addiction	Overdose leads to loss of consciousness or coma	Excessive bradycardia	Increased blood viscosity	904 902 No data yet

Used literature

• Boraita A.Sudden Death and Sport. Is There a Feasible Way to Prevent it in Athletes? Rev Esp Cardiol. 2002, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 333-336. [Fulltext PDF]
• Dickerman R.D., Mcconathy W.J., Schaller F., Zachariah N.Y. Cardiovascular complications and anabolic steroids. Eur Heart J. 1996, vol. 17, pp. 1912. [Fulltext PDF]
• Dickerman R.D., Schaller F., Prather I., McConathy W.J. Sudden cardiac death in a 20-year-old bodybuilder using anabolic steroids. Cardiology. 1995, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 172-173.
• Firoozi S., Sharma S., McKenna W.J. Risk of competitive sport in young athletes with heart disease. Heart. 2003, vol., No. 89, pp. 710-714. [Fulltext PDF]
• Gabbe B.J., Finch C.F., Cameron P.A., Williamson O.D. Incidence of serious injury and death during sport and recreation activities in Victoria, Australia.Br J Sports Med. 2005, vol. 39, pp. 573-577. [Fulltext PDF]
• Hillis W.S., McIntyre P.D., Maclean J., Goodwin J.F., McKenna W.J. ABC of Sports Medicine: Sudden death in sport.BMJ. 1994, vol. 309, pp. 657-660. [Fulltext HTML]
• Kennedy M.C., Lawrence C. Anabolic steroid abuse and cardiac death. Med J Aust. 1993, vol. 158, no. 5, pp. 346-348.
• Kierzkowska B., Stanczyk J., Kasprzak J.D. Myocardial infarction in a 17-year-old body builder using clenbuterol. Circ J. 2005, vol. 69, pp. 1144-1146. [Fulltext PDF]
• Link MS. Commotio cordis: sudden death due to chest wall impact in sports. Heart. 1999, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 109-110.
• Luke J.L., Farb A., Virmani R., Sample R.H. Sudden cardiac death during exercise in a weight lifter using anabolic androgenic steroids: pathological and toxicological findings. J Forensic Sci. 1990, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1441-1447.
• Meduna V. Drugs in sport. RSNZ, Education Gamma: The Science behind the news. 2000, http://www.rsnz.org/education/gamma/. [Fulltext PDF]
• Noakes T.D. Sudden death and exercise. In: Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science, T.D. Fahey (Editor). Internet Society for Sport Science.1998, http: //sportsci.org. [Fulltext HTML]
• Northcote R.J., Ballantyne D. Sudden cardiac death in sport. Br Med J. 1983, vol. 287, pp. 1357-1359. [Fulltext PDF]
• Pedoe D.T. Sudden cardiac death in sport — specter or preventable risk? Br J Sports Med. 2000, vol. 34, pp. 137-140. [Fulltext PDF]
• Suárez-Mier M.P., Aguilera B. Causes of sudden death during sports activities in Spain. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2002, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 347-358. [Fulltext PDF]
• Twenty-sixth annual report of National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research.http://www.unc.edu/depts/nccsi. 2008.
• Smolenskiy A.V., Lyubina B.G. Sudden Death in Sports: Myths and Reality. Theory and practice of physical. culture. 2002, No. 10, pp. 39-42. [Fulltext HTML]

Original. http://www.sportmedicine.ru/sudden_death.php 90,000 Russian seasons 2020. Young blood | National Hockey League

Andrey SVECHNIKOV, n, 19 years old, Karolina
17 + 21 = 38 in 40 games, 30 minutes of penalty, plus -15

Playing time: 16:38 (3:03 in majority, 0:02 in the minority)

Most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: Jordan Staal (269: 45), Warren Vogel (236: 18), Sebastian Aho (205: 34)

For the first half of the 2019-20 season Svechnikov has already managed to go down in NHL history by “patenting” lacrosse-style goals – the first he scored on October 29 against David Rittich from Calgary (2: 1), the second – on December 18 against Connor Hellebuck from Winnipeg (6: 3).

Video: VIN-KAR: Svechnikov takes the puck into the heap for the second time

But even without these heads Svechnikov increasingly makes him talk about himself in enthusiastic tones. Even when coaches breed him with other Hurricanes leaders Sebastian Aho and Teivo Teravainen on different levels, Svechnikov continues to dominate the ice in literally every shift. His SAT%, equal to 58.3% in a five-on-five game, is not just the best figure among Russians, but also the fifth in the entire league if we are talking about players who have played at least 10 matches.Not to mention the fact that Andrey repeated his last year’s result in points (37) this time by Christmas.

Two-minute deletions (already 15 since the beginning of the season) are still a problem, but they say much less about them. Simply because Svechnikov, whose playing time this season has deservedly increased by two minutes compared to last year (14:39), fully fulfills them with goals and assists.

Klim KOSTIN, n, 20 years old, St. Louis
1 + 0 = 1 in 4 games, plus-1

Playing time: 8:32 (0:00 in the majority, 0:00 outnumbered)

Most frequent five-on-five partners: Mackenzie McKeern (18:49), Jacob de la Rose (13:40), Robert Thomas (9:48)

At training camp Costin split the St. Louis preseason top scorer (3 + 3 = 6 in four games) with Jaden Schwartz and Braden Shenn, showing that he is quite ready to play in the NHL.Not ready for this turned out to be “St. Louis” himself, who already had four full-threes attackers who could not be sent to the AHL without a draft refusal procedure.

However, the epidemic of injuries, after some time noticeably thinning the attacking order of “St. Louis”, allowed Kostin to make his debut in the NHL on November 16 in a match against Anaheim (1: 4). In the North American Major League, he ended up playing four matches, and in the last of them – with “Nashville” (2: 4) – he opened the scoring with his goals. After that, the “Bluesmen” returned him to the AHL, where he was supposed to receive much more playing time, but there, after only three days, the Russian received a painful shoulder injury.Fortunately, not very serious. Having missed two and a half weeks, Kostin returned to the “San Antonio”, where, according to the results of 22 matches, he still has 13 (5 + 8) points and 27 penalty minutes.

It makes no sense to draw global conclusions on the 30-odd minutes that Kostin spent in the NHL, but he looked solid, surpassing his opponents in shooting activity (SAT% = 50.8%), even starting in the attack zone less than 40% their shifts. Zero deletions, which are often a problem for an oversized Russian, is also a good sign.There is no doubt that the 20-year-old striker will still have a chance to prove himself in the Blues, and possibly already this season.

Video: STL-NESH: Kostin scored his first goal in the NHL

Herman RUBTSOV, n, 21, Philadelphia
0 + 0 = 0 in 3 games, minus -1

Playing time: 7:20 (0:00 in the majority, 0:00 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: Carsen Twarinski (19:13), Tyler Pitlik (13:07)

Scars, in contrast from Klim Kostin, in the training camp he looked damp for the NHL (zero points in four games, minus-1 and only seven face-offs won out of 32).Perhaps the reason for this is shoulder surgery, which prematurely interrupted the Russian’s first professional season in the AHL in the fall of 2018. The season, I must say, is encouraging, and not only in terms of performance (6 + 4 = 10 in 14 games), but also in terms of a mature defensive play beyond the years. The duet of Rubtsov with Mikhail Vorobyov, who often marched for Lehigh Valley Fantasy in the minority, was even given a nickname by the fans, which can be translated as Russian Mallet Brothers, even if both are not too prone to power play.

The beginning of this season in the AHL also turned out well for Rubtsov, and after 6 (1 + 5) points in seven matches he was called up to the main team. He was little used in all three games for the Flyers, so Herman’s modest top-level stats shouldn’t come as a surprise. By the way, and in the AHL, he still succeeds better at his goal than at the others – after returning from the Flyers, he scored only 2 (0 + 2) points in 13 matches, nevertheless, the coaches highly value him.

Potentially at the level of the NHL, Rubtsov’s qualities are ideal for an all-round striker of the third link, and, if the situation is right, for the second.The main thing is that his health does not fail – this year he also managed to miss three weeks due to injury.

Mikhail SERGACHEV, s, 21 years old, Tampa
6 + 14 = 20 in 38 matches, 37 penalty minutes, plus -1

Playing time: 18:51 (1:49 in the majority, 0 : 17 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in the game “five to five”: Kevin Shattenkirk (255: 28), Braydon Coburn (111: 10)

The popular Internet resource The Hockey Writers called the exchange of Sergachev from Montreal for Jonathan Drouin is one of the top three Tampa trades of the past decade.The Russian defender was, is and will be an important element of the Lightning roster, which will certainly be confirmed by a new contract at the end of the season.

At first glance, there is not a single statistical metric that would have changed significantly compared to last season. Coaches rely on him a little more often in the attack than when defending their own goal (about 57% of starts in a foreign zone) and release against not the most dangerous opponents (only 22% of playing time against “elite” opponents, according to puckiq.com). But over the past month, Sergachev has received compliments from both Lightning general manager Julien Brisbois (for striving for leadership), and head coach John Cooper (for his defense progress), and from partners who in the last match against Buffalo (6 : 4) they called him “the man who turned the game upside down.”

Sergachev’s 37 penalty minutes are inferior among Lightning players only to security official Patrick Marun, but after November 1, the Russian has only four minor penalties, so he is working in this direction.There is little progress in terms of performance: at the current pace, Mikhail may well surpass the indicators of his debut season, when he scored nine goals and scored 40 points.

Video: TBL-FLO: Sergachev increases the lead

Vitaly ABRAMOV, n, 21 years old, Ottawa
1 + 0 = 1 in 2 matches, 2 minutes of penalty

Playing time: 5: 47 (0:00 majority, 0:00 minority)

Most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: Scott Sabourin (10:33), Jean-Gabriel Pajot (9:19)

When a couple of years ago Abramov put on the ears of the Quebec Hockey League (104 points in 56 matches), many hoped for his direct transit to the NHL.However, Columbus did not give him such a chance, instead making Matt Duchene of Ottawa the main trump card in the trade.

Since then Abramov has played three matches for the Senators main team. Two of them – this season, and in the first match – against “St. Louis” – even scored a goal in the gates inadvertently abandoned by Jake Allen.

However, it turned out to be difficult to adjust to the speeds at the NHL level right off the bat, which is indirectly confirmed by the SAT% equal to 38.7% even in the company of such a master of defensive play as Jean-Gabriel Pajot.

There is no need to be upset about Abramov’s return to the AHL – this is the traditional path of youth development, and the Russian passes it with honor. After 29 (16 + 13) points in 70 games last season, this Abramov has 27 points (14 + 13) in 24, being one of the leaders of the farm club in Belleville. In the event of a staff shortage at “Ottawa”, he will be a clear candidate for the challenge.

Alexander VOLKOV, n, 22 years old, Tampa
0 + 0 = 0 in 4 games, minus -5

Playing time: 11:45 (0:00 in the majority, 0:00 in the minority )

The most frequent partners in the game “five on five”: Stephen Stemkos (40:19), Nikita Kucherov (22:46)

Volkov for the third year in a row is one of the last “unhooked” during the training camp and, to his own admission, this fact hurts him painfully for a living, negatively affecting his performance.In the AHL, with 13 points (2 goals, 11 assists) in 22 pre-New Year games, he was only Syracuse’s top ten scorer, while in the NHL he made only three unsuccessful shots in four games.

