Lacrosse field dimensions. Lacrosse: A Comprehensive Guide to the Sport’s History, Rules, and Evolution

What is the origin of lacrosse. How did lacrosse evolve from Native American traditions to modern sport. What are the key rules and field dimensions in lacrosse. How has lacrosse spread globally and gained popularity.

The Ancient Roots of Lacrosse: From Native American Tradition to Modern Sport

Lacrosse, a sport with deep historical roots, originated among Native American tribes long before European contact. The game played a significant role in tribal culture, serving as both a recreational activity and a means of spiritual and physical preparation for warfare.

How did early Native American versions of lacrosse differ from the modern game? The original form was far more extensive and intense:

• Matches could involve up to 1,000 players per side
• Goals were often miles apart
• Games could last for several days
• Players used sticks to disable opponents before focusing on scoring

Why was lacrosse considered more than just a sport by Native Americans? Many tribes viewed the game as a sacred ceremony, preceded by complex rituals and solemn dances. This spiritual connection highlights the game’s importance in Native American culture beyond mere recreation.

The Evolution of Lacrosse: From “Little Brother of War” to Organized Sport

The transformation of lacrosse from its original form to the structured sport we know today was a gradual process influenced by European settlers and changing societal norms.

How did lacrosse get its name? French settlers in Canada observed Native Americans playing a game they called “baggataway” or “tewaraathon.” The stick used in the game reminded them of a bishop’s crozier, known as “la crosse” in French, thus giving the sport its modern name.

When did Europeans begin adopting lacrosse? Around 1840, European settlers in Canada started playing the game. The first lacrosse organization, the Olympic Club, was founded in Montreal in 1842, marking the beginning of the sport’s formalization.

Key Developments in Lacrosse’s Evolution

1. 1856: Montreal Lacrosse Club founded, initiating rule modifications
2. 1867: George Beers, “the father of lacrosse,” introduced significant changes:
   • Replaced deerskin ball with hard rubber ball
   • Limited team size to 12 players
   • Improved stick design for easier ball handling
3. 1867: Formation of the National Lacrosse Association
4. 1892: English Lacrosse Union founded
5. 1912: All-England Women’s Lacrosse Association formed

Lacrosse’s Global Expansion: From North America to the World Stage

How did lacrosse spread beyond its North American origins? The sport’s expansion was largely driven by enthusiasts and cultural exchanges:

• 1867: Lacrosse introduced to England
• Late 19th century: Spread to Ireland, Australia, and South Africa
• 1884: U.S. collegians tour Europe, promoting the sport
• Early 20th century: Oxford-Cambridge teams exchange visits with U.S. teams

Why did lacrosse gain popularity in England? The sport caught the attention of Queen Victoria, who found it “very pretty to watch” after a demonstration at Windsor Castle. This royal endorsement helped fuel interest, particularly in regions like Lancashire, Cheshire, Yorkshire, Manchester, Bristol, and London.

The Rise of Lacrosse in the United States: From Ivy League to National Phenomenon

How did lacrosse establish itself in the United States? The sport’s growth in America followed a unique path:

1. 1868: Native American team introduces lacrosse in Troy, New York
2. 1880s: Ivy League schools adopt the sport (NYU, Princeton, Yale, Harvard)
3. 1906: U.S. Intercollegiate Lacrosse League formed
4. 1920s: Introduction to Baltimore, becoming the main U.S. center for lacrosse
5. 1931: U.S. Women’s Lacrosse Association formed

What factors contributed to lacrosse’s growth in Baltimore? The sport was introduced by track-and-field athletes who had seen Canadians play on Long Island. Baltimore enthusiasts actively promoted lacrosse across all age groups, creating a strong local lacrosse culture that helped spread the sport throughout the region.

Lacrosse in Collegiate Athletics: NCAA Recognition and Championship Tournaments

How has lacrosse’s status in collegiate athletics evolved? The sport has seen significant growth and recognition:

• 1926: U.S. Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association formed, with about 120 member colleges
• 1970: NCAA takes over sponsorship of intercollegiate lacrosse competition
• 1971: First NCAA national championship tournament for men
• 1982: NCAA national championship tournament for women introduced

What is the significance of the Wingate Trophy in collegiate lacrosse? The Wingate Trophy is awarded to the college team considered the best in the country, serving as a prestigious recognition of excellence in the sport.

Lacrosse on the International Stage: Olympic Appearances and World Championships

Has lacrosse ever been an Olympic sport? Yes, lacrosse has had a presence in the Olympic Games:

• 1904 and 1908: Included as an official Olympic sport
• 1928, 1932, and 1948: Featured in exhibition matches

Why is lacrosse no longer an Olympic sport? Despite its early inclusion, lacrosse failed to attract sufficient international interest to maintain its status as an Olympic event. However, efforts continue to reintroduce the sport to the Olympic program.

How is lacrosse represented on the global stage today? While not currently an Olympic sport, lacrosse has its own international competitions:

• World Lacrosse Championships for men and women
• Regional tournaments in various parts of the world
• Growing participation in countries beyond traditional strongholds

Modern Lacrosse: Rules, Field Dimensions, and Equipment

How does modern lacrosse differ from its historical counterparts? Today’s lacrosse is a highly structured sport with standardized rules, equipment, and field dimensions:

Field Dimensions

What are the standard dimensions for a lacrosse field?

• Length: 110 yards (100.58 meters)
• Width: 60 yards (54.86 meters)
• Goals: 6 feet (1.83 meters) high and 6 feet wide
• Crease: 9-foot (2.74 meters) radius circle around each goal

Equipment

What essential equipment do lacrosse players use?

• Stick (different designs for different positions)
• Helmet (for men’s lacrosse)
• Mouthguard
• Gloves
• Shoulder pads and arm pads (for men’s lacrosse)
• Cleats

Key Rules

What are some fundamental rules in modern lacrosse?

• 10 players per team on the field (men’s lacrosse)
• 12 players per team on the field (women’s lacrosse)
• Four 15-minute quarters (men’s lacrosse)
• Two 30-minute halves (women’s lacrosse)
• Offsides rules to maintain field position
• Stick checking and body checking allowed (men’s lacrosse)
• Limited stick checking, no body checking (women’s lacrosse)

The Future of Lacrosse: Growing Popularity and Potential Olympic Return

How is lacrosse evolving in the 21st century? The sport continues to grow and adapt:

• Increasing global participation
• Development of professional leagues
• Integration of new technologies in training and equipment
• Efforts to make the sport more accessible and inclusive

Is there a possibility of lacrosse returning to the Olympic Games? While not currently on the Olympic program, there are ongoing efforts to bring lacrosse back to the Games:

• World Lacrosse (the international governing body) is working towards Olympic inclusion
• Development of a new discipline, “Sixes,” designed to fit Olympic requirements
• Increasing international participation to meet Olympic criteria

As lacrosse continues to evolve and grow, it remains a dynamic sport that honors its rich history while embracing modern innovations. From its origins as a Native American spiritual and martial practice to its current status as a globally recognized sport, lacrosse has demonstrated remarkable adaptability and enduring appeal.

The sport’s unique blend of physicality, strategy, and skill continues to attract new players and fans around the world. As lacrosse expands its reach, it faces the exciting challenge of balancing its traditional roots with the demands of modern athletic competition.

Whether on college campuses, in professional leagues, or at international tournaments, lacrosse’s future seems bright. The sport’s ongoing evolution, coupled with its rich cultural heritage, positions it well for continued growth and potentially a return to the Olympic stage.

As we look to the future of lacrosse, several questions emerge: How will the sport continue to adapt to changing athletic landscapes? What role will technology play in shaping the game’s development? And how can lacrosse maintain its unique character while appealing to a broader, global audience?

These questions and more will be answered as lacrosse writes the next chapter in its long and storied history. From the fields of Native American tribes to the potential of future Olympic arenas, lacrosse’s journey is far from over. Its continued evolution promises to bring new excitement, challenges, and opportunities for players, fans, and sports enthusiasts around the world.

Lacrosse Field Dimensions and Layout Tool for All Ages –  

Lacrosse | sport | Britannica

History

Lacrosse was played by the Six Nations of the Iroquois (in what became upper New York state and lower Ontario) long before Christopher Columbus landed in the New World. The sport was then much rougher than it is today. Among some tribes as many as a thousand players took part on each side, goals were miles apart, and a game could last as long as three days. Each player tried to disable as many opponents as possible with the stick he carried and afterward concentrate on scoring a goal. The Cherokee called their version of the game “little brother of war.” Because of the endurance required and the injuries that had to be borne with fortitude it was considered excellent training for combat. Among many tribes the game was as much a mystic ceremony as a sport and was preceded by complex rituals and a solemn dance. In some areas men and women played together, and in other areas women had their own version of the game. Indians on government reservations in the United States and Canada still field strong teams.

To the first French settlers in Canada who saw the game, called baggataway, or tewaraathon, by the Indians, the shape of the implement used to catch, carry, and throw the ball suggested a bishop’s crozier (la crosse), giving the sport its name.

Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content.
Subscribe Now

Europeans in Canada started playing the game about 1840, and the first lacrosse organization, the Olympic Club, was founded in Montreal in 1842. In playing Indian teams, white players lost so frequently they were allowed to field extra men. Members of the Montreal Lacrosse Club (founded 1856) modified the rules somewhat, and in 1867 George Beers of Montreal, called “the father of lacrosse,” made further changes that included replacing the Indian ball of deerskin stuffed with hair by a hard rubber ball, limiting the number of players on a team to 12, and improving the stick for easier catching and throwing of the ball. The 12 players were designated at that time as goal, point, cover point, first defense, second defense, third defense, centre, third attack, second attack, first attack, out home, and in home. In 1867 the National Lacrosse Association was formed, and the game was introduced to England. Captain W.B. Johnson of Montreal toured with a team of Caughnawaga Indians, appearing at Windsor Castle before Queen Victoria, who found the game “very pretty to watch.” The English took to the sport and the game achieved popularity, notably in Lancashire, Cheshire, Yorkshire, Manchester, Bristol, and London. The English Lacrosse Union was founded in 1892, and the All-England Women’s Lacrosse Association was formed in 1912. English teams exchanged visits with teams from the United States and Canada from time to time, and combined Oxford-Cambridge teams frequently exchanged visits with college or all-star teams from the United States. The game was also introduced in Ireland, Australia, and South Africa.

In the United States a team of Indians introduced lacrosse at Troy, New York, about 1868, and a few years later teams were started in that city and in New York City. In the 1880s Eastern schools including New York University, Princeton, Yale, and Harvard took up the sport. In 1884 a successful tour of Europe was made by a team of U.S. collegians, and in 1906 the U.S. Intercollegiate Lacrosse League was formed. The game received its greatest impetus, however, when it was introduced to Baltimore by some track-and-field athletes, who had seen the game played by Canadians on Long Island. The Baltimoreans actively promoted the sport, aiming at all age levels, so that Baltimore became the main U.S. centre of lacrosse. During the 1920s women field hockey players discovered lacrosse, and in 1931 the U.S. Women’s Lacrosse Association was formed.

The Intercollegiate Lacrosse League was reorganized in 1926 as the U.S. Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association, which had about 120 member colleges. In 1970 the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), with more than 500 member colleges, undertook sponsorship of intercollegiate lacrosse competition, reflecting the growth of the sport in the country outside its traditional Eastern Seaboard stronghold. NCAA national championship tournaments for men began in 1971; women’s tournaments began in 1982. The college team considered the best in the country is awarded the Wingate Trophy.

Lacrosse was included in the Olympic Games in 1904 and 1908 with teams representing Canada, the United States, and Great Britain. Teams from those countries also demonstrated the sport in exhibitions at the Games in 1928, 1932, and 1948, but it did not attract enough international interest to remain an Olympic sport. World Championships for men have been held since 1967. Women’s World Championships were held from 1969 to 1982, when they were replaced by the World Cup. A variant of lacrosse, called box lacrosse, was introduced in Canada in 1930.

Lacrosse Field Lines and Markings

A sport whose recent growth in popularity can match that of just about any other in the country, lacrosse is being played by a lot more youths at the lower levels and in high school now than ever before. Whether you are a player, a budding coach or a parent with a potential lacrosse star, it would behoove you to understand the rules and know what all those field lines and markings on a lacrosse field actually signify.

Standard Lines and Markings

What are the standard lines and markings in lacrosse?

The midfield line is where the faceoffs take place, including the one that starts each game. The four lines that outline the perimeter of the field separate the area of play from what constitutes out of bounds. A player who has his or her foot across any of these lines is considered out of bounds. Both goals have an area in front of them known as a crease, and this area is deemed off limits for the offensive players. They are not allowed into the crease, and must attempt any shots from outside this crease. Defensive players, however, are allowed to venture into the crease. Each side of a lacrosse field has two lines that you can’t cross over if you are a midfielder or an attacker until the faceoff is over and one team has secured possession.

The size of a regulation lacrosse field is 60 meters wide by 100 meters long (65.62 yards x 120. 30 yards). A woman’s lacrosse field used to have different dimensions than that of a men’s lacrosse field, but recent international changes made the field size for both genders universal. The radius of the goal crease is 3 meters, or 3.28 yards. The space behind the lacrosse goal is 13 yards. The substitution area is 13 meters, or a shade larger than 14 yards.

The midfield line divides the length of the field in half. Markings on the midfield line include perpendicular markings for the wing area, which is marked 10 yards in from the sidelines (20 yards in from the center) of the field. The “attack area” and “defensive area” are marked 35 yards from the end lines of the field. These lines designate the number of players allowed in each of these areas. A regulation lacrosse goal measures 6 feet high by 6 feet wide by 7 feet deep.

Game Play

What are the basic rules of lacrosse?

There are 10 players per side on the field at any one time in lacrosse, including the goalkeeper. The sport consists of four positions: midfield (sometimes referred to as “middies”), attack, defense and goalie. There are three attackers, three middies and three players on defense. Lacrosse games are four quarters, with length of the quarters increasing from eight to 15 minutes as the levels go up from youth to high school to college to pro to international. Teams trade ends of the field at the end of each quarter.

Lacrosse Fast-Growing Sport Coming to a Field Near You

Lacrosse has been around since even before the 16th century when Europeans settlers found Native Americans playing it, but it just recently became popular in the United States. This extremely fast-growing sport deserves a second look, as it has the potential to be a great investment for athletic facility owners and tournament planners.

History

When the Europeans first made contact with Native Americans in the late 1490s/early 1500s, lacrosse was one of the first native stickball games that they saw being played. The oldest surviving stick in U.S. possession dates from the early 19th century, and it wasn’t until later that historians got their hands on some ancient rules of the “Cherokee Ball-Play.” While Native Americans also played other stickball games such as field hockey and shinny, lacrosse stood out because of its use of its netted “scoop” part of the stick.

Observed as an almost exclusively male sport, lacrosse was played mostly in the eastern half of North America, and three variations of the sport seemed to form due to differences in stick handling and equipment used : Great Lakes, Southeastern (which involved two sticks per player) and Iroquoian. Non-natives started taking up the game around the mid 19th century when some Canadians in Montreal took interest and started an amateur club league, and eventually traveled to Europe to play exhibition games. Because of the cost of traveling overseas, it wasn’t until the 1980s, when the Iroquois Nationals were formed, that Native Americans were able to compete professionally in their own game abroad.

Lacrosse serves more than recreational purposes for Native Americans. Rooted deeply in tradition, the game is also a spiritual experience that involves ceremony and whose end result is believed to be determined by supernatural forces. Banned for being involved with an increase in violence and betting around 1900, the game came back and is still played by the Iroquois and Southeastern tribes in their traditional forms.

Lacrosse Today

2005 NCAA Women’s Lacrosse Championship – Virginia Cavaliers vs Northwestern Wildcats

Today, lacrosse is one of the world’s fastest growing sports with more than half a million players. In the U.S., by the 2014-2015 season there will be nearly 516 NCAA lacrosse teams, which is a 63% increase in one decade. These teams are no longer concentrated in the Northeast as they had been historically. From 2005-2014, the West experienced a 120% increase in the number of NCAA teams, while the Southeast experienced a 263% increase and the Midwest a 381% increase.

Besides being the fastest-growing NCAA sport, lacrosse is also the nation’s fastest-growing high school sport. From 2008-2013 there was a 34% increase in the number of boys’ programs and a 36% increase in the number of girls’ programs.

At first glimpse, lacrosse doesn’t have too much in common with another fast-growing sport, soccer. But, there is one important similarity that high schools have been taking advantage of.

The regulation field size for lacrosse is 60 yards wide by 110 yards long, and the regulation size for a soccer field is 60 yards wide by 100 yards long. Since lacrosse only requires an additional 10 yards and the majority of high schools that have soccer teams had them only before they had lacrosse teams, the field is used for both sports. In high school, football fields are typically used for all three sports since their dimensions are 53 and 1/3 yards wide by 120 yards long, and it wouldn’t be cost-effective to create new fields.

A regulation lacrosse field is 60 yards wide by 110 yards long, which is 10 yards longer than a regulation soccer field

As the number of NCAA teams continues to rise, so does the number of colleges making their soccer complexes into facilities that can also host lacrosse games. Vanderbilt University and Georgetown University both undertook renovations in the early 2000s to make their soccer fields into multi-sport fields that could also host lacrosse games. Michigan Stadium, home to the Wolverines football team at the University of Michigan, hosted its first men’s lacrosse game in March 2012 and first women’s lacrosse game in March of this year.

Many community recreation facilities are also utilizing this concept. Mitchel Athletic Complex in Uniondale, New York was built even before the new millennium as a multi-sports stadium that is meant to house soccer, lacrosse and football games, with a nine-lane track encircling it that can also host track and field events. In a Newsday article, Duke University lacrosse coach John Danowski told reporters that Mitchel’s lacrosse field is the “best public venue around.”

For facility owners, lacrosse is an extremely inexpensive sport to host. With much smaller dimensions, lacrosse goals are very different than soccer goals and are actually much cheaper. Regulation lacrosse goals can cost anywhere from $300-$600, while most regulation soccer goals cost from $600 to often over $1,000. The main additional cost to hosting lacrosse as well as soccer on a multi-sport field is the wear and tear of increased usage. Many facility owners and operators have found that offering their fields to youth leagues along with high school and/or college leagues decreases the wear and tear since younger players tend to play less aggressively. Therefore, spreading out the usage among a variety of levels of play decreases the chance that hosting lacrosse along with soccer will increase maintenance costs.

Lacrosse is the country’s hottest sport right now, and the trend in increasing numbers of high school and NCAA teams doesn’t look like it will be changing anytime soon. Now is the ideal time for sports complexes that currently house soccer and/or football fields to consider expanding or painting new lines on existing space so it can be used for lacrosse games.

