Pool Rules: How To Play 8-Ball Pool
Pool is a popular game that is played all over the world by millions of people. However, there are many different varieties of the game, all with distinctly different rules and regulations. By far, the most popular forms of the game are the ones that originated in the USA, known as ‘eight-ball’ and ‘nine-ball’ pool.
Both are played on a normal sized pool table with the regulation six pockets and both have multiple championships around the world. However, it is eight-ball that is the more common game – the one you’ll most likely see being played at your local pool hall and the one that most people first think of when the word pool is mentioned.
Eight-ball pool can be played as a singles or doubles game and is played with cues and 16 balls, 15 object balls, and one cue ball (the ball the players strike to try and hit the other balls). Pool can be a relatively high-speed game compared to its close relatives snooker and billiards but that makes it no less skilful with players requiring a high degree of skill, concentration, and tactical thinking to play the game at a high level.
Object of the Game
The object of pool is to pot all of your designated balls (either stripes or solids) and then pot the 8 ball, thus winning the game. As pool matches often consist of several games in a ‘best out of’ format, players attempt to win as many games as needed to win the match. Players must use their skills in both attack and safety play, as well as tactical nous to help them win the match.
Players & Equipment
To play pool, the following pieces of equipment are required:
- Table: The table used in pool is approximately 9 feet by 4.5 feet although games can often be played on differing sized tables.
- Balls: 16 balls in total, comprising a white cue ball, seven striped balls, seven solid balls, and one black ball (8 ball).
- Cues: Players have a cue each which can be made from wood, carbon fibre, or fibreglass and this is used for striking the cue ball.
- Chalk: To ensure they have more control over their shots, each player tends to chalk the end of their cue to ensure there is good contact between the cue and the ball.
Scoring
There is no score as such in pool with both players simply attempting to pot all of their designated object balls and then potting the 8 ball into the pocket that they have chosen. However, pool matches are often played over a number of games, so for example, in a best of nine frame match, the first player to reach five frames would be declared the winner.
Winning the Game
8 Ball pool is won when one of the following occurs:
- A player pots all of their designated balls and then legally pockets the 8 ball into their nominated pocket.
- The opposing player illegally pots the 8 ball before clearing their own set of balls.
- The 8 ball is knocked of the table by the opposition.
Rules of Pool
The rules of pool are some of the most contested of any sport, with slightly differing variations being played in different countries, cities, areas, and even establishments. However, the World Pool Billiard Association (WPA) have produced a standardized set of rules for both amateur and professionals by which to abide.
- Before the game begins, the object balls should be placed in a triangular rack and positioned at the lower end of the table so that the apex ball of the rack lies on the foot spot. The order of the balls should be random apart from the black 8-ball, which should be placed in the middle of the third row. The white ball should be placed anywhere behind the service line on the table.
- If it is the first game in a match, a coin should be tossed to decide who gets to choose whether to break. After that, the break is taken in turns.
- To make a legal break, the player must hit the balls and ensure that four balls hit cushions and that the cue ball doesn’t go down a pocket. If the 8-ball is potted on the break, the player is entitled to ask for a re-rack.
- The first player to pot an object ball will then have to continue to pot the balls from that category (stripes or solids). The opposition player will have to pot the other group.
- A player will continue to make shots until they foul, or fail to pot an object ball.
Then it is the turn of the opposing player. Play continues like this for the remainder of the game.
- If a player commits a foul, the opposition player is entitled to place the cue ball anywhere on the table. There are numerous fouls in pool, some of the most common being:
- Failing to hit your own object balls.
- Hitting the cue ball off the table.
- Potting one of the opposition’s object balls.
- Hitting the cue ball twice.
- Pushing the cue ball rather than striking it.
- A player taking a shot when it is not their turn.
- Once all of a player’s balls have been potted, they must then sink the 8 ball. They must first designate which pocket they intend to pot the 8-ball in and then do as stated. Failure to do so will result in the opposition player returning to the table. If the player pots the 8 ball in any other pocket other than the nominated one, they forfeit the game.
