Who are the key players on the 2018 Iroquois Nationals lacrosse roster. What makes this team a formidable opponent in international competitions. How does the team’s composition reflect the rich lacrosse heritage of the Iroquois people.
The Formidable Lineup: Breaking Down the 2018 Iroquois Nationals Roster
The 2018 Iroquois Nationals lacrosse roster showcases an impressive array of talent, combining skill, athleticism, and cultural pride. This team, representing the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, is poised to make a significant impact in international competitions. Let’s delve into the roster and examine what makes this squad a force to be reckoned with on the lacrosse field.
Goaltending Prowess
The Iroquois Nationals boast a formidable goaltending trio:
- Joey Janvier (Okotoks Raiders, RMJLL)
- Cecil Jacobs (Wallaceburg Red Devils, OJBLL)
- Karonhiakeron Dickson (Six Nations Arrows, OJALL)
These netminders bring a combination of size, agility, and experience to the crease. Cecil Jacobs, in particular, has already proven himself against adult competition at the LASNAI tournament, demonstrating his ability to perform under pressure.
Offensive Firepower
The offensive unit is stacked with talented players who can light up the scoreboard:
- Tyler Brown (Wallaceburg Red Devils, OJBLL)
- Marshall Powless (Wallaceburg Red Devils, OJBLL)
- Owen Martin (Wallaceburg Red Devils, OJBLL)
- David Anderson (Oakville Buzz, OJBLL)
Tyler Brown, an All-Star at the previous LASNAI tournament, is expected to lead the offensive charge. The chemistry between Brown, Powless, and Martin, who play together for Wallaceburg, could prove crucial in creating scoring opportunities.
The Transition Game: A Key Strength of the Iroquois Nationals
One of the hallmarks of Iroquois lacrosse is the fluid transition game, and this roster is built to excel in that aspect. Players like Cecil Monture, Brett Logan, Kerry Kane, and Nonkon Thompson possess the defensive skills to shut down opponents and the athleticism to push the ball up the field quickly.
This emphasis on transition reflects the traditional Iroquois style of play, which values speed, creativity, and seamless ball movement. How does this approach give the Iroquois Nationals an edge over their competitors? By constantly keeping opponents on their toes and creating scoring opportunities from all areas of the field.
Size and Skill: A Balanced Roster
The 2018 Iroquois Nationals roster strikes an impressive balance between size and skill. While some players may be on the smaller side, the team also boasts several towering athletes, particularly in the goaltending position. This mix of physical attributes allows the team to adapt to various playing styles and match up effectively against different opponents.
The skill level across the roster is consistently high, with many players having experience in highly competitive junior leagues. This combination of physical tools and lacrosse IQ makes the Iroquois Nationals a versatile and unpredictable team.
The Iroquois Lacrosse Legacy: More Than Just a Game
For the players on the Iroquois Nationals roster, representing their people on the international stage is about more than just winning games. Lacrosse, known as the “Creator’s Game” in Iroquois culture, holds deep spiritual and cultural significance.
How does this cultural connection impact the team’s performance? Many players draw strength and motivation from their heritage, playing not just for themselves but for their communities and ancestors. This added layer of meaning often translates into passionate, inspired play on the field.
Coaching Leadership: Gewas Schindler at the Helm
The 2018 Iroquois Nationals are led by head coach Gewas Schindler, a respected figure in the lacrosse world. Schindler brings a wealth of experience as a player, having represented the Iroquois Nationals multiple times in international competition.
What can we expect from Schindler’s coaching style? Known for his ability to foster team cohesion and improvement throughout a tournament, Schindler is likely to emphasize:
- Continuous development and adaptation
- Strong team chemistry
- Embracing the traditional Iroquois style of play
- Mental toughness and resilience
Under Schindler’s guidance, the Iroquois Nationals are poised to start strong and finish even stronger, potentially peaking at the perfect moment in the tournament.
Rising Stars: Players to Watch
While the entire roster is filled with talent, several players stand out as potential breakout stars:
David Anderson
The grandson of lacrosse legend Gaylord Powless, Anderson brings a unique pedigree to the team. His multi-sport background (he’s also a hockey star) contributes to his exceptional athleticism and toughness. Anderson’s versatility makes him a valuable asset in various situations on the field.