At the same time, it is enough to look with whom, basically, Volkov played in the same line during his short stay in the NHL in October-November, in order to understand: he had a chance to prove himself. Unfortunately, it did not work: even in the company with the captain of “Lightning” Steven Stamkos, he lost to opponents on shots 18-24, and in goals and at all 0-4.

Volkov may not have grown to the NHL yet, but he remains a promising young hockey player, one of the best in the Lightning system. It is no coincidence that before the start of the season there were rumors that Edmonton was very interested in him. Agree, it would be interesting to see him on the flank of Connor McDavid’s flight.

Video: TBL-NESH: Volkov did not miss the chance to excel

Ilya SAMSONOV, v, 22 years old, Washington
10-2-1 in 14 games, 91.8% of reflected shots, 2.18 goals, missed on average per game

In January 2019, when Ilya Samsonov with great difficulty adapted to North American hockey in the AHL, few could have imagined that a year later he would become a real threat for forwards in the National Hockey League.But it happened – and on December 27, he even became the first rookie goalkeeper in the history of the Capitals, who only took 12 games at the base to win 10 wins. “Washington” can always count on Ilya – whether the opponents are the outsider “Detroit” (5: 2) or the formidable “Tampa” (5: 2).

Samsonov’s game this season makes the parting of “Washington” with his long-term gatekeeper Braden Holtby, who ends his old contract in the summer, very, very likely. According to numerous experts’ estimates, the 22-year-old Russian goalkeeper will look quite organically in the role of the first number.

Danil YURTAIKIN, n, 22 years old, San Jose
0 + 0 = 0 in 4 games, minus-1

Playing time: 13:00 (1:01 in the majority, 0:00 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in the game “five on five”: Timo Mayer (27:37), Logan Couture (26:01)

Yurtaykin made his way to the base of “San Jose” following the results of the training camp, which is already possible considered a success for a player whose name was virtually unknown to North American fans. Like Volkov, Danil cannot complain about the partners with whom he went on the ice in the main team.True, the Russian spent most of the preseason in the top three with Joe Thornton and it was with him that he established good interaction, so the lack of a result in the regular season matches, perhaps, is due precisely to the lack of teamwork with Logan Couture and Timo Mayer.

Unsuccessful start “San Jose”, one might say, cut off Yurtaykin’s bride ahead of schedule, who has since scored 7 (1 + 6) points in 21 AHL matches. This is not as much as we would like, and if an epidemic of injuries does not fall on the “Sharks”, there are doubts that the Russian will once again be called for help this season.

Denis GURYANOV, n, 22 years old, Dallas
9 + 6 = 15 in 36 matches, 9 penalty minutes, plus -1

Playing time: 12:38 (1:46 in the majority, 0 : 00 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: Joe Pavelski (128: 16), Jason Dickinson (96:52), Corey Perry (91:24)

Guryanov ended December with a five-game streak ( 3 + 2 = 5) and, one might say, finally got a residence permit in the NHL.

Excellent skiing and solid dimensions of the Russian make it almost impossible to try to stop him when he picked up speed.Perhaps he will never be perfect in defense (SAT% = 48.1 with almost 70% of starts in the attacking zone) and he needs somewhat “greenhouse” conditions (only 27.3% of shifts against “elite” opponents), but too much in “Dallas” Denis definitely does not look. However, it is worth noting that the current helmsman of the “Stars” Rick Bowness, who took the helm only in mid-December, trusts more defensive players, so his attitude towards Guryanov is still worth watching.

Video: DAL-KGI: Guryanov overtook a defender and scored

Yakov TRENIN, n, 22 years old, Nashville
1 + 1 = 2 in 6 games, 2 penalty minutes, plus -3

Playing time : 10:11 (0:05 majority, 0:00 outnumbered)

Most frequent five-on-five partners: Austin Watson (25:04), Ryan Johansen (19:43), Kalle Jarncock ( 19:03)

Don’t be confused by Trenin’s short stint with Nashville.The season is going for him just brilliantly and completely according to the plan of the general manager of the “Predators” David Poyle. “In Milwaukee, he took his game to the next level, becoming the leader of the team and its top scorer,” the Nashville boss admitted recently, referring to Trenin’s game at the farm club, where the Russian has 26 (14 + 12) points in 20 meetings. “At the moment we do not need him to score goals in the NHL, but we see that he can do it, acting in a forceful manner in the opposition zone. He is close to becoming a regular player in the base.”

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Ivan PROVOROV, z, 22, Philadelphia
9 + 14 = 23 in 40 games, 16 penalty minutes, minus -5

Playing time: 24:45 (2:54 power, 2:36 shorthand)

Most frequent five-on-five partners: Matt Niskanen (495: 37), Justin Brown (91:00)

If Provorov had been in the NHL for only his second year, we would now be talking about his amazing progress.In reality, he only confirms what we knew from the regular season 2016-17 and 2017-18 – the 22-year-old Russian is able to be a real pillar of the team’s defense, without forgetting to score points.

Of all Philadelphia defenders, Provorov (paired with new team mate Matt Niskanen) is most frequently assigned against opposing elite players – 36.9% of his shifts, according to puckiq.com. And even almost two-thirds (!) Of them, starting at their own gates, he still outperforms the opponents’ leaders in SAT% (52.7%).

If that doesn’t impress you, here’s another metric. According to the site hockeyviz.com, which compiles a heat map of shooting activity during a hockey player’s stay on the ice, with Provorov, “Philadelphia” runs the risk of missing much less often than usual – the danger for team goalkeepers with him is 11% less than with any average defender , especially when it comes to shots from the patch. By comparison, Tampa goalkeepers have only 6% less work with Victor Hedman, and with John Carlson, who often acts on the principle that the best defense is attack, Washington goalkeepers have to work 9% more.

And we have not yet started talking about how Provorov added in the attack. He has finally won a spot in the first Majority Brigade and in half a season has already more than doubled his previous record on points when playing too much (12 versus five in each of the first two seasons). At the current pace, he has every chance to beat his own goals (17) and points (41) achievements set in the 2017-18 season.

The confidence that returned to Provorov can be assessed at least by his goal in overtime of the match with Montreal on November 29 (4: 3 OT), when he went through the entire area, with a stunning feint in the opponent’s zone, he removed Max Domi from the road and in the end he asked the goalkeeper Keith Kinkade.What can you say here? Is there only one thing: well, we knew!

Mikhail VOROBYEV, n, 22 years old, Philadelphia
1 + 2 = 3 in 17 games, 4 penalty minutes, minus-2

Playing time: 10:39 (0:04 in the majority, 0 : 42 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: Chris Stewart (61:55), Tyler Pitlik (61:48)

moment is once again trying to gain a foothold in it.It turns out not so bad – in December, in several matches, his playing time exceeded 13 minutes, which is about four minutes more than in his first five matches in October. You have to understand that it is quite difficult to prove yourself in the attack, having partners with such strong but straightforward players as Chris Stewart, Tyler Pitlik or Andy Andreoff. Therefore, the SAT% equal to 45.6% is, of course, not great, but understandable.

There is a definite chance that at some point in his career Vorobyov will get a place in the top 6 at the NHL level, but this will probably not happen in the near future.Even despite the solid performance in the AHL, where the Russian’s 0.74 points on average per game are inferior among teammates only to Morgan Frost’s indicator (0.75).

This season is contractual for Vorobyov, but it’s hard to imagine that the Flyers won’t make him a qualifying offer in the summer. Whether he will be tempted to leave for the KHL is another question.

Evgeny SVECHNIKOV, n, 23 years old, Detroit
0 + 0 = 0 in 4 games, 2 penalty minutes, minus -1

Playing time: 8:15 (0:44 in the majority, 0 : 00 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: Frans Nielsen (18:09), Taro Hiroshi (17:18)

Can you imagine what a gift Yevgeny Svechnikov would have on his 23rd birthday – to celebrate the day birth in the company of a brother and a mother who was visiting North Carolina, and then the next day to come face to face with Andrey in an NHL match? But “Detroit” is clearly not in the mood to make Eugene any concessions on his way to the strongest league in the world.Literally three days before the November 1 match against Carolina (3: 7), the eldest of the Svechnikov brothers was sent to the AHL, where he now routinely goes to play for the Grand Rapids, having 12 (5 + 7) points in 26 matches.

It is impossible not to recall that in the training camp Svechnikov left a very pleasant impression, despite the almost completely missed the previous season due to injury, and during his short cameo in the NHL he looked more than confident (SAT% = 49.1% with only 36% of starts in the attack zone).”He needs to play and play more than 7-12 minutes per match that we can offer him here,” explained Eugene’s “link” on the eve of his 23rd birthday, Detroit head coach Jeff Blashil. big player. He must understand that this is a purely business decision made in his long-term interests. ”

It should be added that it is becoming more and more difficult for Svechnikov to make his way to the top. Not only are competitors growing up within the organization (Philip Zadina, Michael Rasmussen, Taro Hiroshi and others), but the Red Wings do not refuse outside help, only this season they have replaced the young Brendan Perlini and Robbie Fabbri.

Vladislav KAMENEV, n, 23 years old, Colorado
1 + 3 = 4 in 17 games, 4 penalty minutes, plus -1

Playing time: 9:27 (1:39 in the majority, 0 : 01 in the minority)

The most frequent partners in a five-on-five game: TJ Tynan (65:43), Tyson Jost (40:25), Valery Nichushkin (29:25)

The two previous regular championships ended for Kamenev ahead of schedule due to injuries. In the summer, he signed a new one-year contract with Colorado. Knowing only these two facts, you can already understand how important this season is for the career of the 23-year-old Russian.

Kamenev has long proved that he can take on leadership functions in the AHL, but this does not guarantee him a permanent place at the base of Avalanche. Responsible and moderately creative, Kamenev could be an ideal third-tier center, able to help in power play, where some lack of speed is not so noticeable. But there is no such vacancy in the current “Colorado”, which is why Kamenev had to play on the flank more often, and in December he spent most of the time on the podium. It is difficult to say that this is undeserved: Kamenev’s indicator for dangerous moments “five to five”, despite the positive “plus or minus”, is one of the most unconvincing in the team: 11-25.

Considering all of the above, Kamenev’s prospects – both in the current season and in the future – still seem to be rather vague.

Video: KGI-COL: Kamenev scores from Komfer’s pass

Alexander GEORGIEV, v, 23 years old, Rangers
10-8-1 in 19 matches, 90.8% of reflected shots, 3.23 goals, missed on average per game

Georgiev has the ability to pull out the most hopeless matches for his team and has demonstrated this more than once this season.Moreover, in the current Rangers, the goalkeeper is truly a firing position. Georgiev (xGA = 3.29) and Henrik Lundqvist (xGA = 3.14) lead the NHL by a decent margin in expected own goals, which says a lot about the quality of New York’s defensive formations. Maintaining in such conditions the average for the current season in the NHL (90.8%) indicator of reflected shots is an undoubted achievement. Georgiev proved that he is quite ready to compete with Lundqvist for the title of the first number and this dispute, in which the rivals cheer for each other, will most likely continue until the end of the season.

