Siyon lowe. RPI Dominates Second Half to Defeat Bard in Liberty League Lacrosse Opener

How did RPI pull away from Bard in the second half of their Liberty League lacrosse match. What record did Bard’s goalie Lyle Healey set during the game. Which players stood out for both teams in the high-scoring contest.

RPI’s Offensive Surge Overcomes Bard’s Early Resistance

In a Liberty League men’s lacrosse opener, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) faced off against Bard College at Dietz Stadium in Kingston, New York. While Bard managed to keep pace in the first half, RPI’s offensive firepower proved too much to handle as the game progressed.

The Engineers started strong, netting the first two goals of the contest. However, Bard’s resilience shone through as they managed to tie the game at 2-2 by the end of the first quarter. John Palermo and Corey Rich found the back of the net for the Raptors, with Rich’s goal particularly impressive – a no-look bounce shot that sailed over RPI goalkeeper Parker Smith’s far shoulder.

Bard’s Early Resistance

Despite RPI’s four-goal run to start the second quarter, Bard refused to back down. Peter Sojka and Devon Wall each scored unassisted goals in the final minutes of the half, narrowing RPI’s lead to 6-4 at the break. This competitive first half set the stage for what promised to be an exciting conclusion to the match.

Lyle Healey’s Record-Breaking Performance

One of the most notable aspects of the game was the outstanding performance of Bard’s sophomore goalie, Lyle Healey. His efforts in the first half were particularly impressive, with 10 saves in the first quarter alone and a total of 17 saves by halftime.

By the end of the game, Healey had shattered Bard’s single-game record for saves, stopping an astounding 29 shots. This remarkable feat kept Bard competitive for much of the game and highlighted Healey’s skill and determination between the pipes.

Significance of Healey’s Record

• Demonstrates Healey’s exceptional reflexes and positioning
• Showcases the intensity of RPI’s offensive pressure
• Sets a new benchmark for future Bard goalkeepers to aspire to

RPI’s Second-Half Dominance

The Engineers came out of halftime with renewed focus and energy, quickly taking control of the game. Their strategy of limiting Bard’s possessions while maximizing their own offensive opportunities paid dividends.

RPI outscored Bard 3-0 in the third quarter, extending their lead to 9-4. The Engineers’ dominance continued into the fourth quarter, as they netted four more unanswered goals before Bard’s Peter Sojka finally broke the streak with less than five minutes remaining in the game.

Key Factors in RPI’s Second-Half Success

1. Improved ball control and possession
2. Efficient offensive execution
3. Stifling defense, limiting Bard’s shooting opportunities

Standout Performers for RPI

Several RPI players made significant contributions to the team’s victory. Freshman Connor Schnapp led the charge with an impressive five goals and one assist, showcasing his scoring prowess and playmaking abilities.

Siyon Lowe and Jordan Gans also stood out for the Engineers, each netting two goals to help secure the win. The trio’s combined offensive output proved too much for Bard’s defense to handle, particularly in the second half.

RPI’s Statistical Dominance

• Total shots: RPI 61, Bard 24
• Ground balls: RPI 40, Bard 27

Bard’s Notable Performances

Despite the loss, several Bard players put forth commendable efforts. Corey Rich and Devon Wall each contributed a goal and an assist, while Peter Sojka found the back of the net twice. John Palermo also added a goal to the Raptors’ tally.

On the defensive end, William Buffuto led Bard with five caused turnovers, disrupting RPI’s offensive flow on multiple occasions. Freshman Jack Kaplan also made his presence felt, scooping up seven ground balls to give his team additional possessions.

Implications for the Liberty League Season

This opening league match sets the tone for both teams as they continue their conference schedules. For RPI, the convincing victory establishes them as a force to be reckoned with in the Liberty League, improving their overall record to 4-1 and starting their conference campaign at 1-0.

Bard, while facing a tough loss, can take solace in their competitive first-half performance and the record-breaking efforts of their goalie. The experience gained from this high-intensity match should serve them well as they look to improve and compete in future Liberty League contests.

Looking Ahead

• RPI: Builds momentum for upcoming conference matches
• Bard: Identifies areas for improvement and growth
• Liberty League: Gains insight into the competitive landscape for the season

The Role of Home Field Advantage

The game took place at Dietz Stadium in Kingston, New York, which served as the home field for Bard College. While home field advantage can often play a significant role in sports, particularly in college athletics, it wasn’t enough to overcome RPI’s second-half surge in this case.

However, the familiar surroundings and supportive crowd likely contributed to Bard’s strong first-half performance and may have played a part in Lyle Healey’s record-setting game in goal. The energy of the home crowd can often inspire players to elevate their game, as was evident in Bard’s early resistance against the favored RPI squad.

Factors Influencing Home Field Advantage

• Familiarity with the playing surface and environment
• Reduced travel fatigue for the home team
• Supportive crowd providing emotional boost
• Potential psychological edge over visiting teams

The Impact of Special Teams and Situational Play

While the box score doesn’t provide specific details on special teams play, such as man-up or man-down situations, these aspects of the game often play a crucial role in the outcome of lacrosse matches. The ability to capitalize on extra-man opportunities or successfully defend when short-handed can swing momentum and impact the scoreboard significantly.

Additionally, factors such as clearing percentage (successfully moving the ball from the defensive to offensive zone) and ride percentage (preventing the opponent from clearing) can greatly influence possession time and scoring opportunities. Future analysis of these situational aspects could provide deeper insights into how RPI managed to dominate the second half so thoroughly.

Key Situational Aspects in Lacrosse

1. Extra-man offense (EMO) and man-down defense
2. Clearing and riding effectiveness
3. Faceoff success rate
4. Transition offense and defense

Player Development and Team Chemistry

The performances of younger players like RPI’s freshman Connor Schnapp and Bard’s freshman Jack Kaplan highlight the importance of player development in college lacrosse. Schnapp’s five-goal outburst demonstrates his quick adaptation to the college game, while Kaplan’s seven ground balls show his willingness to do the dirty work necessary for team success.

These contributions from underclassmen, combined with the leadership of more experienced players, can significantly impact team chemistry and overall performance. As the season progresses, how these young players continue to develop and integrate into their respective team systems will be crucial for both RPI and Bard’s success in the Liberty League.

Factors Influencing Player and Team Development

• Quality of coaching and practice sessions
• Strength and conditioning programs
• Team bonding activities and leadership development
• Opportunity for playing time and in-game experience

As both teams move forward in their Liberty League campaigns, they will look to build on the lessons learned from this opening conference matchup. RPI will aim to maintain their offensive prowess and second-half dominance, while Bard will work to extend their periods of competitive play and improve their consistency across all four quarters.

The Liberty League season promises to be an exciting one, with teams like RPI setting a high standard early on. As other conference rivals take note of this result, they will undoubtedly be preparing strategies to counter RPI’s potent offense and looking for ways to exploit any weaknesses in Bard’s game plan.

Ultimately, this game serves as a snapshot of where these two teams stand at the beginning of their conference schedules. The true measure of their success will be how they grow, adapt, and perform as the season unfolds, with each team striving to position themselves favorably for postseason play and potentially earn a coveted spot in the NCAA Division III Men’s Lacrosse Championship tournament.

RPI pulls away in second half; Healey sets record for saves

Next Game:

St. Lawrence University

3/24/2018 | 12 p.m.

KINGSTON, N.Y. – The Bard College men’s lacrosse team hung tough with RPI in its Liberty League opener, but the Engineers outscored Bard 8-1 in the second half en route to a 14-5 victory at Dietz Stadium on Saturday.

Bard sophomore goalie Lyle Healey kept the Raptors in it for 30 minutes. RPI scored the first two goals of the game, but Healey made 10 saves in the first quarter alone. That allowed John Palermo and Corey Rich to tie it up in the last five minutes of the first quarter, the latter on a no-look bounce shot over the far shoulder of RPI keeper Parker Smith (Cordova, TN).

And even though RPI scored four times to start the second quarter, making it 6-2, unassisted goals by Peter Sojka (with 3:48 left) and Devon Wall (with 33 seconds left) trimmed the Engineers’ halftime lead to 6-4. Healey had 17 saves through two quarters.

RPI (4-1 overall, 1-0 Liberty League) took charge in the second half, limiting Bard’s possessions, then drawing out and cashing in on their own. They scored three times in the third quarter while holding Bard to one shot on goal, which made it 9-4, then scored four more in a row to start the fourth quarter. Sojka broke the streak of seven straight goals with just under five minutes left in the game.

Freshman Connor Schnapp (Lake Oswego, OR) led RPI with five goals and an assist. Siyon Lowe (Columbia, MD) and Jordan Gans (Palo Alto, CA) each scored twice. RPI outshot Bard, 61-24, and enjoyed a 40-27 edge in ground balls.

Rich and Wall each finished with a goal and an assist for Bard. Sojka scored twice, and Palermo once. William Buffuto led Bard with five caused turnovers, and freshman Jack Kaplan scooped up seven ground balls.

Healey shattered Bard’s single-game record for saves in a game with 29.

Up next for the Raptors is a non-league game at Neumann University on Wednesday at 4. Live Stats and Live Video will be available for that game.

 

Men’s Lacrosse vs Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute on 3/24/2018 – Box Score

[15:00]	Robby Atwood at goalie for ITHACA_M.							Robby Atwood at goalie for ITHACA_M.
[15:00]					Parker Smith at goalie for RPIMLAX.			Parker Smith at goalie for RPIMLAX.
[15:00]					Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [15:00] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.			Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [15:00] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.
[14:38]					Shot by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija, SAVE Robby Atwood.			Shot by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija, SAVE Robby Atwood.
[14:34]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.
[14:19]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Jake Cotton.							Turnover by ITHACA_M Jake Cotton.
[14:14]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Matthew Gilman.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Matthew Gilman.
[14:10]					Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.			Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.
[13:59]					Shot by RPIMLAX Zach Lukas, SAVE Robby Atwood.			Shot by RPIMLAX Zach Lukas, SAVE Robby Atwood.
[13:24]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M failed.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M failed.
[13:17]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Robby Atwood.							Turnover by ITHACA_M Robby Atwood.
[12:54]					Shot by RPIMLAX Cliff Kigar WIDE.			Shot by RPIMLAX Cliff Kigar WIDE.
[12:40]					Turnover by RPIMLAX Jason Bram (caused by Aaron McCartney).			Turnover by RPIMLAX Jason Bram (caused by Aaron McCartney).
[12:31]	Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Aaron McCartney.							Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Aaron McCartney.
[12:27]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.
[12:12]	Shot by ITHACA_M Stephen Morrell, SAVE Parker Smith.							Shot by ITHACA_M Stephen Morrell, SAVE Parker Smith.
[11:12]	GOAL by ITHACA_M Stephen Morrell (FIRST GOAL), goal number 9 for season.	1		0		1 – 0		GOAL by ITHACA_M Stephen Morrell (FIRST GOAL), goal number 9 for season.
[11:12]					Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [11:12] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.			Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [11:12] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.
[11:12]					Shot by RPIMLAX JT Kelly WIDE.			Shot by RPIMLAX JT Kelly WIDE.
[10:52]		1		1	GOAL by RPIMLAX Zach Lukas (Shot Timer), goal number 11 for season.	1 – 1		GOAL by RPIMLAX Zach Lukas (Shot Timer), goal number 11 for season.
[10:52]	Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Tyler Hancock won by ITHACA_M, [10:52] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Steven Landspurg.							Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Tyler Hancock won by ITHACA_M, [10:52] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Steven Landspurg.
[10:52]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Steven Landspurg (caused by Tom Feenstra).							Turnover by ITHACA_M Steven Landspurg (caused by Tom Feenstra).
[10:52]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Parker Smith.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Parker Smith.
[10:52]					Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.			Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.
[09:57]		1		2	GOAL by RPIMLAX Cliff Kigar, Assist by Will Killeen, goal number 12 for season.	1 – 2		GOAL by RPIMLAX Cliff Kigar, Assist by Will Killeen, goal number 12 for season.
[09:57]					Faceoff Matt Montgomery vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [09:57] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Zach Lima.			Faceoff Matt Montgomery vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [09:57] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Zach Lima.
[09:03]					Shot by RPIMLAX Matthew Gilman HIGH.			Shot by RPIMLAX Matthew Gilman HIGH.
[08:38]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Lucas Bastarache.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Lucas Bastarache.
[08:30]					Shot by RPIMLAX Lucas Bastarache, SAVE Robby Atwood.			Shot by RPIMLAX Lucas Bastarache, SAVE Robby Atwood.
[08:28]	Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Winston Wenham.							Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Winston Wenham.
[08:25]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M failed.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M failed.
[08:21]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Winston Wenham (caused by Tom Feenstra).							Turnover by ITHACA_M Winston Wenham (caused by Tom Feenstra).
[08:13]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Tom Feenstra.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Tom Feenstra.
[08:06]					Turnover by RPIMLAX JT Kelly (caused by Keith Morrissey).			Turnover by RPIMLAX JT Kelly (caused by Keith Morrissey).
[07:55]	Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Keith Morrissey.							Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Keith Morrissey.
[07:36]	GOAL by ITHACA_M Brendan King, goal number 10 for season.	2		2		2 – 2		GOAL by ITHACA_M Brendan King, goal number 10 for season.
[07:36]					Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [07:36] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Will Killeen.			Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [07:36] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Will Killeen.
[07:22]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.
[07:15]					Timeout by RPIMLAX.			Timeout by RPIMLAX.
[05:18]					Turnover by RPIMLAX Siyon Lowe (caused by Steven Landspurg).			Turnover by RPIMLAX Siyon Lowe (caused by Steven Landspurg).
[05:14]	Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Keith Morrissey.							Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Keith Morrissey.
[05:10]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.
[05:50]	GOAL by ITHACA_M Conner Crosson, goal number 8 for season.	3		2		3 – 2		GOAL by ITHACA_M Conner Crosson, goal number 8 for season.
[05:50]	Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by ITHACA_M, [05:50] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Stephen Morrell.							Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by ITHACA_M, [05:50] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Stephen Morrell.
[05:39]	GOAL by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield, Assist by Stephen Morrell, goal number 14 for season.	4		2		4 – 2		GOAL by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield, Assist by Stephen Morrell, goal number 14 for season.
[05:39]	Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by ITHACA_M, [05:39] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Steven Landspurg.							Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by ITHACA_M, [05:39] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Steven Landspurg.
[05:39]	Shot by ITHACA_M Dillon Fitzpatrick, SAVE Parker Smith.							Shot by ITHACA_M Dillon Fitzpatrick, SAVE Parker Smith.
[05:39]					Clear attempt by RPIMLAX failed.			Clear attempt by RPIMLAX failed.
[05:39]					Turnover by RPIMLAX Kevin Frega.			Turnover by RPIMLAX Kevin Frega.
[05:39]	Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Brendan King.							Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Brendan King.
[05:39]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield (caused by Parker Smith).							Turnover by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield (caused by Parker Smith).
[05:39]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Parker Smith.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Parker Smith.
[05:39]					Clear attempt by RPIMLAX failed.			Clear attempt by RPIMLAX failed.
[05:39]					Turnover by RPIMLAX Keaton Ackermann.			Turnover by RPIMLAX Keaton Ackermann.
[05:39]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.
[05:39]	Shot by ITHACA_M Ryan Ozsvath, SAVE Parker Smith.							Shot by ITHACA_M Ryan Ozsvath, SAVE Parker Smith.
[05:39]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Quinn Fettig.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Quinn Fettig.
[05:39]					Shot by RPIMLAX Keaton Ackermann, SAVE Robby Atwood.			Shot by RPIMLAX Keaton Ackermann, SAVE Robby Atwood.
[05:39]					Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.			Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.
[05:39]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.
[05:39]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield.							Turnover by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield.
[05:39]					Turnover by RPIMLAX Lucas Bastarache.			Turnover by RPIMLAX Lucas Bastarache.
[05:39]	Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Kaelan Fitzpatrick.							Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Kaelan Fitzpatrick.
[01:40]	GOAL by ITHACA_M Dillon Fitzpatrick.	5		2		5 – 2		GOAL by ITHACA_M Dillon Fitzpatrick.
[01:40]					Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [01:40] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.			Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [01:40] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.
[01:28]					Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.			Clear attempt by RPIMLAX good.
[01:09]		5		3	GOAL by RPIMLAX JT Kelly, Assist by Lucas Bastarache, goal number 4 for season.	5 – 3		GOAL by RPIMLAX JT Kelly, Assist by Lucas Bastarache, goal number 4 for season.
[01:09]					Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [01:09] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.			Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by RPIMLAX, [01:09] Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Oliver Kaija.
[00:48]		5		4	GOAL by RPIMLAX JT Kelly, Assist by Cliff Kigar, goal number 5 for season.	5 – 4		GOAL by RPIMLAX JT Kelly, Assist by Cliff Kigar, goal number 5 for season.
[00:48]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Cliff Kigar.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Cliff Kigar.
[00:48]	Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by ITHACA_M, [00:48] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Sean Seaberg.							Faceoff Steven Landspurg vs Oliver Kaija won by ITHACA_M, [00:48] Ground ball pickup by ITHACA_M Sean Seaberg.
[00:34]	Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.							Clear attempt by ITHACA_M good.
[00:08]	Shot by ITHACA_M Josh Della Puca BLOCKED.							Shot by ITHACA_M Josh Della Puca BLOCKED.
[00:00]	Turnover by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield (caused by Zach Lima).							Turnover by ITHACA_M Connor Brumfield (caused by Zach Lima).
[00:00]					Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Zach Lima.			Ground ball pickup by RPIMLAX Zach Lima.
[00:00]	End-of-period.							End-of-period.

Launchpad for A History of World Societies (1-Term Access), 11th Edition

Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.　
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.　
Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33.

NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, quizzes for sources and features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, all of the documents from the companion reader　Sources for World Societies, and quizzes for each of the documents in the companion reader – has been labeled on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.

Preface

Versions and Supplements

Maps, Figures, and Tables

Special Features

1. The Earliest Human Societies, to 2500 B.C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Evolution and Migration

Understanding the Early Human Past

Hominid Evolution

Homo Sapiens, “Thinking Humans” 　

Migration and Differentiation

Later Paleolithic Society, ca. 200,000–9000 B.C.E.

Foraging for Food

Family and Kinship Relationships

Cultural Creations and Spirituality

The Development of Agriculture in the Neolithic Era, ca. 9000 B.C.E.

The Development of Horticulture

Animal Domestication and the Rise of Pastoralism

Agriculture

Neolithic Society

Social Hierarchies and Slavery

Gender Hierarchies and Inheritance

Trade and Cross-Cultural Connections

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 1 Summative Quiz　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Human Migration in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Eras

Analyzing the Evidence Paleolithic Venus Figures

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Paleolithic Hand Markings

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Bison and Human in Lascaux Cave

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Stone Age Houses in Chile and China

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society The Iceman

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 1　

Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Origin Stories
Document 1-1: An Indian View of Creation from the　Rig Veda　, ca. 600 B.C.E.　

Quiz for Document 1-1　 LaunchPad
Document 1-2:　 The Yuchi People Explain Their Origins, ca. 1929　
Quiz for Document 1-2 　LaunchPad
Document 1-3:　 A Greek Description of the Elemental Forces, Hesiod, From　Theogony, ca. 700 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 1-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions
Document 1-4:　 Clues about Early Human History in a Neolithic Grave,　Double Burial from Mantua, Italy,　ca. 6000-5000 B.C.E.　

Quiz for Document 1-4 　LaunchPad
Document 1-5:　 Artistic Expression in the Paleolithic Era,　Cave Painting of a Male and Female Deer, ca. 13,000 B.C.E.　

Quiz for Document 1-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 1 　LaunchPad

2. Complex Societies in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley, 3800–500 B.C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Writing, Cities, and States

Written Sources and the Human Past

Cities and the Idea of Civilization

The Rise of States, Laws, and Social Hierarchies

Mesopotamia from Sumer to Babylon

Environmental Challenges, Irrigation, and Religion

Sumerian Politics and Society

Writing, Mathematics, and Poetry

Empires in Mesopotamia

Life Under Hammurabi

The Egyptians

The Nile and the God-King

Egyptian Society and Work

Migrations, Revivals, and Collapse

Iron and the Emergence of New States

The Hebrews

The Hebrew State

The Jewish Religion

Hebrew Society

The Assyrians and Persians

Assyria, the Military Monarchy

The Rise and Expansion of the Persian Empire

The Religion of Zoroaster

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 2 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Gilgamesh’s Quest for Immortality

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Addressing the Gods

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Egyptian Families

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Empires and Migrations in the Eastern Mediterranean

Individuals in Society Hatshepsut and Nefertiti

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Rulers and Divine Favorfor Babylonians and Hebrews

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 2　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 2-1:　 A Mesopotamian Quest for Immortality, From　The Epic of Gilgamesh, ca. 2700-2500 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 2-1 　LaunchPad
Document 2-2:　 Law and Order in Ancient Babylonia,　Hammurabi,　Hammurabi’s Code: Laws on Society and Family Life, ca. 1800 B.C.E.,　　
Quiz for Document 2-2 　LaunchPad
Document 2-3:　 Moses Leads the Hebrews from Egypt,　Book of Exodus, ca. 950-450 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 2-3 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Imperial Propaganda in the Ancient near East

Document 2-4:　 Ashur-Nasir-Pal II, An Assyrian Emperor’s Resume, ca. 875 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 2-4 　LaunchPad
Document 2-5:　 Cyrus of Persia,　Righteous Rule, ca. 470 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 2-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 2 　LaunchPad

3. The Foundation of Indian Society, to 300 C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Land and Its First Settlers, ca. 3000–1500 B.C.E.

The Aryans During the Vedic Age, ca. 1500–500 B.C.E.

Aryan Dominance in North India

Life in Early India

Brahmanism

India’s Great Religions

Jainism

Siddhartha Gautama and Buddhism

Hinduism

Western Contact and the Mauryan Unification of North India, ca. 513–185 B.C.E.

Encounters with the West

Chandragupta and the Founding of the Mauryan Empire

The Reign of Ashoka, ca. 269–232 B.C.E.

Small States and Trading Networks, 185 B.C.E.–300 C.E.

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 3 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Harappan Artifacts

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Divine Martial Prowess in India and Sumer 　　　

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Conversations Between Rama and Sita from the Ramayana

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Gandharan Frieze Depicting the Buddha’s Enlightenment

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Sudatta, Lay Follower of the Buddha

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Mauryan Empire, ca. 250 B.C.E.

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 3　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 3-1:　 A Residential Street in Mohenjo-daro, ca. 2500-2000 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 3-1 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: The Path to Enlightenment

Document 3-2:　 The Buddha,　The Buddha Obtains Enlightenment, ca. 530-29 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 3-2 　LaunchPad
Document 3-3:　　From the Upanishads, On the Nature of the Soul, ca. 450 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 3-3 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions
Document 3-4:　 Social Mores in Ancient India,　From　The Laws of Manu, ca. 100 B.C.E.-200 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 3-4 　LaunchPad
Document 3-5:　 Ashoka, From Thirteenth Rock Edict, 256 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 3-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 3 　LaunchPad

4. China’s Classical Age, to 221 B.C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Emergence of Civilization in China

The Impact of Geography

Early Agricultural Societies of the Neolithic Age

The Shang Dynasty, ca. 1500–1050 B.C.E.

Shang Society

Bronze Metalworking

The Development of Writing

The Early Zhou Dynasty, ca. 1050–400 B.C.E.

Zhou Politics

Life During the Zhou Dynasty

The Warring States Period, 403–221 B.C.E.