By: Niki Kottmann

Lacrosse Field Dimensions

1. Home
2. Lacrosse
3. Lacrosse Field Dimensions

Field Dimensions

A lacrosse field measures 60 yards wide and 110 yards long. Men’s and women’s field lacrosse at the college and professional level all have approximately the same size field in terms of the length and width of the outer boundaries. In this section, we will cover the size and dimensions of the key zones in the field of play.

Outer Boundaries

The end lines in lacrosse are 60 yards long. They are connected at each end to the sidelines, which are 110 yards long. Together they form a rectangle that marks the outer boundaries of the field of play. When a player or the ball crosses outside the field of play, it is considered out of bounds and play stops.

Zones within the Field of Play

There are four major zones on a lacrosse field:

1. Offensive Area
2. Defensive Area
3. Wing Areas
4. Midfield Area

Offensive and Defensive Areas

The offensive and defensive areas are 40 yards wide by 35 yards long. They are enclosed by the restraining line, the end line and the wing line.

Wing Area

The wing area, also known as the alley, is located ten yards in from the sideline and run perpendicular to the center line. They are ten yards wide and extend the full length of the field.

Midfield Area

The midfield area is 40 yards long by 60 yards wide. It is enclosed by opposite restraining lines and the sidelines. It is bisected by the center line. The face-off X is located in the center of the center line, 30 yards in from each sideline.

Goal Area Dimensions

The goal area includes the goal frame and netting, the crease circle, and the goal line extended marking. The goal frame is a six feet tall by six feet wide square, and the frame is centered on the goal line.

The goal line is the vertical plane drawn from the crossbar to the ground. The goal line is 20 yards closer to the end line measured from the restraining line. The goal line is 15 yards away from the endline, creating an area within play behind the goal. The goal netting attached to the goal frame is staked into the ground at a point, seven feet behind the center of the goal line, forming a three-dimensional triangular shape.

The crease circle encloses the goal area, and it has a 9-foot radius.

Goal line extended (GLE) refers to an imaginary line in line with the goal line that runs parallel to the end line and extends out to the sidelines by 20 yards on each side.

Sideline Area Dimensions

The sideline area includes the penalty box, which doubles as the substitution area. The penalty box is 20 yards long by six yards wide, bisected by the center line. It is located in between the sideline and the timekeeper’s table.

The coaches and team areas for each team are located adjacent to each end of the penalty box. The coaches area in lacrosse is a section of the field on one side of the center line designated for the coaches and coordinators to coach from the sideline. Official rules state that the coaches area in field lacrosse shall be 15-20 yards in length. The team bench in lacrosse is the area where the substitutes and injured players remain during the game. It is located behind the coaches area away from the sideline. The back of the coaches and team areas are soft boundaries and do not have an official depth.

Rookie Road may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site.
Copyright ©2017-2021 Rookie Road Inc. All rights reserved.

About Field Lacrosse | Surrey Lacrosse Association

Field Lacrosse:  The Winter Sport Alternative

More and more athletes are discovering a reason to pick up a sticks in the winter.

Field lacrosse is the fastest growing game in North America at every level. The appeal? It’s a neat composite of other
sports, it’s fast, it’s easy to learn, and it’s cool! As parents discover that field lacrosse is more exciting than soccer,
cheaper than ice hockey and not as dangerous as football, the game is getting a closer look.

The Field

Field lacrosse is played on a rectangular playing field, 110 yards long by 60 yards wide, as shown on the diagram
(click on the thumbnail to enlarge).  The goals are set forward from the end lines, so play can be switched behind the goals to draw
defenders out of position.  Players are not allowed to go within the opposition’s crease, marked by a large circle
surrounding each goal.  The goal nets are 6 feet square in size.

The Team

There are 10 players on the field at a time for each team: a goalkeeper (or goalie), three defenders (or
big-sticks as they carry longer sticks than other players), three midfielders (or middies) and three attackers (or attacks).

Goalies and defenders try to stop the opposition from scoring, the attackers supply the offence, and midfielders are
expected to do a bit of both, generally bringing the ball forward in transition or running back to play defence. 
Attackers are expected to have the best stick skills on the team whereas midfielders are often among the fastest players. 
Defenders must be quick, but also strong enough to hold their ground.  The goalie wears surprisingly little protection
considering how fast the ball can be thrown.  A lacrosse goalie needs to be agile, highly reactive and able to run, so
dressing up like a box lacrosse goalie is not practical.

The Game

A game is run over four quarters of 20 minutes each. Teams swap ends after each quarter.

The game begins with a face-off at midfield. After the defenders and the attackers have moved inside the
boxes at either end of the field and the midfielders are on their wings, the two center midfielders line up in the middle
with their sticks horizontal on the ground.   At the whistle, the two try to flip their sticks down on top of the ball
to gain control, and will usually flip the ball out to a teammate.  Once one team has possession, all other players may
release and move freely on their halves of the field.

At any time, both teams must have at least four players on their defensive half of the field (normally the
three long-stick defenders and the goalie) and three on the offensive half (the three attackers).

In the event that a player, such as a defender carrying the ball, intends to step over the midfield line,
another is required to stay back in place of that player prior to the crossing.  Violation of this rule is called
offside.  Most goalies have the desire at some point during the game to go crazy and leg it up the field with the
ball.  This is allowed and they occasionally actually score a goal.

On defence, when the other team has the ball, players are permitted to body check from the front with their
hands together they cannot cross-check an opponent.   Players may also use short, controlled chops and pokes of their
stick to the opponents stick and hands to try and dislodge the ball.

Defenders can also use their stick (usually five feet long for more reach) to strike, or ‘check’ the ball
carrier’s stick in an attempt to release the ball.  They can also check the gloved hand while it is on the stick, to
either jostle the ball or force the attacker to take that hand off the stick, reducing their ability to shoot or pass
quickly.

Attackers can ‘shield’ their stick with a stationary arm to protect it from the defender’s checks.  Play does not
stop, unless the ball rolls off the field of play, a goal is scored or a penalty is called.

Position Descriptions and Field Diagram – CreaseRoll

For the first time parent, a girls’ lacrosse game can be a pretty strange sight with players lined up on both ends of the field, unlike soccer, and unusual markings near the goal, resembling a basketball court. The field is similar in size to a soccer field and includes a center circle like soccer. Twelve players, including the goal keeper, take the field for each team. A typical player arrangement includes four defensive players, four offensive players, and three midfield players. While lacrosse is a fairly fluid game, each player, or set of players, has a basic role.

This downloadable diagram includes a general explanation of each position and field markings with dimensions and descriptions. Girls Lacrosse Positions and Field Diagram.

The marked areas in front of each goal are called the “arc” and “fan” and often synonymously referred to as the “8” and the “12”. This downloadable diagram illustrates the 8 meter arc and the 12 meter fan and includes dimensions to line a field. **The rule book is metric so this one in yards is helpful for field maintenance people. Arc and Fan with Dimensions.

Key Areas on the Field

Critical Scoring Area – An area that includes the 8 meter arc and 12 meter fan and extends behind the goal to the end line.  While not specifically lined out, in this area penalty administration is different than in other parts of the field.  In other words, the same foul is penalized differently when committed in the critical scoring area, than the middle of the field.

Goal Circle – The circle around the goal with a radius of 2.6 meters (8 feet 6 inches). No player’s stick or body may “break” the cylinder of the goal circle.

12 Meter Fan – A semi-circle in front of the goal used for the administration of minor fouls.

8 Meter Arc – A quarter-circular (pie shaped) area in front of the goal used for the administration of major fouls. A defender may not remain in this area for more than three seconds unless she is within a stick’s length of her opponent.  For more detail see the post on the three seconds rule.

Restraining Line – There are two restraining lines; one on each scoring end, thirty yards up from the goal line. Only seven players can be attacking to score between the goal and the restraining line; thus four players and the goal keeper need to remain at least thirty yards out (on their defensive two thirds).

Positions

Goal Keeper – Protect the goal, have a lot of confidence and thick skin.

Low Defense – Typically charged with marking the opposition’s better scorers.  They need to be quick on the slide and protect the goal keeper.

High Defense – The first line of defense responsible for picking up attacking wings in transition, killing fast breaks, and also the opposite role of transitioning the ball back to her attacking teammates.  This is a tough fast player.

Wings (Right and Left Midfield) – These girls pretty much play the whole field and need to be complete players skill-wise both offensively and defensively and are critical in transitioning the ball from defense to attack , but most importantly need endurance and speed.

Center – Another midfielder with the same role as the wings, but this player has a special skill – taking the draw.  Draw control is important and a big factor in getting scoring chances.

High Attack – The high attackers are also responsible for transitioning the ball from defense to attack, typically receiving the ball from the midfield wings and setting up the attack.

Low Attack – The primary responsibility of a low attacker is to score. They work all around the goal cutting to receive a pass for a shot or cutting to make room for another player. Good stick skills and good shooting technique are essential.

Like this:

Like Loading…

Related

Turfgrass Science, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri

Football

* Total square footage does not include any area not in play.

Soccer

Field Hockey

Lacrosse

Rugby

Field Type	Endzone Length	Field Length	Width	Total Area
Standard	32. 81-72.18 ft	328.08 ft max	226.38 t max	106,950.96 sq ft

Russian translations, synonyms, antonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, transcription, meaning, collocations

They need a model to demonstrate the new Buick LaCrosse at the Fairview Mall.	Need a model to showcase the new Buick LaCross at Fairview Mall.
You could have thrown in a few boys from the lacrosse team, And it would have been the constance mother-Daughter luncheon all over again.	Could bring in a couple more boys from the lacrosse team and that would be a repetition of breakfast at Constance.
Okay, today’s lacrosse sticks are a composite of … aluminum and titanium, and the head is made out of nylon and leather mesh.	Thus, modern lacrosse sticks are made of an alloy of aluminum and titanium, and the net part is made of nylon and leather.
Dumped by the co-captain of the lacrosse team.	Abandoned by co-captain of the lacrosse team.
I guess I could use my co-captain status to get the lacrosse team here.	I think I could use my co-captain status and call the lacrosse team.
Loves horses, hates poseurs, and will only date cute boys with blonde hair and great abs who are at least 6 feet tall and play either lacrosse or water polo.	Loves horses, hates poseurs and only dates cute boys with blond hair and muscular muscles who are at least 6 feet tall and also play lacrosse or water polo.
I was talking about you joining the lacrosse team.	I was talking about you joining the lacrosse team.
We got soccer meatballs, lacrosse stick hot dogs … and pigskin pizza pockets.	We have soccer balls, lacrosse hot dogs … and soccer ball pizza envelopes.
How familiar are you with the game I just invented called unicycle lacrosse?	How familiar are you with the game I just came up with and called unicycle lacrosse?
Haven’t had this many big strapping men at my bedside. .. since that night with the varsity lacrosse team.	Never have so many big strong men beside my bed since that night with the varsity lacrosse team.
The girl I loved in high school was with the co-captain of the varsity lacrosse team, and I wanted to take her from him.	I fell in love at school with a girl who was dating the captain of the school team … in lacrosse, and I wanted to take her away from him.
You’re the first brother at west beverly to play varsity lacrosse As long as anyone can remember.	You’re the first bro in West Beverly to play lacrosse in all the time I can remember.
Someone to make sure you don’t freak and try to saw off that prized lacrosse arm.	Someone to make sure you don’t go crazy and try to saw off your precious Lacrosse hand.
Do you send them to private school? Because then you got sweater vests and lacrosse coming at you all day.	At a private school they spend all day in a jersey playing lacrosse.
Not to mention intramural lacrosse!	Not to mention peerless lacrosse
They’re all at the intramural lacrosse finals.	They’re all at the lacrosse finals.
Just enjoying my first exhilarating lacrosse experience.	Just enjoying my first cheerleader experience at Lacrosse.
I’ll always remember lacrosse champions.	I’ll never forget the lacrosse championship.
The Quran strictly forbids baseball, lacrosse, of course, and board games with hungry hippos.	The Koran strictly prohibits baseball, lacrosse, of course, and board games with hungry hippos.
I’m gonna be bigger than Mac Davis, and Mac Davis can totally suck it! And you can all suck it, because I am gonna play professional lacrosse.	And let Mac Davis choke.because I’m going to play lacrosse professionally.
People always think that football players lacrosse, soccer are those that are injured, but ballet dancers are injured every day and must continue working.	People think that only footballers and lacrosse players get injured. In ballet, dancers receive them every day, and despite this they continue to dance.
She had been made captain of the hockey and lacrosse teams, and was at the head of her class scholasticaily.	She was elected captain of the hockey team, became interested in field hockey, and in addition, the headmistress appointed her head of the class.
So I get you sitting outside of my house like that lacrosse player my freshman year of college.	And you are sitting near my house. Like that freshman lacrosse player in college.
He put the- he put the lacrosse stick on the door.	He hung … He hung a lacrosse club on the door.
I mean, business is okay, and lacrosse is awesome, but . .. what am I gonna be, a professional lacrosse player?	I think business is good and lacrosse is great, but … who am I going to become, a professional lacrosse player?
Okay, Cayla is the captain of the field hockey, basketball and lacrosse team.	Kayla is the captain of the field hockey, basketball and lacrosse teams.
She plays lacrosse and takes cello lessons.	She plays lacrosse and takes cello lessons.
Forget lacrosse. Your kid needs boxing lessons.	Forget lacrosse, your son needs boxing lessons.
The guy is a player lacrosse uni.	The guy plays lacrosse at the university.
His first pair of lacrosse cleats.	His first pair of lacrosse clamps.
Just my stupid Lacrosse trophy.	My stupid lacrosse cup.
Half the lacrosse team was gay. You must have known that, right?	Yes, half of the players on our sports team were blue, you knew.
Viscount James Earl Tennis Racquet, and Duke of Lacrosse Team.	Viscount James Earl Tennis Racket and Prince of the Lacrosse Team.
Gymnastics, women’s lacrosse, went to University of Alberta on a sports scholarship.	Was engaged in gymnastics, women’s lacrosse, entered the University of Alberta, receiving a sports scholarship.
That’s why you play lacrosse.	That’s why you play lacrosse.
And Miranda coaches the women’s lacrosse team at Ole Miss.	A Miranda is the coach of the university women’s cross country team.
It is also commonly used in shafts for lacrosse sticks, such as the STX saber, and camping knife and fork sets.	It is also widely used in shafts for lacrosse golf clubs such as the STX saber, and camping knife and fork sets.
Lacrosse cleats are characterized by having a high support for the ankle, and appear most similar to American Football cleats.	The lacrosse boot features a high ankle support and looks the most similar to the American football boot.
Lacrosse cleats contain a typical, standard toe cleat in the front and beneath the toes, for gaining traction off the toe.	The Lacrosse boot contains the typical, standard toe of the boot and under the toes to get traction from the toe.
Lars Tiffany is an American lacrosse coach.	Lars Tiffany is an American lacrosse coach.
He is the current head coach of the Virginia Cavaliers men’s lacrosse program at the University of Virginia.	He is currently the head coach of the Virginia Cavaliers men’s lacrosse program at the University of Virginia.
Tiffany has brought one of the all-time great lacrosse programs back to national prominence and won the 2019 NCAA Championship with the Cavaliers.	Tiffany brought one of the greatest lacrosse programs in the country’s history and won the 2019 NCAA Championship with the Cavaliers.
Born in LaFayette, New York, Tiffany attended LaFayette High School, where he played football, basketball, as well as lacrosse.	Born in Lafayette, New York, Tiffany attended Lafayette High School where he played football, basketball, and lacrosse.
In 1986, he enrolled at Brown University, where he played lacrosse and served as captain for two years.	In 1986 he entered Brown University where he played lacrosse and served as captain for two years.
Tiffany was the head lacrosse coach from 2007-2016.	Tiffany was the head coach of lacrosse from 2007 to 2016.
Tiffany became the 17th head coach of the Virginia men’s lacrosse program on June 21, 2016.	On June 21, 2016, Tiffany became the 17th head coach of the Virginia men’s lacrosse team.
It was funded with $ 10,000 given by citizens including New York City alderman Herbert Parsons and former lacrosse star Elgin Gould.	It was funded by $ 10,000 from citizens including New York City alderman Herbert Parsons and former lacrosse star Elgin Gould.
Tall, muscular, and broad-shouldered, Hughes excelled at sports, being especially talented at lacrosse.	Tall, muscular and broad-shouldered, Hughes excelled in sports, especially lacrosse.
Lacrosse sticks are also made with scandium.	Lacrosse sticks are also made from scandium.
Harvard was the first Ivy League school to win an NCAA Championship in a women’s sport when its women’s lacrosse team won in 1990.	Harvard was the first Ivy League school to win the NCAA Women’s Sports Championship when its women’s team won won lacrosse in 1990.
Similarly, the men’s lacrosse program enjoyed a period of dominance 1992–2001, during which time it won six national championships.	Likewise, the men’s lacrosse program had a dominance period of 1992-2001, during which it won six national championships.
The biography of the Edmonton Rush Lacrosse Club’s yeti mascot, Slush, describes a history where the two characters grew up together in the Cascade Mountains.	The biography of the Yeti mascot of the Edmonton Rush lacrosse club, Slush, describes a story in which two characters grew up together in the Cascade Mountains.
The men’s lacrosse team has won eight national championships and appeared in the NCAA tournament sixteen times.	The men’s lacrosse team has won eight national championships and entered the NCAA tournament sixteen times.
Hidden ball tricks can be used in rugby and lacrosse.	Hidden ball tricks can be used in rugby and lacrosse.
The Minnesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League played at the Xcel Energy Center until the team moved to Georgia in 2015.	The Minnesota National Lacrosse League Swarm played at Xcel Energy Center until the team moved to Georgia in 2015 …
In lacrosse, a zone defense is not as often as the normal man defense.	In lacrosse, zonal protection is not as common as normal men’s protection.
While mainly interested in rugby as a youth, he became interested in lacrosse and ice hockey and eventually started the Toronto Lacrosse Hockey League.	In his youth, he was mainly interested in rugby, but then became interested in lacrosse and ice hockey and eventually founded the Toronto Hockey League.
Many Canadians took interest in the game and in 1856 William George Beers codified the aboriginal game into modern lacrosse.	Many Canadians became interested in the game, and in 1856 William George Beers codified the Aboriginal game into modern lacrosse.
In addition, Loyola University won its first men’s NCAA lacrosse championship in 2012.	In addition, Loyola University won its first men’s NCAA lacrosse championship in 2012.
Finally in April 1994, Bill C – 212 was passed to recognize hockey as Canada’s official winter game, and lacrosse as its summer game.	Finally, in April 1994, Bill C-212 was passed, which recognized ice hockey as Canada’s official winter game and lacrosse as its summer game.
Other results

definition and synonyms of lacrosse in the English dictionary

LACROSSE – definition and synonyms of lacrosse in the English dictionary

Educalingo uses cookies to personalize ads and get statistics on the use of web traffic. We also share website usage information with our social network, advertising and analytics partners.