However, looking at how playfully conquering the AHL, Georgiev’s 24-year-old compatriot Igor Shesterkin (1.98 goals conceded per game, and 93.1% of reflected shots in 22 games before the New Year), one can doubt that Alexander is seen as a full-fledged successor to the Swedish goalkeeper legend. Moreover, Georgiev has no contract for the next season, unlike Lundqvist and Shesterkin.

We can say that now he is working for his future. And it does it pretty well.

To be continued …

How to choose a boxing mouthguard or cook it yourself – ROSTOV CHILD CARE CENTER № 7

Double-sided mouthguard.How to cook a mouth guard for boxing

Boxing – A sport in which more than others, they hit on the head and face. With such blows, the face is constantly injured, and of course a great load falls on the athlete’s teeth. Both in amateur boxing, and professionally, and even more so in Thai boxing, the issue of protecting an athlete’s teeth is extremely acute. And it is to address this pressing issue that a special boxing mouthguard is used. Despite the fact that gloves in boxing have a rounded shape and some softness, without a mouthguard, teeth can simply fly out with a direct or side impact, as well as crumble and break.

So that all the money earned in the ring is not spent on dental procedures, boxers use a mouthguard – a “rubber” pad for teeth, which has properties such as flexibility and rigidity at the same time, which allow not to injure the teeth and gums of boxers. The mouthguard is used not only during fights, but also in training.

Types and characteristics of mouth guards

The mouth guards can be divided into two main types – one-jaw and two-jaw.

Most professional boxers use single-jaw mouth guards, as they are comfortable, do not obstruct breathing and absorb shocks well, relieving up to 40% of the shock load from the brain.

The two-jaw mouthguard differs in that, as the name implies, it fixes and closes the teeth of both the upper and lower jaw. By ensuring the correct and safe position of the jaws, which in some cases greatly reduces the likelihood of knockouts and knockdowns. Due to their design features, such mouthguards make it difficult to breathe, since when the jaw is clamped, air enters through several not wide openings. Such mouthguards provide the maximum level of protection for the athlete’s teeth and brain, therefore, they are used mainly by professional, well-trained athletes.

Mouthguards are also subdivided into thermoplastic, individual. The vast majority of mouth guards used by boxers are of the first type. These mouthguards can be simple and cheap, or multi-piece, complex and expensive.

The disadvantages of cheap simple cast caps are, as a rule, the minimum thickness, simple materials and often chemical taste, and most importantly, of course, a weak level of protection.

Structural mouthguards, multi-piece, provide a high level of protection, ease of fit and use.These mouthguards combine materials in their composition, have up to 5 layers and provide excellent protection for the teeth.

As for the individual mouth guards, they are made by dentists, according to the individual mold of the athlete’s teeth. These mouth guards fit perfectly on the jaw, fix it relative to the other jaw and allow breathing without difficulty. However, such a mouthguard does not significantly reduce the load on the brain, since it is poured from a mono material, and primarily performs the function of protecting teeth.

A good boxing mouthguard is also capable of increasing a fighter’s strength, as it has neuromuscular activity, thanks to which the muscles of the athlete’s back, neck and shoulders are not overstrained.

Preparing the mouthguard

In order for the mouthguard to be used, it must be tailored to your individual needs. To do this, the mouthguard must be “cooked”. Or heat treated. This is done with hot water. The brewing process is quite simple, but a lot of mistakes are made. So you need boiling water, a not deep wide glass, a mirror and running water. After the water has boiled, pour it into a glass, take a mouthpiece and lower it into boiling water, keep it there for 20 to 70 seconds (depending on the mouthguard model) and then take out the mouthpiece and place it under warm running water for 1-3 seconds (not cold), so as not to burn the gums with boiling water, then looking in the mirror we put the mouthguard in our mouth and eat it with the usual “snack”.Control this moment, you don’t have to be like the Terminator, the hero of Clint Eastwood or Chuck Norris. In the mirror, you should see yourself, with your usual facial expression and jaw position. It is important! After you have bitten the mouthguards, with your fingers you smooth the outer plastic layer of the mouthguard along the gums, while doing the same with your tongue from the inside. Then we take out the mouthguard and place it under cold running water. The mouthguard is solidified and ready to use.

Such preparation of the tray takes no more than 10-15 minutes, taking into account the boiling of water.The finished product will match the structure of the teeth and sit tightly on the jaw without falling off upon impact. If the mouthguard is not very accurately fitted to the jaw, it is better to “digest” it. Be sure to check the cooking time in the instructions, which usually come with the mouth guard.

Video “How to cook a mouth guard correctly”

For well-known professional boxers, mouth guards are prepared by their dentists based on an impression of the jaw, which allows the mouth guard to perfectly match the structure of the athlete’s jaws. Such mouthguards are particularly durable, tasteless and odorless, do not interfere with breathing

Who produces mouthguards

Like any other product that we buy, it is better to choose mouthguards of the brand or company that specializes in the production of these particular products.With protective gear, this rule is especially true! It is these companies that, as a rule, take production more seriously, have patented technologies and conduct their own research in this area. One of the most popular, if not the most popular mouthguards manufacturer is Shock Doctor, which uses high-quality innovative materials to make mouthguards and mouthguards for other sports.

The company announced a guarantee payment (10-15 thousand dollars) to those who lose teeth in mouthguards manufactured by Shock Doctor.

Another brand – Everlast, widely known as a manufacturer of boxing equipment, produces mouthguards from modern polymer materials of the highest quality for professionals, amateurs, women and children.

In the Everlast assortment, you can find a mouthguard for any boxer, regardless of training level or gender.

The Bad Boy brand is also known among professionals and amateurs, especially the Bad Boy Pro mouthguard. This product is characterized by a snug fit to the jaw and high quality materials from which it is made, as well as the presence of additional cushions for protection.

Title Boxing is also widely known in the boxing world, although it started its activity in the production of boxing equipment only 18 years ago. Professionals compare the quality of products and, in particular, mouthguards with the Shock Doctor brand. Mouthguards produced by Title Boxing meet the highest demands of athletes and provide comfort and protection, both in sparring and in title fights.

It is best to store the mouthguard in an antibacterial case. After training or competition, be sure to brush with toothpaste and rinse with cold water.If the mouthguard is damaged, it must be replaced. The mouthguard can last long enough if you follow these simple rules.

You can buy high-quality mouthguards and training accessories on our website, where the world’s best brands of boxing equipment are presented.

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Any beginner who has decided to start boxing, sooner or later must learn how to cook a mouth guard.

The mouthguard is a specially designed elastic band that the boxer grips with his teeth. Such an accessory is needed to protect the teeth directly during the battle.

Unfortunately, most beginners do not know what manipulations need to be done in order to weld a boxing mouthpiece. In order to avoid mistakes and feel confident in the safety of your teeth, you must adhere to certain rules.

Why you need a mouthguard and why you need to cook it

A mouthguard is a fairly significant accessory to equipment in the field of martial arts. Its main function is considered to be the protection of teeth, jaws from powerful blows and all kinds of damage.

There are two types of mouth guards:

1. Single-jaw;
2. Two-jaw.

Single jaws are the most popular.
Knowing what a burl is, the question is brewing: why is it necessary to cook it if ready-made burls are sold? The answer is absolutely simple.

The mouthguard must be boiled in order for the rubber it consists of to take the shape of the jaw. It is important that the mouthguard should fit closely to the jaw. Thanks to this, your teeth will be reliably protected during the battle.

How to choose a mouthguard

Today there is a huge number of all kinds of accessories for training and sports. Choosing a mouth guard is an important and responsible task that must be completed before starting your sports activity. In order not to be mistaken when buying a mouthguard, you need to pay attention to several nuances:

1. Ask the sales assistant for which sport the mouthguard you have chosen.
2. The place of purchase also plays an important role.It is better to buy mouthguards from specialized sports stores, which are in demand by many athletes.
3. When choosing a mouth guard, pay attention to its hardness and the strength of the material from which it is made.

It is important to find the sweet spot: the mouthguard should not be hard or too soft. When buying a mouth guard of a well-known brand, you can be calm, but if you decide to save money, then be vigilant.

How to cook a mouth guard

After purchasing a boxing accessory, you need to carry out a certain operation: to boil, or rather, to boil the mouth guard.To do this, follow these steps:

• Take two vessels, fill one with cold water and the other with boiling water.
• Place the mouth guard in a vessel with boiling water; the mouth guard should be in boiling water for 60 seconds.
• Pull out the mouthguard, place it between the jaws and bite down with as much force as possible.
• Keep in mouth for about 3 to 5 minutes.
• After the time has elapsed, place the mouthguard in a container of cold water until it hardens.

If there is discomfort

If it happened that you clamped your jaw with little force and the mouthguard did not take the required shape, then you need to repeat the steps taken. Boil the mouth guard again and squeeze it with your jaws.

Also, in order not to get burns in the mouth, it is recommended to place it in a container with cold water for one or two seconds after the mouth guard has boiled. Here you need to be very careful not to miss the moment when the mouth guard begins to harden.

Make sure the quality of the mouthguard

Whether the mouthguard is of good quality, you can understand after you weld it.

If the mouthguard has become thin, transparent or even soft, then it is better to discard such a mouthguard. There are times when the mouth guard, no matter how much it is kept in boiling water, does not lend itself to changing its shape. The mouthguards are too hard. They are not suitable for the teeth, as they will not be able to take the shape of the jaws. If you use this type of mouthguard, you can lose your teeth.

Frequently asked questions and answers

How to make a mouth guard?

The mouthguard is sold ready-made, you cannot make it yourself.Before use, it must be welded to fit the teeth.

What to do with the mouthguard after purchase?

Before using it, be sure to weld it correctly according to the instructions described in the article.

How to make a mouthguard correctly for yourself?

First, it must be welded as described in the article.
1. In order not to burn yourself and not to damage the gums and enamel of the teeth, immerse in cold water for 2-3 seconds.
2. Rinse your mouth with cold water.
3.Insert the accessory into your mouth and press firmly with your jaw until you bite comfortably. Don’t overdo it and don’t bite.
4. Use your fingers to squeeze the edges around the outer and inner sides, making a slight vacuum in your mouth and sucking air and liquid from the product.
5. Leave in mouth for 3-4 minutes. Fix the result – immerse the device in cold water.

Why cook a mouth guard?

Cooking is necessary in order to achieve softening. And this, in turn, will allow it to acquire the shape of the owner’s jaw and sit tightly on the teeth.This element is individual, suitable for only one person.

How should the mouthguard sit?

The guard should adhere well to one upper jaw without the help of the lower one.

Do all the trays need to be boiled?

Not all trays can be cooked. Before buying, once again check with the seller for which sport the mouthguard is intended. Better yet, buy it in a specialized store, which sells not beautiful things and a sports interior, but the form and sports equipment that are really necessary for training.

How to cook a double-sided mouth guard?

You need to cook a two-jaw mouthguard according to the same principle, doing the described manipulations twice.

How to cook a gel tray?

