How does the doctrine of Christian discovery impact the Iroquois Nationals lacrosse team. Why was the team initially excluded from the 2022 World Games. What led to Ireland’s decision to withdraw from the tournament.
The Iroquois Nationals: A Team Without a “Nation”
The Iroquois Nationals lacrosse team, representing the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, faced a significant challenge when they were initially excluded from the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama. Despite being ranked third globally, the team was omitted from the invitation list due to a controversial stance on their nationhood status.
The organizers claimed that the Iroquois Nationals could not compete because they did not represent a sovereign nation. This decision was made despite the fact that the players have their own passports and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy has a long-standing history of self-governance.
The Haudenosaunee Confederacy: A Complex Political Status
The Haudenosaunee Confederacy, also known as the Six Nations of the Iroquois, consists of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations. These nations have their own histories, territories, and governments, challenging the notion that they lack sovereignty.
In 1794, President George Washington signed a treaty with the Confederacy on behalf of the United States, a significant act considering that the United States only signs treaties with other nations, not races or ethnic groups. This historical fact further complicates the question of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy’s status in international competitions.
The Doctrine of Christian Discovery: A Legacy of Injustice
At the heart of the controversy lies the doctrine of Christian discovery, a racist and outdated concept that continues to influence U.S. Indian law and property rights. This doctrine, established when European Christians first arrived in the Americas, denied the rights to life, territory, and self-government of indigenous non-Christian nations.
The doctrine was legally codified in the United States through the 1823 Supreme Court decision in Johnson v. M’Intosh, where Chief Justice John Marshall incorporated it into U.S. Indian law. This decision became the basis for all U.S. property law, creating a legal framework that continues to impact indigenous rights today.
The Ongoing Impact of the Doctrine
The United States’ refusal to acknowledge the nationhood of the Six Nations is directly linked to the doctrine of Christian discovery. Recognizing their sovereignty would call into question the entire body of laws built upon this unjust doctrine, potentially undermining the legal basis for much of U.S. property ownership.
This reluctance to address the historical injustices perpetuated by the doctrine of Christian discovery has far-reaching consequences, extending beyond legal and property issues to affect cultural and sporting events like the World Games.
Lacrosse: More Than Just a Sport for the Haudenosaunee
For the Haudenosaunee people, lacrosse is far more than a competitive sport. Known as the “medicine game,” it holds deep cultural and spiritual significance. Lyle Thompson, an Iroquois Nationals player, emphasizes the importance of lacrosse in their culture: “All my life lessons really come from the game of lacrosse. Playing in those medicine games, those traditional medicine games and using a traditional wooden stick.”
The Haudenosaunee are widely recognized as the originators of lacrosse, making their exclusion from international competitions particularly painful and ironic. Their participation in these events is not just about athletic competition, but also about cultural representation and preservation.
The Cultural Significance of Lacrosse
- Spiritual connection: Lacrosse is considered a medicine game with healing properties
- Life lessons: The game teaches values and principles central to Haudenosaunee culture
- Traditional practices: Use of wooden sticks connects players to ancestral traditions
- Community bonding: Lacrosse serves as a unifying force within Haudenosaunee communities
The Fight for Inclusion: Grassroots Support and Unexpected Allies
The exclusion of the Iroquois Nationals from the 2022 World Games sparked outrage and mobilized support from various quarters. A petition calling for their inclusion garnered over 50,000 signatures, demonstrating widespread public support for the team’s participation.
In response to this pressure, the World Games organizers acknowledged their mistake. However, they faced a logistical challenge: the roster of eight teams for the tournament was already full. This situation set the stage for an extraordinary act of sportsmanship and solidarity.
Ireland’s Selfless Decision
In a remarkable turn of events, Ireland Lacrosse, which had secured a spot in the 2022 World Games, made the decision to withdraw from the tournament. This selfless act opened up a place for the Iroquois Nationals to compete.
Sonny Campbell, a player for Ireland Lacrosse, explained the reasoning behind their decision: “None of us would be going to Birmingham, Ala., in the first place if it wasn’t for the Iroquois and giving us the gift of their medicine game. We support them, and if it means we’ll give up our spot, then so be it. But the Iroquois, they need to be there.”
The Ripple Effects of Ireland’s Decision
Ireland’s withdrawal from the World Games to make room for the Iroquois Nationals had significant implications beyond the immediate tournament. This act of solidarity highlighted the unique position of the Iroquois in the lacrosse world and brought international attention to the ongoing struggles of indigenous nations for recognition and respect.
Reactions and Implications
- Increased awareness: The incident brought attention to the Haudenosaunee Confederacy’s unique status
- Sportsmanship celebrated: Ireland’s decision was widely praised as an example of true sportsmanship
- Precedent setting: The decision may influence future decisions regarding indigenous participation in international sports
- Cultural exchange: The incident fostered greater understanding between Irish and Haudenosaunee cultures
The Broader Context: Indigenous Rights and International Sport
The struggle of the Iroquois Nationals to participate in the World Games is part of a larger narrative of indigenous peoples fighting for recognition and representation on the global stage. This incident highlights the complex interplay between sports, politics, and cultural identity.
International sporting events have long been arenas where national identities are asserted and contested. For indigenous nations like the Haudenosaunee, participation in these events is not just about athletic competition, but also about asserting their sovereignty and cultural distinctiveness on a global platform.
Challenges Faced by Indigenous Athletes in International Competition
- Recognition issues: Many indigenous nations struggle for official recognition in international sports
- Funding disparities: Indigenous teams often face financial challenges in competing internationally
- Cultural preservation: Balancing traditional practices with modern sport requirements
- Political complexities: Navigating the intricacies of international relations and sovereignty issues
Looking Forward: The Future of Indigenous Participation in International Sports
The Iroquois Nationals’ journey to the 2022 World Games raises important questions about the future of indigenous participation in international sports. It challenges governing bodies to reconsider their criteria for national team eligibility and to recognize the unique status of indigenous nations.
This incident may serve as a catalyst for change, prompting a reevaluation of policies and practices that have historically excluded or marginalized indigenous athletes and teams. It also highlights the power of solidarity and grassroots support in effecting change in the world of international sports.
Potential Outcomes and Considerations
- Policy changes: Sports governing bodies may revise eligibility criteria to be more inclusive
- Increased representation: More indigenous teams may seek participation in international events
- Cultural awareness: Greater understanding of indigenous cultures through sports diplomacy
- Legal challenges: Potential legal actions to assert indigenous rights in sports contexts
- Collaborative solutions: Increased dialogue between indigenous nations, states, and sports organizations
The story of the Iroquois Nationals is more than just a sports narrative; it’s a powerful reminder of the ongoing struggles for recognition and respect faced by indigenous peoples worldwide. It demonstrates how sports can serve as a platform for cultural expression, political assertion, and international solidarity. As the world of international sports continues to evolve, the inclusion and recognition of indigenous teams like the Iroquois Nationals may well become a benchmark for true global representation and cultural diversity in athletics.
A racist U.S. doctrine holds back the Iroquois lacrosse team
To the editor: Thank you for the very informative article about the Iroquois Nationals lacrosse team’s struggle to be included in the World Games. The print edition headline — “A national team in need of a nation” — is misleading, however.
The Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy are indeed nations, with their own histories, territories and governments. In 1794, President George Washington signed a treaty with the Confederacy on behalf with the United States. The United States only signs treaties with other nations, not races or ethnic groups.