New Technologies for War

The Victorious States

Confucius and His Followers

Confucius

The Spread of Confucian Ideas

Daoism, Legalism, and Other Schools of Thought

Daoism

Legalism

Yin and Yang

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 4 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Geography of Historical China

Global Viewpoints The Inglorious Side of War in the Book of Songs and the Patirruppattu 　

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Individuals in Society Lord Mengchang

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Ideas About the Divine Realm

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Teachings of Confucius

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Inscribed Bamboo Slips

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 4　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 4-1:　　Detail of Ritual Vase known as the Tigress, ca. 1200 B.C.E　
Quiz for Document 4-1 　LaunchPad
Document 4-2: Confucius on Kingship,　From　Book of Documents, ca. 900-100 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 4-2 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Philosophical Responses to Social and Political Disorder

Document 4-3:　 Confucius,　From　Analects, ca. 500 B.C.E. – 50 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 4-3 　LaunchPad

Document 4-4:　 Laozi,　From　Dao De Jing:　Administering the Empire, ca. 500-400 B.C.E.　
Document 4-4: Laozi, From Dao De Jing: Administering the Empire, ca. 500-400 B.C.E.

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Document 4-5:　 Han Fei,　The Five Vermin, ca. 250-25 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 4-5 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions
Comparative Questions
Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 4 　LaunchPad

5. The Greek Experience, 3500–30 B.C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Greece in the Bronze Age, ca. 3000–800 B.C.E.

The Minoans and Mycenaeans

The “Dark Age”

The Development of the Polis in the Archaic Age, ca. 800–500 B.C.E.

Organization of the Polis

Overseas Expansion

The Growth of Sparta

The Evolution of Athens

Turmoil and Culture in the Classical Period, 500–338 B.C.E.

The Deadly Conflicts, 499–404 B.C.E.

Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles

Families and Sexual Relations

Public and Personal Religion

The Flowering of Philosophy

Hellenistic Society, 323–30 B.C.E.

From Polis to Monarchy, 404–200 B.C.E.

Building a Hellenized Society The Growth of Trade and Commerce

Hellenistic Religion, Philosophy, and Science

Religion in the Hellenistic World

Philosophy and Its Guidance for Life

Hellenistic Science and Medicine

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 5 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Hesiod, Works and Days

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Analyzing the Evidence The Acropolis of Athens

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Thinking Like a Historian Gender Roles in Classical Athens 　

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Alexander’s Conquests, 336–324 B.C.E.

Global Viewpoints Hellenistic and Chinese Spells

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Archimedes, Scientist and Inventor

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 5　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 5-1: Homer,　From　The Iliad, ca. 750 B.C.E.,　
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Document 5-2: Plato,　From　Apologia, ca. 399 B.C.E.,　
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Document 5-3: Plutarch,　From　Life of Cleomenes III, First Century C.E.　
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VIEWPOINTS: Depicting the Human Form
Document 5-4:　 A Hellenic Depiction of Physical Perfection,　Zeus from Artemisium, ca. 460 B.C.E.　
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Document 5-5: A Hellenistic Depiction of Human Suffering,　The Dying Gaul, ca. 230-220 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 5-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions
Comparative Questions
Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 5 　LaunchPad

6. The World of Rome, ca. 1000 B.C.E.–400 C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Romans in Italy

The Etruscans

The Founding of Rome

The Roman Conquest of Italy

The Roman State

Social Conflict in Rome

Roman Expansion and Its Repercussions

Overseas Conquests and the Punic Wars, 264–133 B.C.E.

New Influences and Old Values in Roman Culture

The Late Republic and the Rise of Augustus, 133–27 B.C.E.

The Successes of Augustus

Rome and the Provinces

Political and Military Changes in the Empire

Life in Imperial Rome

Prosperity in the Roman Provinces

Eastward Expansion and Contacts Between Rome and China

The Coming of Christianity

Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity

The Life and Teachings of Jesus

The Spread of Christianity

The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of Christianity

Turmoil and Reform

Political Measures

Economic Issues

The Acceptance of Christianity

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 6 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Queen Cleopatra

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Analyzing the Evidence Ara Pacis

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Roman Expansion, 262 B.C.E.–180 C.E.

Global Viewpoints Roman and Chinese Officials in Times of Disaster

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Thinking Like a Historian Army and Empire

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Edict of Toleration and the Edict of Milan

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 6　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 6-1:　　The Twelve Tables, ca. 450 B.C.E.,　
Quiz for Document 6-1 　LaunchPad
Document 6-2:　 Plutarch, On Julius Caesar, ca. 44 C.E.,　
Quiz for Document 6-2 　LaunchPad
Document 6-3:　　Initiation into the Cult of Dionysus, ca. 60-50 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 6-3 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Christianity and the Roman State
Document 6-4:　 Pliny the Younger,　Letters to and from the Emperor Trajan on Christians, 111-113 C.E　
Quiz for Document 6-4 　LaunchPad
Document 6-5:　Tertullian,　From　Apologia, ca. 197 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 6-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 6 　LaunchPad

7. East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism, 221 B.C.E.–800 C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Age of Empire in China: The Qin and Han Dynasties

The Qin Unification, 221–206 B.C.E.

The Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.

Han Intellectual and Cultural Life

Inner Asia and the Silk Road

Life in Han China

China and Rome

The Fall of the Han and the Age of Division

The Spread of Buddhism Out of India

Buddhism’s Path Through Central Asia

The Appeal and Impact of Buddhism in China

The Chinese Empire Re-created: Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907)

The Sui Dynasty, 581–618

The Tang Dynasty, 618–907

Tang Culture

The East Asian Cultural Sphere

Vietnam

Korea

Japan

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 7 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Thinking Like A Historian Who Made the Chinese Silks Found Along the Silk Road?

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Individuals in Society The Ban Family

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Spread of Buddhism, ca. 500 B.C.E.–800 C.E.

Analyzing the Evidence Sixth-Century Biographies of Buddhist Nuns

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Hōryūji Temple

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Coping with Epidemics in Japan and Byzantium

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 7　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 7-1:　 Sima Qian,　From the Records of the Historian, ca. 109-86 B.C.E.　
Quiz for Document 7-1 　LaunchPad
Document 7-2: Ban Zhao,　From　Lessons for Women ca. 80 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 7-2 　LaunchPad
Document 7-3: Hachiman,　Shinto God of War, ca. 1100-1300 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 7-3 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Buddhism in China
Document 7-4:　 Han Yu, From　Lives of the Eminent Monks, ca. 550 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 7-4 　LaunchPad
Document 7-5:　 Emperor Wuzong,　Edict on the Suppression of Buddhism, 845 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 7-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 7 　LaunchPad

8. Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia, 250–850

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Byzantine Empire

Sources of Byzantine Strength

The Sassanid Empire and Conflicts with Byzantium

Justinian’s Code of Law

Byzantine Intellectual Life

Life in Constantinople

The Growth of the Christian Church

The Evolution of Church Leadership and Orthodoxy

The Western Church and the Eastern Church

Christian Monasticism

Christian Ideas and Practices

Christianity and Classical Culture

Saint Augustine on Sin, Grace, and Redemption

The Iconoclastic Controversy

Migrating Peoples

Social and Economic Structures

Tribes, Warriors, and Laws

Migrations and Political Change

Christian Missionaries and Conversion

Missionaries’ Actions

The Process of Conversion

Frankish Rulers and Their Territories

The Merovingians and Carolingians

The Warrior-Ruler Charlemagne

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 8 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Theodora of Constantinople

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Slavery in Roman and Germanic Society 　

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Orthodox Icon of Jesus

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Roman and Byzantine Views of Barbarians

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Spread of Christianity, ca. 300–800

Analyzing the Evidence The Capitulary de Villis

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 8　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 8-1: Saint Benedict of Nursia,　From　The Rule of Saint Benedict, 529　
Quiz for Document 8-1 　LaunchPad
Document 8-2:　　The Law of the Salian Franks, ca. 500-600,　
Quiz for Document 8-2 　LaunchPad Document 8-3:　 Procopius,　From　The Secret History, ca. 550-562　
VIEWPOINTS: Justinian’s Deeds and His Critics
Document 8-3: Procopius, From the Secret History (ca. 550-562)

Quiz for Document 8-3 　LaunchPad
Document 8-4:　　Hagia Sophia, 537　
Quiz for Document 8-4 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 8-5:　 Einhard,　From　The Life of Charlemagne, 829-836,　
Quiz for Document 8-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 8 　LaunchPad

9. The Islamic World, 600–1400

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Origins of Islam

Arabian Social and Economic Structure

Muhammad’s Rise as a Religious Leader

The Tenets of Islam

Islamic States and Their Expansion

Islam’s Spread Beyond Arabia

Reasons for the Spread of Islam

The Caliphate and the Split Between Shi’a and Sunni Alliances

The Abbasid Caliphate

Administration of the Islamic Territories

Fragmentation and Military Challenges, 900–1400

Breakaway Territories and Shi’a Gains

The Ascendancy of the Turks

The Mongol Invasions

Muslim Society: The Life of the People

The Social Hierarchy

Slavery

Women in Classical Islamic Society

Marriage, the Family, and Sexuality

Trade and Commerce

Cultural Developments

The Cultural Centers of Baghdad and Córdoba

Education and Intellectual Life

The Mystical Tradition of Sufism

Muslim-Christian Encounters

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 9 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Expansion of Islam, 622–900

Analyzing the Evidence Abu Hamid al-Ghazali on the Etiquette of Marriage

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian The Risks and Rewards of Indian Ocean Seaborne Trade 　

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Ibn Battuta

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Amusing Animal Stories by Syrian and Greek Authors

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Sufi Collective Ritual

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 9　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Islam and the People of the Book
Document 9-1:　 Muhammad,　Qur’an, ca. 650　
Quiz for Document 9-1 　LaunchPad
Document 9-2:　 Muhammad,　The Constitution of Medina, ca. 625　
Quiz for Document 9-2 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 9-3:　 Benjamin ben Jonah of Tudela,　From　Book of Travels, ca. 1159-1172　
Quiz for Document 9-3 　LaunchPad

Document 9-4:　Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain, 987 and　Gate of Al Hakam II, 987　
Quiz for Document 9-4 　LaunchPad
Document 9-5:　 Ibn Khaldūn,From　Prolegomenon to History, 1377　
Quiz for Document 9-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 9 　LaunchPad

10. African Societies and Kingdoms, 1000 B.C.E.–1500 C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Land and Peoples of Africa

Early African Societies

Agriculture and Its Impact

Bantu Migrations

Life in the Kingdoms of the Western Sudan, ca. 1000 B.C.E.–800 C.E.

The Trans-Saharan Trade

The Berbers of North Africa

Effects of Trade on West African Society

The Spread of Islam in Africa

African Kingdoms and Empires, ca. 800–1500

The Kingdom of Ghana, ca. 900–1100

The Kingdom of Mali, ca. 1200–1450

Ethiopia: The Christian Kingdom of Aksum

The East African City-States

Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

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Chapter 10 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past African Kingdoms and Trade, ca. 800–1500

Individuals in Society Amda Siyon

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Queen of Sheba and King Solomon

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Early Descriptions of Africa from Egypt

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence A Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Describes Parts of the East African Coast

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Great Zimbabwe

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 10　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS:
Document 10-1:　 Ezana, King of Aksum,　Stele of Ezana, ca. 325　
Quiz for Document 10-1 　LaunchPad
Document 10-2:　 Abu Ubaydallah Al-Bakri,　From　The Book of Routes and Realms, ca. 1067-1068　
Quiz for Document 10-2 　LaunchPad

Document 10-3: Abū Hāmid Muhammad Al-Andalusī Al-Gharnātī,From　Gift of the Spirit, ca. 1120-1170　
Quiz for Document 10-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 10-4: Leo Africanus,　From　The History and Description of Africa, 1526,　
Quiz for Document 10-4 　LaunchPad
Document 10-5: A History of West Africa by West Africans,　From　Epic of Sundiata, ca. 1250　
Quiz for Document 10-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 10 　LaunchPad

11. The Americas, 3200 B.C.E.–1500 C.E.

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Societies of the Americas in a Global Context

Trade and Technology

Settlement and Environment

Ancient Societies

Olmec Agriculture, Technology, and Religion

Hohokam, Hopewell, and Mississippian Societies

Kinship and Ancestors in the Andes

The Incas

The Inca Model of Empire

Inca Imperial Expansion

Imperial Needs and Obligations

The Maya and Teotihuacan

Maya Agriculture and Trade

Maya Science and Religion

Teotihuacan and the Toltecs

The Aztec Empire

The Mexica: From Vassals to Masters

Life in the Aztec Empire

The Limits of the Aztec Empire

American Empires and the Encounter

The Last Day of the Aztecs

The Fall of the Incas

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 11 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Inca Empire, 1532

Analyzing the Evidence Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Maya Calendar

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Feathers, Snakes, and Humans 　

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Tlacaelel

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Inca and Spanish Views on Religion, Authority, and Tribute

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 11　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 11-1:　　Moundville, ca.1000-1450 C.E.　
Quiz for Document 11-1 　LaunchPad
Document 11-2:　 Pedro de Cieza de León,　From　Chronicles:　On the Inca, ca. 1535　
Quiz for Document 11-2 　LaunchPad
Document 11-3:　 　Diego Durán,　From　Book of the Gods and Rites, ca. 1576-1579　
Quiz for Document 11-3 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: The Importance of the Ball Game in Maya Society
Document 11-4:　 　Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas,　On the Maya Ball Game Tlachtli, ca. 1598　
Quiz for Document 11-4 　LaunchPad
Document 11-5:　 　Father Francisco Ximénez,　From the　Popol Vuh, ca. 1701-1703　
Quiz for Document 11-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 11 　LaunchPad

12. Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia, 300–1400

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Central Asian Nomads

Nomadic Society

The Turks

The Mongols

Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire

Chinggis Khan

Chinggis’s Successors

The Mongols as Rulers

East-West Communication During the Mongol Era

The Movement of Peoples

The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas

India, Islam, and the Development of Regional Cultures, 300–1400

The Gupta Empire, ca. 320–480

India’s Medieval Age and the First Encounter with Islam

The Delhi Sultanate

Life in Medieval India

Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Growth of Maritime Trade

State Formation and Indian Influences

The Srivijayan Maritime Trade Empire

The Spread of Indian Culture in Comparative Perspective

The Settlement of the Pacific Islands

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 12 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Abduction of Women in The Secret History of the Mongols 　

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Mongol Empire

Thinking Like a Historian The Mongol Army

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Explaining the Workings of Paper Money in China, Persia, and Europe 　

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Bhaskara the Teacher

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Bayan Relief at Angkor Thom

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 12　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: The Mongols and Their Conquests
Document 12-1:　 　Epitaph for the Honorable Menggu, ca. 1272　
Quiz for Document 12-1 　LaunchPad

Document 12-2:　 　Rashid-Al-Din,　Chinggis Khan Fighting the Tartars, ca. 1300　
Quiz for Document 12-2 　LaunchPad

Document 12-3:　 　Marco Polo, From Travels, ca. 1298　
Quiz for Document 12-3 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 12-4: Vatsyayana,　From the　Kamasutra, ca. 150-1200　
Quiz for Document 12-4 　LaunchPad

Document 12-5: Maulana Burhān Ud-Dīn Marghīnānī,From　Guidance, ca. 1197　
Quiz for Document 12-5 　LaunchPad

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 12 　LaunchPad

13. States and Cultures in East Asia, 800–1400

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Medieval Chinese Economic Revolution, 800–1100

China During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, 960–1368

The Song Dynasty

The Scholar-Officials and Neo-Confucianism

Women’s Lives in Song Times

China Under Mongol Rule

Korea Under the Koryŏ Dynasty, 935–1392

Japan’s Heian Period, 794–1185

Fujiwara Rule

Aristocratic Culture

The Samurai and the Kamakura Shogunate, 1185–1333

Military Rule

Cultural Trends

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 13 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Painters of Uncanny Skill in China and Rome

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past East Asia in 1000 and 1200

Analyzing the Evidence Ma Yuan’s Painting On a Moutain Path in Spring

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Shen Gua

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian When and Why Did Foot Binding Begin?

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies,　Chapter 13　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Elite Values in Feudal Japan
Document 13-1:　 Murasaki Shikibu,　From　The Tale of Genji, ca. 1021　
Quiz for Document 13-1 　LaunchPad

Document 13-2:　 　The Experience of War in Feudal Japan,　From　The Tale of the Heike, ca. 1250　
Quiz for Document 13-2 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 13-3:　 　Figure of a Lohan, Yuan Dynasty, 1260-1368　
Quiz for Document 13-3 　LaunchPad
Document 13-4:　 　Chau Ju-Kua,　On the Arab People of Quanzhou, ca. 1250　
Quiz for Document 13-4 　LaunchPad
Document 13-5:　　Widows Loyal Unto Death, ca. 1754　
Quiz for Document 13-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 13 　LaunchPad

14. Europe and Western Asia in the Middle Ages, 800–1450

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Political Developments

Invasions and Migrations

“Feudalism” and Manorialism

The Restoration of Order

Law and Justice

The Christian Church

Papal Reforms

Monastic Life

Popular Religion

The Expansion of Western and Eastern Christianity

The Crusades

Background and Motives

The Course of the Crusades

Consequences of the Crusades

The Life of the People

The Life and Work of Peasants

The Life and Work of Nobles

Towns, Cities, and the Growth of Commercial Interests

The Expansion of Trade and the Commercial Revolution

Learning and Culture

Universities and Scholasticism

Cathedrals and a New Architectural Style

Vernacular Literature and Drama

Crises of the Later Middle Ages

The Great Famine and the Black Death

The Hundred Years’ War

Challenges to the Christian Church

Peasant and Urban Revolts

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 14 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Invasions and Migrations of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

Individuals in Society Hildegard of Bingen 　　　　　　

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Christian and Muslim Views of the Crusades

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Courtly Love Poetry

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Italian and English Views of the Plague

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Battle of Nicopolis

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 14　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: The Crusades
Document 14-1:　 　Fulcher of Chartres,　From　A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, ca. 1100-1127　
Quiz for Document 14-1 　LaunchPad

Document 14-2:　 　Zakariya al-Qazwini,　From　Monuments of the Lands, 1275-1276　
Quiz for Document 14-2 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 14-3:　 　Jacques de Vitry,　The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover, ca. 1200　
Quiz for Document 14-3 　LaunchPad
Document 14-4:　 　King John of England,　From　Magna Carta, 1215　
Quiz for Document 14-4 　LaunchPad
Document 14-5:　 　Thomas Aquinas,　From　Summa Theologica, 1268　
Quiz for Document 14-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 14 　LaunchPad

15. Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation, 1350–1600

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Renaissance Culture

Wealth and Power in Renaissance Italy

The Rise of Humanism

Christian Humanism

Printing and Its Social Impact

Art and the Artist

Social Hierarchies

Race and Slavery

Wealth and the Nobility

Gender Roles

Politics and the State in the Renaissance

France

England

Spain

The Habsburgs

The Protestant Reformation

Criticism of the Church

Martin Luther

Protestant Thought and Its Appeal

The Radical Reformation and the German Peasants’ War

Marriage and Women’s Roles

The Reformation and German Politics

England’s Shift Toward Protestantism

Calvinism and Its Moral Standards

The Catholic Reformation

Papal Reforms and the Council of Trent

New Religious Orders

Religious Violence

French Religious Wars

Civil Wars in the Netherlands

The Great European Witch-Hunt

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Individuals in Society Cosimo and Lorenzo de’ Medici

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Thinking Like a Historian Humanist Learning

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Analyzing the Evidence Titian, Laura de Dianti

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Analyzing the Evidence Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty

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Global Viewpoints Chinese and European Views on Proper Behavior

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 15　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: The Intellectual Foundations of the Renaissance
Document 15-1:　 　Petrarch,　Letters, ca. 1354, 1360　
Quiz for Document 15-1 　LaunchPad

Document 15-2:　 　Pico Della Mirandola,　From　On the Dignity of Man, 1486　
Quiz for Document 15-2 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 15-3:　 　Artemisia Gentileschi,　Susanna and the Elders, 1610　
Quiz for Document 15-3 　LaunchPad
Document 15-4:　 Martin Luther,　From　Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, 1520　
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Document 15-5:　 　John Calvin,　From　Instruction in Faith, 1537　
Quiz for Document 15-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 15 　LaunchPad

16. The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450–1600

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Afroeurasian Trade World

The Trade World of the Indian Ocean

Peoples and Cultures of the Indian Ocean

Trade with Africa and the Middle East

Genoese and Venetian Middlemen

The European Voyages of Discovery

Causes of European Expansion

Technology and the Rise of Exploration

The Portuguese in Africa and Asia

Spain’s Voyages to the Americas

Spain “Discovers” the Pacific

Early Exploration by Northern European Powers

Conquest and Settlement

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires

Portuguese Brazil

Colonial Administration

Indigenous Population Loss and Economic Exploitation

Patterns of Settlement

The Era of Global Contact

The Columbian Exchange

Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery

Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects

The Birth of the Global Economy

Changing Attitudes and Beliefs

Religious Conversion

European Debates About Indigenous Peoples

New Ideas About Race

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 16 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Overseas Exploration and Conquest in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

Analyzing the Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Who Was Doña Marina?

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society 　Catarina de San Juan

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Mixed Races

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 16　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 16-1:　World Map, 1502　
Quiz for Document 16-1 　LaunchPad

VIEWPOINTS: The Motives of Columbus and His Patrons
Document 16-2:　 Christopher Columbus,　Letter from the Third Voyage, 1493　
Quiz for Document 16-2 　LaunchPad
Document 16-3:　 　Theodore de Bry,　Columbus at Hispaniola, ca. 1590　
Quiz for Document 16-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 16-4:　 Bernal Diaz del Castillo,　From　The True History of the Conquest of New Spain,　
1568　
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Document 16-5: The Spanish Conquest of Mexica,　From　The Florentine Codex, ca. 1577-1580　
Quiz for Document 16-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 16 　LaunchPad

17. The Islamic World Powers, 1300–1800

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Turkish Ruling Houses: The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals

The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire’s Use of Slaves

The Safavid Empire in Persia

The Mughal Empire in India

Cultural Flowering

The Arts

City and Palace Building

Gardens

Intellectual Advances and Religious Trends

Coffeehouses and Their Social Impact

Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule

Shifting Trade Routes and European Penetration

European Rivalry for Trade in the Indian Ocean

Merchant Networks in the Islamic Empires

From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India

Political Decline

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 17 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Ottoman Empire at Its Height, 1566

Individuals in Society Hürrem

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Global Viewpoints Mughal and French Views on Priorities for Monarchs

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Coffee Drinking

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Katib Chelebi on Tobacco

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a HistorianForced Relocation of Armenians to Persia

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 17　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Building and Islamic Palace
Document 17-1:　 　Sultan Selim I,　From a Letter to Shah Ismail of Persia, 1514　
Quiz for Document 17-1 　LaunchPad
Document 17-2:　 　Antonio Monserrate,　From　The Commentary of Father Monserrate, ca. 1580　
Quiz for Document 17-2 　LaunchPad
Document 17-3:　 　Babur and His Architect Plan the Bagh-i-Wafa, ca. 1590　
Quiz for Document 17-3 　LaunchPad
Document 17-4:　 　Tulsi the Elder and Madhu the Younger,　Akbar Inspects the Construction of Fatehpur-Sikri, ca. 1590-1598　
Quiz for Document 17-4 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 17-5:　 　Nuruddin Salim JAHANGIR,　From　Memoirs of Jahangir, ca. 1580–1600　
Quiz for Document 17-5 LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

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18. European Power and Expansion, 1500–1750

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Protestant and Catholic Reformations

The Protestant Reformation

The Catholic Reformation

Religious Violence

Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding

The Social Order and Peasant Life

Economic Crisis and Popular Revolts

The Thirty Years’ War

European Achievements in State-Building

Absolutist States in Western and Central Europe

Spain

The Foundations of French Absolutism

Louis XIV and Absolutism

The Wars of Louis XIV

The Economic Policy of Mercantilism

The Austrian Habsburgs

The Absolutist Palace

Constitutionalism and Empire in England and the Dutch Republic

Religious Divides and Civil War

The Puritan Protectorate

Constitutional Monarchy

The Dutch Republic

Colonial Expansion and Empire

The Dutch Trading Empire

Colonial Empires of England and France

Mercantilism and Colonial Wars

People Beyond Borders

The Russian Empire

Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow

Building the Russian Empire

Peter the Great and Russia’s Turn to the West

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Global Viewpoints Descriptions of Louis XIV of France and the Kangxi Emperor of China

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Thinking Like a Historian What Was Absolutism?