1. Boil water (without cap) and prepare 2 vessels: empty and with cold water.
2. Pour the boiled water into an empty vessel and wait 30 seconds for the water to cool slightly.
3. Place the mouthguard in this water for 30-60 seconds (see the instructions for the mouthguard for the exact time)
4. Rinse your mouth with cold water (so as not to burn your gums),
5.Remove the mouthguard from the water and bite with your teeth, if necessary, use your fingers to help. As you do this, draw in the air in order to press it harder against your teeth. Caution, the material of the gel trays is soft – do not bite the trap. Keep it this way for 3 to 5 minutes, then put the mouthguard in cold water. If unsuccessful, some of the gel trays can also be re-digested.

A mandatory element of equipment for various types of martial arts is a boxing mouthguard, which is increasingly used in game disciplines. The issue of choosing a protective device is of interest not only to fighters, but also to rugby players, hockey players, and representatives of other contact sports.

What is a boxing mouthguard used for? How to choose a reliable remedy to protect your jaw and teeth? Let’s try to answer the questions presented.

Purpose

Most users believe that the main task of the mouthguard is to protect the teeth from damage. However, the device also performs a number of other equally important functions.

A high-quality boxing mouthguard, designed according to the requirements of ergonomics, is an effective remedy that can protect you from concussion and all kinds of hemorrhages.Moreover, the device makes it possible to avoid injury to the neck. The latter property is provided by damping and distribution of the impact force, softening its destructive force.

Types

Currently, there are several types of protective caps:

1. One-sided – put on the upper or lower jaw. They are the most common, demanded type of protective equipment in martial arts. This solution is preferred by the bulk of professional boxers, football players, rugby players.
2. Double-sided – contain a special opening for air intake, protect the lower one at the same time. Such devices are not widely used due to their bulkiness and inconvenience for athletes. Despite this, the double-sided boxing mouthguard has additional protective qualities, protecting the entire oral cavity from damage.

Quality

Standard grades are made of normal rubber with latex added. Since the material can contain a whole mass of harmful substances, the regular wearing of such products is fraught with the occurrence of allergic manifestations and the occurrence of poisoning.

As for high-quality expensive models, the latter are made from non-toxic, combined bases that do not contain allergens. Their use is safe for both adults and children.

A good boxing mouthguard must contain a gel-like filler. Such a structure contributes to a better fit of the product to the structure of the jaw and features of the teeth, which is reflected in an increase in the efficiency of damping shock loads.

Price

The cost of more or less high-quality boxing caps starts at $ 20.e. The maximum price on the market for professional products is about e.

Athletes who regularly train and take part in serious competitions are advised to pay attention to products costing about $ 30-50. Only in this case can you count on comfortable wearing and reduce the likelihood of significant damage to a minimum.

Individual mouthguards

The most expensive mouthguards are made to order.Similar devices are being developed in dental clinics based on the impression of the bite of the future user. During the manufacture of mouth guards of this type, innovative materials are used. As a result, the athlete receives a product that provides the maximum level of protection, comfortable operation and perfect compatibility with the oral cavity.

How to “cook” the mouthpiece correctly?

How to put on a boxing mouthguard? Before using the safety device, you must immerse it in boiling water.This allows you to soften the material and subsequently leave impressions of your own teeth on the product.

To “cook” an ordinary mouthpiece, you must do the following:

• Boil water and prepare a vessel for cooling the product in advance;
• place the tray in boiling water for about 20-30 seconds, which is usually quite enough to soften the material;
• Immerse the device in cold water for a few seconds;
• rinse the mouth, then put on the mouthguard and take an impression of the teeth.

Before removing the mouthguard from the mouth, hold it in the clamped position for several minutes. This will leave a clear impression of the teeth on the inner surface of the product. In case of failure, you can try again by “digesting” the mouthpiece again.

Storage

It is customary to keep a boxing mouthguard in an individual case, which contains a special antibacterial coating. After each next use, the device is rinsed with running water, if necessary, cleaned with a toothpaste brush.The mouthguard, which contains a whole mass of dents and damage, is recommended to be replaced.

In conclusion

What does a boxing mouthguard look like? Photos of individual versions of such protective devices can be seen in this material. As the results of recent studies show, such means protect not only teeth, but also the athlete’s face from damage no worse than training

When choosing this accessory, several factors must be taken into account. First of all, the mouthguard should not exude unpleasant odors, cause pain to its owner, or cause other discomfort.Preference should be given to the most durable, but at the same time extremely elastic products. A good mouthguard never hinders breathing and maintains integrity under the most severe shock loads.

Parents who are going to send their children to “fight”, or people who intend to go in for sports on their own, should not forget about such a necessary device as a mouth guard for boxing. Despite its very short history (for the first time the mouthguard was used in battle only in 1980), it is so popular that athletes are not allowed to enter the ring without this cover.

Why do you need a protective plate

A general misconception: people believe that a mouthguard for boxing is needed solely so as not to knock out teeth. Undoubtedly, this is one of the tasks it performs, but by no means the only one. In addition to it, the overlay implements a number of other functions.

1. Prevention of the formation of lacerations in soft tissues. Oddly enough, with the mouthguard inserted, the lips suffer much less even with a direct blow.
2. Reducing the likelihood of getting a concussion – a good boxing mouthguard cushions well.
3. The possibility of damage and even displacement of the cervical vertebrae is significantly reduced.
4. Cerebral hemorrhage is practically excluded.
5. It becomes impossible to perforate the trachea with fragments of teeth (if they are still broken).

In addition to all this, the boxing mouthguard relieves constant tension from several muscle groups at once and helps to adopt a more balanced fighting stance.

Types of burls

Protective linings are divided into several groups at once according to several characteristics.First of all – at the place of attachment. They are one-sided, fixed on the upper jaw, and two-sided, protecting both. The second type seems to be more reliable, but it is more cumbersome and significantly impedes breathing, for which a rather small opening is provided. So from this point of view, the single-jaw mouthguard for boxing seems to be preferable.

The next parameter is the method of obtaining the groove in which the dentition “hides”. Here the sports industry offers 2 options:

1. Standard mouthguards: plates are formed during production; ready to use when purchased.
2. Thermoplastic – a kind of workpiece that, under the influence of temperature, is able to take the individual shape of the jaw.

The first type is only suitable for people with perfect teeth and a standard jaw structure. Professional boxers prefer the thermoplastic mouthguard for boxing, even if it requires preliminary preparation.

Mouthguard for boxing: how to choose

In addition to specifying the type of pad, you need to take into account a number of requirements that apply to the device.

1. The boxing mouthguard (photo above) must not be red. Apparently, this is necessary in order for the referee or the medic to determine in time the severity of the injuries inflicted on the boxer. Manufacturers of sports equipment avoid producing colored caps, but such ones are also made for spectacular, staged fights.
2. The mouth guard must be odorless and tasteless. They are annoying and distracting, and can cause allergies over time.
3. A “debugged” mouth guard should not only cause painful sensations, but even be felt as a foreign object in the mouth.It should not interfere with speech, much less breathing.
4. The rubber is purchased according to the sport. For example, Under Armor is mainly suitable for hockey players, a boxer will only suffer with it, and it will not fulfill its task. Do not forget that there are male mouthguards, and there are female ones.

You shouldn’t save on health and buy products of dubious brands. The mouthguards produced by the companies Everlast, Venum, Bad boy, Tapout, Title Boxing, Shock Doctor have been tested by generations of boxers.But the linings from the well-known company Adidas did not live up to expectations, so there is no need to go with the brand.

“Cooking” of the protective pad

If you have chosen a thermoplastic mouth guard for boxing, the instructions will explain in detail how to fit it to your teeth. But, in principle, they are all handled the same way.

1. Enough water is boiled for the plate to fit freely.
2. Capa is placed in boiling water for a maximum of half a minute.
3. When the removed pad has cooled down enough not to leave burns, but has not yet cooled completely, it is inserted into the place of future “work” and is tightly clamped.The outer hem rolls out over the gums for the comfort of the mouthguard wearer.

There are only 20 seconds for everything about everything. If the manipulations are done deftly, and the mouthguard for boxing turned out to be of high quality, then when you unclench the teeth, it will not fall off.

Many people who are not involved in contact sports often wonder why a boxing mouthguard is needed at all and why is its use mandatory in professional and semi-professional arenas? Structurally, the mouthguard is a plastic device that anatomically repeats the shape of the human jaw (as a rule, the upper one, although there are also two-jaw variants).

A properly worn boxing mouthguard does not create any discomfort, and even more so – no pain. In particular, for this purpose, mouthguards made of thermoplastic are used, which must be “cooked” and “bite” while they are flexible, when such a mouthguard hardens, it takes the shape of the jaw of a particular athlete. As for the question of what a boxing mouthguard is for, here is a list of tasks that this type of sports equipment solves:

• the mouthguard protects the athlete’s teeth from cracks and falling out;
• even if a tooth breaks off, it cannot damage the oral cavity;
• mouthguard protects lips from cuts during accented blows;
• it also eliminates the possibility of biting lips and cheeks;
• mouthguard protects against knocking out and breaking of the jaw;
• when used correctly, the cap gives protection (far from absolute, and yet) from knockout.

Unfortunately, novice athletes often use mouthguards only after losing a couple of teeth. However, it is important not only to buy good sports equipment and properly prepare it (“cook”), you need to know how to put on the mouthguard correctly and what is the specificity of its use.

How does a boxing mouthpiece dress?

Please note that you can only wear a thermoplastic boxing mouthguard after you have performed all the proper procedures – you have “boiled” the mouthguard and “fitted” it under your jaw, otherwise it will be useless.Mouthguards of the standard type, which have a factory shape and do not require preparation, can be put on immediately. When putting on the mouthguard, do not forget about the following nuances:

• Some types of thermoplastic mouthguards are equipped with “tongues” so that they can be conveniently immersed in boiling water and removed back. After “cooking” and immediately before using a boxing mouthguard of such a plan, be sure to cut the “tongue” with scissors, it will interfere with you and may cause injury.
• When putting on your mouthguard, make sure you can close your jaw to a still and absolutely comfortable position.The mouthguard should not change your bite, if this happens – you cannot use this mouthguard, it is not only inconvenient, but extremely traumatic.
• The mouthguard should fit snugly around the teeth and gums of the upper jaw. It should not dangle freely in the mouth with closed teeth. On the other hand, the mouthguard should not put too much pressure on the teeth and gums, if you experience any discomfort of any genesis – refuse this mouthguard.
• Please note that mouthguards can be of different lengths, some athletes purposely wear a boxing mouthguard that only covers the front teeth.Always focus on objective sensations, if it is convenient – then the mouthguard is right for you.
• Wearing a boxing guard with braces and dentures is acceptable, but not recommended. In particular, when preparing a mouthguard made of thermoplastic, it can damage braces or dentures. Therefore, it is necessary to act extremely carefully, and it is better to use mouth guards of the standard type after a preliminary consultation with the dentist.
• When preparing a thermoplastic mouthguard, please note that this is not a one-time procedure: the mouthguard can be “welded” again and tried to “fit” again if something did not work out the first time.But doing this more than two or three times is not worth it, since the plastic will quickly lose elasticity and begin to harden worse.