When European Christians “discovered” the Americas, they proclaimed a doctrine of Christian discovery that denied the rights to life, territory and self-government of the indigenous non-Christian nations. Chief Justice John Marshall, in his decision in Johnson vs. M’Intosh (1823), brought the doctrine of Christian discovery into U.S. Indian law as the basis of all U.S. property law.
The United States refuses to acknowledge the nationhood of the Six Nations, because doing so would call into question the whole body of unjust laws built on the doctrine of Christian discovery.
John Maddaus, Los Angeles
The writer is an associate professor emeritus of education at the University of Maine who focuses on Native American education.
..
To the editor: Rarely do we read such a richly bicultural piece that conveys the stories and values of another people while communicating the conundrum they find themselves in when dealing with a worldview based on conquest.
How critically important reading such a piece is if we are to outgrow the blindnesses of white privilege.
The story of how the birds’ acceptance of the mouse and the squirrel enabled them to win their lacrosse game over the larger animal team is a story about how every being has gifts to bring. Our founding idea of a confederacy of states comes from the Haudenosaunee peoples.
There is so much we have to learn frown the wisdom of others.
Alanna K. Brown, Valley Village
Ireland Lacrosse Bows Out Of 2022 World Games So Iroquois Nationals Can Play : NPR
Iroquois Nationals player Lyle Thompson (right), at the World Indoor Lacrosse Championship in 2015, said of the exclusion: “It was a disappointment and sort of boiled my blood.”
Scott McCall/One Bowl Productions
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Scott McCall/One Bowl Productions
Iroquois Nationals player Lyle Thompson (right), at the World Indoor Lacrosse Championship in 2015, said of the exclusion: “It was a disappointment and sort of boiled my blood.”
Scott McCall/One Bowl Productions
When invitations went out to men’s lacrosse teams to compete in the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Ala., there was a big omission. The No. 3 Iroquois Nationals, a team that represents the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, wasn’t on the list.
Organizers said the Nationals could not compete because it is not from a sovereign nation — even though players have their own passports.
“It was a disappointment and sort of boiled my blood,” says Lyle Thompson, an Iroquois Nationals player.
The Haudenosaunee are actually the originators of lacrosse, what they call the “medicine game.”
“All my life lessons really come from the game of lacrosse. Playing in those medicine games, those traditional medicine games and using a traditional wooden stick,” Thompson tells NPR’s Morning Edition.
A petition calling for the Nationals inclusion got more than 50,000 signatures.
The Games’ organizers recognized their mistake, but the roster of eight teams was full.
Enter: Ireland. Its team was set to play in 2022.
“None of us would be going to Birmingham, Ala., in the first place if it wasn’t for the Iroquois and giving us the gift of their medicine game,” Sonny Campbell, a player for Ireland Lacrosse, tells Morning Edition.
He says the Irish team wanted to do more than make a statement.
So earlier this month, it dropped out of the tournament, allowing the Nationals to take its spot.
“We support them, and if it means we’ll give up our spot, then so be it. But the Iroquois, they need to be there,” Campbell says.
Thompson says the move was unexpected.
“A sense of me felt bad because they’re sort of sacrificing and giving up their opportunity. But a part of me felt like this is the right move, and I do truly believe that,” he says.
Thompson says Ireland’s sacrifice won’t be in vain.
“The Iroquois Nationals are going to put together the best team the world has ever seen, and representing not just the Iroquois Nationals, but Ireland lacrosse also,” Thompson says.
The eight teams competing in Alabama will be Australia, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, the Iroquois Nationals, Israel, Japan and the U.S.
Premier Lacrosse League and Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse Announce Partnership
LOS ANGELES, CA. (January 11, 2021) – The Premier Lacrosse League (PLL) and Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse (INL) announced today a multi-faceted partnership that will encompass four pillars: mentorship, cultural awareness training, events, and brand.
The collective goal of the partnership will be to raise global awareness towards the roots of lacrosse while sustaining a more collaborative relationship between Native communities and the league. The partnership will include youth mentoring opportunities for PLL athletes and Native youth, a cultural awareness training program provided by INL to be implemented at the league level, collaborative events for knowledge and cultural sharing, and Native-designed apparel with proceeds going towards Native programs and communities.
“[This is] an important step in the history and future of lacrosse,” said Rex Lyons, Onondaga Eel clan, INL board member and former INL player. “Our mandate is peace, friendship and healing. Those are the fundamental values of our medicine game. It is an opportunity to provide leadership in sharing lacrosse and its core values with the world.”
“We could not be more excited to get this partnership started with the Iroquois Nationals,” said Kyle Harrison, PLL’s Director of Players & Inclusion, and Redwoods LC Captain. “The discussions with Rex Lyons, Betty Lyons and staff of the Iroquois Nationals Development Group have been inspiring and educational, and the sport is lucky for their leadership. From cultural sensitivity training, to peer mentoring, to events, to apparel collaborations, the PLL is committed to better educating ourselves, our players, our coaches, and our community around the Haudenosaunee history. The opportunity to be formally associated with the Iroquois Nationals in a positive way brings great pride to me and our league.”
This unique partnership between the PLL and Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse will benefit the game of lacrosse worldwide by bringing the origins of the sport to the forefront, while providing education and support for all involved.
“We were impressed by the genuine interest and commitment PLL has shown for the cultural significance of lacrosse for Indigenous peoples all over the world,” said Jeremy Thompson, INL and Atlas LC Midfielder. “We hope that the thoughtful, comprehensive nature of this partnership will serve as an example for how entities can work with communities to share knowledge and experience in meaningful ways.”
ABOUT PREMIER LACROSSE LEAGUE
The Premier Lacrosse League (PLL) is a men’s professional lacrosse league in North America, composed of 7 teams rostered with the best players in the world. Co-founded by lacrosse superstar, philanthropist, and investor Paul Rabil and his brother, serial entrepreneur and investor, Mike Rabil, the Premier Lacrosse League is backed by an investment group composed of Joe Tsai Sports, Brett Jefferson Holdings, The Raine Group, Creative Artists Agency (CAA) and other top investors in sports and media. The PLL was named Sports Breakthrough of the Year in 2020 by the Sports Business Journal. The PLL season is distributed through an exclusive media-rights agreement with NBC Sports Group. For more information, visit www.premierlacrosseleague.com and follow on social media: Instagram (@PLL), Twitter (@PremierLacrosse), Facebook (@PremierLacrosseLeague) and YouTube (YouTube.com/PLL).
ABOUT IROQUOIS NATIONALS LACROSSE
Lacrosse is called “deyhontsigwa’ehs” by the Onondaga meaning “they bump hips”, or the Creator’s Game, a traditional medicine game known among the Haudenosaunee to bring healing and to uplift the minds of the people. The Iroquois Nationals team represents the Haudenosaunee (including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora) in international field and indoor lacrosse. For more information, visit www.iroquoisnationalslacrosse.com and follow on social media: Instagram (@iroquoisnationalsofficial), Twitter (@IRQ_Nationals), and Facebook (@IroquoisNationalsOfficial).
Lacrosse Without the Iroquois Nationals is No World Celebration
The Iroquois Nationals learned of their exclusion from The World Games 2022 in Birmingham, Alabama, in the fall.
One of the countries that was invited noticed the Iroquois Nationals weren’t on the list of competitors and were confused. It reached out to the Haudenosaunee, inadvertently breaking the news to the odd-nation-out, said Executive Director Leo Nolan.