Myles Jacobs
A standout for the Akwesasne Indians in the OJBLL, Jacobs has the potential to be a dynamic playmaker for the Iroquois Nationals. His right-handed shot adds balance to the offense and could create mismatches against opposing defenses.
Aaron Greyeyes
Representing the Saskatchewan SWAT, Greyeyes brings a different regional perspective to the team. His experience in the RMJBLL could provide valuable insights and potentially unexpected playing styles that catch opponents off guard.
The International Stage: How Will the Iroquois Nationals Fare?
As the Iroquois Nationals prepare to face off against the world’s best lacrosse teams, several factors could influence their performance:
Strengths
- Deep roster with a balance of size and skill
- Strong goaltending
- Explosive transition game
- Cultural motivation and pride
- Experienced coaching
Potential Challenges
- Integrating players from different leagues and regions
- Facing more physically mature teams in some matchups
- Managing expectations and pressure
Given the team’s composition and leadership, the 2018 Iroquois Nationals have the potential to make a deep run in international competition. Their unique style of play, combined with individual talent and cultural pride, makes them a thrilling team to watch and a formidable opponent for any lacrosse powerhouse.
Beyond the Field: The Impact of Iroquois Lacrosse
The significance of the Iroquois Nationals extends far beyond wins and losses. As the only Indigenous team sanctioned to play a sport internationally as a nation, their presence on the world stage serves several important purposes:
- Preserving and promoting Iroquois culture
- Inspiring Indigenous youth
- Educating the global community about Iroquois history and sovereignty
- Advancing the sport of lacrosse
How does the team’s performance impact these broader goals? Success on the field can amplify the team’s message and increase visibility for Iroquois culture and issues. However, even in defeat, the very presence of the Iroquois Nationals at international tournaments is a powerful statement of Indigenous identity and resilience.
The 2018 roster, with its blend of talent from various Iroquois communities, embodies the unity and strength of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Each player carries the responsibility of representing not just a team, but a people with a rich cultural heritage and a deep connection to the game of lacrosse.
As we look forward to seeing this team in action, it’s clear that the 2018 Iroquois Nationals are more than just a collection of skilled athletes. They are ambassadors of their culture, carriers of an ancient tradition, and a formidable force in the world of international lacrosse.
The lacrosse world eagerly anticipates the performance of this talented squad, knowing that when the Iroquois Nationals take the field, they bring with them the spirit of the Creator’s Game and the pride of a nation. Win or lose, their impact on the sport and on the global stage is undeniable and enduring.
2018 Iroquois World Junior Lacrosse Championship Roster
We are one day away from the World Junior Lacrosse Championship games kicking off, and now we have the 2018 Iroquois roster. With the USA and Canada rosters out, it’s time to look at the young Iroquois players looking to make a name for themselves at the 2018 World Juniors. Goaltending, offensive stars, a roster full of guys who can play transition, and a tough defensive core group make the 2018 Iroquois a squad to watch… as usual!
Gewas Schindler is the head coach of this team, and you know ‘Was is going to have the guys ready to play. Gewas has played all over the world, represented the Iroquois Nationals on multiple occasions, and he loves nothing more than seeing a team gel and improve as an event wears on. Expect this Iroquois team to come on strong and finish stronger!
