What was the focus of Milton Rogovin’s photographic series on Iroquois Indians. How did Rogovin capture the essence of Iroquois culture and life on reservations. What unique aspects of Native American traditions are depicted in this collection.
The Photographer Behind the Lens: Milton Rogovin’s Legacy
Milton Rogovin, a renowned American photographer, dedicated a significant portion of his career to documenting the lives of Iroquois Indians in Western New York and Ontario, Canada. Born in 1909, Rogovin’s work spanned several decades, with this particular series being captured between 1963 and 1993, with a focus on the years 1963 and 1971.
Rogovin’s approach to photography was characterized by his ability to capture the essence of his subjects with dignity and respect. His work with the Iroquois Indians is no exception, providing a valuable visual record of Native American life during a period of significant cultural change.
Rogovin’s Photographic Style and Technique
The collection consists of various photographic formats, including:
- 16 gelatin silver photographic prints (8 x 10 inches)
- 74 gelatin silver contact sheets (8 x 10 inches or smaller)
- Approximately 890 black and white negatives (2.25 x 2.25 inches)
This diverse range of materials showcases Rogovin’s meticulous approach to his craft, allowing for both carefully curated prints and a comprehensive archive of images through contact sheets and negatives.
The Iroquois Nations: A Focus on Specific Tribes
Rogovin’s work primarily centered on three Iroquois reservations:
- Cattaraugus Reservation
- Tonawanda Reservation
- Tuscarora Reservation
The photographer captured images of several Iroquois nations, with particular emphasis on the Seneca, Mohawk, and Tuscarora tribes. This focus provides a nuanced look at the similarities and differences among these closely related but distinct Native American groups.
The Geographical Scope of Rogovin’s Project
While the majority of Rogovin’s photographs were taken on reservations in Western New York, his work also extended into Ontario, Canada. This broader geographical scope offers insights into the connections and variations between Iroquois communities on both sides of the international border.
Daily Life on the Reservations: A Visual Chronicle
Rogovin’s photographs provide a comprehensive view of daily life on Iroquois reservations during the mid-to-late 20th century. His images capture a wide range of subjects and activities, including:
- Students at school
- Individuals and groups at home
- General views of houses and other reservation sites
- A Native American protest march
These photographs offer valuable insights into the social, educational, and political aspects of Iroquois life during this period. They document both the mundane and the extraordinary, providing a balanced representation of reservation life.
Preserving Iroquois Culture: Traditional Crafts and Practices
One of the most significant aspects of Rogovin’s work is his documentation of traditional Iroquois crafts and cultural practices. His photographs showcase a variety of activities that highlight the rich cultural heritage of the Iroquois people:
- Basketweaving
- Wood carving, including totem poles and masks
- Creation of handmade dolls
- Drumming on water drums
- Use of false face wooden masks
- Ceremonies in longhouses
These images serve as a visual record of traditional skills and practices, many of which have been passed down through generations. They highlight the importance of cultural preservation and the ongoing efforts to maintain Iroquois heritage in the face of modernization.
Spiritual and Ceremonial Aspects
Rogovin’s photographs also touch upon the spiritual and ceremonial aspects of Iroquois culture. Some notable elements include:
- Turtle rattles and prepared turtle shells
- Ceremonial dress
- Longhouse ceremonies
These images provide a glimpse into the rich spiritual traditions of the Iroquois people, showcasing the intricate connections between daily life and religious or ceremonial practices.
Youth and Tradition: Capturing the Next Generation
Rogovin’s work also focuses on the younger generation of Iroquois, highlighting the transmission of cultural knowledge and practices. Some notable subjects include:
- Boys holding lacrosse sticks
- Students in school settings
- Young people participating in traditional activities
These images speak to the continuity of Iroquois culture and the efforts to maintain traditions among younger generations. They also provide insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by Iroquois youth during this period.
The Natural World: Flora and Fauna in Iroquois Life
Rogovin’s photographs extend beyond human subjects to include elements of the natural world that play significant roles in Iroquois culture and daily life. Some of these subjects include:
- Corn plants
- Sunflowers
- Local wildlife
These images highlight the deep connection between the Iroquois people and their natural environment, showcasing the importance of agriculture and the natural world in their cultural and economic practices.
The Historical and Cultural Significance of Rogovin’s Work
Milton Rogovin’s photographic series on the Iroquois Indians of Western New York and Ontario stands as a significant historical and cultural document. Its importance can be understood in several key aspects:
Visual Anthropology
Rogovin’s work serves as a form of visual anthropology, providing researchers, historians, and the general public with a detailed look at Iroquois life during a specific period. The photographs offer insights into social structures, cultural practices, and daily life that complement written records and oral histories.
Cultural Preservation
By documenting traditional crafts, ceremonies, and practices, Rogovin’s photographs play a role in cultural preservation. They provide a visual record of traditions that may have changed or diminished over time, offering a resource for cultural revitalization efforts within Iroquois communities.
Historical Context
The time frame of Rogovin’s work (1963-1993) coincides with significant social and political changes in Native American communities. His photographs, including images of protest marches, offer visual context to the broader narrative of Native American rights and cultural resurgence in the latter half of the 20th century.
Artistic Merit
Beyond their historical and cultural significance, Rogovin’s photographs are recognized for their artistic quality. His ability to capture intimate moments and the essence of his subjects contributes to the collection’s value as both documentary evidence and fine art photography.
The preservation of this collection by the Library of Congress ensures that these important images will be available for future generations of researchers, educators, and members of the public interested in Iroquois culture and history.
Accessing and Utilizing the Rogovin Collection
The Milton Rogovin photograph collection, including his work on Iroquois Indians, is housed at the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division in Washington, D.C. For those interested in studying or utilizing these photographs, there are several important considerations:
Access Restrictions
Due to the delicate nature of the materials, access to the physical collection is by appointment only. Researchers should consult the Library of Congress website for the most up-to-date information on access procedures and any potential restrictions.
Digital Access
While not all images may be available digitally, the Library of Congress has digitized some of the contact sheets (LC-DIG-ppmsca-13159). These digital files provide a valuable resource for remote research and study.
Rights and Permissions
Potential users of these images should be aware that publication rights may be restricted. The Library of Congress advises consulting their “Milton Rogovin” rights advisory for specific information on usage and permissions.
Research Value
The Rogovin collection offers significant research potential for a wide range of disciplines, including:
- Native American Studies
- Anthropology
- Sociology
- Art History
- American History
- Cultural Studies
Scholars, students, and other researchers can use these photographs to explore topics such as cultural change, traditional practices, social structures, and the visual representation of Native American communities.
The Milton Rogovin photograph collection of Iroquois Indians in Western New York and Ontario stands as a testament to the power of photography in preserving cultural heritage and providing insights into the lives of communities. Through his lens, Rogovin captured a crucial period in Iroquois history, offering future generations a window into the traditions, challenges, and resilience of these Native American nations. As we continue to grapple with questions of cultural preservation, identity, and representation, collections like this one serve as valuable resources for understanding our shared history and the diverse tapestry of American life.
Iroquois Indians in Western New York and Ontario, Canada
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Iroquois Indians in Western New York and Ontario, Canada
- Title: Iroquois Indians in Western New York and Ontario, Canada
- Creator(s):
Rogovin, Milton, 1909-2011, photographer
- Date Created/Published:
1963-1993, bulk 1963 and 1971. - Medium:
16 photographic prints : gelatin silver ; 8 x 10 in.
74 contact sheets : gelatin silver ; 8 x 10 in. or smaller.
ca. 890 negatives : b&w ; 2.25 x 2.25 in.
- Summary:
Photographs of Iroquois Indians on or near the Cattaraugus, Tonawanda, and Tuscarora reservations in western New York and into Ontario. Specific tribes depicted include the Seneca, Mohawk, and Tuscarora. Additionally, there are pictures of students at school, individuals and groups at home, general views of houses and other sites on the reservations, and a Native American protest march. The series also includes some images of gravestones, corn, sunflowers, boys holding lacrosse sticks, an elder woman sewing, some basketweaving and wood carving, including totem pole and mask carving. Other aspects of Native American culture and life depicted include handmade dolls, drumming on a water drum, false face wooden masks, a ceremony in a longhouse, a turtle rattle, and a prepared turtle shell hung outdoors. Some photos depict Native Americans in ceremonial dress. - Reproduction Number:
LC-DIG-ppmsca-13159 (digital files from original contact sheets)
- Rights Advisory:
Publication may be restricted. For information see “Milton Rogovin” (http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/res/162_rogo.html). - Access Advisory:
Served only by appointment because the material requires special handling. For more information, see: Materials Designated “Served by Appointment Only”(http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/info/617_apptonly.html) - Call Number:
LOT 13545 (H) [P&P] - Repository:
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA - Notes:
- Arrangement: The LOT has two sections. LOT 13545-1 is select photographs printed by Rogovin. LOT 13545-2 is contact sheets showing all the negative frames.
- Corresponding negatives in series: LC-RG15-W.
- LOT title devised by Library staff.
- Contact sheets bear caption information transcribed from original negative sleeves.
- Native Americans are also depicted in Rogovin’s Lower West Side series.
- Forms part of: Milton Rogovin photograph collection.
- Gift; Milton Rogovin; 1999; (DLC/PP-1999:085).
- Subjects:
- Format:
- Collections:
- Part of:
Rogovin, Milton, 1909- Milton Rogovin photograph collection - Bookmark This Record:
https://www. loc.gov/pictures/item/2004667059/
View the MARC Record for this item.
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(
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).
- Rights Advisory:
Publication may be restricted. For information see “Milton Rogovin” (http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/res/162_rogo.html). - Reproduction Number:
LC-DIG-ppmsca-13159 (digital files from original contact sheets)
- Call Number:
LOT 13545 (H) [P&P] - Medium:
16 photographic prints : gelatin silver ; 8 x 10 in.
74 contact sheets : gelatin silver ; 8 x 10 in. or smaller.
ca. 890 negatives : b&w ; 2.25 x 2.25 in.
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16 photographic prints : gelatin silver ; 8 x 10 in.
74 contact sheets : gelatin silver ; 8 x 10 in. or smaller.
ca. 890 negatives : b&w ; 2.25 x 2.25 in.