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Europe After the Peace of Utrecht, 1715

Analyzing the Evidence Gonzales Coques, The Young Scholar and His Wife

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Glückel of Hameln

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Peter the Great and Foreign Experts

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 18　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: The Sources of Government Authority
Document 18-1:　 Jacques-Benigne Bossuet,　On Divine Right, ca. 1675–1680　
Quiz for Document 18-1 　LaunchPad
Document 18-2:　 　John Locke,　From　Two Treatises of Government, 1690　
Quiz for Document 18-2 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 18-3: The English Parliament,　The Bill of Rights, 1689　
Quiz for Document 18-3 　LaunchPad
Document 18-4:　 　Duc de Saint-Simon,　From　Memoirs of Louis XIV, ca. 1730–1755　
Quiz for Document 18-4 　LaunchPad
Document 18-5:　 　Catherine II of Russia, Two Decrees, 1762, 1765　
Quiz for Document 18-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 18 　LaunchPad

19. New Worldviews and Ways of Life, 1540–1790

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Scientific Revolution

Why Europe?

Scientific Thought to 1550

Astronomy and Physics

Newton’s Synthesis

Natural History and Empire

Magic and Alchemy

Important Changes in Scientific Thinking and Practice

The Methods of Science

Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry

Science and Religion

Science and Society

The Rise and Spread of Enlightenment

The Early Enlightenment

The Influence of the Philosophes

Enlightenment Movements Acress Europe

Key Issues of Enlightenment Debate

Shifting Views of the Non-Western World

New Definitions of Race

Women and the Enlightenment

Enlightened Absolutism and Its Limits

Economic Change and the Atlantic World

Economic and Demographic Change

The Atlantic Economy

Urban Life and the Public Sphere

Culture and Community in the Atlantic World

The Atlantic Enlightenment

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 19 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Denis Diderot, “Supplement to Bougainville’s Voyage”

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Analyzing the Evidence Enlightenment Culture

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Partition of Poland, 1772–1795

Thinking Like a Historian The Enlightenment Debate on Religious Tolerance

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Malachy Postlethwayt and Olaudah Equiano on the Abolition of Slavery

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Rebecca Protten

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 19　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Changing Ideas of Science
Document 19-1:　 Francis Bacon,　From　The Great Restoration, 1623　
Quiz for Document 19-1 　LaunchPad

Document 19-2:　 Peter the Great and Gottfried Leibniz,　On the Improvement of Arts and Sciences, ca. 1712–1718　
Quiz for Document 19-2 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 19-3:　Takyuddin and Other Astronomers at the Galata Observatory, ca. 1581　
Quiz for Document 19-3 　LaunchPad
Document 19-4:　 Voltaire,　From　Dictionnaire Philosophique, 1764　
Quiz for Document 19-4 　LaunchPad
Document 19-5:　 Immanuel Kant,　What is Enlightenment?　1784　
Quiz for Document 19-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 19 　LaunchPad

20. Africa and the World, 1400–1800

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

West Africa in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin

The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland

The Lives of the People of West Africa

Trade and Industry

Cross-Cultural Encounters Along the East African Coast

Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500–1630

The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500–1600

The African Slave Trade

The Institution of Slavery in Africa

The Transatlantic Slave Trade

Impact on African Societies

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 20 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past West African Societies, ca. 1500–1800

Global Viewpoints European Descriptions of Timbuktu and Jenne

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Analyzing the Evidence Lamu Old Town, Lamu Island, Kenya

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Duarte Barbosa on the Swahili City-States

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society 　Olaudah Equiano

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Perspectives on the African Slave Trade

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 20　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 20-1:　 Olfert Dapper,　King Alvaro I of Kongo Receiving the Dutch Ambassadors,　
1668　
Quiz for Document 20-1 　LaunchPad

Document 20-2:　 Osei Bonsu,　An Asante King Questions British Motives in Ending the Slave Trade, 1820　
Quiz for Document 20-2 　LaunchPad

VIEWPOINTS: Debating the Slave Trade
Document 20-3: Anna Maria Falconbridge,　From　Narrative of Two Voyages to the River Sierra Leone, 1794　　　
Quiz for Document 20-3 　LaunchPad

Document 20-4: Olaudah Equiano,　From　The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, 1789　
Quiz for Document 20-4 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 20-5:　　Transportation of Slaves in Africa, ca. 1800-1900　
Quiz for Document 20-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 20 　LaunchPad

21. Continuity and Change in East Asia, 1400–1800

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Ming China, 1368–1644

The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty

Problems with the Imperial Institution

The Mongols and the Great Wall

The Examination Life

Everyday Life in Ming China

Ming Decline

The Manchus and Qing China, to 1800

The Rise of the Manchus

Competent and Long-Lived Emperors

Imperial Expansion

Japan’s Middle Ages, ca. 1400–1600

Muromachi Culture

Civil War

The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi

The Tokugawa Shogunate, to 1800

Tokugawa Government

Commercialization and the Growth of Towns

The Life of the People in the Edo Period

Maritime Trade, Piracy, and the Entry of Europe into the Asian Maritime Sphere

Zheng He’s Voyages

Piracy and Japan’s Overseas Adventures

Europeans Enter the Scene

Christian Missionaries

Learning from the West

The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 21 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Tan Yunxian, Woman Doctor

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Chinese and European Commentators on Urban Amusements

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Qing Empire, ca. 1800

Analyzing the Evidence Interior View of a Kabuki Theater

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Attention to Dress in Edo Japan

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Keinen’s Poetic Diary of the Korea Campaign

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 21　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 21-1:　　The Viceroy of Canton Giving an Audience to Commodore Anson, 1748　
Quiz for Document 21-1 　LaunchPad

Document 21-2:　 Engelbert Kaempfer,　From History of Japan, 1727　
Quiz for Document 21-2 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Gender in East Asia
Document 21-3:　 Kaibara Ekiken and Kaibara Tōken,Common Sense Teachings for Japanese Children and Greater Learning for Women, ca. 1700　
Quiz for Document 21-3 　LaunchPad
Document 21-4:　 A Japanese Sake Brewer’s Female Antipollution Pass, ca. 1603–1868　
Quiz for Document 21-4 　LaunchPad
Document 21-5: Li Ruzhen, From Flowers in the Mirror, 1827　
Quiz for Document 21-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 21 　LaunchPad

22. Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775–1825

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Background to Revolution

Social Change

Demands for Liberty and Equality

The Seven Years’ War

The American Revolutionary Era, 1775–1789

The Origins of the Revolution

Independence from Britain

Framing the Constitution

Limitations of Liberty and Equality

Revolution in France, 1789–1799

Breakdown of the Old Order

The National Assembly

Constitutional Monarchy

The National Convention

The Directory

Napoleon’s Europe, 1799–1815

Napoleon’s Rule of France

Napoleon’s Expansion in Europe

The Grand Empire and Its End

The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804

Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue

The Outbreak of Revolt

The War of Haitian Independence

Revolutions in Latin America

The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers

Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence

The Aftermath of Revolution in the Atlantic World

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 22 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian The Rights of Which Men?

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Abbé Sieyès, “What Is the Third Estate?”

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Contrasting Visions of the Sans-Culottes

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Napoleonic Europe in 1812

Individuals in Society 　Toussaint L’Ouverture

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Declarations of Independence: The United States and Venezuela

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Documents from Sources for World Societies, Chapter 22　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Defining the Citizen
Document 22-1:　The Declaration of the Rights of Man, 1789　
Quiz for Document 22-1 　LaunchPad

Document 22-2: Olympe de Gouges, From the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, 1791　
Quiz for Document 22-2 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 22-3: Maximilien Robespierre,　Revolutionary Speech, February 5, 1794　
Quiz for Document 22-3 　LaunchPad
Document 22-4:　 François Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture,　Letter to the French National Assembly, 1797　

Quiz for Document 22-4 　LaunchPad
Document 22-5:　The Haitian Declaration of Independence, 1804　
Quiz for Document 22-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 22 　LaunchPad

23. The Revolution in Energy and Industry, 1760–1850

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Industrial Revolution in Britain

Why Britain?

Technological Innovations and Early Factories

The Steam Engine Breakthrough

Steam-Powered Transportation

Industry and Population

Industrialization in Europe and the World

National and International Variations

Industrialization in Continental Europe

Agents of Industrialization

The Global Picture

New Patterns of Working and Living

Work in Early Factories

Working Families and Children

The Sexual Division of Labor

Living Standards for the Working Class

Relations Between Capital and Labor

The New Class of Factory Owners

Responses to Industrialization

The Early Labor Movement in Britain

The Impact of Slavery

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 23 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Samuel Crompton

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Rain, Steam and Speed –– the Great Western Railway

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Continental Industrialization, ca. 1850

Global Viewpoints Indian Cotton Manufacturers

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Testimony of Young Mine Workers

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Hisorian Making the Industrialized Worker

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 23　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 23-1: Thomas Robert Malthus,　From an Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798　
Quiz for Document 23-1 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: The Realities of Manufacturing
Document 23-2:　 Robert Owen,　From　Observations on the Effect of the Manufacturing System, 1815　

Quiz for Document 23-2 　LaunchPad
Document 23-3:　　Testimonies Before Parliamentary Committees on Working Conditions in England, 1832, 1842　
Quiz for Document 23-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 23-4:　An Incident During the Sikh Wars, ca. 1850　
Quiz for Document 23-4 　LaunchPad
Document 23-5:　The Treaty of Balta-Liman, August 16, 1838　
Quiz for Document 23-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 23 　LaunchPad

24. Ideologies of Change in Europe, 1815–1914

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

A Conservative Peace Gives Way to Radical Ideas

The Political and Social Situation After 1815

Conservatism After 1815

Liberalism and the Middle Class

The Growing Appeal of Nationalism

The Birth of Socialism

Reforms and Revolutions, 1815–1850

Social and Economic Conflict

Liberal Reform in Great Britain

Revolutions in France

The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe

Nation Building in Italy, Germany, and Russia

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy

Bismarck and German Unification

The Modernization of Russia

Urban Life in the Age of Ideologies

Urban Development

Social Inequality and Class

The Changing Family

Science for the Masses

Cultural Shifts

Nationalism and Socialism, 1871–1914

Trends in Suffrage

The German Empire

Republican France

Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism

The Socialist Movement

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 24 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Europe in 1815

Analyzing the Evidence The Triumph of Democratic Republics

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints German and Italian Views on Nationalism

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Giuseppe Garibaldi

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Stefan Zweig on Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian The Promise of Electricity

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Documents from Sources for World Societies, Chapter 24　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 24-1:　 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,　From　The Communist Manifesto, 1848　
Quiz for Document 24-1 　LaunchPad

VIEWPOINTS: People Without Nations
Document 24-2: Johann Gottlieb Fichte,　Address to the German Nation, 1808　
Quiz for Document 24-2 　LaunchPad
Document 24-3:　 Max Nordau,　On Zionism, 1905　
Quiz for Document 24-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 24-4:　 Eugène Delacroix,　Liberty Leading the People, 1830　
Quiz for Document 24-4 　LaunchPad
Document 24-5:　 Beatrice Webb,　From　My Apprenticeship, 1926　
Quiz for Document 24-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 24 　LaunchPad

25. Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism, 1800–1914

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Africa: From the Slave Trade to European Colonial Rule

Trade and Social Change

Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa

The Scramble for Africa, 1880–1914

Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century

Colonialism’s Impact After 1900

The New Imperialism, 1880–1914

Causes of the New Imperialism

A “Civilizing Mission”

Critics of Imperialism

African and Asian Resistance

The Islamic Heartland Under Pressure

Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire

Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation

The Expanding World Economy

The Rise of Global Inequality

The World Market

The Great Global Migration

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 25 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Partition of Africa

Global Viewpoints The Congo Free State

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence A French Leader Defends Imperialism

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Pears’ Soap Advertisement

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian African Views of the Scramble for Africa

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Muhammad Ali

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 25　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 25-1: Sultan Abdul Mejid,　Imperial Rescript, 1856　
Quiz for Document 25-1 　LaunchPad

VIEWPOINTS: The Colonial Encounter in Africa
Document 25-2:　 Cecil Rhodes, From　Confession of Faith, ca. 1877　
Quiz for Document 25-2 　LaunchPad
Document 25-3:　 Ndansi Kumalo,　On the British Incursion in Zimbabwe, 1932　
Quiz for Document 25-3 　LaunchPad
Document 25-4:　 John Mensa Sarbah,　Fanti Customary Law, 1897　
Quiz for Document 25-4 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 25-5: Roger Casement and David Engohahe,　Victims of Belgian Congo Atrocities, ca. 1904-1905

Quiz for Document 25-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 25 　LaunchPad

26. Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism, 1800–1914

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

India and the British Empire in Asia

The Evolution of British Rule

The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule

The British and the Indian Educated Elite

Competition for Southeast Asia

The Dutch East Indies

Mainland Southeast Asia

The Philippines

China Under Pressure

The Opium War

Internal Problems

The Self-Strengthening Movement

Republican Revolution

Japan’s Rapid Transformation

The “Opening” of Japan

The Meiji Restoration

Industrialization

Japan as an Imperial Power

The Pacific Region and the Movement of People

Settler Colonies in the Pacific: Australia and New Zealand

Asian Emigration

The Countries of Asia in Comparative Perspective

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 26 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian English–Language Education for Indians

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Asia in 1914

Individuals in Society José Rizal

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Chinese and British Efforts to Reduce Infant Deaths

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Fukuzawa Yukichi, “Escape from Asia”

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Japan’s First Skyscraper

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 26　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Reactions to Imperialism and Modernity
Document 26-1: Lin Zexu,　From a Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839　
Quiz for Document 26-1 　LaunchPad

Document 26-2:　Two Proclamations of the Boxer Rebellion, 1898, 1900　
Quiz for Document 26-2 　LaunchPad
Document 26-3: Mohandas Gandhi, “Indian Home Rule,” 1909　
Quiz for Document 26-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 26-4: Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence,　Letter to Lieutenant-Governor J. Colvin, June 13, 1857　

Quiz for Document 26-4 　LaunchPad
Document 26-5:　 　Sun Yatsen,　On the Three People’s Principles and the Future of the Chinese People, 1906　
Quiz for Document 26-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 26 　LaunchPad

27. The Americas in the Age of Liberalism, 1810–1910

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

New Nations

Liberalism and Caudillos in Spanish America

Mexico and the United States

Liberal Reform in Mexico

Brazil: A New World Monarchy

Slavery and Abolition

Slave Societies in the Americas

Independence and Abolition

Abolition in Cuba and Brazil

Export-Led Growth and Social Unrest

Latin America Re-enters the World Economy

Liberal Consolidation in South America

The Porfiriato and Liberal Stability in Mexico

The Mexican Revolution

Immigration

Immigration to Latin America

Immigration to the United States

Immigration to Canada

A New American Empire

U.S. Intervention in Latin America

The Spanish-American War

The Panama Canal

Chapter Summary

Connections

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Chapter 27 Summative Quiz 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Perspectives on the Mexican-American War

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Slaves Sold South from Richmond, 1853

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Abolition in the Americas

Thinking Like a Historian The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil, from Above and Below

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Henry Meiggs, Promoter and Speculator

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Reyita Castillo Bueno on Slavery and Freedom in Cuba

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 27　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 27-1: Simón Bolívar,　Jamaica Letter, 1815　
Quiz for Document 27-1 　LaunchPad

Document 27-2:　 Alexis de Tocqueville,　From　Democracy in America, 1840　
Quiz for Document 27-2 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Female Abolitionists Make the Case Against Slavery
Document 27-3:　 Angelina Grimke,　Letters to Catherine Beecher, 1838　
Quiz for Document 27-3 　LaunchPad
Document 27-4:　 Harriet Beecher Stowe,　Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852　
Quiz for Document 27-4 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 27-5:　　Advertisement for Rail Travel to Canada, 1885　
Quiz for Document 27-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 27 　LaunchPad

28. World War and Revolution, 1914–1929

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The First World War, 1914–1918

Origins and Causes of the Great War

The Outbreak of War

Stalemate and Slaughter

The War Becomes Global

The Home Front

Mobilizing for Total War

The Social Impact of War

Growing Political Tensions

The Russian Revolution

The Fall of Imperial Russia

The Provisional Government

Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution

Dictatorship and Civil War

The War’s Consequences

The End of the War

The Paris Peace Treaties

American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty

The Search for Peace and Political Stability, 1919–1929

Germany and the Western Powers

Hope in Foreign Affairs

Hope in Democratic Government

The Age of Anxiety

Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion

The New Physics

Freudian Psychology

Twentieth-Century Literature

Modern Architecture, Art, and Music

Movies and Radio

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE 　

Chapter 28 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints British and Canadian Poetry of the Great War

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Experience of War

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Vera Brittain

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence “Never Forget!”

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Russian Views of War and Revolution

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Territorial Changes in Europe After World War I

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 28　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Competing Perspectives on the Treaty of Versailles
Document 28-1:　　Correspondence of Evelyn and Fred Albright, 1917　
Quiz for Document 28-1 　LaunchPad

Document 28-2:　 Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,　All Power to the Soviets!,　1917　
Quiz for Document 28-2 　LaunchPad
Document 28-3:　　Les Trois Grands Ouvriers Du Monde Nouveau, February 1, 1919　
Quiz for Document 28-3 　LaunchPad
Document 28-4:　 German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference,　On the Conditions of Peace,　
1919　
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Document 28-5:　 Konoe Fumimaro,　Against a Pacifism Centered on England and America, 1918　
Quiz for Document 28-5 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 28 　LaunchPad

29. Nationalism in Asia, 1914–1939

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The First World War’s Impact on Nationalist Trends

Asian Reaction to the War in Europe

The Mandates System

Nationalism’s Appeal

Nationalist Movements in the Middle East

The Arab Revolt

The Turkish Revolution

Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan

Gradual Independence in the Arab States

Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine

Toward Self-Rule in India

British Promises and Repression

The Roots of Militant Nonviolence

Gandhi’s Resistance Campaign in India

Nationalist Struggles in East and Southeast Asia

The Rise of Nationalist China

China’s Intellectual Revolution

From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan

Japan Against China

Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 29 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Partition of the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1923

Analyzing the Evidence Resolution of the General Syrian Congress at Damascus

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Gandhi and Mao on Revolutionary Means

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Interpreting the May Fourth Movement

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence The Fate of a Chinese Patriot 　　

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Ning Lao, a Chinese Working Woman

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 29　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 29-1:　 Mary L. Graffam,　An Account of Turkish Violence Against Armenians, 1915　
Quiz for Document 29-1 　LaunchPad

Document 29-2:　 Arthur Dames Balfour,　Debating the Balfour Declaration, 1917　
Quiz for Document 29-2 　LaunchPad
Document 29-3:　 Sarojini Naidu,　The Agony and Shame of the Punjab, 1920　
Quiz for Document 29-3 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Prescriptions for National Improvement in China and Siam
Document 29-4:　 Jiang Jieshi,　The New Life Movement, 1934　
Quiz for Document 29-4 　LaunchPad
Document 29-5:　 King Vajiravudh,　On the Siamese Nation,　1914, 1917, 1920　
Quiz for Document 29-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 29 　LaunchPad

30. The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The Great Depression, 1929–1939

The Economic Crisis

Mass Unemployment

The New Deal in the United States

The European Response to the Depression

Worldwide Effects

Authoritarian States

Conservative Authoritarianism

Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

Stalin’s Soviet Union

From Lenin to Stalin

The Five-Year Plans

Life and Culture in Soviet Society

Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

The Seizure of Power

The Regime in Action

Hitler and Nazism in Germany

The Roots of Nazism

Hitler’s Road to Power

The Nazi State and Society

Hitler’s Popularity

Aggression and Appeasement, 1933–1939

The Second World War, 1939–1945

Hitler’s Empire in Europe, 1939–1942

The Holocaust

Japan’s Asian Empire

The Grand Alliance

The War in Europe, 1942–1945

The War in the Pacific, 1942–1945

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 30 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence British Conservative Party Poster

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Socialism and the Working Class

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Peasant Resistance to Stalin’s Collectivization Plan

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Primo Levi

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Ultranationalist Pamphlet for Japanese Students

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past World War II in the Pacific

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 30　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 30-1:　　Field Office of the Works Progress Administration, ca. 1935　
Quiz for Document 30-1 　LaunchPad

Document 30-2:　　The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation, 1935　
Quiz for Document 30-2 　LaunchPad
Document 30-3:　　Letters to　Izvestiya:　On the Issue of Abortion, 1936　
Quiz for Document 30-3 　LaunchPad
VIEWPOINTS: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Document 30-4:　 Harry S. Truman,　White House Press Release on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945　
Quiz for Document 30-4 　LaunchPad
Document 30-5:　 Toshiko Saeki,　Interview with a Survivor of Hiroshima, 1986　
Quiz for Document 30-5 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 30 　LaunchPad

31. Decolonization, Revolution, and the Cold War, 1945–1968

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The World Remade

The Cold War

The United Nations

The Politics of Liberation

Dependency and Development Theories

Interpreting the Postcolonial Experience

Nationalism in South Asia and the Middle East

Independence in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

Arab Socialism in the Middle East

The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Revolution and Resurgence in East and Southeast Asia

The Communist Victory in China

Conflict in Korea

Japan’s American Reconstruction

The Vietnam War

Decolonization in Africa

The Growth of African Nationalism

Ghana Shows the Way

French-Speaking Regions

Populist and Revolutionary Pathways in Latin America

Economic Nationalism in Mexico

Populism in Argentina and Brazil

Communist Revolution in Cuba

The Limits of Postwar Prosperity

The Soviet Union Struggles to Move Beyond Stalin

Postwar Challenges in Western Europe and the United States

The World in 1968

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 31 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints U.S. and Latin American Views on Development

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Poster Art in Communist China

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian Global Perspectives on the Vietnam War

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Decolonization in Africa, 1947 to the Present

Analyzing the Evidence C. L. R. James on Pan-African Liberation

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Eva Perón

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 31　
Introduction to the Documents

VIEWPOINTS: Decolonization and Dependence
Document 31-1:　 U.N.　General Assembly, Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 1960　
Quiz for Document 31-1 　LaunchPad

Document 31-2: Pablo Neruda,　From　Canto General, 1950　
Quiz for Document 31-3 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 31-3: Harry S. Truman,　The Truman Doctrine, 1947　
Quiz for Document 31-3 　LaunchPad

Document 31-4:　 Nikita Khrushchev,　On the Personality Cult and its Consequences, 1956　
Quiz for Document 31-4 　LaunchPad

Document 31-5:　　Erich Honecker and Fidel Castro, 1974　
Quiz for Document 31-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 31 　LaunchPad

32. Liberalization, 1968–2000s

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

Oil Shocks and Liberalization

The OPEC Oil Embargo

Mexico Under the PRI

Nigeria, Africa’s Giant

War and Revolution in the Middle East

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

Egypt: Arab World Leader

Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq

Latin America: Dictatorship, Debt, and Democratization

Civil Wars in Central America

Boom and Bust in Chile

The Dirty War in Argentina

Development and Dictatorship in Brazil

Resistance to White Rule in Southern Africa

Portuguese Decolonization and Rhodesia

South Africa Under Apartheid

Political Change in Africa Since 1990

Growth and Development in Asia

Japan’s Economic Miracle and the Emergence of the “Asian Tigers”

China’s Economic Resurgence

Development Versus Democracy in India and Pakistan

The End of the Cold War

The Limits of Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

Recasting Russia Without Communism

Integration and Reform in Europe

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 32 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Mapping the Past Abrahamic Religions in the Middle East and Surrounding Regions

Thinking Like a Historian The Struggle for Freedom in South Africa

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence A Member of China’s Red Guards on Democratic Reform

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Tiananmen Square

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Dissidents in Burma and China

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Václav Havel

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 32　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 32-1:　　Museo de la Memoria, Cordoba, Argentina, ca. 2000　
Quiz for Document 32-1 　LaunchPad

VIEWPOINTS: Race and Power in South Africa
Document 32-2:　 National Party of South Africa,　The National Party’s Colour Policy, 1948　
Quiz for Document 32-2 　LaunchPad
Document 32-3:　 Nelson Mandela, The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court, 1964　
Quiz for Document 32-3 　LaunchPad
Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 32-4:　 Deng Xiaoping,　Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, 1984　
Quiz for Document 32-4 　LaunchPad
Document 32-5:　 Male Japanese Citizens, “Íkigai,” 2003　
Quiz for Document 32-5 　LaunchPad
Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 32 　LaunchPad

33. The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

GUIDED READING ACTIVITY　LaunchPad

The End of History?

