Head east videos. Head East: Iconic 70s Rock Band’s Enduring Legacy and Greatest Hits

Who were Head East and what were their biggest hits. How did Head East impact the rock music scene of the 1970s. Why is Head East considered an underrated classic rock band. What made Head East’s live performances so popular in their heyday. How has Head East’s music stood the test of time.

The Rise of Head East in the 1970s Rock Scene

Head East emerged as a prominent rock band in the 1970s, captivating audiences with their energetic performances and distinctive sound. Formed in East Central Illinois, the group quickly gained traction in the Midwest music scene before achieving wider recognition. Their blend of hard rock, progressive elements, and catchy melodies set them apart from contemporaries and earned them a dedicated fan base.

The band’s lineup underwent several changes over the years, but its core members during their most successful period included John Schlitt on lead vocals, Roger Boyd on keyboards, Mike Somerville on guitar, Dan Birney on bass, and Steve Huston on drums. This combination of talented musicians created the signature Head East sound that would define their career.

Head East’s Breakthrough Hit: “Never Been Any Reason”

Head East’s breakthrough came with their debut album “Flat as a Pancake” in 1974. The album’s standout track, “Never Been Any Reason,” would become the band’s signature song and their biggest commercial success. What made this song so impactful?

• Distinctive organ intro that immediately grabs listeners’ attention
• Powerful vocals from John Schlitt
• Catchy chorus with harmonized backing vocals
• Memorable guitar riffs and solos
• Lyrics that resonated with the youthful audience of the time

“Never Been Any Reason” peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, but its impact far exceeded its chart position. The song became a staple of FM rock radio and continues to be played on classic rock stations decades after its release. Its enduring popularity is a testament to the timeless quality of Head East’s music.

The Golden Era: Head East’s Album Run in the Mid-1970s

Following the success of their debut, Head East embarked on a prolific period of recording and touring. Their subsequent albums solidified their reputation as a formidable rock act. How did Head East’s discography evolve during this period?

1. “Get Yourself Up” (1976)
2. “Gettin’ Lucky” (1977)
3. “Head East” (self-titled, 1978)
4. “Head East Live!” (1979)

Each of these albums showcased the band’s growth as songwriters and performers. They experimented with different styles while maintaining the core elements that defined their sound. Tracks like “Since You Been Gone,” “Love Me Tonight,” and “Elijah” demonstrated the band’s versatility and musical prowess.

Head East’s Impact on the Live Music Scene

During their commercial peak, Head East became renowned for their electrifying live performances. Why were their concerts such a draw for rock fans?

• High-energy stage presence
• Impressive musicianship and instrumental solos
• Engaging audience interaction
• A setlist that balanced hits with deep cuts
• Theatrical elements that enhanced the rock show experience

Head East regularly headlined major venues, playing to large and enthusiastic crowds. Their live prowess helped them build a loyal fan base that supported them throughout their career, even as commercial success began to wane.

Challenges and Evolution in the 1980s

As the 1980s dawned, Head East faced new challenges in the ever-changing music industry. Unlike some of their contemporaries, such as REO Speedwagon, Head East struggled to maintain their commercial momentum in the new decade. What factors contributed to this shift?

• Changing musical tastes and the rise of new wave and hair metal
• Lack of major label support for promotion and distribution
• Internal band tensions and lineup changes
• Increased competition in the rock market

Despite these obstacles, Head East persevered. Under the leadership of keyboardist Roger Boyd, the band continued to tour and record, albeit for smaller labels. This dedication to their craft and fans ensured that Head East remained a viable touring act long after their chart success had faded.

The Legacy of Head East in Classic Rock

Today, Head East is often cited as an underrated gem of the classic rock era. Their influence can be heard in subsequent generations of rock bands, particularly those that blend hard rock sensibilities with melodic songwriting. Why does Head East’s music continue to resonate with listeners?

• Timeless quality of their songwriting
• Skilled musicianship that stands up to repeated listens
• Nostalgic appeal for those who grew up with their music
• Authenticity and lack of pretension in their approach to rock

The band’s enduring popularity is evidenced by the continued airplay of their hits on classic rock radio and the strong turnout at their live performances, which continue to this day with a revamped lineup.

Head East’s Discography: A Treasure Trove for Rock Enthusiasts

Head East’s discography represents a rich vein of classic rock that deserves renewed attention. Many fans and critics argue that a comprehensive reissue campaign of their albums is long overdue. Why is this important for preserving their musical legacy?

• Many of their albums are out of print or difficult to find
• Remastered versions could improve sound quality for modern listeners
• Inclusion of bonus tracks and unreleased material would appeal to collectors
• Proper packaging and liner notes could provide historical context
• Increased availability could introduce their music to new generations

A well-executed reissue series would not only serve longtime fans but could also help Head East gain the wider recognition that many believe they deserve in the pantheon of classic rock acts.

Connecting with Fans in the Digital Age

Despite forming in an era long before the internet, Head East has adapted to the digital age to maintain a connection with their fan base. How does the band engage with supporters in the 21st century?

• Official website with tour dates, merchandise, and band news
• Active presence on social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter
• YouTube channel featuring live performances and music videos
• Official newsletter to keep fans informed of band activities

This multi-faceted approach to fan engagement ensures that Head East remains relevant and accessible to both longtime followers and new discoverers of their music.

The Importance of Preserving Musical Heritage

Head East’s story is not just about a single band, but about the preservation of an important era in rock music history. As time passes, it becomes increasingly crucial to document and celebrate the contributions of bands like Head East to the rich tapestry of American rock music. Their journey from Midwest favorites to national touring act encapsulates the dreams and struggles of countless musicians who helped shape the sound of a generation.

Head East’s Influence on Contemporary Musicians

While Head East may not have achieved the sustained mainstream success of some of their peers, their influence can be heard in the work of many contemporary rock artists. How has Head East’s music inspired newer generations of musicians?

• Integration of keyboard/organ sounds with hard rock guitar riffs
• Emphasis on strong vocal melodies and harmonies
• Blending of different rock subgenres (progressive, hard rock, AOR)
• Commitment to energetic live performances

Many modern rock bands cite Head East as an influence, particularly those that seek to capture the spirit and sound of classic 70s rock while adding their own contemporary twist.

The Enduring Appeal of “Never Been Any Reason”

“Never Been Any Reason” remains Head East’s most recognized song, but what makes it so enduring? The track’s staying power can be attributed to several factors:

• Instantly recognizable intro that hooks listeners
• Lyrics that capture a universal theme of youthful questioning
• Dynamic arrangement that builds throughout the song
• Powerful vocal performance that showcases John Schlitt’s range
• Guitar work that balances melody with rock edge

The song’s inclusion in various films, TV shows, and compilations over the years has helped introduce it to new audiences, ensuring its place in the classic rock canon.

The Future of Head East and Their Musical Legacy

As Head East continues to perform and engage with fans, questions arise about the future of the band and the preservation of their musical legacy. What steps can be taken to ensure that Head East’s contributions to rock music are remembered and celebrated?

• Comprehensive box set releases with remastered albums and rare tracks
• Documentary film exploring the band’s history and impact
• Tribute albums featuring contemporary artists covering Head East songs
• Induction into regional music halls of fame
• Academic studies on the band’s place in rock history

By taking these steps, Head East’s music can continue to reach new listeners and maintain its rightful place in the narrative of American rock music.

The Importance of Regional Rock Scenes

Head East’s story also highlights the significance of regional rock scenes in the development of American popular music. The band’s roots in the Midwest shaped their sound and approach, demonstrating how geographic and cultural factors influence musical styles. This regional diversity has always been a strength of American rock, producing a rich variety of sounds and styles that contribute to the genre’s ongoing evolution.

As we look back on the career of Head East, we’re reminded of the power of rock music to unite listeners, inspire creativity, and provide a soundtrack to our lives. Their journey from local favorites to national touring act, and their continued presence in the classic rock landscape, serves as a testament to the enduring appeal of well-crafted, passionately performed rock and roll.

Head East may not have achieved the stratospheric fame of some of their contemporaries, but their impact on the rock music scene of the 1970s and beyond is undeniable. As new generations discover their music and longtime fans continue to support them, Head East’s legacy as purveyors of authentic, energetic rock and roll remains secure. Their story is a vital chapter in the ongoing narrative of American rock music, one that deserves to be remembered, celebrated, and passed on to future rock enthusiasts.

head east hits

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Taylor talks about “The Machine” – the hits, the videos and Clive Davis. It is often considered Head East’s signature song, peaking at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100, and continues to be played on classic rock radio stations in the US a generation after it was recorded. New album Head East – Head East Live! US peak. Eric Volmers, Postmedia News ([email protected]) Published: 52 minutes ago. Play Head East hit new songs and download Head East MP3 songs and music album online on Gaana.com. “, A monthly update on our latest interviews, stories and added songs, The Untold Story Of Fiona Apple’s Extraordinary Machine. Cover . Head East maintains a close bond with their loyal fans through their official website, YouTube channel, Facebook and Twitter pages, and their official newsletter. Never Been Any Reason (1975) More Songfacts: Lean OnMajor Lazer “Lean On” was originally sent by Major Lazer to both Rihanna and Nicki Minaj’s camps as a slower reggae track. No More Mr. Nice Guy 3. 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Head East Live at RiverEdge Park [GALLERY]

Head East Live at RiverEdge Park [GALLERY]

Photos © 2021 by: Roman Sobus

The legendary classic rock band Head East has long set the standard for authentic, full-vocal, goodtime rock harmonies that few bands can equal. Their high-energy shows are filled with superb vocals, flashy guitar work and memorable keyboard melodies that continue to rock audiences of all ages. Their signature song, “NEVER BEEN ANY REASON” with notable chorus “Save my life I’m going down for the last time” has long been considered by many radio stations across the country as “The Rock & Roll National Anthem.”

This year Head East will be celebrating their 50th Anniversary by performing most cuts off of their iconic record “Flat As A Pancake”. The band has brought classic arena rock to countless audiences all across North America. According to founding member and keyboardist Roger Boyd, Head East will continue to bring their brand of dance and shout, good-time rock and roll to audiences of all ages for many years to come. “As long as I can lift my synthesizer over my head and the audience goes wild, we’ll keep rockin’ on!”

Their music has been featured in the cult movie classic Dazed and Confused, as well as Sahara and The Education of Charlie Banks, Emmy award winning TV shows Friday Night Lights and That 70s Show. Their newest release (April 2013), Raise A Little Hell, contains several Head East classic party rockers, including their monumental classic ‘There’s Never Been Any Reason (Save My Life),’ along with new, soon-to-be HE classics, that capture all of the excitement, energy and magic of their live shows.

Head East is a 5-piece band consisting of Roger Boyd (keyboards & vocals), Greg Manahan (bass, lead guitar & vocals), Glen Bridger (lead guitar & vocals), Eddy Jones (drums & vocals), and Darren Walker (lead vocals & bass). They have always been one of the friendliest, most approachable, professional bands in rock and roll who are willing to make themselves available at all times for interviews and “meet and greets”.

Head East maintains a close bond with their loyal fans through their official website, YouTube channel, Facebook and Twitter pages, and their official newsletter. The band is popular throughout the world and regularly receives fan correspondence from many nations and from across the United States.

Check out more great live photos here!

Links:

Official: https://www.head-east.com/
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/OfficialHeadEast

Showers head east overnight – FOX31 Denver

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Woman punched in East Village subway station robbery

Surveillance images of a man who assaulted and robbed a woman in an East Village subway station at East 14th Street and First Avenue on Sunday, May 2, 2021, according to police. (NYPD)

EAST VILLAGE, Manhattan — Police launched an investigation after a woman was assaulted and robbed in a Manhattan subway station Sunday evening, officials said.

The woman, 23, was walking toward the exit of the L train station at East 14th Street and First Avenue just before 6 p.m. when an unidentified man approached her from behind, authorities said.

Surveillance video shows the suspect suddenly punch the woman in the side of the head, sending her falling to the ground.

The assailant then snatched the victim’s backpack, which contained an Apple MacBook Air laptop, as well as her debit and credit cards, according to police.

Police said the woman sustained swelling to her head but refused medical attention at the scene.

The suspect, who fled the station to parts unknown, was described by authorities as a man around 30 years old with facial hair, standing 5 feet, 5 inches tall and weighing around 200 pounds.

He was last seen wearing a black winter hat, a light-colored scarf around his neck, a red and black jacket, a red, white and blue shirt, blue shorts with white stripes, and blue sandals. He was carrying a large blue bag, officials said.

The NYPD released the above surveillance video and images in hopes the public could help identify the attacker.

Submit tips to police by calling Crime Stoppers at 1-800-577-TIPS (8477), visiting crimestoppers.nypdonline.org, downloading the NYPD Crime Stoppers mobile app, or texting 274637 (CRIMES) then entering TIP577. Spanish-speaking callers are asked to dial 1-888-57-PISTA (74782).

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Head East | Arnolds Park

Show at 7:30, doors open at 6:30pm.

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The legendary classic rock band Head East has long set the standard for authentic, full-vocal, goodtime rock harmonies that few bands can equal. Their high-energy shows are filled with superb vocals, flashy guitar work and memorable keyboard melodies that continue to rock audiences of all ages. Their signature song, “NEVER BEEN ANY REASON” with notable chorus “Save my life I’m going down for the last time” has long been considered by many radio stations across the country as “The Rock & Roll National Anthem.” This year Head East will be celebrating their 50th Anniversary by performing most cuts off of their iconic record “Flat As A Pancake”. The band has brought classic arena rock to countless audiences all across North America. According to founding member and keyboardist Roger Boyd, Head East will continue to bring their brand of dance and shout, good-time rock and roll to audiences of all ages for many years to come. “As long as I can lift my synthesizer over my head and the audience goes wild, we’ll keep rockin’ on!”

Their music has been featured in the cult movie classic Dazed and Confused, as well as Sahara and The Education of Charlie Banks, Emmy award winning TV shows Friday Night Lights and That 70s Show. Their newest release (April 2013), Raise A Little Hell, contains several Head East classic party rockers, including their monumental classic ‘There’s Never Been Any Reason (Save My Life),’ along with new, soon-to-be HE classics, that capture all of the excitement, energy and magic of their live shows.

Head East is a 5-piece band consisting of Roger Boyd (keyboards & vocals), Greg Manahan (bass, lead guitar & vocals), Glen Bridger (lead guitar & vocals), Eddy Jones (drums & vocals), and Darren Walker (lead vocals & bass). They have always been one of the friendliest, most approachable, professional bands in rock and roll who are willing to make themselves available at all times for interviews and “meet and greets”.

Head East maintains a close bond with their loyal fans through their official website, YouTube channel, Facebook and Twitter pages, and their official newsletter. The band is popular throughout the world and regularly receives fan correspondence from many nations and from across the United States.