Another important point is how high-quality product you have purchased. Often, cheap mouthguards of unknown brands are inconvenient and short-lived; they can be made of odorous materials with an unpleasant aftertaste that may not appear right away.

In order not to make a mistake with your choice, visit this section of our website / boks / kapi-dlja-boksa /.Here you will find excellent mouthguards for boxing and contact martial arts at affordable prices. All of these are legendary brands Bad Boy and Venum, and they are rightfully considered the benchmarks in the world of sports equipment.

Mouthguards

Mouthguards. What are they for? How to choose a mouthguard?

There are several models of protection for the oral cavity (mouthguards) on our website.

Protection for teeth and jaws in boxing and any other martial arts is extremely important.

That is why one- and two-jawed boxing mouthguards must be worn both for sparring training and for tournament performances.

Mouth guards are of two types: one and two jaw.

The most common type of mouthguard is one-jaw (one-sided). Comfortable, loved by professionals, they do not impede the access of air to the lungs. Absorb up to 40% of impact energy.

The mouthguard for two jaws provides maximum protection against impact, but at the same time it makes breathing quite difficult. The opening in the structure for air is rather small, which makes athletes experience a lack of oxygen.

To cook a boxing one, place it in boiling water for 20-30 seconds (if you have instructions, you must follow the manufacturer’s recommendations).After that, you need to put the mouthguard in your mouth (Be careful and do not burn yourself! You can rinse your mouth with cool water.), Clench your teeth and, if necessary, slightly spread the mouthguard over the jaw with your fingers. Hold it in your mouth for 3-5 minutes, so the mouthguard will acquire an individual bite. Then place it in a container of cold water to secure the impression. If it doesn’t work the first time, you can repeat the procedure.

How to understand whether you managed to “cook the mouthpiece”? Examine the mouthguard carefully, it should have imprints of all the teeth that came into contact with it.A properly brewed mouthguard will fit like a poured mouthpiece. Will not fall out when you open your mouth, will not interfere with conversation and will not interfere with breathing.

• A high-quality mouthguard should be free of foreign taste and smell.
• You should not feel any discomfort during use
• The mouthguard is stored in a case with an antibacterial coating.
• After training or fighting, the mouthguard should be brushed with a toothbrush and paste and rinsed in cool water.
• A damaged mouthpiece must be replaced immediately

Mouthguard is different | Alexander Morozov Boxing Club: boxing training in St. Petersburg

The mouthguard serves to protect teeth and not only in boxing.The use of the mouthguard is also recommended in other sports that pose a threat to the teeth. For example, in hockey. Trays are usually worn over the teeth. Another name for them is oral cavity protectors. Their color can be very diverse – and black, and yellow and white. There are even multi-colored ones – with patterns and inscriptions, for example, with the name and logo of the club, which will be discussed below.

Must be worn

Why do you need a mouth guard? It will help to avoid many serious injuries and, accordingly, their consequences.These are concussion, intracerebral hemorrhage, loss of consciousness trauma, jaw fractures and neck injuries. This is because the oral cavity protector minimizes situations in which the lower jaw forcefully enters the upper jaw. In addition, due to the fact that the mouthguards move the soft tissues of the oral cavity away from the teeth, they prevent bruises and wounds to the lips and cheeks.

It is highly recommended to wear a mouth guard if there is a potential threat of contact with other athletes or hard surfaces. Wrestlers, basketball players, rugby players, skaters – this is not a complete list of athletes and sports.

Today, according to the rules, wearing mouthguards is mandatory for training and competitions in five types of amateur sports: boxing, American football, men’s lacrosse, ice hockey and women’s field hockey.

To summarize, a mouthguard is necessary for a boxer, since it stabilizes the jaw and protects the teeth, also preventing the occurrence of lacerations, and if the tooth is knocked out, it does not block the way for air to enter.

The mouthguards are subdivided into several types.

According to uniform patterns

This is a standard produced according to a uniform sample.The size is also standard: small, medium and large. These mouthguards are sold in sports stores. The main disadvantage is rapid wear. If we talk about the material, it should be noted thermoplastic. It is flexible and takes the desired shape by boiling in water for several hours. Then the mouthguard is put on the teeth. Disadvantage: These mouthguards are subject to rapid wear. Although thermoplastic mouthguards are the most popular. They perfectly protect the lips from teeth in case of blows, the teeth themselves and the jaws. If we talk about brands, these are Everlast, Bad boy, Title Boxing, Venum, Tapout, Under Armor.

The mouthguards are also made of rubber. Their advantage is that they do not require any kind of boiling or heating.

When choosing a mouthguard, you need to find out what kind of sport it is suitable for. There are subtleties here. So, Bad boy is for boxing, while Under Armor is for hockey. There is one more nuance, namely male and female mouthguards.

Double protection

Oral protectors are also divided into one-sided and two-sided. Unilateral designed to protect only the upper jaw – the most vulnerable spot for many athletes.Bilateral protects both the upper and lower rows of teeth. They fix the bite and are equipped with a breathing hole. Thus, the entire oral cavity is under reliable protection. Double mouthguards are more massive, but they have some drawbacks – they make it difficult to breathe and interfere with talking.

The main condition for any mouthguard, regardless of the material of manufacture – it must fit snugly to the teeth.

Dentists recommend

It is recommended to change the aligners with great frequency, because due to wear they lose the ability to cope with their main task – to protect the teeth.You can buy several caps at once, which is called in reserve. Teens whose teeth are still forming should change their mouthguards even more often. Of course, general dental care is also important. Of course, the mouthguard should be worn after thoroughly brushing your teeth.

Made for you

Based on the above, the best option is mouthguards made specifically for your teeth. Only experienced dentists can do this. An impression of the teeth is made and, in accordance with it, an oral cavity protector is made, taking into account the slightest individual characteristics of the structure of the teeth and their rows.This, of course, will cost more, but worth it. You can even order a mouth guard with the symbols of a boxing club, section, school in which you train and whose honor you defend in the ring.

So, you have to go to the dentist, but not for dental treatment, but with a slightly different purpose. The specialist will carry out the necessary measurements, make an impression or several casts from a special material. Achieving the desired shape is a difficult and very painstaking highly qualified job. The result is a perfect mouthguard that will last much longer than its store counterparts.

Alternatively, you can offer a fillable mouthguard. You can feel like a dentist and a sculptor in one person, that is, cast a mouthguard for your teeth yourself at home. These kits are supplied with everything you need, and you can buy them in the store.

A boxer, like any other athlete whose sports life poses a threat to his teeth, must take constant care of them. This is both protection and timely care. Today, there are all the means for this that meet the technologies of the XXI century.Although, who knows, maybe in the near future, mouth guards will be produced on the basis of nanotechnology.

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Any mouth guards in the Alexander Morozov Boxing School.

Phone : +7 (812) 930 23 98

Address : St. Petersburg, metro Bukharestskaya, st. Salova, 52 / st. Sofiyskaya, 4, bldg. 3

Protective mouth guards

“Kapa (in some dictionaries” kappa “) – (from German.”Kappe” – cap, cover, cover) is a flexible plastic device that is put on the teeth in order to protect against sports injuries. Mouthguards are an important part of sports equipment for those involved in sports involving falls, body contact and throwing.
During sports training and competition, as well as recreational activities, mouth guards are worn over the teeth to prevent injury.
Mouth guards can prevent or mitigate serious injuries such as concussions, intracerebral hemorrhages, jaw fractures and neck injuries.Mouth guards move the soft tissues of the mouth away from the teeth, prevent lacerations and bruises on the lips and cheeks.
In all situations where there is a high likelihood of forceful face contact with other athletes or hard surfaces, it is advisable to wear a mouth guard.
Nowadays, wearing a mouthguard is compulsory during training and competition in many types of amateur and professional sports. ”

An integral part of the protective equipment of every boxer (mixed martial arts fighter) is a mouth guard.At the philistine level, there is an opinion that the purpose of the mouthguard is to protect the athlete’s teeth from damage. Of course, teeth protection is the main purpose of the mouthguard, but not the only one. Along with this, there are several more important properties of the mouthguard, which are extremely important for the fighters of contact types of martial arts. It is no secret that the most vulnerable place, when hitting which most often occurs short-term loss of consciousness (knockout or knockdown), is the lower jaw of a person.This happens due to the biological structure and features of the anatomy – the head shudders sharply at the moment of impact. Moreover, the most effective blow is directed in such a way that the body, due to its anatomical features, could not properly absorb it. At the moment of impact, the brain is sharply shaken, and by inertia, on the basis of Newton’s second law, it shifts, striking from the inside against the cranium. In this case, a violation of its function occurs – a kind of “short circuit”.And the main “steering” of our body for some time loses control over it. Consciousness fades for more or less time. How long a person will be in this state depends on the strength of the shock, as well as on the individual characteristics of the organism. This is, so to speak, pure mechanics of the process.

However, there is also the question of the anatomical “construction” of a person. I will not go into this direction too much, I will just note that the vector of the impact force is also important, and so, it is with the impact in the lower jaw (and especially in the chin) that the maximum transfer of impact energy to the opponent’s cranium occurs.The use of a mouthguard (naturally, we are talking about a high-quality, correctly fitted and used mouthguard) allows you to significantly cushion the blow to the jaw, respectively, reducing its negative consequences.

Another function of the mouthguard is to protect the lips and cheeks of the athlete from incisions on the protruding surfaces of the teeth.

Also tight fixation (when snacking) of the jaws relative to each other, which reduces the likelihood of injury to the jaw joints, as well as fractures of the jaw bones.

History of creation

It is not known who first came up with the idea of ​​using the mouth guard, but its birth is attributed to the beginning of the last century. It is also known that boxers were the first to use it. The mouthguard was made at that time from a piece of rubber. There is accurate information that in 1921, during the championship fight between American Jack Britton and Englishman Ted “Kid” Lewis, both athletes used mouthguards, i.e. mouth guards by the 20s of the last century were already known on both sides of the ocean.

Between 1950 and 1965 In the United States, the dental protection industry has grown rapidly, with numerous studies and testing of various materials. In 1962, in the United States, the National Alliance Football Rules Committee ruled that every football player must wear an intraoral mouth guard (mouth guard). The mouthguard was made individually based on the athlete’s bite pattern. Thanks to this, the number of injuries was significantly reduced.Since 1975, wearing mouthguards has also become mandatory in the United States for professional hockey players. As a result, in subsequent years, there was a decrease in the incidence of dental injuries in hockey from 13 to 5%.

Types of mouthguards

The mouthguards can be divided into three main types:

• Standard
• Thermoplastic
• Custom

Standard mouthguards are the cheapest option. They are sold completely shaped and ready to wear.As a rule, these are rather rigid mouth guards, which often do not “fit” very well, since they are made “in the average” and even with small deviations in the dentition, occlusion, structure of the jaws from the formed one, they cause inconvenience to the user.