Complexity and Violence in a Multipolar World

An Expanding Atomic Age

Al-Qaeda and Afghanistan

Global Circulation and Exchange

Migration

Urbanization

Multinational Corporations

Social Movements

Environmentalism

Lesbian, Gay, and Transgender Rights

Women’s Right to Equality

Children: The Right to Childhood

Science and Technology: Changes and Challenges

Intensified Agriculture and the Green Revolution

The Medical Revolution

A Digital Revolution

Chapter Summary

Connections

LearningCurve　LaunchPad

REVIEW AND EXPLORE

Chapter 33 Summative Quiz LaunchPad

Individuals in Society Sieng, a Mnong Refugee in an American High School

Quiz for Individuals in Society 　LaunchPad

Mapping the Past The Global Distribution of Wealth, ca. 2010

Analyzing the Evidence A Brazilian Band on Globalization

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Analyzing the Evidence Protest Against Genetically Modified Foods

Quiz for Analyzing the Evidence 　LaunchPad

Global Viewpoints Women Activists in Chiapas, Mexico

Quiz for Global Viewpoints 　LaunchPad

Thinking Like a Historian The Relationships Between Mosquitos, People, and Epidemics

Quiz for Thinking Like a Historian 　LaunchPad

Documents from　Sources for World Societies, Chapter 33　
Introduction to the Documents

Document 33-1: John Yoo,　Memoranda Regarding U.S. Military Interrogations, 2002, 2003　
Quiz for Document 33-1 　LaunchPad

VIEWPOINTS: Immigration and Assimilation in Postwar Germany
Document 33-2: Giacomo Maturi,　The Integration of the Southern Labor Force and its Specific Adaptation Problems, 1961
Quiz for Document 33-2 　LaunchPad

Document 33-3:　Heidelberg Manifesto, 1982　
Quiz for Document 33-3 　LaunchPad

Viewpoints Comparative Questions

Document 33-4: Betty Friedan,　Statement of Purpose of the National Organization of Women, 1966　
Quiz for Document 33-4 　LaunchPad
Document 33-5: Jonas Bendiksen,　“New Settlement”: A Slum in Caracas, Venezuela, ca. 2000　
Quiz for Document 33-5 　LaunchPad

Comparative Questions

Quiz for Sources of World Societies Chapter 33 　LaunchPad

Index

Timeline A History of World Societies: An Overview

About the Authors

(PDF) Predictors of Use of Traditional Korean Healers Among Elderly Koreans in Los Angeles

prescription (Pang, 1989). Because uninsured people

had to pay for both herbal remedies and prescription

medications out of pocket, they could have opted for

more potent and fast-acting Western medications (Chan

& Chang, 1976b). Also, Western medications may have

been available at a subsidized cost through commu-

nity health centers or as samples provided by a pri-

vate physician. People with Medicaid coverage could

have received Supplemental Security Income, a need-

based form of public assistance as well as prescription

coverage, and consequently had more discretionary

income to be used to purchase traditional care and

herbal remedies. Research among the general U.S.

population has revealed similar findings—the users of

Chinese medicine were more often middle-income

groups (Cassidy, 1998a).

We found that better, rather than worse, psycho-

logical health predicts the use of traditional nealers.

At times, psychological distress is somaticized and acts

like a physical condition, so one would expect that

individuals using traditional healers are more likely to

have higher numbers of depressive symptoms (Klein-

man & Gale, 1982). It is possible that respondents who

reported the use of traditional healers felt healthier

psychologically at the time of the interview because

of the care they had already received.

Western physicians who treat Korean, and increas-

ingly other, patients with vague symptoms

(e.g.,

stom-

ach pain) or hard-to-treat chronic conditions

(e.g.,

arthritis) need to investigate all other treatments being

used by their patients. The herbal treatments used by

traditional healers may have positive medicinal effects

beyond placebo effects (Bensoussan et

al.,

1998; Gert-

ner, Marshall, Filandrinos, Potek, & Smith, 1995; Jonas,

1998). Therefore, the benefits of traditional care

should not be discounted by Western medicine and

could in fact be considered a viable resource in man-

aging certain types of chronic conditions.

On the other hand, physicians need to exercise

caution when treating people who use traditional care.

Despite the complementary use of Western medicine

and traditional healers by many patients, traditional

healers and Western physicians often view each other

with suspicion and discourage the use of medications

prescribed by the other (Pang, 1989). This practice

can result in lack of compliance with the treatment

plans of the Western physicians and erode patient-

provider confidence. In addition, some herbal rem-

edies have been shown to interact with prescribed

medications, have harmful qualities, be harmful if im-

properly prepared or used in inappropriate quantities,

or contain harmful substances (Gertner et al., 1995;

Izzat, Yim, & El-Zufari, 1998; Macia, Navarro, Garcia-

Nieto,

& Garcia, 1995; Tai, But, Young, & Lau, 1992).

Medical practitioners who treat Korean/Asian patients

can potentially avoid treatment complications caused

by the use of nerbal and Western medicines. Comple-

mentary use may not, therefore, necessarily be an

uncomplicated action.

The holistic and the more intimate, involved prac-

tice of traditional medicine has a strong attraction for

users of this care (Astin, 1998; Cassidy, 1998b; Free-

man & Landis, 1997). The changes in the U.S. health

care system have led to a reduction of time Western

physicians can spend with their patients, learn about

their patient’s lives, and provide more than just physi-

cal care. A holistic approach to patient treatment is

increasingly hard to practice under the current finan-

cial pressures to reduce payment to physicians, which

in turn lead to less time spent with patients. Yet, these

techniques may have potential benefits in improv-

ing patient satisfaction with and quality of care as well

as perceptions of well-being and outcomes of care

(Cassidy, 1998a).

Traditional care is not a “cheap” substitute for West-

ern medicine, but instead can be a costly source of

treatment, particularly because much of its cost is paid

out of pocket. Yet, the social aspects of traditional care

are a potentially important factor in health care use.

Older Koreans retain a strong attraction to traditional

healing practices, in contrast to their extremely low

prevalence of use of the home and community

long-

term care services that exist in Los Angeles but not in

Korea (Moon, Lubben, & Villa, 1998). Health and hu-

man service providers could make their services more

acceptable to older Koreans, and other immigrants,

by taking the time to talk with potential clients and

identifying culturally specific elements that could be

incorporated into their programs. Service providers

should also note the role of social networks in increasing

use of traditional healers and work to inform not only

potential service users but their families and social net-

works as

well.

By better understanding the role served

by traditional care providers, we can better adapt con-

temporary services to address the unmet needs of our

diverse population.

References

Aday, L. A., & Andersen, R. M. (1998). Models of health care utilization

behavior. In P. Armitage & T. Colton (Eds.), Encyclopedia of biostatis-

tics. New York: J. Wiley.

Andersen,

R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to

medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior,

36, 1-10.

Astin,

J. A. (1998). Why patients use alternative medicine: Results of a

national study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2790 9),

1548-1553.

Bensoussan, A., Talley, N. J., Hing, M., Menzies, R., Guo, A., & Ngu, M.

(1998). Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Chinese nerbal

medicine: A randomized controlled

trial.

Journal of the American Medical

Association,

28008), 1585-1589.

Cassidy, C. M. (1998a). Chinese medicine users in the United States. Part

I: Utilization, satisfaction, medical plurality. Journal of Alternative and

Complementary

Medicine,

4, 17-27.

Cassidy, C. M. (1998b). Chinese medicine users in the United States. Part

II:

Preferred aspects of care. Journal of Alternative and Complemen-

tary Medicine, 4, 189-202.

Chan,

C. W., & Chang, J. K. (1976a). The role of Chinese medicine in

New York’s Chinatown, Part 1. American Journal of Chinese Medi-

cine, 4, 31-45.

Chan,

C. W., & Chang, J. K. (1976b). The role of Chinese medicine in

New York’s Chinatown, Part 2. American Journal of Chinese Medi-

cine, 4, 129-146.

Commission of Chronic Illness. (1957). Chronic illness in the United

States

(vol.

IV). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Eisenberg, D. M., Davis, R. B., Ettner, S. L, Appel, S., Wilkey, S., Van

Rompay, M., & Kessler, R. C. (1998). Trends in alternative medicine

use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a follow-up national

survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 250(18), 1569-

1575.

Fazel,

M. (1995). Now show me your tongue: A taste of medicine in

China.

Lancet, 346, 1687-1688.

Freeman,

J. W., & Landis, J. (1997). Alternative/complementary therapies.

South Dakota Journal of Medicine, 50(2), 65-66.

Gertner, E., Marshall, P., Filandrinos, D., Potek, A., & Smith, T. (1995).

Complications resulting from the use of Chinese herbal medications

718The Gerontologist

The 5 Biggest Mistakes to Avoid When Buying Your First Home

Buying a home can be an anxiety-ridden process, and that potential anxiety gets amplified for anyone who’s embarking on homeownership for the very first time. There’s so much to do and so much you don’t know that “being overwhelmed” hardly seems like an appropriate description of how it feels.

And even though you don’t want to scare yourself away from the entire process, you still need to be wary of falling into a few common traps that first-time buyers generally don’t avoid. If you’re aware of these five potential mistakes — and able to keep yourself from making them — then you’ll be saving yourself some significant stress on your home buying journey.

Mistake No. 1: Not understanding your down payment options

The biggest headache for so many first-time buyers is the down payment. If you’ve ever bought a car, then you’re probably familiar with the concept — it’s money that you contribute to the total cost of the purchase.

A down payment of just a couple thousand dollars can get you a head start on your car. If you don’t have a certain amount to put down on your home loan, however, you might find yourself paying private mortgage insurance (PMI) on the lifetime of the loan. Depending on your credit score, the bank and other factors, PMI could cost between 0.5 percent to 1 percent of the total loan amount.

Most banks require at least a 20 percent down payment before they will waive the need for PMI on the loan. And most homes in this area cost about $300,000, so that means a buyer would need to bring $60,000 to the table in order to avoid PMI.

However, there are loans that allow you to put as little as 3 percent down on the home ($9,000 for a $300,000 home), which is much more reasonable for a first-time buyer, especially if you can accommodate the annual cost of $1,500 to $3,000 in PMI into your monthly payment amount. And veterans could be eligible for zero-down loan programs with no PMI through the Veterans Administration (VA) loan program, so that’s something else to think about.

There’s one more thing to know about down payment options: Some government organizations and lenders try to incentivize first-time homeownership by offering free down payment grants or loans to qualified buyers. Depending on your age, income level, credit score and other factors, you could qualify for free money to wrap into your down payment; a full rundown of programs is available at downpaymentresource.com.

Mistake No. 2: Not getting prequalified for a loan

Between the amount of money you plan to put down on the home, the potential PMI and other cost factors, your monthly cost could be significantly more (or possibly less) than some of those calculators will show you online.

So before you trust those “estimated monthly mortgage loan amount” numbers that you see popping up next to your potential new dream home on Realtor.com, Zillow or a brokerage website, it pays to figure out what you can actually afford — and that means getting prequalified for a home loan.

This means you will need to talk to a mortgage loan officer and submit a slew of documentation, from your monthly pay stub to your credit score, in order for that loan officer to tell you how much money you can get for your home loan. It’s a little bit painful, but the prequalification letter you’ll get as a result is much more credible than a quick qualification you can pull up on an app — and that means sellers will take it more seriously when it comes time to put in an offer. You’ll have to qualify for a loan eventually anyway, so why not get the painful part out of the way?

Be careful: A bank might approve you for a loan amount that’s realistically more debt than you can carry month-to-month. Consider that you’ll need to pay homeowners’ insurance, taxes and possibly flood insurance on your new property or PMI on your loan, and try to make sure you’re not setting yourself up for a total monthly payment that’s more than about one-third of your household’s take-home pay.

Not only will this help you set your price range for the search stage, but it will also give you confidence that you — yes, you! — can be a successful homeowner someday soon.

Mistake No. 3: Not finding a qualified real estate professional 

It’s so easy to find homes online these days that you may wonder why a real estate professional is even necessary. After all, isn’t the hard part — finding the place you want to buy — something you can do yourself?

Well, maybe. But the process of buying and selling a home is filled with 100’s of details that need to be planned for and navigated to a successful outcome. Not to mention areas with competitive markets where you’re probably not seeing the most updated listings — that home you just fell in love with online might be under contract before you can set up a time to tour it.

Not only can a real estate professional make sure you have access to listings the second they hit the MLS, but a licensed real estate professional can also provide expertise on the area where you want to move. Whether that’s feedback on who can help you with homeowners’ insurance quotes to warnings about some of the challenges of owning a home in that particular area, you want to work with an honest professional dedicated to protecting your interests and those of the public. 

A real estate professional is an invaluable resource.

Here are some questions to ask any real estate professional you’re interviewing:

• How long have you sold real estate?
• How long have you sold real estate in this neighborhood in particular?
• What can you tell me about the energy options in the area?
• What else should I know about utilities, like water/sewer and other amenities?
• What do other clients who have moved here like about the area? What don’t they like?
• What do people in this area like to do for fun? What are some popular weekend activities?
• What can I expect about the buying process? What steps should I be especially aware of, and how will we stay in communication?

A real estate professional who’s an area expert should have no trouble answering the lifestyle questions, and a real estate professional who’s a transaction-management ace can help you understand exactly what you’re in for, how long it’s likely to take and what rewards await you at the end of the tunnel.

Mistake No. 4: Not spending the night in the neighborhood

If it’s at all possible, see if you can find an Airbnb or another vacation-rental type of setup where you can crash for a night or two — preferably closer to a week — so you can try your new neighborhood on for size.

Is an 8 a.m. arrival time at work still reasonable with this neighborhood’s commute? This is an opportunity for you to start navigating your way around public transportation or new routes to work so you know exactly what you’re signing up for.

Where are the closest grocery stores, parks, rec centers and hiking trails? Figure out where you’re going to shop and work out, and where you can spend time outside walking the dog or enjoying nature. That way you won’t kick yourself later for realizing too late that something you really value isn’t available.

And what are the overnight noise levels like, anyway? If there’s a train that rolls through town in the early hours of the morning, you’re near a highway or a flight path — and any of that is going to disturb you — then it’s best to figure it out before you’re spending your first night in your new home and wake up to unpleasant (and unexpected) noises. 

At the very least, you can learn enough about the neighborhood to know how close to (or far away from) the bus line you need or want to be and target your home search accordingly.

Mistake No. 5: Not understanding what’s fixable and what’s a deal-breaker

Those drop panels in the ceiling are hideous, and you can’t imagine how anyone can fit into that minuscule bathtub.

Are those annoyances that can be fixed or deal-breakers that mean you should pass on the property entirely?

This is another area where a good real estate agent can help. They see so many houses in various stages of repair and updating that they can show you where you can claim another foot or two for bathtub space (and help you figure out how much it will cost and who’s trustworthy enough to take on the job) or let you know that the ceilings are too low for any changes to make much of a difference. They can also give you an idea of what’s up to code and what simply won’t pass an inspection in 2017, so you know what concessions to request as soon as you’re ready to make an offer.

In markets where entry-level homes are getting snatched up as soon as they hit the market, knowing what’s acceptable and what you just can’t take is a huge advantage — it’ll help you make a decision, with confidence, on the fly.

None of these mistakes will keep you from buying a home of your own — but they could delay the process and cost you hundreds (if not thousands) of dollars at the end of the day. But if you’re able to avoid them, you’ll be signing the closing papers on your dream home before you know it!

Free Court Case – Cases for court pennsylvania pennsylvania unified for 2019-03-13