This came as a surprise to the Iroquois Nationals, which has competed as a sovereign entity in World Lacrosse events spanning back decades, including a third-place finish at the 2018 World Lacrosse Championships in Israel.
The Iroquois Nationals program started in 1983 when they traveled to Perth, Australia, for the World Lacrosse Championship to compete against USA, Canada, England and Australia. Since then, they’ve won five silver medals at World Indoor Lacrosse Championships and two bronze medals at World Lacrosse Championships.
“Unfortunately, we weren’t consulted, weren’t asked, weren’t informed about this,” Nolan explained.
Nolan said the Iroquois Nationals asked World Lacrosse what happened, and it responded that it was following the IOC criteria.
“Since that time, we’ve made every effort in a very respectful way to make inquiries about this,” Nolan said.
“With all the social media activity that’s been going on of late, it’s really caught the attention of our colleagues at World Lacrosse, of which we are a member.”
World Lacrosse, formerly the FIL, is not a decision maker or related to The World Games 2022, which is organized by the International World Games Association (IWGA) and its rules. Recognized by the IOC, The World Games include sports or portions of sports that are not in the Olympics. They are traditionally held one year after the Summer Olympics, but the pandemic has pushed next year’s event back to 2022. Many sports have graduated from The World Games up to the Olympics, such as badminton, beach volleyball and rugby sevens. A member of the IWGA since 2013, the sport was first introduced to The World Games in 2017 in Wroclaw, Poland, through women’s lacrosse with only six teams participating: Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Poland and the United States.
Last Wednesday, the IWGA, The World Games 2022 and World Lacrosse put out a statement that they’re collectively looking into whether or not the format should change for the event.
Joint Statement From The International World Games Association, @worldlaxsport and @TWG2022 Organizing Committee: pic.twitter.com/LkeVprgB58
— IROQUOIS NATIONALS LACROSSE (@IRQ_Nationals) July 29, 2020
This could mean an eventual invitation for the Iroquois Nationals, but with two years between now and the competition, an ultimate answer is unknown. If the Iroquois Nationals remain out of The World Games, Nolan said it would be like the 1992 Olympics without The Dream Team.
“The best players in the world aren’t going to be there? What’s up with that?” Nolan asked pointedly. “We’re all about promoting lacrosse. It’s the Creator’s game. It was given to us by the Creator to share with others. I think we’re done that successfully. But this is Indigenous inspired, and it’s really important for folks to recognize where this game came from.”
“It came from us.”
This is about more than just sending a great lacrosse team to an event, though. For the Haudenosaunee and Indigenous people across North America, sending a squad to represent them at international competitions like The World Games helps put an exclamation point on their sovereignty.
“I think it’s critical to enhancing the sovereignty that 576 recognized American Indian nations have in this country and the First Nations in Canada,” he said. “Our standing in our relationship with the United States is one of government-to-government. It’s not based on race. … We really believe that this will embody what it means to be sovereign and how our communities can really take that extra step toward that kind of recognition.”
The cultural exchange the Iroquois Nationals provide others and engage with themselves at tournaments like The World Games would also be lost if they’re excluded, Dave Bray, a member of the Iroquois Nationals Board of Directors, pointed out.
Bray played lacrosse at Cornell University in the 1970s and for the Iroquois Nationals at a number of international events. He grew up in the Seneca Territory and wasn’t exposed much to the outside world beyond the U.S. and Canada, he said. But through lacrosse and the Iroquois Nationals, it opened him up to the international community and allowed him to see a bigger world with a bigger mind.
He also recalled the surprise he experienced in college at the misunderstanding of his people.
“When I went to college, I was dumbfounded,” Bray explained. “Even though I was going to an Ivy League school, people did not know what type of housing I lived in, how I traveled, and these are people from Long Island, Baltimore. It was an eye-opener for me.”
Bringing the Haudenosaunee and Native people to outsiders through the Iroquois Nationals and lacrosse is a major way to combat the ignorance.
“Just having our athletes travel and share experience, and now having athletes playing at the professional level, it brings a sharing of cultural knowledge, sharing of our game and sharing of the roots of the game,” Bray said. “You’d be missing that type of information.”
Since this news hit the public sphere, roughly 50,000 people have signed a petition to include the Iroquois Nationals in The World Games.
“You can see the genuine support worldwide has been tremendous,” Bray said. “I was astounded by having (50 thousand) people supporting us. This support is going to help us gain the recognition we need to get back into The World Games and hopefully compete in the Olympics.”
The support hasn’t stopped with fans. The Canadian Lacrosse Association (CLA) released a strong statement July 26 backing the Iroquois Nationals’ inclusion, with Jason Donville, Director of CLA’s National Teams, explaining that,
“a World Championship of lacrosse, in any form, without the Haudenosaunee is not a World Championship.”
The complications with including the Iroquois Nationals in The World Games in two years has raised questions about an invitation to the 2028 Olympics. That is something that weighs on Nolan’s mind, he said.
“We’re planning on everything we need to administratively, procedural wise, like establishing a national Olympic committee, which we know is one of the requirements. It’s going to take a lot for us to be denied,” Nolan said. “We always think about future generations. We think about how our decisions today can affect seven generations out, so we’re very cautious about how we act and how we appropriately maintain these relationships with others: individuals, states, countries, the world in general. We’re very in tune to that responsibility.”
Nolan has since announced the formation of an Iroquois Nationals National Olympic Committee, a massive step in the right direction for the program’s inclusion in Los Angeles in 2028.
The World Games, and especially the Olympics, are a way away, and there is plenty of time for a solution to this situation. To Bray, there doesn’t seem to be a logical conclusion except inclusion for anyone involved.
“It’s a win-win-win situation for the Iroquois Nations, World Lacrosse and The World Games to have us there,” Bray explained. “To not have us there certainly doesn’t help anyone.”
Lacrosse – Onondaga Nation
Onondaga Redhawks Minors
Ddehoñtjihgwa’és – Lacrosse
One of the gifts that the Creator can bestow on the individual is the gift of sport. The sport that is most recognizable with the Onondaga and the Haudenosaunee is Dehoñtjihgwa’és or Lacrosse.
The Creator gave us many things for us here on earth, one of them is this game which we call Deyhontsigwa’ehs. Deyhontsigwa’ehs is roughly translated to mean, “They bump hips.” If you ever played or watched a lacrosse game, you can see how the game got its name.
Lacrosse at Onondaga is considered sacred. It is a game that was given by the Creator, to be played for the Creator, and has been known to have healing power. Because of this, it is also known as the Medicine Game. The game in its original form is played between two groups, usually divided up between clans or young men versus old men. Since women are respected for providing life and are to protect this gift, they do not play lacrosse.
Once sides are chosen, the two teams play. The men hold in their hands hand-made sticks made of hickory. The spirit of the tree connects the player to Mother Earth as they play for the Creator. The game is played on an open field with two pole at each end signifying goals which a ball made of leather must pass. The Creator is happy to see his game played. When a game like this is played on Mother Earth, it is said that a game is also being played with our ancestors in Creator’s land. There is a predetermined amount that the teams must reach before the game is considered won. Therefore the game is not timed.