Thermoplastic Mouthguards (Thermoforming) Mouthguards – Allows for individual adjustment at home. As a rule, for this purpose, the cap is heated in boiling water, and then it is “baked”, assuming an individual shape.These mouthguards are usually made in several layers (from several materials), providing significantly more comfort and efficiency. Such mouthguards are framed and frameless. In frame caps, the “frame” itself is made from a tougher and stronger base, with “fusing” on it of a softer, more plastic and adaptive material (for example, silicone or special gel). It is worth noting that such mouthguards from the best manufacturers are very, very high quality, at a relatively low price.If your dentition and bite are close to standard, then you can choose a mouthguard that suits you almost perfectly, since you can easily make an exact fit yourself. In the photo – gel tray SHOCK DOCTOR Ultra STC 2 :

Individual tray is made according to the impressions of the jaws, due to which it accurately repeats the shape and size of the teeth, especially the occlusion. This guarantees a perfect fit, especially in cases of irregular dentition or peculiarities in jaw size or athlete’s bite.Previously, such mouth guards were made to order in dental clinics (offices). At the time, it was the best (albeit the most expensive) solution. However, the development of technology and the separation of specializations have made it increasingly difficult for dental clinics to compete in the production of individual mouth guards. For example, the Shock Doctor trademark provides such a service – having bought a special kit, you make, in accordance with the instructions, a snack with your jaws on a special material, put this cast of your jaws in a special box, and send it to the company’s address.Then go to the company’s website, where, by entering an individual purchase code, select all the nuances of your mouthguard, including color, pattern (and / or inscriptions). After a short time, you will receive a ready-made mouth guard by mail. However, it is clear that this option is the most expensive.

Types of protective mouth guards

In addition to the above types, mouth guards are divided into two types: one-sided (single-jaw) and two-sided (two-jaw). One-sided mouthguard is the most common type. She puts on one row of teeth (upper) and allows you to talk if necessary.The reversible mouthguard fits on both rows of teeth and is more reliable. However, it is more difficult to get used to. Yes, and speaking when using a double-sided mouthguard is very problematic. The photo shows a standard double-sided mouthguard:

Features of using the mouthguard

It should be noted that the efficiency of using the mouthguard is also affected by its correct use. If at the moment of impact / collision / fall your mouthguard is not properly eaten, then the effectiveness of it will be significantly lower, and in certain situations, danger is possible – for example, during a knockout, the referee first of all rushes to remove the mouthguard from the mouth of a knocked out athlete in order to it did not get into the throat, because in this case the mouthguard can cut off the breath, or it can be corny to choke on it …

Individual adjustment

Before fitting the mouthguard, carefully study the instructions, since the duration of thermal exposure may differ for different types.For example, trays using gel technologies are very sensitive to heat – they should not be boiled in principle – it is enough to put them in hot water (under 80 degrees) for 20-30 seconds, then let them cool slightly (so as not to burn the gums) and bite for seconds 15-20, then rinse with cold running water. Mouth guards made of “coarser” materials should be put in boiled (but not boiling, that is, at a temperature of 90-95 degrees) water for a longer time, up to 1 minute, after which, having also cooled, bite and rinse cold water.

Market cap

Every self-respecting manufacturer currently has the opportunity to order a batch of caps, which are then sold under “his” trademark. However, there are, so to speak, the main manufacturers engaged in such activities systematically, investing in scientific and technical development and using the latest technological advances. One of the undisputed leaders in cap production is the Shock Doctor trademark. It produces a wide range of mouth guards, both one-sided and two-sided, from the highest quality modern and safe materials for health and their combinations – medical silicone, rubber, various gel mixtures.Bracket-wearing athletes can use the bracket mouthguard. They have a special channel in front of the teeth for brackets and cables of bracket systems, which will help the mouthguard to “sit down” perfectly. Available for brackets and reversible mouth guards.

Various proprietary technologies will also be used in the structures of the TM Shock Doctor caps, for example, SHOCK TRANSFER CORE – a shock reduction system, the essence of which is to redirect the shock effect from vulnerable anterior teeth to stronger molars (molars) with three roots.Or MORA ™ (Mandibular Orthopedic Repositioning Appliance) is a technology that fixes the lower jaw in a certain, slightly forward position and fixes the tongue pressed against the palate, which together allows to achieve higher levels of shock resistance.

One of the latest innovations is the production of scented mouthpieces, which increases the comfort in its use – you must agree, is it still pleasant to feel a pleasant aroma in your mouth, for example, of citrus fruits or the freshness of mint? Photo SHOCK DOCTOR Gel Max Flavor Fusion :

How long can you use a mouthguard?

Ideally, mouthguards should be changed every season because they wear out over time, rub or bite through the teeth, gradually lose the necessary elasticity, all this will reduce their effectiveness.Replacement is especially important for adolescents, as their mouth continues to grow and their teeth develop as they grow up.

For a longer and more comfortable use of the mouthguard, do not forget to follow these simple rules – after each use, rinse the mouthguard with running water and store it in a special container (case for the mouthguard).

In addition, there are special sprays that disinfect the mouth guard by killing harmful bacteria and give it a pleasant fresh scent. If you have the opportunity to buy a similar spray, spray the mouthguard before putting it on and before storing it in a container.

How to properly cook a boxing mouthguard at home

Any beginner who decided to start boxing, sooner or later must learn how to cook a mouthguard.

The mouthguard is a specially designed elastic band that the boxer grips with his teeth. Such an accessory is needed to protect the teeth directly during the battle.

Unfortunately, most beginners do not know what manipulations are necessary to weld a boxing mouthguard. In order to avoid mistakes and feel confident in the safety of your teeth, you must adhere to certain rules.

1

Why you need a mouth guard and why you need to cook it

A mouth guard is a fairly significant accessory to equipment in the field of martial arts. Its main function is considered to be the protection of teeth, jaws from powerful blows and all kinds of damage.

There are two types of mouth guards:

1. Single-jaw;
2. Two-jaw.

Single jaws are the most popular.
Knowing what a burl is, the question is brewing: why is it necessary to cook it if ready-made burls are sold? The answer is absolutely simple.

The mouthguard must be boiled in order for the rubber it consists of to take the shape of the jaw. It is important that the mouthguard should fit closely to the jaw. Thanks to this, your teeth will be reliably protected during the battle.

2

How to choose a mouthguard

Today there is a huge number of all kinds of accessories for training and sports. Choosing a mouth guard is an important and responsible task that must be completed before starting your sports activity.In order not to be mistaken when buying a mouthguard, you need to pay attention to several nuances:

1. Ask the sales assistant for which sport the mouthguard you have chosen.
2. The place of purchase also plays an important role. It is better to buy mouthguards from specialized sports stores, which are in demand by many athletes.
3. When choosing a mouth guard, pay attention to its hardness and the strength of the material from which it is made.

It is important to find the sweet spot: the mouthguard should not be hard or too soft.When buying a mouth guard of a well-known brand, you can be calm, but if you decide to save money, then be vigilant.

3

How to cook a mouth guard

After buying a boxing accessory, you need to carry out a certain operation: boil, or rather, boil the mouth guard. To do this, follow these steps:

• Take two vessels, fill one with cold water and the other with boiling water.
• Place the trap in a vessel with boiling water; the mouth guard should be in boiling water for 60 seconds.
• Pull out the mouthguard, place it between the jaws and bite down with as much force as possible.
• Keep in mouth for about 3 to 5 minutes.
• After the time has elapsed, place the mouthguard in a container of cold water until it hardens.

4

If discomfort occurs

If it so happens that you clamp your jaw with low force and the mouthguard has not acquired the required shape, then you must repeat the steps taken. Boil the mouth guard again and squeeze it with your jaws.

Also, in order not to get burns in the mouth, it is recommended that after the mouthpiece has boiled, place it in a container with cold water for one or two seconds. Here you need to be very careful not to miss the moment when the mouth guard begins to harden.

5

Check the quality of the mouthguard

Whether the mouthguard is of good quality, you can understand after you weld it.

If the mouthguard has become thin, transparent or even soft, then it is better to discard such a mouthguard. There are times when the mouth guard, no matter how much it is kept in boiling water, does not lend itself to changing its shape.The mouthguards are too hard. They are not suitable for the teeth, as they will not be able to take the shape of the jaws. If you use this type of mouthguard, you can lose your teeth.

Read the topic:

6

Frequent “questions and answers”

• How to make a mouth guard?

  The mouthguard is sold ready-made, you cannot make it yourself. Before use, it must be welded to fit the teeth.

• What to do with the mouth guard after purchase?

  Before using it, be sure to weld it correctly according to the instructions described in the article.

• How to make a mouth guard correctly for yourself?

  First, it must be welded as described in the article.
  1. In order not to burn yourself and not to damage the gums and enamel of the teeth, immerse in cold water for 2-3 seconds.
  2. Rinse your mouth with cold water.
  3. Insert the device into your mouth and press firmly with the jaw until a comfortable bite. Don’t overdo it and don’t bite.
  4. Use your fingers to squeeze the edges around the outer and inner sides, making a slight vacuum in your mouth and sucking air and liquid from the product.
  5. Leave in mouth for 3-4 minutes. Fix the result – immerse the device in cold water.

• Why cook a mouth guard?

  Cooking is necessary in order to achieve softening. And this, in turn, will allow it to acquire the shape of the owner’s jaw and sit tightly on the teeth. This element is individual, suitable for only one person.

• How should the mouthguard fit?

  The guard should adhere well to one upper jaw without the help of the lower one.

• Do all the trays need to be boiled?

  Not all trays can be cooked.Before buying, once again check with the seller for which sport the mouthguard is intended. Better yet, buy it in a specialized store, which sells not beautiful things and a sports interior, but the form and sports equipment that are really necessary for training.

• How to cook a double-sided mouth guard?

  You need to cook a two-jaw mouthguard according to the same principle, doing the described manipulations twice.

• How to cook a gel tray?

  1.Boil water (without a cap) and prepare 2 vessels: empty and with cold water.
  2. Pour the boiled water into an empty vessel and wait 30 seconds for the water to cool slightly.
  3. Place the mouthguard in this water for 30-60 seconds (for the exact time, see the instructions for the mouthguard)
  4. Rinse your mouth with cold water (so as not to burn the gums),
  5. Remove the mouthguard from the water and bite with your teeth, help if necessary fingers. As you do this, draw in the air in order to press it harder against your teeth. Caution, the material of the gel trays is soft – do not bite the trap.Keep it this way for 3 to 5 minutes, then put the mouthguard in cold water. If unsuccessful, some of the gel trays can also be re-digested.

• Should the mouthpiece open after brewing?

  The reversible mouth guard must open.

• Are there mouthpieces that cannot be boiled?

• Why is there plastic in the burl?

  The flexible plastic protects the teeth from sports injuries.

• How to cook everlast 3-layer mouth guard?

  The cooking process is the same as for a conventional tray.

• How to choose a two-piece mouth guard?

  These mouthguards are suitable for beginners and women – they are maximally protected at the initial level of training.

Conclusion

Conclusion

After you weld the mouthpiece, pay attention to its finished appearance. If the mouthguard is of good quality, then all teeth will be visible on it. If the mouthguard does not hold well or bends, then it is better to refuse to use such an accessory and buy a more worthy option.

Do not forget that it is better not to save money on the mouthguard, because we are talking about the health and integrity of your teeth.