ETHYMOLOGY OF LACROSSE

Canadian French: the hooked stick, crosier. Etymology is the science of the origin of words and the change in their construction and meaning.

PRONUNCIATION OF LACROSSE

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF LACROSSE

noun

adjective

definition word

WHAT IS LACROSSE

MEANING

Click to see the original definition of of “lacrosse” in the English dictionary. Click to to view the automatic translation of definitions in Russian.

Lacrosse

Lacrosse

Lacrosse is a team sport of Indian descent played using a small rubber ball and a long handle called a stick or lacrosse. This is a contact sport that requires supplements, except for the female version.The head of the lacrosse stick is endowed with a loose mesh designed to grip and hold the lacrosse ball. It’s a shame, the goal of the game is to score by shooting the ball at the opponent’s target, using lacrosse to catch, carry and pass the ball to get it done. The defensive goal is to keep the opposing team from scoring and win the ball through stick and body contact or positioning. The sport has four main types: men’s lacrosse, women’s lacrosse, boxed lacrosse and intercross. Lacrosse is a team sport of Native American origin played using a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse or lacrosse stick. It is a contact sport which requires padding, except in the women’s version. The head of the lacrosse stick is strung with loose mesh designed to catch and hold the lacrosse ball. Offensively, the objective of the game is to score by shooting the ball into an opponent’s goal, using the lacrosse stick to catch, carry, and pass the ball to do so.Defensively, the objective is to keep the opposing team from scoring and to gain the ball through the use of stick checking and body contact or positioning. The sport has four major types: men’s field lacrosse, women’s lacrosse, box lacrosse and intercrosse.

Definition of lacrosse in the English dictionary

The definition of lacrosse in the dictionary is a ball game invented by Native Americans, now played by two teams trying to propel the ball into each other’s target using long-handed hook sticks that are loosely strung onto a kind of mesh pouch.

The definition of lacrosse in the dictionary is a ball game invented by Native Americans, now played by two teams who try to propel a ball into each other’s goal by means of long-handled hooked sticks that are loosely strung with a kind of netted pouch.

Click to see the original definition of of “lacrosse” in the English dictionary.

Click to to view the automatic translation of definitions in Russian.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH LACROSSE

Synonyms and antonyms of lacrosse in the English dictionary

Translation of “lacrosse” into 25 languages ​​

TRANSLATION OF LACROSSE

Find out the translation of lacrosse to 25 languages ​​ with our English multilingual translator. The translations of the word lacrosse from English into other languages ​​presented in this section were carried out using automatic translation, in which the main element of the translation is the word “lacrosse” in English.

Translator from English to

Chinese

君 越

1,325 million speakers

Translator from English to

Spanish

lacrosse

570 million speakers

English

lacrosse

510 million speakers

Translator from english to

hindi language

लैक्रोस

380 Million Speakers

Translator from English to

Arabic

لاكروس

280 million speakers

Translator from English to

Russian

lacrosse

278 million speakers

Translator from English to

Portuguese

lacrosse

270 million speakers

Translator from English to

Bengali

ল্যাক্রোসি

260 million speakers

Translator from English to

French

lacrosse

220 million speakers

Translator from English to

Malay

Lacrosse

190 million speakers

Translator from English to

German

lacrosse

180 million speakers

Translator from English to

Japanese

ラ ク ロ ス

130 million speakers

Translator from English to

Korean

라크로스

85 million speakers

Translator from English to

Javanese

Lacrosse

85 million speakers

Translator from English to

Vietnamese

lối đánh quần ở bắc my

80 million speakers

Translator from English to

Tamil

லக்ரோஸ்

75 million speakers

Translator from English to

Marathi language

लॅक्रोस

75 million speakers

Translator from English to

Turkish

hokey benzeri top oyunu

70 million speakers

Translator from English to

Italian

lacrosse

65 million speakers

Translator from English to

Polish

lacrosse

50 million speakers

Translator from English to

Ukrainian

lacrosse

40 million speakers

Translator from English to

Romanian

lacrosse

30 million speakers

Translator from English to

Greek

λακρός

15 million speakers

Translator from English to

Afrikaans Language

lacrosse

14 million speakers

Translator from English to

Swedish

lacrosse

10 million speakers

Translator from English to

Norwegian

lacrosse

5 million speakers

Trends of use of lacrosse

TRENDS IN USE OF THE TERM “LACROSSE”

FREQUENCY

The word is used very often

The map above shows the frequency of use of the term “lacrosse” in different countries.Major search trends and examples of use of lacrosse

A list of the major searches that users have entered to access our online English dictionary and the most commonly used expressions with the word “lacrosse”.

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM “LACROSSE” OVER TIME

The graph shows the annual change in the frequency of use of the word “lacrosse” over the past 500 years.The plotting is based on an analysis of how often the term “lacrosse” appears in digitized print sources in English from 1500 to the present.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about the word lacrosse

QUOTES WITH LACROSSE

Famous quotes and sentences with the word lacrosse .

I grew up playing field hockey and lacrosse – prep school sport – and I was terrible at them.

I don’t consider lacrosse a sport. To me that’s just a frat activity that got out of hand.

I knew at a young age, whether I was playing baseball or hockey or lacrosse , that my teammates were counting on me, whether it be to strike the last batter out in a baseball game or score a big goal in a hockey game …

You can play professional lacrosse , but they make less than a teacher’s salary now. I always thought about that. And it’s a very difficult career, a short career, as a pro athlete.

I played lacrosse for a hot second, but I was mainly a swimmer – captain of my swim team.

I played street hockey in Riverside Park when I was a kid.I played goalie. I didn’t make the hockey team in college, so I played lacrosse instead. I didn’t play hockey again for 20 to 25 years, and then my son became interested in the game. I decided to pick it up again. A friend let me play backup on his team.

You know you have a gambling problem when it’s 4 A.M. at the Mirage Sports Book and you’re walking around going, ‘Hey you get the lacrosse scores?’

I think the greatest all-around athlete ever was Jim Brown.He played lacrosse , basketball and ran track at Syracuse. He played professional football for the Browns.

I went to an all-girls private school, where we played field hockey and lacrosse .

I grew up with lacrosse in my life because my dad played lacrosse all throughout college, so I grew up with the gear in my house – like the sticks, the helmet.

BOOKS IN ENGLISH RELATED TO

“LACROSSE”

Discover the use of lacrosse in the following bibliographical selection. Books related to the word lacrosse and short excerpts from these books to get an idea of ​​the context of the word’s use in the English literature.

1

Lacrosse : A Guide for Parents and Players

Whether your child is 8 or 18, experienced or just starting, this book is the complete guide to all that lacrosse has to offer.Empower yourself with practical answers and unique ideas, whether you are new to lacrosse or once were a player.

Noah Fink, Melissa Gaskill, 2006

2

Lacrosse : Technique and Tradition, The Second Edition of the …

Like the Bob Scott book on which it builds, this edition will soon become familiar to every serious student of the sport.

David G.Pietramala, Neil A. Grauer, 2008

3

Lacrosse : A History of the Game

“This book will long serve as the standard history of lacrosse.” – Journal of American History “An important contribution to our understanding of how sport emerged as a professional, commercial spectacle in modern North America.” – …

4

American Indian Lacrosse : Little Brother of War

Here Thomas Vennum brings this world to life.

5

Lacrosse : Technique and Tradition

The director of athletics at Johns Hopkins University traces the history of lacrosse and offers detailed explanations of the sport’s techniques and strategies, presenting line drawings and action photographs to illustrate aspects of play

Bob Scott, Robert Scott, 1978

6

Lacrosse : Rules, Tips, Strategy, and Safety

Offers an introduction to the history, techniques, equipment, and rules of lacrosse, the oldest sport in North America.

7

Coaching Youth Lacrosse

Coaching Youth Lacrosse is an excellent introduction to youth coaching and teaching young lacrosse players valuable skills.

American Sport Education Program, 2003

Best Sport Ever: Lacrosse takes readers from the beginnings of lacrosse to present day with a focus on the legends, the amazing stories, and the unique characteristics that makes the sport great.

9

Lacrosse : Fundamentals for Winning

Focuses on rules and playing techniques with illustrations and text to explain specific skills

10

Lacrosse Legends of the First Americans

Thomas Vennum brings together thirteen Native American legends from five lacrosse playing tribes – the Cherokee, Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), Seneca, Ojibwe, and Menominee – to provide a glimpse into Native American life and the role “the…

NEWS WITH THE TERM “LACROSSE”

This shows how the national and international press uses the term lacrosse in the context of the news articles below.

Two-league lacrosse star John Grant Jr. staying in Denver area…

One of the top lacrosse players in the world, John Grant Jr.of the Colorado Mammoth and Denver Outlaws, makes the transition towards … “The Denver Post, Jul 15”

Stillwater lacrosse tournament raises sport’s profile – StarTribune.com

Photo courtesy of John Diana Sam Houle, center, of the Stillwater Lacrosse Club, found an open lane against three opponents. Houle will be a … “Minneapolis Star Tribune, Jul 15”

Lacrosse camp to offer lessons for newcomers | Community Sports…

The Summer Lacrosse Experience will kick off Tuesday, a chance for kids from first grade through high school to be introduced to the sport.Bowling Green Daily News Jul 15

Playing Lacrosse at UVa a ‘Dream’ for Nora Bowen – NBC29 WVIR …

Woodgrove head girls lacrosse coach Bob Fuller says, “Nora’s work ethic is absolutely incredible. She’s got great hand-eye coordination and …” NBC 29 News, Jul 15 “

More honors for Niskayuna lacrosse players – Your Niskayuna

Niskayuna boys’ lacrosse’s Aidan O’Brien makes a move around a West Genesee defender during the Class A state championship in Vestal on… “Your Niskayuna, Jul 15”

Springfield Cougars Lacrosse Club honors Kyle Sweeney with…

The Springfield Cougars Lacrosse Club (SCLC) has begun a new tradition. In 2014, Greg Campbell became the first recipient of what has now … “Delco News Network, Jul 15”

Northlands will try to net new lacrosse team as the Rush appear …

EDMONTON – With the Edmonton Rush lacrosse team’s all-but-done run out of Edmonton to Saskatoon, Northlands CEO and president Tim… “Edmonton Journal, Jul 15”

Staten Island Spartans lacrosse travel team making lots of noise…

What happens when you try to form a boys’ travel lacrosse team out of a bunch of successful high school players from six different schools? “SILive.com, Jul 15”

Benji LaCrosse reaches century mark in IMCA modified wins

When Benji LaCrosse crossed the finish line to win his 100th career IMCA modified feature at Seymour Speedway on Sunday, he joined an… “Green Bay Press Gazette, Jul 15”

60 for ’16: Agnes Irwin (Pa.) Girls lacrosse defender Sarah Platt …

What we’ve seen: Platt was named to the American Family Insurance ALL-USA Girls Lacrosse First Team after intercepting five passes and … “USA TODAY High School Sports, Jul 15”

REFERENCES

“EDUCALINGO. Lacrosse [online]. Available . Apr 2021 “.

Wycombe Abbey School – studying a foreign language abroad with the International Education Club

Training programs

Wycombe Abbey’s mission is to provide its students with the fullest possible education and open up the maximum opportunities for further university admission and career choices.The educational process takes place in several stages.

First stage

The first stage (UIII-LIV) – for girls aged 11-12 years. The curriculum includes a wide range of different subjects, including foreign languages: French, Spanish and, of course, English.

Second stage

In the next stage (UIV), at the age of 13-14, students continue to study a large number of disciplines, to which a number of additional subjects are added.Latin is a compulsory subject for study. Many also study Classical Greek; lessons of German and Chinese are presented “from scratch”. In addition, it is in the UIV class that girls begin to determine the subjects that they would like to study in the future, in the GCSE program.

GCSE

At the age of 14-15, children study in LV-UV classes in a two-year GCSE program, culminating in exams. Six subjects – English, English Literature, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics – are required.In addition to them, it is necessary to choose 4-5 more subjects from a rather extensive list, which includes art, design and technology, geography, history, mathematics, religious studies, music, natural sciences. One of the chosen subjects must necessarily be a modern foreign language (for example, French, German or Russian). Students also attend physical education and health education (PSHE) classes as in previous years.

A-level

The final stage of the training is the two-year LVI-UVI program dedicated to the examination course A-levels.The main goal of this course is an in-depth study of the disciplines necessary for further admission to the university. Girls choose 5 subjects out of 24 offered, including: English and English literature, ancient languages ​​and cultures (Latin, Greek), economics, geography, state and politics, higher mathematics, Russian, religious studies, music, biology, chemistry, psychology and even such discipline as “Development of critical thinking through reading and writing” (“Critical thinking”).In addition to this, all girls attend physical education lessons, and in the last year of study they can take additional lessons in Chinese or Italian. They also hone their computer skills in accordance with the ECDL (European Computer Driving License) program.

Career guidance program

At Wycombe Abbey, an important part of the educational process is a career guidance program that helps students choose the university that would best suit their abilities and future career plans.Under this program, girls can also do internships, for example, at a publishing house, radio station, museum, research laboratory or veterinary clinic.

Admission procedure

You can start school at the age of 11 or 13. The enrollment procedure must begin as early as possible, at least 18 months before the planned start date of the studies. Enrollment is made on the basis of an interview (you must visit the school in person), characteristics and report cards from a Russian school, as well as entrance exams.Girls planning to start at age 11 take exams in English, math, and one science subject. If you plan to start studying at the age of 13, the list of exams is expanded: English, mathematics, natural sciences, history, geography, religious studies, a second foreign language (optional: French, German, Spanish, Chinese).

You can also enroll in the A-levels program. The procedure, as in the above cases, should be started in advance; school attendance, personal interviews and entrance exams are required.

Program Cost Level:

Book

Attention! Your choice: Wycombe Abbey School

Are we booking?

Offside (SI) »Base of books

========== Part 1 ==========

A small white ball, thrown up, returned to a strong man’s palm, her for a couple of seconds and, slipping into the short-cut green grass, froze, waiting for the beginning of a new quarter.He did not have to lie alone for a long time – almost immediately next to him, two sticks [1] dropped parallel to each other, smearing dust-covered nets on the ground. The hot air grew even hotter from the almost physical exertion that filled it. In the silence, the heavy breathless breathing of several people was clearly heard, accompanying the surf rustle of the pulse beating in the ears.

Hibiki Leytis, this time in the role of point guard (the coach today shuffled them like cards, swapping them almost after every goal – a sure sign of his bad mood), unclenched his fist and hastily wiggled his spread fingers, as far as the glove that held down movement allowed : his limbs, already not shining with strength, trembling from fatigue and the outrageous heat (and you can’t say that it’s almost the end of September in the yard, as if the summer is not going to end), already with difficulty held the smooth handle of the stick.I had to squeeze the metal tube harder, which caused my hands to convulse after a short time. Why would he even get into this lacrosse? I would have sat quietly on information technology, poked silently at the keys and did not “shine”, as Mr. Strauss likes to say. But no! He thrust himself into the very heat, immediately becoming the object of ridicule by his more physically developed comrades. He wanted, you see, to prove his masculinity, otherwise some personalities began to actively doubt her. Determination was enough for exactly one training session, after which the only desire was ingloriously to fly out of the team.Well, it’s not his, really! Just try now to convince the trainer of this – you can’t tear it off with your teeth like a tick. “We will make a real man out of you!” – he said pathetically. It is difficult to say what Mr. Strauss meant by these words – either to turn him, Hibiki, into a half-living something emanating from the training miasma, or to completely finish off by running around the field, but the result was still on the face. Rather, on the body – the muscles at the very least, but they started to play, and “some individuals” even liked it.So in his personal ointment there was a small, but rather sweet spoon of honey.

The wait was unbearable. Swallowing dryly (they walked down his throat like sandpaper, scratching hopelessly hoarse ligaments), Hibiki, wanting, while there is an opportunity, to find out who became his involuntary opponent (for shamefully oversleeping this moment, trying to put his breath in order after the race before the last quarter – the coach sent they gave him a ball after he flew into the sky: “Come on, Leitis, you’re a man, go for a run.You will wake up at the same time. In the meantime, I’ll think about where to put you “), raised his head and involuntarily shuddered. The grille of the helmet half hid the face, but now it did not really matter – only a blind person could not recognize those gray-green eyes burning with a predatory shine. Oh shit! Mr. Strauss definitely wants to get rid of him! And in the most sophisticated way – by pairing with the contender for the title of team captain Natsu Dragneel. He’s a real killing machine! And this is not an exaggeration – Dragneel has always played as if the stake was not a few points, but at least his own life.Only low grades for studies prevented him from getting the coveted place earlier – the coach was always very strict in this regard. Although, perhaps, in the new school year (by the way, the last one for Natsu, who should already think about graduation with all the problems and buns attached to it) Dragneel will nevertheless take up his mind and take the desired position with honor. But he, Hibiki, will never know about it. Because he just won’t live to see the end of this damn game!

Natsu’s thin lips twitched, slowly creeping into a wide, contented smile that revealed upper, prominent fangs.

“Don’t be afraid, don’t eat,” he whispered hoarsely.

Hibiki hunted. And at that moment, a whistle sounded unexpectedly loudly over the ear, switching to deafening ultrasound.

He hesitated for just a second, but that was enough for Dragneel to take possession of the ball. Now it was not possible to return a piece of rubber filled with air – Natsu would rather break his arms and legs than give up the ball. All that remained was to watch him and enjoy what he saw.

Whatever you say, Dragneel played masterfully.Hibiki was even jealous – quite a bit, without any pretense of rivalry. Excitement, passion, overflowing energy, unbridled delight in case of victory and genuine sorrow in case of defeat – Natsu could not and did not want to restrain himself, completely surrendering to what was happening on the field, while generously sharing his feelings with the team. So if the coach decides to make Dragneel the captain, they will only win – no one better than Natsu could start the team and give her a symbolic kick in the ass. Mr. Strauss himself with his eternal “You guys! Get together! ” stayed far behind, as soon as the informal leader, illuminating his face with a fanged smile, asked: “Well, what, guys? Let’s light it up? I’m already on fire! “Natsu even dyed his hair pink – the color of their T-shirts, in such a simple way to maintain morale. Still, he, Hibiki, didn’t scare him so much, and he wouldn’t have a price.