Today we still play the game the way our ancestors played the game as shown above, but we also play modern lacrosse as well. g
Field Lacrosse
The Onondaga’s and Haudenosaunee have always played lacrosse outside on a large field. Our white brothers who never saw the sport before were impressed. The called the game lacrosse because our sticks look like the staff used by Bishops used in the church. The athleticism and stick skill that the players were showcasing impressed and inspired them to play. Soon the first lacrosse rule-book was written and non-native teams began to play.
The growth our game has allowed our people to play lacrosse in all different arenas as our white brothers began to play. Soon the Onondagas were playing “field Lacrosse” with the local colleges and universities in the area. It was very common for Onondaga to play Syracuse University, Colgate University and Army in the early 1900’s with the outcome favoring the native teams.
Then in 1932, the Olympics wanted to showcase lacrosse in the upcoming games in Los Angeles. The Onondaga Nation team was very polished and was undefeated in the area. A playoff was established and it a match between the Onondagas and a team from Johns Hopkins to play each other to represent the games at the Olympics. Johns Hopkins prevailed but both teams respected each others play.
Unfortunately, with the success of the Onondaga team and other native teams against the collegiate teams, the USA Lacrosse association banned all native teams from playing “field Lacrosse” as they felt that the natives were “professional” players.
Box Lacrosse
Since the Onondagas and the rest of the Haudenosaunee couldn’t play field lacrosse, they turned their attention Northward where the Canadians were starting a new kind of lacrosse. The Canadians began playing lacrosse inside empty hockey rinks. The Onondagas and the Haudenosaunee quickly took to the physical nature of the game where intricate stick skills were fostered in “box Lacrosse.” Soon box lacrosse leagues became commonplace on the communities of the Haudenosaunee. From that point on, players became very adapt to the box game that players such as the Lyle Pierce, Stanley Pierce, and Irving Powless Sr. were inducted into the Hall of Fame for their prowess on the field.
Iroquois Nationals
Since the banning of natives from playing field lacrosse, Oren Lyons (SU alum and Faithkeeper) wanted the return to field lacrosse competition. At the time, there were 4 teams playing for a world championship, the USA, Canada, England and Australia. Oren facilitated talks with the Federation of International Lacrosse to include the Haudenosaunee, the originators of the game, to play. Oren explained that the Haudenosaunee still live on our original lands, that we still use our languages to conduct our ceremonies, that we still have a traditional government, and we have treaties with other nations stating that we are indeed a separate nation. After many many years of talks, in 1990 the Iroquois Nationals debuted as the Iroquois Nationals and traveled to Perth, Australia on Haudenosaunee passports to compete for a world championship.
Since 1990, the Nationals have competed as a separate nation, until 2010 when England hosted the World Games. The country would not accept the Haudenosaunee passport as a valid document for entry into their country. England would allow the Nationals to play if players entered their country if they carried a US or Canadian passport. The Nationals declined and didn’t play.
In 2015, the Onondaga Nation and the Nationals made history. The Onondaga Nation hosted the FIL World Indoor Box Lacrosse Championship. Making this world championship to be competed on indigenous lands for the very first time. teams from around the world came to Onondaga and had their passport stamped to begin the games, even team England.
Today
Now the Onondagas excel in both the field and box game. Oren Lyons (Syracuse University All-American goaltender) is in the USA Lacrosse Hall of Fame and the Canadian Hall Of Fame. Fellow SU player, Barry Powless, Travis Cook, Russ George, and Eli Cornelius are also in the Canadian Hall of Fame for their play as well as long time coach Louie Jacques.
Recent notable stars such as the Thompson Brothers (Jeremy, Hiana, Miles, and Lyle) all look to recent Onondaga players who excelled in the professional field and box leagues are players like Marshall Abrams (SU All-American), Gewas Schildler (Loyola All-American), and Neal Powless (Nazareth All-American) with many more great players on the horizon.
To read more about Lacrosse on the Onondaga Nation, visit the Official site of the lacrosse team, The Onondaga Red Hawks.
World Lacrosse, Iroquois Nationals Issue Statements in Wake of Call for World Games Inclusion
(Inside Lacrosse Photo: Clark Bell)
Last Saturday, Inside Lacrosse posted a contributor piece by representatives of the Iroquois Nationals that ran in the March issue of the Magazine and included news from last summer that the Iroquois Nationals were not extended an invitation to participate in the 2021 International World Games (which have since postponed to 2022 due to the Olympics being postponed to next summer).
To be held in Birmingham, Ala., the event will be first time men’s lacrosse is played in a multi-sport international competition since lacrosse’s current movement toward Olympic inclusion began. Women’s lacrosse was played at the 2017 International World Games in Poland with a modified ruleset; six teams participated in that event (the United States, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, Japan and Poland), though not the Haudenosaunee, though they’d participated in the FIL Women’s World Championships in the preceding weeks.
Spurred by the Iroquois Nationals’ Twitter account, interaction around the story increased on Wednesday afternoon, punctuated by this tweet that included a screen cap from the piece.
More information on @TWG2022 decision to NOT include Haudenosaunee athletes at the 2022 Birmingham Games#IRQtoBHM pic.twitter.com/QSU2Lf3wFy
— IROQUOIS NATIONALS LACROSSE (@IRQ_Nationals) July 22, 2020
World Lacrosse issued a statement Wednesday night, saying:
World Lacrosse fully respects the contributions and status of the Iroquois Nationals within international lacrosse. That is why the Haudenosaunee Nation, which gave the world The Creator’s Game, is recognized as a full member of World Lacrosse, and why the Iroquois Nationals have been eligible to compete in every World Championship event conducted by World Lacrosse.
For events conducted outside the auspices of World Lacrosse, such as international, multisport events, World Lacrosse does not determinate eligibility criteria. That criteria is established by the governing body of those events — and, it is not uncommon for the eligibility criteria to be different. For example, while England, Scotland and Wales all compete independently within World Lacrosse events, they typically compete as combined Team GB at international, multisport events as they will in The World Games in 2022. Unfortunately, the Iroquois Nationals, as was the case in the 2017 World Games in Poland, do not meet the current eligibility criteria as established by The World Games.
A statement from World Lacrosse: pic.twitter.com/dAraJftRdQ
— World Lacrosse (@worldlaxsport) July 23, 2020
A change.org petition of support for the Iroquois Nationals’ presence at the 2022 World Games was created and as of 5 p.m. ET on Friday, it had been signed nearly 17,000 times.
In the intervening two days, the Iroquois Nationals’ Twitter account retweeted significant voices within the sport like NLL Commissioner Nick Sakiewicz, PLL Co-Founder Paul Rabil, multiple NLL teams and San Diego Seals owner Joe Tsai.
I support the Iroquois Nationals to be in the 2022 World Games in Birmingham. I’ve studied the history and there are strong precedents for the Iroquois to be represented in competition recognized by the International Olympic Committee. https://t.co/oG5o1UOy5b
— Joe Tsai (@joetsai1999) July 24, 2020
Additionally, Thursday night, Lyle Thompson tweeted an emotional thread:
So this is the same old story, different time in history.
As native people we’ll continue to run this ever lasting track of hurdles.
it’s timeless and exhausting but must continue to fight.
The colonizers don’t want Indigenous people to be native. Want us to be Canadian/American pic.twitter.com/7dd3TVtThx
— LYLE THOMPSON (@lyle4thompson) July 24, 2020
On Friday morning, the account issued a statement from Leo Nolan, Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse Executive Director, clarifying many of the points and questions that have arisen this week about how and why the Iroquois were not and are not currently able to participate in the World Games.