Boyle, Kyle Quinn,Batista-Vazquez, Eduardo H,In Re: Blocker, Danielle Elizab,CARSON, Darryl,Stein, Benjamin Francis,Taylor, Wendy,Sykes, Brian Joseph,Lekites, Keenan Tyler,Bergman, RUSSELL Charles Jr.,Ray, Tina,King, CALN,Lairmore, Ricky Eugene,Markish, Seth Aaron,Hines, Michael A.,Goodrich, Jason,Smeltzer, John Earl,In Re: Forfeiture, US Currency,$1,598.00,Irey, Dawn Nicole,Cooper, Tanisha,Fetzer, Scott Lee,Eckman, Corrin Michele,Magnotta, Andrea Marie,CAZZA, Elissa Beth,Rodriguez, Kristian Luis,IMMEKUS, Andrew W.,Adley, Jill M.,In Re: Forfeiture, US Currency, $4,380.00,Easley, Andrew,Sherman, Dylan Kenneth,Wilson, Antoine,Mallia, Ann,In Re: PSYCHOLOGICAL Examination for Adult Probation Officers to CARRY Firearms in the Performance of Their Duty,Kiriakoy (Welch), Megan Marie,George, Jalen Anternes,Wike, Brandon T.,Atkinson, Melissa,In Re: Wilkerson-Franks, Derrick,Scott, Bernard,Rodriguez, Emiliana Pilar,Martin, CARRIE Lynn,Owczarek, Samantha Jolynn,In Re: Knight, Christian J.,Dennis, Jamal J.,Singh, Jagjin,Soleta, Nicole,Didomenico, Gino Vincent,Jennings, Lamoungh Dontae,In Re: Newman, Shamere,Dellle, Manuel,Rodriguez, Jose Luis,Schumacher, Frank,Waller, Damen,Griffin, Jonquise D.,Dolley, Mamadee,Sebo, Sherry Lynn,Falu, Nicholas,Lehmeier, Mason Paul,In Re: Ware, Bahiyah B.,Hancock, Robert Curtis,Kline, Robert Lewis Jr.,Harpster, CASSIDY Nicole,Kisner, Labrea Lynn,Green, Rooselt Maquell,Chim, Tim,Orr, Jesse Tyler,Stefanowicz, Ronald,Ammons, Terra S.,Stott, Joshua Dad,Hayes 7ixiii, Brandon,MCANALLEN, Scott Michael,Morrison, Zefflin Lee Arthur Jr.,Young, Tyree Marquise,Rosado, Angel Luis Jr.,Bertoch, Raymond JULIUS Iii,Bates, Dawontay Dawond,Trostle, Heather Marie,McCracken, Ken Curtis,Saylor, Brenden Fitzwilliams,Young, Rahmeer,Lacey, Scott Michael,Commonwealth of Pennsylnia,Honnick, Thomas Charles,Hall, Kaniyah Katrina,Newcomer, Brandon Eugene,Young, Ashley Lashauna,Betts, Demoreaze Jamill,Medina, Edgardo,Kalesnik, Andrew Alan,Forster, Kandace L.,Forbes, Katie Lynn,Keys, Jordan Scott,Zimmerman, Chris Robert,Menifield, RICARDO Marquise,Wombacker, Cory James,Colson, Deshaun Lamar,Crawford, Shantell,Gonzalez, Emily M.,Stauffer, Linda Jean,Medina, Alexander Antonio,Erett, Curtis Thomas,TITUS, Patricia L.,Heron, Joshua Tyler,Yurkonis, Joseph Michael,In Re: Forfeiture, US Currency, $56,672.00,Allen, Anias,Cofresi-Otero, Leniel Alejandro,Tedeschi, Alexa R.,Steban, John James,In Re: Medina, Brian,Gupon, Author,Berry, Stephan L.,Ruiz, Rubiel Correa,Barksdale, MARCUS,Motter, Damien Elwood,Taylor, Terence M.,Long, Ary Nathan,In Re: COUSETTE, McKale,Hall, Kolby AUSTIN,Culler, Darrin Charles,Donaldson, James Anthony Jr.,Worthington, Tras Lee,Pichardo, Jason,Williams, Reshawn,Shorter, Dad A,Is, Keshi Deoy,Thomas, Elisha,Boggs Township,Schmuck, Galen E.,Gan, Megan E.,Buckner, Tyleer,Welch, Richard Kenneth,Lipyanic, Sasha,Wilson, Robert J.,CALDWELL, Shana R.,Suber, James,Diorio, Christina L,Firestone, Chad Michael,Lippincott, Terry Robert Jr.,Bolden, Patricia,Lydzinski, Nicholas Joseph,Jackson, Antonio Eugene,Stahl, Michael Dad,Ayers, Tysone C.,Lee, Sten George,Stidsen, Erik Von,Wright, Eric,Thomas, Troy Kendall Jr.,In Re: John E Cooper,Holland, Brandon Nathaniel,CLOUSE, Joshua Alan Sr.,In Re: Rios, Nancy,Nowell, Genta Lall,Guman, Ignacia,Morgan, Corey Le,Wesley, Diana,Mitchell, Michael Dad,Wilmore, Amina,Brown, Kenneth,Benson, Jayson,Cozzi, Chris Anthony,Nies De JESUS, Gamalier,Lynch, Maryann,Williams, Safien,Shipman, Jeremy Donald,Halstead, Emanuel,In Re: MISCELLANEOUS CASH Receipts for Family Court Drug Testing,Orsini, Moses,Willis, Darren Joseph,In Re: Klein, Ethan Morris,Batchelor, Joshua Joseph,Nuzum, Richard,Matthews, Mark,Henny, Ian Scot,Mentzer, Billy Joe,Alexander, Darun Marquis,Galn, JESUS Ramiro,Estrada-Vega, Horacio,Hudzik, Gary Stanley,Green, Rooselt,Gunn, Dayshawn,Taylor, Terrance Maurice,Rodriguez, Miguel,Scott, Kerry Regan,Heckman, Mathew Allen,Ramsden, Margaret Mary,Morrow, Christopher Eric,In Re: Forfeiture US Currency $10,398.00,Finkele, Matthew,Bentley, Lewis Edward Jr.,Tan, Alishia Elaina,Benedetto, Andria Dorothy,Perkins, Tyre Sterling,Bean, Melissa L.,Stiffey, Cody Earl,Jarbie, Muhammed,Dones, Efrain,Reichard, Andrew Scott,Alrena, Gabryelle SUSAN,Gallo, Tara Marie,313 Prospect Partners LP,In Re: McClain, Vincent,Platt, Briana Elizabeth,Richardson , Darryl,Scott, Anthony E.,Gibler, Donald Edward,Perkins, Danita C.,Volk, Maretta Lee,Klinger, Leah Hope,Welder, Clair M Jr.,CAUGHEY, CALISTA Jean,Fye, Kyle Gary,Mullineaux, Bryan Michae,Diangelo, Matthew Mark,Phillips-Montgomery, Tre,Petiton for Confirmation of Voluntary Forfeiture,Dolan, Denise,Dickinson, Anthony James,Johnson, Anthony Ken,Raymond, JUSTIN,Beckwith, Jesse Alan,Holtz, Trer,Limardo, Angel,Clark, Amy Jo,Palermini, Stephen R.,Hall, Daisha,Perez, Jonathan,Nates, Matthew D,Oelke, Robyn Elian,Purinton, Sarah Elizabeth,Brown, Robert,Sullinger, Michelle Lynn,In Re: Boodoo, Michael,Toro, Diego Fernando,Lowery, Courtney Megan,White, Jesse Joseph,Mahan, Taylor,Santana, Johanny,Newcomer, Eric Daniel,Champion, Jennifer SUSAN,CARMODY, Douglas W,Grogan, Tiffany,Mount, William,Das, Darnell,Messa, Michael,Rudisill, Ayana Nicole,Reno, Michael A.,Blata, Isen,RUSSELL, Gina,Cinque, Michael P.,In Re: Forfeiture US Currency $2,490.00,Kim, Sandy,Powers, Richard Marcel,Monteiro, Luiz Miguel,Leister, Shawn Lee,LIPPUS, Brianna Lee,Meo, Michael Jr.,Collins, William E.,Dad, Christopher Ryan,McIntyre, Dondre O.,Silk, Delmar Edward,McKissick, Thomas Robert,Fairchild, Pamela Ann,McLaughlin, Alexander Kenneth,Sanabria, Celso,Chace, Nicole Ann,Alexander, Joseph,Rolon, Dandres,Berry, Rashan,Pisano, Robert,Owad, Gabriella,Wade, Tyrone Jammal,Clark, Joseph John,Shamer, Paul B.,Loness, JESSICA Elizabeth,Bradley, Michael Colin,Wilson, Michael Owen,Robins, LUKE,Wright, Brucie Jessi,Spurill, Derrick,RUSSELL, Ken,Eckles, ALEXUS C.,Fernandez-Vazquez, Yajai,Tetlow, Amanda Brooke,Ortiz, Misael,Gonzalez, Angel OSCAR,Martin, Ethan Andrew,In Re: Dutrow Sr., CALN Eugene,Moore, William Westley,Gottschall, Brian Lee,Anderson, Charles Anthony,McIntosh, Tyler,Iams, Richard Weller,Hughes, Michael,Sharp, Robert Alfred,Rugg, Donald Eugene,Kennedy, Timothy,Randall, Michael Amani,Das, Khaleef,Blystone, Sally,Hall, Alonzo Jerome,FERGUSON, Mitchell James,Perdue, Jennifer N.,Pressley, Ernest,In Re: Johnson, Jayn Jamir,Satchell, Mark,In Re: Morris, Tracy,Williams, Mark,Renninger, Sheena Dawn,Leggett, Jerone,Kohn, Jason Thomas,Van Sloun, Annalise M.,Stein, Joshua Martin,Martell, Dad JUSTICE,German, Meirelys,Brodo, Michael A.,CASKEY, Marn James Iii,Sies, Robert Edward Iii,Grebe, Keith Allen Jr.,Hammond, Seth D.,Kelley, Donald Douglas,Ali, Tijjani Mohammed,Parker, Jason,Heckman, Scott Daniel,Das, Emily Elizabeth,McIntyre, Dylan Robert,Birchfield, Greg A.,Sallard, Matthew,CAMPBELL, Hassan,Sweet, Tanisha M.,Hottle, Tiffany Marie,Santora, Anthony Georgio,Small, Taron,Pittman, Netisha,In Re: Fernandez, OSCAR,Jericho, Larry Earl,Gallagher, Cynthia H.,Garcia, Luis Adolfo,In Re: Palmer, Jamal,Marrero, Arnaldo,Luzier, Joshua Thomas,Stone, Thomas Jarrod,Rosario, Victor,Reinhart, Brandy Renee,Arkoch, Dad Anthony Jr.,Lunney, Mark Daniel Jr.,Gill, Andre,Onorato, Richard R. Jr.,In Re: Johnson, Anthony M. Sr.,In Re: Garcia, Amire,Smith, James,Jones, Sharon Denise,Ary, MICAH Danyell,In Re: McCrary, Randoplh,Terrette, Daniel Ryan,Taylor, Joseph,Vanderpool, John James Jr.,In Re: Way, Zahair,Marol, Gail Lorae,Joseph, Lindsay,Asante, Robert,Coleman, Aniya,Lopez, Melissa,Schilling, Gregory A,Bottaro, Deborah Lee,Drayton, Donnell,Gaines, Marquese Haasan,In Re: Parker, Robin,Joseph, Brian Michael,Holmes, Den Michael,Coleman, Bethanie J.,Dreese, Isaiah Anthony,Pitre-Ramos, Hector,Shockley, Anthony Duran,Kenyon, Robert F.,Roane, Richard,Martindale, Melissa Anna,In Re: 2018 Municipal Annual Audit-Rome Twp,Masciotti, Lisa M.,Johnson, Mikal Joseph,Armes, Paula D.,Patton, Sara Ann,Edwards, Alana,Polk, Richard,Wilson, Todd Anthony,Bressler, Kenneth L,Shider, Naquan Antonio,Toler, Joshua Edward,Gordon, Frank,Lane, Deborine,Coyle, Christopher,In Re: Reece, Nigel,Holmes, Shannon Lee,Anspach, Robert Michael,Mitchell, Walter R,Rel, Dana Patrick,Shore, AUSTIN James,Portillo Reyes, Fredy Donay,Vaughn, Niyaad,Boychuck, Tras Walter,Roog, Robert Frederick,Pendergrass, Danny,TRUSH, John William,Dougherty, Brad Jason,Hahn, Nathan Allan,Bronson, Christina L.,Ayala, Brandon Sr.,REGENFUSE, Joshua Michael,Brant, Drew Michael,Bloom, Garrick Landon,Wright, Ramel Maurice,Ramos, Jose Antonio Jr.,Archer, Anthony,Dittmer, Dawn CATHERINE,Roberts, Matthew C,Kammerdiener, Daniel Ray,Lansberry, Tras Wayne,Albrite, Isaac James,Sturdent, Lindsay Kelly,CAHALL, Logan James,Smith, Kareem Michael,Gonzalez, Angelina Tara,BIANCA, Eric Lee,Drumm, Connel Nashoba,Parks, Aaron Robert,CAROSI, Kari Jo,Gabel, John Leroy, Iii,Mont, Sten T.,Simmons, Brad A,Nagle, Chynna-Blu,Cuebas, Andre William,Cline, Jason Lee,Perez-Santos, Sergio Yomar,Kepcsynski, Brian,Sensenig, Holly,Thomas, Cody Ray,Renninger, Jeremy Howard,Clapsaddle, Jeffrey Allen,Sliman, John B.,Monahan, Michael Jay,CAMPBELL, Chloe Marie,Shara, Alexis Doria,Delong, Michael Andrew,Beasley, Ariah,Corona, Luis,Sostarecz, Jeffrey,Weikel, Courtney June,Petition for Forfeiture and Condemnation,Lander, Dennis J,Chicka, Michael Ste Jr.,In Re: Wright, James,Santiago, RICARDO Iii,MCCUSKER, Samantha Jo,Jury Selection, Schuylkill,Byers, James,Crowl, Den Tyler,Bodden, Angel Fernande,Geibel, Megan Marie,Shaw, George Edward,Hollarn, Dennis James,Steinruck, Joel James,Galloway, Ken Nathaniel,In Re: Alequin, Anthony,Meln, Donald,LIGHTCAP, Joseph Samuel,Morrell, Billie,Frohman, Matthew,Alburg, Dontae,Cruz, Wendy,Patton, Marblet,Barnes, Melissa,Kimmich, William R.,Endick, Sten Jr.,Brabazon, Ashley A.,Bowens, Timothy,In Re: Sessay, Blessen,Ott, Rennae Elizabeth,Vargas, Amber Marie,Baker, Robert Donald,Wilson, Shelby Shawn,Boyce, Joseph C,Rira, Heriberto,Peters, Dakota Michael,Hayes, Olando,Floch, Kellie A.,O’boyle, Ken M,Franklin, Damion Cole,Dockery, Jharon,Bensing, Robert Dale,Moore, Amanda CATHERINE,Seifert, James Edward Jr.,Hewes, Shane Allen,Williamson, Dwight Lynwood,Smith, Randell Keith Ii,Foster, Emily Claire,Talbott, Jeremey Allan,Miller, Nathaniel L,Rios, Jose,Hershek Pierson, Kyle DUSTIN,Lyons, Matthew,Bojanac, Linda Jean,Groves, Samantha,Spear, Joshua Aaron,Bennett, Tyrelle M.,Gunter, Maureen Beatrice,RANDOLPH, Frank Joseph,In Re: Forfeiture $855.00,Maria, Kaitlyn Gabrielle,Irizarry-Rosado, Hazael,Tingley, Richard H.,Moses, Derek DUSTY,Monte, Saykou,Dor, Najee,Majdic, Jeffrey,Falk, Drisauna Marie,McIntire, Seth AUSTIN,Storoz, Dad Shawn,Tarez-Berroa, Ramfis,Jones, Rahmel Anthony,Eutsey, Samaj Ashad,Fitzgerald, Desmond Desh,Estrella, Israel King,Kappes, Shelby,Fox, William John Iv,Moses, Derek D,Dougherty, Antonina,Marteins, Michael A. Winckler,CAPIGA, Ashley Ann,Holzer, Phillip,Frankenfield, Paul Andrew,Boyle, Cory Allen,Feliciano CAQUIAS, Luis,McNicholas, Alan Dad,Walker, Isaiah Lamar,Stinnie, Tony Douglas,CARL, Daniel Clayton,In Re: Rodriguez Vargas, Jaer,Vanderpool, Jason Thomas,Beatty, Megan Michelle,Danilchak, Stephen,Suits-Serridge, Patrick,Martin, Daniel Bradley,Gibbs, Charmont,Clark, Keith Allan,Ritt, Jason Eugene,MASTRUSERIO, Joshua Charles,Ulloa, Josiel,Boahene, Charles Yeboah,Dennison, Kendall Lamar,Hall, Briana,KRIEGER/CALLAHAN, Brenda Joyce,In Re: Dawkins, Rodney,McCullough, Marc John,CANFIELD, Cole Sten,Hudson, Demetre,Cerniglia, Michael,Cosby, Glenn,Holliday, Billie-Jean Brittany,Turner, Maynard S.,Leon-Ortega, Lazaro,Foster, Jimmy Lee,Jones, Rasheme Lynwood,Cherry, Jason Michael,Cobb, Arnold Anthony,CAESAR, Heather Rae,Pine, Scott RUSSELL,Dad, Christopher R.,Woodring, REBECCA Sue,Fuentes, Hiram,Ayres, Kathleen Anne,Koch, Bobbi Jo,Stock, Neil,Cottom, Byron R.,Cochran, Kyle Spencer,Mitchell, Erron Darnell,Valrde, Felix,Ahaamid, Jasmin Kareema,CANAZARO, Joseph Michael,Stefanowicz, Michelle Christine,Wallett, Amy Sara,Gatrell, Clyde Eugene,Ates, Eshaad Siyon,Deitrick, Chad Anthony,Empson, Joseph Michael,Delong, Jayde M.,Montgomery, Jared,Organ, Asia Daughn,Buckley, John,Roa-Baez, Christopher,Santiago, Antonio,Spengler, John F.,Marzullo, Jacob Thomas,In Re: Blackwell Iii, William,Sabo, Nathan Tyler,Melendez, CALIXTO Jr.,Sil-Santos, Ramon Dhiego,Agolia, Richard,Cruz, Jose,Stowe, Alnira Queen,Gashi, Liridon,CARTER, Jack Le,Smith, Belinda Sue,Brown, Aaron Devaugntae,Dietz, Aadrian,Williams, Darryl,Naulty, Michael,Frey, Max Nicholas,Bednar, Christine Michel,Broxton, Marquita TOCCAR,Lombardozzi, Kate,Hanna, Isaac Thabet Isaac,Rira-Saldir, Fernando Arturo,Brown, Nicole Marie,McEwen, Ashley Scott,Dumm, Lauren Elizabeth,Guthrie, Mark Mitchell Jr.,Atkins, Deshaun,Smith, Michelle Lee,Riese, Brandon M.,Beachel, Dad Jr.,In Re: DEJESUS, Christian,Greth, Bradley Allen,Chacko, Michael Eugene,Rork, Michael W,Eckert, Michael Joseph,BUSH, Bernard,Johnson, Bruce,Das, Lonnie,Leandre, Mydro,Stough, Nikki Marie,Bolar, William Earl,Daniels, Lauren Samatha,Linares, Pierre,Ripka, John E.,Scott, Malcolm,MCMANUS, Hope Ann,Dignazio, Mary Agnes,Anderson, Derek Robert,Fry, Megan Leann,Arzuaga-Ortiz, Jorge L.,Mattis, Frank Saltor,Reckner, Jeffrey Herbert,Brutout, Chad William,HOUSE, Terry L.,Himmel, James L.,Harris, JUSTICE Ameer,Tanner, Ashlynne Nicole,Bolling, Larry Glenn Scott,McCloy, Joseph William,Potter, Joshua,Williams, Sandra,Guy, Jakeira,Melendez, William,Williams, Timothy,Norris, DUSTIN John,Gilken, Kristian,Wilson, Tamea Monique,Dempsey, John Elwood,Jamison, Adelia Kristy,Oswald, Korey M,Bonifazi, Arthur N.,ZIEGENFUS, W Lynn Jr.,Higgs, Ronald Irng Jr.,Leija, Jorge CASTRO,Pollack, Stephen John,Williams, Tybir,Reed, Anna Marie,Quiles, Robert,Sierra, Jeffrey,Tuohey, Nicole Elizabeth,Bark, Amber Jo,Moore, Qasim,Meenan, Annabel R.,Daniels, Lauren,Walling, Garrett CAMPION,MCMANUS, Barbara Marie,Young, Michael Dale,Melendez, Alejandro James,Rhodes, Victoria L.,In Re: Mobley, Amerika,Moore, Anisah Aigner,Moore, Jonathan Derrick,Baker, Richard Zane,Mulney, Jeremy Dad,Rattay, Anna Marie,Perallo, Thomas Joseph,Bouer, Jared P.,Ruhl, Eleanor Elizabeth,Thompson, Kenneth Dean Jr.,Emerick, Christina C.,Tillman, Grant H. Jr.,Orr, Robert W.,Eberts, Troy Allen,Gless, Marquis,Hofmann, Stacey L.,Gongloff, Brian Keith,Gockley, Joshua Lee,Brice, Jeremiah MUSTAFA,Ireland, James Robert,Hampton, Samuel,Johnson, Keneya Lynne,Ambrose, Wayne M.,PICCAR, Joshua Vincent,Vincent, Marc Anthony,Betchoski, Brian Andrew,Smith, Collin James,Marshall, Hunter Lee,Didomenico, Guyton Pete,Blakely, John Charles,Hunter, Don’tray Jawanza,Schrantz, Jeffrey Michael,Jones, Kristin Cerise,Johnson, Kristopher Lamar,Knepp, Shelton Lynn,Griffith, Lori Lyn,Sprague, Corinne Elizabeth,Venezia, Jennifer,Mendez, Jose A.,Ortiz-Martir, Joe,Estrada-Lopez, JESUS A.,Diirner, Jason Lee,Jamison, Ste Robert,O’connell, Warren R.,Lopez, Hector Nicholas,Petition for Confimaton of Voluntary Forfeiture,Burn, Ken Robert,Grimes, Kelsey Teresa,Deto, Albert Joseph,Graehling, Joshua A.,Williams, Brandon,Rigos, Christopher James,Pollock, Brian Paul,Slayman, Kyle Wade,Hermann, Matt,Fitzgerald, Connor Patrick,Kimmel, Dad James,Scott, Erika Janelle,Payne, Aaron Philip,Hall, Jilna,MASCARA, Joel D,Bergerstock, Joel En,Fowler, William Thomas,Raines, Chelsea Dawn,O’brien, Sean,Kelley, Dallas Michael,Shrawder, Sarah E.,Firestine, Patrick Michael,Perry Lee, MONICCA Renay,Robison, Daniel Edward Jr.,Shettle, Ashley Nicole,Moore, Alex Benjamin,Thompson, Den Bryan,Gibson, Leroy,Leon, Alex,LASICA, Anthony D.,CASTRANIO, Alisha Marie,Messing, Richard,In Re: Forfeiture, US Currency,$1,727.00,Miller, Sharay,Wragg, Mariah CARLETTA,Richardson, Donya Jaquan,Ayala, Efrain,In Re: Soto, Tony,Sanger, Brian Keith,Rankin, Robert Ryan,Swartz, Cynthia Bennett,Kotze, Jason Michael,DUNCAN, William Gerald,Fuller, Eric,In Re: CARTER Iii, James,Taylor, Shannon Louise,Mullen, Leo Richard,Freeman, Ronald Earl,Anderson, Kelsie,Hyland, Nora,Kitchner, JUSTIN,Bobojelick, Jonathan Anthony,Siegler, Joshua,CAPIGA, Ashley,Noel, Joshua E.,Chall, Dimire Michael,McClellan, Jeffery Erin,Lineburg-Allen, MARCUS,Moyer, Dad Allen,Frazier, Tarik,Jarrett, Brittney E.,Goode, Shabbarea,Baker, en L.,Stacey, Brandon Tyler,Buchanan, Richard Francis,Ortiz-Morales, Johnattan Daniel,Garcia, Emanuel,Ellis, Dad,Tesauro, Nikieta,Delorbe, Jose RICARDO,Simpson, Mathew,Butts, Thomas L.,Ramirez, Sergio,Butts, Seth Jordan,TITUS, Richard Wayne Jr.,Mitchell, Noelle Nicole,In Re: Montgomery County District Attorney’s Office,Hahn, Nathan Allen,Delaney, Christopher Allen,Yanssens, JUSTIN L.,MCCALL, Jaleel,Dyszel, Den Marie,Toman, Brett Michael,Rhoades, James RALPH,Mozzoli, Michael,Spencer, Aaron,Rochester, DEMETRIUS Andrew,Count, Jeremy Robert,Berke, Sharon L.,Wargo, John A.,Negron-Rios, Jose,Young, Nicholas W.,Nguyen, Nhut M.,Vasko, Dylan John,McGaffin, Deborah,Walker, Tracey L,Clark, Tiera,Karpeal, Brittney Ann,Pabon, Maria Elena,TOSCANO, Jose Antonio,Teribery, Dominic Leslie,Wilson, John Kenneth,Marconi, John Reynold Jr.,Phiri, Mekani Arthur,Walter, Ryan Bradley,Mignogna, Dad Kyle,Gourley, Robert W.,Joseph, Tiffany J.,Henry, Jeffrey Todd,Burgos, Stephany A.,Rodriguez, Anthony S.,Cooper, Karen Marie,Martinez, Daniel R.,CASTRO, Israel,In Re: Green, Andre,Geer, Andrea Lynn,Hull, Mary Ellen,Jones;jr, Malik Kamal Reas,Cleary, Victor Anthony Jr.,Lex, Joshua Patrick,Finley, Natalie,YARUSSI, Michael A.,Taylor, Walter,Keller, Jeffrey Boyd,Clark, James Nathan,Stockton, Tyquan Parish,Jackson, Anthony Derrell,Patton, Jason Troy,Wood, Kimberly B.,Erskine, Alen Edward,Santiago, Jack,Hary, Tyrice D.,Berdine, Benjamin,Andres, Sheena Marie,Santos-Cruz, Efren,Brown, Wes Lee,Wallace, Melinda Ann,In Re: MISCELLANEOUS CASH Receipts for the Chester County Dui Program,Hellner, Ryan James,Mitchell, Charles Edward,Thompson, Kaz Storm,Guest, Darryl Lionel,Adams, Brandon W.,Winter, JUSTIN,Hopkins, Daniel George,In Re: Murphy, Clarence,Halstead, Ceejay Brian,Defelice, Eric Thomas,Phillips, CAMERON,Cobb, Garrett Lee,VELOUSKY, Mary E.,Willis, CARL A.,Young, Jennifer Ann,Croom, John,Meling, Keith Anthony,Cemini, Michael,Ross, Jalil Amin,Kinney, Joseph John, Jr,Miller, Tiffany Anna,Winter, Geri Ellen,Guty, Roxanne Lynn,Buckwalter, Lon Vincent,Laird, Michael Anthony,Lacey, Jamal Dayton,Gorney, Kathryn Grace,Zachary, Lieonka,Roberts, Daughn Roshane,Williamson, Dawn,Robinson, Thomas Edmund,Shuman, Dean Allan,Crawford, Donald,Frisco, Peter,Kolesnik, Debby Nicole,Flores-Narro, Anthony,Quick, Brandie Jean,Pacheco, Felixmil,In Re: Forfeiture $881.00,Stahl, Daniel Weston,Robinson, Siani Dior,Sarr, Keeton Meade,Naylor, Christian Ross,In Re: Bynum, Ezerrell Anton,Gale, Thomas J.,Perrin, Tyrell,Rigler, Daniel Ryan,Eas Duane,Lesko, Sten James,Danese, Michael Christopher,Smith, Alexander J,Byrd, Jonathan,Vankirk, Gary Alan,Quadrini, Christopher R.,Crawford, Ryshawn,In Re: Barnes, Jonathan,Kahl, Safari Skye,Maldonado-Perez, Brian,In Re: Termporary Absence From Office,Adam, Scott Clair,Outman, Erin Leigh,In Re: MISCELLANEOUS Orders,Ogletree, Brian Ray,Stewart, Mahagong,DEJESUS, Juan,Moore, Eugene Howard,Herd, John Philip,Yurkonis, JUSTIN Matthew,Smith, Kristea A.,Thompson, Cori,Joseph, Alton I.,Jean, Jerry,McConnell, Crystal Marie,CARRASQUILLO, Yesenia,Sanner, Joshua Jay,Smith, Michael Henry,Shaeffer, Dylan Tyler,Copeland, Moses,Underkoffler, Andrew Charles,Washington, Barton,Stromberg, Ken Patrick,Mooney, Joshua John,CATCHINGS, Eugene,Hermann, Dyann,Clayton, JUNIUS R,Vega-Torres, Roberto,Eck, John Paul,Petchonka, Jordan Martin,Frankenfield, Paul A.,In Re: Rios-Valentin, Leonor,Elardo, Anthony Martin,Auditor Report, Independent,Lake, Syla Marie,McCracken, Mark W.,Hugston, Peter,Cherok, Shaun,Colon, Christopher,Maddox, Shakira Danielle,Pastoc, Damien Paul,Geckle, Timothy,Glenn, Alexandra,Principe, Jose,CARR, Charles Arrington,Pearce, Adam Lee,Pennington, Sarah Jean,Rosenblatt, Samuel Harrison,Hannold, Kenneth William,Wolfe, Chad William,Jamison, Johaam Asmar,Drummond, Don Irn,Goldberg, Daneil J.,Knisley, Tras C.,Miller, Michele Renee,In Re: Williams, Frank,Misouria, Britney Louise,Lasek, Raymond P.,Gugliucci, Patrick Sean,Lingston, Shawn Patrick,Angel-Diaz, Luis,Holmes, Dad Lithie,Stubblebine, Melissa,Baker, Thomas,Didonne, Autumn Joy,Miller, Kyra Brittany,Ross, Ray Sr.,Arnold, Joshua Taylor,Anderson, Rachel Deborah,Bowles, Atiba Jamal,LUCAS, Cortez Rai,Julia, Robert,Strange, Nicholas,Lawrence, Kenroy C.,Velasquez, CARLOS M.,In Re: Guzman, Cesar,Wright, Jamie C.,King, Kelly Lynn,Tease, Thomas Charles,Mehalick, JUSTIN T.,Hashem, ERICA Lynn,Franklin, Rogers Lamar,Wang, Luyao,Rira, Samuel,Arlott, Patricia L.,Briggs-Johnson, Adele,Okonski, McKenzie Lynn,Schafer, George Thomas,Moore, Johnathan T.,In Re: Crampsie, Kathleen,Emig, JESSICA Lee,Serrano, Jazlynn L.,Hartage, Dhymeir,SCANNELL, Brian,Wilson, Tamea M.,Garcia, Jose L.,Richardson, Pamela,Lin, Chun,Miller, Douglas,Jackson, Allen Christopher,Tindal, Marquis A.,Hendershot, Shelley Lynn,Mullen, Kirk J,Montgomery, Jahmeer,Maconaghy, Shannon Elizabeth,Stahl, Kyle Michael,Angelo-Nies, Michael,Toy, Addison Lewis,Barnes, Ricky,Bunce, George B.,Branch, Kyle,Thomas, Theodore John,Wright, Samuel Lee Jr.,In Re: Roman, Ramon,McCracken, Elizabeth,Coots, Jerome,Daley, Kimberly Delores,Stotka, Bryan Edward,Brown, Alexander,Burley, Hakeem L.,Brewer, Karissa L.,McDaniel, Jorge Manuel,KUSTAFIK, Derek M.,Burley, Dennis L.,Crowe, John Michael,Ortiz-Ayala, Thomas Antonio,RUSSELL, Shane Fredrick,Barrick Vanscyoc, Hayley Ales,In Re: Forfeiture US Currency $5,500.00,Clark, Terry Lee Iii,Baull, Joshua Scott,Brown, Roger,Railey, Jeffery Ken,Lee, Donald James,Brown, Bradley Eugene,Klahre, Brittney Noel,Gersbach, Leah M.,Louis, Kensie Jr.,Kern, Kaylee Francis,Thompson, Clifton Edward,Ostlund, Brenda,Montague, Terry,Mourar, Gan,Thomas, Jared,Battle, Dainna Marie,Stepien, Alexander Jeffrey,Boyer, James Edward,Lowe, Mason Glenn,Cole, Dad Jasper,CAMARATA, Katharine Lynn,Marrero-Ortiz, Juan,Bold, Virginia Lee,Larkin, Sean Ware,White, Debra Joann,Gillaugh, Tiffani Miranda,In Re: Small, Zaire T.,Thompson, Christopher,Mangan, CALEY Patrick,Tidd, Kody Allen