Meanwhile, Dragneel, with the stubbornness of a rhinoceros, poured onto the gate. One of the defenders tried to stop him, intending to push him in the shoulder, but Natsu managed to turn, and he, flying past, crashed to the ground. The second was waiting for an even less enviable fate – when he met him, Dragneel simply sat down, and the poor fellow, stumbling over an unexpected obstacle in front of him, flew head over heels to the ground.The third defender was lucky – he managed, grabbing Natsu by the belt, and fall with him. However, this did not save the team from a goal: the ball thrown already in the process of falling, having flown most of the distance between the goal and a small pile, hit the ground and slyly dived into the lower left corner.

– Again … – they stretched out behind their back in disappointment. – Does he ever miss ?!

No one answered this clearly rhetorical question – the coach was already whistling and waving his arms with might and main, placing the players in new positions.They played the rest of the quarter without incident, and only at the very end a fight almost broke out between the guys. The instigator of the conflict was Sting Eucliffe, the current captain of the team. He did not possess Dragneel’s charisma, although he did have his supporters. Assertive, moderately vain, Sting made good competition for Natsu, and a fairly high GPA significantly increased his chances of staying in office. This state of affairs did not suit both, forcing them to find fault with each other on any occasion, exchanging caustic mockery and caustic comments, which rarely, however, turn into something more serious.Apparently, today was just such a time.

– You stepped over the line! – voiced his claims to the rival Eucliffe. – This goal does not count!

– Hey, blondie, open your eyes! – Natsu responded no less indignantly, waving his stick. – Where am I, and where is the line? It’s time for you to see the optometrist.

– You are the first to go to him! – Sting, who hated the nickname firmly stuck to him since elementary school, given for the blond hair that grew over his shoulders, which made him look like a girl, immediately rushed into the attack.

There were no people who wanted to get involved in the brewing fight, except for two – Cheney Rogue and Gray Fullbuster, bosom friends who decided to sort out the relationship of the couple. Natsu only resisted for show, allowing Gray to drag him away almost unhindered. Sting was pushing harder. He wanted not only to pile on Dragneel for this out-of-place thrice-cursed nickname, mentioned three times, but also to take out the insult for the defeat on him – he greatly bypassed him today in the number of goals scored. It was difficult to find a more stupid reason for a fight, but Eucliffe, heated up by the game, thought about it least of all.

Finally, the angry coach sent them to wind circles around the field. Hibiki looked sideways towards Natsu with undisguised envy: he personally was barely dragging his feet, dreaming only that the training would end faster, and he ran as if he had a second wind, managing not just to rearrange his legs, but to do it with unprecedented enthusiasm without closing his mouth for a second, loud screams encouraging the others. And where does the strength come from ?! Almost everyone became the object of his attention, but Eucliffe got the most attention.Sting endured the bullying in silence (the very first attempt to snap back almost ended in a shameful fall, thanks to Cheney running next to him, he supported his friend by the elbow), but it was clear from his angry sparkling eyes that he would win back at the first opportunity.

“The Worm Doth Turn” – Loving Wives

Posted On 23.05.2019

Previous author’s notes:

This is another cheating wife. She found out.

Her husband is taking appropriate action.

And my usual caveats. Is it long? It takes a long time. I like to talk. You might find something that is a little political or religious. No offense; they are there for the pleasure and amusement of the reader.

Carvohi

We hope you enjoy …

*****

“And so … the worm … It rotates.”

I would never have believed it. What they’re saying? It couldn’t have happened … I had to … think about Occam’s denouement … the sucker was born there … oh yes, the buddy that was me.Well, it happened, and when it happened, it was like what the dead black panther Eldridge Cleaver said one day that day, “Somewhere in the universe, the mechanism switched.”

The name is Steve Cornish. I guess I’m just an ordinary guy. In fact, I’m probably the most ordinary guy I’ve ever met; only thirty-four, five nine and a half, one hundred and eighty pounds, brown hair, brown eyes, M.E. in elementary education, only a fifth grade teacher in one of the best schools in the neighboring county.How’s that for a typically bland resume?

Oh yes, I was married to a beautiful five foot three, blue eyed blonde paralegal named Myra. We had two wonderful boys; Michael was nine and Jeremy was eight.

I met Myra in high school in college. Does any of this sound familiar? She was in her twenties, working as the legal secretary for a large law firm in the city center. We met at a dance club; she was with the girls’ apiary, I was hanging out with my school friends.I asked her to dance, and everything is good that has gone from there.

The month of June, right after I graduated, we tied the knot. I already had a job; the same place as now. Her mom and dad put on a big spread; church wedding, five brides, girl with a flower, ring bearer, reception with an open bar at the country club. We spent our honeymoon in Las Vegas; never seen a casino, barely had time to eat.

For the next eleven years, we did everything right; if two boys had a small apartment rented, she was saved and bought this first house, everyone knows what I mean by the old “shared ownership”.We gathered and were saved. She stayed at home until the boys were old enough for school, then she went back to work, at first only between the morning bus until noon when the bus dropped them. I babysit at night while she took classes that earned her paralegal status. I did a little more in spring lacrosse coaching in high school and I worked for a construction company hammering nails in the summer. By the end of the winter of our eleventh year, sixth in the share, we were ready to trade.

We tracked down and found our “dream home” in one of these new bedroom communities about thirty miles away. It made my move a little more, but it put us right in the middle of one of the best places to raise kids.

~~ v ~~

It was slow at first, but as we planned new behavior, Myra’s behavior changed. Until the early stages of the turn, we always looked at things as a team; we will discuss things and come to a solution that usually involves some level of compromise.But Myra’s attitude shifted; she started to become the “boss”. She said she is more determined. I felt she was more tyrannical and maybe a little insecure, if not disrespectful. But I loved her, so I let her ride.
The house we found was on two acres on the edge of a developed development. I preferred a house at the end of one of the dead ends, but Myra was firm, she wanted more. She was planning a pool in the near future.

As I said, Myra really took responsibility.We needed all the new furniture, so this meant the trips to Frobisher were the best shopping in the area. I need a lawn mower; she ordered one of these brand new John Deere tractors without any advice. I’d be happy with the Cub Cadet used, but Myra wouldn’t have it; she checked Consumer Reports and I think the best home and gardens. She decided John Deere was the way to go. The property had a barn; it wasn’t much, carpenters were hired, and a newer shed soon sat down in the original’s place.I thought things like sheds and lawn tractors were human things? Well, what do I know?

~~ v ~~

Myra was worried about the boys; especially with regard to issues of its availability. If there was a problem, she rightfully felt that she needed to get home or school quickly. Back before we lived close to their school. Now everything was different.

Myra couldn’t stay with her old employer and feel safe. She looked through the papers and found a law firm in the county headquarters that was advertising a paralegal.She applied and took up the position almost entirely. This gave her just fifteen minutes from her job and less than five miles from the nursery school.

I wasn’t sure, but I thought there might be a problem or two when she gets home and tells me about her new job. She said, “Steve, I got an assignment and this is going to go up twenty percent. Plus, I’ll have a limited gas mileage and one of their secretaries will do most of my clerical work.However, there are one or two fine lines. ”

She said she wrinkles in her “new” authoritative tone. I wondered what wrinkles are. I found out pretty quickly.

Myra explained, “Honey, they are much more businesslike than my old office in the city. I will have to wear a more formal suit, so I need a new wardrobe. And yes, they are at happy hour Friday at one of the restaurants a few blocks from their office, and they are waiting for me. ”

We were both in the reconnaissance area, and I thought we went through it quite thoroughly.I asked her: “What is the name of the” restaurant “? She said it was a quiet little place called The Wagon Wheel Inn.

When she mentioned the Ferris Wheel, I think there was a little light going on; not a suspicious thing, just an alarming little light. I was at the Wheel of Carriages. I saw a “quirky” little place and it was not what I would call a “family” restaurant, even on a good day. I told her: “I saw this place, honey. I am not happy that you are going there on Friday, as if not without me, at least. “

That’s when the light got a little brighter. She gave me the first of what will soon be her new standard answer: “What do you know? Have you ever been there? Have you tried your food? Have you checked clients? My new bosses say they like it. like this, and this is part of the job, then I will like it too. ”
There was a little more here about the unfortunate tidbit I mentioned. When Mira and I met, looked after and got married, she was one person, but over the years of our marriage, there was some kind of slow, but not so slow metamorphosis.

When we met, she was this creepy, flirtatious rogue who managed to bounce from table to table, addressing this wildly funny and innocently erotic girl. She always dressed beautifully. By that I mean cute miniskirts, snow-white button-down blouses, low-heeled shoes, sometimes even with a knee. She would usually hide her hair with clasps, or sometimes fall back into one of those stunning little ponytails that flipped back and forth as she walked forward.She was light, airy, witty and just pleasant for everyone. She barely wore makeup, but for sure, I didn’t think she was needed.

Did I say she was popular? Well, she was extremely popular. As soon as I aimed at it, I had to fight with the stick. Sometimes I felt like I was standing in line. I think I asked her about eight times before she agreed to marry me.

I remember the day we got married. Her father led her down the hallway in this lovely white dress adorned with rich satin lace, long train and this veil! I say that she is just pleased to see.And when I threw back her veil; those soulful big blue eyes. I mean, the love I saw was tangible, you could cut it with a knife.

We went to Las Vegas, and yes, we left the retinue. She had a body for which other women were killed, and when she wore this white two pieces in the water, there was no doubt in anyone’s mind; it was a complete package.

Publicly during these early years she remained a stupid pouting girl with whom I married and loved, but at home alone in bed, she became a tigress.None of us were virgins when we got married, but I think I got my cherry the night we got engaged, in fact I’m almost positive. At first she was a little reserved, affectionate about sex, but it didn’t take her long to discover and appreciate all the joys of love.

Not a big girl or a particularly cheerful girl. Mira had a natural athleticism that gave herself a real joy in the bedroom. She was really an acrobat! She loved being on top, and in a second, as soon as we left, she could turn to face me face to face.

True, few men really know exactly how big they are compared to other men. Sometimes when we did this missionary, I would get so far that I could hit her cervix, but when she was on top, or when we did an outspoken dog, I went deep, I mean really deep! When she left, she was tense, warm and wet, I would move wildly, feeling her rigid canyon walls embrace me.

When we first got married, I admit that I had a terrible time with her.She was incredibly tiny and I wasted too much time just snuggling and snuggling while I used my fingers to massage her lower lips. I rub and rub; it will turn pink and swollen. I would go down on her and lick and kiss and swing her until she agreed to let me try to get in. These were the first few times that I had problems traveling. As if it didn’t hurt that much, she would make me stop. It may seem self-serving, but be human; my patience with her made me feel good.I sighed with pride when it finally happened that I was the one who persuaded my innocent wife to be feminine.
I tried to get her to suck me, but at first she said she was afraid that I pounced on her, later she pulled out “oh, it’s dirty and humiliating” for the woman, so I had to settle for the occasional handmade. It wasn’t really that bad; her hands were small, her fingers were soft and tasty, and she was a quick learner.

I know when I finally got inside and she got past those first few awkward times.She became truly meaningless, and after our two boys arrived, all fear of injury or pain vanished.

By the time little Jeremy had boobs and in his crib, my little wife had grown into complete femininity. God, how she loved her. We went back to town and I knew every night when she was especially excited. She had this little mini dress. It buttoned up in the front, went to mid-thigh, was sleeveless and hung loosely over her torso. I could never tell, at least not without hesitation or by looking under her, whether she has panties or not.

Sometimes she would fix dinner in her little mini, make the children go to bed early, and then go downstairs to the sofa. She slid next to me, hid the zipper, and we would have gone there right there. From time to time she would allow me to stick my finger in the large “O” ring of this zipper and slowly roll the dress. It was fun. When our parents, or when the company came in, she had a large quilt that she used to cover; thus the spots of sperm and pussy were hidden.

It was so great when we had company. She would sometimes sit on her fanny on the floor in front of me while we all talked. I knew she had no stitch underneath this mini. I knew and she knew, but none of our friends knew. When the latter are gone, we will close the door and do it, standing there right under the lintel. She will undo my belt, unbutton my pants, pull them and my boxers out, and put her hands to hammer me in. It was outrageous!

Why am I pondering all this? I think this is because, like everything, all good things gradually come to an end.My quirky little rosebud was supposed to be, how can I say – more controlled, more calm, I think that’s the word. Words that we once thought were funny have become, she says, tiresome.

Things have even begun to differentiate our sex lives; especially after she started a new job at a county law firm. Looking back, I can look back and see him, but at that time he just jumped.

~~ v ~~

Many things started to happen during and after our “big move”.I can look back and see how things slowly fall apart, but as I said, looking back.

I think one of the things that came into play was my insecurity. We were very humble during our marriage. The big housing collapse came and went, and we managed to evade it. We tried to raise as much cash as possible to maximize our down payment in order to keep the monthly mortgage as low as possible. Myra hasn’t found a new job yet, and her travel time, plus mine, would be an additional burden.I had a regular county pension plus the 403B we started. We agreed to close my 403B and her 401k. We’ll take hits when the time is right and close them to add a little more upfront capital.
I was still worried. We have been home hunting for several weeks and there have been a few, but she fell in love with this special one. I liked it, but the salespeople immediately wanted to make a decision. I was just to hold on for a few more months to get another home and improve the deal.The world needs this home, and she refused to wait.

Myra was spotted and I retreated. Of course, everything worked out. We had money, everything went away, she got a new job, and looking back, all my worries seemed pointless, even stupid. Unfortunately, my caution would later seem cowardice to her.

My unwillingness to jump as fast as I wanted looked like fear. Yes, I’ve lost some respect for this. Needless to say, every subsequent suggestion I made to slow down was met with condescension.I was just a teacher. She was legalistic. I worked with children all day. She worked with adults. As soon as we moved into our new home, from time to time I began to receive these little “reminders” of my shortcomings.

Another important thing that played against us, that I consider myself to be guilty, is related to my work. Fifth graders are kids, of course, but learning is more than runny noses, broken glasses, and this first menstrual drop. I had some real problems.I won’t go into details, but they were there.

For one, there was the fact that I was on a very real career. I checked control and administration tests and cleared the field. I did the course and gave interviews for different slots. The district had a population boomlet, and I was “quickly tracked” from the teacher in the classroom to the vice principal and then possibly the principal. I also made my presence at the state level, and there were opportunities to beckon.

Throughout the country, primary education was undergoing another cycle of change, with one area covering ways of teaching reading.There have always been many theories, but at that time there were two big old “look and learn” and “phonetics”. Having looked and learned that the child sees a picture, he sees this word and remembers this word. With phonics, the child learns the alphabet and sounds and learns to match the sounds with the letters. This is a gross oversimplification, but in my opinion, the first theory expects children to memorize thousands of things independently without any cohesion. In the second, the child recognizes the letters and their sounds, then he simply becomes a procedure for breaking each word into parts.In the second case, the child learns the “code”. Everyone remembers – “this sound”.

Well, around the time we shifted the watch-and-learn method, he was domineering. I preferred the phonology system and had a lot of clap for it. I’ve been on the wall several times already. I wrote my opinion and did extensive research. I became a regular member of the school boards and I made several enemies. Of course, the big thing is that I ended up in too many evening sessions.

The third occupational problem I have encountered is child abuse or, in one case, child neglect.Teachers were required to report any suspicions of abuse or neglect. Well, I had a kid who came to class day after day with no lunch, no lunch, and almost no change of clothes. I reported my concern for my supervisor and she said that I needed to watch. I trusted her support, but when I went to social services, I was on a horse. Now I was angry and I knew I was being neglected by my parents.
So I was losing respect at home trying to advance my county or state career, fighting rearguard action against lousy educational theory, and I was trying to help a child.Plus it was springtime when we moved, so I coached SP Lacrosse and I still had kids planning and teaching.

~~ v ~~

Anyway, we bought a house, she got a job, she bought her new wardrobe, we enrolled the kids in their school, and life went on.

Myra told me about her employer. It was a small office with five lawyers, six secretaries, an office assistant, and hers. Of the lawyers, three were partners, one was an older “advisor” and the last was a classic “new hardworking” recruit.I’ve heard about partners too; there was an elderly man with “big” clients, the eldest’s lazy daughter who showed up when she wanted to, and a heavy-nosed business thirty — the man who pulled out most of the ashes. I didn’t think anything about it; we drove along the same road when she was working in the city.

I will say that Myra’s new wardrobe was eye-catching. She bought new dresses and new suits. High heels, matching wallets, an expensive new wristwatch, plus a pair of new glasses; they all gave her an additional reputation for professionalism.She looked great! She did the same as she did; she was confident, and maybe a little more arrogant.

So I was busy, Myra was busy, the kids were busy; life just got faster. April, May and June flew by, and then July was upon us. Myra came home and announced that her office was always serving the fourth batch in the week after the fourth. They did it the next week so that there would be no interference with the family’s activities. I thought it was great.

School left, the boys were at day camp and I was hammering nails again.I felt good. Then we went to an office party.

The party was held in the private home of an old lawyer. The man was magnificent; A huge brown stone has receded from the main road. It had a large backyard with an underground pool, tennis court, beautiful gardens, and all the decorations one would expect from one of the really wealthy. Mira and I arrived there at about 1:00 pm. expected time. Most of the rest were either already there or had arrived.

I haven’t met many people, so it was fun. We did this many times in our old office, so I knew my role. I had to be a good, calm, polite, humble husband. I would have been, too, if I hadn’t discovered something almost immediately after I got there.

All the other lawyers, their wives and significant others were not important, only thirty pedestrians and his wife. The lawyer’s name was Wendell Standish, not Wen or Wendy or Dell; he had no nickname, he was “Wendell,” an emphasis on the second syllable.