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Types of pockets in clothes – BurdaStyle.ru
But, in addition to their main task, pockets also play the role of decor. Perhaps not a single piece of clothing can boast of such a variety of “models” as pockets. Simple and complex, almost invisible or, on the contrary, they are the embodiment of the most daring design solutions, suitable for absolutely any style. At the same time, every new fashion idea starts from a simple foundation.
Pocket types
Depending on the location, pockets are external and internal , “on” or “in” the lining of the product. By type, pockets are divided into overhead, welt and in-seam pockets. Let’s consider each of them.
Patch pocket
is the most common and very easy to use. As a rule, a patch pocket is sewn on the front side of the product. It can be of any shape and size – square, rectangular, with rounded corners, curly, for example, in the shape of a heart, a kangaroo pocket.
Plain patch pocket
Most often used on jeans and unlined models.
Lined patch pocket
Suitable for all sewn lined, thick fabrics. For example, for coats, jackets, jackets.
Flap patch pocket
Available with or without lining. The valve in this case serves as a decorative element and closes the entrance to the pocket. The valve is always reinforced with a gasket and duplicated with a main or lining fabric, sometimes contrasting. A pocket with a flap looks very advantageous on men’s products and models in safari and casual style.
Briefcase
• Jacket with briefcase pockets model 116 from Burda 2/2016 • Straight skirt with briefcase pockets model 127 from Burda 4/2015
Fashionable version of the patch pocket. The volume is achieved with the help of large folds or stitched strips around the pocket detail.
In-seam pockets
In-seam simple pocket
Short knitted jumpsuit , model 118 A from Burda 5/2016
The easiest pocket to process, it is easy to cut and sew. As a rule, the entrance to the pocket on the pattern is indicated by transverse marks, and there is a separate pattern for burlap.
In-seam zip pocket
differs from a simple one in that the entrance to the pocket is closed with a zipper. Burlap is stitched together with a zipper.
Pocket in the seam for attaching the yoke
This method is also used in products with cut-off transverse parts.
Barrel pocket
Quite easy and quick to do. The pocket with a detachable barrel is most often found in trousers, shorts and skirts. As a decor, they make such a pocket with a valve.
Welt pockets
Quick pocket
A-line dress, model 120 V from Burda 12/2015
It is considered the simplest welt pocket – it is sewn quickly and does not cause any difficulties.
Welt pocket
Balloon coat without collar , model 102 from Burda 12/2015
The difference from other types is that the main fabric needs to be cut through. At first glance, it may seem that this is very difficult to do. But in fact, everything is simple. The main thing is accuracy and accuracy in frame processing. If this method is new for you, try to make a sample and only then proceed to make a framed welt pocket on the product.
Welt pocket with insert flap
Most often found in classic jackets, coats and men’s jackets.
Framed welt pocket with zipper
version of the classic welt pocket in a frame, only with a zipper. This is a kind of business card of sportswear – anoraks, trousers, vests, jackets.
Welt pocket with frame on one side
in this case, only one facing is cut out, with which this type of pocket is processed.
Welt pocket with flap
Long blazer , model 130 from Burda 1/2016
The entrance to such a pocket, as in the waybill, is hidden under the valve. It is very important to observe the utmost accuracy in the processing process.
Welt pocket with leaflet
A-line jacquard skirt, model 101 A from Burda 3/2016
Looks like a pocket with a valve. A leaflet is a separately cut-out detail, with the help of which a line of a welt pocket is drawn up. The leaflet can be a decorative element of the product, creating the illusion of a pocket.
Welt pocket with zipper
Parka with detachable fur lining, model 124 from Burda 1/2016
The simplest of all welt pockets. It is performed on products made of dense fabrics, otherwise the soft fabric will sag under the weight of lightning. For this type of pockets, it is best to use decorative zippers.