A statement from the Iroquois Nationals Board#TogetherAsOne pic.twitter.com/A9HIkfEV5F
— IROQUOIS NATIONALS LACROSSE (@IRQ_Nationals) July 24, 2020
On Friday afternoon, US Lacrosse issued a statement of support for the Iroquois Nationals.
We stand in solidarity with the Iroquois Nationals, we extend our hand in offering to assist them and international governing bodies of sport to forge pathways that enable their inclusion.
FULL STATEMENT: https://t.co/W8ej9W7euk pic.twitter.com/hDom6JDy9f
— US Lacrosse (@USLacrosse) July 24, 2020
Still, may questions remain, and in the coming weeks, IL will try to answer some of those questions, as well as unearth more that aren’t currently being asked.
Milliman to Coach Iroquois Nationals at 2022 World Games
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BALTIMORE, MD – Peter Milliman, the current head men’s lacrosse coach at Johns Hopkins University, will serve as the head coach of the Iroquois Nationals Sixes Team at the World Games 2022 it was announced today by Leo Nolan, Executive Director of Iroquois program. The World Games will take place in Birmingham, Alabama from July 7-17, 2022.
The World Lacrosse Sixes is an outdoor adaptation of traditional field and box lacrosse and features teams with 12 players competing on a field that is 70-meters long by 36-meters wide. The game is played with five field players plus one goalie for each team; the games are 32-minutes long (four, eight-minute quarters) and feature a 30-second shot clock. Faceoffs occur only at the start of each quarter with goalies initiating play after goals are scored.
“Peter’s passion for the game, his innovative offense and team-building skills, along with a stated desire to learn from our player’s creative style of play made him stand out among other applicants,” said Rex Lyons, Board Member and head of the Search Committee.
Milliman recently completed his first season as the head coach at Johns Hopkins and guided the Blue Jays to the Big Ten Championship game. Prior to arriving at Homewood, he had served for three seasons as the head coach at Cornell and led the Big Red to the 2018 NCAA Quarterfinals and a three-year record of 28-10. He served as the head coach at Pfeiffer and as an assistant at both Princeton and Cornell before being named the head coach at Cornell.
“I am excited for and humbled by the opportunity to serve as the head coach of the Iroquois Nationals,” Milliman stated. “I look forward to working with some of the most uniquely talented and skilled players in the world at one of the premier international events in our sport.”
This will not be Milliman’s first time coaching at the international level as the served as the head coach of Team Russia at the 2014 FIL World Championships and was an assistant coach with Team USA at the 2019 World Indoor Championships, where he helped lead the Americans to a third-place finish.
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Definición y sinónimos de Iroquois en el diccionario ruso
PRONUNCIACIÓN DE IROQUESIS EN RUSO
QUÉ SIGNIFICA IROQUESA EN RUSO
Pulsa para ver la definición original de “Iroquois” en el diccionario ruso.
Pulsa para ver la traducción automática de la definición en español.
Los iroqueses
Iroquois
Iroquois – un grupo de tribus que viven en los Estados Unidos y Canadá. El nombre es tomado de lenguas algonquinas: “iroqu” significa “víboras reales”. La relación entre los Iroquois y las tribus vecinas de Algonquian era hostil. Nombre propio – hodonhnhsoni. Relacionarse con la raza Americanoid. En los Estados Unidos, hay aproximadamente 80,000 iroqueses, en Canadá unos 45,000. Iroquois are a group of tribes living in the USA and Canada. The name is borrowed from the Algonquian languages: “iroku” means “real vipers”. Relations between the Iroquois and neighboring Algonquian tribes were hostile. Self-name – hodinonhsoni . They belong to the Americanoid race. About 80 thousand Iroquois live in the United States, about 45 thousand in Canada.
definición de mohawks en el diccionario engo
Irochezes 1) Un grupo de pueblos indígenas que viven en el noreste de los Estados Unidos y en el sureste de Canadá.2) Representantes de esta gente. IROQUESIS pl. 1) A group of Indian peoples living in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. 2) Representatives of this people.
Pulsa para ver la definición original de “Iroquois” en el diccionario ruso.
Pulsa para ver la traducción automática de la definición en español.
PALABRAS DEL RUSO QUE RIMAN CON IROQUESIS
PALABRAS DEL RUSO RELACIONADAS CON “IROQUESE”
TRADUCCIÓN DE IROQUESE
Conoce la traducción de Iroquois a 25 idiomas con nuestro traductor multilingüe.Las traducciones de Iroquois presentadas en esta sección han sido obtenidas mediante traducción automática estadística a partir del idioma ruso.
Traductor ruso –
chino
易 洛 魁
1.325 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
español
Iroquois
570 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
inglés
Iroquois
510 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
hindi
आइरोक्युइस
380 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
árabe
الايروكوا
280 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
portugués
Iroquois
270 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
bengalí
Iroquois
260 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
francés
Iroquois
220 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
malayo
Iroquois
190 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
alemán
Iroquois
180 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
japonés
イ ロ コ イ
130 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
coreano
이러 쿼이
85 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
javanés
Iroquois
85 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
vietnamita
Iroquois
80 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
tamil
ஐரோக்வோயிஸ்
75 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
maratí
Iroquois
75 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
turco
Iroquois
70 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
italiano
iroquois
65 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
polaco
Irokezi
50 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
ucraniano
iroquois
40 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
rumano
Iroquois
30 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
griego
Iroquois
15 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
afrikáans
Iroquois
14 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
sueco
Iroquois
10 millones de hablantes
Traductor ruso –
noruego
Iroquois
5 millones de hablantes
TENDENCIAS DE USO ACTUALES DEL TÉRMINO IROQUESE
En el mapa anterior se refleja la frecuencia de uso del término “Iroquois” en los diferentes paises.
10 LIBROS DEL RUSO RELACIONADOS CON
IROQUESE
Descubre el uso de Iroquois en la siguiente selección bibliográfica. Libros relacionados con Iroquois y pequeños extractos de los mismos para contextualizar su uso en la literatura.
1
100 of history’s greatest mysteries
American researcher of Iroquois folklore H. Hale, commenting on the image of Hiawatha created by Longfellow, believes that several figures have merged in him – the legendary leader of the Iroquois League Hayonwata, Taronhayawagon,…
Igor Rezko, 2014
2
History of the studied region of the countries of North America. Canada. …
approximately 1000 years ago. High-protein beans have expanded the diet of Iroquois , reducing their dependence on grain and animal protein and contributing to the development of conditions for rapid population growth.