Continue Reading

%PDF-1.4 %
119 0 obj > endobj
xref
119 74
0000000016 00000 n
0000002458 00000 n
0000002617 00000 n
0000003091 00000 n
0000003319 00000 n
0000003764 00000 n
0000004194 00000 n
0000004711 00000 n
0000005238 00000 n
0000005352 00000 n
0000005464 00000 n
0000007183 00000 n
0000007562 00000 n
0000008021 00000 n
0000008587 00000 n
0000009069 00000 n
0000009460 00000 n
0000009780 00000 n
0000010381 00000 n
0000010968 00000 n
0000011106 00000 n
0000011133 00000 n
0000011650 00000 n
0000012078 00000 n
0000012387 00000 n
0000012647 00000 n
0000013139 00000 n
0000013655 00000 n
0000017071 00000 n
0000017533 00000 n
0000017630 00000 n
0000017779 00000 n
0000018074 00000 n
0000018129 00000 n
0000018245 00000 n
0000023754 00000 n
0000023793 00000 n
0000023871 00000 n
0000023894 00000 n
0000023972 00000 n
0000024086 00000 n
0000024162 00000 n
0000024281 00000 n
0000024390 00000 n
0000024481 00000 n
0000024591 00000 n
0000024764 00000 n
0000024912 00000 n
0000025261 00000 n
0000025540 00000 n
0000025683 00000 n
0000025760 00000 n
0000025877 00000 n
0000104806 00000 n
0000108478 00000 n
0000108556 00000 n
0000134131 00000 n
0000134537 00000 n
0000134715 00000 n
0000134785 00000 n
0000134887 00000 n
0000134926 00000 n
0000135177 00000 n
0000135546 00000 n
0000135724 00000 n
0000135802 00000 n
0000137440 00000 n
0000137515 00000 n
0000149804 00000 n
0000150990 00000 n
0000151302 00000 n
0000151660 00000 n
0000002286 00000 n
0000001811 00000 n
trailer
]/Prev 219439/XRefStm 2286>>
startxref
0
%%EOF

192 0 obj >stream
hb“`f`c`g`cb@

Lacrosse Field Lines and Markings

A sport whose recent growth in popularity can match that of just about any other in the country, lacrosse is being played by a lot more youths at the lower levels and in high school now than ever before. Whether you are a player, a budding coach or a parent with a potential lacrosse star, it would behoove you to understand the rules and know what all those field lines and markings on a lacrosse field actually signify.

Standard Lines and Markings

What are the standard lines and markings in lacrosse?

The midfield line is where the faceoffs take place, including the one that starts each game. The four lines that outline the perimeter of the field separate the area of play from what constitutes out of bounds. A player who has his or her foot across any of these lines is considered out of bounds. Both goals have an area in front of them known as a crease, and this area is deemed off limits for the offensive players. They are not allowed into the crease, and must attempt any shots from outside this crease. Defensive players, however, are allowed to venture into the crease. Each side of a lacrosse field has two lines that you can’t cross over if you are a midfielder or an attacker until the faceoff is over and one team has secured possession.

The size of a regulation lacrosse field is 60 meters wide by 100 meters long (65.62 yards x 120.30 yards). A woman’s lacrosse field used to have different dimensions than that of a men’s lacrosse field, but recent international changes made the field size for both genders universal. The radius of the goal crease is 3 meters, or 3.28 yards. The space behind the lacrosse goal is 13 yards. The substitution area is 13 meters, or a shade larger than 14 yards.

The midfield line divides the length of the field in half. Markings on the midfield line include perpendicular markings for the wing area, which is marked 10 yards in from the sidelines (20 yards in from the center) of the field. The “attack area” and “defensive area” are marked 35 yards from the end lines of the field. These lines designate the number of players allowed in each of these areas. A regulation lacrosse goal measures 6 feet high by 6 feet wide by 7 feet deep.

Game Play

What are the basic rules of lacrosse?

There are 10 players per side on the field at any one time in lacrosse, including the goalkeeper. The sport consists of four positions: midfield (sometimes referred to as “middies”), attack, defense and goalie. There are three attackers, three middies and three players on defense. Lacrosse games are four quarters, with length of the quarters increasing from eight to 15 minutes as the levels go up from youth to high school to college to pro to international. Teams trade ends of the field at the end of each quarter.

Lacrosse Fast-Growing Sport Coming to a Field Near You

Lacrosse has been around since even before the 16th century when Europeans settlers found Native Americans playing it, but it just recently became popular in the United States. This extremely fast-growing sport deserves a second look, as it has the potential to be a great investment for athletic facility owners and tournament planners.

History

When the Europeans first made contact with Native Americans in the late 1490s/early 1500s, lacrosse was one of the first native stickball games that they saw being played. The oldest surviving stick in U.S. possession dates from the early 19th century, and it wasn’t until later that historians got their hands on some ancient rules of the “Cherokee Ball-Play.” While Native Americans also played other stickball games such as field hockey and shinny, lacrosse stood out because of its use of its netted “scoop” part of the stick.

Observed as an almost exclusively male sport, lacrosse was played mostly in the eastern half of North America, and three variations of the sport seemed to form due to differences in stick handling and equipment used : Great Lakes, Southeastern (which involved two sticks per player) and Iroquoian. Non-natives started taking up the game around the mid 19th century when some Canadians in Montreal took interest and started an amateur club league, and eventually traveled to Europe to play exhibition games. Because of the cost of traveling overseas, it wasn’t until the 1980s, when the Iroquois Nationals were formed, that Native Americans were able to compete professionally in their own game abroad.

Lacrosse serves more than recreational purposes for Native Americans. Rooted deeply in tradition, the game is also a spiritual experience that involves ceremony and whose end result is believed to be determined by supernatural forces. Banned for being involved with an increase in violence and betting around 1900, the game came back and is still played by the Iroquois and Southeastern tribes in their traditional forms.

Lacrosse Today

2005 NCAA Women’s Lacrosse Championship – Virginia Cavaliers vs Northwestern Wildcats

Today, lacrosse is one of the world’s fastest growing sports with more than half a million players. In the U.S., by the 2014-2015 season there will be nearly 516 NCAA lacrosse teams, which is a 63% increase in one decade. These teams are no longer concentrated in the Northeast as they had been historically. From 2005-2014, the West experienced a 120% increase in the number of NCAA teams, while the Southeast experienced a 263% increase and the Midwest a 381% increase.

Besides being the fastest-growing NCAA sport, lacrosse is also the nation’s fastest-growing high school sport. From 2008-2013 there was a 34% increase in the number of boys’ programs and a 36% increase in the number of girls’ programs.

At first glimpse, lacrosse doesn’t have too much in common with another fast-growing sport, soccer. But, there is one important similarity that high schools have been taking advantage of.

The regulation field size for lacrosse is 60 yards wide by 110 yards long, and the regulation size for a soccer field is 60 yards wide by 100 yards long. Since lacrosse only requires an additional 10 yards and the majority of high schools that have soccer teams had them only before they had lacrosse teams, the field is used for both sports. In high school, football fields are typically used for all three sports since their dimensions are 53 and 1/3 yards wide by 120 yards long, and it wouldn’t be cost-effective to create new fields.

A regulation lacrosse field is 60 yards wide by 110 yards long, which is 10 yards longer than a regulation soccer field

As the number of NCAA teams continues to rise, so does the number of colleges making their soccer complexes into facilities that can also host lacrosse games. Vanderbilt University and Georgetown University both undertook renovations in the early 2000s to make their soccer fields into multi-sport fields that could also host lacrosse games. Michigan Stadium, home to the Wolverines football team at the University of Michigan, hosted its first men’s lacrosse game in March 2012 and first women’s lacrosse game in March of this year.

Many community recreation facilities are also utilizing this concept. Mitchel Athletic Complex in Uniondale, New York was built even before the new millennium as a multi-sports stadium that is meant to house soccer, lacrosse and football games, with a nine-lane track encircling it that can also host track and field events. In a Newsday article, Duke University lacrosse coach John Danowski told reporters that Mitchel’s lacrosse field is the “best public venue around.”

For facility owners, lacrosse is an extremely inexpensive sport to host. With much smaller dimensions, lacrosse goals are very different than soccer goals and are actually much cheaper. Regulation lacrosse goals can cost anywhere from $300-$600, while most regulation soccer goals cost from $600 to often over $1,000. The main additional cost to hosting lacrosse as well as soccer on a multi-sport field is the wear and tear of increased usage. Many facility owners and operators have found that offering their fields to youth leagues along with high school and/or college leagues decreases the wear and tear since younger players tend to play less aggressively. Therefore, spreading out the usage among a variety of levels of play decreases the chance that hosting lacrosse along with soccer will increase maintenance costs.

Lacrosse is the country’s hottest sport right now, and the trend in increasing numbers of high school and NCAA teams doesn’t look like it will be changing anytime soon. Now is the ideal time for sports complexes that currently house soccer and/or football fields to consider expanding or painting new lines on existing space so it can be used for lacrosse games.

By: Niki Kottmann

Lacrosse 101 – Eastern Oregon University Athletics

FIELD DIMENSIONS
The length of a lacrosse field is the same as a football field at 120 yards. The width for a lacrosse field is bigger at 65 yards. On the side of where the home and visitor bench areas are, there is a table at center field where game administrators keep track of fouls, goals, and track time for penalties that are administered by officials. Directly in front of the table is the penalty area and two substitution area for both teams. Below is a diagram of the desirable field dimensions for women’s lacrosse.
 

WOMEN’S LACROSSE POSITIONS
The Attack: There are four attackers, all who look to score. Attackers must continually cut toward the goal for a shot or cut away from the goal to make room for another player. All should have excellent stick work and be able to shoot well from every angle and distance from the goal.
The Midfield: The midfielders are responsible for transitioning the ball from defense to attack and vice versa. They should have speed and endurance and be ready to receive the ball from the defense and run or pass the ball. There are three midfielders, one of which is the Center. The center’s responsibility is to control the draw and play both defense and attack. Midfielders play on both the offensive and defensive ends and have to ability to score.
The Defense: There are four defenders that mark the opposing attackers. They should be able to stick check, body check and look to intercept passes. Also, they should be able to receive clears, run fast and have good footwork.
The Goalie: The goalie’s responsibility is to protect the goal. She should have good stick work, courage and confidence.
 
WOMEN’S LACROSSE EQUIPMENT
Field Stick: The field stick must be made of the following basic materials: composite, metal alloy (shaft only), rubber, wood, gut, leather, fiberglass, nylon, plastic and any other synthetic material. The stick shall not have sharp or protruding edges and shall not be dangerous to players in any way.
Goalie Stick: The goalkeeper stick must be made of the following basic materials: composite, metal alloy (shaft only), rubber, wood, gut, leather, fiberglass, nylon, plastic and any other synthetic material. The stick shall not have sharp or protruding parts or edges and shall not be dangerous to players in any way.
Ball: The ball must be yellow and made of solid rubber. The ball must be 7¾ to 8 inches in circumference and weigh 5 to 5.25 ounces.
Mouthpiece: All players must wear mouth guards.
Eye Protection: All field players must wear eye protection properly.
Protective Equipment: Close-fitting gloves, nose guards, and soft head gear are optional, and may be worn by all players.
Goalie Equipment: must wear a helmet with face mask, a separate throat protector, padded gloves, a mouthpiece and a chest protector.
 
WOMEN’S LACROSSE RULES
Women’s lacrosse is a non-contact game played by 12 players: a goalie, four attackers, three midfielders and four defenders. The object of the game is to shoot the ball into the opponent’s goal. The team scoring the most goals wins.
 
Women’s lacrosse begins with a draw, which is taken by the center position. The ball is placed between two horizontally held sticks at the center of the field. At the sound of the whistle, the ball is flung into the air as the sticks are pulled up and away. A draw is used to start each half and after each goal, and it takes place at the center of the field.
 
The collegiate game is 60 minutes long, each half being 30 minutes. The high school girls game is 50 minutes long, each half being 25 minutes. In both collegiate and high school play, teams are allowed one timeout per half. Halftime length is set for 10 minutes.
 
There are visual guidelines on the side of the field that are in place to provide a consistent indicator to the officials of what is considered the playing field. The minimum dimensions for a field is 120 yards by 70 yards. Additional markings on the field include a restraining line located 30 yards from each goal line, which creates an area where only a maximum of seven offensive players and eight defensive players (including the goalkeeper) are allowed; a 12-meter fan, which officials use to position players after fouls; and an arc in front of each goal, considered the critical scoring area, where defenders must be at least within a stick’s-length of their attacker. The boundaries are determined by the natural restrictions of the field. An area of 120 yards by 70 yards is desirable.
 
When a whistle blows, all players stop play. When a ball is ruled out of play, the player closest to the ball gets possession when play is resumed. Loss of possession may occur if a player deliberately runs or throws the ball out of play. Rough checks and contact to the body with the stick or body, are not allowed.
 
Field players may pass, catch or run with the ball in their stick. A player may gain possession of the ball by dislodging it from an opponent’s stick with a check. A check is a controlled tap with a stick on an opponent’s stick to knock the ball free. The player must be one step in front of her opponent in order to check while in the midfield. During transitions, no player may reach across an opponent’s body to check the handle of a stick when she is even with or behind that opponent. A player may not protect the ball in her stick by cradling so close to her body or face to make a legal, safe check impossible for the opponent.
 
All legal checks must be directed away from a 7-inch sphere or “bubble” around the head of the player. No player can touch the ball with her hands except the goalkeeper when she is within the goal circle. A change of possession may occur if a player gains a distinct advantage by playing the ball off her body.
 
Fouls are categorized as major or minor, and the penalty for fouls is a “free position.” For major fouls, the offending player is placed four meters behind the player taking the free position. For a minor foul, the offending player is placed four meters off, in the direction from which she approached her opponent before committing the foul, and play is resumed. When a minor foul is committed in the critical scoring area, the player with the ball has an indirect free position, in which case the player must pass first.
 
A slow whistle occurs when the offense has entered the critical scoring area and the defense has committed a major foul. A flag is thrown but no whistle is sounded so that the offense has an opportunity to score a goal. A whistle is blown when a goal is scored, or the scoring opportunity is over. An immediate whistle is blown when a major foul, obstruction or shooting space occurs, which jeopardizes the safety of a player.
 
MAJOR FOULS
Blocking: When contact is initiated by a defender who has moved into the path of an opponent with the ball without giving that player a chance to stop or change direction.
Charging: When a player charges, barges, shoulders or backs into an opponent, or pushes with the hand or body.
Dangerous Shot: When a player propels the ball toward the goal without control, or in the direction of a field player or the goalkeeper.
Misconduct: When a player conducts herself in a rough, dangerous or unsportsmanlike manner, persistently causes infringement of the rules, or deliberately endangers the safety of opposing players.
Slashing: When a defender swings her stick at an opponent’s stick or body with deliberate viciousness or recklessness, whether or not the opponent’s stick or body is struck.
Three Seconds: A defender may not stand within the eight-meter arc, unless she is closely marking an opponent, for more than three seconds.
Obstruction of Free Space: When a defender is not closely marking her opponent and is in the free space to goal of the attack player with the ball. The attack player must have the opportunity and be looking to shoot.
 
MINOR FOULS
Goal Circle Fouls: When any part of an offensive or defensive player’s body or stick, except that of the goalkeeper or deputy, enters the goal circle.
Warding Off: When a player guards a ground ball with her stick or foot, removes one hand from the stick and uses her free arm to ward off an opponent, or checks an opponent’s empty stick while she is trying to get possession of the ball.
Empty Stick Check: A player may not check an opponent’s cross unless the ball is in the opponent’s cross.
Body Ball: A ball that hits a field player’s body to her distinct advantage.
 
LACROSSE SKILLS
Cradling: Moving the stick from side to side causing the ball to remain in the upper part of the pocket webbing.
Checking: Using a controlled tap with a stick on an opponent’s stick to dislodge the ball.
Catching: The act of receiving a passed ball with the stick.
Cutting: A movement by a player without the ball in anticipation of a pass.
Dodging: The act of suddenly shifting direction in order to avoid an opponent.
Passing: The act of throwing the ball to a teammate with the stick.
Pick-Ups: The act of scooping a loose ball with a stick (also known as groundball pick-up).
Shooting: The act of throwing the ball at the goal with the stick to score.
 
LACROSSE TERMS
Clear: Any action taken by a player within the goal circle to pass or carry the ball out of the goal circle.
Critical Scoring Area: An area 15 meters in front of and to each side of the goal and nine meters behind the goal. An eight-meter arc and 12-meter fan are marked in the area.
Stick: The equipment used to throw, catch, check and carry the ball.
Stick Checking: Stick to stick contact consisting of a series of controlled taps in an attempt to dislodge the ball from the stick.
Deputy: A player who enters the goal circle when the goalie is out of the goal circle and her team is in possession of the ball.
Draw: A technique to start a game or resume play after each goal by which a ball is placed in between the sticks of two standing players and drawn up and away.
Eight-Meter Arc: A semi-circular area in front of the goal used for the administration of major fouls. A defender may not remain in this area for more than three seconds unless she is within a stick’s length of her opponent.
Free Position: An opportunity awarded to the offense when a major or minor foul is committed by the defense. All players must move four meters away from the player with the ball. When the whistle sounds to resume play, the player may run, pass or shoot the ball.
Free Space to Goal: A cone-shaped path extending from each side of the goal circle to the attack player with the ball. A defense player may not, for safety reasons, stand alone in this area without closely marking an opponent.
Goal Circle: The circle around the goal with a radius of 2.6 meters (8.5 feet). Only a defender’s stick or body of the same team as the goalie may “break” the cylinder of the goal circle.
Grounded: Refers to any part of the goalkeeper’s or deputy’s body touching the ground for support outside of the goal circle when she attempts to play the ball from inside the goal circle.
Indirect Free Position: An opportunity awarded to the offense when a minor foul is committed by the defense inside the 12-meter fan. When the whistle sounds to resume play, the player may run or pass, but may not shoot until a defender or one of her teammates has played the ball.
Marking: Being within a stick’s length of an opponent.
Penalty Lane: The path to the goal that is cleared when a free position is awarded to the attacking team.
Scoring Play: A continuous effort by the attacking team to move the ball toward the goal and to complete a shot on goal.
Sphere: An imaginary area, approximately 18 cm (seven inches) which surrounds a player’s head. No stick checks toward the head can break the sphere.
12-Meter Fan: A semi-circle in front of the goal used for the administration of minor fouls.
Warning Cards: A yellow card presented by an umpire to a player is a warning which indicates that she will next receive a red card and be suspended from further participation if she continues to play dangerously and/or conduct herself in an unsportsmanlike manner. A green card is presented by an umpire to the team captain indicating a team caution for delay of game.

Official Rules – 3x lacrosse

Rule 1: The Game, Field and Equipment

Section 1 The Game:

3x® (three-by) is a “gentleman’s game” played by two teams of 3 players each, in your backyard, or on a pitch covered by grass, synthetic turf, smooth wood, smooth concrete, smooth asphalt, sand, or any other suitable surface agreeable to by each team participating.  The game is played with a tennis ball that players can pass, throw, or bat into the goal with a crosse.