Photo: BurdaStyle.ru
Material prepared by Yulia Dekanova
Types of pockets and location of pockets in the product
Correct marking and location of pockets in clothing
Pockets are an integral part of almost any product, and perform an aesthetic, decorative and practical function. Pockets can not only decorate your dress, shirt, jacket or coat and increase their value, but also give the clothes a unique author’s style. In our previous lessons, we have already published master classes on the technology of processing various pockets, and today we propose to consider in detail the types of pockets and how they are located in products.
Contents:
Correct marking and location of pockets in clothes
What are the types of pockets
Types of welt pockets
Types of patch pockets
Location of product pockets
org/ListItem”>The location of the vertical and inclined welt pockets of the jacket and coat
Location of pockets in embossed and side seams
The location of the lower patch pockets of the jacket and coat
The mutual arrangement of the upper and lower patch pockets in the product
Top pocket location
Location of the bottom pocket
org/ListItem”>
The location of the chest and horizontal welt pocket of the jacket and coat
Non-standard position of patch pockets
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What types of pockets are there
By location, pockets are divided into internal (located on the inside of the product – Fig. 1) and external (located on the external parts of the product). External pockets, in turn, are welt, not welt (located in the seams of the product) and overhead.
Fig. 1. Inner welt pockets of a men’s jacket
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Types of welt pockets
The variety of forms of processing welt pockets allows you to create unique author’s clothing models. Welt pockets can be framed, with a zipper, with a flap, with an invoice and a set-in leaflet, in a piping.
According to the location of the entrance (into the pocket), welt pockets can have a horizontal position (Fig. 2), an inclined position (with a slight deviation from the horizontal), vertical (or with a slight deviation from the vertical) (Fig. 3).
Fig. 2. Horizontal welt pocket with a frame, with a zipper, with a flap
Rice. 3. Vertical welt pocket with patch leaflet, with flap, framed with zipper
A wide variety of possibilities for experimenting with pockets allows you to create unique author’s clothing models.
Fig. 4. Horizontal welt pocket with 9 different leaflets0003 back to contents ▴
Types of patch pockets
Patch pockets can have a wide variety of shapes and finishes – rectangular (Fig. 5.1 – 5.4), with rounded lower corners (Fig. 5.2 – 5.4), with a finishing strip (Fig. 5.2 ), with curly flaps (5.13, 5.14), with pleats (5.8, 5.12, 5.13, 5.16), with a shackle closure (5.15), eyelets and lacing (5.16) and other similar decorations.
Standard patch pocket width/length ratio:
- Pocket length = Pocket width + 1 cm
- Flap width = Pocket width + 0.6 cm
- Flap length = 1/3 Pocket length (but may vary depending on design).
Fig. 5. Shape of patch pockets
The most popular ways of attaching patch pockets are shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 6.1-6.1a – a pocket sewn along the edge with a straight line with one and two parallel lines, stitch length 2.4 mm. It is mainly used for sewing women’s and men’s shirts.
Fig. 6.2-6.2a – beveled pockets are used mainly in the design of denim trousers and skirts.
Fig. 6.3-6.3а pocket with a flap, used for sewing outerwear – dresses, jackets, jackets, coats.
Fig. 6. Ways of sewing patch pockets
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Location of product pockets
Location of chest and horizontal welt pockets of jackets and coats
Chest pocket with a leaflet. To design a chest pocket with a leaflet, take the shelf of the product at the stage of style modeling. From point G along the line of the armhole, set aside GG1 \u003d 1/4 of the width of the armhole according to the drawing minus 0.5 cm. Depending on the size of your product, the resulting value can be from 2.5 to 6 cm. G1G2 \u003d 1.5-2 cm.
The leaf width may vary depending on the size from 2 to 3 cm (G3G4 = 2-3 cm). The length of the entrance to the chest pocket for size 48 is:
- for a jacket – 10.5 cm
- for coat – 11.5 cm. For adjacent sizes, the length of the entrance to the pocket is changed by ± 0.3 cm.
Fig. 7. Location of jacket and coat pockets – chest and horizontal welt
Position of the horizontal welt pocket. To determine the position of the horizontal welt pocket in relation to the waist line, use the DTS measure (Length to the waist of the back). From point T, lay down vertically:
- For a women’s jacket TT1 = 1/4 DTS – 4 cm (may vary slightly both up and down).