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Iroquois | History, Culture, & Facts
Iroquois, any member of the North American Indian tribes speaking a language of the Iroquoian family—notably the Cayuga, Cherokee, Huron, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. The peoples who spoke Iroquoian languages occupied a continuous territory around Lakes Ontario, Huron, and Erie in present-day New York state and Pennsylvania (U.S.) and southern Ontario and Quebec (Canada). That larger group should be differentiated from the Five Nations (later Six Nations) better known as the Iroquois Confederacy (self name Haudenosaunee Confederacy).
As was typical of Northeast Indians before colonization, the Iroquois were semisedentary agriculturists who palisaded their villages in time of need. Each village typically comprised several hundred persons. Iroquois people dwelt in large longhouses made of saplings and sheathed with elm bark, each housing many families. The longhouse family was the basic unit of traditional Iroquois society, which used a nested form of social organization: households (each representing a lineage) were divisions of clans, several clans constituted each moiety, and the two moieties combined to create a tribe.
Britannica Quiz
Native American History Quiz
Who was the Shawnee chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of intertribal Indian alliance who directed resistance to white rule in the Ohio River valley? In the War of 1812 who joined British forces for the capture of Detroit and the invasion of Ohio? Test your knowledge. Take this quiz.
Groups of men built houses and palisades, fished, hunted, and engaged in military activities. Groups of women produced crops of corn (maize), beans, and squash, gathered wild foods, and prepared all clothing and most other residential goods. After the autumn harvest, family deer-hunting parties ranged far into the forests, returning to their villages at midwinter. Spring runs of fish drew families to nearby streams and lake inlets.
Iroquois basket
Iroquois sweetgrass basket and lid.
Marilyn Angel Wynn/Nativestock Pictures
Kinship and locality were the bases for traditional Iroquois political life. Iroquois speakers were fond of meetings, spending considerable time in council. Council attendance was determined by locality, sex, age, and the specific question at hand; each council had its own protocol and devices for gaining consensus, which was the primary mode of decision-making.
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The elaborate religious cosmology of the Iroquois was based on an origin tradition in which a woman fell from the sky; other parts of the religious tradition featured deluge and earth-diver motifs, supernatural aggression and cruelty, sorcery, torture, cannibalism, star myths, and journeys to the otherworld. The formal ceremonial cycle consisted of six agricultural festivals featuring long prayers of thanks. There were also rites for sanctioning political activity, such as treaty making.
Warfare was important in Iroquois society, and, for men, self-respect depended upon achieving personal glory in war endeavours. War captives were often enslaved or adopted to replace dead family members. Losses to battle and disease increased the need for captives, who had become a significant population within Iroquois settlements by the late 17th century.
Early 21st-century population estimates indicated some 90,000 individuals of Iroquois-proper descent ; when including the many Iroquois-speaking tribes, those estimates indicated more than 900,000 individuals.
2021 Youth Fishing Derby…Northern Pike Style – Iroquois
Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge and the Friends of Iroquois NWR, Inc. present the 2021 Youth Fishing Derby. This annual event usually brings a large gathering of youth to Ringneck Marsh to fish and compete for prizes.
This year’s event from June 1 through June 7, 2021, will be practiced northern pike style…more solitary, staying close to your own territory, and not gathering in a large group. You can participate in 3 ways detailed below!
Fish are works of art! Fishing is an
art! Show us your artistic versions of your own experiences with fish. Use
whatever media moves you: photography, watercolor, sculpture, song, dance,
poetry, short story, etc.
Why do it?
- Entries will
be displayed on social media. - Original
pieces may be used for a virtual and/or physical art exhibit. - All
participants will be included in a drawing for goodies from the Friends of
Iroquois NWR, Inc.
How to
participate?
- Create and
submit any form of original fish or fishing “art”. - Entries can
be submitted in one of three age categories 0-7, 8-12, and 13-17. - Send us your
signed “Copyright Release Agreement” so that we may share your artwork or
photos on our social media pages, on our website, or in publications, signed
“Agreement for Use of Likeness” so we can use recognizable photos of people in
media, and your submissions by whatever method best preserves the quality of
the piece: mail, email, or drop it in the refuge drop box outside of the
Visitor Center.*
Be local, fish local, show us what
you caught!
Why do it?
- To spend time outside enjoying not only fishing but all the observations and experiences that come along with fishing.
- To try to provide yourself dinner.
- To show off your catch and fishing prowess! Photos may be shared on social media.
- All participants will be included in a drawing for goodies from the Friends of Iroquois NWR, Inc.
How to participate?
- Go
fishing! Fishing is allowed on the Refuge on Ringneck Marsh from Sour Springs
Road and the Dike and new fishing dock or along Oak Orchard Creek east of Rt.
63. Remember in New York, you need a fishing license if you are over the age of 16. - Take a picture
of you and your fish, you fishing, your creative fishing gear, or whatever
other fun fishing related experience you have during this event. Send it to us
with a note about your experience. - Need a little competition? Fish any habitats near you. Take a photo of the largest fish you catch between June 1 to June 7. Photo must include the entire length of your fish alongside an easy to read standard measuring device (such as a tape measure). Age categories are: 0-7, 8-12, and 13-17.
- A little hungry after all that fishing? Share with us the meals you made with your catch. Snap a photo of your fish and your fish meal and let us know how delicious it was.
- Send us your signed “Copyright Release Agreement” so that we may share your artwork or photos on our social media pages, on our website, or in publications, signed “Agreement for Use of Likeness” so we can use recognizable photos of people in media, and your submissions by mail, email, or drop it in the refuge drop box outside of the Visitor Center. *
Jr. Rangers are typically between
the ages of 5 and 13, but anyone can participate.
Test your knowledge and learn something new.
Why do it?
- To learn about the basics of fishing.
- Just for fun!
- For the badge!
- All participants will be included in a drawing for goodies from the Friends of Iroquois NWR, Inc.
How to participate?
2021 Youth Fishing Derby Notice
2021 Youth Fishing Derby – Northern Pike Style (PDF) notice and activities page. Will print on an 11×17 piece of paper.
Copyright Release Agreement
To participate in the Fishing Event send in a photo or your original artwork and all applicable forms via text, email, or snail mail. On the Copyright Release Agreement choose between allowing anyone to use your photo or restricting use to only the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Friends of Iroquois NWR, Inc.
*You may still turn in artwork or photos without the Copyright Release Agreement or Agreement for Use of Likeness, but we will be unable to share your creations or photos.
Photos | lakeiroquoisassociat
Photos From Around Lake Iroquois
Lake Iroquois’s Newest Family
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Hummingbird Grabs Afternoon Snack
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Waterfowl at Dusk
A duck leaves lonely ripples on the waters of the lake at dusk.
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Lake Iroquois’s Newest Family
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Wildlife Around Lake Iroquois
Lake Iroquois attracts a wide variety of wildlife throughout the year. The spring usually offers many opportunities to see ducklings and goslings scampering across lawns under the watchful eye of their parents. The summer is the perfect time to spot a great blue heron or a turtle along the shoreline. In the fall, whitetail deer can be spotted in the woods and fields along the perimeter of the subdivision. Ducks, geese, and the occassional bald eagle can be spotted on the ice along the open waters of the fishing lake throughout the winter months.
LIA Bass Club Fishing Tournament
The LIA Bass Club holds numerous fishing tournaments throughout the spring and summer on both Thursday evenings and Saturday mornings. (Spring 2014)
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LIA Bass Club Fishing Tournament
The LIA Bass Club holds numerous fishing tournaments throughout the spring and summer on both Thursday evenings and Saturday mornings. (Spring 2014)
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Lake Iroquois Events
Lake Iroquois has a variety of events throughout the year. The spring and summer feature many LIA Bass Club fishing events. These include tournaments on Saturday mornings and Thursday evenings, and a kid’s fishing derby in the late summer. In cooperation with Bayle’s Lake, the LIA sponsors a Fourth of July fireworks display.
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Sunset on Shoreline Trees
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Calm & Reflective Morning
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Views Around the Lake
Spectacular scenery is always on display throughout the Lake Iroquois Association.
The water provides the focal point for many of the stunning views. In the morning, the lake provides a mirrored reflection of the many homes dotting the shoreline The summer provides great sunrises and sunsets for boaters and fishermen to ponder. The views on the edge of the association offer great vistas of Illinois corn rising up from the fertile soil only to be topped by the whirling wind turbines off in the distance.
Canada Vs Iroquois – FIL Semifinal Photos
When Canada Vs Iroquois lacrosse is on, you watch it. The lacrosse is beautiful, the gear is legendary, and every position on the field plays the game with passion.
To give you a glimpse into the magic that is this FIL game, Ryan Conwell made sure to get some top notch photos out to the world ASAP. Hero status here!
Canada won 15-4, but the real winner was anyone who watched the game.
Want more FIL Photos? Click HERE.
Canada Vs Iroquois – FIL Semifinal Photos
When these two teams faced off the first time in this tournament, the Canadians doubled up the Iroquois by a score of 10-5. But with a trip to the gold medal game on the line, the expectations for the Iroquois were much higher. Surely the Iroquois would have another trick or two up their sleeve to generate more offense, while also hoping Canada’s Dillon Ward wouldn’t turn in another 24 save, 83% performance again. Unfortunately for them, that is not the case.
This time around, Canada’s defense took things to a whole new level while their offense decided also improve. The result was a 15-4 win where Canada was in control for the entire game. They scored just a minute into the game from Ben McIntosh and never looked back. In fact, it was a shutout 6-0 first quarter before Randy Staats scored off a feed from Jeremy Thompson straight from a faceoff win to start the second frame.
In the first quarter, the Iroquois were getting several excellent looks on cage, and even getting rebounds off of saves, but Dillon Ward was just on a different level in this game. Warren Hill was also making some key saves for the Iroquois, but too many shots from Canada were coming from right on top of the crease, from open cutters, or time and room shots on the outside.
The other hallmark of this game has been the extremely physical play of these two teams whenever they meet. Their familiarity is high with the amount of box they play through the NLL and various CLA leagues, so they know each other well. Many are teammates and many are opponents. But at times, it can definitely turn into box outdoors. And while the Iroquois did have their wooden sticks on the sideline, they opted to keep those off the field this time around. But that did not matter as through the first quarter, players like Kevin Crowley found themselves to be on the receiving end of some pretty strong stick checks which they very clearly did not appreciate.