Section 2 The Field:

A 3x pitch consists of a 3x® Lacrosse goal and a Checkpoint approximately 33-feet directly in front of the goal measured from goal line extended.  There should be space behind the goal before an obstruction hinders playing from behind the goal (approximately eight feet or more is ideal).  There are no set outer field dimensions for 3x.  The game can easily be played in a small tight space such as a racquetball court or on a large open space such as a meadow, or any size pitch in between. The only real restriction on pitch size shall be that participating teams agree it is suitable.

NOTE:  3x is played similar to half-court basketball.  On a change of possession, the new offensive team must “clear” (carry or pass) the ball to the Checkpoint directly in front of the goal.

NOTE:  If a Checkpoint is not specifically discussed and affirmatively agreed upon prior to the start of a game, and no prior course of dealing between the competing teams has established an approximation where the Checkpoint should be, then a default Checkpoint measured 33-feet (or at any obstruction that is closer than 33-feet) directly in front of the goal shall be the location to which the teams must clear the ball.

NOTE:  If games are being played right next to one another–in a gym for instance–then the participants or a coach may want to set out-of-bounds boundaries to keep players from running into other games.

SITUATION:  During play the ball goes into an adjacent 3x game and (a) a player on Team A runs into the adjacent game and interferes with play there, or (b) a player from Team A is closest to the ball when the ball enters the pitch of the adjacent game/play but does not enter the adjoining pitch nor interfere with play there.  RULING:  In (a) the ball shall be awarded to Team B at the Checkpoint.  In (b) the ball is awarded to Team A at the Checkpoint.

Section 3 Goal:

The goal shall be an official 3x® Lacrosse goal, which forms a goal mouth that is 3 feet wide and 3 feet high (inside measurements).

Section 4 Crosse Dimensions:

All players use a short crosse as defined in the NCAA/NFHS Rule Books published by US Lacrosse, which shall be an overall fixed length of approximately 40 to 42 inches.  Circumference of the crosse and dimensions of the head are only limited in that a goalkeeper’s/oversize head of any sort may not be used, and toy/mini lacrosse sticks should not be used.

NOTE:  The point of this rule is to ensure the players are developing their stick skills and not bad habits playing with toys.

Section 5 The Ball:

The ball shall be a tennis ball or a soft lacrosse ball.

Section 6 Player Equipment:

Players are advised to wear the following equipment: Boys should wear a lacrosse helmet with a protective facemask and gloves; Girls should wear either eye protection and a mouth guard or a lacrosse helmet with a protective facemask as well as gloves.

NOTE:  These two items are mandatory for minors participating in a 3x Lacrosse Federation sanctioned event.  Younger players may be required to wear arm pads as well.  Players over the age of 18 may participate in the event without the recommended equipment at their own risk, but are strongly recommended to wear safety sport glasses and a mouth guard at the very least.

Rule 2: Game Personnel

Section 1 Number and Designation of Players:

3 players shall constitute a full team. On defense, one player may play Goalkeeper.

NOTE:  The goalkeeper may use their hand to gain possession of the ball within a reasonable distance from the goal.

NOTE:  If the goalkeeper leaves the net to backup a shot on goal and gets into a battle for a ground ball more than seven feet (7’) behind the goal, then the goalie may not use their hand to gain possession of the ball.  Violation of this rule results in a turnover of possession.

Section 2 Game Officials:

Penalties are typically “call your own foul.”  The following are situations, but not by limitation, where officials may be appropriate:

• Highly competitive contests where the participants do not know each other;
• Youth tournaments or organized play days where participants are under the age of 18; or
• Any other tournament in which the organizers deem referees to be necessary and appropriate.

NOTE:  The point of the game is to have fun, get better, compete, and win or lose fairly, as the case may be.  Being a good sport and sportsmanship are key elements to a successful 3x game and are the foundation of the game of 3x.

Rule 3: Game Duration

Section 1 Typical Game Duration:

Games are won by the first team to score 5 goals.

Section 2 Tournament Game Duration:

Games can be played first to a set score or for a set amount of time as established by the tournament officials, usually seven (7) to ten (10) minutes, if time and scheduling is of the essence.

NOTE:  If a timed game ends in a tie and a winner must be determined, then the winner is determined by a sudden victory overtime period where the next goal wins the game, or a shootout if time is of the essence.  If the game is to be determined by a shootout, then the shootout shall be conducted as follows:

• Each team shall choose a player to have a one-on-one with the goalie from the other team for each Round.
• In a Round, one player from each team gets a chance to take their shot, regardless of whether the initial shooter scores or not.
• Each shooter gets 4-seconds to shoot or the shot doesn’t count.  The time limit is measured by a player on the opposite team or an official counting to four by counting “One-thousand-one. One-thousand-two. One-thousand-three. One-thousand-four” out loud.  If the shot has not been taken by the count of “four” then the shot is disqualified and does not count.  If the shot is taken before the count of four, but the ball does not enter the goal until after the count of four, then the goal counts so long as the ball enters the goal on the impetus of the initial shot only.
• If both or neither player from each team scores, then a different player from each team is chosen to take the next one-on-one with the goalie from the other team under the same process.
• Shooters must change for each new Round of the shootout until all players from that team have had their turn. After that, the same player can go until a player from one team scores and the player from the other team does not.
• Goalies can change or remain the same from one Round to the next as the team sees fit.
• The above process continues on until a player from one team scores and the player from the opposing team does not score in that respective Round.

Rule 4: Play of Game

Section 1 Minimum Attitude Requirements and Attitude Adjustment:

Rule#1: Mandatory, without exception, hands down, for all 3x participants; one’s attitude must meet or exceed that of 3x Federation expectations prior to any game play.  Should it be determined at any time a player’s attitude needs adjusting a timeout may be called to which there are no minimum number of, or time limits for, and the player in question must adjust their attitude.   Those players not meeting minimum attitude requirements may be substituted for, asked to sit out, or expelled from game play until their attitude meets minimum requirements.  What constitutes a good attitude should be made public prior to the playing of any game, however, the attitude requirements may change throughout game play.

ART. 1 . . . Who determines attitude minimum requirements:

• Those running the 3x Tournament; or
• Majority of those players in attendance, however, those running a 3x Tournament, if it is a 3x Tournament, have final say.

ART. 2 . . . Who may call for an attitude adjustment:

• Any assigned 3x referee;
• Those running the 3x Tournament;
• The Peanut Gallery of which must comprise of a minimum of 2 individuals;
• Any team in attendance plus a minimum of 2 peanut gallery attendees;
• Any single person on the attitude offender’s team; or
• The accused, or to be accused, attitude offender.

Section 2 Selecting Teams:

In pick-up/backyard play teams are chosen by piling the six sticks together and mixing them randomly into teams of three with one’s eyes closed.

Section 3 Facing Off:

Play of the game shall be started on the count of three with a standing faceoff between two players from opposite teams.  Anyone spectating or participating in the game—other than those facing off—may make the count to three.  The other players may be positioned pretty much anywhere they like, but they cannot take body on the ensuing ground ball.

NOTE:  There is only one face off during a game.

NOTE:  After a goal is scored in typical pick-up/backyard play where there are other players waiting to play in the next game, games are played “King’s Court” or make it take it, with the team that scores retaining possession of the ball, and starting up play again at the checkpoint.

NOTE:  After a goal is scored in typical tournament and youth play, games are played “Suckers’ Serve” or losers out, with the ball changing possession to the team just scored upon and starting up play again at the checkpoint.

NOTE:  A hybrid of the King’s Court and Sucker’s Serve is the “Warrior’s Way” with a change of possession/Sucker’s Serve after each goal up until a team scores its third goal, and then switching to make it take it/King’s Court after each goal for the remainder of the game for that team.  When a game is being played Warrior’s Way, only a team that has scored at least three goals has earned the right retain possession after a goal.  One or both teams can earn King’s Court privileges in any given game.

Section 4 Pitch Boundaries:

There is no out of bounds, just like the original game the Native Americans played.

NOTE: When playing in an enclosed space (e.g. fenced in backyard, tennis court, box lacrosse court, etc.) the participating teams can decide if they want to chase the ball out of the enclosed pitch for possession if the ball leaves such playing area, or if the team that touched the ball last before it went out of bounds becomes defensive team.

SITUATION: When playing in an enclosed space (e.g. fenced in backyard, tennis court, box lacrosse court, etc.) A1 takes a shot and the ball deflects (a) off the goalkeeper (b) off the goal pipe (or touches nothing) and goes out of bounds. In (a) A1’s team retains possession.  In (b) the ball is awarded to Team B.

SITUATION: When playing in an enclosed space (e.g. fenced in backyard, tennis court, box lacrosse court, etc.) and A1 throws the ball out of bounds then the ball is awarded to Team B.  If A1 throws the ball and it is deflected off of a Team B player/stick then A1 retains possession of the ball.

NOTE: If the game is being played on a tennis court, under no circumstances can a player jump the tennis court net to go after a loose ball.  Players must have one foot on the ground at all times when crossing over the net.  The penalty for jumping the net is instant loss of ball to the other team and possible instant loss of teeth.  This rule shall remain in effect whether play is currently underway or temporarily suspended.  The offending player’s team shall surrender possession at the next restart of the game.

Section 5 Goal Scored:

ART. 1 . . . A goal is scored when a loose ball passes from the front, completely through the imaginary plane formed by the rear edges of the goal line, the goal posts and the crossbar of the goal, regardless of who supplied the impetus.

SITUATION: The goalkeeper intentionally moves the goal so that a shot or a dunk that would have entered the goal misses instead. RULING: Goal counts.

ART. 2 . . . Shots cannot be “too hard.” Determination of whether a shot is “too hard” or not should be agreed up

on between the participants in a particular game. If an agreement cannot be reached, then any player can request for an objective referee to come and officiate the game. See Rule 5~Section 1 Officiating the Game.

ART. 3 . . . An offensive player’s stick may not touch the goalkeeper while trying to score.

NOTE: If the Goalkeeper is the one that initiates contact, for example checking the shooter’s stick on a dunk or a drive then such incidental contact is allowed.

NOTE: This allowed incidental contact does not include if the Goalkeeper is directly protecting the goal mouth on a dunk but not attempting to check the shooter’s stick and the shooter’s momentum results in hitting the Goalkeeper.

ART. 4 . . . An offensive player may not “crash into” nor box the goalie out of his space. This will be goalie interference and results in no goal, if a goal was scored on the play, and a change of possession.

ART. 5 . . . An offensive player’s stick MAY NOT smash the goal frame while trying to score. Smashing it in is not allowed. This is akin to when a shot is “too hard” and the players in a particular game should make and agree upon the determination.  Dunking “too hard” is like a crease violation in regular field lacrosse and results in a change of possession, and no goal, if a goal was scored on the play.

ART. 6 . . . An offensive player may not follow through on a shot and hit a defending opponent with their stick. The only exception is if the defender is rushing in on the offensive player and the offensive player’s stick was in the space first. Both offensive and defensive players should control their sticks at all times.

NOTE: Should teams disagree on the legitimacy of a goal to a point where a decision can’t be made by the teams themselves, a ruling official, or “the peanut gallery,” then the goal will not stand and the team that shot on goal will keep and start possession from the Checkpoint.

Section 6 Body Checking:

ART. 1 . . . Body checking at any time is illegal.

ART. 2 . . . No “Bull Dodging.” A player may not force or back their way into position in front of the goal to take a shot using brute force and pushing defenders out of the way. A violation of this rule results in a turnover.

Section 7 Boxing Out:

A player may “box out” an opponent to gain favorable positioning on a loose ball, so long as the boxing out does not rise to the level of a body check.

Section 8 Checking With Crosse:

ART. 1 . . . Slap, poke and wrap checks are allowed only when the ball carrier is driving to the front of the goal to take a shot, but cannot be “too hard” and must be under control and not hit the opponent’s hands.

NOTE:  Determination of whether a check is “too hard” or not should be agreed upon between the participants in a particular game.

SITUATION:  A1 is carrying the ball (a) on the perimeter of the pitch looking to make a pass; (b) in an attempt to dodge to the front of the goal to set up positioning for a shot; and B1 checks A1’s crosse with a poke, slap, or wrap check.  RULING: In (a) the check is illegal and A1’s team retains possession of the ball.  In (b) the check is legal.

NOTE:  Situation (b) is also known as the “Driver’s Dilemma” because if they get checked on their hand while driving hard to the goal, that is not a foul and they make that decision at their own peril.  The point of this position is that 3x is a game of ball movement.  Played properly, there should be no call for stick checks, and if the situation arises, it is likely because the ball carrier forced the situation by choosing to drive.

NOTE:  The fact that a player is very fast and aggressive does not give them the right to chase ball carriers around and throw stick checks.  Stick checks are typically only allowed in the prime scoring area, which is loosely defined as directly behind the goal (for dunkers) and in a funnel shape radiating from the front of the goal to about 20 feet away from the goal.

SITUATION:  Team A is passing the ball quickly and A1 catches the ball in front of the goal and before he can take a shot B1 collapses on him and throws a stick check. RULING: This check is likely legal if A1 is standing in prime shooting position long enough for an opponent to recover and get a stick check.  Playing the fastest game in two hands will often require that shots be taken with a quick stick.  Any stick checks in this situation must be clean and not hit the shooter’s bare hand.

ART. 4 . . . Any checks must be AWAY from the ball carrier’s body and head (not toward).

ART. 3 . . . Wrap checks and cross checks are not allowed.

NOTE:  After a battle for a ground ball, the losing competitor(s) may not commence to wrap, poke, or slap check the ball carrier on the perimeter.

NOTE:  If an offensive player is dodging directly in front of the goal and backing in for a shot, a defensive player may throw a wrap check in this situation only, or may push the offensive player out of the shooting area by using a cross check.  Keep in mind that good ball movement should replace the need to dodge and dodging is strongly discouraged in 3x.

ART. 4 . . . On ground balls players are only allowed to play the ball.  NO STICK CHECKS. NO BODY CHECKS. You may box out an opponent to gain position on a ground ball.

NOTE:  The only exception to this rule is when a player lightly lifts an opponent’s stick with a quick tap so that the opponent misses the ball on a scoop through.

NOTE:  An opposing player may try to “fish” a loose ball out if an opponent is having difficulty picking up a ball, but may not throw stick checks under the guise of fishing the ball out.  Incidental stick contact is allowed.

Section 9 Goalie Privileges/Limitations:

ART. 1 . . . The goalkeeper may stop or block the ball in any manner with the crosse or body.  They may block the ball, bat the ball away, or catch the ball with their hand.

NOTE:  The goalkeeper may use their hand to gain possession of the ball within a reasonable distance from the goal.

NOTE:  If the goalkeeper leaves the net to backup a shot on goal and gets into a battle for a ground ball more than seven feet behind the goal, then the goalie may not use their hand to gain possession of the ball.  Violation of this rule results in a turnover of possession.

ART. 2 . . . The goalie may NOT kneel or sit down while in goal. The goalie may go to his knees or tush briefly when a shot is taken by an opponent.

NOTE:  If a goalie makes a save and it is determined the goalie was in violation of this rule, then possession returns to the offensive team.

ART. 3 . . . No part of the goalkeeper’s body can be over the goal line.

NOTE:  The goalkeeper can go to their knees briefly but cannot have their feet over the goal line or sit back in the goal.  Good goalie position is in front of the goal line with the goalies head not covering any part of the goal.

NOTE:  After years of controversial Tremper goaltending play this rule was made firm circa the turn of the millennium in 2000 at the 8th annual Hal Tremper Classic.

ART. 4 . . . The goalkeeper may not intentionally move the goal so that a shot or dunk that would have entered the goal misses instead. RULING: Goal counts.

Section 10 Ball Control:

A player may not hit an opponent in the head or face with a pass or a shot.

NOTE:  This rule is only applicable if a game is being played by participants who are not wearing helmets (not recommended).

NOTE:  If a goalkeeper gets hit by a shot in the face or head and is crouched down in the goal with any part of his head below the top crossbar, then this does not result in a turnover.  This is considered assumption of risk.  This is not the case if the shot is too hard.

Section 11 Clearing the Ball:

On any turnover/change of possession, the defensive team must clear the ball to the Checkpoint before becoming the offensive team.

NOTE:  If a Checkpoint is not specifically discussed and affirmatively agreed upon prior to the start of a game, and no prior course of dealing between the competing teams has established, an approximation where the checkpoint should be, then a default checkpoint measured 33-feet (or at any obstruction that is closer than 33-feet) directly in front of the goal shall be the position to which the teams must clear the ball.

NOTE:  If a change of possession occurs with the Checkpoint between the ball and the goal, then the new offensive team is deemed to have “cleared” the ball and can go straight to the goal for a scoring opportunity.

NOTE:  It is insufficient that the ball went a long way away laterally or behind the goal, the ball must still be “cleared” to the designated and agreed upon Checkpoint directly in front of the goal.

Rule 5: Fouls, Enforcement and Penalties

Section 1 Officiating the Game:

Penalties are “call your own foul,” but don’t be ticky-tack.

NOTE:  If a game participant calls a foul, then that determination shall be respected.  If there is a disagreement as to what constitutes this foul or if players on a team persist in committing fouls despite being repeatedly called for those infractions, then an objective referee should be requested to call the remainder of the game.

NOTE: A referee will be assigned by tournament officials or “the peanut gallery” as the case may be and their rulings for the remainder of the game will be final and binding.  If the single referee’s calls do not seem to be fair, then any player on either team may request for a committee of three referees to come and officiate the game.  The referee committee should be selected in as neutral a process as possible.  One possible process would be for each team to choose one referee, and then those two referees agreeing upon the selection of the third referee.  Committee decisions shall be made on a majority basis.  This committee’s rulings for the remainder of the game will be final and binding. You may also want to consider going back to kindergarten and growing up!

NOTE: If objective referee(s) is/are unavailable, then it is advised that play should be adjusted to be less aggressive and less confrontational.

NOTE:  Referees are likely to be present at tournament play.  Especially at:

• Highly competitive contests where the participants do not know each other;
• Youth tournaments play days where participants are under the age of 18; or
• Any other tournament in which the organizers deem referees to be necessary and appropriate.

NOTE:  The point of the game is to have fun, get better, compete, and win or lose fairly, as the case may be.  Being a good sport and sportsmanship are key elements to a successful 3x game and are the foundation of the game of 3x.

Section 2 ZERO TOLERANCE:

The will be ZERO TOLERANCE for fighting, threatening, or bullying anyone while playing 3x. The offender’s team will forfeit their game. Instigators shall be treated more severely. Repeat offenders shall be suspended and/or expelled from the 3x Federation.