- For women’s coat TT1 = 1/4 DTS – 3 cm (may vary slightly both up and down).
Set aside KK1 = 1.5-2 cm from the right side of the tail tuck to the right. entrance to the pocket for a women’s jacket K1K2 = 1/10 OG + 5.5 cm (in designer models, the number can vary both up and down).
![](/800/600/https/blog.sportsunlimitedinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/new-lax-pocket.jpg?w=614)
The standard width of the welt pocket frame is 1.5 cm, but on request it can be from 1 to 2 cm. welt pockets with leaflets or flaps. Such pockets are modeled as follows. From the auxiliary line for constructing the armhole of the shelf (point G) and from the point C. G. (Center of the chest), lower the perpendiculars down to the intersection with the waist line – points T and T1 are obtained. Distance TT2 = 1/2 TT1.
- For models without belt T2K = 2-4 see
- For models with a belt, calculate the T2K distance using the formula: T2K = 1/2 Belt width + 2 cm.
The length of the vertical welt pocket is calculated by the formula:
- for a women’s jacket KK1 = 1/10 OG + 6÷6.5 cm (in designer models, the increase can vary both up and down).
- The length of the entrance to the pocket for a women’s coat KK1 = 1/10 OG + 7÷7.5 cm (in designer models, the increase can vary both up and down).
Fig. Construction of vertical and inclined welt pockets for jackets and coats
Use a compass to model a pocket with a deviation from the vertical. From point K to the left, draw an arc with radius KK1. In this case, the distance K1K2 can be chosen by the tailor, depending on the style of the product.
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Location of pockets in relief and side seams
Pockets are often located in relief and side seams. The position of the pockets relative to the waist line TT1 = 3-4 cm. The length of the entrance to the K1K2 pocket is calculated similarly to the inclined welt pockets.
Fig. 9. Location of pockets in embossed and side seams
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Location of lower patch pockets of a jacket and coat
Lower patch pockets of jackets and coats are built on the basis of a horizontal welt pocket (Fig. 7). From point K1, set aside 1-2 cm to the right and 1-1.5 cm upwards. The size of the pocket is determined by the model and is standard for jackets 15-16 cm in width, 16-17 cm in length; for a coat, the pocket dimensions can be increased by 1-2 cm in width and length.
Fig. 10. Location of patch pockets on jackets and coats
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Mutual arrangement of upper and lower patch pockets in the product
When designing a product with upper and lower patch pockets for the external aesthetics of the model, it is important to determine their location relative to each other.
Top pocket location
The top patch pocket is designed on the basis of the leaflet chest pocket (see fig. 7). GG1 \u003d 1/4 Width of the armhole according to the drawing minus 0.5 cm. Width of the upper pocket KK1 \u003d Leaf length + 2 cm. The length of the upper pocket K1K2 is equal to its width + 1 cm.
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Location of the bottom pocket
From the point C. G. (Center of the chest) lower down the perpendicular – a point T is obtained on the waist line.
- 5 cm (may also vary slightly both up and down).
- For women’s coat TT1 = 1/4 DTS – 4÷6 cm (may also vary slightly both up and down).
Draw a horizontal line from point T1 to the left and to the right. Т1К3 = 1÷3 cm (the value is chosen at the discretion of the product designer). The width of the bottom pocket K3K4 = KK1 + 3÷4 cm. The length of the bottom pocket K4K5 = K3K4 + 1 cm.
Fig. 11. Mutual arrangement of the lower and upper patch pockets in the product
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Non-standard position of patch pockets
Depending on your creative idea, the position of the pockets in the product, their shape and size may change. This will not only give the product unusualness and originality, but also emphasize the author’s style. One example is a short Chanel-style jacket (Fig. 12). Patch pockets with trim along the upper edge (sometimes along the perimeter) located above the waistline and having a relatively small size have become the hallmark of this Fashion House.
If you want to sew such a product, we offer you a jacket pattern and a master class on sewing a jacket.