There were several times through the game where Canada really started to milk the clock and keep extended possessions. When I asked Head coach Randy Mearns about this, he said: “Everyone played box lacrosse with the 30 second shot clock and the NLL. It’s just kind of a game sense. We don’t want to stall, but we want to manage the clock and I thought they did a great job of it. Let the offense work. It wasn’t a lot of quick hitters. It was a lot of movement, movement, movement, pass, movement, movement pass, movement.”
Iroquois Head coach Mark Burnham had the same thought when it came to the possession game and how important each one can be. “We weren’t getting the possessions, we weren’t getting the ball. And when we did we were forcing it a little bit and taking some shots that we could have had better shots on. Some transition shots we could have settled it a bit.”
But both coaches laughed about how incredible Dillon Ward was in this game. He finished with 13 saves at 81% on the day. For Mearns, he said “Words can’t even describe. He’s seeing it like a beach ball and we’re going to depend on him a lot in the championship game.” Burnham on the other side of the equation had to draw upon a conversation he had with Ward informally earlier in the day. “I asked him if he would please not have as good a game as he did in the last one and he lied to me and had another good game. He said he was going to take it easy on us.” That tends to be the result of good goaltending. When a goalie stands on their head, sometimes coaches just have to throw up their hands and laugh.
Moving forward, Canada finds themselves with a day off before playing in the gold medal game once again against USA. They are going for their 3rd gold in the last 4 tries, which would be quite a dominant display. For the Iroquois, they are looking to pick up a bronze medal, which is something they have only done once before. When evaluating the important of a medal to the letdown of not reaching the gold medal game, Burnham said “Anytime you can medal, it’s a medal. There are a lot of teams here, there’s a lot of very good lacrosse. It would be the second time we medaled as a men’s team. Which is always the beginning. You want to medal, you want to be in the medal rounds and you want to get a medal. These guys don’t quit. The team doesn’t quit. I asked them to sit in a zone and our defense looked at me like I was crazy. I thought we should save our legs, but you can’t tell that to our guys because they have a never quit attitude.”
Madam Sacho: How One Iroquois Woman Survived the American Revolution
The land, though very recently bustling with Indians, was eerily abandoned. Kettles had been left in a hurry by the hearth, books had been thrown aside, and tall corn stalks stood untouched, ready for harvest, in the field. Those who had evacuated perhaps imagined they would be returning to their homes soon. It was not to be. Sullivan and his men burned houses, fields, and whole towns down to the ground.
Madam Sacho must have emerged from the smoke like a ghost: startling, uncanny, and with a tale to tell. It was about war, conflict, and flight. There were many such narratives from the American Revolution. For the soldiers at the time and for modern audiences, though, Madam Sacho is a surprise. Soldiers expected whooping warriors with tomahawks raised. Some modern readers probably imagine the same, or else they envision tidy lines of redcoats firing against minutemen. But Sullivan’s Campaign was no Lexington and Concord, nor was it Yorktown. It was another kind of battle, with fewer casualties and yet profoundly destructive all the same.
It may seem an obscure, if arresting, episode: one little old lady against an entire set of regiments. Nevertheless, it reveals the small, usually overlooked, heroics of an ordinary woman caught in devastation, as well as something about one of the most important political players in early America, the Haudenosaunee. It also tells us something about the circumstances in which U.S. policy toward Native Americans was forged. Finally, itilluminates the agonizing decisions of that most famous American Revolutionary soldier of all: General George Washington.
Before turning to him, it helps to understand a few things about the Haudenosaunee and the background for Sullivan’s Campaign. The original five nations of the Haudenosaunee were Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida. (The Tuscarora joined in the eighteenth century. ) They had long been united diplomatically, centered in lands in what is now upstate New York. The Haudenosaunee were also called the Great League of Peace and Power. They were indeed powerful, but not entirely peaceful. They fought hard against many enemies, including Algonquins and others in the seventeenth century. Their matrons played an important role in deciding on war and peace, captivity and death. Women in these communities had long had the power to help select chiefs, to participate in councils, and to wage war. They were also central to the agricultural labor that provided resources, stability, and power. Indeed, one French observer declared that “it is the women who really make up the Nation. . . . All the real authority rests in the women.”
Haudenosaunee people generally lived in longhouses, which included an extended corridor dotted by hearths.As we know from eyewitness accounts and archaeological findings, those who shared the house and its hearths were kin, connected by marriage and blood. Compartments holding a nuclear family formed the sections of the house. Reciprocity and harmony were central ideals for those who lived together in these close quarters. Such values formed the basis for Haudenosaunee life and politics. Indeed, the word “Haudenosaunee” means “the whole house,” or, as historian Daniel Richter has framed it, “metaphorically, the five national fires of the Five Nations [later Six] stretched across Iroquoia like the central hearths of a communal dwelling, and reciprocity united their peoples.”
The Haudenosaunee initially followed a policy of neutrality in the American Revolution. Most of the confederacy, long allied with the British, had little interest in joining in the Patriot cause. Indeed, some leaders worked to get their people to actively join the British. One of the best known of these campaigners is Konwatsitsiaienni or Molly Brant, recognized in Mohawk communities as the widow of Sir William Johnson, the pre-Revolutionary British agent to the Indians. Her arguments were critical in drumming up support for the British, since “one word from her goes farther with them than a thous[an]d. from any White Man,” as one observer had it. Thanks to the efforts of her, her brother, and others, Mohawks and others began fighting on the side of the British. When the fateful resolution to join the British side passed the council of warriors, records noted that “the mothers also consent,” indicating the political standing of Haudenosaunee matrons. All but the Oneida and the Tuscarora joined (although the Onondaga split).
A series of raids by joint Haudenosaunee and British leadership on the borderlands of New York and Pennsylvania plagued Patriots in 1778. Among the most notorious were raids at Wyoming Valley and Cherry Valley. Haundenosaunee warriors struck at settlements, killing not only men but also women and children, in retaliation, as they saw it, for the ill treatment of their own families. One Patriot captain recalled: “Such a shocking sight my eyes never held before of savage and brutal barbarity; to see the husband mourning over his dead wife and four dead children lying by her side, mangled, scalpt.” Even Loyalist troops condemned “such acts of wanton cruelty committed by bloodthirsty savages as humanity would shudder to mention.” By 1779, the majority of the Haudenosaunee League, then, was proving deeply troubling to Patriot leaders, most notably, General George Washington, as well as another commander, Philip Schuyler. Washington declared: “The cries of the distressed, of the fatherless and the Widows, come to me from all quarters [and] appeared to leave me no alternative.”
Both Washington and Schuyler had served on the side of the British in the Seven Years’ War. This global conflict, which ran from 1756 to 1763 in Europe, in fact started in 1754 in the American colonies, where British-American colonists called it the “French and Indian War.” It was the crucible in which men like Washington and Schuyler hammered out their thinking about how to fight Indians, a question that frustrated many colonial and British officials. After the Seven Years’ War, one anonymous author argued for more rigorous methods in dealing with these enemies since “Whatever Inroads We have hitherto made in the Indian Country, have amounted to little. . . . [T]he Indians have commonly saved their Families & their own Persons & their Arms.” The same writer contended that “We have no Means of making the Indians afraid of us, because having no Towns, nor hardly Possessions nor Effects they can always secure their Persons & Families.” This view was incorrect; the Haudenosaunee had towns, homes, and possessions. Nevertheless, for this author, the only way to bring powerful Indian warriors to heel was to use women and children as leverage. He outlined plans in which soldiers should move in small parties to “Destroy any Indian Villages they met with . . . & carry off the Women & Children—(which wou’d soon bring in their Husbands & Fathers).” He continued that in this case the Indians “wou’d be afraid to quit their Families . . . instead of going out in Parties to murder our People, they wou’d tremble for their own.”
When faced with increasing hostilities during the Revolution, generals Washington and Schuyler therefore determined on a campaign to make Indians “tremble.” Such a plan depended on tactical violence against Native American civilians, specifically women andchildren. When Washington agonized over how to “carry . . . the War into the Indian Country,” he asked for Schuyler’s guidance on numbers of troops and methods required. Schuyler suggested: “Should we be so fortunate as to take a considerable number of the women and children of the Indians I conceive that we should then have the means of preventing them hereafter from acting hostily against us.”
Washington gave his assent, hoping that their “attacks will distract and terrify the Indians.” He added, “It is also to be hoped in their confusion, they may neglect in some places to remove the old men women and Children and that these will fall into our hands.” Washington argued that either American troops would be able to defeat Indian warriors, or at the very least they would “distress . . . them as much as possible, by destroying their villages, and this year’s crop.” So, Washington gave Major-General John Sullivan explicit instructions for the 1779 campaign: “The immediate objects are the total distruction and devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible.” Washington also ordered a scorched-earth policy: “parties should be detached to lay waste all the settlements around, with instructions to do it in the most effectual manner; that the country may not be merely overrun but destroyed.” He stressed the need to achieve “the total ruin of their settlements” since “Our future security will be . . . in the terror” they experienced.
So, under the command of Major General Sullivan, several regiments marched. Almost all the inhabitants fled before soldiers arrived, but the corn was ripening in the field. Under orders, troops plundered houses and burned homes, fields, and even orchards, including forty towns and 160,000 bushels of corn. To destroy the fields and orchards so carefully cultivated by Haudenosaunee women was to inflict a visceral blow on the people of the Six Nations, evidently only just emerging from two years of poor harvests; fruit trees take years to grow back. In the midst of this carefully orchestrated rampage in early September, soldiers stumbled across Madam Sacho.
Soldiers’ diaries recount the shock they felt on finding her, detailing how, through an Oneida interpreter, she conversed with General Sullivan himself. Some soldiers wanted to kill her immediately, but, as one soldier recorded, “the common dictates of humanity, a veneration for old age, and a regard for the female world of any age or denomination induced our General to spare her.” Sacho recounted to the general a tale in which there had been a Council in her village, during which, as one soldier recorded, “there was a great debate between their warriors, their squaws, and children. The squaws had a mind to stay at home with their children.” Other soldiers, including Sullivan, reported that the women wanted the men to stay and fight, but the warriors did not think they stood a chance against the American troops—true perhaps but a somewhat self-serving claim by American soldiers. Either way, there seems to have been a debate about whether to stay and fight, or to flee, and Haudenosaunee matrons were critical to this decision.
Sullivan evidently disregarded Washington’s orders to take hostages “of every age and sex.” Sullivan not only left Sacho alone but provided her with food and shelter. The diarists, and most subsequent historians, emphasized the gift of food Sullivan made her, when his own soldiers did not have much to eat. They do so even after recognizing that Sullivan and his men were destroying all of the food the Haudenosaunee had planted, cultivated, and saved. Contemporary and historical accounts assume Sacho’s helplessness and victimization, as well as Sullivan’s personal kindness. A few troops condemned their leader’s actions. One soldier, having already complained bitterly of “Hungry bellies and hard Duty,” observed caustically after the gift of food: “I suppose she will live in splendour.” Other soldiers lauded the gallantry of their leader: “General Sullivan gave her a considerable supply of flour and meat, for which, with tears in her savage eyes, she expressed a great deal of thanks.” Here the general was a protector, indeed a “good angel” of a powerless old woman, as another witness phrased it.
Such a meeting, and the gallantry of their commanding officer to this elderly woman, relieved some of the bad feelings generated by what the soldiers, mostly farmers in the normal run of life, felt on destroying what they could see were fruitful, well-cultivated farms. Numerous soldiers stressed the bounty and beauty of the towns and crops they were demolishing. In a typical entry, one lieutenant wrote that “Our Brigade Destroyed about 150 Acres of the best corn that Ever I saw (some of the Stalks grew 16 feet high) besides great Quantities of Beans, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Cucumbers, Squashes & Watermellons.” One diarist recorded that Sacho’s town “contained nearly fifty houses, in general, very good. . . . We found several very fine corn-fields, which afforded the greatest plenty.” One soldier declared that “we destroy all their houses & fruit trees this afternoon which Seems to us a pity.” Another wrote home: “I really feel guilty as I applied the torch to huts that were Homes of Content until we ravagers came spreading desolation everywhere.”
Sacho appears to have exploited the uneasiness that men felt about their need to show kindness to women and children, even amid the terrible imperatives of war and the need to inflict suffering on an enemy. Still, the record of Sacho’s testimony tantalizes with other questions, ones not addressed in the detailed and well-sourced treatments of this campaign: Why was she left, and why did she tell this tale? It seems unlikely that, even if she were old and infirm, that her clan and kin, maybe even her children and grandchildren, would have just left a venerable matron behind to be killed by U.S. soldiers. As historian Daniel Richter has observed, these matrons, “the women of the lineage’s eldest living generation,” were “dominant figures morally, economically, and to some degree politically.” Also, why did she reveal this much detail about internal disagreements to what was without a doubt the enemy? Some historians have claimed she was threatened physically, but this point is not clear. It also seems somewhat unlikely.
The soldiers saw a “poor old creature,” reliant on Sullivan’s “humanity.” Most historians have followed suit. But what if we doubt these characterizations? It seems possible that she chose to stay, to sacrifice herself to plant and gather information, which may have helped her countrymen and women. After all, she “likewise told us that a great deal many Squaws & Children was over a hill somewhere near Seneca lake . . . in consequence of which . . . a Detachment of 3 or 400 Men” went in pursuit but returned without “seeing anything of them.” Maybe her story of the Council also served to emphasize that if women were captured, that they should be treated with “humanity,” too, because, after all, they had wanted peace and did not agree with the warriors.
Although soldiers emphasized Sacho’s lonely impotence, she was not alone. When the detachment returned a few weeks later, they found the body of a younger woman who had evidently been helping her. She had been shot, “supposed to be done by some of the soldiers.” The murder of this younger woman, a violation of that “regard for the female world,” which even several soldiers denounced as the actions of “some inhuman villain,” indicates the justified fears of the Haudenosaunee. An Onondaga chief later contended that when U.S. soldiers attacked his village, “they put to death all the Women and Children, excepting some of the Young Women, whom they carried away for the use of their Soldiers & were afterwards put to death in a more shamefull manner.” One scholar, Barbara Mann, has posited that this younger woman who had been with Madam Sacho may have been killed resisting rape. In any case, it suggests that she provoked lethal violence in a way the older woman did not.
The haunting trajectory of the murdered younger woman, whose name is lost, reminds us that violence against all kinds of women, settler and Indian, Patriot and Loyalist, occurred in this war. When the people of the Six Nations fled their homes, they cast aside books, including some volumes of the early eighteenth-century English periodical The Spectator. Did these include the volume, one wonders, in which the editors lamented that civil war “fills a Nation with Spleen and Rancour, and extinguishes all the Seeds of Good nature, Compassion and Humanity”? After all, the destruction of the orchards, crops, and homes of the Six Nations resonated long after the autumn of 1779. There was a terrible way in which the evacuation of Haudenosaunee from these lands, seemingly leaving only an old woman, allowed Americans to imagine a fuller “disappearance” all too easily. Indeed, even a preacher of a celebratory sermon at the conclusion of Sullivan’s campaign declared: “Led by the consideration of our just and complete conquest, of so fertile a part of the western world, I will venture to look a few years into futurity. . . . Methinks I see all these lands inhabited by the independent Citizens of America. I congratulate posterity on this addition of immense wealth and extensive territory to the United States.” Sacho, an old woman, became a symbol of the weakness of the actually quite powerful Confederacy of the Six Nations.
The image of the disappearing Indian is one that has filled many American narratives, as historian Jean O’Brien has argued. The land of the Six Nations was not in fact a ghost land, but as the Haudenosaunee had little to which to return, many did indeed flee to Fort Niagara. Rehearsing an American takeover of the land of the Six Nations, with the easily vanquished Sacho the only Indian left, allowed Anglo-Americans actually to take it over. Yet the people of this great League did not disappear. Modern Haudenosaunee people live on a range of reservations in the United States and Canada, as well as in many other places, and still have treaties with the U.S. Even in the face of systematic violence, the Haudenosaunee people survived. Narratives about both the violence, and the ability to resist it, can and should be part of our accounts of American history.
Soldiers patronizingly dismissed Sacho as “an old squaw.” Too often historians have accepted this kind of characterization. Yet this mother of her people still has power, if only we care to see it. Telling her story recasts other, older narratives. The image of George Washington simply as a compassionate father of the nation has already come under pressure since he was also a slave-holder, though one who freed his slaves in his will. His treatment of Indian women suggests other roles, as at least some contemporaries recognized. In 1790, a Seneca chief informed Washington: “When your army entered the country of the Six Nations, we called you Town Destroyer and to this day when your name is heard our women look behind them and turn pale, and our children cling close to the necks of their mothers.” Here were some of the painful costs of what participants called “this late unhappy war.” For some, the Founding Father was in fact a Town Destroyer. This is what wars, even “good” wars, do: They force dreadful choices on decent people and inflict suffering on innocent ones. Peering into the smoke rising from the longhouses of the Six Nations, we see one nation’s savage core. We also see the unexpected courage of those who withstood such horrors and endured.
Facts for Kids: Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indians
Iroquois Tribe
How do you pronounce the word “Iroquois”? What does it mean?
Iroquois is pronounced “eer-uh-kwoy” in English. It’s an English corruption of a French corruption of an
Algonquian word meaning “real snakes.”
This may have been an insulting nickname (the Algonquian and Iroquois Indians were traditional enemies,) or it could have
just come from a placename which meant “Snake River.”
The Iroquois tribes originally called their confederacy Kanonsionni, which means “people of the longhouse.”
Today they call themselves the Haudenosaunee or Six Nations, though many people still use
the word Iroquois.
Who were the Iroquois tribes?
There were five tribes in the original Iroquois Confederacy: the Mohawk,
Seneca, Oneida,
Onondaga, and Cayuga tribes.
Later a sixth nation, the Tuscarora tribe, joined the confederation.
Many other tribes, such as the Huron and the
Cherokees, are sometimes called “Iroquoian” tribes.
They are called that because they are distant relatives of the Iroquois Confederacy tribes and speak
related languages. However, they were never part of the Iroquois Confederacy. In fact, they were sometimes
at war with them.
How was the Iroquois Confederacy organized?
The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Iroquois League, was governed by the Iroquois Great Council.
Each Iroquois nation sent between eight and fourteen leaders to the Great Council, where they agreed on political
decisions through discussion and voting. Although these politicians were called “chiefs,” they were actually elected officials,
chosen by the clan mothers (or matriarchs) of each tribe. Each individual nation also had its own tribal council
to make local decisions. This is similar to how American
states each have their own government, but all are subject to the greater US government. In fact, the
Iroquois Confederacy was one of the examples of representative democracy used as a model by America’s founding fathers.
The Iroquois Great Council continues to meet in the present day, although today most political matters are decided by the
governments of the individual Iroquois nations.
Where do the Iroquois Indians live?
The Iroquois tribes are original residents of the northeastern woodlands area. The heart of the Iroquois homeland is located in
what is now New York state.
(The Tuscaroras originally lived further to the south, and migrated north to join the rest of the Iroquois tribes.)
Many Iroquois people still live in New York today, or across the border in Canada (Ontario and Quebec.)
Other Iroquois groups were forced to move west to Oklahoma or Wisconsin during the 1800’s, and their descendants are
still living there today.
What language do the Iroquois Indians speak?
There were six different languages spoken by the Iroquois nations:
Mohawk, Seneca,
Oneida, Onondaga,
Cayuga, and Tuscarora.
These languages are all related to each other, just as the European languages Spanish, French, and Italian are all related to each
other. Some Iroquois people could speak more than one of these languages. In particular, important Iroquois men usually learned Mohawk,
because Mohawk was the language they usually used at the Great Council and at Iroquois religious festivals.
Most Iroquois people speak English today, but some people, especially elders, still speak the native language of their own tribe.
Here is a comparative chart of Iroquois words,
a website where you can hear Iroquois words being spoken,
and a Mohawk picture glossary.
What was Iroquois culture like in the past? What is it like now?
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How do Iroquois Indian children live, and what did they do in the past?
Iroquois dolls |
They do the same things any children do–play with each other, go to school and help around the house. Many Iroquois children like to go hunting and fishing with their fathers. In the past, Indian kids had more chores and less time to play, just like colonial children. But Iroquois kids did have cornhusk dolls, toys, and games, such as one game where kids tried to throw a dart through a moving hoop. Lacrosse was also a popular sport among Iroquois boys as it was among adult men. Iroquois mothers, like many Native Americans, had the tradition of carrying their babies in cradleboards on their backs. Here is a website with Iroquois cradleboard pictures. |
What were men and women’s roles in the Iroquois tribe?
Iroquois men were in charge of hunting, trading, and war. Iroquois women were in charge of farming, property, and family.
These different roles were reflected in Iroquois government. Iroquois clans were ruled by women, who made all the
land and resource decisions for each clan. But the chiefs, who made military decisions and trade agreements, were always
men. Only men represented the Iroquois Confederacy at the Great Council, but only women voted to determine who the
representatives of each tribe would be. Both genders took part in Iroquois storytelling, artwork and music, and traditional medicine.
What were Iroquois homes like in the past?
Iroquois longhouse sketch |
The Iroquois people lived in villages of longhouses. A longhouse was a large wood-frame building covered with sheets of elm bark. Iroquois longhouses were up to a hundred feet long, and each one housed an entire clan (as many as 60 people.) Here are some pictures of Indian longhouses like the ones Iroquois Indians used, and a drawing of what a longhouse looked like on the inside. Today, Iroquois families live in modern houses and apartment buildings, just like you. |
What was Iroquois clothing like? Did Iroquois people wear feather headdresses and face paint?
Iroquois clothing Iroquois moccasins |
Iroquois men wore breechcloths with long leggings. Iroquois women wore wraparound skirts with shorter leggings. Men did not originally wear shirts in Iroquois culture, but women often wore a tunic called an overdress. Iroquois people also wore moccasins on their feet and heavy robes in winter. In colonial times, the Iroquois adapted European costume like long cloth shirts, decorating them with fancy beadwork and ribbon applique. Here is a webpage about traditional Iroquois dress, and here are some photos and links about American Indian clothes in general. The Iroquois Indians did not wear long headdresses like the
Today, some Iroquois people still wear moccasins or a beaded shirt, but they wear modern clothes like jeans instead of
|
What was Iroquois transportation like in the days before cars? Did Iroquois people paddle canoes?
Iroquois snowshoes |
Sometimes–the Iroquois Indians did use elm-bark or dugout canoes for fishing trips, but usually preferred to travel by land. Here is a website with pictures of Indian fishing boats. Originally the Iroquois tribes used dogs as pack animals. (There were no horses in North America until colonists brought them over from Europe.) In wintertime, Iroquois people used laced snowshoes and sleds to travel through the snow. |
What was Iroquois food like in the days before supermarkets?
Iroquois farmers |
The Iroquois were farming people. Iroquois women did most of the farming, planting crops of corn, beans, and squash and harvesting wild berries and herbs. Iroquois men did most of the hunting, shooting deer and elk and fishing in the rivers. Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths. Here is a neat slideshow of an Iroquois girl demonstrating a traditional cornbread recipe, and here is a website with more information about Woodland Indian foods in general. |
What were Iroquois weapons and tools like in the past?
Iroquois war club |
Iroquois hunters used bows and arrows. Iroquois fishermen generally used spears and fishing poles. In war, Iroquois men used their bows and arrows or fought with clubs, spears and shields. Here is a website with pictures and information about the Iroquois war club and other Native weapons. Other important tools used by the Iroquois Indians included stone adzes (hand axes for woodworking), flint knives for skinning animals, and
|
What are Iroquois arts and crafts like?
Iroquois beadwork |
The Iroquois tribes were known for their carved wooden masks. Iroquois masks are considered such a sacred art form that outsiders are still not permitted to view many of them. Another traditional Iroquois art form was porcupine quill work. The Iroquois Indians also crafted wampum out of white and purple shell beads. Wampum beads were traded as a kind of currency, but they were more culturally important as an art material. The designs and symbols on Iroquois wampum belts often told a story or represented a person’s family. |
What was Iroquois music like?
Iroquois water drum |
The two most important Iroquois instruments are drums and flutes. Native Iroquois drums were often filled with water to give them a distinctive sound different from the drums of other tribes. Most Iroquois music is very rhythmic and consists mostly of drumming and lively singing. Flutes were used to woo women in the Iroquois tribes. An Iroquois Indian man would play beautiful flute music outside a woman’s longhouse at night to show her he was thinking about her. |
What other Native Americans did the Iroquois tribes interact with?
The Iroquois Indians were fierce warriors who fought with most of the other eastern tribes, particularly the
Wabanaki tribes, the
Algonquin and
Ojibwe tribes, and the
Mohican bands.
The Iroquois tribes also engaged in trade with their neighbors. Iroquois traders exchanged corn, tobacco and woodcrafts for furs and quahog shells.
What kinds of stories do the Iroquois Indians tell?
There are lots of traditional Iroquois legends and fairy tales. Storytelling is very important to the
Iroquois Indian culture. Here is an Oneida myth about the
origin of mosquitoes.
What about Iroquois religion?
Spirituality and religion were important parts of Iroquois life, and some people continue to practice traditional beliefs today.
It is respectful to avoid imitating religious rituals for school projects since some Iroquois people care about them deeply.
You can read and learn about them, however. You can visit this site to learn more about
Iroquois mythology or this site about
Native religions in general.
Can you recommend a good book on the Iroquois Confederacy?
Lacrosse: The National Game of the Iroquois is a
lively look at the traditions of this sport and Iroquois history in general, tracing the lives three generations of Onondaga lacrosse players.
Legends of the Iroquois is a good collection of
Six Nations myths, retold by a Mohawk author.
Wampum Belts of the Iroquois is an interesting look at the
symbolism and significance of the different wampum belt designs used by the Iroquois peoples.
If You Lived With The Iroquois provides a good look at
daily life and customs in the Iroquois tribes in the old days.
You can also browse through our reading list of recommended
Native American children’s books.
Disclaimer: we are an Amazon affiliate and our website earns a commission if you buy a book through one of these links.
Most of them can also be found in a public library, though!
How do I cite your website in my bibliography?
You will need to ask your teacher for the format he or she wants you to use in class. The authors’ names are Laura Redish and
Orrin Lewis and the title of our site is Native Languages of the Americas. We are a nonprofit educational organization
working to preserve and protect Native American languages and culture. You can learn more about our organization
here. Our website was first created in 1998 and last updated in
2020.
Thanks for your interest in the Iroquois Indian people and their languages!
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90,000 haircuts for men with short and long hair, styling wide and other mohawks
Nowadays, many young people strive to look truly original, not afraid to add a little extravagance to their look.It is with these trends that the rebirth of the mohawk haircut is associated.
When
appeared
For the first time, the mohawk haircut became widely known as an element of the image of punks – representatives of the youth subculture – and has long been associated with them. A high “comb” of hair adorned the shaved or short-cropped heads of young rebels in the distant 80s. Often, the mohawk was dyed in bright colors and with the help of styling products, characteristic “thorns” were formed from the strands.The goal of all these efforts was one – shocking.
And indeed, such a hairstyle made an indelible impression on ordinary people .It was impossible to call her fashionable then, since not everyone was ready to have a haircut and paint in the punk style, however, many knew about what a mohawk was.
The name of the haircut is associated with the designation of a group of warlike Indian tribes who, to demonstrate their fearlessness, decorated their shaved heads with porcupine quills and animal fur.
Features
Dozens of years after its first appearance, men’s hairstyles with a mohawk have become in demand among those who like bright and bold ideas.The hairstyle, of course, has undergone changes, since it is done in order to attract attention, to create an interesting image, but not in order to shock others or protest against established values.
When creating a hairstyle, the bulk of the hair is cut to zero or very short, leaving only a strip from the forehead to the back of the head. The width of the strip to be left and the length of the hair on it may vary. The hairstyle is fixed using styling products, lifting the hair vertically to form a kind of “comb”.
The length of the hair band can also be different:
- to the neck;
- to the back of the head.
Up to the neck
Up to the back of the head
Varieties
The mohawk haircut now has a large number of variations. Here are the main ones:
- with long hair;
- for medium length hair;
- short mohawk;
- with wide bangs;
- with long bangs;
- with a narrow band;
- wide.
Some of them can be combined, for example, a wide mohawk is often done for medium-length hair and at the same time a wide thick bang can be formed.
Let’s dwell on each of the options in more detail.
- Classic Mohawk is a narrow strip of long hair from forehead to neck, shaved temples.
- The modern interpretation – the so-called short mohawk – assumes the maximum length of the strands in the upper part of the head up to 4 cm. The rest of the hair is cut with a clipper to a length of 3–6 mm, shaving to zero is used less often.
- Haircut mohawk for medium hair gives you the opportunity to choose different styling options. With the help of varnish or gel, the strands can be fixed vertically or combed back – in the latter case, the hairstyle will resemble an undercut haircut.
- A more extravagant look has a mohawk haircut with a long bang , into which a strip of hair at the top of the head smoothly passes.The bangs can be left hanging free over the forehead or fixed in an upright position using styling products, like the rest of the ridge.
- Option with wide voluminous bangs is suitable for those men who are not ready for too daring experiments with their hairstyle.This type of haircut has a less informal look, since the whiskey is not shaved, but cut with a machine, the strip of longer hair from the forehead to the back of the head is made quite wide (equal to about half the width of the forehead).
- If is made a narrow mohawk, then a strip of hair about 2 cm wide is left on the head, the rest of the hair is significantly shortened or completely shaved off.
- Wide Mohawk assumes that the width of the strip is at least 4 cm.
When shaping hairstyles, they usually adhere to this rule: with short strands of the “comb”, the hair on the temples and on the back of the head is shortened as much as possible.
Suitable for
Mohawk is definitely considered an exclusively youth haircut. Moreover, it does not match the office style. Usually people of creative professions choose it for themselves, as well as athletes – that is, those who are always in sight and rarely wear formal suits and ties, are not constrained by strict dress code and corporate standards.
You can list a number of famous people who decided on a similar experiment with their hair, for example, Cristiano Ronaldo, David Beckham, Neymar, Jared Leto, etc.
Mohawk hairstyle is an option for confident men, accustomed to attention others.
Cristiano Ronaldo
David Beckham
Neymar
Jared Leto
It should be noted that the mohawk with long strands is more suitable for straight hair. Men with curly hair will find it difficult to give their hair the desired look. Laying will require some effort associated with pre-straightening the strands. With medium and short hair length, if the hair is thick enough, you can not straighten the strands, leaving them in their natural form.
Short mohawk is a more versatile option, it does not require a significant amount of time to style your hair for any type of hair. Therefore, a short mohawk haircut is often done for boys.It is quite simple, children like it very much and does not cause much trouble for parents.
When choosing a hairstyle, you should always pay attention to the type of face. The mohawk will look good if the shape of the face belongs to the conventional types “circle”, “square”, “oval”. For a triangle shape, this haircut will not work.
This hairstyle can be afforded by people who do not have scalp defects: scars, birthmarks.In any case, when making a decision, you should heed the advice of professionals based on many years of experience and knowledge.
Current trends
In modern modifications of the mohawk, the main emphasis in some cases, hairdressers-stylists do not so much on the “comb” as on the unusual design of the side zones of the head.Lines, stripes, zigzags, bizarre patterns, drawings or ornaments are shaved on short hair – the imagination of hairdressing masters is truly limitless.
In some cases, the mohawk is made more like a quiff haircut – in this case, the hair length gradually decreases from the forehead to the back of the head, the hair on the back of the head is cut short.
Another modern trend is the use of the fade technique when creating a haircut.The temples and back of the head are trimmed, and towards the central stripe, the length of the hair gradually increases. This technique is often used on wavy, dark coarse hair, with the strands in the center left in their natural curly state without straightening.
A mohawk haircut is often combined with wearing a beard, the design of which takes into account the specifics of the entire image as a whole. In this case, the fade technique is also often used. If the temples and the back of the head are not shaved, but cut short, then they are made out with beautiful edging.
Dyeing hair in bright colors is done infrequently, dyeing for gray hair or lightening strands, as well as toning are more in demand.
Hair styling and fixing
Mohawk refers to those hairstyles that require the mandatory use of styling products, which can be:
- foam or mousse;
- gel;
- hairspray;
- modeling wax.
For the styling of the “comb” with strands of medium and long length, means with a strong fixation effect are used.
Mousse or foam is applied to slightly damp hair (it is enough to blot it with a towel after washing). The products are applied with the fingers in the direction from bottom to top, while the hair is given the required vertical position.Further, if necessary, a hairbrush is used.
To achieve the effect of wet hair, use a special gel, which is applied before the hair dries. It can also be used to form a characteristic styling – “thorns” from hair strands.
Hair styling in the form of “thorns” is considered a “classic of the genre”, it was often used by representatives of the punk subculture.
Modeling wax is also used to fix individual strands, it is better to choose matt. Spray is sprayed onto dry hair for the final fixing of the result.
When using any styling product, you need to be careful, do not apply too much gel or varnish, as this will weigh the hair down and can give the opposite result than expected.
Advice on selection
Before deciding to transform your appearance with a mohawk hairstyle, you should weigh the pros and cons of such a step.
Features:
- it can be done with different hair lengths;
- there are a large number of hairstyle options;
- There are various stacking options;
- Compatible with sports, casual and street wear;
- allows you to stand out and create an original look.
Restrictions:
- will not be combined with a business style of dress;
- is more suitable for people of creative professions and athletes;
- requires frequent updates – you need to visit the hairdresser regularly;
- belongs to the category of haircuts for young people;
- you will need to learn how to style yourself.
Master class on the implementation of the Iroquois, see below.
90,000 history, types, photos, how to make
Mohawk – (mohawk) This is probably the very first radical hairstyle in the history of mankind.In the Neolithic era, our ancestors’ choice of hairstyle consisted of long dreadlocks and that’s it. Once an enterprising caveman created a rather sharp stone, and the hairstyles of our ancestors expanded to include a bald and not-so-bald head.
The most uncomplicated “not quite bald” style was the Mohawk, as it is symmetrical and easy to do on your own.
From the mosh pit to the boardroom, the modern Mohawk can be as sophisticated as it is cocky.
Since then, it has been in constant use for centuries, from the ancient Irish Celts to the Ukrainian Cossacks. Our modern version got its name from mohawk (mohawk – the name of one of the Iroquois tribes in America), in England also mohican (Mohican).
For the first time the mohawk began to be worn by the Scottish singer, the leader of The Exploited, Watty Buchan, after which many punk-rock musicians and fans of this direction adopted it.
Types of Iroquois
In the past, the Iroquois haircut and hairstyle was meant for rebels or punks who wanted to stand out.Mohawk is now more fashionable and mainstream than ever, with celebrities, soccer players, and hipster models doing hair for photo shoots. In fact, tapered or short can be worn even in everyday life.
In the ideology of punk, the “mohawk” is a symbol of the struggle against the stereotypes imposed by society.
With so many mohawk species to choose from, it can be tricky to pick the coolest look for you. From long to short, wide to narrow, classic to modern, curly to bushy, shaved to fade, the men’s mohawk offers a range of cool hairstyles.
Photo
How to cut a mohawk
To make a mohawk you will need long hair on top to pull it up. For best results, we recommend at least 5-7 cm of hair for the short mohawk or 7-13 cm for the long mohawk.
How high it sticks out is your personal preference.
How to cut yourself with a clipper
How to make a mohawk
- Wash your hair.
- Dry your hair by directing and pulling the strands up to bring them up to the roots.
- If your hair is long: Straighten it with a special hair straightener.
- Take some wax or pomade and rub it over your hands,
- Use your hands to apply the product to the hair, directing the strands up and in.
- Repeat steps four and five until the desired look is achieved.
- Fix with varnish
Men’s Mohawk hairstyle – 40 photos, methods of execution
Men’s fashion, like women’s, does not stand still.A hairstyle can tell a lot about its wearer, show character and style. A spectacular mohawk is a hairstyle for self-confident men who seek to destroy boring stereotypes in society.
For the first time, the Iroquois hairstyle was found on tribal Indians hundreds of years ago, but in the current interpretation it appeared only in the 80s of the 20th century, during the heyday of punk culture. Today, there are quite a few options for mohawk hairstyles of various lengths and colors. Although, it is no longer possible to say with certainty that the mohawk hairstyle is only male, women with a mohawk are found today no less often than men.
How to choose the right hairstyle Mohawk
The choice of this hairstyle for each is determined by several factors. This is the length, color, amount of hair on the head, type of face. For the most daring and decisive, a long mohawk is suitable, set high, shouting with its aggressiveness and insolence. For less temperamental men, a short mohawk hairstyle with trimmed temporal parts is suitable.
For more romantic men who want to express themselves a little, a short mohawk, without shaved parts, smoothly combed and raised with mousse, is also suitable.
Eccentric natures can choose a mohawk with colored hair, shaved patterns and designs on the sides of the head. There is no limit to fantasies in the field of Iroquois, the masters are ready to fulfill any embodiment of the most extraordinary person.
Original hairstyle mohawk
Men’s haircut mohawk
Option for hairstyle mohawk
Idea for men’s hairstyle mohawk
Short hairstyle mohawk
Spectacular hairstyle mohawk
Men’s hairstyle mohawk
men’s hairstyle mohawk
men’s hairstyle mohawk
Men’s haircut mohawk
Mohawk haircuts in the current version can be quite different in purpose and style.Some are designed to surprise and shock others with their brightness and assertiveness, others can bring romance and gentleness to society, radiating chic and elegance. Of course, such a hairstyle is hardly suitable for a business meeting, but for an evening look it may well be appropriate if the mohawk is short.
The width of the mohawk itself can vary from 15 to 2 centimeters, it all depends on the preference of each person. There are no standards for this man’s hairstyle, except perhaps a reasonable limit.A mohawk that is too long will be difficult to lay on a daily basis, spending a lot of time and money on fixing it. The hair on the temporal areas can be either shaved off or cut short. A haircut with shaved temples is more suitable for true fans of punk, but if the whiskey is neatly trimmed, the mohawk will look more relaxed.
Mohawk hairstyle with dyeing of strands
Mohawk hairstyle for short hair
Stylish men’s hairstyle Mohawk
Original Mohawk hairstyle for men
Mohawk hairstyle with highlighting
Mohawk hairstyle for medium hair
Mohawk hairstyle for medium hair
Mohawk hairstyle for medium hair
Mohawk for men
Trendy men’s haircut Mohawk
For daily wear, a short mohawk is quite beneficial, because it always looks quite stylish and masculine.It is not so difficult to lay it, and with correct and high-quality fixation, it will last until the evening.
Fashionable styling options Mohawk
The mohawk, for all its eccentricity, is quite a fashionable hairstyle. Haircuts and styling with a mohawk are done by many celebrities – actors, singers, football players.
Alternatively, you can lay the mohawk at an angle backward, slightly smoothing the ends. A round comb will help. Such a mohawk will look quite elegant and calm.
A variant with a comb is very romantic. It is easy to style, just lift your hair up with your hands and fixing agents, and the result will be amazing.
Another fashionable way to style a mohawk is to walk over it with a hair straightener, setting the desired direction and creating a wave. This styling looks very stylish, and you can do it at home without resorting to the help of masters.
Mohawk hairstyle for medium hair
Hair styling Mohawk style
Idea for styling Mohawk hairstyle
Men’s Mohawk hairstyle
Styling Mohawk hairstyle for men
Short hairstyle Mohawk haircut
Short hairstyle Mohawk haircut
Iroquois hairstyle
Iroquois hairstyle
Iroquois hairstyle
Fashionable hairstyle mohawk for men
If the mohawk is pulled towards the face, making bangs, the styling will take on a youthful character.This option is suitable for those with a high forehead.
Mohawk, consisting of many thorns – spectacular and fresh hairstyle. To create such an option, you need to apply mousse or gel to wet hair and twist the strands into flagella, pulling each in the right direction and blowing hot air. Such styling will be appropriate at a party or at a concert, undoubtedly attracting the attention of others.
How to make a men’s mohawk hairstyle
There are several options for how to make a mohawk hairstyle, depending on the length of the hair and the desired effect.Consider a couple. If you need to put the mohawk upright, you can make the option with spikes. You will need a hair dryer, gel and strong hold varnish.
- First, divide the hair on the mohawk into small strands and collect each with an elastic band.
- Starting from the forehead, take the first strand, slightly wet and apply the gel.
- Dry the lock with a hairdryer, lifting it up and twisting it into a flagellum.
- Seal with varnish.
- Do this with all the strands.Each of them will look like a kind of thorn.
Dry with very hot air to put the hair well. It is necessary to blow from the roots to the ends so that the strands are uniform, without protruding hairs.
Mohawk hairstyle for men
Short version of the Mohawk hairstyle
Fashionable hairstyle Mohawk for men
Spectacular male mohawk hairstyle
Mohawk hairstyle for men
Stylish version of the Mohawk hairstyle
Men’s hairstyle Iroquois
Hairstyle ideas 9000 hairstyle mohawk
If you want something less extreme, you can make a mohawk without shaving your hair.You will need gel or wax, hair dryer, hair spray, foam.
- Apply foam to clean, dry hair and comb up all hair.
- Dry with a hair dryer.
- Apply generously of gel or wax.
- Dry again by combing them into a comb on the head.
- Secure with strong hold varnish.
This hairstyle is also quite suitable for a romantic meeting, if initially the hair length is no more than five centimeters. Otherwise, the hairstyle will look more aggressive.
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Mohawk – a hairstyle that attracts the eye + PHOTO
Today, meeting people with a mohawk on the streets, no one turns after them. The hairstyle, which ten years ago could be seen on the heads of representatives of the subculture, has now become quite familiar.Wanting to stand out, to attract attention, such a hairstyle is chosen by young guys, older men. And little boys love this style for the opportunity to feel like real heroes of films about Indians.
The “Iroquois” hairstyle is not suitable for people who have to adhere to a strict dress code – military, government officials. Although a short hair, laid in a comb along the center line of the head, can be afforded by people working in an office.
In a modern interpretation, the “Iroquois” hairstyle is adapted to the rhythm of life, in which there is not much time left for hair care.It looks good on short, long strands. Choosing a mohawk for yourself, of which there are many variations, it is worth deciding whether this haircut will be with shaved temples or simply cut.
Only perfectly straight strands are suitable for this hairstyle. If they naturally have a curly structure, then each time after washing they will have to be straightened. Another feature of this option is the need to use a large number of styling products. Without them, the form simply will not be stable.
Iroquois can be of completely different variations, which differ in appearance, name:
- Quiff – haircut with shaved or very short temples. On the back of the head, short hair smoothly merges into a long strip of the crown zone.
- Thorns – long strands are stretched, combed and fixed around the circumference of the head (like the Statue of Liberty) or evenly distributed over the entire surface.
- Long mohawk – hairstyle with shaved temples and a long strip of hair that stretches from the forehead to the back of the head.The vertical shape is given with the use of fixing means.
Short mohawk – elegant and original
A short mohawk is the option that most men can afford, not limited by the strict framework of the profession. For owners of a round, rectangular, oval face, it will suit the face. But for those with elongated outlines, the mohawk will only emphasize thinness. In this case, it is better to pay attention to other haircuts. Also, a haircut with shaved temples is not recommended for men with features that they would like to hide.
The basis of a beautiful Mohawk hairstyle is the correct haircut. Before creating it, it is worth discussing some of the nuances with the master. What will be the width of the crown strip, the length of the cut temporal hair. Most often, in a short version, half a centimeter of ding is left at the temples or they are shaved bald.
For styling short hairstyles you will need combs of various densities, mousse or hair gel, varnish, hair dryer. Wet hair needs to be combed thoroughly, apply a small amount of foam or gel.Dry hair with a comb and hair dryer, while directing a stream of cool air from the roots to the ends. Fix upright hair with varnish.
Another way to style your hairstyle with shaved hair at the temples allows you to do with the minimum amount of available tools. A little of the gel is applied and thoroughly distributed into damp hair. Hands are given a vertical position. It remains to sprinkle with varnish – and the hairstyle is ready.
Basic principles that stylists adhere to when working on creating a hairstyle:
- hair length at the crown and crown of the head no more than 3-4 cm;
- short crown – very short temples;
- If highlighting of individual strands is used, then it should not sharply contrast with the main hair color.
These kinds of hairstyles can often be seen in photographs of celebrities – athletes, musicians and film actors. They often add to their mohawk ornaments shaved on the temples, unusual patterns that harmonize well with hair shaded with different colors.
You can diversify your hairstyle, leaving an elongated bangs when cutting. It can be styled by combing it back or letting the strands fall freely over the face. A sleek mohawk can also be one of the elegant styling options.Men who choose an active lifestyle most often stop at the short version of the Mohawk.
Long hair – for informals
Variation of hairstyles for long hair – the choice of people, free looks, great originals. They are provided with a bright and memorable appearance. This option is not very different from the mohawk technique for short hair. But there are still some nuances. To create a mohawk on long hair, you need a thick-toothed comb, a hair dryer, and a strong hold nail polish.
- Divide the wet hair into small strands.
- A thick comb is used to comb at the roots, create a comb of the desired shape, and then everything is dried with a hairdryer and fixed with varnish.
The same principle is used to make a mohawk with thorns. However, combing the thorns at the same distance yourself is not easy, so it is best to do this with the help of a hairdresser or ask a friend for help. It is worth considering that bouffant is not the most beneficial procedure for hair, during which they are injured.
Variation for children
The Iroquois hairstyle delights boys of all ages. And the smallest, and preschoolers, and teenagers look very stylish with such a haircut. And this haircut makes life easier for parents. No need to worry that your hair will get in the way, closing your eyes during lessons, care and styling take very little time. And during the summer holidays, such a haircut will not let the head overheat. A children’s mohawk can be made by a master in the salon or on your own at home.This does not require a lot of experience, special tools. It is enough to have a hair clipper at home and sharp scissors with thin ends, combs with thick teeth.
- When starting a haircut, separate the strands on the crown, which will form the actual mohawk.
- Divide them transversely into the parietal and occipital parts, secure with clamps.
- Hair on the temples and on the sides of the back of the head is moistened and removed with a machine. Depending on the desired length, the size of the clipper head is selected.
- Then the crown hair is separated by 1 centimeter thick strands and cut with a pull up. All strands are equal, focusing on the length of the first cut strand. The haircut is done at an angle that will provide a smooth transition from the crown to the frontal zone, the back of the head.
- When you are finished trimming your hair, tousle your hair to the desired shape with your hands.
Himself a hairdresser
Hairstyle “Iroquois” is not difficult even for a beginner in hairdressing.It can be done at home as well.
- Having shaved off the hair on the temples and the lateral parts of the back of the head with a machine, leave an intact strip of the desired width in the center of the head from the frontal zone to the back of the head.
- Then, using scissors and a comb, small strands are smoothed to the desired length. If you want to get a fashionable mohawk without cutting long hair, then from the temporal zone they are combed to the back of the head and fixed with hairpins.
- For styling, use a strong fixing agent.Foam and gel are applied to damp hair, and dry hair is fixed with varnishes. Lovers of multi-colored hairstyles can use colored varnish to dye the comb. Its advantage is that it rinses off easily when you wash your hair. Maximum imagination – and a stylish mohawk will definitely work out.
hairstyle for men, short haircut, how to make a wide one for men, cleaver, rakes, what a half-poker looks like, mohawk
Earlier this hairstyle reflected belonging to some kind of youth subculture.Now the haircut is popular with young guys and men who want to attract the attention of others. A little boy with a mohawk will feel like a warlike Indian. The popularity of men’s hairstyles is due to its unusual stylish look. Looks attractive on hair of any length.
Choosing a variant of the male mohawk hairstyle according to the description and photo
stylish men’s hairstyle
The modern mohawk hairstyle is designed for a fast pace of life, in which a person does not have time to devote much time to caring for his hairstyle.The mohawk is not suitable for men with a strict dress code in some professions – officials, military men, important bosses. This hairstyle is more extravagant than the Canadian one, the video of which is presented on our website. The office guys can do a short haircut, combed along the center of the head. Only very straight strands are suitable for creating a mohawk. Curly hair after washing will need to be constantly straightened.
In the classic version, the hair is shaved on the sides, and part of the hair remains in the middle of the head in the form of a strip.
Mohawk with spikes is made in the same way as the classic version. But the hair at the top is laid in the form of thorns. Mohawk suits any type of face. Read more about haircuts for an oval face here.
When creating a Gothic mohawk, hair is shaved off only at the temples, their length can be any.
Elegant haircut for short hair
hairstyle for short hair
The short mohawk is the most popular. Perfect for men with oval, rectangular and round faces.
For guys with an elongated face, a haircut does not suit – it will only emphasize thinness.
The basis of the mohawk is the correct trimming of the comb
In the short version, most often they leave the length at the temples at 0.5 cm or shave them off altogether.
The back of the head is shaved too. A strip of hair with a width of 2 to 15 centimeters remains on the crown. The short comb of the hairstyle is formed by two or three centimeters of strands. The ridge can be on the side or in the middle of the head.The shorter the strands are left for styling, the more the whiskey is cut. Shaved whiskey is preferred by representatives of different subcultures and football fans. For ordinary men, a calmer version of a short mohawk without shaved areas, with neatly trimmed temples, is suitable. The hairstyle will look more original with the coloring of the strands. For men who prefer classic hairstyles, we recommend paying attention to the undercard, a photo of which you can see on our website.
creative hairstyle
The short mohawk is easy to care for. It does not require a lot of styling products. It is enough to wash your hair and use a gel, a hair dryer and a comb to lay the strands up. The necessary shape of the hairstyle with high-quality fixation remains for a long time. The owner of a mohawk needs to visit the gym often, because this haircut is combined with a toned slender figure. You can consider the option of hairstyles for boys, but on condition that the mohawk is short.
Original patterns on shaved temples on a boy’s haircut
hairstyle with a pattern on the shaved temples
The pattern on the head looks unusual and attractive in mohawk. The image of a man becomes more extravagant, bold and modern. This option is suitable for active and courageous men. Patterns are made both on one side at the temples, and on two. And they are not always symmetrical. They are shaved with a typewriter.
Patterns create the effect of a tattoo and this gives the Mohawk hairstyle uniqueness and individuality!
Patterns can be changed frequently – hair grows back quickly! These can be elongated stripes, zigzags.
More complex patterns are made in the form of ornaments and various volumetric graphic designs.
Everyone can choose their own individual pattern design. After half a month, you need to make a correction, otherwise the haircut loses its shape. The owner of a mohawk will always be in the center of attention of others. This is a great way to show your personality and creativity.
Mohawk with thick bangs
haircut with thick bangs
An interesting type of hairstyle – a mohawk with thick bangs. It remains quite long, falls a little on the face. The ends of the bangs are combed high up.
When creating a hairstyle on the back of the head and temples, the hair is cut short, and long strands are left on the crown and bangs.
Then they are laid in the form of a ridge. Such a mohawk can look different. For people with free views on life, a mohawk with thorns is suitable. They are guaranteed to have a memorable and bright appearance. if the mohawk is a more aggressive haircut, then you can make a creative bob haircut on short hair, read more about it here.
A neat haircut with slightly shaved temples and a not very aggressive comb at the top is popular. Hair to create a mohawk is taken from the parietal part of the head and thick bangs and laid compactly. This hairstyle is harmoniously combined with a business look and with an evening look. A similar hairstyle can be seen in many representatives of show business and famous actors. Recommended for young guys and mature men who want to look modern and stylish. Young people who do not like to experiment with their image can get a haircut under a hat.
If you don’t want to shave your hair, make a small crest in the forehead area.
In this case, the strands are only slightly shortened at the temples, and the tuft is made from thick bangs.
Video: master class on creating a stylish creative image
Thanks to the video tutorial posted on our website, you will get acquainted with the step-by-step process of creating a mohawk haircut. This hairstyle requires professionalism and experience from the master.
Secrets of proper styling for men
hairstyle mohawk
If sports haircuts do not require special styling, then the mohawk hairstyle will have to be modeled every time.In this peculiar haircut, the top hair on the head is usually styled. Long hair at the bottom can be tied into a ponytail. For a mohawk, a short styling product may not be required – the hair itself begins to stick up. If you understand that the mohawk is not your hairstyle, because it is too extraordinary, then do a boxing or semi-boxing. They have an insignificant difference. But what is the difference between men’s haircuts and semi-boxing, photos of which you can see on our website? The answer is simple – the length of the hair in the occipital region.
But more often than not, careful fixation is required to give the hairstyle the desired shape. Strong hold products are suitable for styling. Styling foam is applied to the damp strands and then dried with a hairdryer. Dry hair is sprayed with varnish. Lovers of colored hairstyles can paint the comb on the head with colored varnish. While washing the hair, the varnish will be easily washed off. Modeling wax is suitable for separating specific strands.
Gel with a “wet” effect will help to build a spiked version of a mohawk on the head.
subtleties of styling
To make a hairstyle for long hair, you will need a thick comb, a hair dryer and a strong hold spray. Divide the hair pre-moistened with water into several strands. Brush at the roots and form a comb to the desired shape. Sweat dry it with a hairdryer and sprinkle with varnish. The same method is used to make a studded mohawk. But combing the thorns at an equal distance is very difficult on your own. Ask someone to help you or go to a hairdresser.The master will make a stylish and extravagant hairstyle.
The round comb will help you style the mohawk at a back angle. You need to smooth the ends a little with a comb. This hairstyle looks elegant and not so bright.
A romantic version with a small comb is very easy to create. Apply styling product to your head. Starting from the temples to the crown of the head, gently comb up your hair with your fingers. At the same time, give the tuft the desired shape, and the result will be amazing.To create a more voluminous comb, special combs are used.
laying mohawk
An interesting method of styling the mohawk using a hair straightener. Iron the hair in the desired direction, creating a wave. It turns out a fashionable stylish styling.
The most important thing in proper styling is not to use too many fixing agents.
Do not pour half a jar of gel onto your head. This will not guarantee a long hairstyle.Under the weight of the gel, the strands will not last long. They will become greasy, dirty looking and the hairstyle will lose its attractiveness. Everything is good in moderation.
Mohawk hairstyle is an excellent solution for people who are not afraid of experimenting with their appearance. Judging by the photo, the haircut will attract people’s attention and pleasantly surprise. Emphasize your individuality, and do not be afraid of it. Moreover, there are different options for this original and stylish hairstyle.
90,000 Civilian “Iroquois” will still be assembled at the Odessa Aviation (photo)
Vice-president of Aviastar Invest Corporation Grigory Shimshiryan and director of the Odessa aircraft plant Vitaly Yukhachev told the correspondent of the Ukrainian Information Service Anna Pokrovskaya
about the prospects of civilian “Iroquois” of the national assembly.
The hype around the Iroquois, which will begin to be assembled at the Odessa aircraft plant, began in February 2021, when Ukroboronprom announced that it had received a license to assemble a civilian version of the UH-1 Iroquois military helicopter.
As it turned out, in March Ukroboronprom jumped to conclusions. The Iroquois manufacturer, Bell Trexton, did not issue this license to Ukraine. But another American company, Southwest Florida Aviation, was licensed. They, in particular, produce the SW-205 (licensed modification of the civilian version of the UH-1 Iroquois helicopter).It was with this company that SW partners, Aviastar Invest Corporation, headed by Shimshiryan, agreed to assemble this model in Odessa.
We bought from the State Department the rights to modernize the civilian version of the Iroquois helicopters and are producing their entire line – SW 204, 205, 205T, 210, 212, etc. We planned to collect them in Ukraine and, as legal owners, give our partner Ukroboronprom the opportunity to modernize the product. But, unfortunately, a problem arose. If earlier a modernized helicopter could immediately go into service, now a new provision has emerged, according to which everything that goes to the Ministry of Defense must also be certified.That is, as soon as they change one propeller, the helicopter will have to be certified in a new way. And this is at least 2-3 years of life and 10 million dollars, which Ukraine does not have , – explained Shimshiryan.
In the photo: Grigory Shimshiryan
It is interesting that even without military weapons, “medium” (in terms of weight) helicopters are the most demanded in the world. SW 205 is used in medical aviation, search operations and in extinguishing forest fires. However, there is not a single helicopter of this type in Ukraine now.
At the moment, in Ukraine, these helicopters can only be assembled. But without launching into the air, the assembly does not make sense. And for this it is necessary that the American SW certificates are certified for the first time in Ukraine. This is where the national bureaucratic machine comes in. This process is called “type certification validation” and was launched two months ago.
We have been dealing with this issue for 3 years already. Only under the current leadership of the country and Ukroboronprom do we see progress.But we want to see partnership. Our projects are fully investment. We do not ask the state for anything. Moreover, if the state gives us clear guarantee mechanisms (sovereign guarantee, foreign loan bonds, leasing, concession, etc.), we are ready to finance the country. For example, we will produce 50 helicopters, and the Ukrainian authorities will buy 10 from us, but they will say that they need 50. No question! We will give 50 under state guarantees , – explained Shimshiryan.
According to the vice-president of Aviastar Invest Corporation, moving the production of helicopters to Odessa will cost the company $ 200 million.According to the protocol of needs, Ukraine needs 400 cars. And the investor needs guarantees that the country will be able to pay for them.
As soon as Ukraine certifies new helicopters for the country and the States will send specialists here who will train Odessa craftsmen, SW will begin to be assembled at the Odessa Aviation Plant. By the way, now its capacities are used by less than 30%. According to the director, for this reason, over the past 4 years, the staff of the enterprise has decreased by a third.
At the same time, cooperation with American partners will create 400 jobs at the plant.Taking into account Southwest Florida Aviation’s plans to produce at least 400 aircraft in Odessa (50 helicopters per year), they will provide the plant with uninterrupted operation for 8 years in advance.
For Motor Sich, our plant produces soft fuel tanks, we cooperate in cooperation with Konotop and many other plants, but for the last 3-4 years we have been working with underutilization. Therefore, I actively seek and respond to all opportunities to increase production. This technique costs 10-15 times more than we produce – up to 120 million for a helicopter! Of course I agreed! – explained the director of the plant Vitaly Yukhachev.
In the photo: Vitaly Yukhachev
To expedite validation, several helicopters will be delivered from the United States to Odessa in August for demonstration. They will be assembled by SKD directly at the factory. The first helicopter assembled in Ukraine will be presented on August 16. If validation is given by this time, then it will be able to take off and the production of SW will be established in Odessa.
USI Dossier: Southwest Florida Aviation International was founded in 1982. Having received the appropriate permission and licenses from the US State Department, the company began to modernize the Iroquois for multidisciplinary use, they were called by the capital letters of their name: SW-205, SW-206, SW -212, etc.d.
Earlier at USIonline.com – At a forum in Odessa, Davis spoke about NATO’s cooperation with Ukraine.
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Hiawatha – Chief of the Iroquois
About the play
Premiered on January 29, 1923.
The performance was played 94 times.
Dramatic poem in four acts Nick.Ogneva
Music by A. Shenshin
(as a material, among other sources, the author used Longfellow’s poem “The Song of Hiawatha” in Russian translation by I. A. Bunin)
- Big Stage
- Museum
Duration of the performance 2 hours 30 minutes
Genre:
Dramatic poem in 4 acts
Author:
Henry Longfellow
Author of the play:
N.Ognev
Characters and performers
Maskenoza, singer
Heralds
Kovaltsyg Lydia
Tretyakova Natalya
IROQUESIS
HAYAWATA, SUPREME LEADER Vadin Leonid Anders Alexander TOUZIND, LEADER OLD LEADER | NIMUSHA, HAYAWAT’S MOTHER May Anna ZVEROLOVY WARRIORS | KUONISHI, BROTHER HAYAWATA Verlyuk Tamara HUNTER WOMEN | DEKANAVIDA, LEADER Bolotov Yuri GONETS |
GURONS
ATOTARHO, SUPREME LEADER Shtraukh Ivan MUSHKADAZA, | MANOMONI, Daughter Leader Voronova Varvara FRIENDS OF MANOMONI | OZAVABIK, LEADER Yurenev Alexander WARRIORS | SHENGIBIS, LEADER Krotkov Mikhail WOMEN |
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