Severe Storms Strike Plains States, Start to Head East Video

Transcript for Severe Storms Strike Plains States, Start to Head East

A very chill field. Coors field in Colorado. Completely covered in snow before Sunday’s game. May plowed it. Played the game. A wild weekend of weather. Deadly or the day does and flooding. Rob Marciano starts us off in van, Texas. One of the hardest hit areas. Good morning, rob. Reporter: Good morning, George. Like lay strong tornado hat hit here last night. Burying an SUV that’s been flipped. Behind that, a home that’s flattened. 26 people injured. Triaged and taken to area hospitals. In Arkansas, a tornado there claimed the lives of two people. Another terrifying night across the central U.S. Inside! Reporter: Overnight, scenes of destruction here in van, Texas. A tornado touching down. Leaving dozens injured and widespread damage. My stomach went in knots. I didn’t think it would be this bad. Reporter: Capping off a weekend of mother’s day mayhem from mother nature. Severe storms. Barrelling down on the central U.S. Bringing a dangerous mix of tornadoes, flooding, blizzard conditions. At least a dozen tornadoes reported Sunday. Including this one in Lake City, Iowa. There goes the school! There goes the school. Reporter: Watch as the roof of this school is lifted completely off and disintegrates. Its debris swirling in the air. That’s the School. There goes the roof off the school. Reporter: A frightening ordeal for the people inside the school at the time for an awards banquet. Powerful winds sending these lawn chairs flying. Holy . Reporter: And rising flood waters causing major damage. Like this sinkhole that used to be parking lot. And leading to rescues. In some cases, the flooding so veer, rescue by land not an option. The National Guard forced to air lift many to safety. Including this pregnant woman and her best friend’s baby. They couldn’t get to us by boat. Reporter: They made it to safety just in time. In east Texas, a flood watch up today. The veer threat has moved off to the east to the gulf coast. Across the Mississippi river. As far nofrt as the great Lakes. This smaszive storm. That does stretch far to the north. Clayton Sandell reports from South Dakota. Reporter: South Dakota slammed with a one-two punch from mother nature. This tornado taking aim at Delmont mid morning Sunday. It damaged 30 homes. Taking out the town’s brand-new fire station. Along with a centuries old church where Sunday school kids ran for cover. We huddled in the basement and the bathroom. We knew it wasn’t good. Reporter: Nine people were injured. The storm knocking out power and running water. But mother nature wasn’t done. Walloping the western part of the state with blizzard-like conditions and nearly two feet of snow. Turning highways dangerously slick. I have fefr seen snow in may. Reporter: Those whiteout conditions extending to Colorado coov over the weekend. Snow as much as two to three inches an hour. Bringing down trees and power outages. This tornado had peak winds of 130 miles an hour. You can see the damage that causes. Now right now, there is no running water. No electricity here. So even for the people who have homes to come back to, everyone must stay out until the repairs are made and that can take several days.

This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.

Never Been Any Reason Bass Tabs

Never Been Any Reason
Head East
Flat As A Pancake
A&M Records SP—4537
1975

Dan Birney on bass
4/4 timing
standard tuning, key D minor
pedals: none

Intro
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|8>——————|————————|————————|————————|8>——————|
A:|5>——————|————————|8>——————|————————|5>——————|————————|8>——————|————————|
E:|————————|8>——————|————————|————————|————————|8>——————|————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

(keys) (guitar) x3
G:|————————|————————|————————||————————|————————|————————|————————||
D:|8>——————|8>——————|————————||————————|————————|————————|————————||
A:|——————8—|————————|———R————||———R————|———R————|———R————|———R————||
E:|————————|————————|————————||————————|————————|————————|————————||
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|
A:|———R————|—R—————1|
E:|————————|—————13—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Verse 1
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|33——————|33—————3|55——————|55—————1|33——————|33—————3|55——————|55—————1|
E:|———————3|—————35—|———————5|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|———————5|—————13—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|33——————|33—————3|55——————|55—————1|33——————|33—————3|55——R———|——R————1|
E:|———————3|—————35—|———————5|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|————————|—————13—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Interlude
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|———————3|535—555—|————————|————————|———————3|535—555—|————————|——————55|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|555—5—5—|555—5—5—|33—3335—|———————3|555—5—5—|555577——|
E:|————————|————————|———5—5—5|———5—5—5|————————|————————|—————5——|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|———————3|535—555—|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|55——R———|———R————|———R————|——R————1|
E:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|—————13—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Verse 2
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|33——————|33—————3|55——————|55—————1|33——————|33—————3|55——————|55—————1|
E:|———————3|—————35—|———————5|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|———————5|—————13—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|33——————|33—————3|55——————|55—————1|33——————|33—————3|55——R———|——R———8\|
E:|———————3|—————35—|———————5|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Chorus
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|——————57|>———————|
D:|———————3|535—555—|————————|————————|———————3|535—555—|————57——|——7—7———|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|55555——3|55555—5—|33—3335—|———————3|5555————|——————75|
E:|————————|————————|—————35—|—————5—5|————————|————————|————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|——————57|>75—————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|———————3|535—555—|————57——|———7575\|———————3|535—555—|————————|————————|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|5555————|————————|33—3335—|———————3|55555——3|55555—5—|
E:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|—————35—|—————5—5|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Interlude II
G:|————————|————————|————————|——7>7———|————————|—9—9————|————————|————————|
D:|———————3|5355555—|————75——|—————75—|————————|—————8——|————————|————————|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|555———73|55—————7|33—33335|7—7———7—|55—5———3|55—5—5—5|
E:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————356—|————5—5—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|33—33335|777—5777|555————3|55—5—5—5|——————5—|————————|5>——————|5>——————|
E:|————————|————————|—————35—|————5—5—|6>——66—6|6>——8>——|————————|————6—8—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
A:|5>——————|5>——————|5>——————|5>——————|5>—55——5|—5—55>——|
E:|————————|————6—8—|————————|————6—8—|————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Verse Reprise
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————5———|————————|————————|
A:|33—33——1|33—33——1|55—55——3|55—55———|33—33——1|33—3—3——|55—55——3|55—55——5|
E:|—————13—|—————13—|—————35—|—————353|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|—————35—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————5———|————————|————————|————————|————5———|————————|————————|
A:|33—33——1|33—3—3——|55—55——3|55—55———|33—33——1|33—3—3——|55—55——3|55—55——5|
E:|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|—————353|—————13—|———————3|—————35—|—————35—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————5———|————————|————————|————————|————5———|————————|————————|
A:|33—33——1|33—3—33—|55——R———|——R————1|33—33——1|33—3—3——|55—5————|5555———5|
E:|—————13—|————————|————————|—————13—|—————13—|———————3|————55—5|—————35—|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|————————|————5———|————————|————————|
A:|33—33——1|33—3—3——|55555555|55555555|
E:|—————13—|———————5|————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Chorus Reprise/Bass solo
G:|————————|————————|————————|—————————|————————|————————|————————|—————————|
D:|—————234|5—5—5———|——————7>|—77/12\7—|————————|————————|——————7>|—77/12\7—|
A:|3>——————|—5————3—|5>—557——|—————————|3>——————|——————3—|5>—557——|—————————|
E:|————————|————————|————————|—————————|——————1/|3>——3———|————————|—————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|————————|—————————|————————|————4>——|————————|————————|
D:|—————234|5—5—5———|——————7>|—77h9p7——|—————234|535—————|————————|————————|
A:|3>——————|—5————3—|5>—557——|———————97|3>——————|————————|5>——————|—————030|
E:|————————|————————|————————|—————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Chorus Reprise II
G:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|———————3|535—555—|————7———|————————|———————3|535—5575|————7———|————————|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|55—5—5—3|55555—5—|33—3335—|————————|55—5—5—3|55555—5—|
E:|————————|————————|————————|—————5—5|————————|————————|————————|—————5—5|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

G:|————————|————————|——————57|>75—————|————————|————————|————————|————————|
D:|———————3|5553535—|————57——|———7575\|———————3|535—555—|————————|————————|
A:|33—3335—|———————3|5555————|————————|33—3335—|———————3|55555——3|55555—5—|
E:|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|————————|—————35—|—————5—5|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Outro (tempo slows)
G:|————————|————————|————————|—————————|————————|
D:|———————3|535555——|————————|—————————|————————|
A:|3—3—335—|——————3>|5>————/—|12\——————|5\——————|
E:|————————|————————|————————|—————————|————————|
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

|| repeat between || as indicated h hammer on ~ vibrato
/ slide up p pull off ^ triplet
\ slide down 1. dotted note
> legato (let note ring) 11 fret one, twice
! full stop mute 11 fret eleven
R rest x ghost note

90,000 News –
Government of Russia

Biotechnology Forum in Kirov. The main topics of the II International Forum “BioKirov-2014”, held on June 17-18, 2014, are the discussion of priority areas of bioeconomy for the period up to 2020 and the creation of an industrial and economic base in the region for launching science-intensive biotechnological industries.

Visiting the II Interregional Specialized Biotechnological Exhibition

Dmitry Medvedev’s participation in the plenary session of the II International Forum “BioKirov-2014”

Dmitry Medvedev’s trip to the Kirov region

The main topics of the II International Forum “BioKirov-2014”, held on June 17-18, 2014, are the discussion of priority areas of bioeconomy for the period up to 2020 and the creation in the region of an industrial and economic base for the launch of science-intensive biotechnological industries, as well as consideration of the prospects for a cluster building the regional economy and modeling the innovation infrastructure.

Visit to a multifunctional center for the provision of state and municipal services

June 17, 2014

Visit to the II Interregional Specialized Biotechnological Exhibition

June 17, 2014

Inspection of the exposition of JSC “VyatkaTorf”.Right – Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Volga Federal District Mikhail Babich

June 17, 2014

Inspection of the exposition of LLC “Vostok”

June 17, 2014

Visit to the II Interregional Specialized Biotechnological Exhibition

June 17, 2014

Inspection of the exposition of Nanolek LLC

June 17, 2014

Conversation with Acting Governor – Chairman of the Government of the Kirov Region Nikita Belykh

June 17, 2014

Speech at the plenary session of the II International Forum “Bio Kirov-2014”

June 17, 2014

Visit to a multifunctional center for the provision of state and municipal services

June 17, 2014

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Visit to a multifunctional center for the provision of state and municipal services

Particular attention is paid to the development of innovative biopharmaceuticals, the organization of a full cycle of production of innovative drugs – from scientific research to the release of dosage forms.

Within the framework of the forum there will also be held: an international scientific-practical conference “Building a regional bioeconomy: problems and solutions”; interregional specialized exhibition in the field of biotechnology; thematic sections and round tables.

Before the start of the plenary session of the II International Forum “BioKirov-2014” Dmitry Medvedev examined a specialized biotechnological exhibition.

Dmitry Medvedev’s participation in the plenary session II International Forum BioKirov-2014

Dmitry Medvedev’s speech :

Speech at the plenary session of the II International Forum “Bio Kirov-2014”

Good afternoon, dear colleagues, dear friends! Firstly, I greet you all, I greet the participants of our now international forum “BioKirov-2014”. It is known to be held for the second time. It’s good that it has already attracted the attention of scientists, representatives of biotechnology companies, and public organizations. Why it is being held here in Kirov, I think, is also clear to everyone. Because historically, this region has also been associated with biotechnology and wants to be associated with them in the future, as evidenced by the large number of projects and presentations that I have just watched. Usually, when heading to such events, you feel a kind of skepticism about what you will be shown.But when they actually demonstrate something, you understand that there is some groundwork, you understand that this can be done, that it can bring success and, ultimately, be converted into modern production and money, into jobs. And that’s exactly what we need.

D. Medvedev: “Biomass is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. It is available wherever there are forests, where crops are grown, where industrial waste is generated, the main thing is to use all this wisely. “

I will not lecture you on bioeconomics, biotechnology. We all understand how popular this topic is in the world, how widely it finds application in the energy sector, in traditional industries, how medicine and agriculture now fit together with this. Obviously, the potential for relevant production research is enormous. According to experts, this market is one of the fastest growing in the world. I don’t know if my numbers are correct, maybe my colleagues who are doing this will correct them, but in 2013 its volume was about $ 260 billion, and the average annual growth rate exceeded 11%.These are, of course, very solid figures.

Our country – first of all, we have colossal reserves of raw materials of biological origin, and, of course, here we will occupy leading positions in the world almost constantly. But many final products, and, of course, this is a problem, we have to buy from abroad. In this regard, the task is to master technologies for deep processing of biomass, and the key role here will be played by the competent use of the scientific groundwork that we have created in the field of biotechnology before and which are being created today.

D. Medvedev: “Last year we approved a roadmap for the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering. Since 2012, a comprehensive program for the development of biotechnology has been in place for the period until 2020. We have set ourselves a very ambitious goal – by 2020 to reach the bioeconomy volume of about 1% of the gross domestic product, and by 2030 – 3%. ”

It is clear that the so-called biomass is one of the most promising renewable energy sources.It is available wherever there are forests, where crops are grown, where industrial waste is generated, the main thing is to use all this wisely. However, we are so used to our traditional energy resources that sometimes we do not notice the opportunities that exist in this industry. Moreover, to put it bluntly, it is obvious that for the development of these technologies it will be necessary to overcome resistance, because those who receive money from the sale of traditional energy resources are unlikely to thank you for this. This is a struggle of ideas and partly a question of promoting relevant projects, lobbying, if you like, but if we speak in national categories, then we are undoubtedly interested in this. No matter how many hydrocarbons we have, no matter how developed an energy power we are, we still have to engage in biotechnology, because if we don’t invest money there, we don’t invest our knowledge there, then ultimately, when the next scientific revolution, we may find ourselves on the sidelines and, together with our gas and oil, will lose our competitiveness.In general, these are obvious things, nevertheless, I would like you to hear them specifically from me. We will definitely do this.

Let me remind you that the Government has already started this work. Last year, we approved a roadmap for the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering. Since 2012, the Comprehensive Program for the Development of Biotechnologies for the Period until 2020 has been in effect. We have set ourselves a very ambitious goal – by 2020 to reach a bioeconomy volume of about 1% of gross domestic product, and by 2030 – 3%.

Let me also remind you that quite recently, in February of this year, I chaired the Presidium of the Council for Economic Modernization and Innovation. This presidium (it was held in Belgorod) was dedicated to the development of advanced developments in the field of industrial biotechnology, so now it has passed into the mode of direct activity of the Government. I hope that this work will be extended from the federal to the regional level.

The adopted decisions should contribute to the early formation of the base of national standards in this industry.Rosstandart even created a special technical committee for standardization called “Biotechnology”. Of course, various instructions were given to develop energy sources that work on the basis of biological mass.

D. Medvedev: “We were just told that after a number of production decisions on the placement of bioclusters, including here, the competition for the relevant specialties has grown.”

All these projects require coordinated work of all federal executive authorities together with the regions. I think that a number of regions here can be used as pilot or advanced ones, including, of course, the Kirov region. There are all conditions for this. My colleagues have now assured me that the intellectual potential that was created during the Soviet period has not been wasted, even in spite of the difficult times. It is very important to involve now in this work everyone who is ready to do this.

We have gathered at the university. It’s good that they are also engaged in biotechnology here, this is now one of the basic departments, as I was told.It is imperative that young people also pay attention to this sector. By the way, we were just told that after the adoption of a number of production decisions on the placement of bioclusters, including here, the competition for the relevant specialties has grown. Young people are now very pragmatic, they will not go to work where there are no job prospects and where they do not pay money. Everyone needs to think about this, including, of course, business representatives.