2018 Iroquois World Junior Lacrosse Roster
# – Position – Name – Hand – Hometown – Junior Team and/or College
(G is goalie, R is runner, no specific positions have been submitted beyond that)
00 – G – Joey Janvier – Right – Okotoks Raiders (RMJLL)
3 – R – Kerry Kane – Left – Kahnawake – Kahnawake Hunters (OJBLL)
4 – R – Blaze White – Left – Akwesasne Akwesasne Indians (OJBLL)
6 – R – Daylan Hill
11 – R – Spencer Martin – Right – Brantford Warriors (OJCLL)
12 – R – Nonkon Thompson – Left – Akwesasne Akwesasne Indians (OJBLL)
15 – R – David Anderson – Right – Cambridge, ON – Oakville Buzz (OJBLL)
16 – R – Owen Martin – Left – Six Nations – Wallaceburg Red Devils (OJBLL)
18 – R – Myles Jacobs – Right – Akwesasne – Akwesasne Indians (OJBLL)
19 – R – Tyler Brown – Left – Six Nations – Wallaceburg Red Devils (OJBLL)
22 – R – Isaiah Skidders – Right – Akwesasne Indians (OJBLL)
24 – R – Owen Hill – Six Nations Arrows (OJALL)
34 – G – Cecil Jacobs – Right – Walpole Island – Wallaceburg Red Devils (OJBLL)
39 – R – Wesley Witlow
42 – R – Roger Hill
45 – R – Levi Tawpism
64 – G – Karonhiakeron Dickson – Six Nations Arrows (OJALL)
67 – R – Brett Logan
71 – R – Tyler Armstrong – Right – Akwesasne – Akwesasne Indians (OJBLL)
77 – R – Cecil Monture
79 – R – Kallen Currie – Left – Leask, SK – Saskatchewan SWAT (RMJALL)
88 – R – Aaron Greyeyes – Right – Saskatchewan SWAT (RMJBLL)
93 – R – Marshall Powless – Left – Six Nations – Wallaceburg Red Devils (OJBLL)
Let’s start with the goalies! At least two of the 2018 Iroquois Junior goalies stand 6’4″ or taller, and these guys are big bodies that can straight up move.
They play big, see the angles well, and are tough as nails. Cecil Jacobs was lights out last year playing against fully grown men at the LASNAI, and he’s not the only young Iroquois player with plenty of experience playing up.
Tyler Brown will be one of the offensive leaders for the Iroquois and the lefty forward was named an All-Star at last year’s LASNAI. He was on the team with guys like Lyle Thompson and Kyle Buchanan. The young man can ball!
It will be interesting to see if he works with Marshall Powless and Owen Martin as those guys all play for Wallaceburg in the OJBLL. The lefty sides get stronger with a couple of Akwesasne Akwesasne Indians (OJBLL) players, and the presence of players from the Six Nations Arrows and SWAT out of Sasky only add to the expected talent levels here.
I’m particularly excited to see Dave Anderson, Gaylord Powless’ grandson, play for the 2018 Iroquois Junior team. He’s a hockey star as well, and has played for Canada in the past, but he gives this team great toughness and athleticism, as well as a nice flash of additional scoring.
There are some big bodies on D, and I like this group to be physical and tough. Cecil Monture, Brett Logan, Kerry Kane, Nonkon Thompson and many others can not only play great D, but this group canpush the ball in transition with fluidity. I’m excited and curious to see just how much transition this team creates!
Overall you have a highly skilled group, and while some players are on the smaller end, others will be some of the biggest players on the floor in any game. This team has size, speed, and all the skill in the world. They should be a LOT of fun to watch!
Make sure to check out LaxAllStars each day this week for live games, and follow our social media channels for updates, stories, and everything you need to see from the 2018 World Junior Lacrosse Championships!
Haudenosaunee Nation U19 Women’s Lacrosse Roster Set
(SIX NATIONS) The 2015 U-19 Women’s Field Lacrosse roster is now set as the 18 players get ready for the FIL Rathbones Women’s U19 World Championship at the University of Edinburgh Scotland’s Peffermill Playing Fields between July 23rd and August 1st, 2015.
Haudenosaunee Nation U19 Women’s Lacrosse Team
Attack
McKenzie Harris (C), Brighton (N.Y.), 2017 – Seneca Nation
Shayla Scanlan, Lake Shore (N.Y), 2017 – Seneca Nation
Alanna Herne, Buffalo State College (N.Y.) – Mohawk Nation
Attack/Midfield
Cheyenne Burnam (C), Onondaga Community College (N.Y.) – Mohawk Nation
Ashley Hill, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2018 – Mohawk Nation
Midfield
Alie Jimerson (C), University at Albany (N.Y.) – Cayuga Nation
Dana Issacs (C), McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2015 – Onondaga Nation
Lynnzee Miller, The Hill Academy (O.N., Canada), 2016 – Mohawk Nation
Victoria Thompson, Salmon River (N.Y.), 2015 – Mohawk Nation
Jalyn Jimerson, Lake Shore (N.Y.), 2018 – Cayuga Nation
Jacelyn Lazore, Salmon River (N.Y.), 2018 – Mohawk Nation
Leini Johnson, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada) – Mohawk Nation
Midfield/Defense
Mia DiBello, Syracuse University (N.Y.) – Oneida Nation
Jadyn Bomberry, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2016 – Mohawk Nation
Tsiotenhariio Herne, Salmon River (N.