Video to the material

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Forming Double Boxing Protective Mouthguard

$

CLOSE X

Double Mouthguard

0

The boil-and-bite design allows for custom-made mouthguards for maximum protection and comfort.The central breathing channel allows unobstructed air flow. Used for training protection. 100% EVA.
BPA and Phthalate free.

The boil and bite design allows for a custom shape of the mouthguard for maximum protection and comfort. The central breathing channel allows unobstructed air flow. Used for training protection. 100% EVA.
BPA and phthalate… More details

Item

https: // www.everlast.com/double-mouth-guard
16508
Double mouthguard
https: // www.everlast.com/pub/media/catalog/product/d/o/double-mouth-guard_5.jpg
0
0
U.S. dollar
Not in stock
/ Boxing / Protective Gear / Combat
/ Boxing / Protective Gear / Mouthguards / Fight
/ MMA / Protective gear / Fight
/ Content pages / Stocking fillings
/ Buy one, get the second for free
The boil and bite design allows for custom-shaped mouthguards for maximum protection and comfort. The central breathing channel allows an unobstructed air flow, used for training protection.100% EVA.
BPA and Phthalate free. The boil and bite design allows for custom-shaped mouthguards for maximum protection and comfort. The central breathing channel allows unobstructed air flow. Used for training protection. 100% EVA.
BPA and Phthalate free.
U.S. dollar
eight
5
16506
Double mouthguard, CLEAR
6.99
6.9900
https://www.everlast.com/pub/media/catalog/product/4/4/4410e_5.jpg
Not in stock
No
One size
clear
Black Clear

Shock Doctor Mouthguard

44 9000 9002 Shock Doc Double Braces Mouthguard Red Strapless Adult

In Stock: 1

Price: $ 19.99

• Mouthguard Color : Red
• Mouthguard Size : Adult
• Mouthguard Style : Strapless

44

Doc Double Braces Mouthguard Blue Youth Strapless

In Stock: 2+

Price: $ 19.99

• Mouthguard Color : Blue
• Mouthguard Size : Youth
• Mouthguard Style : Strapless

	Shock Doc Double Braces Mouthguard Blue Adult Strap In Stock: 2 Price: $ 19.0066.99 Mouthguard Color : Blue Mouthguard Size : Adult Mouth Guard Style : Strap
	Shock Doc Double Braces Mouthguard66 Red Strap 9002 Adult 9000 Stock: 2+ Price: $ 19.99 Mouthguard Color : Red Mouthguard Size : Adult Mouth Guard Style : Strap
	Shock Doc Double Braces Mouthguard Blue Youth3 Strap 9006 9000 2+ Price: $ 19.99 Mouthguard Color : Blue Mouthguard Size : Youth Mouth Guard Style : Strap
	Shock Doc Double Braces Mouthguard Red66 Youth2 9000 Strapless 9000 Stock: 2+ Price: $ 19.99 Mouthguard Color : Red Mouthguard Size : Youth Mouthguard Style : Strapless

Double or Single Kappa boxing?

* This post contains affiliate links – I will receive a commission on any purchase you make.

Mouth guards are important for use in many sports, but when it comes to boxing, they are essential. It softens the teeth on impact, protects against injuries to the jaw and neck, not to mention the tongue.

It is clear that there are two types of mouthguards on the market, double and single, but the question is which is best for boxing?

Benefits of a double mouthguard

Image courtesy of skeeze from Pixabay

Keep your mouth closed at all times to keep the mouthguard in place.This is actually a good thing, as it reinforces the habit of always keeping the jaw energized, helps absorb shots better, and reduces the likelihood of head injury.

Often the best choice for people with braces – single aligners do not cover any of the lower teeth, which means that if you are hit close to your chin, you could end up bruising your lips or the inside of your mouth.

Here’s one on Amazon (link) that I think is worth the money.

Advantages of a single mouthguard

The biggest advantage of a single mouthguard is that it does not obstruct your breathing.Double mouthguards have openings, but they are too small to let in enough air – during intense workouts or fights, it will be difficult for you to gasp for air, not to mention if your nose is clogged from the blows. take.

It’s easier to talk to him or even take a sip. Having a double mouthguard means you have to constantly take it off and on, which can be very annoying.

The only option if your lower teeth are not aligned correctly or as straight as your upper teeth, unless you have a custom-made double mouthguard.

Does not collect saliva, as you can always open your mouth freely.

Often cheaper.

Amazon link for the best single mouthguard in my opinion.

Conclusion

Personally, I and many other boxers agree that the solo version is clearly the best option. If you don’t have braces, then this is really the only way out – a double mouthguard is too much.

You might also consider getting a double look if you are just a beginner and used to keeping your jaw closed, but otherwise, in my opinion, this is not necessary.

Some people swear that double mouthguards reduce the damage done to the brain by blows because they cover a large area of ​​the jaw, but research doesn’t really support this.

After all, most boxers use single mouthguards, so I think this is sufficient proof that you should choose.

Additional Notes

If you still want to use double aligners, try taking two single pieces and molding them separately for the upper and lower teeth, then using them both during your workout.It will work just like a real double mouthguard, only you can breathe freely, although it can be more expensive.

Single or double, the best type of mouthguard is still custom. Boil and bite types can be right when done right, but individual ones are nevertheless best suited, but they cost more. Many dentists in your area must offer this service, or you can try a service online like MouthPieceGuy.

Take the single and double mouthguards and try which one you like best.

If you visit the dentist and they end up fixing your teeth, you will usually need to replace your mouthguard due to the altered contour.

Best Mouthguard / Night Protection for Grinding Teeth in 2021

Teeth grinding, also called bruxism, is a common condition in which a person clenches or grinds their teeth. With an estimated adult prevalence of 8% to 31.4%, you may grind your teeth at night without realizing it.While the cause of the condition is not always clear, the consequences can be unpleasant, including jaw pain, tooth damage, and headaches.

Although there is no cure for bruxism, many health care providers recommend mouth guards or night guards to limit rubbing and pinching during the night and their associated effects. These protective devices cover the teeth to protect them from possible damage.

We will share our top picks, explain what to look for in a mouth guard, and answer some questions you may have before purchasing.

While some users find relief from mouthguards, they may not be suitable for everyone. If you think you may grind your teeth at night, talk to your dentist or doctor to explore possible causes and treatment options.

Product Details

Best Performance

Smile Brilliant Night Guard

Best For:

• Customers looking to buy multiple packs
• For those looking to reorder
• People looking for a custom fit

Features:

• Specialized laboratory established
• Prints saved for replacement orders
• Inexpensive security kits for 1, 2 or 4 nights

Use this SleepFoundation.Link to org for the latest discount on Smile Brilliant

Smile Brilliant Night Guard combines softness and durability. It is crafted with a custom fit for added comfort.

The thickness of each tray is 2 mm. The material should withstand heavy grinding for about 3 months when used at night.

Available in three configurations, including one, two or four customizable night guards with travel cases.The company recommends choosing a package based on your level of sanding, with heavier sanding machines requiring additional mouth guards to replace the one they use more often.

When a customer places an order, they first receive a free impression kit to take an impression of their teeth at home. The molding process takes about 15 minutes. The customer then sends the impression to the laboratory in a prepaid envelope and the laboratory makes a custom tray.Smile Brilliant saves your tooth prints in a file so they can be easily modified. Reorders are available at a lower cost than the original purchase.

Smile Brilliant Night Guard comes with a 45-day trial and customers can receive a full refund of the purchase price minus shipping costs if they are not satisfied.

Most Comfortable

Teeth Protection Pro

Best For:

• Those with Light to Heavy Dental Grinding
• Buyers Who Need More Choices
• Sleepers who prefer a custom fit

Features:

• Custom Made in a Professional Dental Lab
• Choice of Four Different Models
• 110% Money Back Guarantee

Save $ 15 on Pro Teeth Guard with this code: PTG15

Pro Teeth Guard comes in four custom designs for your mouth, providing comfort and protection.

These kits differ in thickness, materials and level of protection. The Hard Night Guard is designed for tough sanding work. It has a thickness of 1.5 mm and is highly durable. The Hybrid Night Guard is tough on the outside and soft on the inside, and protects against moderate to heavy abrasion on the inside. Its thickness is 2 mm, and it is the most popular option in the company.

Ultra-thin 1 mm cover provides low visibility and is suitable for protection against light to moderate sanding during the day.Soft Night Guard is flexible to the touch. It is 1.5mm thick and designed to protect against light sanding and pinching.

Pro Teeth Guard are manufactured in a professional dental laboratory. The client orders the night security online and receives an impression by mail. Once they have taken the impressions, they send them back in a prepaid return envelope, and then receive their custom mouthguard.

The company offers a 110% money back guarantee. If you are not satisfied within the first 60 days, you can return your mouthguard for a full refund of the purchase price plus an additional 10%.The adjustments are also free for the first 60 days. Hard Night Guard, Hybrid Night Guard and Soft Night Guard are guaranteed for 1 year, and Ultra Thin Guard for 6 months.

Best Durable Mouthguard

Daring Mouthguard

For Whom:

• People with Permanent Fixators
• For those looking for a customized solution to treat bruxism
• Buyers who think they will need a mouthguard

indefinitely

Features:

• Custom Design for Personal Protection Against Bruxism
• One-Time Pay Brings You a New Security Guard Every 3 Months
• Choose Between Soft and Hard Shields

Get 15% Off With This Code: SLEEP15

Cheeky Is Special matched mouthguard designed to reduce teeth grinding at night.Customers first receive an impression kit to create an impression for the upper teeth, which is then sent to the company. In a few weeks, their mouthguard will be delivered by mail. Customers can choose between soft thermoplastic or hard acrylic and thermoplastic fencing depending on their personal preference.

Although the preliminary price is a bit overpriced at first glance, Cheeky will ship a new custom mouthguard every three months until the buyer abandons the replacement plan.Shipping is always free for new security guards, making Cheeky a suitable option for people planning to use anti-bruxism for the foreseeable future. One-time purchases are also available.

Cleaning the Cheeky is quick and easy: just wipe the mouthguard with a toothbrush before using it every night. Each purchase includes a compact storage case that can also come in handy when traveling.

Whether you opt for a one-time purchase or a replacement, Cheeky will provide a full refund to any customer who is not fully satisfied.Customers can upgrade to a replacement plan for free at any time.

Best Customizable

Chomper Laboratories

Who’s Better:

• Sleepers with varying degrees of tooth grinding
• For those who prefer a custom fit
• Faces with distinct preference for hardness or thickness

Features

Different levels of thickness and feel

Fully Customizable – Made in a Full Service Dental Lab

100 Day Warranty

Use this SleepFoundation.Link to org for the most recent discount on Chomper Labs products

Chomper Labs Night Guard is custom made to fit the user’s teeth and there are four unique choices available. This allows for greater personalization to better suit individual needs.

The Soft model is 3 mm thick and made of a flexible material that resembles rubber. It is designed for moderate compression or light sanding.With a thickness of 2.5 mm, the Hybrid is soft on the inside and hard on the outside to provide protection against medium to heavy sanding. The 2 mm Hard version is made from a tough copolyester material that can withstand both heavy and heavy grinding. The retainer also uses a hard material. It has a thickness of 1mm to 1.5mm and is designed to resist grinding and prevent teeth from shifting.