3
Ancient society or the study of human lines…
The Iroquois have given us an excellent example of the formation of a confederation through natural development, fostered by skillful legislation. Probably an offshoot of the Dakota tribe and …
Morgan L.G., 2014
4
Cardinal’s tomahawks
Republic Iroquois – Indiana – petitioned to be admitted to the United States as a federal subject, on equal terms with all other states.Delegation from Sashmovhodenosauni visited …
Vladimir Kontrovsky, 2014
5
Homes and Domestic Life of American Natives – Page 20
New York, prior to its occupation by by the Iroquois, appears to have formed part of the territory of the Algonquian tribes. According to Iroquois legends, they drove out its former inhabitants, gradually spreading their settlements east to…
Morgan L.G., 2013
6
Homes and Domestic Life of American Natives – Page 20
New York, before its occupation by the Iroquois , was apparently part of the territory of the Algonp Kin tribes. According to Iroquois legends, they drove out its former inhabitants, gradually spreading their settlements to the east …
L.G. Morgan, 2013
7
Robert Moss: – Page 41
The Iroquois and their forest neighbors regularly turned to dreams for advice, not only in wartime, but also on hunting and finding food. Father Paul Lejeune, who spent the winter with the Montagnier tribe in 1634, noted that these people …
Robert Moss, 2011
8
French in Canada – Page 30
This success of Iroquois was aided by the weapons they received from the Europeans.In addition, a huge number of Hurons died from epidemics of smallpox and other infectious diseases. From 1635 to 1640 three terrible in a row …
Elizaveta Arturovna Referovskaya, 1972
9
American Indians: Ethnographic Compilation – Page 70
was a significant source of income for Iroquois. . But since these transit duties, levied by furs, only partially satisfied the requests of Iroquois , they began to conquer neighboring tribes.Since 1680
Sergey Alexandrovich Tokarev, I. A Zolotarevskaya, 1955
10
War and Peace in Early Human History: War and Peace in …
us Hurons and Iroquois . Soon the fur trade became a vital necessity for Iroquois. Fur for the Indians was the only commodity for which European things could be exchanged very quickly…
Abram Isaakovich Pershits, Yuri Ivanovich Semenov, Viktor Alexandrovich Shnirelman, 1994
10 NOTICIAS EN LAS QUE SE INCLUYE EL TÉRMINO IROQUESE
Conoce de qué se habla en los medios de comunicación nacionales e internacionales y cómo se emplea el término Iroquois en el contexto de las siguientes noticias.
Subcultural Wars in an Unhealthy Society
Some, obeying the Freudian logic of “narcissism of small differences”, declare war on similar groups for the fact that those do not have enough Iroquois … “Vedomosti, Ago 15”
Omsk refinery workers banned Iroquois and tuxedos
So, the employees of the oil refinery are advised not to “duck” and give up their hairstyle – Iroquois during working hours. Tuxedos, ball gowns … “Superomsk, Abr 14”
Georgian pilots will switch to American “ Iroquois ”
The Georgian Army plans to modernize its own troops.Instead of the old Soviet Mi helicopters, the country’s forces will switch to “ Iroquois ” … “Latest world news, Feb 14”
NBA. The most extraordinary hairstyles in League history
Chris Andersen. Now Andersen in “Miami” allows himself to wear only modest Iroquois , and when he was a player of “Denver” he was very … «SPORT.RU, Nov 13»
Georgian budget could not raise Saakashvili’s helicopters
So, as he believes, it is necessary to cooperate with other countries.It would be nice to buy the upgraded “ Iroquois “. Besides, Georgian … “Izvestia, Sep 13”
A new look at lacrosse, its history and traditions
Iroquois lost the final three times to the Canadians, who also have two world titles on open fields. On the grass unconditional … “Championship.com, May 13”
The Irish with 90,010 Iroquois hit the Guinness Book of Records
Modern Iroquois are associated with representatives of punk culture.The hairstyle symbolizes the fight against stereotypes imposed by society about … “Lenta.ru, Feb 13”
Universe and Iroquois
Bobak Ferdowsi – a NASA engineer who, on the occasion of the landing of the Curiosity rover on the Red Planet, made himself a star-striped “ Iroquois ” – became … “RIA Novosti, Ago 12”
Young people are being re-educated in Indonesia: they make …
Police officers shaved off the Iroquois from punks , removed all piercings, chains, and made them swim in the lake – a traditional ceremony of police cadets.”NEWS.BCM.ru, Dic 11″
Great Catastrophe
For example, Iroquois say that many years ago a monstrous mammoth and a large horned snake attacked their fellow tribesmen without warning … “inoSMI.Ru, Abr 11”
90,000 British Press: Dosvidanya Anna – BBC News Russian Service
In British newspaper review:
A spy without money – not a spy
“Dosvidanya Anna” – this is how the Guardian says goodbye to Anna Chapman, nee Kushchenko, in Russian, albeit with an English accent.Her British citizenship, obtained by marriage to a resident of England, was revoked the day before by the United Kingdom Foreign Office.
“Department Chief Theresa May – to the great disappointment of the press – decided yesterday that her return to Britain would be contrary to the public interest,” the Guardian reports on its front page.
Next, the newspaper summarizes what happened to the 28-year-old daughter of the Russian diplomat, and at the end of the note quotes the words that her former father-in-law, a resident of the London suburb, Kevin Chapman, told the correspondent of another British newspaper, the Daily Mail.
“She is not some Mata Hari, she cannot be her, she is just an ordinary girl,” says Chapman Sr. “I am convinced that this was not live bait fishing. They loved each other so much. She was a wonderful daughter-in-law. , they were going to have children. I don’t know why they separated. If she had been sent by the KGB, one would assume that they would be better prepared for this … She was not given decent money to spend. ”
At the same time, British newspapers – some with reference to the Russian media, and some without – write that Anna Chapman and her nine accomplices all these days answer questions from people from the SVR, who are trying to find out, including using a lie detector, is there a double agent among them.
Human rights activists against the giant from Kazakhstan
The Kazakhmys copper ore company, whose shares are quoted in London and whose capitalization is estimated at 5.8 billion pounds sterling ($ 9 billion), did not notify investors about the ties of its management with official Astana, the organization claims Global Witness.
An article about this by the Independent is accompanied by a large portrait of Nursultan Nazarbayev and the signature: “The President of Kazakhstan was accused of taking bribes in exchange for the right to develop oil.”These accusations, the newspaper reminds, surfaced when the US authorities accused James Giffen, an American businessman and former adviser of Nazarbayev, of money laundering and corruption.
Global Witness is a London-based nongovernmental organization seeking to sever the link between resource exploitation, conflict, corruption and human rights abuses.
She accuses Kazakhmys of the fact that five years ago, when the giant was preparing to enter the London Stock Exchange, it did not inform potential buyers of its shares that its management is in close relations with the leadership of Kazakhstan.
“Investors, including ordinary people who are saving up for their retirement, should be aware of the risks associated with Kazakhmys, as its shares affect the [main British stock] FTSE-100 index,” the Independent quotes NGO spokesman Tom Maine “But due to inadequate British regulation, we know little about how the company’s senior managers, who are also major shareholders, are linked to President Nazarbayev.”
The management of the company, for its part, confirms that some of its leaders are quite close to Astana.In particular, the chairman of the board of directors Vladimir Kim, who was previously a member of Nazarbayev’s political council. And one of the members of the board of directors of Kazakhmys is the president’s brother Bolat Nazarbayev.
At the same time, the company points out: the Global Witness report is replete with errors, and its sources are people who want to harm the government of Kazakhstan. In response, the NGO acknowledged that one of these sources is Rakhat Aliyev, the former president’s son-in-law and former deputy foreign minister of Kazakhstan, who has been in disgrace for several years now and is a harsh critic of the Astana regime.
Nevertheless, the Independent cites the data of the financial agency Thomson Reuters, according to which, almost 39% of Kazakhmys shares belong to Vladimir Kim, and 15% – to the Ministry of Finance of Kazakhstan.
Is America preparing for a new attack on BP?
All newspapers, fearing to jinx it, express the hope that BP’s new operation will stop the oil spill from the emergency well in the Gulf of Mexico.
And the Financial Times reports on a new turn in history with this British company, which for many Americans has recently become synonymous with fiery hell.