Section 3 Penalty Enforcement:

ART. 1 . . . Most penalties result in a change of possession, disallowed goal, both or some other penalty assessment that the teams agree or the referee(s) determines is fair under the circumstances.

ART. 2 . . . Unsportsmanlike and unnecessary roughness penalties may result in a forfeit by the offending player’s team.

Section 4 Game Integrity:

All players are to uphold the integrity of the game and have respect for it and all other fellow players.

lacrosse field dimensions in feet

These are served in full by the penalized player, but his team may immediately substitute another player on the playing area unless a minor or major penalty is assessed in conjunction with the misconduct (a “two-and-ten” or “five-and-ten”). Generally the playing area is 180 feet (55 m) to 200 feet (61 m) in length and 80 feet (24 m) to 90 feet (27 m) in width. 1.2 The boundaries of the field shall be marked with white lines. Only Canada, the Iroquois Nationals and the United States have finished in the top three places at the World Indoor Lacrosse Championships. Violators were ejected from the game in which the altercation occurred and given a minimum three game suspension. [61][62], During the 2003 NLL season, goaltender Ginny Capicchioni appeared in two preseason and one regular season games to become the only woman to make an appearance in the NLL. [33] If the game is tied at the end of regulation play, a 5-minute overtime (15 in NLL) can be played. [3] In the 1930s, 6 v 6 indoor lacrosse came to be played in the summer in unused hockey rinks. [34], During play, a team consists of six players: a goaltender and five “runners”. US Lacrosse’s 2017 rules were developed with input from the FIL, CLA, NLL, and other prominent lacrosse organizations and include modifications for youth games. In 1998, the NLL entered into the Canadian market for the first time with the Ontario Raiders. [8], The first professional box lacrosse games were held in 1931. When a player or the ball crosses outside the field of play, it is considered out of bounds and play stops. [45] The NLL plays on artificial turf placed on top of the ice. Opposing players may not make contact with the goaltender while he is in the crease. What Is A Technical Foul In A Lacrosse Game? The competitors were national teams from Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, the Iroquois Nationals, Scotland, and the United States. Dasher boards are between 3’6″ and 4′ tall with safety glass on top. A typical indoor lacrosse field is 200 feet long by 85 feet wide, the same size as a hockey rink or arena soccer field. When the sport originated teams played with six runners. Virginia Beach, VA 23454. For the 1975 season, Rochester moved to Boston, Syracuse moved to Quebec City, and Toronto moved to Long Island. The FIL also publishes diagrams for alternate-sized fields and for a shared lacrosse/field hockey field. In the NLL, the dimensions are slightly larger at 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m) wide by 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. A lacrosse field measures 60 yards wide and 110 yards long. The second international box lacrosse tournament was held in 2003, with the inaugural World Indoor Lacrosse Championships. [42][44], A forward is a player position on the field whose responsibility is primarily offensive. Canadians adopted the new version of the sport quickly. The box lacrosse field is way … The midfield area is 40 yards long by 60 yards wide. The roots of indoor lacrosse are obscure, but its invention has been attributed to one Paddy Brennan, a field lacrosse player and referee from Montreal, who, being annoyed by the constant slowing of play from balls going out of bounds in the field game, experimented with indoor games at the Mount Royal Arena during the early 1920s. Rookie Road may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site. The bottom of the opening is unobstructed by … In 1932, the Mann Cup, the most prestigious lacrosse trophy in Canada,[24] was contended for under box lacrosse rules for the first time. The FIL rules, first published in 2015, are based on the National Lacrosse League rules. The playing area is called a box, in contrast to the open playing field of field lacrosse. The goal line is 15 yards away from the endline, creating an area within play behind the goal. The penalty box is 20 yards long by six yards wide, bisected by the center line. They are connected at each end to the sidelines, which are 110 yards long. [32] The league originated with four teams: the Philadelphia Wings, New Jersey Saints, Washington Wave, and Baltimore Thunder, and unlike box lacrosse generally, was played during the winter. The crease circle encloses the goal area, and it has a 9-foot radius. [6], Box lacrosse goal dimensions are traditionally 4 feet (1.2 m) wide by 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. The league played to small crowds on outdoor fields such as Yankee Stadium and Fenway Park, before closing midway through its inaugural season. [33][47], Each period, and after each goal scored, play is restarted with a face-off. [33] Besides a lacrosse stick, each player must also wear a certain amount of protective equipment, including a lacrosse helmet with face mask, lacrosse gloves, arm and shoulder pads, and back/kidney pads. Previously, the national senior men’s lacrosse championship, awarded since 1901, was competed for under field lacrosse rules. The playing surface is usually the concrete floor underneath the melted ice. Goal line extended (GLE) refers to an imaginary line in line with the goal line that runs parallel to the end line and extends out to the sidelines by 20 yards on each side. [25][26] A few years later, in 1937, the Minto Cup, began being awarded under box lacrosse rules to the junior men’s champions. There are several markings on the game field which are as follows. Unified Boy’s & Girl’s HS Lacrosse Field; Boy’s and Men’s Lacrosse Field Dimensions; Women’s Lacrosse Field Dimensions; NCAA Men’s Lacrosse Field Dimensions; NCAA Women’s Lacrosse Field Dimensions; Resources: US Lacrosse, NCAA, NFHS, International Lacrosse … [1] Lacrosse for centuries was seen as a key element of cultural identity and spiritual healing to Native Americans. An outdoor lacrosse field is 120 yards long by 65 yards wide, the same length as a regulation football field and slightly wider. Together they form a rectangle that marks the outer boundaries of the field of play. Attackman and midfielders use short sticks in order to make it easier to stick handle, pick up ground balls, and for better ball security. [14] After a lightning six-a-side (outdoor) tournament format was successfully carried out a few weeks prior,[15] it was decided to play six-a-side for this exhibition game between MCC and a composite team from other clubs, with players wearing rubber shoes and using a softer ball for the match.

Peddie School in USA | Tuition fees, admission conditions

Peddie School is an elite selective boarding school. She will turn 150 next year. It was opened in 1864 as a women’s seminary, but in the same year, boys began to be admitted here.

In 2015, Business Insider ranked the school as the 18th most expensive private school in the United States. In the same ranking, Peddie was ranked 13th in the list of the most elite boarding schools in the United States.In allocating places, the experts were guided by the amount of school capital, average SAT and selectivity.

The school has 550 students, more than half of whom live in a boarding house. These are teenagers from 29 countries of the world who are preparing to enter the best universities in the United States and other countries. The average class size is 12 people. The school offers 150 courses and 34 in-depth AP and Honors subjects. Students are required to study English, mathematics, history, languages, science and arts.You can even choose such unusual subjects as robotics, neurobiology and genetics.

The school has about twenty music clubs, courses and ensembles. Choir, symphony orchestra, a cappella groups, wind and percussion ensembles, jazz bands, string quartets – and this is not a complete list! Here, beginners will be able to join the amazing world of music, and experienced performers will hone their skills and choose a team they like.

Those who are closer to the visual arts will be able to take up painting and drawing, photography and cinema, architecture and sculpture, installations and design.There are also several dozen clubs and organizations where students arrange debates, study dynasties, comprehend culinary secrets, grow flowers, write poetry and discuss the latest scientific discoveries.

Peddie students play field hockey, soccer, soccer, tennis, baseball, golf, lacrosse, softball and basketball, cross-country, swimming, running, wrestling. For athletes, the school has a 35-meter swimming pool, a recently renovated sports center, a fitness center, 4 soccer fields, 2 football fields, 2 field hockey fields, 4 lacrosse fields, 2 baseball fields, a softball field, 10 tennis courts courts, a golf course and a rowing center on Lake Mercer.

The school is located in the center of New Jersey, near Princeton. From here you can reach New York and Philadelphia in just an hour. On the campus, old buildings coexist with modern buildings. It houses educational buildings, a new digital laboratory with engineering and robotics studios, a science center, equipped with the latest technology, an arts center, a theater and a chapel, which featured performances by Martin Luther King, Gerald Ford, Colin Powell and Henry Kissinger. Students live in residences on the school grounds.

90 000 in Ventspils played lacrosse

Last weekend, May 16 and 17 in Ventspils at the football stadium on the street. Katol, 40 hosted the away games of the Latvian Lacrosse Championship.

During the breaks, the audience had the opportunity to get acquainted with this national Canadian summer sport – to try on their shape, play with the best players in Latvia, take part in competitions, learn interesting details from the history of this sport, take pictures, etc.

Lacrooss is a team game in which two teams try to hit the opponent’s goal with a rubber ball, using their legs and a projectile, which is a cross between a club and a net. The game was invented by the American Indians, who used it to train warriors and peacefully resolve conflicts between tribes. According to archaeological research, the prototype of lacrosse was known in the territory of modern Canada as early as the beginning of the fifteenth century. Teams at that time often consisted of several hundred people, and the length of the field for the game ranged from several hundred meters to several kilometers.

European settlers got acquainted with this game in the 17th century, and by the beginning of the 19th century it began to gain popularity among the French population of Canada. The first official lacrosse match took place in Canada in 1867. Lacrosse was included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games twice – in 1904 and 1908.

The dimensions of the lacrosse court are 100×55 meters, but in Latvia they usually play on artificial football fields.

Four leading teams took part in the Latvian Lacrosse Championship Games in Ventspils, competing for the title of champion of the 2014/2015 season.: RJTC, Mītava / LLU, Archer Lacrosse and five-time Latvian champions Druva Dynamite.

Federation President Krisjanis Wolf says : “We can safely say that Ventspils has sports on YOU. This city has built a high-quality infrastructure, necessary for any kind of sport, there is a positive attitude on the part of the municipality, sports life is in full swing here. We hope that in the future the lacrosse movement will develop in Ventspils as well ”.

In Latvia, lacrosse is practiced not only by men, but also by women teams.Every year, from the best teams in Latvia, players are selected for the republican teams, which represent our country at the World and European Championships.

This summer the Latvian women’s national team will start at the European Championships in the Czech Republic, and in the summer of 2016 the Latvian men’s national team will take part in the European Championships in Hungary.

It should be noted that this summer the camp of candidates for the Latvian national team will be held in Ventspils.

Photos can be viewed HERE .

Women’s lacrosse – Women’s lacrosse

Team sport

Women’s lacrosse (or lacrosse for girls ), sometimes abbreviated to relaxed , is a sport in which there are twelve players on the field at the same time (including the goalkeeper).The modern women’s game, originally played by Native American peoples, was introduced in 1890 at St Leonard’s School in St Andrews, Scotland. The rules for female lacrosse differ significantly from male field lacrosse. The two sports are often considered to be different sports with a common root.

The object of the game is to use a long-handled stick (known as stick for cross or lacrosse) to catch, hold and pass a durable rubber lacrosse ball to kick the ball into your opponent’s goal.Cradling is when the player moves the wrists and arms in semi-circular motion to keep the ball in the head pocket using centripetal force. A net or leather net is stretched over the head of the lacrosse club to allow the player to hold the ball. From a defensive point of view, the goal is to prevent the opposing team from scoring a goal and to take the ball away by using a stick check and body positioning. The rules for women’s lacrosse are different from men’s lacrosse. The equipment required for the game is also different from that of men.In the United States, women are only required to wear glasses or lacrosse goggles and mouthguards. Internationally, women are only required to wear a mouthguard and be able to play without protective glasses. The club also has limitations as it must be of a certain length and the pocket must be small enough to show the ball over the side when held at eye level.

At the university level in the United States, lacrosse is represented by the National Student Athletic Association (NCAA), which hosts three NCAA Women’s Lacrosse Championships each spring, one for each of its competitive divisions.Internationally, women’s lacrosse has a 31-member governing body called the International Lacrosse Federation, which sponsors the Women’s World Lacrosse Championship every four years.

History

Lacrosse is a traditional Native American game that Europeans witnessed when French Jesuit missionaries in the Valley of St. Lawrence witnessed the game in the 1630s. Sometimes the games were big events that lasted several days.From 100 to 1000 people from opposing villages or tribes participated. Native American lacrosse describes the wide range of club and ball games they play. Geography and tribal customs dictated the extent of women’s participation in these early games:

“Lacrosse as women play is an orderly pastime that has little to do with the male version of tribal warfare, except for the long-handled racket or cross (stick) that gave the sport its name.It is true that the object in both men’s and women’s lacrosse is to send the ball through the goal with a racket, but while men use brute force, women depend solely on skill. ”Rosabelle Sinclair

The first modern women’s lacrosse game was played in 1890 at St Leonards School in Scotland, where women’s lacrosse was introduced by Louise Lumsden. Lumsden brought the game to Scotland after watching a men’s lacrosse game between the Kanhuwayya (probably Connavaga) Indians and the Montreal Lacrosse Club.British school teacher Cara Gascoigne of Sweet Briar College began clubbing lacrosse at the college in 1914. One of Lumsden’s students, Rosabelle Sinclair, created the first women’s lacrosse team in the United States at Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 1926. The first women’s intercollegiate game was held between Sweet Briar College and William and Mary College in 1941.

Until the mid-1930s, women’s and men’s field lacrosse was played by virtually the same rules, without protective gear.In the United States, the creation of the United States Women’s Lacrosse Association changed these rules.

Rules

Women’s lacrosse player catches the snatch

Women’s lacrosse is played by a team of 12 players, including the goalkeeper during normal play. The ball used is usually yellow unless both teams agree to use a ball of a different color. It is usually yellow because it makes it easier for people to see the ball in the air and in the other player’s stick. The game lasts 60 minutes (50 according to NFHS / US Lacrosse rules) with two halves.The break is ten minutes unless both coaches have agreed to do so less than ten minutes before the start of the game. Each team is allowed two 90-second team time-outs per game (two 2-minute time-outs in the United States). In the United States, a time-out can be requested by the head coach or by any player on the field after a goal has been scored or any time the requesting team has clear possession of the ball. With the addition of free movement to both the US and NCAA lacrosse rulesets, players no longer need to throw clubs in place during timeouts.

Before the game can begin, each stick that each player plans to use in the game must be approved by a referee based on a set of standards created by Lacrosse USA and the NCAA. These standards are constantly changing as different lacrosse companies create new golf clubs. Often a standard lacrosse ball is placed in the head of the club and the judge looks at it at eye level. If the ball is not visible over either side of the head, then the pocket is most likely too deep to play.A pocket deeper than the norm gives an unfair advantage to the owner of the club. If the stick pocket is too deep, this can often be corrected by tightening the cord. If the club is not properly tensioned by the manufacturer, it cannot be used in the game. An example of a rule for stringing a club is that the bowstring mount for shooting should be 3.5 inches from the top of the head. After someone has scored a goal, the referee has the right to ask him to check his stick. If the club pocket is too deep or the club is not up to standard for some reason, the goal will be recalled.In addition, on a winning throw, the other team may challenge a player’s stick.

Women’s lacrosse rules differ significantly from men’s. The details that follow are US college rules. The international rules for women’s lacrosse are slightly different.

In 2000, the rules of the women’s lacrosse game underwent numerous changes. Modifications included limiting the number of players allowed between the two draw lines to five players per team.Club modifications have resulted in offset heads that allow women’s play to move faster and make stick movements and tricks easier. The wand now looks more like a man’s, with a deeper pocket and a more rounded head. In 2002, safety goggles became mandatory equipment in the United States (but not required by international regulations). In 2006, hard boundaries were adopted. Before hard boundaries, the referees would stop the game when the action moved too far. Passes that have been thrown out of bounds must be awarded to the team closest to the ball.After this rule is changed, balls lost outside the playing court become a ball pass, with the exception of a shot. There are challenges such as a shooting location where a defender runs right up to the player who is about to shoot. To avoid this challenge, the defender must run at an angle to the player who is about to shoot. This rule ensures the safety of the players.

In 2013 NCAA Women’s Lacrosse, the protection rules were changed. When their team is not in possession of the ball, players on their defending side of the field may run any part of the goal circle (the 8-meter circle around the goal) for three seconds.Only a defensive player who directly marks the player with the ball within the club’s length may remain in the goal circle during the defense. The attacking players are allowed to run the goal circle, but only in friendly games; High school players are not allowed through the goal circle.

In 2015, in the 2016 season, there were a few more major changes to the rules. Players are now allowed to kick the ball to get it out of the traffic jam. In the past, hitting the ball led to a change of possession.In addition, players are now allowed to start the game on their own after an opponent commits a minor foul against them. Before moving forward, it is necessary to stop in a sports stance before starting the game so that the referee knows that the player is ready to continue the game.

For the 2016 season 2017, Division I introduced a 90-second shot timer, which was added to Divisions II and III the following year.

In the summer of 2017, the NCAA made a few more major changes.Prior to the latest addition, all players had to stop play on the whistle of the referee. The game resumed after the next whistle or continuation of the self-start. Now free movement has been implemented, that is, after the whistle for a foul, the game does not stop, except for a break or the end of the game – it’s like football. In addition, the defenders are now allowed to run the gate for lacrosse. Now for the draw, only 3 players instead of 5 will be allowed into the midfield until possession is established.Finally, the player must exit the figure eight diagonally after the penalty kick is called.

Players

Traditionally, women have played with three strikers (starting from the position closest to the goal that the team is shooting at, the attacking positions are called “first home”, “second home” and “third home”), five midfielders (a “right attacking wing”, “Left attacking wing”, “right defensive wing”, “left defensive wing” and “center”), three defenders (starting from the position closest to the net that the team is defending, these positions are called “point”, “point of cover” and “Third player”) and one goalkeeper.Previously, positions were assigned to players, and players had to be marked in defense with their opposite number (the third player or “3M” covering the opposite third house “3H”).

Today, according to North American rules, seven players play simultaneously in attack and seven defenders are present. Typically, a team has four attackers, four close defenders and three midfielders. There is a boundary line that keeps four defenders (plus the goalkeeper) from going to the attack or four attackers from entering the defensive zone.If these players cross the line and play, they are considered offside and a serious foul is called.

Equipment

The Women’s Lacrosse Rules are specifically designed to limit physical contact between players. Due to the lack of contact, the only protective equipment required is a mouthguard and face shield / goggles. Although a headgear is not required (except in Florida in the US, where it is mandatory for girls playing lacrosse), it is considered for lacrosse players due to the risk of head injury.In 2017, Brown University purchased hats for their team and became the first NCAA program to make helmets available to the entire team.