Y.), 2015 – Mohawk Nation
Defense
Kori Tewateranhiank’wa McComber, New Hampton (N.H.), 2016 – Mohawk Nation
Defense/Goalie
Samantha Williams, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2016 – Onondaga Nation
Goalie
Jenna Haring, Lake Shore (N.Y.), 2016 – Seneca Nation
Coaches/Staff:
Regy Thorpe, Head Coach
Kristen Selvage, Assistant Coach
Maggie Koch, Assistant Coach
Sarah Holden, Assistant Coach
Tia Schindler, General Manager
Farrah Perkins, Team Manager
(C) = Team Captains
Photos from Training
Coach Regy Thorpe and our young women working hard to prepare for the competition they’ll face in Scotland: https://www.facebook.com/HaudenosauneeNationWomensLax
(SIX NATIONS) The 2015 U-19 Women’s Field Lacrosse roster is now set as the 18 players get ready for the FIL Rathbones Women’s U19 World Championship at the University of Edinburgh Scotland’s Peffermill Playing Fields between July 23rd and August 1st, 2015.
Haudenosaunee Nation U19 Women’s Lacrosse Team
Attack
McKenzie Harris (C), Brighton (N.
Y.), 2017 – Seneca Nation
Shayla Scanlan, Lake Shore (N.Y), 2017 – Seneca Nation
Alanna Herne, Buffalo State College (N.Y.) – Mohawk Nation
Attack/Midfield
Cheyenne Burnam (C), Onondaga Community College (N.Y.) – Mohawk Nation
Ashley Hill, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2018 – Mohawk Nation
Midfield
Alie Jimerson (C), University at Albany (N.Y.) – Cayuga Nation
Dana Issacs (C), McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2015 – Onondaga Nation
Lynnzee Miller, The Hill Academy (O.N., Canada), 2016 – Mohawk Nation
Victoria Thompson, Salmon River (N.Y.), 2015 – Mohawk Nation
Jalyn Jimerson, Lake Shore (N.Y.), 2018 – Cayuga Nation
Jacelyn Lazore, Salmon River (N.Y.), 2018 – Mohawk Nation
Leini Johnson, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada) – Mohawk Nation
Midfield/Defense
Mia DiBello, Syracuse University (N.Y.) – Oneida Nation
Jadyn Bomberry, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2016 – Mohawk Nation
Tsiotenhariio Herne, Salmon River (N.
Y.), 2015 – Mohawk Nation
Defense
Kori Tewateranhiank’wa McComber, New Hampton (N.H.), 2016 – Mohawk Nation
Defense/Goalie
Samantha Williams, McKinnon Park Secondary (O.N., Canada), 2016 – Onondaga Nation
Goalie
Jenna Haring, Lake Shore (N.Y.), 2016 – Seneca Nation
Coaches/Staff:
Regy Thorpe, Head Coach
Kristen Selvage, Assistant Coach
Maggie Koch, Assistant Coach
Sarah Holden, Assistant Coach
Tia Schindler, General Manager
Farrah Perkins, Team Manager
(C) = Team Captains
Photos from Training
Coach Regy Thorpe and our young women working hard to prepare for the competition they’ll face in Scotland: https://www.facebook.com/HaudenosauneeNationWomensLax
The team was selected from a pool of 75 young women from across the Haudenosaunee territories, which span New York State and Southern Ontario. They have been through two cuts since their first tryout in January 2014, and the Haudenosaunee Head Coach, Regy Thorpe, who was recently promoted to Associate Head Coach for the Syracuse University Women’s Lacrosse program, feels that although the decision was tough, the coaches are confident in the core group of players they have chosen..jpg)
“I would first like to say thank you to all the players and their families who have come to our various tryouts and development stages. The pool of players that were competing for the roster spots was very competitive. The future of Haudenosaunee women’s lacrosse looks to be building momentum and it’s a very exciting time to be part of this organization,” said Coach Thorpe at the Final Roster Announcement meeting.