As BP continues to try to plug the current well, the business newspaper writes on its front page, “US politicians are increasingly looking for other ways to hit the company”: this time they are demanding an investigation of BP’s interests in Libya.
Some senators believe the company could – in exchange for oil licenses – play a role in the deal to free Abdelbaset Ali Megrahi, who was convicted of a 1988 bombing of an American liner in Scottish skies.Then 270 people died, most of whom were US citizens.
Last year, the Scottish government freed Megrahi for humanitarian reasons and allowed him to return to his homeland: he was diagnosed with a fatal form of cancer. Now, however, doctors say he could live for another 10 years.
Now, Democratic Senator from New Jersey Frank Lautenberg, citing press reports that BP will soon begin drilling in the Gulf of Sidra off the Libyan coast. wonders if the company advocated the release of Megrahi in order to gain favor from the Libyan authorities?
“It is shocking to think that BP is making money by freeing a terrorist who has the blood of 189 Americans on his hands,” the FT quotes Lotenberg’s letter to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.“The families of the victims of PanAm 103 have a right to know if justice was secondary to commercial interests in this case.”
In response, a BP spokesman confirmed that the company, like others, was afraid of delays in the case. Megrahi’s release would have a negative impact on British economic interests. ”But the company did not exert any pressure on anyone, he added – and recalled that the issue of the Libyan’s release was the exclusive prerogative of the Scottish government, not even the British one.
Blair on Brown: “Mad, Bad and Dangerous”
The Times has been publishing excerpts from the memoirs of Lord Peter Mandelson for several days. Until recently, he headed the EU Trade Commission, held high positions in the British government and was one of the founders of the “New Labor”.
Evil tongues dubbed Mandelson a gray cardinal, but he himself modestly called his memoirs: “The Third Man”. The first two are Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.
In the late 1990s, Blair and Brown agreed: if they win the elections, first one will lead the country, then the other – and no one will be offended.The victory took place, but Blair remained at the head of the Labor Party and the British government for a long 10 years. And Brown all these years ran the Treasury and sulked at his comrade.
Such assumptions were made. Which have now been confirmed.
“Today’s excerpts from Peter Mandelson’s memoir, more vividly and in greater detail than ever, describe the conflict between the two most influential people in Britain for 13 years,” writes The Times.
“The third person” does not skimp on memories.When Brown finally pissed off Blair by grumbling that it was time to switch places, Blair called his once ally “insane, bad, dangerous and incorrigible”, as well as “flawed, short-sighted and suffering from paranoia about himself.”
In 2005, when Blair finally trampled on the old agreement and announced that he would go to the elections again at the head of the party, but this would be the last time, Brown demanded that the patron name a date of resignation. “It’s just some kind of mafioso,” the prime minister exclaimed at the time.“He is aggressive, cruel … No one compares to Gordon when it is necessary to proclaim high principles and act fraudulently.”
Blair again led Labor to victory in the elections, but in June 2007 he resigned. And Gordon Brown was finally able to realize his dream: he became the prime minister and leader of the party, and without any elections.
Iroquois passport is no longer a document
The football championship of the planet has not yet ended, as a new world ball game begins in Great Britain.It’s called lacrosse, and it’s played somewhere between a club and a racket.
Lacrosse was invented by the American Indians for almost a thousand years. And now they, the inventors, are not allowed out of America and are not allowed into Britain – and not just on tour, but to the championship.
The ordeal of a team of 23 lacrosse (or lacrosse?) Teams representing six Iroquois tribes is narrated by the Guardian.
The problem, the newspaper explains, is that the Iroquois do not recognize American sovereignty over themselves.And in 1977 they were allowed to use their own passports when traveling in the United States, Great Britain, Canada and some other countries. However, after September 11, 2001, Washington canceled this indulgence – and now Iroquois passports are not considered documents.
The team was supposed to leave New York on Sunday, but, as the Guardian writes, “neither the US State Department nor the British government show any signs that they are ready to retreat. Nor do the Iroquois.”
“We understand the frustration of the Iroquois team, but in order to issue visas to visitors to the United Kingdom, we must be sure that they will be allowed to return to their countries,” explains the British diplomat in Washington. does not recognize these passports as legal documents that would make such a return possible. ”
The players, however, are not going to make concessions either. One of them, Brett Protruding Tooth, stated that he would rather miss the championship than fly on an American passport.“That’s the kind of people we are,” he added. “My father put a lacrosse club in my cradle when I was a baby. And now I have a son – and I put one in his cradle too. In our culture, we all play lacrosse. childhood “.
Review prepared by Jan Leder, bbcrussian.com
Bolivia has begun training officers to fight imperialism | News from Germany about events in the world | DW
A new higher military school has been created in Bolivia, in which future officers will be trained in the fight against imperialism.The goal of the “anti-imperialist military academy” is to counter the “cultural, ideological and economic domination of empires and capitalist structures,” Bolivian President Evo Morales said on Wednesday, August 17, at the inauguration of the institution in the city of Varnes.
According to the left-oriented Morales, the most important mission of the Bolivian officers is “to defend the people, not the empire,” this term should primarily mean the United States. The creation of a new military academy, which will be required to attend all young officers, is positioned by the President of Bolivia as a counterbalance to the School ot the Americas cadet corps, created by the United States in 1946 on the Panama Canal.Many South American officers were trained there, who later played leading roles during the military dictatorships in their countries. Currently, the American Cadet School no longer exists.
General Juan Gonzalo Duran, Commander-in-Chief of the Bolivian Armed Forces, said the academy’s curriculum will include such disciplines as “decolonization, gender equality, intercultural understanding and social participation.” The Bolivian army has about 46 thousand troops. The population of the country is approximately 10 million people.Evo Morales, the first Aymara Indian president in Bolivia’s history, has been in power since 2006. In October 2014, he was re-elected as head of state for a third term.
See also:
In the footsteps of the Iroquois
The trail of the Iroquois …
Few indigenous peoples of North America have managed to leave such an imprint in European culture as the Iroquois. Their traces can be found all over the world, even if it is not immediately possible to establish direct belonging to this people.The Iroquois were “noted” in the first political movements, and in modern construction, and in pop culture.