US lacrosse rules require players to wear eye protection. All field players must properly wear eye protection that meets the ASTM F803 Female Adult / Youth Lacrosse Specification Standard for the appropriate level of play. All players must wear a professional intraoral mouthpiece that completely covers the teeth.The guard must include parts that protect and separate the bite surfaces and protect the teeth and support structures, and must cover the back teeth of an appropriate thickness. Most referees do not allow white or transparent mouthguards to be used, as it is too difficult for them to distinguish the mouthguard from the player’s teeth. Mouthpieces must be worn at all times and must not be removed while playing. No protruding protrusions are allowed for field players.

In addition, gloves may be worn, but jewelry is prohibited.Although the rules define these types of defenses, injuries still occur as a result of accidental blows to the head and in general in this sport.

Players must wear composite or rubber soled shoes. No spikes are allowed. You can wear plastic, leather or rubber spikes. Shoes and socks do not have to be identical for team members.

Women’s club pockets are smaller than men’s, making it difficult to catch the ball and throw at high speed.Pockets make it harder to hold the ball without dropping the ball. A women’s club cross can be 35.5 inches and no longer than 43.25 in accordance with the NCAA Girls Lacrosse Committee.

The cross (lacrosse stick) is divided into two parts: the shaft and the head. The shaft can be made from a variety of materials such as wood, aluminum and composite materials, depending on which position the player prefers. Women’s lacrosse rules dictate that only composite and aluminum rods can be used due to random checks and bumps that can occur during play.The top of the stick is where the head connects to the shaft to form a whole stick. The head is made of compact plastic in which the mesh, sides and pocket are formed.

There are various types of nets made from materials that affect the accuracy of the shot and the handling of the ball. The sidewall is a head siding that affects the depth of the pocket and the feeling of stiffness when handling the ball. Stiffer sidewalls and heads are best used for defenders who want to test harder.The more flexible sidewalls are better for grabbing balls, moving and throwing. The pocket is made of mesh and with these different meshes they can have different capabilities; a wide pocket makes it easier to catch balls, but also reduces ball control, while a smaller head will make it harder for the user to catch the ball but provide more precision. The pocket of a lacrosse club can often be easily adjusted to provide an acceptable pocket depth and to suit players’ preferences before starting a game.

The

Lacrosse ball is made of hard rubber and can be yellow, orange, blue or green. All lacrosse balls must meet NOCSAE (National Operating Committee for Sports Equipment Standards) standards.

Playground

Field sizes for women’s lacrosse are based on the 2007 IFWLA women’s lacrosse rules.

The size of the playing field depends on the age group of the players. U15 and U13 players must play on a standard sized field with all appropriate markings.For U11, they must play on a standard size field with all appropriate markings whenever possible. Otherwise, they can play on a modified field with reduced players. For U9 players, pitches must be rectangular, 60 to 70 yards long and 30-40 yards wide, to play on existing pitches.

There are two different areas on either side of the field around the goal; 8 meter arc and 12 meter fan. By committing a serious foul in any of these areas, the offender returns the ball and has a direct goal-hitting opportunity.If outside the 8-meter arc, but inside the fan, the path to the goal is cleared of all other players, and the person who committed the foul moves 4 meters behind the offender. If a defensive foul occurs within the 8-meter arc, all players who were previously in the penalty area (defined as the area within the 8-meter arc, two pie-shaped areas on either side of the arc, and the space inside and between the restart points that are outside the gate). must move outside the penalty area.The fouled player now moves to the nearest grill mark, which is located at the edges of the arc and has a direct path to the goal. The defender who fouls moves on a 12-meter fan directly behind the shooter. If a player fouls another player who is not in the arc, the victim receives the ball, and the player who committed the foul must retreat at least 4 meters. All other players closer than 4 meters to the ball carrier must also step back to give the player room to move with the ball.

The shooting position rule in women’s lacrosse is very important for the safety of the players. This occurs when the defensive player enters the offender’s throwing line towards goal, without marking the opponent at an angle that exposes the defender to the risk of being hit by the ball if the offender fires.

Methods of breaking the connection

If there is still a tie at the end of the rule, the teams will play 3-minute golden goal periods until either team scores a goal and that team wins the game.

Ball in and out of play

Draw is what starts the game and keeps it going after a goal has been scored. A toss is when two players, one from each team, stand in the center circle with their backs facing each other. The referee then places the ball between the two clubs. Each player must move their clubs parallel to the ground to keep the ball in place. During the draw, two players may stand along the circle surrounding the center circle. Players’ clubs in a circle cannot break the line until the whistle blows.Centerrs must lift and pull clubs overhead while releasing the ball. If one player in a draw moves or picks up his stick before the other, it will be penalized as an illegal draw.

When the referee blows his whistle during a game, everyone must stop exactly where they are. If the ball goes out of bounds on the throw, the player closest to the ball takes possession. If the ball goes out of bounds not on a shot, possession is awarded to the other team. For example, if a player misses a pass to a teammate and the ball goes out of bounds, the other team will receive the ball.If the ball goes out of bounds on a shot, the player usually pulls out his stick in an attempt to get it as close to the ball as possible and gain possession of the ball.

Protecting the club from being tested is a very important key in the women’s game of lacrosse. To protect the club from being tested, the player must trap the ball. If a player has a strong cradle, it will be much more difficult to return the ball to the opposing team. Cradling is a back-and-forth movement and rotation of the club head that keeps the ball in the pocket with centripetal force.

The valid check depends on the age at which the game is played. The rules for children 15 and older allow lacrosse players to do a full overhead check. However, this requires that at least one of the two judges has a local USL rating so that they can assess the appropriate number of contacts. In most cases, checking the head area is a mandatory yellow card. If a sufficiently experienced judge is not available then the U13 test rules should be used, where only a modified below the shoulder test is allowed.Verification is not allowed in U11 and U9. The US lacrosse rules recommend that middle and junior high school players play by the age of 13 test rules.

In women’s lacrosse, players may only check if the check is directed away from the ball carrier’s head. In addition, players can only check with the side of their club. If one of the referees catches the ball with the flat side of his head, this will be considered a “check held” and the opposing team will receive the ball.

There are two types of fouls in women’s lacrosse: major and minor.When a minor foul is committed anywhere on the field, the player who committed the foul is stationed four meters from which side he last defended the person he obstructed. If a serious foul occurs outside the 12-meter fan or 8-meter arc, the offender must stand four meters behind the fouled player.

Fines

Penalties for women’s lacrosse are calculated on the following cards:

• A green card is issued to a team for delaying the game.A delay of play is issued when a player cannot walk 4 meters as directed by the referee, enters the scrum too early, violation of jewels and improper use of equipment. (In NCAA rules, a green card results in a one minute penalty for the player.)
• A yellow card is for the first penalty and results in a player being sent off the field for two minutes. In the United States, any player who scores two yellow points does not play the remainder of the game, but can play the next game.
• A red card is the result of either two yellow cards, a flagrant foul or grossly unsportsmanlike behavior and results in a player being sent out of the game.If the red card is for unsportsmanlike conduct, the player is also not allowed to play the next game. US rules differ in that a red card is not the result of two yellow cards, and any player receiving a red card will skip the remainder of that game and their team’s next game. This penalty lasts four minutes under US lacrosse rules, or two minutes and cannot be waived under NCAA rules.

Punished fines include:

• Rough / Hazardous Check
• Check to the manager (obligatory card)
• Slash (mandatory card)
• Holding
• Cross in the sphere
• Illegal cradle
• Lock
• Charging
• Push
• Obstacle in the free space for the gate (shooting area)
• Unlawful choice
• Shutdown
• Detention
• Push
• False start
• Dangerous movement (mandatory card)
• Dangerous Continuation (Mandatory Card)
• Dangerous Shot
• Illegal shot
• Cover
• Empty pen check
• Reflection
• Illegal Body Ball
• Clutching the crosspiece by the head
• Throwing the cross under any circumstance.
• Participation in the game if she does not hold the cross.
• Illegal drawing
• Early Entry to Raffle
• Illegal Cross
• A goal scored with a cross that does not meet the requirements for a cross from the field.
• Adjusting the drawstrings / straps of her cross after an official cross check has been requested during play. The cross must be removed.
• Jewelry
• Illegal form
• Illegal substitution
• Game delay
• Play out of bounds
• Illegal re-entry
• Illegal timeout

International Competition

Since 1972, the sport has been run internationally by the International Federation of Women’s Lacrosse Associations (IFWLA).The creation of the IFWLA actually preceded the creation of the corresponding male lacrosse body, the International Lacrosse Federation (ILF), by two years.

In August 2008, after four years of negotiations, IFWLA and ILF agreed to merge into a single governing body, the International Lacrosse Federation (FIL). All tournaments hosted by IFWLA have been transferred to the FIL.

The Women’s Lacrosse World Cup is held every four years. It was organized by the IFWLA before its merger with the IFL and is now organizing the FIL.In Oshawa, Canada, the United States beat Canada in the 2013 final. The latest edition was held in Surrey, England in 2017.

League

Women’s Professional Lacrosse League
The fourth team league started in 2018.

United Women’s Lacrosse League
The fourth team league was founded in 2015.

Known Players

• Taylor Cummings, youngest woman and only 3-time Tewaaraton Trophy (2014, 2015, 2016), 2-time Honda Sports Award, 2-time champion and 3-time Maryland Terrapins IWLCA All-American Champion.Women’s Lacrosse Team, Big Ten Athletes of the Year (2015), Member of the US Women’s National Lacrosse Team.
• Katie Schwarzmann, two-time Tewaaraton Trophy winner (2012, 2013), member of the US women’s national lacrosse team.
• Hannah Nielsen, two-time Tewaaraton Trophy winner (2008, 2009), two-time Honda Sports Award winner, four-time champion and three-time All-American IWLCA for the Northwestern Wildcats women’s lacrosse team, a member of Australia’s women’s national lacrosse team.
• Dana Dobby, assistant coach at Loyola University in Maryland, two-time Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Player of the Year and Intercollegiate Women’s Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Midfielder of the Year at the University of Maryland.
• Kristen Kjellmann, two-time Tewaaraton Trophy winner (2006, 2007).
• Katie Crest, winner of the Tewaaraton Trophy (2005), All-American Duke Blue Devils women’s lacrosse team.
• Jen Adams, head coach for the Loyola Greyhounds of Loyola University of Maryland, a former Australian women’s lacrosse team member and All-American lacrosse player for the Maryland Terrapins women’s lacrosse team.
• Ginny Kapikcheni, first woman to play in a professional men’s league for the New Jersey Tempest in the National Lacrosse League

Recommendations

Footnotes

Bibliography

• Fisher, Donald M. (2002). Lacrosse: The Story of the Game . JHU Press. p. 361. ISBN. 0-8018-6938-2 .
• Liss, Howard (1970). Lacrosse . Funk & Wagnalls.P. 96 p.
• Pietramala, David J.; Grauer, Neil A .; Scott, Bob; Van Rensselaer, James T. (2006). Lacrosse: Technique and Tradition . JHU Press. p. 300. ISBN 0-8018-8410-1 .
• Tucker, Janine; Yakutchik, Maryalis; Kirk, Will; Van Rensselaer, James T. (2008). Women’s Lacrosse: A Guide for Experienced Players and Coaches . JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8847-2 .
• Vennum, Thomas; Vennum Jr., Thomas (2008). Lacrosse of the American Indian: Little Brother of War . JHU Press. p. 376. ISBN. 978-0-8018-8764-2 .

External Links

Ural League Battletech

FORZA Coaching Sports Board | Net World Sports

Lightweight, low-maintenance coaching boards for a variety of sports.

Thanks to the compact, portable coaching board, your tactics will always be at your fingertips. Highlighted full field markers are available for 10 different sports. Measuring 32 x 22 cm, this compact tactical board is easy to take from the training area to the bench on the competition field. A simple yet high quality whiteboard lets you capture tactics where you need them, when you need them.

• Light board 32 x 22 cm for easy portability
• 10 field markings – for football, futsal, baseball, basketball, American football, lacrosse, netball, ice hockey, field hockey and rugby
• Robust coaching boards made of ABS plastic, do not bend
• Manufactured with an erasable marker coating to visualize multiple instructions and tactics
• Each coaching board comes with a secure note clip and a high quality marker

Tactical boards are one of the key components of coaching equipment, which always accompanies the coach and manager of any level on the field and allows you to make changes in tactics right during the match.These lightweight coaching boards are designed to be easy to erase without leaving unsightly stains. The kit includes everything you need to analyze tactics – a reliable clip for notes and a universal marker.

Weather-resistant coaching boards are made of durable ABS plastic for maximum durability to prevent bending and increase resistance to damage. Sports-specific coaching whiteboards, suitable for use on the pitch, dressing room and during matches, enable accurate tactical formulations with clear roles and instructions.

Net World Sports has a wide range of coaching boards in a variety of sizes and for a variety of sports.

Gate (sports)

A gate in team sports is a structure, usually rectangular in shape, installed at the edge of the field.
In games with a goal, teams try to make sure that the game projectile (ball, puck) hits the opponent’s goal. This situation is called a goal and allows the team that scores the goal to earn points.

The vertical components of the goal are called bars or side posts, the horizontal component is called the upper crossbar.

Games with rectangular gates

In games with rectangular goals, a goal is awarded if the ball or puck passes between the posts and under the crossbar. The goal is usually covered with a net, in which the pocketed ball gets stuck (while the tension should not be too strong, an additional absorbing net can also be used). In such games, the goal is protected by a special player – the goalkeeper.

Football

Goals in football are installed along the endlines on both sides of the field. The gate is 2.44 meters (8 feet) high and 7.32 meters (8 yards) wide. The width and height of the cross-section of both posts and crossbars are the same and do not exceed 12 cm (5 inches). Scoring a goal into the goal is the main way to earn points, except for getting them as a result of declaring a technical defeat to the opponent or in a draw with a zero final score. The goalkeeper area measures 18.32 m (20 yards) by 5.5 m (6 yards).

Ball hockey

The goal in field hockey consists of two vertical posts and one upper crossbar, fastened together. The posts are set perpendicular to the goal line at the marks indicated in the field markings. The top crossbar is parallel to the goal line. The posts and the crossbar are made of wooden bars or metal pipes, sheathed with wooden strips from 5 to 7.5 cm wide.The internal dimensions of the gate (facing the field): height – 210 cm and width – 350 cm.The ball scored into the goal brings the team one goal.

Ice Hockey

Hockey gates are installed on the so-called goal line (forward line). The gate is 1.83 meters (6 feet) wide and 1.22 meters (4 feet) high. The gate is made of 5 cm (2 in) round pipes. The puck, scored into the goal, brings the scoring team one goal.

Field hockey

In field hockey, the goal is set at the end of the field on the end line. The gate is 2.14 meters (7 feet) high and 3.66 meters (12 feet) wide.

Handball

In handball, the goal is on the edge of the field. Gate dimensions: 2 meters high and 3 meters wide. The gate is made of square (8 x 8 cm) beams in cross-section. Players earn points by throwing the ball into the goal with their hands.

Water polo

In water polo, the gates are installed at the edges of the playing pool. Gate height – 90 cm, width – 3 meters.

Lacrosse

In lacrosse, the gate is located in a special area called the kris.Gate width 1.80 meters, length 1.80 meters. They are often heavier with loads.

H-shaped door

In games with an H-shaped goal, a goal is scored when the ball flies over the top crossbar and between the side posts at any height. There is no net in such gates. The referees determine if a goal has been scored.

Rugby

In rugby, the goal is to get the ball into in-goal and goal-scoring is secondary. In different versions of rugby, goals are worth different points.The upper crossbar is located at a height of 3 meters, the distance between the side posts is 5.6 meters. Unlike most team sports, rugby goals are not set at the edge of the playing area, but inside it, on the line dividing the playing field and the in-goal (the so-called goal line).

American Football

In American football, goals scored from the field are worth 3 points. The size of the goal is almost identical to the size of a rugby goal. The crossbar is 10 feet (3 meters) high and the uprights are spaced 18.6 feet (5.7 meters).In stadiums used exclusively for American football, the goal is often mounted on a single central post.

Canadian Football

In Canadian football, goals scored from the field are also worth 3 points. As in rugby, the goal is not set on the edge of the playing area, but inside it on the line separating the playing field and the in-goal (goal line). Gate dimensions: Between two booms 18 feet 6 “(5.64 m), 40 feet (12.19 m) high, crossbar positioned 10 feet (3.04 m).

Gateway in Gaelic Football

In Gaelic football, the goal posts are 7 meters high and 6.5 meters apart. At a height of 2.5 m, the posts are connected by a crossbar. The lower part of the goal is covered with a net and is protected by the goalkeeper. Unlike many other team sports, points are awarded regardless of whether the ball is flown over or under the crossbar. If the ball flew between the posts under the crossbar, 3 points are awarded, if over the crossbar – 1 point.

Gateway in Australian Football

The main feature of Australian football goals is that they are double goals and do not have a crossbar.The buildings of the inner gates are 6 meters high and are located at a distance of 6.4 meters from each other. The outer gate posts are 3 m high and are located 6.4 m from the inner gate posts. If the ball flies between the outer goal posts, 1 point is awarded, if after a kick between the inner goal posts – 6 points.

Lacrosse – American Indian Game – News

Lacrosse is a true North American sport that appeared on the continent long before the arrival of Columbus.The American Indians invented the game to train warriors and as a peaceful alternative to tribal conflict resolution. Different tribes gave different names to the game, including “men hitting a round object” and “little war”.

The scale of the historical prototype of modern lacrosse was impressive: they played on fields, the area of ​​which sometimes reached several kilometers, the lineups were not limited and could reach hundreds of players, and boulders or trees were used instead of gates.

In modern men’s lacrosse on the field of 10 players, with 9 allowed substitutions (in the women’s lacrosse the number of substitutions is unlimited). The size of the field is slightly smaller than a football field – 100 by 55 m, with a square goal 1.8 m wide. The game lasts four quarters of 15 minutes of net time. According to the rules, you can play in the body with the enemy, you cannot push in the back, hit on the helmet and make trips. For such fouls – removal from the field from 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Grabbing the ball with your hands is not allowed.

“Lacrosse” is French for “staff”, but the main attribute of the game is similar at the same time to a club, a racket and a net.Lacrosse is played with a special club, which consists of a metal handle and a plastic head with a net. At the same time, each playing position has its own sticks – the attackers use short meter ones, the ball after being hit by them flies at a speed of up to 140 km / h. Defenders’ sticks are longer (1.3 to 1.8 m). It is more convenient to take the ball away from the opponent with such a club. The goalkeeper’s stick is similar to the defender’s stick, but has a larger head to make it easier to catch the ball.

Lacrosse is a fairly productive game (which predetermined its popularity in North America, where they sincerely do not understand how a match can end with a score of 0: 0), on average 10-15 goals are scored in one match.