As a full-service dental laboratory, customers can turn to Chomper Labs for additional customization options.Chomper Labs can adjust the thickness or use special materials for customers’ convenience.

Once a customer places an order, they will receive an impression kit to take an impression of their teeth at home, and they then use the enclosed prepaid envelope to send the mold to a lab that will customize the aligner and process it by hand for more accurate fit.

If a customer decides that their Chomper Labs mouthguard is not suitable within the first 100 days, Chomper Labs will make a change or replace it free of charge.If the buyer is not satisfied with the customization or replacement, they may return the product for a full refund during that trial period, minus shipping costs.

Each custom mouthguard also comes with a 6 month warranty. Chomper Labs maintains prints for two years to facilitate reordering.

Best value for money

Sporting Smiles Teeth Grinding Night Guard – Flexible Super Hard

Best For:

• Heavy Tooth Grinder
• People who plan to wear mouthguards for a long time
• For those who needs custom fit

Features:

• Custom design
• Flexible yet durable EVA material
• Discount on subsequent aligners

Use this SleepFoundation.Link to org for the latest discount on Sporting Smiles

Sporting Smiles offers a variety of night protection models designed to minimize the effects of bruxism. Each model differs in strength, durability and comfort. The type of model you need will ultimately depend on personal preference and how hard you grind your teeth. The Flexible Super Hard model is the most durable model available for those with severe teeth grinding.

The Flexible Super Hard is 3 millimeters thick and is tailored to your teeth. It is made of transparent EVA plastic, which is flexible yet dense, allowing night protection to protect against severe abrasion. People who do not grind their teeth may prefer softer models with less sanding.

Sporting Smiles offers customers an impression kit that allows them to mold their own teeth. If the impression is found to be imperfect, Sporting Smiles will send a free replacement filler to make a new mold.The company keeps you in shape and offers up to 35% discount if you re-order your replacement mouthguard within a year.

If customers are unhappy with the night watch mount, Sporting Smiles offers a 30-day warranty. During this period, the company will send a free replacement guard or issue a full refund minus $ 15 shipping and supplies.

Causes and Symptoms of Teeth Grinding

Teeth Grinding can have far-reaching symptoms and the underlying cause may not be obvious.The American Dental Association (ADA) reports that some common symptoms include sore jaw, dull headaches, painful or loose teeth, and broken teeth.

Although the exact causes of teeth grinding are not entirely clear, the ADA cites stress as a potential trigger for adults, and mouth irritation, dental misalignment, and allergies as possible factors contributing to development in children.

If you suspect that you (or your child) have a grinding or clenching at night, talk to your dentist or doctor to find out more.

How to Choose a Grinding Mouthpiece

While all Grinding Mouthguards solve the same problem, they vary greatly in design, which may make some mouthguards more suitable for some sleepers than others.

What to Consider When Buying a Mouthguard

Mouthguards vary in shape, materials, comfort, strength, style and price. Understanding the differences will help you choose the most comfortable and protective model for you.

Fit
Fit is one of the most important criteria that affects the comfort and convenience of mouthguards.A mouthguard that is too thick can feel cumbersome in the mouth, and a mouthguard that is too loose can be difficult to keep in place overnight. While versatile models are available, many sleepers prefer custom options so that the mouthguard stays in place without taking up too much space.

Materials
Most aligners are made of durable thermoset plastic, although some use acrylic materials. Reputable laboratories must use safe, high quality components that pass the test.Latex allergy shoppers may want to read the product description carefully to make sure the mouthguard is latex free, while some shoppers may also prefer the BPA-free option.

Comfort
Comfort is subjective, but may vary depending on the cut, materials and style of the mouthguard. A custom fit is often most comfortable as it is tailored to fit each mouth. Some sleepers may like the soft mouthguard, while others may like the rigid construction.The style and shape of the mouthguard can also affect the feel, as some may be larger than others. Some models can be designed for increased comfort, but can be modified to take up less space in the mouth.

Durability
Mouth guards are designed to withstand grinding and crunching, but their durability will depend on their strength. Those designed for heavy or heavy sanding are likely to be the most durable, while those designed for light sanding may wear out faster, especially with moderate to heavy sanding.

Generally, grinders with heavy teeth may need to change the aligner more frequently for permanent protection. Many custom-made mouthguards manufacturers take this into account and store customers’ dental prints on file so they can be easily replaced. These services also generally charge less for subsequent mouthguards.

Style
Mouthguards are available in different styles and types to suit different needs and preferences. The most noticeable change is often how the mouthguard is positioned over the teeth, in a boil and bite pattern, individual or universal.

Price
Buying a dental grinder online is usually cheaper than buying it from the dentist’s office. Many mouthguards range from $ 100 to $ 200, but durability can be as important as price in determining the total cost. The less reliable option may need to be replaced every few months, which can lead to an increase in the total over time, while the more durable models may cost more but require less frequent replacement.

Which type of mouthguard should I choose?

There are several types of sleep guards available, each with its own pros and cons. If you learn more about them, it will be easier for you to understand which one suits you best.

Boil & Bite Style
Boil & Bite Style Mouthguards are individually tailored without the need to send your dental impression to the laboratory. Most models have clear instructions on how to boil the mouthguard, remove it with forceps, run it under cold water, and place it in your mouth to shape your teeth.The mouthguard can then usually be rinsed and used without downtime.

This design has several potential benefits, including a custom fit without having to wait for a lab to process your order. Many boil and bite type aligners can also be changed, which can be convenient if your teeth drift over time or if you don’t fit correctly. the first time.

Mail order
With custom-made mouthguards by mail, the buyer usually receives a free impression kit, which he uses to make an impression of his teeth.They then send this form to the laboratory, where technicians create a custom mouthguard for the client’s mouth. These mouthguards are often the best, but they can also be the most expensive. However, customers considering buying a mouthguard directly from their dentist can get a similar result at a lower cost with a custom mouthguard delivered by mail order.

One size fits all
One size mouthguards fit most sleepers, but ideal for very few.They can provide a fast, affordable and convenient solution, although users have left mixed reviews for comfort, convenience, and efficiency.

Mouthguards not designed for grinding teeth
While there are many mouthpieces on the market for grinding teeth, others solve other problems. Sports mouthpieces are designed to protect teeth in the event of an impact, and snoring mouthpieces are designed to reduce snoring by moving the lower jaw forward.

While you might be tempted to try using one of these mouthguards to prevent grinding your teeth, they are not designed for the task.Grinding stresses can cause materials to break down more quickly. They also may not provide effective protection against rubbing, just as a rubbing guard is not suitable for sports protection or reducing snoring. If you are unsure which type of mouthguard is right for you, talk to your doctor or dentist.

Frequently asked questions about mouthguards

How to clean a mouthguard?

It is best to clean the mouthguard following the manufacturer’s instructions. Most should be rinsed and brushed gently daily.Because toothpaste can be abrasive, some require milder cleaning agents. Let the drip tray dry before storing it.

Mouth guards also typically require regular deep cleaning, which can usually be done with a non-abrasive denture cleaner, mouthwash, or hydrogen peroxide. Follow the cleaning instructions that came with the mouthguard to keep the device clean without damaging it.

How do mouthguards work?

Anti-bruxism aligners act as a barrier between the teeth, providing a layer of shock absorption.The mouthguard is worn over the upper or lower teeth to prevent contact and protect the tooth enamel.

Can I wear a mouthguard on my upper or lower teeth?

Sleepers can wear an upper or lower mouth guard depending on their personal preference and the dentist’s recommendation. Dentists and users differ in opinion of which one is more comfortable and better.

Grinding trays are usually designed to be worn on the upper or lower teeth, but not both at the same time.Some of the customizable options can be molded to accommodate the upper or lower teeth, while others are tailored specifically to one or the other. If you have a strong preference, pay close attention to the product descriptions to make sure the kappa you are planning meets all requirements.

Shock Doctor Nano Double Mouthguard Review – MMA Life

This article discusses the Boil and Bite Tray from Shock Doctor.Called the Nano Double Mouthguard, this item is designed to protect a person’s jaw and teeth from impacts from sports and martial arts. In addition to discussing product specs, I will also share my personal experiences with the Nano mouthguard for hitting, sub-grappling, and mixed martial arts training.

* It is important to note that the Nano aligner is not intended for people with braces.

Pro

• Comfortable fit
• Excellent protection
• Easy to mold

Con

• Slightly bulky
• Difficult speech

Comments on the review

Designs available in sync

9000 Nano and red colors.

Mouthguard Type: Shock Doctor’s Nano is a boil and bite-style mouthguard that allows you to easily mold a securely fitted mouthguard at home, providing great convenience as these people do not need to get a dental impression from the dentist. The following video shows you how to properly mold and position the Nano and other Shock Doctor boil and bite aligners.

As shown in the video above, this mouthguard can be boiled again and reinstalled if the first attempt was not made correctly.

Mouthguard Straps: This mouthguard has a slot for attaching a mouthguard strap as shown in the image below, allowing you to use the Nano for helmet sports such as soccer. However, the mouthguard strap is not included with the Nano mouthguard.

Double protection: the Nano mouthguard has gel pads that absorb impacts felt by both the upper and lower jaw. The upper part consists of a full gel pad, while the lower layer has only three marked dots.The following images show the padding of the bottom layer before the splint went through the boil and bite process.

Airway: The Nano airway consists of four openings that allow the user to breathe through the mouthguard even while biting into it.

Comfort & Fit

I’ve used the Nano Double mouthguard for over 3 years and found it still provides a snug and secure fit that doesn’t budge on impact. However, boil and bite aligners usually cannot compete with more expensive custom-made aligners that require a visit to the dentist to set up.

Breathing ducts for the Nano Double is a great concept, but so far I’m still trying to get a lot out of its design. Therefore, you should not rely too much on breathing through the air holes of the Nano during sparring. It is also important to have a hygienic habit of constantly cleaning the mouth guard and its airways to prevent the growth of bacteria.

It is definitely difficult to speak clearly with the Nano Double mouthguard installed, which usually results in muffled sounds that are difficult for teammates to understand.Therefore, I often take off my mouthguard if I need to discuss techniques or sparring observations. My teammates with custom mouthguards are not that hard to talk to.

Protection

The Shock Doctor shock absorption solution incorporates a Nano Double design so that the gel pad and its two-sided support structure distribute and reduce the main force. In addition, it is designed to help align the jaw correctly to provide better jaw protection against impact shock.

The Nano Double mouth guard is a quality product that has proven its strength and durability. However, I noticed dents forming on the bottom of the mouthguard. These dents are most likely due to the high impact force the teeth on my lower jaw cut into the plastic part of the aligner, where there are no gel pads. Despite this, I have not yet noticed any real damage to the lower teeth.

Although the product description states that this mouthguard uses a low profile, I found it relatively bulky.Of course, the trade-off is the extra protection and jaw alignment features. I saved myself many times by wearing this mouthguard when sparring. The lesson I learned early on is that it’s important to always have a mouthguard, whether it’s easy or hard sparring. For a relatively inexpensive mouthguard, the Nano has provided me with excellent protection over the years.

Mouthguards | Dunhams

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