In the footsteps of the Iroquois
The Indian myth
The Federal Exhibition Hall in Bonn seeks to dispel the Indian myths. At the mention of the Iroquois, in the imagination of many, romantic images of noble savages with pipes of peace and headdresses made of feathers arise. What did the Indian tribes really look like? The exhibition “In the Footsteps of the Iroquois” recreates them – from their origins to the present day.500 exhibits can be seen until August 4, 2013.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Brave warriors and wise diplomats
At first, the Iroquois settled in groups in separate regions. Later, a whole union was formed, which was called the “Confederation of the Iroquois” or “League”. In the 18th century, it already included six tribes: Mohoks, Onaida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora. The culture of the Iroquois is flourishing. Colonial empires feared their military strength and deeply respected the art of diplomacy.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Wampum belt as a contract
Wampum – a belt made of white and purple cylindrical beads strung on cords – symbolizes important agreements reached by partners. With a belt in two rows, according to the interpretation of modern Iroquois, in the 17th century, contracts with white-skinned people were drawn up. Just as parallel as these two belt lines, each had to go its own way – the Iroquois and Neiroquois, respecting each other.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Where the Iroquois lived
The Iroquois, unlike other Indian people – the Lakota, lived not in tipi, portable dwellings, but in longitudinal naves, moreover, in several families.On the square of the Federal Exhibition Hall in Bonn, such a nave, 20 meters long and 6 meters high, has been recreated. The “skeleton” of this structure is made of poles and covered with spruce bark.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Maker of the Earth
The longitudinal nave in Bonn is surrounded by a herbal garden in the shape of a turtle. According to the Iroquois, the beginning of life on earth is associated with the fall from heaven of a pregnant woman, who was picked up by birds and lowered from their wings onto a turtle swimming in the sea.Later, the woman gives birth to twins.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Playing lacrosse as a military exercise
During games, the Iroquois were divided into two teams. This was a symbol of the creation of the world. The games were often religious and social. A striking example is lacrosse – a team game known today in many countries of the world. The Iroquois used this game as a teaching tool to train troops and peacefully resolve conflicts between tribes. Warriors often died during such games.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Iroquois and emancipation
This Indian people is considered the inspirer of many political and cultural movements of the 20th century, whether in Great Britain or the United States. So, the principles of women’s struggle for their rights were peeped from the Iroquois. The woman had a special position in the tribe. The eldest in rank – the matron – was the manager of the nave and took care of social welfare and political order.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Contemporaries of the Iroquois
Today, “Iroquois” can be found all over the world.The Indian hairstyle found its followers in the punk subculture, and in the ranks of the American special forces, and among pop stars. However, contemporaries went even further, repainting the Iroquois in flashy colors and experimenting with hair length.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Success with beads
After defeats in wars at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Iroquois lost power and ended up on reservations. Later, they discovered a new occupation – in the tourist regions of the United States and Canada, former warriors began to commercialize traditions.Women began to sell baskets and beaded clothing. Sneakers embroidered with beaded patterns and decorated with leather laces have gained popularity.
In the footsteps of the Iroquois
Fearless builders
Men were increasingly invited to Western shows, where they displayed their clothes and martial arts. Thanks to their dexterity, the Iroquois soon discovered a new role for themselves. They were gladly invited as builders. Since the Iroquois were fearless and not afraid of heights, they were often attracted to the construction of skyscrapers in major US cities.
Following in the footsteps of the Iroquois
Contemporary art of the Iroquois
“Traces” of the Iroquois can also be traced in contemporary art. This is a painting by Carson Waterman, one of the most famous Indian tribe painters. It depicts an astronaut. He is fascinated by the game “Snow Snake”. “Reptile” made of wood covered with wax. The snake is chased along a snow gutter. The fastest wins.
Author: Ananda Grade, Victor Weitz
Lyle Thompson – Lyle Thompson
Iroquois professional lacrosse player
Lyle Thompson (born September 9, 1992) is a Iroquois professional lacrosse player for the Lacrosse Guns Club of the Lacrosse Premier League and the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League.He holds the record for most career points in Division I with 400 and second for assists in a career with 225. He shared the 2014 Tewaaraton trophy with his brother Miles, and in 2015 won the award again and received the Turnbull Award for Best Attacking University … twice.
Early life
Lyle grew up in the village of Onondaga, New York, and was one of five children of Doloris and Jerome Thompson. He started playing lacrosse from a very early age, as lacrosse has spiritual and cultural significance with Onondaga.He attended LaFayette Sophomore High School and Salmon River High School, where he was All American and scored 66 goals and 54 assists in the senior season.
College
Playing for coach Scott Marr at UAlbany, Lyle began his first season of 2012 in midfield with 22 goals and 16 assists and 32 draw face-offs. This was his last college season when he scored less than 100 points. Moving on to attack in his sophomore year, Thompson scored 113 points in 2013, 128 in 2014 and 121 in 2015.Lyle, along with his brother Miles, were the first Native American players to win the Tevaaraton Trophy; tewaaraton is the Mohawk term for the forerunner of modern lacrosse.
Major League Lacrosse
Lyle Thompson was voted Best Overall Pick in the 2015 Undergraduate Draft Opening Ceremony in Florida; his brother Miles had been drafted to Team Launch a year earlier. Lyle’s first game was played against the Ohio Machine, and he played a total of eight games per launch during the 2015 season.In his first season in the Major League lacrosse, he scored 22 goals and made 16 assists. On March 3, 2017, Lyle Thompson and his brother Jeremy Thompson were traded from the Florida launch for the Chesapeake Bayhawks. Lyle played 6 games for Bayhawks in 2018, scoring 20 goals, 1-2 points, 8 assists and 17 goals.
National Lacrosse League
On September 28, 2015, Lyle was selected first in the 2015 NLL Draft by the Georgia Swarm. Lyle played Roy with his brother Miles.In 2017, Thompson was named both League MVP and Championship MVP as Swarm won his first NBL title.
International competition
As a member of the Iroquois men’s national lacrosse team at the 2014 World Lacrosse Championship, Lyle helped the national Iroquois finish third in their best international lacrosse record.
Lyle played for the Iroquois National Indoor Lacrosse Team at the 2015 World Indoor Lacrosse Championship.The Iroquois won the silver medal, losing to Canada in the final on September 27, 2015.
Lyle played for the Iroquois again at the 2018 World Lacrosse Championships in Israel. They took 3rd place.
College Statistics
| Season | GP | gram | A | Pts | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 19 | 52 | 69 | 121 | 6.37 |
| 2014 | 18 | 51 | 77 | 128 (a) | |
| 2013 | 17 | 50 | 63 | 113 | 6.65 |
| 2012 | 16 | 22 | 16 | 38 | 2.38 |
| Totals 90,725 | 70 | 175 | 225 (b) | 400 (c) | 5.71 |
- (a) Ranked 1st NCAA Division I Single Season Points
- (b) 1st place in gears
- (c) Ranked 1st NCAA Division I Career Points
Career statistics NLL
| Lyle Thompson | Regular Season | Play-off | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Team | GP | grams | A | Pts | LBS | PIM | Points / GP | LB / GP | PIM / GP | GP | grams | A | Pts | LBS | PIM | Points / GP | LB / GP | PIM / GP |
| 2016 | Georgia Roy | 18 | 27 | 33 | 60 | 81 years | 14 | 3.33 | 4.50 | 0.78 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 6.00 | 8.00 | 0.00 |
| 2017 | Georgia Roy | 18 | 45 | 71 | 116 | 126 | 8 | 6.44 | 7.00 | 0.44 | 4 | 6 | 15 | 21 years | 20 | 0 | 5.25 | 5.00 | 0.00 |
| 2018 | Georgia Roy | 18 | 46 | 40 | 86 | 123 | 6 | 4.78 | 6.83 | 0.33 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 3.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| 2019 | Georgia Roy | 18 | 43 year | 62 | 105 | 94 | 6 | 5.83 | 5.22 | 0.33 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 0.00 |
| 2020 | Georgia Roy | 12 | 27 | 33 | 60 | 87 | 4 | 5.00 | 7.25 | 0.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 84 | 188 | 239 | 427 | 511 | 38 | 5.08 | 6.08 | 0.45 | 7 | 14 | 23 | 37 | 45 | 0 | 5.29 | 6.43 | 0.00 | ||
| Career total: | 91 | 202 | 262 | 464 | 556 | 38 | 5.10 | 6.11 | 0.42 | ||||||||||
GP – Games Played; G – Objectives; A – Assistants; Pts – Points; LB – loose balls; PIM – penalty minutes; Pts / GP – Points for played games; LB / GP – free balls for games played; PIM / GP – penalty minutes for games played.