Inconsistencies in global brands and their affect on

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. Literature Review

2.1. Global Brands and Local Brands

2.1.1. Brands and branding

2.1.2. Types of Brands

2.1.2.1. Global Brands Definition

2.1.2.2. Local Brands Definition

2.1.3. Reasons to choose

2.1.3.1. Reasons to choose global brands

2.1.3.1.1. Company related reasons

2.1.3.1.2. Consumer related reasons

2.1.3.1.2. a. Quality and Price

2.1.3.1.2. b. Prestige

2.1.3.1.2. c. Others

2.1.3.2. Reasons to choose local brands

2.1.3.1.1. Company related reasons

2.1.3.1.2. Consumer related reasons

2.1.3.1.2. a. Trust

2.1.3.1.2. b. Health Value

2.1.3.1.2. c. Others

2.2. Global Brands with Inconsistencies

2.2.1. Globalization

2.2.2. Global Expansion

2.2.3. Brand Inconsistencies

2.2.3.1. Global Brands with different names

2.2.3.2. Global Brands with different logos

2.2.3.3. Global Brands with different positioning strategies

2.3. Hypothesis

Chapter 3. Methodology

3.1. Survey Instrument

3.2. Questionnaire Design

Chapter 4. Data Analysis

4.1. Global Brands without inconsistencies

4.2. Global Brands with Different Brand Names

4.3. Global Brands with Different Brand Logos

4.4. Global Brands with Different Brand Positioning Strategies Regardless of the specifying the strategy

4.5. Global Brands with Different Brand Positioning Strategies Premium strategy in home country

4.6. Global Brands with Different Brand Positioning Strategies Value for money in home country

Chapter 5. Discussion

5.1. Change in consumer evaluation

5.2. Perception of the difference

5.3. Change in likelihood of purchase

Chapter 6. Conclusion

Chapter 7. Limitation and Future Directions

Appendix A. Survey Instrument

Appendix B. Tables Appendix C. Bibliography

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Firstly, I would like to thank everyone who directly or indirectly helped me while I was writing my master thesis.

I also would like to pay my gratitude to my prof. Dr. Gulen Sarial Abi for her excellent support throughout my thesis. Although we were in different countries, she always created time for me and gave her valuable comments and advises for my master thesis. I am grateful for her support and understanding. I also wish to thank To my mother who supported me throughout my journey, To my father who would be proud of this accomplishments To my grandmother who always wanted the best for me and I always feel her support in me even if she is not with us anymore, To my aunts who always believed in me and motivated me to do more To Ezgi, who I grew up together and who opened all of her opportunities to me while I was writing my thesis.

Lastly, I would like to thank all my friends, classmates, relatives and my colleagues who constantly motivated me and gave me the strength to give my best and to keep moving forward.

ABSTRACT

Recently, a lot of big corporations are pruning their portfolio just to be present with their big global brands. Even if it seems like managing global brands are easy, a lot of companies are facing with problems.

Many global brands are using different names, different logos or different positioning strategies around the globe. Especially in an increasingly global world, consumers’ likelihood of noticing these differences have been dramatically increased. Suprisingly, so far the effects of these differences were ignored by both scholars and practitioners. This study strikes the first match about this topic.

Consumers’ evaluation of the global brands’ attributes, the perception of these differences and likelihood of purchase are investigated in the case of three conditions; global brands with different names, with different logos and with different positioning strategies.

In all conditions, consumers’ evaluation about attributes of brands is changing. In line with previous literature, a high percentage of people perceive the differences as local adaptations. Lastly but most importantly, it is found that likelihood of purchase both in home country and in abroad is decreased in all the cases.

INTRODUCTION

There is a big competition amongst the all the brands around the world and every marketer is trying to create the best brand value in consumer’s mind in order to be rewarded by the highest financial returns (Özsomer,2012).

In an increasingly global world, many companies are cutting the number of their brands in order to go global only with their strongest brands (Johansson and Ronkainen, 2004). However many global brands use different names, different logos or different positioning strategies across the world due to historical reasons (De Mooij, 2013). According to the increasing number of mobile consumers and the technologies which makes people access any information in the world, it is important to understand how these inconsistencies affects the consumers’ perceptions about the global brands.

While I was working in a global headquarter, I realized that companies have a lot of complexities with their global brands due to these inconsistencies. Therefore, I would like to study deeper about how consumers feel when they realize these differences across the globe. When I was looking for some information, I realized that researchers made many studies about the perception differences between local and global brands. Nevertheless, there weren’t many studies about how global consumers perceive the inconsistencies between the global brands around different parts of the world and whether their evaluation of the brands changes or not.

Firstly, I would like to understand people’s overall attitude towards global brands. Secondly and most importantly, I would like to understand how consumers’ perception changes about global brands when they have inconsistencies around the globe. I have stated three different inconsistency conditions in global brands when everything else remains the same. First condition is when global brands have different brand names. Second condition is when they use different brand logos. The last condition is when they have different positioning strategies. For example one brand can be presented as premium brand and can be sold in high end stores in some countries and it also can be presented with value for money strategy positioning and it can be sold in discount markets or lower levels of the shelves. I used previous researches between local and global brands to better understand which attributes to asses such as quality, innovativeness etc. Therefore, I can compare these attributes when there is differences. Furthermore I want to understand how consumers purchase decisions are affected when they realize these changes. Lastly, how these differences are perceived by consumers such as whether they think these differences are like local adaptions or they perceive it as different products.

In my opinion, this study has benefits for both scholars and for practitioners. Since this topic of having global brands with inconsistencies is ignored for a long time, I believe this study will give an insight for scholars about this topic and I will contribute the literature by lighting the first fire. Moreover, it also has managerial implications. Firstly, the study will show how people perceive different attributes when they are aware of the differences so that managers can understand whether these differences affects the perception of attributes which brand builders constructed over years and how consumers define these differences in their mind. Secondly, since purchase decisions are also investigated, this study will help managers which type of inconsistencies they really need to avoid due to potential decrease in sales when this inconsistencies are well-known. Due to advanced technology and increase number of mobile people in the world, some differences might be fatal for the global brands.

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Global Brands and Local Brands

2.1.1. Brands and Branding

Branding is one of the most crucial issues in marketing (Keller,2003). According to American Marketing association, brand is ‘”name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers.’’ Brands are also seen as the main capital of many businesses. Branding process refers building, executing and enhancing strong brands (Kapferer, 2008). Strong brands differentiate themselves from others and it aids them to define an identity in a marketplace (Aaker,1996). Once the brands are known and trusted, it makes them more favorable in the eyes of consumers and consumers make their decision easier and faster (Gillespie et al., 2004).

Many researchers relate global brands as strong brands and many refers that in order to increase the strength of brands, companies prune their portfolio to go global (Aaker, 1996 and Johansson and Ronkainen, 2004). Regarding international branding, there are one narrow and one broad definition. According to the narrow understanding, international branding is basically states to brand name in an international level (Alashban et. al., 2002). On the other hand, broader approach defines it as processing of developing a brand’s equity in a way which appeals consumers all over world with a positive attitude about the brand (Cheng et al. 2005). Furthermore Holt refers global branding as standardization of products, packaging and communications (Holt et al., 2004). Therefore, there is no common understanding of what branding has in its scoop so it is especially have an increase importance when evaluating global branding and understanding what needs to be involved in global branding strategies.

2.1.2. Types of Brands

According to brands strategy about their presence in world and their strategies, there are many different definitions. Global brands and local brands are the ones which are known for a long time. In addition, recently scholars used different definitions. Glocal, post-global are some of them. Nevertheless, Since global and local brands are present in the literature for a long time, the definitions, differences and advantages are widely investigated by academics. That’s why I used these two types to understand what I can further investigate.

2.1.2.1 Global Brands Definition

In 1983, Theodore Levitt declared his long-discussed opinion about the globalization. It created a great interest both amongst scholars and practitioners. Therefore, the continuing globalization started marketers to create of global brands with great opportunities. As a lot of companies see the whole world as their playground, companies which have global brands were envied by the other brand builders (Aaker,1999).

What is a global brand? Even if there are many studies about global brands, there is no specific definition about what a global brand is (Johansson and Ronkainen, 2004). The problem might come from the different interpretations of the word global from academics, practitioners and consumers point of view.

Even if there are many different global brand definitions, it can be said that global brand definitions changed and interpreted differently over time. When the globalization idea first stated, global brands was presented as brands who has the same rigid marketing mix in anywhere in the world (Levitt, 1983). By time, many researchers were more lenient about the definition of global brands. Many defined it as a brand which is marketed under the same name in several countries with same type of marketing strategies (Yip ,1995 ; Johansson and Ronkainen, 2004 ; Steemkamp et al.,2003). In recent years, many brands started to do some local adaptations. Regarding these adaptations, Inkpen and Ramaswamy defined global brands as brands which have capability to tailor their messages in a local level while preserving the brand image on a global level (Inkpen and Ramaswamy, 2006). Furthermore, despite of many researchers consider the marketing mix use as a first parameter to define the global brand, there are also some other parameters which some use to define global brands such as considering their global brands success in many countries (Ghose and Lowengart, 2001) or according to Kapferer’s work, most manager’s defines global brands only with brands presence in many countries (Kapferer,2005).

Despite there are many different definitions by academics, they haven’t done any quantitative definition of what a global brand is, and this lack of quantification was making global brands hard to understand which brands are global and which are not. That’s the reason why the market research company ACNielsen made a quantitative definition about what a global brand is. According to The ACNielsen Global Brand Report, global brands are the brands that is presented in the major parts of the world with sales over a billion dollars but needs to get at least 5% of its revenues from outside of its home country (ACNielsen, 2001). In line with this definition, there were not many brands which can be called ‘global’.

However, there is still a big ambiguity about what defines a global brand. That’s why it is always likely to see different top 100 global brands list in different publications (Dimofte et. al, 2008).

2.1.2.2. Local Brands Definition

While there is a great focus on global brands, local brands get little attention from scholars and practitioners (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004). Nevertheless, when considering local brands which are far more outnumbered than global ones and there are many dominant players in many markets, this case is especially interesting (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004 ; Johansson and Ronkainen, 2004).

Even if there is no definition about global brands, literature about local brands is quite definite. Local brands are defined as brands which are only available in a specific geographical area (Wolfe, 1991). It is interesting that, local brands are defined as its availability in region whereas global brands number one parameter is marketing mix which makes a bit harder to compare these two between each other.

Even if there is an agreement amongst scholar about local brands definition, generally ‘national brand’ and ‘local brand’ definitions are misunderstood. While the term ‘national brand’ is generally used to refer to brands which are only available in one country, local brands has a wider definition as brands which are only available in a specific geographical area (Bronnenberg et al., 2007).

2.1.3. Reasons to Choose

2.1.3.1. Reasons to Choose Global Brands

According to studies, global brands have longer shelve lives and many multinational companies are cutting the number of their brands in favor of being only presented by their strong global brands with longer life cycle (Pitcher, 1999). Many corporations are taking their decisions which fuels the growth of global brands. (Özsomer and Altaras,2008). A recent real time example is P&G. In August 2014, P&G announced that they will discontinue with 90 to 100 brands. They stated that they decided to only keep 70 to 80 of its best brands and divest on them. Many other companies also would like to pursue with stronger global brand strategies and there are many other corporations which prunes their portfolio as P&G did.

When the trend is in favor of having global brands, in this section, we will talk about the reasons for preference of global brands. These can be divided in to two sections as company related factors and consumer related factors. When first globalization issues started, generally company related factors were emphasized by many scholars(Levitt, 1983; Kapferer 2008), more recently scholars also concentrated on the consumer related factors (Steenkamp et al.,2004 ; Holt et al. 2004).

2.1..1.1. Company related reasons

The concept of decreasing cultural differences and continuous convergence of tastes which creates a favorable environment to produce standardized brands and communication, is not new (Roostal, 1963 ; Elinder, 1965 ;Buzzell, 1968). Global brands can generate economies of scale and scope in production, sourcing, research and development, logistics and marketing. It also leads to a competitive advantage in pricing (Levitt,1983 ; Schuiling and Lambin 2003 ; Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004). Rather than decreasing the costs of production and sourcing, one of the biggest important reason is decreasing the cost of research and development. We need to consider that consumers would like to have the best products in the most affordable prices. That’s the reason why if brands would like to have the reputation of the most innovative, state of art products in the sector, they need to do research and development which requires a lot of effort, time and especially money. Since new products are essential for the future of companies, R&D is an area which companies does high investments. Having a worldwide presence absolutely decreases the amount costs. The success coming from the launch of new products will be highly awarded by worldwide presence (Kapferer, 2008).

As far as advertising is concerned, even if advertising cost is regarded to be one of the business system pillars which is positively affected by the economies of scale in many different literatures, it is also added that advertising is generally not always the one which produces high cost savings (Riesenbeck and Freeling, 1991).

Even if in many past literature, economies of scale brings the highest financial returns, in another point of view, it is also noted that rewards from economies of scale may not be completely true for all companies or products and managers needs to consider whether their decision would fit the market or to the company (Aaker and Joachimsthaler,1999). For example, some product categories such as food category is not a great category to create a global brand as other categories (Ramsey,2003). Moreover, all factors which makes consumers to prefer global brands is actually another factor for companies to prefer going global.

2.1.3.1.2 Consumer related reasons

There are many reasons for companies to choose global brands, however these are not the only benefits of global brands. One of the most important reason to go with a global brand is consumer perceptions. Literature supports the fact that even consumers who are not in favor of global brands have positive sentiments about global brands (Dimofte, 2008). In addition, according to previous literature, the more consumers perceive a brand as global, the higher opinion they have about a brand. (Shocker et. al., 1994). Along with this perceived brand globalness (PBG), consumers value to a brand changes (Steenkamp et al.,2003).

2.1.3.1.2. a. Quality & Price

According to previous literature review, global brands’ worldwide availability might make consumers attribute higher quality to the brands due to their worldwide acceptance by consumers even when the quality and the value are not objectively superior (Kapferer, 2008; Keller, 2008). It makes global brands safer to choose (Dimofte et al, 2008) In an empirical research done by Steenkamp et al, it is found that perceived brand globalness is positively associated with perceived brand quality. In addition, it is stated that quality has a significant direct association with global brand preference. Therefore, this perceived quality also increases the purchase possibility and moreover, it lets companies to put higher prices to their products due to high quality perception level. Even though it needs to be clear that the brand does not necessary to be a global brand, but they need to be perceived as global (Steenkamp at al., 2003).

illustration not visible in this excerpt

Figure 1: Relation between perceived brand globalness, quality and purchase likelihood (Steenkamp et al.,2003)

From a qualitative study done by Holt et al. states that people attain a higher quality to global brands. From their focus groups, people gave different reasons for this high quality; while one said she thinks it has a better quality because of its worldwide acceptance, other said that it is more innovative and that’s why it has a better quality. Regardless of why people attain higher quality on global brands, quality signal explained approximately 44% of brand preferences (Holt, 2004).

There are also some differences amongst different countries. Researchers also found out a difference between consumers in mature markets to consumers in emerging markets. Global brands might have more appeal to global brands especially for consumers in emerging markets (Alden et al.,1999).

Overall, everyday global brands are in competition with the strong local counterparts (Özsomer,2012). Since this competition is high, it is important to understand the advantages of globalness on consumers perceptions in order to give suggestion to managers both who works with global brands and who are working with local brands.

2.1.3.1.2. b. Prestige

Prestige is another driving factor in global brand’s preference. Some authors claimed that consumers might prefer global brands due to their higher prestige perception (Kapferer, 2008).

The reason of higher prestige perception arises from global brands’ scarcity and higher price comparing them with local brands (Bearden and Etzel, 1982). Although there are some exceptions, researches prove that global brands are generally more expensive and scarce than local ones. That’s why Bearden and Etzel generally associated higher prestige for global brands in luxury brands category. Furthermore, in China there are many brands which use global communication even if they are just local. The conducted research has found that consumer’s are choosing perceived global brands to show the prestige even if these brands are not necessarily global brands. It is also noted that generally global brands are chosen in a publicly visible consumer goods such as luxury products (Zhou and Belk,2004).

Steenkamp’s study found that global brands perception transfer higher prestige and status and it increases the likelihood of purchase. Nevertheless, it is also added that quality has a higher effect on global brand purchase likelihood than prestige. It needs to be noted that these brands doesn’t have to be global but they need to be perceived as global (Steenkamp at al., 2003).

illustration not visible in this excerpt

Figure 2: Relation between perceived brand globalness, prestige and purchase likelihood. (Steenkamp et al.,2003)

2.1.3.1.2. c. Others

In a large scale study conducted by Holt, Taylor and Quelch, it is stated that consumers are expecting a socially responsible behavior from global brands and they are assessing global brands according to their level of social responsibility. (Holt et al.,2004 ; Dimofte et al. 2008). It is also noted that this behavior is not expected by local brands. Therefore, it is just considered when choosing amongst global brands. Furthermore, it is found that social responsibilities explained 8% of brand preference worldwide (Holt et al.,2004).

Global brands are the symbols of a new connected world. People use global brands to express their global identity with the like-minded others. They offer consumers an opportunity to strengthen their relationship (Alden et al., 1999). In Holt’s study, some consumers said that these brands gave them a ‘sense of belonging’ to something bigger. One of their respondents said, ‘local brands show what they are and global brands shows what they want to be’. In the study, global myth explained 12% of brand preference worldwide (Holt et al.,2004). What closely related to global myth concept is that global brands also have a particular appeal with individual accomplishment and excitement (Dimofte, 2008).

Moreover, global brands are considered as more the cosmopolitan than local brands (Zhou and Belk,2004; Dimofte et al. 2008).

There is also another view as consumers in mature markets does not choose global brands in global brand per se, but for simply that those brands better satisfy their needs (Kapferer,2008).

2.1..2. Reasons to Choose Local Brands

Recently companies are decreasing their number of local brands. Even if creating new local brands may not be so advantageous, we can not ignore the fact that proven local brands with high recognition from consumers also have many advantages over global ones (Schuiling and Kapferer,2004).

Overall, we may say that local brand’s advantages are actually global brands disadvantages in both consumer and company point of view.

2.1..2.1. Company related reasons

Local brands are created and tailored for the needs and desires of the local markets. That’s why the most important reason why companies pursue with their local brand is that they have the ability to manufacture their products in line with the needs of local consumers. Since global brands in general have some standardization which they can not change in order to achieve economies of scale and scope, local brands’ most important advantage is to offer tailored specific solutions for the local consumers. Therefore, extreme flexibility in responding the needs is local brand’s strongest point comparing with global brands. Therefore, local brands can enjoy the rewards by tapping in to markets in needed segments which can not be satisfy by global brands. (Schuiling and Kapferer,2004). Furthermore, local brands can also enjoy the flexibility in their pricing strategy while global brands won’t have this type of freedom due to brands strategic decisions by top management (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004). For example, In India many global brands are unaffordable. That’s why local brands has more success (Kapferer, 2001) In addition, companies with local brands won’t have any problems with different legislation and competitive environments (Keller, 2003).

Moreover, for big corporations to have local brands in their brand portfolio decreases the risk taking (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004).

In general, companies have strong managerial reasons to keep their local brands.

2.1.3.2.1. Consumer related reasons

Even if there are some counter-part studies, some scholars also supported the idea that consumers tend to assess local brands higher than global brands (Han, 1989 ; Nagashima 1977). However, it also needs to be noted that these studies have been conducted a long time ago and the perceptions might be changed over time.

2.1.3.2.1. a. Trust

The most important perception factor for local brands is consumers’ trust in local brands which is significantly higher than global brands. Since consumers have a long relationship with the local brands, they trust these brands more. In addition, trust is more important in household products, especially in food category. (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004).

2.1.3.2.1. b. Health Value

Consumer has higher perception for local brands have for health values. That’s why local brands have an advantage on global brands especially on food category. (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004).

Local brands have their own strengths in consumer perceptions. For example they are perceived as original and unique. Furthermore, when the local brands perceived as prestigious, it decreases the likelihood of global brand purchase especially for an older age group in emerging markets (Özsomer, 2012). Moreover, consumers associate local brands as their pride of their local market so they generally get higher values from consumers with high level of patrionism or ethnocentrism. (Kapferer 2002 ; Özsomer, 2012).

In addition, Özsomer worked on local iconness and she found that local iconness is associated with local brand quality percepitons in food category. On the other hand except food category, local iconness has no connection to quality. In addition it is noted that perceived quality of local brand is conversely associated with global brands purchase possibility in all categories (Özsomer,2012). Local brands are also perceived as more reliable (Schuiling and Kapferer, 2004).

2.2. Global Brands with inconsistencies

2.2.1. Globalization

In 1983, Theodore Levitt was the first person who opened the debate about globalization of the markets. According to his study, consumers around the world become more and more alike and the global success of having a long list of products that becomes household names is the proof of that. He continues that technology has homogenized the world and created the similarities. Therefore, even if there are really small local segments, they always have their global counterparts (Levitt, 1983). With the time, Levitt’s definition was evolved. In a study which involves the participation of companies, company managers agreed that tastes were converging however they all denied that convergence doesn’t mean homogenization (Riesenbeck and Freeling, 1991).

Even though there were different interpretations about globalization, one thing was certain. Globalization became a trend which is not only accepted by the brand builders but also by scholars (Merino and Gonzalez, 2008). The discussions increased the interest in globalization and there were some solid reasons behind this interest. Firstly, companies were eager to enter new markets and gain new revenues as they promise new opportunities (Hollis, 2008). Secondly, when entering new markets, economies of scale which provides efficiency in production, distribution, marketing would be achieved. With a more efficient approach, cost lowers and it has a direct impact on the pricing which is one the main drivers in consumer decision process (Levitt, 1983). These debates and solid advantages increase managers appetite about having a worldwide presence and gathering high financial results.