In general, in order for us to succeed, we need a constant productive dialogue between business and the authorities on this matter, I emphasize, not only at the federal level, but also at the regional level.I am sure that the BioKirov forum will be a very modern and interesting platform to achieve this goal. Good luck to everyone!

Crimson Thicket – Quest – World of Warcraft

Find Lilria Dawnwind in Dawn Ravine.

Description

If you are heading east, I have a request for you.

While we were setting up camp, some of our caravan set off to explore the outskirts of the city. Lilria The Wind of Dawn hasn’t returned for a long time …

If you look for her, my gratitude will know no bounds. She said she would go to the ruins in Dawn Gorge.

You come in handy, | 3-6 (Draenei).

Awards

You will receive:

Additional rewards

After completing this quest, you will receive:

Enter this in the chat to see if you have completed it:

 / run print (C_QuestLog.IsQuestFlaggedCompleted (42223)) 

Additional information

Contribute

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Please enter the link to the video in the field below.

Wowhead Client is a small piece of software that we use to keep our database up to date. Wowhead Client users get access to additional tools on the site.

The two main goals of Wowhead Client:

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90,000 Aborigines dug the roots of business culture

New research confirms that a person’s picture of the world is predetermined by his language. Because of it, people perceive differently the categories of space, time, norms of morality and justice, which is reflected in culture in general and business culture in particular

Aborigines in Australia do not distinguish between “right” and “left”, but they are perfectly oriented to the cardinal points . .. Photo: AR

The picture of a person’s world is predetermined by the language he speaks.The hypothesis of linguistic relativity, put forward back in the 1930s by the Americans Sapir and Whorf, according to which the structure of language determines thinking and the way of knowing reality, is supported by an increasing number of studies in the field of cognitive science – the totality of the sciences of thinking, writes a psychologist from Stanford University Lera in an article in the Wall Street Journal. Boroditsky (Lera Boroditsky). For example, native speakers of languages ​​where there is no spatial division into “right” and “left” demonstrate fantastic abilities in orientation to the cardinal points.Speakers of different languages ​​perceive not only space in different ways, but also time, cause-and-effect relationships, the concepts of morality and justice, and this, in turn, cannot but be reflected in culture in general and business culture in particular. As the Sinologist Sergei Mstislavsky noted in an interview with BFM. ru, in the business sphere, “the Chinese structure of thinking differs from the European one with a different emphasis,” which he associates with the specifics of the Chinese language.

The way speakers of different languages ​​convey different shades of information about the world around him, Boroditsky illustrates the well-known Russian audience thanks to Marshak’s translation of Lewis Carroll’s poem “Humpty Dumpty Sitting on the Wall …”.In the original English, the verb indicates the past tense, unlike, for example, Indonesian, where the verb has no tense category. In Russian, in addition to the past tense, the verb is also characterized by an imperfect form and gender. A person reproducing the same poem in Turkish in a special verb form makes it clear where he got the information that Humpty Dumpty was sitting on the wall – whether he watched it himself or knows from the words of eyewitnesses. The Turkish speaker will use different verb forms depending on the reliability of the reported fact.

Does this mean that speakers of English, Indonesian, Russian or Turkish construct reality differently due to differences in the structure of languages? Many spears have been broken around this one. The notion that language can define how we see the world has long seemed unprovable at best and false at worst. But in the past decade, scientists who study the relationship between language and thought processes have made significant progress in their research.In particular, it has been proven that bilinguals, people who speak two languages ​​equally well, when switching from one to another, start thinking differently. In other cases, under the influence of linguistic features, people acquire amazing extra-linguistic abilities.

For example, in Australia there is a tribe whose language is devoid of the concepts of “left” or “right”. The aborigines correlate the position in space with the cardinal points, producing, for example, the following phrases: “An ant is crawling along your southwestern leg. “”Hello” in this language sounds like “where are you going?” The answer might be “far to the southeast. And you?” And if the interlocutor is poorly oriented in the cardinal points, he will not be able to respond to a kind greeting.

When describing a position in space in absolute terms (north, south, west-east), and not relative (left-right), the speakers of every third of the existing languages ​​operate in total. A consequence of constant linguistic orientation training is the ability of speakers of these languages ​​to stay on track and understand where they are.At first, these navigational capabilities even seemed to scientists beyond human capabilities, Boroditsky writes.

To test how the Australian aborigines understand the concept of time, Lera the Borodistki and her colleague Alice Gaby (Alice Gaby) went to the representatives of the same tribe. They were shown a series of pictures describing an action stretched out over time (the same person at different ages, a growing crocodile, eating a banana). Aborigines, who were asked by the researchers to alternately sit facing north, south, west and east, had to arrange the pictures in the correct chronological order.It turned out that if the subjects looked to the south, time for them flowed from east to west, that is, from left to right, if they were facing north, then from right to left. When the natives were seated facing the west, the passage of time, in their opinion, was directed towards their body. Naturally, the Beardists did not need to explain to the Australians where this or that part of the world is – the aborigines established this without her prompting.

English speakers in a similar experiment placed pictures from left to right.It can be assumed that the Russian-speaking subjects did the same. For Hebrew speakers, the chronological order was reversed – from right to left, because that is how they read. In Mandarin Chinese, the future may be below and the past may be above. That is, where an Englishman and a Russian say “only good awaits us ahead”, the Chinese will use the phrase “only good awaits us from above. ” For native speakers of the Aymara language in South America, the upcoming events on the coordinate axis are in the back, and the past ones are in the front.

In addition to space and time, languages ​​leave an imprint on how people speak them interpret cause-and-effect relationships. English speakers tend to describe events in relation to agents of action, such as reporting that John broke a vase, even if it happened by accident. In Chinese or Spanish, the phrase “vase has broken” will usually be used to convey the same meaning. “These differences between languages ​​have a profound impact on how the speaker perceives and remembers events and the causal relationships between them, who and to what extent he considers the agent of this action,” writes Lera Boroditsky in an article in the WSJ.She does not rule out that language can influence the priorities in the legal system. In English, the emphasis is on the agent, so the main criterion for the administration of justice is to find and punish the perpetrator, and not to compensate the victim of the crime – this is a different approach.

Obviously, the Stanford psychologist’s assumption can be extended to business culture as well. Sinologist Sergei Mstislavsky shared his experience of communicating with entrepreneurs from the PRC with BFM.ru. In China, the value of a written agreement is much lower than in Europe.Papers only supplement verbal agreements, never replacing them. “For the Chinese, the voiced agreement is more important than any paper. The expression “to sign an agreement” in Chinese consists of two characters: “chen ding”. “Chen” is a mark, and “ding” is a clear decision. In turn, the hieroglyph “din” consists of two parts, one of which means “speech”, the other – “nail”. It means that there is an oral component that is simply recorded on paper. ” The Chinese think in blocks of hieroglyphs. To understand what they think, you need to imagine these hieroglyphs, what they consist of, their etymology and internal meaning, says Mstislavsky.

Russian businessmen do not understand this peculiarity, believing that since the agreements have been signed, then everything is fine, although the problem may be in the “oral part” of the agreement between the parties. In addition, the Chinese very rarely show dissatisfaction in public, valuing established communication with a partner. “If any problems arise, the Chinese businessman does not seek to disrupt communication, but tries to find a workaround to solve them. The Russians are perplexed: everything seemed to be good and beautiful in words, the Chinese partner smiled, and then some kind of nuisance emerges, ”says Mstislavsky.”Language reflects a certain structure of thinking, and a person who speaks Chinese, especially since childhood, is naturally the bearer of this structure of thinking.”

Russian speakers have a richer picture of the world due to the color palette. We distinguish blue and blue faster and better than people whose native language is English. This was revealed by a study conducted by scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It showed that native speakers of English can also distinguish blue from blue, but they do not need this, because in their language they use one word to describe both colors – blue (the experimenters did not take into account derivatives like sky blue or navy blue). In the Russian language, where there is no single word for naming blue and blue colors, such a distinction is mandatory.

“There is a blue-blue difference only in every 20th language on the planet. The people who speak them live mostly in the northern hemisphere, ”said US researcher Angela Brown at Ohio University. The reasons are not yet clear, scientists suggest that residents of northern latitudes are better at distinguishing different shades of blue due to some physiological characteristics.An indirect confirmation of the validity of this hypothesis is the lack of distinction between blue and green in the language of many peoples living in the Southern Hemisphere. The combined color, which is available to their perception, the researchers called “grue” – a combination of the English words “green” and “blue”. Obviously, bright sunlight damages the cornea or lens of the eye, resulting in tropics no longer distinguishing between blue and green, which over time is reflected in the language, Brown suggests.

The world seems even less bright to the Pirahã tribe living in the Amazon.From the depths of centuries to our time, the Indians – there are about 200 of them left – conveyed only one color contrast – “dark-light”. Piraha manage to do without numbers, in their language there are no subordinate clauses, past and future tense, and, therefore, memory of the past, but there are only 8 consonants and three vowels. In addition to numerals, there are no words in the Piraha language denoting the concept of a set. They are not familiar with abstract concepts, they do not understand what religion or art is, and even the simplest drawing confuses them.For almost a year, the American linguist Dan Everett, who lived among the Indians, tried to teach them to count, but to no avail. “Our heads are arranged differently,” the leader of the tribe reassured the desperate scientist.

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Secret war in Dagestan

On Thursday, the report of the international human rights organization Human Rights Watch “War without war. Violations of human rights in the course of the struggle of the Russian authorities against the armed underground in Dagestan” was published.It contains facts showing systemic mass violations of citizens’ rights, including abductions and torture.

The report of international human rights defenders on massive violations of human rights in this Caucasian republic is being discussed by one of the authors of the study, Program Director for Russia Human Rights Watch Tatyana Lokshina , Board Member of the International Memorial Alexander Cherkasov , Editor-in-Chief of the Caucasian Knot website Grigory Shvedov , lawyer Sapiyat Magomedova and employee of the Hot Spots program of the Memorial Human Rights Center Vladimir Malykhin .

Host – Vladimir Kara-Murza – senior.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: On Thursday, a 100-page report of the international human rights organization Human Rights Watch “War without war. Human rights violations during the struggle of the Russian authorities against the armed underground in Dagestan” was published.

We will ask one of the co-authors of the report, Tatyana Lokshina, to tell us what facts are given in it, and that they testify to massive violations of the rights of citizens.

Tatyana Lokshina: Vladimir, I really appreciate the opportunity to talk with your audience today about what is happening in Dagestan. First of all, because, given the dramatic events around Ukraine, attention to what is happening in the North Caucasus is now very much weakened – weakened in Russia and weakened abroad.

At the same time, the problems that we managed to fix in Dagestan, they, from our point of view, are of an extraordinary nature.And if they are not given due attention, then what is happening in the region can develop into a full-scale crisis.

What kind of violations have we recorded in Dagestan. In Dagestan, for many years there has been a confrontation between state structures and an aggressive armed underground – an Islamist underground. And more and more North Caucasian field commanders have recently been swearing allegiance directly to ISIS, not even to the Caucasus Emirate. And now the state, like any state in such a situation, certainly has the full right, in fact, the duty, to protect public safety and fight terrorism.But the methods used by the Russian security forces in countering the armed underground in Dagestan are illegal. They do not comply with the principle of legality, they do not comply with Russian laws, they do not comply with Russian international legal obligations.

In the course of the fight against the underground, abductions of people, disappearances of people, extrajudicial executions take place, torture is widely used to extract confessions. And in general, speaking in a broader context, in Dagestan today, Salafi Muslims are perceived by power structures as “automatic” suspects.That is, it would seem that there are people who are not suspected of committing a specific crime, there is no evidence against them, there is no evidence of their involvement in the underground, involvement in crimes, but they are simply because they adhere to Salafi Islam, are perceived as sympathizers of the militants. well, or even directly accomplices of the militants.

And what happens to these people? They are put on a special preventive record, which in common parlance in the region is called “vahuchet” – “registration of Wahhabis”, and then their life ceases to be normal.They are constantly pulled – pulled for interrogation, their fingerprints are taken, they are photographed many times (it is not clear why), some are forced to hand over materials for DNA. And all the time they are interested in how they relate to Wahhabism (this term is used incorrectly, broadly and with an inevitable negative connotation), how they relate to the militants, and why they are still not with the militants.

I will quote verbatim one of the people we interviewed in Makhachkala a few months ago.He told us about the peculiarities of the life of the state on the “vahuchet”. And so he said: “They constantly take you to the department and every time they ask you the same questions: where are you going, for what purpose, how do you feel about Wahhabism? not in the woods yet? Why aren’t you with the militants? “And this man told us:” I get the feeling that the police themselves are pushing me, literally driving me into the forest, not giving me a way. And I’m not alone, the same thing happens with other acquaintances. “

That is, we are actually dealing with a situation where the Salafi communities are under continuous pressure. And people are really literally squeezed into the forest. And this, unfortunately, inevitably leads to the radicalization of communities. And naturally, one of the indirect results of this situation is the growing popularity of ISIS, especially among young people, and the radicalization of local communities. That is, this kind of fight against terrorism, the methods that are used in the fight against terrorism, are in fact counterproductive.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: Lawyer Sapiyat Magomedova got in direct contact with us, she is now in the republic.

Sapiyat, what are the most egregious examples of violations of citizens’ rights that come to your mind from among the most recent?

Sapiyat Magomedova: In this case, I can talk about the police, law enforcement and judicial lawlessness, relying solely on my legal experience, let’s say, personal experience. Indeed, in Dagestan, a practice has developed when people are put on a preventive record and periodically taken to police departments, interviewed and fingerprinted. And there are a lot of complaints from citizens that they seem to have done nothing wrong, but at the same time they are periodically disturbed by police officers.

There are a lot of problems in my advocacy – these are negligent colleagues, the courts, and the lawlessness of law enforcement officers. And the rights of citizens exist only on paper, they are not respected.And the most offensive thing in this story is that those people who are supposed to defend the rights of citizens, they themselves violate them. And in most cases, citizens come with complaints about the actions of certain police officers, judges, prosecutors, investigators, although officials of these bodies are called upon to protect and ensure the rule of law, law and order and the rights of citizens.

For example, in recent years a situation has developed in the republic with the non-admission of lawyers to their clients. I have been working in the Bar since 2006.Recently, cases have become more frequent when seconded investigators come to Dagestan to investigate high-profile cases, and the accused in such cases are hidden from lawyers, taken to Vladikavkaz, that is, to other republics, to other regions. And while the lawyer runs after his client across the neighboring republics, you see, he will take the blame on himself. That is, he will be forced to admit his guilt under torture. And no matter how many complaints they write, wherever they turn, there are no results, no one reacts. And this chaos is observed precisely on the part of the seconded investigators.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: Let’s give the floor to Alexander Cherkasov, head of the Memorial Human Rights Center.

Alexander, why exactly Dagestan became a point of trouble, in your opinion?

Alexander Cherkasov: Many circumstances coincided here. First, since the late 1990s, Dagestan has become a place of confrontation between the traditional and Salafi communities. It just so happened that the then head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the republic, Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, was a follower of local Sufi authoritative sheikhs.And he perceived the fight against the Salafis not only as an official activity, but partly as a religious activity. Then there was also preventive registration, Wahhabite lists and so on. And when in 1999 Basayev invaded Dagestan, he did not find support among the population. But after that it became clear that it is easier to fight not with the militants and their accomplices, but with the Salafis who are registered and go to the “wrong” mosques.

Detentions, torture, torture confessions, humiliating torture began.But in the end, in the courts, many of the charges fell apart. And then many of those arrested received short sentences – two years for carrying weapons. And the man, who, excuse me, was put on a bottle after leaving, what will he do? He will take revenge. The vendetta has begun. Some departments of internal affairs in Dagestan were completely shot. The unfolding of the conflict began, in fact, then provoked by about the same thing as now.

Abductions and disappearances of people began to be used as one of the methods of fighting the underground.At first we did not see this, since we were primarily concerned with what is happening in Chechnya. And when they saw it, it became clear that this was a nightmare. They tried to fight this both by legal means and by addressing the authorities of the republic. And now Magomedsalam Magomedov, who became president of the republic, for some time adopted and led a “new course” in the republic, namely, to fight terrorism, and not to fight “wrong” believers. There were two main components. First, stop pushing people into the forest. Secondly, to give them the opportunity to get out of the forest.On the one hand, the Commission on the Adoption of Militants, which worked in public, worked with the use of television – so that young people could see what it was, and on the other hand, an end to the powerful pressure on the Salafi parishes.

It ended (in my opinion, it was in the spring of 2012) with a certain statement of a joint meeting of the authorities of the Sufi and Salafi communities that all issues should be resolved by peace. And how did it end? It ended, firstly, with the fact that the terrorist underground pressed on the situation.One of the most famous local Sufi sheikhs, Said-afandi Chirkei, was blown up. On the other hand, just in 2012, “Khankala”, a temporary operational grouping of departments and divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, was withdrawn from Chechnya to Dagestan. And the same militiamen seconded from Russia, whom they hid in the “Khankala” in Chechnya, since the main work there was carried out by the Kadyrovtsy, got complete freedom of action here.

And then the Olympics approached. And apparently, the siloviki were given complete freedom of hand. Then the president was replaced, now the head of the republic is Abdulatipov.The “new course” was forgotten. And the fight against the underground gave way to the fight against “wrong” Islam, and with all the same consequences that Tatyana was talking about now.

Tatiana Lokshina: Probably, here you need to understand that this period – Magomedov’s “new course” – lasted about two years. And during these “about two years” the Salafis could breathe. They stopped raids on mosques, stopped detaining women on the street for hijab, stopped detaining men on the street for their beards. Salafi business flourished, some Islamic cafes, Islamic shops, schools, kindergartens were opened.People were given the opportunity to live a normal life, they were in dialogue. And this short period passed under the auspices of the dialogue. And I must say that closer to the Sochi Olympics it has already become obvious that the dialogue is actually yielding results. Because the level of violence – the number of people who died in armed clashes between the security forces and the underground – has dropped by 15 percent. And this is a very large figure. And if this course were further developed, if they continued to use soft, not hard power, then one could hope for very serious progress in the next few years.

But the Olympics were approaching, the authorities feared terrorist attacks, and they had reason to fear terrorist attacks at the Olympics. Actually, such attacks were declared at that time by the head of the Caucasus Emirate Umarov. And the decision was made: “Enough, we will interrupt the dialogue, we will return to hard power.” And this is what we are dealing with today.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: Let’s connect our colleague Grigory Shvedov, editor-in-chief of the Caucasian Knot website, to the conversation.

Grigory, do you agree that the Sochi Olympics played a fatal role in the situation in Dagestan?

Grigory Shvedov: Of course, the policy of hard power was chosen largely in connection with the need to demonstrate complete control over the region during the Olympics.

But there is another side to the coin. The fact is that all the numerous, maybe even all gross violations of human rights have a different expression. If we look at the statistics for 2014 and compare it with the statistics for 2013 (and the “Caucasian Knot” weekly counts all the wounded and killed in the Caucasus regions, in particular in Dagestan), we will see that in 2014 the number of victims of the armed conflict decreased more than 50 percent.We consider both civilians and Russian security officials and militants. And it is important to note that it is precisely among those people who are called militants that this decline is the least significant – 4.7 percent. But it is precisely the decrease in the number of killed and wounded, it seems to me, in the eyes of people who give criminal orders, bless the practice of torture, abduction, and murder; such a result justifies the actions that are now being carried out on the territory of Dagestan. And we see that in the first quarter of 2015, the number of killed and wounded is again decreasing compared to 2014.

Another thing is that in many respects these quantitative parameters probably indicate not an increase in the effectiveness of the Russian special services, but that many potential militants are pushed not only into the forest, as Tatyana said, but also, as it were, into a remote forest. Indeed, many have left for the territory of Syria, Iraq, and many are now fighting there. But what is happening in the context of pushing potential militants and militants from the North Caucasus to the territory controlled by ISIS may have consequences that no one has calculated now.And the consequences are the return of these people to the territory of the Russian Federation. And I believe that such a return is likely to take place.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: We have another guest – Vladimir Malykhin, an employee of the Hot Spots program of the Memorial Human Rights Center.

Vladimir, what role is played by the criminal practice of harsh “clean-up operations” that are taking place in the republic?

Vladimir Malykhin: As Grigory Shvedov said, there is a possibility of militants returning from Syria, from Iraq to Dagestan.And this practice of tough “cleansing”, which is used in Dagestan, may contribute to the formation of a kind of mobilization reserve in Dagestan, which field commanders returning from the Middle East will use to blow up the situation in the North Caucasus and in Dagestan in particular.

Personally, I was in the village of Vremenny, where, in the fall of last year, probably the most large-scale “cleanup” was carried out in recent years. And a rather creepy, I must say, impression. The village was simply gutted.There was not a single whole house left, a noticeable part of the houses was demolished, almost all people suffered huge material damage. And many people are terribly offended by what is happening. They are offended by the way the security forces treated them, how they were expelled from their homes. They are offended by the fact that they were assigned numbers for entering and leaving the village. At least a few people I spoke to were very offended by the fact that they were photographed with a number that they had to keep in front of them, in full face and profile.They said: “We are treated in our country like criminals, like prisoners of a concentration camp.” They tried to laugh it off, to talk about it with a laugh, but it was evident that they were terribly offended.

Tatiana Lokshina: In fact, we called this report, which was released today, “War without War” largely due to the fact that we managed to document it just in the village of Vremenny. I myself did not travel to the North Caucasus for several months, we worked very closely in the East of Ukraine, in particular in connection with the armed conflict.And finally, I managed to go to Dagestan and get to the Temporary at the beginning of January this year. And in the fall I made one attempt to get there, but, unfortunately, we were stopped by the security forces. And we could not get there at the beginning of the special operation. The special operation lasted more than two months. And then the people finally returned to their village. Because during the special operation, the entire population was actually expelled from there: first, all men were ordered by order, then women, old people and children were gradually squeezed out. And now people, finally, more than two months later, return to their homes in winter – and realize that they no longer have a home.

We heard about it, read it, we knew about it, in particular thanks to you. But when I got to the Provisional in January, the only thing that crossed my mind was: “My God! This is really very similar to some of the settlements that I just saw in Donbass. Only in Donbass there is a war, but here it seems as there is no war, here are the destroyed houses, here are more than a dozen houses that were razed to the ground, which were blown up, here are the looted houses, completely destroyed infrastructure.And people who have nowhere to go. “

And I remember very well that in one of the interviews I took in the Provisional one, a woman with tears in her eyes told me that day after day they went to the administration in Makhachkala, tried to get some compensation, to get them recognized as forced migrants. Because they were kicked out of the house, they have nowhere to go. And now the matter is approaching the New Year … But I feel sorry for the children. And they are trying in the administration to get a meeting with some official from the Ministry of Education in the hope of begging the children for the most modest gifts – pencils, books – something. It’s a pity for the children – everyone has a New Year. Everyone has a Christmas tree, but these won’t have it?! .. And so they sit in the corridor and wait, as if they were promised that the official would meet with them. They are waiting, waiting, waiting … And finally, it’s already in the evening, they are told: “No, you don’t wait, because she is at an important government meeting, they are discussing help for the New Year to the children of Donbass.” And this woman says to me: “Of course, the children of Donbass, the war … It’s a pity. But why doesn’t anyone feel sorry for our children ?! Why doesn’t anyone think about our children ?!”And so people are knocking the soil out from under their feet in this way.

And I must say that many of those who suffered in Vremennoye due to the special operation of the end of 2014 are people who initially suffered from a similar, albeit smaller-scale special operation in Gimry in the spring of 2013, lost their homes, and were forced to go down to the Provisional, and began to live there again, somehow settled down. Because they had no other choice. And they were deprived of their home a second time. And what should these people think? How should these people feel? Why do they seem to have a war, but in fact, there is no war?

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: How typical is the situation with the village of Vremenny for the republic as a whole?

Sapiyat Magomedova: Previously, members of illegal armed groups, militants were taken alive, by torture they were forced to sign some papers, confessions.They could be held criminally liable. They could receive either a suspended sentence or a short term for this, but the person remained alive. But lately (it seems to me that it started before the Olympics), roughly speaking, they have already stopped lisping around with persons who, in the opinion of law enforcement agencies, are involved in committing terrorist crimes and extremist activities. And during special operations these people began to be killed. And no one will prove whether this or that person who died during the special operation was a terrorist, Wahhabite, or militant, whether he had anything to do with what the law enforcement officers accuse him of.He will not be able to prove it, since he was killed. The relatives are intimidated. Some try to prove, make statements and complaints, but they are immediately pressured, and they stop appealing, thinking about their own safety.

And recently there have been more cases when militants are killed during special operations. But law enforcement officers call them militants. And no one demands facts or evidence to support this version of law enforcement officers. The mass media write: during a special operation such and such a militant was killed.And the proof that this is an action movie is another story.

As for the Temporary. There were many appeals and complaints that lawlessness was being done there. But I did not track this situation. I read in the media that residents complain that their rights are being violated, that they are forced to live with relatives, that there is a rude attitude from the security forces, bullying and so on.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: Does the population’s distrust of the authorities, sometimes corrupt, aggravate the situation?

Alexander Cherkasov: Dagestan is one of the most disadvantaged places in Russia when it comes to corruption.Moreover, corruption in all spheres: medicine, education … Dagestan is a place where there are really many believers who do not really like the official religious authority and the life around. And for some reason this life gives a lot of reasons for dissatisfaction. And the impetus is the injustice that is everywhere. And people are pushed not only into the forest. Tatiana just talked about gifts for the New Year. Sorry, New Year is not a Muslim holiday. In Chechnya, in the late “Maskhadov period”, Wahhabis came to schools and said: “We will not let you arrange a Christmas tree.”And they were sent: “Why are you stopping us from celebrating this ?!” People held on to it as part of their way of life. If women here asked for gifts for the New Year, it means that these are by no means hardened Salafis. But they are pushed out of life to where they are then looking for enemies, and discord is growing. Injustice is also here.

In Dagestan, the civic consciousness of people, the understanding that something needs to be done, is very great. People talk to each other about not being well, about the need to do something. And not only to go to the current government, which is not very pleasant, but something needs to be done.And why should people be prompted with such obsession: “There is a way out there”? This may sound deliberate, but in reality it is just a headless system that goes back to the beginning of this big war. The “cleansing” of the Provisional is most similar to the harsh “cleansing” operations of the beginning of the second Chechen war. The disappearance of people, and the detainee, the kidnapped has very little chance of returning alive – this is also similar to the beginning of the second Chechen war. This is a return to the worst practices of brute force. There is no war there now. But on the one hand, there are people who know what war is.Many security officials from the North Caucasus were also recorded in the Donbass and losses among parts of the North Caucasian Military District. On the other hand, there are people receiving military practice in Syria and Iraq. Objectively, one gets the feeling that the powder keg is being filled and the wick is already being lit.

I don’t want to talk about anybody’s malice. There is no intent here. It is a mindless machine that does not analyze its mistakes and does not analyze positive practices. After all, those few years of Magomedov’s “new course”, with the Commissions for Adaptation, with the possibility of the existence of Salafi legal communities – this would seem to be a good argument.An even more convincing argument exists in Ingushetia, where a consistent course, on the one hand, towards counterterrorism “with a human face” and, on the other hand, towards the possibility of legal existence of non-Sufi parishes, was led by Yunus-bek Yevkurov, despite the fact that he was almost killed in the assassination attempt. As a result, Ingushetia, in 2007-2008 one of the most “hot spots” in the North Caucasus, is now almost the quietest republic. This is the long-term path to solving the problem. But here we are faced with the fact that this is a region with posted security officials from Russia who are serving time on a business trip and are reporting on the several months that they spend there.Are they interested in a long-term perspective of several years? After all, we are going to live a long time, we will not separate ourselves from this. And such a return to the practices of the beginning of the second Chechen war sets one up for very pessimistic conclusions.

Tatyana Lokshina: In the cases that we have documented, and we have documented dozens of cases of abductions, disappearances, torture, extrajudicial executions, judging by the information that we received, these cases were involved as federal and local security forces.That is, I would not talk about the responsibility of exclusively federal power structures.

Indeed, one of the most important problems is that people’s trust in power is at zero at this stage. During Magomedov’s short reign, when there was a dialogue with the Salafis, Salafi moderate leaders could work with young people and say: “This is not an Islamic state, but we are allowed to live, we are allowed to pray. We represent a certain force, they talk to us.” And that was incredibly important.As soon as the dialogue stops, people begin to be put on some kind of illegal accounting that does not have any basis in Russian legislation, they begin to pull continuously. And all this is extremely humiliating. They understand that normal life is over at this place. And what should they do then? Some of our interlocutors in the region said: “We do not know what to say to young people. We do not know how to discourage those who are looking at the forest or Syria, because we no longer have arguments.”

And I would like to emphasize what has already been said by Grigory Shvedov. It would seem that the number of casualties as a result of armed clashes within the framework of the conflict in Dagestan decreased in 2013 compared to 2012, decreased in 2014 compared to 2013, it seems to be decreasing even now, and has dropped very significantly. But we hear more and more of young people from Dagestan who leave to fight in Syria, go to the jihad that takes the side of ISIS, and who will return. In the short term, this is probably the decision that can be reported.Have the security forces been killed less? Less. Has the level of violence gone down? It seems to have dropped. But in the long run, this can be a disaster.

A man is being taken away, seemingly on some suspicion. He doesn’t know what the suspicion is. The family does not know where they are taking him. He is detained without observing procedural guarantees by law enforcement officers. This is what we call kidnapping-style detention. The person is being taken away to no one knows where. He has no access to a lawyer. And then readings are knocked out of him.How can a person live with this further? And this is the system. Moreover, those people who are on the so-called preventive register, “vahuchet”, they know that others who were on this register have already been detained, kidnapped, they have already been beaten, some have been convicted in the absence of weighty evidence. Well, if there is no evidence at all, then conditionally. Or they were sentenced to the period that they already spent in pre-trial detention. And they understand that this can happen to them too. It happened to others, so it is likely to happen to you.How can they live in this situation?

At the same time, those activists, lawyers, journalists who run the risk of dealing with cases related to counter-terrorism measures protect the victims, they are at a very serious risk – the risk of their lives. They can be killed. They have already been killed. Some have recently been forced to leave the region precisely because of the death threats. And people have nowhere to turn, they simply have nowhere to go.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: Dagestan is a multinational republic, unlike Chechnya, from Ingushetia.Under Soviet rule, there was a consensus. Is this consensus broken now?

Alexander Cherkasov: Yes, the consensus has been broken. Dagestan is multinational. There, the language of interethnic communication is Russian, because there are many different languages. There were different groups there. The system, under which the representatives of all state-forming peoples were included in the State Council, somehow kept it back. But in Dagestan they know how to speak and negotiate. And if we give the opportunity for political representation at least at the local level, people there know how to do it.People need law, a legal system, they need elections.

Why did Salafi Islam become so widespread in Dagestan? Because there was no legal system needed in the 90s. When our wonderful planned economy collapsed, and from large farms we turned into villages in which there are many individual owners, individual owners, neither Soviet, nor post-Soviet, nor Russian legislation gave people a legal system that would be suitable for resolving disputes between economic entities.And the Sharia, which originated among small artisans, merchants and so on, he gave such a system for resolving disputes. Why did a Salafi community appear in the village of Karamakhi? Because they appeared as people who could resolve disputes. In the same way, the political system is represented by representatives from different nations, under which problems can be solved.

We can name those politicians who were really politicians who represented their peoples and dealt with serious problems. Farid Babayev was killed.The murder was partly investigated, partly the perpetrators fled. Akhmednabi Akhmednabiev, journalist, was killed. Lawyers and journalists were killed. Small, slender Sapiyat Magomedova was accused of beating up two huge policemen. The criminal case was being investigated: either she beat the policemen, or they beat her. And Sapiyat had injuries. Both criminal cases were dropped. Sapiyat continues to work. Murad Magomedov, a lawyer with whom Memorial cooperates, was very seriously beaten recently.

When legal mechanisms do not work properly, violence comes. Yes, there has always been a lot of violence in Dagestan. But there people are ready to speak one language – the language of law, to negotiate. If there is no secular law that allows you to resolve a variety of disputes, if there is no normal secular politics, those democratic institutions that allow you to resolve disputes from the level of the rural community to the level of the republic and higher, this place is occupied by something else, including violence.

Tatyana Lokshina: People are ready to talk.But in order to speak, you need someone to talk to them. And at the moment in Dagestan they do not talk to people. And there are totally egregious examples. Summer 2013 – terrible counter-terrorism measures in Buinaksk, with very serious violations. And the local Salafi human rights activist Zarema Bagavutdinova speaks about them very loudly and convincingly. What’s going on? She is detained, and then she is tried for her involvement in the armed underground. There are a number of accusations, in the course of the case, the charges fall apart, they are dropped, left alone, and she is sentenced to five years in prison for allegedly persuading a certain person to join the ranks of the armed underground, promising to marry him in return.At the same time, the case is completely empty, there is no evidence. But a person is imprisoned for five years because he tries to speak. Zarema Bagavutdinova, if I remember correctly, was recognized as a political prisoner by the Memorial Human Rights Center.

Alexander Cherkasov: Yes. And precisely because she was convicted not for her views, but as formulated in the arrest warrant – for her human rights activities. When a person representing a seemingly radical religious community speaks the language of secular law and tries to translate the situation into a legal channel, he is sent to jail for five years.

Tatyana Lokshina: And two more activists of the Pravozashchita organization – and this is an organization that works specifically with Salafi Muslims, which is trying to convince people to use the mechanisms of Russian law – were forced to leave the republic because they received too serious threats and were just afraid to die. Where do people go? Who will help them talk? And who exactly will listen to them? These are probably the key questions.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: You have named opposition journalists, but, in my opinion, the chairman of the State Radio and Television of the republic and the TV presenter died there.

Alexander Cherkasov: I must say that there were people in power who tried to keep the situation within limits. You spoke about interethnic confrontations. I remember 1999, when Basayev’s invasion of Novolaksky and Khasavyurt districts inhabited by Akkin Chechens was used to prevent Chechen refugees from returning there and to document the situation of ethnic cleansing. Everyone left there, the Chechens were not allowed to return, and the Lak and Avar militia demonstratively destroyed the villages there.

Magomed-Salikh Gusaev, the then Minister of Nationalities, External Relations and Information of Dagestan, literally censored television in my presence, stopping programs that called for pogroms. As a result, the tragedy of the Prigorodny District did not repeat itself in Dagestan, that is, when the deportation of one of the ethnic groups, tens of thousands of people, would have been recorded for decades later. There were people there, including those in power, who understood the importance of dialogue. Magomed-Salikh Gusayev was blown up.There was a good man in power.

There were people capable of dialogue from different sides. Said-Afandi Chirkeisky, after all, authorized a dialogue between the Sufi and Salafi communities. Without his consent, there would be no such possibility. It was blown up by militants. Because the most dangerous for the underground is not an open enemy, not a man with a machine gun and an armored personnel carrier, which demolishes houses and increases their mobilization potential, but more dangerous are those who call for peace. No wonder they tried to kill Yevkurov in Ingushetia.As a result, in Ingushetia, since this course continued, calmly. Dagestan is a very complex republic with many languages. But that is precisely why the skill of speaking one language has been preserved. And he seems to be deprived of this language, leaving only one language – the language of power, the language of an automaton.

Tatiana Lokshina: The authorities believe they are fighting the militants. But, in fact, they are playing into the hands of the armed underground. Because people have lost confidence in the secular government. Because, first of all, young people view ISIS, with its powerful, colorful propaganda, as, perhaps, the only real force that globally opposes the corrupt secular government.And the popularity of ISIS is growing. The popularity of war is growing.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: What conclusions do you draw at the end of your report? Maybe you give some recipes?

Tatyana Lokshina: Well, we have already talked about the conclusions in sufficient detail. As for the recommendations. In general, each Human Rights Watch report contains very detailed recommendations to the authorities and international partners of the state in question.

In this case, our first and most important recommendation to the Russian authorities is very simple: to adhere to the rule of law and international norms in the field of human rights, while implementing counter-terrorism measures. Resisting the armed underground is the responsibility of the state. The duty of the state is to protect public safety. But the protection of public safety cannot justify violations: arbitrary detentions, kidnappings, torture, disappearances, extrajudicial executions. In the context of counterterrorism, this is absolutely unacceptable.This is our very first and foremost recommendation.

It is imperative that the right of detainees to a lawyer of their choice is respected. At the moment, this is not happening in Dagestan. And because of this, the security forces often knock out testimonies from people that do not correspond to reality and, in fact, contradict the interests of counterterrorism.

It is very important that the region has normal conditions for the work of journalists, human rights defenders, lawyers, so that people can be helped to defend their rights, helped to speak.And of course, it is absolutely imperative that the Russian Federation finally responds positively to requests from UN human rights structures, such as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, the Working Group on Forced Disappearances, and so on. And she organized a visit by UN representatives to the region so that they could study the situation and work with the Russian Federation to improve it.

These are just a few of the recommendations included in the report. The report and the video material, it seems to me, quite interesting, accompanying the report, can be found on the website of our organization www.hrw.org. The full version of the report currently exists only in English, although the summary and recommendations have been translated into Russian. And the full text in Russian will appear on the Russian section of the site in just a few days.

Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: We talked about the fact that Ingushetia somehow influences the situation in Dagestan. Does the proximity of Chechnya affect?

Alexander Cherkasov: Ingushetia is not affected. Ingushetia is an example of what can be achieved.Chechnya is a mono-ethnic republic that lacks the principled pluralism that exists in Dagestan. But tough counterterrorism, tough force methods are used there to the utmost extent. And we see a delayed threat there too. Yes, the level of violence is decreasing. But where do the fighters or potential fighters go? And when will they be back? We have been saying for many years that security and human rights are not antonyms, that speaking about human rights, we are talking about a prerequisite for long-term stability and long-term maintenance of security in the region.

The figures mentioned by Tatiana and Gregory prove that long-term observance of human rights norms, the use of methods of soft power, which is based on the separation of those who believe differently and those who commit terrorist acts, they ultimately work for stability … But, unfortunately, so far those who think and live for today, at most – for tomorrow, are winning. And this can bring closer the further catastrophic development of the situation in the region, given the context – given the two conflicts that we are having: in the Middle East and in the East of Ukraine – where people also gain experience of violence, where there are many parts from the North Caucasus.

Vladimir Malykhin: Chechnya is just the only republic in the North Caucasian District, which in the fourth quarter of last year gave a very serious increase in the statistics of victims of the armed conflict. The only republic where this number did not decrease, as in the rest of the North Caucasus Federal District, but grew and grew very sharply. First of all, of course, due to the terrible clash in Grozny, which took place in early December.

90,000 Weapon smuggling in GTA V

After completing Trevor’s story mission “Nervous Ron”, the game will offer the opportunity to purchase various real estate.One of the first four properties to be offered for sale will be Mackenzie Rural Airfield in Grapeseed, where the mission ended. By paying 150 thousand “green” for him, Trevor will have access to two types of missions: air and ground smuggling for the Mexican arms baron Oscar Guzman.

Weapon smuggling is a new subspecies in the large and variegated family of “courier” missions familiar to fans of the GTA series. Near and inside the hangar you will find BF Dune Buggy and Western Cuban 800 specially designed for illegal activities.With their help, you have to deal with the delivery or receipt of goods, as well as the accompanying competition in the oversaturated market for the clandestine arms trade.

The entire series of smuggling missions consists of separate tasks that can be taken at any time. The only thing that the game will not allow is to complete two orders of the same type in a row without interruption: after returning to the base in a car or on an airplane, you cannot immediately reuse it. It will take some time before the corresponding vehicle icon reappears on the map, indicating the opportunity to start the next mission.

However, if you wish, you can easily alternate between air and ground smuggling. When Trevor lands, a buggy ready for new adventures will already be waiting, and during the trip through the surrounding hills and desert, Oscar’s invisible workers will have time to equip your airplane for the next flight. Thus, you can complete as many tasks as you want one after another.

One of the achievements and trophies associated with smuggling GTA V – TP Industries Arms Race.To obtain it, it is enough to complete 10 missions, five of each type, as described below. But you can complete the tasks of the smuggler an unlimited number of times, earning money and honing the pilot’s skills.

Interestingly, according to the original idea, the goods were supposed to be drugs, and not guns at all. This is evidenced by the abbreviation “dtr” ( d rug tr afficking) in the name of the text resources of the game related to smuggling, as well as some files on the site of the Social Club Rockstar Games , whose names still start with “Drug-traffic”.

Moreover, in addition to air (“air”) and ground (“gr”) missions in the resources, you can find an indication of two more options for contraband: “dy” and “sea”. Unfortunately, both files are zero size and contain no information. Therefore, it remains only to speculate what kind of species should have been and why the developer decided to abandon them.

Air contraband

To start an air mission, you need to sit at the helm of a small two-seater Cuban 800 aircraft, which is marked on the radar with an icon.With each successful completion of the flight, Trevor’s account will receive a round sum of $ 7,000, as well as small ($ 125) additional payments for the execution time, accuracy when dropping cargo and, in some cases, for compliance with the flight altitude.

The first five air smuggling missions are unique and introduce all sub-types of this type of mission. In the future, various variations of these five scenarios will be repeated in random order.

Air Trafficking No. 1

Reward: $ 7000
Bonus for accurate reset: $ 125 in the absence of loss of goods
Bonus for time: $ 125 when completing a mission in 4 minutes.10 sec.

A simple order for the delivery of two consignments to buyers. While Oscar on the walkie-talkie brings you up to date, taxi out of the hangar onto the runway and lift the plane into the air – the mission contains a bonus for the execution time, so you shouldn’t lose it.

The location of each customer is marked with a yellow dot on the map. After listening to your partner’s instructions, follow the Alamo Sea southwest to the first drop point in the Great Chaparral area.

In the first mission, this is not necessary, however, during air smuggling, make it a rule to fly low.In some cases, the requirement not to exceed a certain level of altitude, so as not to be detected by the authorities’ radars, will be included in the mandatory conditions of the mission, and failure to comply will lead to the failure of the operation.

Yes, and the drop accuracy is easier to control while flying low above the ground. Usually there is a small amount of cargo on board (its quantity is indicated in the lower right corner of the screen under the line with the number of successful deliveries), but in case of a “miss” you will have to say goodbye to the bonus for accuracy.

When approaching the buyer, you will notice thick signal smoke, and the yellow dot on the radar will change to a wider yellow circle – the product should get into this zone. The aircraft’s cargo compartment will open automatically, you just need to press the or button at the right time to drop the batch of weapons. You can track the landing place of the cargo by the green dot on the radar.

If all goes well, turn north and head to the second location, the Altruist Sect camp on the slopes of Mount Chiliad.To cross part of the Josiah mountain range, you will have to gain altitude. However, the altimeter takes into account the distance to the ground directly below the aircraft, not the altitude above sea level. It is worth remembering this fact for the future and not worrying about it.

After dropping the weapons ordered by the cult followers, turn the aircraft to the east and return to Mackenzie airfield.

Successful landing and parking in the hangar is an essential element of all air smuggler missions.Therefore, try not to ruin the means of generating income during landing, for example, by not slowing down the aircraft speed enough (/) or by forgetting to release the landing gear at the last moment ().

Gallery of the Air Trafficking mission No. 1

Air Trafficking No. 2

Reward: $ 7000
Bonus for low altitude: $ 125 if the altitude is below the maximum allowable
Bonus for precise drop: $ 125 if there is no loss of goods
Bonus for time: $ 125 when completing a mission in 5 minutes.

The task is similar to the previous one, but there are one more delivery points. Also at the time of departure, Oscar will warn that the activities of the smugglers have piqued the interest of one of the law enforcement agencies. Therefore, you need to lie down in the most literal sense – Trevor should not raise the plane above a certain mark on the altimeter (bold horizontal line) in order to avoid detection by government radars.

It is better to fly around counterclockwise, starting with the client closest to the airfield.Once in the air, travel southwest along the northern coast of the Alamo Sea. The first consignee’s truck awaits delivery in the foothills of the Josiah Ridge, near the biker town of Stab City.

From there, head south towards Great Chaparral. The terrain is quite wooded here, so when flying at low altitude, be careful not to get caught in the treetops. The second client is located on the territory of a large crop farm, visible from a distance. His truck is parked next to the rows of greenhouses.

The third point is located far to the southeast, on the shore of the artificial reservoir Land-ect-reservoir in the Tataviam mountains. He is the most difficult of all in this task.

There may be doubts that it will be possible to accurately fly over the mountain and accurately drop the load in conditions of reduced visibility due to signal smoke. In this case, it is worth making a slightly wider arc and entering the point from the southern side, flying over the surface of the reservoir.

Having delivered the last shipment of weapons, you will get rid of the strict restrictions on the height of movement.Go back to the yellow point of your airfield in the north, plant the bird and put it in the hangar.

On the way back, Oscar will talk about the distribution of work responsibilities in their joint venture with Trevor, and also talk about the many competitors in this area of ​​business. A closer acquaintance with the latter will be in the next task.

Gallery of the Air Trafficking mission No. 2

Air Trafficking No. 3

Reward: $ 7000
Bonus for precise reset: $ 125 if there are no miss during bombing
Bonus for time: $ 125 when completing a mission in 6 minutes.

Mexican gang Aztecas, known since GTA: San Andreas , is trying to lure Oscar’s clients. Unfortunately for competitors, their compatriot has a mini-combat squadron under the control of Trevor Phillips, ready to strike from the air.

Instead of crates of goods, Oscar loaded our plane with six bombs, targeting four groups of Aztecs in the vicinity of Blaine County. All places are marked on the game map and mini-radar with red dots, each of which, when approached, will turn into a slightly wider pale red circle – it is necessary to hit it with a bomb.Here, Oscar’s rivals prepare to receive fresh arms shipments and have already sent red signal smoke into the sky.

The first bombing point is located in one of the villages on the northern coast of the Alamo Sea. After taking off from the Mackenzie airfield, take a slightly left and move southwest. Flying over the village of Galili (which can be easily identified by the large L-shaped pier extending into the lake), you will see a plume of red smoke right along the course, rising over the next settlement. We are right there.

If you are well accustomed to work in the previous missions, the task is not difficult: we fly up to the enemy’s location and, being above him, press or to bombard. With a sufficient drop height, when there is a margin of time for the fall of the bomb, its direction can be adjusted with the left stick. To admire the resulting spectacular explosion, you must press the right stick, switching the direction of the camera back.

There are no additional restrictions on flight altitude, as in the previous task, so feel free to use all the advantages of your position in the air.Also, do not expect any serious resistance or attempts to escape from future victims. When flying at low altitude, firearms will be fired from the ground, but this should not cause problems.

Once you’ve dealt with the first target, head west. After passing the Kalafia Bridge in the northwestern part of the Alamo Sea, continue your flight towards the ocean over the Cassidy Creek, which runs along the bottom of the gorge. After passing under the viaduct with the railway, move along the Raton Canyon until you notice two huge arches of the bridge on the Great Ocean ahead.

On your right hand, from behind the mountain, signal smoke will rise from the second point of the Aztecs. Take a course on it and carry out the attack. It may be necessary to raise the plane a little higher so as not to get caught in the treetops.

Having shot at the second group and having taken off into the vastness of the Pacific Ocean, turn sharply to the right. Your path follows the coast northeast to the recreation area at the northern end of Paleto Bay.

The smoke will be visible at a decent distance, which will make it possible to adjust the course in advance and prepare for the application of the airstrike.After that, there will be the longest flight in the mission to the last point. To save time, you do not need to fly around the Gordo mountain range, but fly the plane over it, having risen to a sufficient height.

The fourth collection point for Aztecs is located near an abandoned boat station at Cape Catfish, signal smoke should be visible after Braddock Pass. Enter the target from the north, from the El Gordo lighthouse. After a successful bombing, lie down on a westerly course and immediately lift the nose of the aircraft up to cross the San Shan Ridge and return to the Grapeseed airfield.

Land carefully and taxi into the hangar as usual. If, during the attacks, you do not allow annoying misses that require a turn and re-approach to the target, you will have enough time to meet the 6 minutes required for the bonus.

Gallery of the Air Trafficking mission No. 3

Air Trafficking No. 4

Reward: $ 7000
Bonus for accurate reset: $ 125 with no miss during bombing
Bonus for time: $ 125 when completing a mission in 4 minutes.30 sec.

Oscar has obtained information that the Salvadoran cartel Marabunta Grande is importing weapons by sea and transporting them further by train. Destroying their delivery vehicles will hit the competition hard.

From the Grapeseed airfield, turn south towards your first destination as the train travels from west to east across the Grand Senora Desert. It is better to intercept him now near Sandy Shores, if you first send him west to the boats, then you will have to catch up with the locomotive already near the Ron Alternates wind farm, losing time.

Fly over the Alamo Sea and look for the red dot on the radar. The bomb must be dropped on the train or very close to it so that the entire train derails.

With the first target dismantled, head northwest and head across the lake to the Calafia Bridge. From here, the flight will follow the route familiar from the previous mission: through the Raton Canyon. Follow the river Cassidy Creek until it flows into the ocean.

When you reach the west coast, beyond the Great Ocean highway bridge, you will notice a cluster of five boats, marked with a red dot on the radar.Once over them, release the bomb. It is better to do this from a sufficient height so that the direction of its fall can be corrected. Just do not overdo it, otherwise the projectile cannot be dropped when it is above a certain limit.

After destroying the enemy’s flotilla, unfold the air vessel and return east along the canyon and along the coast of the Alamo Sea. Land the plane at Mackenzie airfield and park in the hangar. It is done!

Gallery of the Air Trafficking mission No. 4

Air Trafficking No. 5

Reward: $ 7000
Bonus for accurate reset: $ 125 with no miss during bombing
Bonus for time: $ 125 when completing a mission in 3 minutes.20 sec.

A business partner has unpleasant news for Trevor: a gang of local villagers settled at his own airfield near Sandy Shores and dared to trade weapons from there. Having thoroughly studied the nature of the companion, Oscar ordered in advance to enhance the destructive capabilities of Cuban 800. Now in our hands is a real death machine, equipped with a carpet bombing system.

From Grapeseed, head left and head towards the abandoned airport in the Grand Senora Desert south of Sandy Shores.The destination will be marked with a yellow dot on the radar. As you approach the airfield, three groups of red dots will appear, denoting parked enemy vehicles: three trucks near the helicopter landing pad opposite the hangar, three aircraft on the main runway and three more on the secondary one.

Enter from the east to the part of the enemy fleet that is located on the main runway. The targets in each group are located in a row, so to destroy all transport units you need to fly over them in almost a straight line.The aircraft ammunition is designed for four air strikes. The set of bombs saved, as usual, will bring a bonus for accuracy.

The optimal flight path is marked on the map. However, it is quite possible to detonate points in the reverse order, as well as in any other order. Don’t be fooled by the activity below – all our goals are static and will not try to hide anywhere. After flying over the northern group of planes and dropping bombs, go to the right to the railway and start a left turn over the town of Harmony.

Then head east on Highway 68 and then northeast along the side runway of the occupied airport. Here is the second group of aircraft, which must be dealt with. Flying over them, drop a new batch of bombs and get ready to direct the plane to the right to reach the last target.

If, as a result of the second bombing, a script video showing colorful explosions is launched, then you will not have time to strike the final blow right away. It will take a sharp turn in the air to return to the third group from the west side.

However, there is an assumption that the script works only in case of a very accurate attack and it is enough to fly over the second target a little to the right so that the bombs fall not directly on the planes, but next to them. Then you will be able to attack the trucks at once.

Once you have dealt with the last group of competing vehicles, head back to Grapeseed. Yes, yes – again landing and parking a clumsy aircraft in the hangar. Congratulations, you have completed the five main missions of air gun smuggling! Further – about earthly affairs.

Gallery of the Air Trafficking mission No. 5

Land smuggling

The ground variant of the smuggler missions is launched by landing behind the wheel of a Dune Buggy parked near the hangar. The vehicle is marked on the radar with a symbol. Trevor’s reward for the completed assignment will be $ 5,000 and weapons (one of five types).

As in the air field, there are five main scenarios for ground missions, the first five tasks introduce the player to them.After their completion, you can continue to engage in land smuggling and further, events will develop according to one of the options presented below with minor differences.

Ground Trafficking No. 1

Reward: $ $ 5,000
Weapon: Pistol

Buggy is equipped with a GPS system and a radio transmitter, thanks to which Oscar will contact you and inform you about the details of the first task. Not far from East Joshua Road in the desert, an airplane should fly over and drop a batch of weapons.Our task is to pick up the package and return with it back to Mackenzie airfield.

But Trevor and his partner are not the only ones claiming a valuable cargo: local rednecks are scouring everywhere in the district, who are just waiting for the opportunity to grab someone else’s property. The countdown timer until they arrive at the point of landing of the goods is in the lower right corner and starts from the mark of 1 min 30 sec. But if you do everything quickly, then you will never even see your competitors in this mission. Additionally, beware of local cops.If you drive too long on an asphalt road, the buggy will arouse suspicions among the law enforcement officers. The result will be a wanted star.

At the beginning of the mission, turn right and exit the airfield onto Seaview Road. Follow it southeast towards the yellow dot on the map, which marks the delivery location. It is located in the Grand Senora Desert between East Joshua Road and Senora Highway, next to Maud Eccles’ house, if you have already met this imposing lady.From a distance, the yellow signal smoke will serve as a good reference point. After the cargo is dropped from the plane, the smoke will disappear, and the point on the map will change color to green.

While Oscar talks about the details of the operation, move calmly down Seaview Road, during which time the police will not disturb you. After completing their dialogue with Trevor, take to the left and rush towards the signal smoke through the Grapeseed fields and the desert, boldly knocking down wooden hedges and cacti along the way. 30-40 seconds should be enough for you to arrive at the place.To pick up a crate with weapons, walk up to it or drive up by car. Getting out of the vehicle is optional.

Having taken your luggage, turn around and go back the same way. If you hesitate with the arrival and acceptance of goods, the mission provides for the appearance of four pickups with competitors, which are marked on the radar with red dots. Having stumbled upon any of the groups, you will have to get rid of the “tail” before you can return to the airfield.

Having finally found yourself at the base and without pursuers, park the buggy in the place marked with a marker where you took the car at the beginning of the mission.Mission completed.

Ground Trafficking Mission Gallery # 1

Ground Trafficking No. 2

Reward: $ 5,000
Weapon: Micro SMG

The Salvadorans from Marabunta Grande somehow got wind of a new shipment location for Oscar. The weapon will be waiting in the village of Galili on the northern bank of the Alamo Sea, next to the large L-shaped pier. You will be accompanied on this mission by a rival car that will appear on the radar as a red dot moving south along Grapeseed Main Street.Trevor’s task is to be the first to get to the goods and pick up the package (otherwise you will have to force it off from the more nimble Latinos).

Drive southwest across the airstrip, across a dry stream and across a meadow until you hit the southern stretch of Grapeseed Main Street and a rusty Karin Rebel pickup with a couple of competitors in the cabin. You can slow down and deal with them here or rush past without wasting time on disassembly.

The place of receipt of the cargo is already very close and the North Calafia Way dirt road leads to it.Enter the village, pick up a crate with a weapon and, turning around, return the same route to Grapeseed. If you didn’t linger to destroy opponents, the clumsy “tail” should remain far behind when Trevor approaches Mackenzie airfield. Oscar will praise you for the work done, park near the hangar and get your well-deserved fee.

Ground Trafficking Mission Gallery # 2

Ground Trafficking No. 3

Reward: $ 5,000
Weapon: grenades (Grenade)

The next delivery is to take place on a farm south of Braddock Pass, between Mount Chiliad and the Great Ocean Highway, although Oscar, for some reason, refers to the San Shan Mountains in conversation.The partner will also warn of the possible appearance of Mexicans from the Aztec gang, which managed to intercept his man in Veracruz. You have one minute and forty seconds to get to the farm before the competition. Again, the requirement to avoid paved roads is in force.

As soon as you see a yellow dot in the north on the radar, take a direction to it. Buggy makes it easy to overcome almost all obstacles, so boldly storm the Grapeseed fields and the hills north of the town, so as not to leave the straight line of the route.Moreover, a detour on paved streets is fraught with attention from the cops. If you do not waste time, you will be in time to your destination in less than a minute, simultaneously with the appearance of the plane.

A crate with a weapon will land on the field, near the covered beds where marijuana is grown. Immediately after receiving it, several red dots will appear in the vicinity of the farm – those who are late for the delivery of the Aztecs will try to recapture the legitimate prey from Trevor. The thicker circles mark the three Mexican vehicles, the smaller dots mark the dismounted competitors.

However, it will not be difficult to get away from them through the hills back to the south. After breaking away from the pursuers, go to the yellow point of the airfield that appears on the radar and park the buggy where usual. If stubborn competitors still continue to chase Grapeseed, go to the hangar and prepare an ambush for them there, destroying all the aggressors who have arrived. Five thousand and a bunch of pomegranates are yours.

Ground Trafficking Mission Gallery # 3

Ground Trafficking No. 4

Reward: $ $ 5,000
Weapon: Pump Shotgun

The next delivery will take place at the old train station off Union Road, east of Grapeseed and the Senora Freeway.As in the second mission, the Karin Rebel of the Salvadorans will rush there in a race with Trevor.

The opponents are incredibly fast this time, so there is a high probability that they will arrive before you. In this case, you will need to recapture their prey from the kidnappers before they get to their base. Shooting at the wheels will slow down their car, but not make them stop; a few accurate shots to the driver’s head will help. Having dealt with his partner, take the box with weapons from the back of the pickup truck, get into the buggy and return to Mackenzie airfield.

On the way back, additional pursuers from among the members of the Salvadoran gang may appear. However, their presence should not cause any special problems: you are already familiar with the recipe to break away from the “tail” or to ambush opponents near the hangar. The reward will be five more “chunks” and a pump action shotgun.

Ground Trafficking Mission Gallery # 4

Ground Trafficking No. 5

Reward: $ $ 5,000
Weapon: Assault Rifle

The pickup location this time is located next to Senora National Park in the desert of the same name, south of Sandy Shores.Again, you have 1 minute 40 seconds to get there before the local vultures, who are well-versed in the area.

After leaving the airfield on Seaview Road, follow this street along the coast of the Alamo Sea southeast towards the desert. Closer to the intersection of the East Joshua Road, Oscar will warn over the radio against attracting the attention of the cops. At this point, you should have more than a minute left. Go right and for about 10 seconds move along the lake shore parallel to East Joshua Road, and then cross the street and the railroad, continuing along the dirt road and further through the desert.

Signal smoke will rise from a group of large white boulders. When Trevor is near the point, you will have about half a minute on the timer. Pick up the cargo dropped from the plane and landed on the parachute. Now our task is to get away from 4 pursuers cars.

Turn around and rush to the northeast – the only direction that will bring you closer to the airfield and will not be blocked by the attackers. Having reached the dirt road along the railway (along which you have already driven part of the route for the cargo), pick up speed and continue moving along it to the northeast until the red dots of the opponents disappear.

If you do this quickly, you should be near the intersection of East Joshua and Seaview Road when the yellow dot of the airfield appears on radar. Turn north and return to the base, avoiding prolonged exposure to the asphalt surface.

Towards the end of the path, a new attack will fall on Trevor’s head. Oscar will report on the radio that he detected movement on the radar – our opponents got hold of a Buzzard Attack Chopper military helicopter somewhere! Thank God, the bird does not fire homing missiles and miniguns, but you better try to get to the airfield by the time the air machine overtakes you.Using the hangar building as a shelter, dismount and remove the only gunner on board – the helicopter retreats on its own. You can also shoot the pilot or shoot down the “turntable” from the RPG.

After getting rid of the aerial threat, get back behind the wheel of the buggy and park near the hangar. This completes five ground smuggling missions.

Ground Trafficking Mission Gallery # 5

90,000 Mombasa, Kenya – all about the city with photo

History

Mombasa was founded by Arab merchants in the 8th century.In 1498 Vasco da Gama met a cool welcome here and was forced to take his caravels to Malindi. In 1502 Vasco returned to Mombasa with 20 ships and a detachment of 1,800 soldiers. This time, the townspeople had to establish relations with the Portuguese, but the agreement was immediately forgotten. In August 1505, Francisco de Almeida burned Mombasa to the ground, but this was only the beginning of its turbulent history. Throughout the XVI century. the city was taken by all and sundry – he even had to survive the raid of cannibals from the banks of the Zambezi.In 1589, the surviving townspeople became subjects of the king of Portugal, on the occasion of which the fort of Jesus was built on the island. In 1696, the Omani Sultan’s fleet appeared at the walls of Mombasa and, despite three years of resistance from the garrison, established control over the city. In the XVIII century. Mombasa was one of the main centers of the slave trade. The Mazrui clan, which actually ruled the city, for a long time chose between vassal loyalty to Oman and the English protectorate. Tired of the treachery of African subjects, Sultan Said made Zanzibar his residence, and his heirs in 1887.gave Mombasa under the auspices of Great Britain. In 1895, the city became the capital of the East African Protectorate, but in 1905 it ceded this role to Nairobi. All this time, Mombasa was nominally considered part of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, moreover, it became legally part of Kenya only in 1963.

It is a city of the Swahili people, although long assimilation has fused the cultural and racial heritage into a harmonious whole. Today Mombasa is the main coastal tourism city in Kenya. The modern deep-water harbor of Kilindini moors cruise ships and container cargo ships, but tourists arriving by train or plane are most likely heading to the beaches north or south of the city.

How to get and get around

Moi International Airport is located 10 km from the center of Mombasa towards Nairobi. Kenya Airways flies to Mombasa from Jomo Kenyatta Airport at least twice a day (from $ 78, 1 hour on the way) . Fly540 (from $ 76) has about the same number of daily flights. There are direct flights to Mombasa from many countries in Africa, Asia and Europe – but not from Russia.

A taxi from the airport to the city costs approximately SHS 1000./ about $ 10, but if your luggage is limited to a backpack, you can walk to the main road A109 and take a matatu to the very center of the city (Kenyatta Av., 50 sh.) . To drive in the opposite direction, look for a car at the intersection of Kenyatta Avenue and Mwembe Tayari Rd. , between Kobil and Total gas stations. Matatu going in the direction of Magongo (Maqongo) and Kwa Hola (Kwa Hola) will do.

The railway station is located in the western part of Mombasa, not far from the center – it is overlooked by Mwembe Tayari Road and Haile Selassie Road (Haile Selassie Rd.) . Trains depart from Nairobi on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays (19.00, class 1 – adults 4405 NIS (about $ 60), children 3-12 years old – 2790 NIS) .

Buses belonging to different companies run between Nairobi and Mombasa day and night (7-8 hours on the way, 800-1800 sh. Depending on the company and the seat in the cabin) . Among the leaders are Modern Coast and Coast Air (air-conditioned) . The vast majority of cars leave from the junction of Accra Road and River Road, the first route is around 7.00, the last at 22.30. There are also cash desks, when buying it will be useful to ask about the availability of an air conditioner and what classes of seats are in the cabin. You should not take a VIP, that is, a separate seat next to the driver: you will not be able to see anymore, and it will be more difficult to get out. If possible, ask to be shown the bus. Many travelers are wary of taking night flights, but according to the author, they are the most comfortable ones. In the northern part of Mombasa, the extension of the A109 highway is Kenyatta Avenue (Kenyatta Av.) , which leads to a small square with a Kobil gas station.There it meets Mwembe Tayari Rd. and forms the local bus district.

Sightseeing Mombasa

The appearance of old Mombasa took shape at the end of the 19th century, when the fee flooded with Europeans and people from the Asian dominions of Queen Victoria – Hindus, Malays, and Chinese. The narrow streets of the Old City were dominated by Arab traditions, which became the basis of Swahili culture. Long clothes, closed faces of women and the obligatory coffee hat on the head of any man – this is the typical look of the inhabitants of these quarters.The mosque is much more common here than the church – all the more you should pay attention to the Anglican Memorial Cathedral in the depths of the site at the corner of Nkrumah Road and Cathedral Rd. (Cathedral Rd.) . At the gates of the temple site there is a huge baobab – a witness to the construction of the temple.

Only 150 m separate the cathedral from the neighboring Treasury Square, or Treasury Square (Treasury Square) . At the end of the XIX century. it was the first “regular” square to be built up with colonial-style buildings.In 1900, the first railway station in East Africa, (later moved), , opened on the square. In the center of Trechery Square, Burhani Garden is green, decorated with a sprawling banyan tree, an oriental pavilion and a bust of Ali-Din Visram, the richest man in old Mombasa.

The last section of the street is named Fort Jesus Rd. . Having time to look at the building of the Supreme Court (High Court, 1902, tower with a clock on the right side) , you find yourself in the square in front of Fort Jesus (Fort Jesus, daily 8.00-18.00, adults / children 800/400 NIS) . The fortress with five bastions was built in 1593-1597. Italian Giovanni Batista Cairato – he is the author of the ancient Portuguese fortifications from the Strait of Hormuz to Mozambique and Malacca. The memorial plate above the main gate reminds of the restoration undertaken in 1635. The fort lost its military significance at the beginning of the 19th century, and then served as a barracks for a long time. In 1895, the establishment of the British East African protectorate was proclaimed here, after which the fortress became a prison, and in 1958 it became a prison.- a museum. In the garden in front of the fort there is an obelisk dedicated to the British Arab riflemen who distinguished themselves in the battles for the village of Gazi (south of the modern beaches of Diani) in 1914. The cannons standing closer to the gates of the fort are interesting: if you look at them from the obelisk, then to the left there will be a 102-mm gun from the British cruiser Pegasus, and on the right there will be a 105-mm gun from the German cruiser Königsberg. The first of these ships was sunk the second on the roadstead of Zanzibar in September 1914. A few months later, the Konigsberg was destroyed off the coast of Tanzania, but the guns of both cruisers were used in land battles until the end of the First World War.An even richer collection of artillery can be seen in the fort, as well as drawings of 17th century Portuguese soldiers. on the walls there is a casemate and a staircase under the arches leading to the old pier.

At the entrance to the fortress, the closed Mombasa club has been located since 1896, and on the opposite side of the square, the main streets of the Old City begin – Ndia Kuu Rd. and Sir Mubarak Hinavy Rd. (Sir Mbarak Hinavy Rd. ) . At the beginning of the first of them (left) , the family cemetery of the Mazrui clan, which ruled Mombasa for several centuries, lurked behind a high fence.

Even on the widest streets of the Old Town, shadow reigns: it is created by galleries stretching at the level of the 2nd and 3rd floors of stone houses. Along with ornate shutters and luxurious carved doors, they are considered the most characteristic features of the local architecture. The oldest buildings lack even these decorations – for example, the two-story White House with battlements along the top of the façade (on Ndiya Kuu Road). The wasteland, to which the White House is facing, gapes in the place where a Portuguese church once stood.If you walk another 100 m along the street, then on the right you will see an alley leading to Lieven’s house – a yellow three-story building with a balcony, built in the 18th century. In 1824-1826. it was filmed by the officers of the British sloop “Lieven”, which hunted for the ships of slave traders – they also arranged Lieven’s stairs to go down to the water. Later, the discoverer of Kilimanjaro Ludwig Krapf lived in the mansion, and at the end of the 19th century. the German consulate was located.

The Lieven stairs overlook the old port of Mombasa.Return to Ndiya Kuu Road, turn left and immediately turn left again, into the second alley. After walking along the wall of Bohra Mosque (Bohra Mosque, on the left side) , you will in a couple of minutes come to Government Square (Government Square) – the former main square of Mombasa. From there you can enter the territory of the port (8.00-17.00, 100 sh.) . Large ships already in the middle of the 19th century. began to use the deep-water parking on the southern side of the island – there are now the commercial port of Kilindini and the naval base.Yachts and boats pass by the old port to the anchorages in the second Mombasa harbor, Tudor Creek. Wooden dhows, the workhorses of the Indian Ocean, are moored to the quays of the old port.

The walk ends well at Sir Mubarak Hinavy Rd. , which begins at the old post office at the southern end of Government Square (to the right of the port gate) . On this street stands the oldest in Mombasa, the Mandri Mosque (Mandhry Mosque) , which has existed since 1570.You will recognize it by the low conical minaret – in the old days it served as a beacon for ships. From there, you can return to the fort or wrap up for dinner at the Rozina House restaurant in the former Africa Hotel on the right side of the street.

On weekends, the townspeople walk in Kizingo on the southeastern side of the island. From Trechery Square you need to walk about 1 km along Mama Ngina Drive (Mama Ngina Dr) . On the way, pay attention to the guarded residence on the left: it is the former summer palace of the governors of Kenya, and since 1963.- the residence of the president (State House Mombasa) . When you reach the intersection of Mama Ngina Drive and Maharet Avenue, find on the right the black and white tower of the Ras Serani lighthouse, built in the 1920s. The streets overlooking the lighthouse turn into open-air kitchens on weekends, with popcorn, hot potato chips, tortillas and other delicacies provided for strollers.

Hindu temples. The oldest Indian colony in Africa lives in Mombasa – colorful temples serve as architectural evidence of this.The most notable is the Lord Shiva Temple in the vicinity of the Old City. As you walk along Nkrumah Road towards Fort Jesus, note Oriental Building (1936) , an Indo-Saracen-style office building with three white domes on the corner. At its door begins Menye Aboud Road (Menye Aboud Road) , on which the temple is located. Sri Swaminarayan Temple is located on Haile Selassie Road, on the way from Tivney to the railway station.All Hindu, Jain and Sikh temples of Mombasa were built at the beginning of the 20th century.

Mamba Village Crocodile Farm (Links Rd., 0 9.00-18.00, entrance adults / children 650/350 NIS) . Africa’s largest crocodile farm, home to 12,000 crocodiles of all ages. The farm opened in 1984 and at the same time acquired the most famous inhabitant – a huge 100-year-old crocodile from the mouth of the river. Tana named Big Daddy. He is given food once a week, on Fridays. Other reptiles are fed daily at 17.00 is the main show on the farm. You can get there by matata from the intersection of Digo Road and Haile Selassie Road.

Mombasa Neighborhood

Sand and palm trees can be found both north and south of the city. To the north, the resort strip stretches to the channel Mtwapa (Mtwapa Creek) – a narrow bay 16 km from Mombasa. This is the North Shore (North Soa St.) , including the beaches of Nyali (Nyali Beach) , Jomo Kenyatta Public Beach , Bamburi (Bamburi Beach) and Shanzu (Shanzu Beach) .You can get there by any bus going in the direction of Malindi from the “bus” Mwembe Tayyari (approx. 100 sh., About 1 hour) . Option: Take a matatu towards Mtwapa at the intersection of Digo Road and Haile Selassie Road (about 1 hr. 80) . Buses and minibuses run along the B8 highway (Malindi Rd.) , all resorts and hotels along the highway are marked with signs. A taxi to Mtvapa costs an average of 1000 s.

The nearest beaches to the south of Mombasa stretch to the town of Gazi (Gazi, 45 km from Mombasa) .This is the South Coast (South Soa St.) , which includes Shelly Beach (Shelly Beach, closest to Mombasa) , Maveni (Maweni Beach) , Tiwi (Tiwi Beach) , the most famous is Diani ( Diani Beach) and quieter Galu (Galu Beach, south end of Diani) . You need to get to the Likoni ferry in the southern part of the city – there are many minibuses running there along the central Digo Road (maximum 10 sh., At stops the driver shouts “Ferry! Ferry!”) .The south remains the only direction not connected with Mombasa by the bridge: the width of the strait and the movement of large ships interfere (the bridge is promised after 2014) . No money is taken from horseless travelers on the ferry, then you need to take a matatu to Diani (about 90 NIS, 1.5 hours) or Ukunda (Ukunda) is the town closest to the beach on the coastal highway. A taxi to Diani will cost 3000-3500 NIS. If you are going to go further, then in Ukunda there is a tuk-tuk (about 15 minutes, 100 sh.) .

While relaxing by the sea, you should remember about such things as ebb and flow (4 times a day) . The strongest fluctuations in the water level occur in April: in the morning you may not find the sea where you have planned to swim in the evening. In April, May and June, rains and storms are frequent, the water is not so clear. The ocean is quietest in the winter months, from December to March, they are considered the best season.

Water and sunscreen should not be forgotten, and a hat is a must.A wide-brimmed panama, like the one worn by Ugandan President Museveni, is best.

In September 2011, a resident of Mombasa was bitten by a shark a stone’s throw from the Old City, but no preventive measures have been observed on the beaches. Do not swim far: large predators tend to stay in deep water, and in addition, there may be strong currents in this area. At low tide, do not pick up the bottom trifle: even mollusks in the tropics are poisonous.

The main trouble that lies in wait for you on the shore is the beach boys (Beach boys) , offering everything from shell beads to a five-day safari in Tsavo.Arm yourself with patience!

At 85 km from Mombasa and only 8 km from the Tanzanian border lies a group of coastal islands – Wasini (Wasini, the northernmost and largest) , Kisite, Mpunguchi, etc. The water area of ​​39 km² around them was announced in the 70s Marine Park (adults / children $ 20/10) . The center of the park is the settlement of Shimoni (Shimoni, matatu from Ukunda about 100 sh., 1 hour on the way, taxi about 3000 sh.) , separated from about. Vasini narrow strait. In the XIX century. the village was a staging post for slave traders, from where the “ebony” was delivered to Zanzibar.In anticipation of a favorable wind, the slaves languished in the nearby caves. At the beginning of 1954 E. Hemingway was fishing in Shimoni. The bad luck that began in Uganda continued to haunt the writer at sea: a fire broke out in the camp, extinguished by the servants with the active participation of the Pope.

More than 300 species of marine fauna live in the waters of the park. Dolphins can be seen from Vasini Channel to the southernmost islets, and from February to March, there is a high probability of meeting a whale shark. Coral reefs begin as early as 4 km from the mainland coast and are considered the best in Kenya in terms of fauna diversity (depths from 4 to 18 m) .The most famous reef Newly (Nyulli Reef) east of about. Vasini. On wild beaches, sea turtles lay their eggs, and the shores are covered with mangroves and forests, which are home to monumental baobabs, monkeys and many birds.

The tour, which includes a day trip to Shimoni, boat trip and swimming, can be bought at any hotel on any beach of the South Shore (from $ 110, excluding entrance fee). At the eastern end of the island. Wasini based underwater club Paradise Divers (+ 254-072605-9801, 07212441443, www.paradisediver.net; office in Diani – opposite Diani Beach Hotel) . This team offers park cruises, snorkeling, diving courses and dives (from 40/60 € without lunch / with lunch) . For those who buy several excursions, “Paradise Divers” provide accommodation, the rest – 0 from 45 €. Fishing within the boundaries of the park is prohibited, but in the strait between the southern reefs and the Tanzanian island of Pemba (Pemba Island) you can fish. Pemba Channel Lodge (+ 254-0722 205-020; www.pembachannellodge.com) offers 9-hour sailings for $ 875.

When to arrive

From June to March, so as not to get into the rainy season.

Don’t miss

• Sailing around the harbor in single-masted boats – it’s impossible to get away without a magical ride on a traditional Mombasa boat.
• Evening train to Nairobi.
• A trip to one or more beaches north and south of the city.
• Arches made of intersecting tusks forming the letter “M” – Mombasa.The decoration was made in honor of the visit of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952
• Walk through the maze of narrow streets and mysterious shops in the old town.

Need to know

North of the city center, on the road to Niali Beach, is the largest crocodile farm in East Africa, Mamba, where you can take an interesting excursion.

90,000 Thor’s Journey to Utgarde – read the myth and legend in full, Scandinavian myths and sagas

Thor often heard that in the east, in the land of giants, there is a wonderful kingdom of Utgarde and that the most powerful wizards live in it, which no one else could win.It is not surprising that he wanted to visit there in order to test his strength. Returning back after a trip to Trim, he immediately began to get ready for the journey, inviting the god of fire to accompany him again. Loki, who loved all sorts of adventures no less than Thor himself, willingly agreed, and both Asa, seated in the chariot of the god of thunder, set off.

The gods rode all day. Finally, when the sun had already hidden behind the mountains, they saw a lonely hut in the field and decided to stop there. Poor peasant Egil lived in the hut with his wife, son Tialfi and daughter Reskva.He cordially received the Ases, but regretted that he could not treat them with anything.

“For two days now,” he said, “we haven’t eaten anything ourselves, and you won’t find a crumb of bread in our house.

“Don’t worry about food,” Thor answered him, “there’s enough for everyone.

He unharnessed both goats from the chariot, killed them and dragged them into the house. Then he skinned them off, and put the carcasses to boil in a larger cauldron. When the meat was ready, Thor invited the peasants to dine with him and Loki. The hungry people happily agreed and eagerly pounced on the food.The gods soon ate and went to bed, but before leaving, Thor spread goat skins on the floor and, addressing the peasants, said:

– I allow you to eat as much meat as you like, but look, do not touch the bones, but fold them all before united in these skins, otherwise I will severely punish you.

“But bones are the tastiest of all,” Loki whispered softly in Tialfi’s ear, before following his companion.

The words of the insidious god were not in vain, and while Egil himself, his wife and daughter exactly followed the order of Thor, Thor, who wanted to feast on the inert brain, split one of the bones with his knife.In the morning, waking up, Thor first went to the goatskins and touched them with his hammer. Both goats immediately, as if nothing had happened, jumped to their feet, safe and sound, and only one of them limped slightly on its hind leg. Seeing this, Thor realized that one of the peasants had violated his ban, and lightning flashed from under his thick knitted eyebrows. He had already raised Mjolnir, preparing to kill the disobedient, but then the whole family of Egil, with a loud cry, threw themselves on their knees in front of him, begging the formidable god to forgive Tialfi.When Thor saw the tears of these poor people and heard their pleas, his anger immediately passed. He said that he would not punish them, but demanded that Egil put both children in his service, to which he gladly agreed.

It was impossible to continue the journey in the chariot until the goat’s leg had healed, so Thor left Tangiost and Tangriznir with Egil, and Lam, along with Loki and his new servants, went on on foot.

Having reached the shores of the huge sea that separates the land from the land of giants, the travelers built a boat for themselves and sailed, heading east.A few days later, at dawn, they already safely landed on the shore of Jotunheim. Then they went on foot again and soon reached a high dense forest. They walked along it all day, but it seemed that there would be no end or edge for it. Evening came, and Thor was already thinking that they would have to spend the night on bare ground, when suddenly he stumbled upon a large hut. This hut had only three walls and a ceiling, but the travelers were so tired that they did not pay attention to it. All four had a quick supper with the provisions that were in Thor’s knapsack and went to bed.

During the night, suddenly there was a thunderclap, and the whole hut shook. Thor grabbed his hammer, and his companions began to look for where to hide. Finally, in one of the walls of the hut, they found the entrance to a small building and hid there, trembling with fear, and Thor stood at the entrance with a hammer in his hands and stood there all night. As soon as morning came, he hurried out and saw a giant sleeping nearby. His mighty snoring shook the ground. Thor immediately put on a magic belt that doubles his strength, and was about to throw a hammer at the giant, but at that time he woke up and got to his feet.He was so huge and terrible that for the first time Thor did not dare to use his formidable weapon, but only asked the giant what his name was.

– My name is Skrymir, – he answered. “And I don’t need to ask about your tribe: you are, of course, Thor. But wait, where did my mitten go?

He bent down and Thor saw that the hut in which they had spent the night was a huge mitten, and the little outbuilding in which they later hid was her thumb.

– Where are you going, Thor? Skrymir asked him.

– I want to visit the kingdom of Utgarde, – answered the god of thunder.

– In that case, let’s have breakfast, – said the giant, – and then, if you don’t mind, let’s go together. I’m just going in the same direction.

Thor agreed. Skrymir sat down on the ground, untied his knapsack, and calmly began to eat. Seeing this, the travelers followed his example. After breakfast, the giant said:

– Let us have your knapsack here, I will carry it along with mine.

Thor didn’t mind.Skrymir put it in his knapsack, tightened it with straps, put it on his back and went. He took such huge steps that Thor and his companions could hardly keep up with him. Skrymir stopped only towards evening. Throwing his knapsack on the ground, he slowly lay down under a huge oak tree.

“I’m so tired,” the giant said, “that I don’t want to eat, but if you want, then untie the knapsack and take everything you need from it.

With these words, Skrymir immediately fell asleep and snored deafeningly. Thor walked over to the giant’s knapsack and tried to untie the straps that held it.For an hour the hungry Ace puffed and sweated, but it was all in vain. Then he flew into a rage and, forgetting all caution, went up to Skrymir and hit him on the head with a hammer.

– It seems like a leaf fell on me from the tree?

– Well, Thor, have you already had dinner? In this case, go to bed. We have a long way to go tomorrow.

And he snored again. Thor, Loki, Tialfi and Resqua lay down under a nearby tree, but they could not sleep. The thunder god was beside himself with anger. In the middle of the night he got up, again went to Skrymir and with a swing hit him with a hammer on the crown of the head.He felt that the hammer went deep into the giant’s head, but he just stretched, yawned and said in a sleepy voice:

– Something fell on me. Probably an acorn. Are you awake, Thor? Is it time to get up now? It’s still quite dark.

– It is still far away from the morning, – Thor answered him, – and you can sleep peacefully. I’ll go to bed again now.

Skrymir closed his eyes again, and Thor, embarrassed, walked under his tree. For the first time in his life he had to meet a giant, against whom his Mjolnir was powerless.Soon it began to dawn, and then Thor decided to try again. He cautiously crept up to Skrymir and hit him with all his might in the temple with a hammer. This time Mjolnir hit the giant’s head up to the hilt. The giant woke up, ran his hand over his temple and exclaimed:

– I chose an unsuccessful place for the night! Probably birds are sitting on the branches of the tree. A whole mote just fell on my head. Hey Thor! It’s time to get up! It was already full day.

With these words Skrymir got up, untied his knapsack, took Thor’s knapsack out of it and gave it to the god of thunder, stunned by surprise.

– Let’s have breakfast, – he said, – and then rather on the road.

The travelers, looking at each other in perplexity, began to eat and ate in two days at once. Then Skrymir walked forward again, with Thor and the others following him. Two hours later, they finally reached the edge of the forest.

– Well, – said Skrymir, – if you still want to get to the Utgarde country to our king, then you should go from here to the east, and I need to go north. Take my advice. I heard you say to each other that you don’t think I’m very small.Know, then, that in the castles of our king there are people even larger than me, so do not rely too much on your strength. Goodbye.

Having said this, Skrymir quickly went north, and the four travelers looked after him for a long time, sincerely wishing never to see him again.

Despite Skrymir’s warnings, the Asses continued on their way and at about noon saw a huge castle in front of them, surrounded by a high iron grate. A gate was made in it, but they were locked. Fortunately, the bars of the lattice were so far apart from each other that all four easily crawled between them.Thor boldly threw open the doors of the castle and entered, followed by Tialfi and Resqua. Loki kept a little behind as a precaution. They found themselves in a huge hall, in the middle of which sat the king of the country of Utgarde – Utgardaloka. Many giants stood near him, and all of them looked in amazement at the newcomers.

– Hello, Thor! – said Utgardaloki slowly. – I’m glad to see you and your companions, but do you know that according to our law only those who prove themselves in some business or art have the right to be here and took first place in it? What can you all boast about?

– In the land of Ases, – said Loki, who was standing behind Thor, – there is no one who would eat faster than me.

“This is a great art,” replied Utgardaloki, “and if you told the truth, you will be surrounded with honor. Now we will arrange a contest for you with one of my people, whose name is Logi.

Utgardaloki clapped his hands, and his servants immediately brought a huge trough of meat into the hall. They put the trough on the floor. Loki and Logi sat down opposite each other and began to eat at a signal from King Utgard. Within a few minutes they met right in the middle of the trough, but Loki ate only meat, while Logi ate both meat and bones, and half of the trough to boot.Therefore, he was declared the winner.

“The gods do not eat very quickly,” said Utgardaloki with a sneer. – Well, what can this young man, who seems to be called Tialfi, do?

“They say in Mitgard that I run the fastest,” replied Tialfi, surprised that the giant knew his name.

“All right,” said Utgardaloki. – We’ll check that too.

Everyone left the castle. Before them lay a field with a wide, well-trodden road. This is where the contest was supposed to take place.Utgardaloki summoned a young man named Gugi from the crowd of his entourage and ordered him to race with Tialfi. Then Utgardaloki waved his hand and the runners rushed forward. Tialfi ran very quickly, but Gugi still managed to overtake him by one step.

“Let’s try again,” said Utgardaloki.

Tialfi and Googie ran again, but this time Tialfi fell behind his opponent by an arrow’s distance. The third attempt was even more unsuccessful for Tialfi. He did not run even half the way, as his opponent was already at the goal.

– It can be seen that they run around in the same way as they eat, – grinned Utgardaloki. – Well, and you, Thor? What can you do?

“Among the Ases, they say that no one can drink like me,” Thor replied.

– This art is so art! Utgardaloki exclaimed. – Well, let’s go back to the castle. There you will show how they drink in Asgard.

Everyone returned back to the hall. Utgardaloki gave an order to his cupbearer, and he offered Torah a long and narrow horn, filled to the brim with water.

“Listen, Thor,” said Utgardaloki, “some of us drain this horn in one go, and most in two. Only the weakest men of Utgard drink my horn in three doses, but of course you will drain it at once.

Although the horn was very long, it did not seem large to Thor. The thunder god put him to his lips and began to pull as hard as he could. Finally he stopped to catch his breath and, to his great surprise, saw that the amount of water in the horn had hardly diminished.

“You left too much for the second time,” Utgardaloki remarked.“Try not to hit your face in the mud now.

Thor again put the horn to his lips and drank until he gasped. However, this time the water in the horn decreased even less than the first.

“You are not drinking well,” said Utgardaloki. – Now, in order to gain glory from us, you will have to show your art in something else.

Enraged Thor tried to drain the horn for the third time. He drank so long that circles began to appear before his eyes, but he did not dry the horns, although now there was noticeably less water in him.

“Enough,” said Utgardaloki. “I think you can see for yourself that we drink differently from Asgard. Tell me better, what else can you do?

“I would gladly show you my strength,” Thor grumbled.

“Please,” replied Utgardaloki. – Young people in my country usually try their strength by raising a cat. Of course, this is not fun for adults, but after you drink so badly, I am afraid that you will not be able to do it.

At that moment a large gray cat entered the hall.Thor approached her, grabbed her with both hands and tried to lift her, but no matter how he puffed, no matter how hard he tried, the cat did not budge and only one of her paws came off the ground.

“As I thought,” Utgardaloki laughed. – Yes, this is understandable: the cat is big, and Thor is small. Where can he raise such a beast!

“I may be small,” Thor cried out, beside himself with anger, “but I still undertake to fight any of you, despite your height.

“Before you fight us,” said Utgardaloki, “I advise you to first try your hand at my old nurse, Ellie.If you overcome her, I am ready to admit that you are not as weak as I think. If she copes with you, you have nothing to think about how to compete with real men.

Then he clapped his hands and called loudly:

– Ellie! Ellie!

At his call, a decrepit, wrinkled old woman entered the hall and asked what he wanted.

“I want you to fight my guest,” replied Utgardaloki. “He bragged about his strength, and I’m interested to see if he can handle you.

Thor grabbed Ellie across the torso and wanted to immediately put her on both shoulder blades, but she resisted and, in turn, squeezed him so hard with her hands that he caught his breath. The more Thor tried, the stronger the old woman became. Suddenly she tripped him, and the god of thunder, who was not expecting this, fell to one knee.

Utgardaloki, it seemed, was very surprised, but he did not betray this in any way and, turning to the god of thunder, said:

– Well, Thor, now you yourself see that you have no need to measure strength with us, you cannot stay longer in my castle.But I’m still too hospitable host to let you go hungry, so let’s have lunch.

Thor silently bowed his head: he was ashamed that he could not utter a word.

Utgardaloki treated his guests to glory, and after dinner he went to see them off. When they left the castle, he asked:

– Well, Thor, are you satisfied with your journey and did you like it with us?

“I liked it with you,” Thor answered, “but I cannot say that I was pleased with my stay in your country.No journey has ever ended so ingloriously.

– And I, Thor, did not even suspect that you were so powerful, – said Utgardaloki, smiling, – otherwise you would not see my castle! Now that you have already left it, I can reveal to you that you were deceived from the very beginning. The giant Skrymir who met you in the forest was myself. You could not open my knapsack because the straps on it were riveted with iron, and when you beat me with your hammer, I slipped you a piece of rock instead. Maybe you noticed in my castle a large stone with three deep depressions? These are the marks of your blows.Loki ate very quickly, but Logi, with whom he competed, was fire itself, and you know that fire is the most gluttonous in the world. Tialfi is a wonderful runner, but he could not overtake Googie, because Googie is a thought, and a thought is faster than any runner. The horn from which you drank was connected with the other end to the world sea. Of course, this sea cannot be drained, but you have drunk so much water from it that it has become shallow, like during the strongest ebb tide. It was not the cat that you raised, but the Mitgard snake. She wraps around the world in a ring, and you raised her so that she only touched the ground with the tip of her muzzle and the tip of her tail.You passed the hardest test when you fought old Ellie. Ellie is old age. You know that she puts any person on both shoulder blades, but you fell in front of her only on one knee. Now, Thor, I myself am convinced of your strength, and with all my heart I wish never to see you again. Goodbye!

Red with rage, Thor grabbed his hammer, but Utgardaloki suddenly disappeared.