Coach Thorpe expressed his enthusiasm for the Haudenosaunee program. “The coaching staff is extremely excited about our roster that we will be bringing to Scotland. This group of players are committed to each other on and off the field. They are excited to represent their families and communities. The hard work has already started and this group is looking forward to the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead of them.”
The Haudenosaunee Nation will compete at the FIL Under-19 World Championship, July 23-August 1 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
—from Press Releases and Two Rows Time news post
Read Article on Two Rows Times Website:
Haudenosaune Nation U-19 Women’s Lacrosse headed to World Championship in Scotland
2015 FIL Rathbones Women’s U19 World Championship Website: https://www.
u19wc2015.co.uk/
About Haudenosaunee Nation Women’s Lacrosse
Our program competes in FIL World Cup events. We are committed to representing our Haudenosaunee Nation with pride and integrity while playing OUR game.
Facebook Page: Haudenosaunee Nation Women’s Lacrosse Facebook Page
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 org/ListItem”> \ Articles The term “red appeared among the British colonists who settled in New England. Neighboring with them was the Beofax Indian tribe (now defunct), whose warriors painted their bodies with ocher. Subsequently, the word acquired a racial connotation separating Indians from Europeans (“whites”), Africans (“blacks”) and Asians (“yellows”). At 19In 92, seven American Indians applied to the US Patent and Trademark Office, demanding that the use of the word “red” in the names of companies, sports teams, trademarks, etc. be prohibited, since the exclusive right to use this term should possess redskins Indians. In 1999, the Indians filed a lawsuit, alleging that the name of the Washington Redskins baseball team offended their national feelings. Today there are about 150 Indian languages in the USA and Canada. Their exact number is unknown, because different linguists offer different gradations – for example, some of them consider the language of the “southern Crees” a dialect, while others consider it an independent language. The Indians, for the most part, have lost their native language (more precisely, their native languages). 72% of American Indians do not speak any language other than English. 18% speak equally well English and the language of their tribe. Only 10% know English poorly or do not know it at all, constantly communicating only in their tribal dialect. The most successful in preserving their language are the Navajo and Pueblo Indians (they live in the southern part of the United States, on the border with Mexico). According to the US Census Bureau, in 2000 there were approximately 1.8 million purebred Indians in the United States. The 2000 census for the first time in US history made it possible to indicate the “mixed” origin of a resident of the country. As a result, it turned out that another 2.9 million Americans consider themselves Indians to a greater or lesser extent (that is, one or more of their immediate ancestors were Indians). The largest Indian tribes today are the Cherokee (about 302.5 thousand “purebred” Native Americans), the Navajo (276.7 thousand), the Sioux (113 thousand) and the Chippewa (almost 111 thousand). For comparison, the US population in 2000 was approximately 290 million people. The census also showed that the Indians are a “young” people (more precisely, peoples). The average Indian is 29 years old, the average American is 35. 33% of Indians are under 18 years old. For comparison, in 2000, 26% of Americans were in this age group. At the same time, fewer Indians live to old age. Among the Indians, incomplete families (where only the mother or only the father is present) are very numerous. On average in the US, 52.5% of households (a family or group of people who live together and have a common budget) are composed of two-parent families. Among the Indians – only 45%. In some tribes, the number of incomplete families is even higher, for example, among the Athabaskans (they live in Alaska), only 32% of families are complete. Although Native Americans enjoy significant college admissions benefits and are free of charge, Native American education levels are extremely low. 72% of Indians graduated from high school – for the US as a whole, this figure is 80%. Bachelor’s degree (awarded after graduation) have 11% of the Indians. In the US as a whole, this figure is 24%. It is not surprising that the share of Indians in managerial positions is noticeably inferior to that of other racial groups living in the United States. An average American earned $37.1 thousand in 2000, an Indian – $28.9 thousand. Unemployment among Indians is a record high for the USA – it reaches 15%, and in some reservations – 80% (on average in the country it does not exceed 5%). 25.8% of Indians live below the poverty line, while 12% of the US population is considered “poor”. Under current US regulations, a family of four is considered “poor” if its combined annual income does not exceed $16,895, and a single person if its income does not exceed $9039 (data for 2000 are given). In some tribes, the poverty rate is even higher: for example, among the Sioux Indians, 38.9% are poor, among the Navajos – 37%. 56% of Indians own their own homes – the national average is over 66%. Approximately 20% of Indian homes do not have running water or sewerage. Indian houses are overcrowded in 32% of cases – up to 25 people can live in three rooms. According to long-term statistics from the US Department of Justice\Department of Justice, American Indians are twice as likely as the rest of the United States to become victims of violent crime. USA is a country of religious freedom. However, only in relation to the Indians, a special law has been adopted that allows them to freely practice their religious cult (some Indians and religious scholars consider it correct to call this “spiritual practice”). The fact is that most of the rituals require eagle feathers, but eagles in the United States are protected by law, and hunting for them is prohibited. An exception is made for the Indians: only members of the tribes can purchase eagle feathers. Indian reservations were granted the right to establish casinos in 1998, when a federal law (called the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act) was passed. The reason for this was the verdict of the US Supreme Court in 1997. The court ruled that since the Indians were forced into barren places without minerals, and cannot engage in traditional crafts that allow them to earn a livelihood, they have the right to engage in gambling. This was a major victory for the Indians, because in most US states such establishments are prohibited by law. Therefore, Indian casinos have become islands of excitement, attracting a large number of visitors. Unlike other types of business on reservations, gambling is tightly regulated by the US federal authorities. According to the National Indian Gaming Association, in 2005 (latest available data) gambling establishments operated on 227 (out of 563) reservations. In 2006, Indians earned $25. US Army Rangers – the oldest special forces of the US Army, in existence since 1756, appeared on the basis of experience gained during the battles with the Indians. These were special detachments of light infantry, which used the Indian tactics of ambushes and surprise attacks. The name Ranger means “tramp, huntsman, forester”. The creator of the “Ranger” detachments, Major Robert Rogers\Robert Rogers, in 1759year formulated 19 commandments for his subordinates, which he borrowed from the Iroquois. These commandments still have not lost their significance and are used in the training of all US special forces. From 1942-1945, the US military used Navajo Indians as cryptographers. They served on the Pacific front with the US Marine Corps, transmitting secret messages that Japanese cryptographers were unable to decipher. The author of this idea was Philip Johnston \ Philip Johnston, a World War I veteran, the son of a missionary who converted the Navajo to Christianity, one of the few whites who was fluent in the language of this tribe. Johnson’s idea was accepted because he easily proved how difficult it is to decipher messages in the Navajo language, which did not have a written language, but had a number of features that made translation difficult (for example, the meaning of a phrase changes dramatically depending on the tone in which it is pronounced). Since 1972 in the structure of the US Customs Service\U.S. Customs Service (now called Immigration and Customs Enforcement) there is a group of “Shadow Wolves”. It consists of 15 (in the near future there will be 21) Pathfinder Indians from the Tohono tribe living near the US-Mexico border. “Wolves” are engaged in the fight against drug couriers. The US State Department has sent “wolves” as instructors to countries that are also struggling with the drug trade – in particular, they worked in some post-Soviet states of Central Asia. According to National Geographic magazine, Indians pioneered or invented potatoes, tobacco, peppers, chocolate, vanilla, peanuts, corn, rubber, chewing gum, popcorn, a food-freezing system, camouflage clothing, syringes, and a ball game. In addition, such words as canoe, toboggan, lacrosse (ball game), moccasin, wigwam, etc., got into European languages from Indian languages. American Indian. Its building was designed by Indian architects. In 2005, the Massachusetts State Parliament repealed the 330-year-old law. He forbade the Indians from visiting the city of Boston. 38 of the 50 US states have Native American names. |
In 2003, the court dismissed this claim on the grounds that it was not presented with evidence that the disputed term was associated exclusively with the native inhabitants of the United States.
5.6% of red-skinned residents of the United States have crossed the 65-year-old mark, in the whole country this figure is 12.4%.
Indians most often work in construction, agriculture and in the service sector.
There are many more people who abuse alcohol among Indians than in the United States as a whole. A study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2004 showed that the most smokers in the United States are representatives of the indigenous population – Indians, as well as Eskimos, Aleuts, and others. 40% of adult Indians are committed to this bad habit. By comparison, 25% of black Americans and 26% of whites smoke.
However, they are prohibited from selling or giving them to non-Indians.
7 billion from gamblers (in 2005 – $22.6 billion) – in terms of profitability, Indian casinos are ahead only of gambling houses in Las Vegas. The gambling business has created over 670,000 jobs. A 2005 study showed that reservation authorities (they are also tribal leaders) direct 20% of casino income to support educational programs, 19% – for economic development, 17% each – for funding law enforcement agencies and healthcare.
The first commandment is “Never forget anything.” In addition, the commandments include, for example, the following postulates: “Spot the enemy before he sees you”, “Tell the truth about what you did and what you saw”, “Never return to the camp by the same road”, “Never cross the river using the well-known ford”, “Never get up to your full height if the enemy is approaching you. Crouch, lie down, hide in the grass.”
At that time, only about 30 non-members of this tribe knew the Navajo language, none of these specialists was Japanese. Johnson’s idea was tested in an experiment: a Navajo Indian was able to translate a three-sentence message in 20 seconds; the then-existing cipher machines coped with this task in 20 minutes. At 19In 1942, there were about 50,000 Navajos in the world, about 400 of them served as cryptographers. The Japanese could not crack the code. It is little known that the first cipher Indians appeared in the US Army back in the First World War. Back then, secret negotiations were conducted in the Choctaw language.
In the near future, a similar structure will appear on the border with Canada, it will include Pathfinders from the Blackfoot tribe.St. Louis 1904 | History of the Olympic Games
III Summer Olympic Games were held in St. Louis, USA from July 1 to November 23, 1904.
The Games, like the previous competitions in Paris, were timed to coincide with the World Exhibition. They were more modest than the previous ones, as many athletes in Europe could not afford to come. 651 people, including 6 women, represented teams from 12 countries. They competed for 94 sets of medals in 18 sports.
Choice of city
Back in 1896, the President of the International Olympic Committee Pierre de Coubertin wrote in an article in The Century Magazine that the 1904 Olympic Games could be held in New York, Berlin or Stockholm, however, he indicated that this was not a final decision.
Soon after the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, the issue of holding the next competition began to be seriously discussed again. By design Coubertin , after Greece and France, the Olympics are best held in the USA. Five cities were considered as candidates: Buffalo, New York, St. Louis, Philadelphia and Chicago. Philadelphia was soon removed from the list, as it had the best track and field infrastructure, but was not suitable for holding competitions in other sports.
After some deliberation, Coubertin announced on 11 November 1900 that the Games would be held in either New York or Chicago. 1 May 1901, 13 prominent residents of Chicago signed an official application to organize the competition. At the fourth session of the IOC on May 21-23, Chicago was the main candidate, but Buffalo and St. Louis were not excluded. The last two cities were opposed by the president of the Amateur Athletic Union (English Amateur Athletic Union) , an influential sports organization in the USA, James Sullivan , who considered Chicago the only candidate. In the end, on May 22, 1901, he was chosen as the capital of the Olympics 1904.
Soon it became known that the World’s Fair, which was to be held in St. Louis in 1903, was postponed by one year. The exhibition management announced that it intends to hold its own sports competitions under the auspices of the Amateur Track and Field Union, and they could outshine the Olympic Games in terms of mass.
The Chicago Olympic Committee was even asked to host the Games in St. Louis, but he replied that the fate of the competition would have to be decided by the IOC. In the end, February 10, 1903 Coubertin announced that the III Summer Olympic Games would be moved to St. Louis and timed to coincide with the World Expo.
Organization of the Games
The organizers of the Games repeated all the mistakes of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. Because of their attachment to the World’s Fair, they were sidelined by other events. The Olympiad stretched for almost five months, many competitions were held under the control of various professional organizations, but despite this, they were all given the title of Olympic disciplines. Due to the high cost of the trip and the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, many athletes from Europe, Asia and Australia did not come, and only 52 people not from America participated in them, and only representatives of Canada or the USA competed in ten sports at once.
Local press led by the president of the Amateur Track and Field Union by James Sullivan , wrote mainly about athletics, with almost no attention to other sports. Most of the competitions were held at the University of Washington.
Francis Field, which hosted most of the competition
After the Games, Coubertin announced that the Olympic Games would no longer be held simultaneously with any other major international events, but the Summer Olympics 1908 in London was held simultaneously with the Franco-British Exhibition.
Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the Olympiad
Unlike the previous Games, this one had an official opening ceremony, albeit timed to coincide with the opening of the Exhibition. It took place on July 1st. In the central square of St. Louis, in warm and sunny weather, in the presence of three thousand spectators and various officials, David Francis , who served as director of the World Exhibition, delivered a speech in which he declared the “III Olympic Games open./https/www.thestar.com/content/dam/thestar/sports/lacrosse/2020/09/16/were-the-underdogs-how-the-iroquois-nationals-took-their-rightful-place-in-lacrosses-world-games-with-a-heartfelt-assist-from-the-irish/iroquois_nationals.jpg)
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David Francis
There was no closing ceremony, and therefore November 23 is considered the last day of the Games, when the last sporting event was held (a football match between two American teams).
St. Louis Olympics Opening Ceremony
Games Calendar
Sports ……………. Dates
Rowing ……..30 July
Boxing 21, September 22
Fight 14, October 15
Cycling August 2-5
Golf September 17-24
Lacrosse July 2-7
Athletics July 4, August 3, August 28-31, September 1, 3
Rocky unknown
Tug of war August 31, September 1
Swimming 5- 7 September
Diving 5, 7 September
Artistic gymnastics 1, 2 July, 28 October
Archery 19-21 September
Tennis 29 August-5 September
Weightlifting 1-3 September
Fencing 7, 8 September
Football November 16-23
Competitions
At the Games, athletes competed in eighteen sports – rowing, boxing, wrestling, cycling, golf, lacrosse, athletics, rocky, tug of war, swimming, diving, artistic gymnastics, archery, tennis, weightlifting, fencing and football.
Compared to previous Games, Basque pelota, cricket, croquet, sailing, polo and shooting have been cancelled. After the break, wrestling and weightlifting received the status of Olympic sports. Boxing, lacrosse, rocky and diving competitions were first held at the Games.
Participating countries
According to the IOC, 12 countries participated in these Games: Australia, Austria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Canada, Cuba, USA, France, Switzerland, South Africa.
The only country that came for the first time was South Africa. However, compared to previous Games, 13 countries did not take part – Argentina, Belgium, Bohemia, Denmark, India, Spain, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Romania and Sweden.
Countries participating in the Games. Green shows countries that have already participated, blue shows participating for the first time. The yellow dot is the city of St. Louis. Fred Lortz cramped his leg.
The athlete was picked up by the car accompanying the runners and taken to the finish line for medical assistance. With 8 km to go, the runner “felt better”, returned to the track and finished first. US President’s Daughter Theodore Roosevelt Alice handed Fred Lortz the gold medal and posed for a photo with the “champion”. When the rest of the competitors reached the finish line and the deception was revealed, Fred Lorz stated that it was “just a joke.” The US Athletic Union disqualified the marathon runner for life, however, already in 1905, Lorz was reinstated and won the marathon race in Chicago.
In the same race, another participant, whose name history has not preserved, lost his chances of winning when he encountered a pack of dogs on the way. The marathon runner was forced to take refuge in corn plantations along the side of the road and dodge around the field for about an hour before he broke away from his four-legged pursuers and returned to the distance.
Pole vault
Japanese athlete Sawao Funi , who competed in pole vault for the first time in his life, decided that the essence of this type of competition was to get over the bar with the help of a pole. The athlete got a stronger pole than the rest of the participants, stuck it in the sand in front of the bar, quickly climbed it and jumped over the bar. When the organizers of the competition explained to the Japanese that it was necessary to make a run, he ran along the path and repeated his method of overcoming the obstacle. The next attempts to explain to the Olympian the essence of the competition were not successful. Savao Funi was withdrawn from the competition, his result was not counted. The offended athlete said that the judges find fault with him because of his Asian origin, indignant articles about dishonest refereeing appeared in the Japanese press.
Political scandal
On August 12 and 13, Anthropological Days were held (they were held by the organizers of the exhibition), which were arranged for the Eskimos, Filipinos, Indians to compare their sports skills with representatives of the Caucasian race.