2.2.2. Global Expansion

With the increase in globalization and proven studies’ results about global brand’s higher strength, many brand builders tried to expand their brands abroad to have strong global brands (Pitcher, 1999). Since being broadly available in many markets is one of the most important parameter for a global brand, it is not easy to expand a brand internationally. Most brands are initiated as local brands and then started to extend in to other countries (Hollis and Fitch,2009). According to scholars’ studies, to create a global brand and expand it internationally, there are two different approaches: Waterfall and Sprinkler Model.

illustration not visible in this excerpt

Image 1 : Waterfall and Sprinkler Model

Source: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch20-110920134325-phpapp01/95/ch20-kotabe-20-728.jpg?cb=1316527235

According to waterfall model, when there is a successful brand in a home country, this brand’s success and its capability is evaluated whether it can be global or not. After deciding that it has a global potential, this brand is expanding to one country and then to others which takes more than 20 years to get a brand to be internationally available (Riesenbeck and Freeling,1991). For example it took McDonalds 22 years and Marlboro 35 years to go completely global (Kapferer, 2008). This model’s advantage is that it is less risky and less expensive (Schuiling and Lambin, 2003).

According to Sprinkler model, when there is one brand in a home country and this brand expands to many countries nearly simultaneously. Approximately it takes 1-2 years to a brand to be internationally available (Riesenbeck and Freeling,1991).

Therefore we may say that with these strategy, corporations creates global brands from the start. Pringles and Swiffles are created with this strategy. It is certain that this strategy is extremely risky (Schuiling and Lambin, 2003).

The most important difference between Waterfall and Sprinkler model is the implementation time. While Sprinkler model enables international availability so quickly, it takes time for Waterfall model. Even if it took around 20 years for many brands to be internationally available, now many scholars support sprinkler model more (Riesenbeck and Freeling,1991).

2.2.3. Brand Inconsistencies

As far as the branding literature concerns, brand management needs to have a standardized strategy and consistent execution which includes a consistent brand name, symbol and positioning strategies (Keller 2008). Brands needs to be consistent over time and across space (Keller, 2008 ; Aaker,1996).

Consistency is especially important when the consumers are more mobile or where media transfers images amongst different countries (Keller, 2008).

The advantages to have brand consistency are gathering the highest brand awareness and the strongest associations (Keller 2008). Moreover, consistency in brand execution decrease the time for processing and increase the brand credibility (Lee et al. 2007). On the other hand, researches also indicate that inconsistency in brand identity might create the discomfort and disturbance (Penitone, 1966). Nevertheless, having a fully standardized consistent global brand is extremely hard and only a few companies are successful enough to have this full standardization such as Coca Cola and Marlboro. It might be said that many brands are not able to have standardization in their brand elements. (Nilson, 1998)

Scholars researched about this topic and they find some interesting data. According to brand literatures, it is predicted that consumers search for the same value from the brand no matter where they are sold (Bengthsson et al., 2010). It is also stated that consumer’s perceive that global brands are seen as brands that are standardized everywhere and they are generally the dominant brands (Dimofte et al., 2008)

On the other hand, a different study noted that even if the brand has the same brand name, symbols and strategies, brands are perceived differently in different markets. Therefore even a complete standardization doesn’t mean that everyone will have the same perception about the brands (Schuiling and Lambin,2003).

With globalization decision, since it is really hard to maintain fully standardized brands due to differences in cultures, it is certain that brands are affected by the brand image inconsistencies across the countrie (De Mooij, 2008). In one study, researchers found that products from home contexts take a different meaning abroad (Oswald, 1999) According to this input it might be interpreted that consumers might assess global brands differently in unfamiliar cultural surroundings than their home context. Therefore, consumer may create multiple meanings for global brands (Bengthsson et al., 2010).

2.2..1. Global Brands with different names

Even if in many global brand definitions, it is stated that global brands are the brands sold under the same name all over the world (Keegan and Green, 2004; Steemkamp et al. 2003), this definition is not always true. Brands may have the same brand elements except its brand name all over the world. This is explained by stating that sometimes what global is the brand symbols, rather than the brand name.

There are many different reasons why different names are used in different countries.

One reason derives from the fact that companies generally prefer to expand geographically by acquiring companies in different countries. Since every country somehow protects themselves from the invasion of foreign products. It is easier for corporations to enter the markets by this way. Many of those who bought local companies tried to eliminate the local brands. However, some had to pay for their decisions. Because they forgot that there is a emotional dimension attached to some brands (Kapferer,2008). That’s why If the acquired local companies or brands have high recognition from local consumers, then companies tend to remain this brands (Douglas et al.,2001)

In order to avoid these problems, some corporations choose to leverage on their brands by transferring local brands into their ones. They try to harmonize these two brands’ values. One of the most relevant example is Unilever’s ice cream brand. It is sold under many different names all over the world. Unilever acquired different companies in different parts of the world. Since they wanted to utilize the advantages coming from the acquired company and also their own company, they leveraged these advantages by using the name from the local company with their own logos in many countries. (De Mooij,2003). We may say that in this case it seems like Unilever went global with the help of their consistent brand logo.

illustration not visible in this excerpt

Image 2: Unilever’s ice cream brands with different names

Source: http://static.c2w.com/uploads/question/image/01/46/39/39/ N1463939/1357575361.png

Another example of a global brand who uses different names is Mr. Clean which is also sold under the Mr. Proper and Maestro Limpio names among others (Johansson and Ronkainen 2004).

Second reason why global brands uses the different names is that language differences. This can be a big barrier to the use of global names (Kapferer, 2008). Sometimes the name used in home country is not favorable to use in other countries or vice versa (Kahn, 2013). A whole different name or a name which is similar to its original name can be used. For example McDonalds in Japan is called Makudonaldo in order to make it easy to pronounce (Riesenbeck and Freeling, 1991).

Even if we know the reasons why companies uses different names in different countries for their global brands, there is no information about how consumers who are aware of these differences perceive this brands. So far, it seems like many companies seems to assume that having a consistent look without a consistent brand name is enough for consumer’s to keep their evaluations stable. Nevertheless, since there is no empirical data proving this issue, one can say that this is just an assumption of the companies to make their lives easier. Notwithstanding, this differences may hurt global brands’ image and in an increasingly mobile world, this damages will be more important for practitioners.

2.2.3.2. Global Brands with different brand logos

Although literature suggest that global brands needs to have same symbols, and some global brands sustain their global image from the help of using same brand logos all over the world such as Unilever’s ice cream example, not all of the global brands use the same brand logo in all countries (De Mooij, 2008)

The reasons to use different logos are the same ones as the global brands with different brand names. One reason is deriving from the acquisitions (Kapferer, 2008).

Companies, in this case, might use the same names around the world but they can have brand logos to leverage two brands. Another example is that the logo might not be suitable for all countries. In that case, companies might use different logos.

For example Henkel’s detergent brand Dixan is sold by 2 different logos in different countries. However, it is also needs to be noted that 2 different logos are closely related with the companies positioning strategies. Therefore in this case, the reason to change the logos is also to signal that the brands has different positioning strategies.

There is no previous research about how this differences change consumers evaluations of the global brand and how they perceive these changes.

2.1.2.3.3. Global Brands with different positioning strategies

Despite of some global brands definition in the literature (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 1999; Keegan and Green,2004;, Schuiling and Kapferer , 2004), global brands don’t have to have the same positioning strategies around the world. To satisfy the needs of consumers, positioning strategies show some differences amongst different countries.

There are many reasons in having different positioning strategies for global brands. One of them is that the target segment and cultural habits may not be the same in every country. For example, in Japan, Hello Kitty, the Japanese brand, is targeting not only little girls but also adult women. However in western countries it only attracts girls. That is why positioning needs to be adapted to these changes across countries (De Mooij, 2013).

Another example is from Bacardi. It uses the same product formulation and packaging in all over the world. However, its positioning strategies, advertising, pricing shows high variances across the countries (Riesenbeck and Freeling, 1991).

In addition, there is a story about the brand Stella Artois beer mentioned in Verbeke’s book. Stella Artois has a premium positioning strategy in U.S. and it is sold in the most exclusive clubs and bars in New York. On the other hand, in Belgium it has a total different positioning strategy. It is a common man’s beer in Belgium’s domestic market and it is served in plastic cups in fast food chains (Verbeke,2013).

Another relevant example is from Nivea. While German company has a prestigious positioning in Germany and it is sold under big Nivea shops or in higher levels of the shelves in high end shops, in United Kingdom Nivea is generally sold in the discount markets or in lower level of the shops. Therefore, generally Germans are disappointed by realizing this difference between two countries.

Although McDonalds has been perceived as one of the most standardized brands in the world, one can easily say that they don’t stick with the same positioning in US and in Europe. McDonalds is using a higher positioning strategy in Europe and one can understand the difference from overall decoration and the locations of the restaurants. The difference might be stemmed from their difference in target audience.

Even if there are some examples about different positioning strategies around the world, so far no research has been done to assess consumer’s perceptions.

2.3. Hypothesis

I have mentioned about global brands which don’t have a full consistency around the world. Even if there were many studies which asses some important attributes as quality, trust, prestige, innovativeness etc. between global and local brands, there are no studies on not fully standardized global brands which doesn’t have a brand consistency all over the world.

In an increasingly globalized world, where a lot of consumers are highly mobile and where everybody can access all kind of information through internet, it is important to know how people perceives these differences and how it affects people’s perceptions about global brands (Kapferer, 2002).

Brand name, brand logo and brand positioning are the key important elements for a brand. That’s why I would like to construct my research on how people evaluates the attributes of global brands when they know that these brands are present in the world with different names, different brand logos and different positioning strategies when all other brand elements are the same. I will use the attributes which previous researchers used to compare global brands with local brands. I would also like to understand whether people perceives these differences like normal local adaptations or whether these changes hurt brand image overall.

On the basis of above-mentioned literature, my hypothesis are :

h2 : Consumer’s evaluation of a global brand will be changed when they know these brands have inconsistencies around the world

h2a: Consumer’s evaluation of a global brand will be changed negatively when they know a global brand uses different names around the world

h2b: Consumer’s evaluation of a global brand will be changed negatively when they know brand uses different logos around the world

h2c: Consumer’s evaluation of a global brand will be changed negatively when they know these brands uses different positioning strategies around the world

h3: Most consumers will perceive these differences as local adaptations

h3a: Most consumers will perceive the change in brand name as a local adaptation

h3b: Most consumers will perceive the change in brand logos as a local adaptation

h3c : Most consumers will perceive the change in brand positioning as a local adaptation

h4: Consumers purchase decisions will be changed when they know brand inconsistencies

h4a : Consumer’s purchase decisions will be changed negatively when they know brands have different names

h4b: Consumer’s purchase decisions will be changed negatively when they know brands have different logos.

h4c : Consumer’s purchase decisions will be changed negatively when they know brands have different positioning strategies.

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Survey Instrument

There are two different ways to collect data. One is qualitative method and the other one is quantitative method. It is really important choose the right way to collect data. In my study, since I need to verify and test my hypothesis, I chose to use quantitative methods.

In order to follow quantitative method, online surveys has been used to collect data. Using online surveys has given the advantage to easily collect and analyze the data. Furthermore, since the survey is anonymous, participants do not fear to choose the best well-suited option for them. In addition, the risk of receiving persuaded answers is much more less than other type of methods.

The questionnaires were built on Qualtrics. Qualtrics is a self-administered system which means that the respondents completed the surveys by themselves.

Participants’ eligibility was not determined by any specific demographic information. Therefore, no specific criteria were used to exclude people from the study.

3.2. Questionnaire Design

Having a clear and understand questionnaire design is necessary while making a research. Therefore it is important to have a good flow and structure of the questions as well as the wording. The questionnaire was divided into different parts.

I have created 6 different surveys in order to test my hypothesis. One was assessing people’s perceptions about global brands regardless of any inconsistency reasons. Other five surveys were build on 5 different scenarios. Consumers perceptions and understanding about global brands when consumers are aware that global brands has different names ; when they have different logos ; when they have different positioning strategies regardless of higher or lower positioning strategies at home or abroad ; when they have a higher positioning strategy in home country and lower positioning strategy abroad ; lastly when they have a lower positioning strategy in home country and lower positioning strategy abroad.

While survey which is about global brands without inconsistencies consists of 14 questions, surveys about global brands with different brand names, with different brand logos and positioning strategy without specifying the strategy consist of 17 questions. Meanwhile two surveys which includes the information about positioning strategy consist18 questions.

The first section was about understanding people’s behavior which may give an insight about people’s perceptions afterwards.

Second section was designed in order to understand consumers evaluation when they are buying.

Third section is showing a case about a fictional global brand which has different inconsistencies. All different scenarios had its own survey and relevant designs have been prepared in order to give people a visual view about the condition. For example : in the survey which assess different brand names, the name has changed on the same packaging in order to be visually understandable for the participants. Therefore, definitions and pictures were used in order to clarify inconsistencies. In this section, the main goal is to understand people’s behavior and their evaluation when they are aware of these inconsistencies. Therefore in this section, brand’s globalness, brand’s features’ evaluation, consumers purchase decisions in home and in abroad were assessed. Furthermore, how people give a meaning to these inconsistencies was also searched about.

Fourth section is about understanding the past experience. If they experienced the same condition before, then I wanted to understand how they responded in that situation. Therefore in this part, I wanted to understand how much their purchase decision was affected by these changes and how they perceived these changes.

Fifth section is about understanding consumers behavior towards global brands in general.

Last section is about respondent’s personal information. How she/he evaluate yourself in some personal characteristics, age, gender, occupation and income information is gathered in that section.

4. DATA ANALYSIS

6 different online surveys have been spread online and in total 274 people participated. Cleaning data is important before doing any analysis, however in my case, there were no missing values due to forced answers and also no outliers due to not having any specific criteria.

The survey results were processed with SPSS 17.0 to conduct both descriptive statistics and cross tabulation in order to understand whether there is a correlation or not.

Even if all surveys were independent from each other, an overall view shows that my participants were generally young people, with the age of 26,73 as their mean. While 95 people were male (34,7%), 179 people were female (65,3%). Furthermore 38,5% participants were student, 55,1% were workers, 0,7% was retired and 5,5% was unemployed. A better understanding of each survey’s participants and their results will be shared deeply in the next sections.

4.1. Global Brands – Without Inconsistencies

This survey has been designed in order to understand consumer’s general perception about global brands. In this survey, brand has no inconsistencies. Therefore, this survey is like our reference point when we assess the other inconsistency scenarios.

In order to assess the data I used univariate statistics and cross tabulation analysis.

In total, 38 people participated in this survey. Regarding the demographics, 15 people were male and 23 were female. The mean of the participants age was 25,71 and standard deviation is 3,352. Since I had a young population in my survey, most of them were either students (50%) or workers (44,7%). In line with their occupation, they had low incomes, most of them (60,5%) had less than 10.000$ per year.

As far as participants’ behavior is concerned, on a scale of 5 ‘I travel a lot’ statement got a mean of 3,76 (σ= 0,883) and ‘I like to travel’ statement got the highest rate with a mean of 4,76 (σ=0,590) which are signals of high internationality potential. Even though it seems to be that they don’t read international magazines that much (x=3,27 ; σ=1,318). Therefore, it might be stated that their level of internationality is due to their mobility. In addition, ‘I like to try new things’, ‘I have a natural curiosity to what happens around myself’, ‘I give attention to what I use’ got higher rates than 4 (their means and their standard deviation respectively x=4,39 σ=0,718; x=4,26 σ=0,795 ; x=4,00 σ=0,870). Therefore, these results show that participants seem to be attentive and interested in trying new products. It might be a signal that they would also be attentive to big global brands and their innovations overall. In addition, ‘I like to stick with the things that I trust’ has a mean of 3,89 (σ=0,764) and ‘I change my mind easily’ got a rate near to neutral (x=3,03 σ=0,972). Therefore those are two solid signals that people tend to be loyal.

Regarding participants behavior about brands overall and their evaluation when they are buying things, people tend to give a lot of importance to quality and price when shopping (respectively x= 4,53 σ= 0,506 ; x=4,18 σ=0,896 on a scale of 5). ‘Brands are part of our modern life’ also got a high mean of 3,95 (σ=1,064). As previous literature mentioned, people tend to expect global brands to be socially responsible and they give a mean of 3,71 (σ=1,063) for that statement. Conversely, ‘brands are showing who I am to the outside world’ got the lowest mean of 2,87 (σ=1,417).

When Lusol’s definition was given to participants, they are asked to evaluate Lusol’s brand globalness. On a scale of 7, Lusol brand globalness has a mean of 4,79 (σ=1,679) and its mode is 5. Also Lusol’s attributes are asked to be rated on a scale of 5. Quality is has a mean of 3,74 (σ=0,644), which is the highest attribute that Lusol gathered. Other attributes are price (x=3,58, σ=0,722 ) trustworthy (x=3,61 σ=0,718 ), innovative (x= 3,32 σ=0,933 ), socially responsible (x=2,71 σ= 0,898), prestigious (x=3,39 σ= 0,823) and cosmopolitan (x=3,37 σ= 1,101).

Previous literature states that there is a relation between brand globalness and evaluation of the global brand. In my analysis, I have done a cross tabulation between Lusol’s perceived brand globalness and Lusol’s attirubutes. I only have found two correlations. One is between Lusol’s perceived brand globalness and its level of innovativeness (χ2=61,945, p<0.005), and other one is between Lusol’s perceived brand globalness and Lusol’s level of prestige (χ2=55,61, p<0.005). Nevertheless, it needs to be noted that other attributes didn’t show any correlation.

As far as Lusol’s likelihood of purchase in home country is concerned, on a scale of 5 (1- unlikely ; 5- likely) Lusol’s likelihood of purchase’s mean is 3,42 (σ=0,722). In a deeper look, 7,9% are unlikely to buy ; 47,4% are undecided to buy and 44,7% are likely to buy. In addition, Lusol’s likelihood of purchase in abroad if it is available in that market the mean is 3,76 (σ=0,786). In a deeper look, 5,3% are unlikely to buy ; 28,9% and 65,8% are likely to buy. There is a correlation between likelihood of purchase in home and likelihood of purchase in abroad (χ2=34,833, p<0. 1,001), at the same time global brands are overrated took 3,55 as its mean (σ=3,55). Meanwhile, overall they have neutral view for when it is about sense of belonging to the world with global brands (x=2,95 σ=1,394) and choosing local brands that they trust rather than global brands (x=3,08 σ=1,171).

4.2. Global Brands with Different Brand Names

The survey has been designed in order to understand people’s perceptions when they are aware that global brands have different names around the world.

In order to assess the data I used univariate statistics and cross tabulation analysis.

In total, 40 people participated in this survey. As far as the demographics are conerned, amongst participants, there were 14 male and 26 female. The mean of the participants’ age was 26,73 and standard deviation is 6,274. Regarding their occupation, 45% are student; 52,5% are workers and 2,5% is unemployed. Their level of income is generally between low and middle level as 57,5% earns below 10.000$ ; 15% earns between 10.000$ and 20.000$ ; and 12,5% earns between 20.000$ and 30.000$.

As far as participants behavior is concerned, the statements in order to understand international behavior which are participants who like to travel participants, who travel a lot and participants who read international magazines got the rates of x=4,57 σ=0,874 ; x=3,82 σ=0,903 ; x=2,93 σ=1,207 respectively on a scale of 5. It seems like international behavior comes from their mobility. The signals to understand their openness to new things, which are I like to try new things, I change my mind easily, I like to stick the things with that I trust got the rates of x=4,43 σ=0,781 ; x=3,30 σ=1,067 ; x=3,68 σ=0,971 respectively. The results show that people are open to new brands but they are also somewhat loyal.

Regarding their overall view of brands and their evaluation when shopping, on a scale of 5, quality and price are highly important ( respectively x=4,25 , σ=0,927 and x=4,30 σ=0,791) when shopping. They have a neutral attitude about buying only the brands which they trust (x=3,07 σ=1,095). This result is also in line with their openness to trying new things (x=3,78 σ=0,862). Global brands socially responsible act is a need argument is also somewhat agreed by the participants (x=3,88 σ=0,966). Conversely, they gave a lower rate to the statement about brands are showing who they are to out outside world (x=2,43 σ=1,196). Lastly, they gave a mean of 3,45 (σ=1,011) for the brands are part of our modern life statement.

When the brand was represented with two different names when everything else remained the same, consumers are asked to evaluate the perceived brand globalness on a scale of 7, while 1 stands for not global at all and 7 stands for extremely global. Perceived brand globalness got a mean of 4,68 and its standard deviation was 1,716. Also consumers evaluated the perceived attributes of the brand. On a scale of 5, quality, price, trustworthy, innovative, socially responsible, prestige and cosmopolitanism was rated. Highest rate was given to quality as x=3,72 σ=0,960 and trustworthiness followed the top rate list in the second place and got a mean of 3,70 (σ=0,853). Meanwhile, price and cosmopolitanism got the same the mean as 3,45 and same standard deviation as 0,959. Innovativeness, prestige and socially responsible behavior got low means as 3,20 ; 3,18 ; 3,12 (respectively σ=0,823 ; σ=1,010 ; σ=0,853).

Even if previous literature suggest that there is a correlation between perceived brand globalness and evaluation of global brands, however I couldn’t find any correlation between perceived brand globalness and any of the attributes.

In addition, I found a correlation between ‘Quality is important to me when I buy things’ and ‘Lusol’s quality’ (χ2=47,903, p<0.005). Therefore, it can be noted that people who give an importance to quality are likely to perceive global brands quality higher. Moreover, there is another correlation between ‘Price is important to me when I buy things’ and Lusol’s price (χ2=32,339, p<0.005).

On a scale of 5 as 1 stands for unlikely and 5 stands for likely, Lusol’s likelihood of purchase in home country got a mean of 3,35 (σ=0,834). In a deeper look, 10% are unlikely to buy ; 50% are undecided to buy and 40% are likely to buy. Since there is a difference, I also would like to understand whether consumer can recognize the name difference or not. Therefore on a scale of 5, they gave a mean of 3,68 (σ=1,185). In a deeper look, 12,5% stated they are unlikely to recognize the name difference, 22,5% stated they are undecided about whether they can recognize the difference or not and 65% stated they they are likely to recognize the difference. Therefore it can be said that the difference somewhat likely to be recognized by consumers.

When it is asked to consumers how they actually perceive this difference, %35 stated that they would think that it is the same product and probably Lusol is not a favorable word for that country. Therefore, most consumers see the difference as a local adaptation. 32,5% stated that they think these are the same products.15% stated that they would think these are two different products, 10% stated that they would think that since company didn’t want to use Lusol name, it may not be the sameDand lastly 7,5% stated that they would think it may be a counterfeit product of Lusol. Therefore, in sum one can say that while 67,5% would think those two are the same products, however 32,5% states that they wouldn’t think those are the same products.

As far as likelihood of purchase abroad when noticing the different names concerned, on a scale of 5, as 1 stands for unlikely and 5 stands for likely, the mean is 3,27 with a standard deviation of 0,905. In a deeper look, 20% are unlikely to buy ; 35% are undecided to buy and 45% are likely to buy.

Regarding their past experiences, 33 people (82,5%) stated that previously they have recognized a name difference in different countries which is a quite high amount. Amongst these 33 people, 42,4% of them thought these are the same products and other 42,4% of them thought the product is the same but probably the name wasn’t favorable in that country. Therefore 85% of people thought those are the same products. Nevertheless, %15 thought these are somewhat not the same and the distribution follows as 6,1% thought since these didn’t have the same name probably they are not the same, other 6,1% thought the product might be a counterfeit product and lastly 2,5% thought that these are two different products. Although, it seems like consumers’ view tenders in an actual situation since the percentage of consumers who thought the products are the same in their past experiences higher than consumers who thought Lusol and Siyon are the same products, this is not true. Because there is a correlation between consumers perception about Lusol’s name difference and consumers past experiences about name difference (χ2=50,648, p<0.005). Therefore we may say that actually there is no tenderness in view and most probably this difference was due to people who didn’t have any past experiences. With these outputs in mind, we can say that Lusol’s name difference perception is a better representative for us.

Amongst these 33 people, while 39,4% disagreed that having different brand names affected their purchase decision, 21,2% said their views were neutral and 32% agreed that having different brand names affected their purchase decision. Therefore, even if in their past experience, it seems like they thought products are same, still it is also noted that purchase decision was affected even if they states that they think those are the same products.

As far as people’s overall behavior about global brands is concerned, people gave a mean of 3,85 (σ=0,864) to ‘I think it is convenient to choose brands that I know when I am traveling’ statement. There is also a correlation between convenience to choose global brands when travelling and Lusol’s likelihood of purchase abroad (χ2=48,010, p<0.005). In addition, ‘I trust global brands’ got the second highest mean which is 3,57 (σ=0,844). On the other hand, an opposite view of ‘I feel like global brand are overrated’ statement got also a relatively high mean of 3,55 (σ=0,959). In general, people had neutral view of always choosing local brands over global brands (x=3,08 σ=1,118). Lastly, global brands give me a sense of belonging to the world statement got a low rate (x=2,58 σ=1,279).

4.3. Global Brands with Different Brand Logos

The survey has been designed in order to understand people’s perceptions when they are aware that global brands have different logos around the globe.

In order to assess the data I used univariate statistics and cross tabulation analysis.

In total, 39 people participated in this survey. As far as the demographics are concerned, amongst participants, there were 17 male and 22 female. The mean of the participants’ age was 24,13 and standard deviation is 2,736. Regarding their occupation, 74,4% are student; 20,5% are workers and 5,1% are unemployed. Their level of income is generally between low and middle level as 82,1% earns below 10.000$ ; 7,7% earns between 10.000$ and 20.000$ ; 7,7% earns between 20.000$ and 30.000$ and lastly only 2,6% earns between 30.000$ and 40.000$.

Regarding the statements about participants’ behavior, on a scale of 5, participants like to travel and it got the highest rates (x=4,56 σ=0,852). Even though other signals about international behavior of the participants didn’t show high rates as I travel a lot got a mean of 3,44 (σ=1,165) and I read international magazines got a neutral view (x=3,08 σ=1,345). As far as their behavior to openness to new things is concerned, results shows that they are open-minded to try new things (x=4,31 σ=0,694) and also sticking with the things that they trust wasn’t so strong (x=3,56 σ=0,882) is another signal of openness. In addition, they show a neutral behavior when it comes to changing their mind easily (x=3,15 σ=0,844). Regarding the signals about how likely they are attentive to what is happening, it might be said that they are somewhat attentive since ‘I have a natural curiosity to what happens around myself’ got a mean of 3,87 (σ=0,894) and ‘I give attention to what I use’ got a mean of 3,74 (σ=0,910). Regarding their overall view of brands and their evaluation when shopping, on a scale of 5, quality and price are highly important when shopping (respectively x=4,31 σ=0,694 and x=4,23 σ=0,667). They also somewhat agreed that global brands need to do something for society (x=3,87 σ=1,031 ) and brands are parts of our modern life (x=3,90 σ=0,821). Conversely, they gave a lower rate to the statement about brands are showing who they are to out outside world (x=2,64 σ=1,181). In addition, ‘I like to try new products on the market’ got a mean of 3,87 (σ=1,181) and ‘I only buy the brands that I trust got a mean of 3,41 (σ=0,785).

[…]

League of Legends – Guide on the hero Sion (Sion) :: Job or Game

Glory in Death – immediately after death, Sion turns into an angry monster that quickly runs and attacks enemies. Passive can only bring some usefulness only in massive battles, but in most cases it will be of little use.

Decimating Smash is a good skill that combines damage and the ability to stun enemies. Unfortunately, Sion casts the skill for some time, and the radius of damage is not so large, so that enemies can scatter to the sides.Nevertheless, skill is of great importance in team battles.

Soul Furnace – due to the passive part of the skill, Sion can slightly increase his maximum health. The active part gives a good absorbing shield, which is also capable of inflicting damage.

Roar of the Slayer – This skill combines damage and the ability to slow targets well. If you use it on a minion, you can do more damage, but it will take some skill and experience.

Unstoppable Onslaught is a very colorful and interesting ultimate. When activated, Sion starts to run very quickly in the indicated direction and deals good damage when it collides with an enemy. The longer Zion runs, the more damage it will deal. While moving, Zion can adjust its direction, but this will not be easy at first. Again, it will take some experience to learn how to properly manage this condition.

Spell Choice:

Ignite fire can also be used instead of teleport.

The order of pumping skills:

Runes:

Artifact selection:

During initial purchase for Zion is best to take a shield and a can of health:

Warding T otem (Trinket)

Corrupting Potion can also be a good initial purchase solution.

Zion is a good tank, but for this he needs the appropriate artifacts. You can start buying the following artifacts: Glacial Shroud, Kindlegem, Specter’s Cowl, or Giant’s Belt. Subsequently, they can all be improved into something more worthwhile.

In general, Zion is usually expected to have good survivability, as he has a good opportunity to rush into a group of enemies and start wreaking havoc. As a result, most of the artifacts are bought exclusively to increase survivability.Below I would like to offer you several options for the final purchase for Zion:

Option 1:

Sunfire Cape

The first option is more tanked.

Option 2:

Sunfire CapeIceborn GauntletNinja Tabi

In the second option, Sion will deal more damage and slightly less survivability.

Select spells:

Skill upgrade order:

Runes:

Select artifacts:

Initial Purchase:

Hunter’s TalismanWarding To tem (Trinket)

Subsequently, Hunter’s Talisman upgrades to either Stalker’s Blade – Cinderhulk or Stalker’s Blade – Warrior.The rest of the improvements will be less relevant to Zion.

Unlike the variant of the game on the top lane, for Sion, the forester takes at least half of the artifacts for damage in order to have a good combat potential and effectively attack different lane. In order to get Sion with good damage and more or less normal vitality, it is good to use the following build:

Stalker’s Blade – Cinderhulk

If you don’t need a lot of survival, then instead of Stalker’s Blade – Cinderhulk, you can use Stalker’s Blade – Warrior.Also, instead of one protective artifact, you can take something else for damage. In general, a huge number of objects are suitable for Zion, and of course, there simply cannot be a perfect assembly. At the beginning of the game, you can safely buy a Stalker’s Blade, but you need to improve this item according to the situation (either in damage or in defense). Then you can safely take the Mercury’s Treads and Black Cleaver boots, but then again there are a huge number of options. If, for example, magical protection is required, then choose between Banshee’s Veil, Spirit Visage, Mercurial Scimitar and Maw of Malmortius.If physical protection is required, Randuin’s Omen, Sunfire Cape, or Thornmail are good options. If you just need to increase your maximum health and survive a big procast of the enemy, then Warmog’s Armor and Sterak’s Gage items would be a good option.

Pros:

• Good one-time damage and the ability to push lanes.
• Passive increase in maximum health.
• Ult allows you to move in the shortest possible time over a very long distance.
• Good slowing skills.
• Ability to massively immobilize enemies.

Cons:

• Suffers from constant lack of mana.
• Low damage late in the game.
• No instant escape skills.
• Poor mobility (excluding ult).

Sion can stand more or less well in the top solo lane, but he has a lot of serious opponents.

It is important to understand that Sion will ultimately be a good tank and your task at the beginning of the game is not to die, but to try to farm normally.

All the beginning of the game Zion is best at farming as well as possible.You should not try to climb especially on the enemy. Just answer him if he tries to attack you. Your main task is to earn as much gold as possible in the first minutes of the game. In general, Zion can stand in the lane and finish off creeps in the flesh up to level 11. It will be very cool and correct if your allied forester will come to you and help you kill the enemy. By yourself, you need to be sure to defend yourself from the gang of the enemy forester. To do this, buy wards and periodically expose them when you approach the lane.In the case of a gang, it is very difficult for Zion to escape, since he does not have good skills for this. Your main defense is knowing where the enemy is and reacting quickly when you see an enemy point appear on the minimap. When you get at least level 6 you will have an ult, you can occasionally try to help someone on the lines. Also, the ult can be used at the moment when your forester comes to your lane. At the same time, the combination for the attack is very simple. First, turn on the Unstoppable Onslaught ultimate and catch up with the enemy, then turn on the Soul Furnace shield and charge your Decimating Smash.If at the same time your allies are actively involved in the battle, then the death of the enemy is inevitable. But I repeat once again, throughout the beginning of the game, Zion needs to farm and buy basic artifacts, otherwise he will be a simple burden for the team.

If in the middle of the game the teams began active movements around the map, then it is better for everyone to participate in these very movements, and not stay on the line. In addition to the ultimate, Sion has no skills in order to break into a crowd of enemies, but one of your allies may have the role of initiator.Your main task is to run into a crowd of enemies and with a powerful blow of an ax and an explosion of a shield, inflict as much damage as possible and immobilize the maximum number of enemies. By this time, you should already have at least some artifacts for protection and survivability, so that the enemies will not be able to quickly kill you. I would also like to draw your attention to the Roar of the Slayer skill. If you use it not on the champion, but on an enemy creep that flies through the champion, then you get a much stronger effect.Of course, such an opportunity does not always come across, but if you see that you can do this, then use this particular scheme. Help your allies if they are going to kill the Dragon and, if possible, spend money on wards. The more you control the terrain, the easier it will be for your team to play. Sometimes a couple of correctly placed wards can replace all your skills. For example, your team noticed a lone carry trying to take a red buff. She comes quickly and kills him. You might not have participated in this, but it was your ward who noticed this enemy and, in fact, it was you who were the key figure.

At the late stage of the game, Zion’s skills no longer inflict significant damage, since the enemies bought at least some artifacts for defense, and your damage did not increase, since there is practically no increase from the purchased items. This does not diminish the effectiveness of Zion at all. You are a good tank that can bravely stand in a crowd of enemies and charge your powerful blow. Sion feels especially comfortable in situations where the battle takes place in small open spaces, since here his effectiveness increases significantly.One successful blow of an ax, a good slowdown, and now your team begins to kill enemies one after another, and you cost yourself without losing even half of your health. Keep in control of the map and, if possible, kill the Dragon and Baron. At the end of the game, buffs from these neutrals play a very important role.

Updates

12/27/2015 – Changed the assembly of artifacts for all builds, as well as the distribution of talents. Some changes have been made and a number of bugs fixed.

Write your own guideAny questions? Ask in the chat Do you have any questions? Ask in chat

Zion Guide 2021 | Sion

Build Features

Sion can be played on the top, in the forest.For different positions, the build has its own characteristics. On the top, it is recommended to use some runes, artifacts, in the forest – others. There are also differences in the skill leveling schemes. The only thing that will be the same for Zion for different roles is the runes. They should be chosen by the hero in the categories of Courage and Dominance.

Runes suitable for Zion:

• Dirty reception. Allows more damage to restricted champions.
• Grasp of the undead. Charges the hero’s basic attacks with magical damage.Every four seconds of combat, allows you to use boosted attacks against an enemy champion. Additionally restores health.
• Resourceful hunter. Reduces item cooldown by 15%.
• Overgrowth. Gives an increase to the stock of health. But you need to kill eight minions or monsters.
• Accumulation. Increases armor and resistance to magical enemy effects.
• Demolition. Charges an attack on the tower and allows you to deal 100 points more physical damage.

Build in the forest

For Zion the Jungler, the Smite and Blink spells are most suitable. Smite will allow you to deal pure damage to minions and monsters. The leap will make Zion faster. With the help of such a spell, the champion can instantly find himself at the desired point within a radius of 400 units.

It is recommended to pump skills for Zion in the forest in the following order:

• Devastating blow – 1, 4, 5, 7, 9 levels.
• Crucible of Souls – levels 2, 8, 10, 12, 13.
• Butcher’s Roar – levels 3, 14, 15, 17, 18.
• Unstoppable offensive – levels 6, 11, 16.

Of the artifacts, the Forester Sion should be the first to take the following:

• Health Potion. It makes it possible to improve your health well, especially if you have five bubbles with you.
• Protective totem. Provides visibility in the right place.
• Hunter’s talisman. It takes part of the health from monsters when they damage them. Gives the ability to restore mana.Increases experience for killing monsters.

Over time, the Hunter’s Talisman can be upgraded to Enchant: Warrior or Enchant: Incinerator. Next, take items to increase damage.

The final build of artifacts may vary. It all depends on the situation. An example of the final set of magic items for Zion:

• Banshee Veil;
• dead man’s armor;
• Titanic Hydra;
• black ax;
• steps of Mercury;
• enchantment: incinerator.

With this build, Sion will have normal survivability and good damage.

Build on top

On top, Zion also needs to use Blink. The second spell is better to take Teleport or Combustion. The teleport will give the hero the opportunity to quickly move to his ward, allied minion or tower at any time. Ignite will make Zion more powerful in terms of pure damage. This spell can set the enemy on fire, inflict 70-410 damage and block the effectiveness of treatment.

It is better to pump Zion’s abilities on the top according to the following scheme:

• Crucible of souls – 1, 14, 15, 17 and 18 levels.
• Devastating Strike – Levels 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9.
• Butcher’s Roar – Levels 3, 8, 10, 12 and 13.
• Unstoppable offensive – levels 6, 11, 16.

From the artifacts at the first purchase it is worth taking the following:

• Doran’s Shield. It will increase the damage of successful basic attacks. Will give you health.
• Protective totem.
• Health potion.

Further, it makes sense to purchase the following items:

• Firestone. Reduces the cooldown of abilities and gives health.
• Giant’s belt. Gives +380 health.
• Ghost hood. In addition to increasing health, it provides good magic resistance.

The final assembly can be as follows:

• banshee curtain;
• Studded Armor;
• ice heart;
• steps of Mercury;
• vestments of spirits;
• Sunfire Cape.

With such artifacts, Sion will become more tanked. If you need to increase its damage, then you should collect the following set of magic items:

• titanic hydra;
• Sterac test;
• vestments of spirits;
• ninja tabi;
• Sunfire Cape;
• cold born mittens.

[League of Legends] Sion Guide

Zion was once used to break through enemy formations: this giant rushed ahead of the Noxian troops with a roar, ruthlessly crushing opponents with his huge ax Chopper.However, his recklessness, so favored by Noxus, led to dire consequences. During one of the battles with Demacia, Zion was captured and immediately beheaded. All Demacia rejoiced to see the bloodthirsty monster meet its end. But for Zion, execution, on the contrary, was the beginning of a new life. Hired assassin Katarina found his remains and handed them over to the Noxian necromancers. The resurrection was extremely successful: Sion not only became more enduring and stronger, but also acquired some magical abilities.Back on the battlefield, Sion showed everything he was capable of thanks to the art of the Noxian necromancers. Ultimately, Zion’s newfound power made him too valuable in the eyes of the command to allow him to fall again in battle. Zion’s new role is Noxus’ spokesman for the League of Legends. The authorities forbade him to appear on the front lines again.

“For a true Noxian husband, death is just a step towards career success”

Pantheon

Zion

Living Dead

Specifications:

Pros and Cons:

Pluses

Cons

• Fairly long cooldowns of skills.
• Easy to kite after using his combo.
• If the shield from Death’s Caress is destroyed, half of the damage is lost.

Opponents:

Zion is weak against:

Zion is strong against:

How to counter Zion:

Items:

Summoner Abilities:

General tips:

Try to destroy the shield from Death’s Caress as quickly as possible.This will halve Zion’s damage.

Skills:

Feel No Pain

Passive: With a 40% chance, Sion ignores 40/50/60 (at 1/8/13 levels respectively) damage from basic attacks. Ignored damage is subtracted from the original value not reduced by armor and percentage damage reduction.

[Q] Cryptic Gaze (Mystical Gaze)

Active: Zion’s fearsome gaze plagues the targeted enemy, dealing magic damage and increasing it by 1.5 seconds.

Magic Damage: 70/125/180/240/300 (+ 90% of AP)

Range: 550

Rollback: 12/11/10/9/8

Cost: 100 Mana

[W] Death’s Caress (Embrace of Death)

Active: Sion surrounds himself with a shield that will absorb incoming damage for 10 seconds. After 4 seconds, if the shield is not destroyed, the skill can be used a second time to detonate the shield and deal magic damage to nearby enemies.If you don’t detonate the shield yourself, it will explode automatically when 10 seconds pass.

Shield Strength / Magic Damage: 100/150/200/250/300 (+ 90% of AP)

Blast radius: 550

Cooldown: 8 seconds (after shield explosion)

Cost: 70/80/90/100/110 Mana

[E] Enrage ( Rage )

Switchable: While this skill is active, Sion gains additional AD, spending his own health with each basic attack.While Enrage is active, Sion gains a permanent health boost every time he kills enemies with his attacks or skills. This effect is doubled by killing champions and large units.

Additional AD: 25/35/45/55/65

Bonus health per kill: 1 / 1.5 / 2 / 2.5 / 3

Cost: 6/8/10/12/14 health on each attack

[R] Cannibalism

Active: For the next 20 seconds, Sion gains additional lifesteal and 50% attack speed.In addition, Zion’s basic attacks will restore health to nearby allies for a percentage of the damage dealt.

Additional life style: 50/75/100%

Health Regeneration for Nearby Allies: 25 / 37.5 / 50%

Rollback: 90

Cost: 100 Mana

The order of pumping skills:

The priority of pumping our skills is as follows:

Although we will be pumping Death’s Caress first of all, we need to invest one point each in Enrage and Cannibalism at 4th and 6th levels respectively.Since the Enrage will give us a constant health boost, we need to get it as early as possible. By pumping first of all Death’s Caress , we will be able to clear the waves of minions very quickly, and also get a powerful shield that will allow us to avoid the harassment of our opponent. Next we need to level up the skill Cryptic Gaze , which will further increase our burst damage. Since we only have two skills to deal damage, we need to pump them as soon as possible.Also pumping Cryptic Gaze will reduce the cooldown of this skill, which will allow us to stun enemies more often during ganks. The third is our ultimate Cannibalism , which will significantly increase our attack speed. By instantly clearing minion waves with Death’s Caress , Sion is one of the strongest split-pushers in the game. Thus, having pumped Cannibalism , we can very quickly destroy enemy towers. Last but not least, we pump the skill Enrage , which will give us additional AD and health.If you are not going to split push, then it is better to pump the third skill Enrage .

Runes:

Marks (Marks) :

9 x – Greater Mark of Magic Penetration

Runes for penetrating magic resistance will allow us to deal more damage with our skills, which will help us when exchanging damage with an opponent in the lane.

Seals:

9 x – Greater Seal of Armor

At the beginning of the game, we will exchange damage with our opponent using auto attacks, and the runes for armor will help us reduce this damage.Also, these runes will help withstand more damage from the AD jungler.

Glyphs (Symbols):

9 x – Greater Glyph of Magic Resist

Runes for magic resistance will reduce the damage from the skills of our opponent, which will allow us to more effectively exchange damage with him. If our opponent is an AD champion, then we can replace these runes with Greater Glyph of Scaling Magic Resist . If the enemy team has no AP carry at all, then the best choice would be Geater Glyph of Scaling Ability Power .

Quintessences:

3 x – Greater Quintessence of Ability Power

AP quints will increase the damage of our skills, which will allow us to harass our opponent more in the early stages of the game.

Talents:

21 points are invested in the branch “Offense” , to maximize magical damage, and 9 points – in the branch “Utility” , to increase movement speed, mana regeneration, reduce the cooldown of the summoner’s abilities and increase the duration of buffs.

More information on talent can be found in this article.

Summoner Abilities:

Flash

Flash is a standard ability for most champions. It will allow us to save ourselves during ganks, chase fleeing enemies, and also reposition ourselves in teamfights.

Ignite

Ignite will increase our burst damage and increase the chance of killing an opponent in the lane.This ability will also help reduce the health regeneration effects of champions like Warwick , Swain , or Vladimir .

Items:

Final build

Starting Items

At the beginning of the game, buy Doran’s Ring and 2 Health Potion . Doran’s Ring will further increase our AP, which will allow us to deal more damage to our opponent and help us dominate the lane.

Early game

First of all we need to buy Boots of Speed ​​ and Fiendish Codex . Boots of Speed ​​ will increase our movement speed and help us catch up with enemies or escape when ganking. Fiendish Codex will give us AP and CDR, which will not only increase our skill damage but also allow us to use them more often. We will later upgrade this item to Deathfire Grasp .

Mid Game

By the middle of the game we need to collect: Boots of Mobility , Deathfire Grasp and Rabadon’s Deathcap .

Boots

Our standard boots are Boots of Mobility . They will significantly increase our movement speed and allow us to quickly move around the map. Usually we will instantly clear out the waves of minions with Death’s Caress , after which we will go roam and gank. In addition, these boots will allow you to quickly reach enemies in the late game and deal with them with our combo.

The situational choice in some games may be Mercury’s Treads .We buy these boots if our opponent is a burst mage on the lane, such as, for example, Cassiopeia or Veigar . Although even in such matches, we can buy Boots of Mobility , which will allow us to move faster around the map and gank more.

Late game

Deathfire Grasp – An excellent item for Zion. It will increase our AP, CDR, and also give us an active ability that will deal magic damage to the target equal to 15% of its current health, and will also increase all incoming magic damage to this target by 20%.With this item, we can kill any enemy carry in one cast.

Rabadon’s Deathcap will significantly increase our AP and allow us to deal massive damage with our skills. With this item, we will instantly deal with enemy carries, as well as inflict devastating massive damage in teamfights.

Zhonya’s Hourglass – is a great item for Zion. It will give us armor, AP and an active ability with which we can become invulnerable by 2.5 seconds. Since we will be the main AP carry of our team, we will be constantly focused by the entire enemy team. If this happens, we will activate Zhonya’s Hourglass to give our team time to protect us.

Void Staff is a must-have item for the late game. It will allow you to cope with the magic resistance of enemies and help you continue to do high damage.

Lich Bane is another great item for Zion.He will increase our AP, mana, movement speed, and also give us a passive ability that will deal additional magical damage when auto-attacking, after using skills. This item will additionally increase our burst damage and will help you to deal with enemy carries for sure. Also, with the help of this item, we will be able to destroy towers faster.

Banshee’s Veil is a situational item for Zion. It will increase our health and magic resistance, as well as give a passive shield that will block one enemy skill every 25 seconds.

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Another guide on LoL * y, this time we have Sion, which I download mainly in AP, but soon I want to write an AD build .—————— ————————————————– ———-

Guide plan:

1. History, general information about the champion.

2. Masteris, Spells and Runes, Skill-builder.

3.Item build.

4.

1. Start (s)

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Story:

Zion, the animated hero

Prior to the establishment of the League of Legends, Noxus and Demakia fought each other with increasing ferocity for centuries. Both sides yearned to gain an advantage over the enemy, and over time, Noxus’s best minds, in pursuit of success, stopped bothering themselves with concepts such as humanity and morality.They began to care only about brute, crushing power and how to use it. The very existence of an animated warrior named Zion confirms this.

Once Zion was used to break through enemy structures: this giant rushed to the enemies in front of the main body of the troops, brandishing his huge ax, which he called the “Chopper”, and killed without pity everyone he could reach. However, this recklessness, so favored by Noxus, has had dire consequences. During one of the battles with Demakia, Zion was captured and was decisively beheaded.

All Demakia rejoiced when they saw how the bloodthirsty monster met its death. For Zion, the execution was only a starting point in gaining real strength. His remains were brought home for revival as a result of an operation carried out by the notorious Katarina. The resurrection was extremely successful: Sion not only became tougher and stronger, he acquired certain magical abilities. Back on the battlefield, Zion showed everything he was capable of thanks to the power of Noxian necromancy.

Ultimately, Zion’s newfound power made him too valuable in the eyes of the command to allow him to fall again in battle. Zion’s new rank is Noxus’ official representative in the League of Legends. The city-state forbade him to appear on the front lines again.

Pantheon: “For a true Noxian husband, death is just a promotion”

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Attributes: