How much does it cost to produce a penny. What are the arguments for keeping the penny. Why do some advocate for eliminating the penny. How has inflation affected the penny’s value. Which countries have eliminated their lowest-value coins.
The Rising Cost of Penny Production
The United States has been minting pennies since the late 18th century. However, in recent years, the cost of producing these one-cent coins has become a contentious issue. Why? The production cost now exceeds the face value of the coin itself.
In 2016, the U.S. Mint produced a staggering 9.1 billion pennies, more than any other coin denomination. Each penny cost 1.5 cents to manufacture, resulting in a net loss of $46 million for the year. This financial disparity has persisted for over a decade, primarily due to rising costs of raw materials like zinc and copper used in penny production.
Production Costs of Other Coins
How do other coins compare in terms of production costs?
- Nickels also incur a loss during production
- Quarters, on the other hand, generate a surplus
- Each quarter costs only 7.6 cents to produce, less than a third of its face value
The Declining Value of Pennies as Currency
Inflation has steadily eroded the penny’s purchasing power over time. To put this into perspective, the United States discontinued the half-penny coin in 1857. Today, the one-cent coin has significantly less value in our economy than the half-cent did when it was retired.
How has inflation impacted the penny’s worth? In 1950, an item costing one cent would require a dime to purchase today. This devaluation has led some to question the practicality of keeping pennies in circulation.
Time Value of Pennies
Is it worth your time to pick up a penny? A New York Times article estimated that in 2015, the average American worker earned nearly a penny per second. This suggests that for many, the time spent retrieving a dropped penny might be worth more than the coin itself.
International Precedents: Countries That Have Eliminated Low-Value Coins
The United States is not alone in grappling with the future of its lowest-denomination coin. Several countries have already taken steps to phase out their equivalent of the penny. What can we learn from their experiences?
- Canada: Stopped producing pennies in 2012
- Australia: Discontinued one-cent and two-cent coins in 1992
- United Kingdom: While still in circulation, there have been discussions about potentially phasing out the penny
These countries cited similar reasons for their decisions, including rising production costs and diminished purchasing power due to inflation.
The Economic Impact of Retaining Pennies
Beyond production costs, some argue that keeping pennies in circulation creates additional economic burdens. How do pennies affect business operations?
Studies suggest that handling pennies can add approximately two seconds to each cash transaction. While this may seem negligible, it can accumulate to significant time and cost for businesses, especially those processing high volumes of cash transactions.
Arguments for Preserving the Penny
Despite the economic arguments against the penny, there remains substantial public support for keeping the coin in circulation. What are the main reasons cited by penny proponents?
- Public Opinion: Surveys indicate that a majority of Americans oppose eliminating the penny
- Charitable Fundraising: Many charities rely on penny collection drives as a fundraising method
- Price Control: Some argue that eliminating pennies would lead to price rounding, potentially causing increases for consumers
- Cultural Significance: The penny holds historical and sentimental value for many Americans
Debunking Cost-Saving Myths
Supporters of the penny argue that cost-reduction estimates are often inflated. They contend that many of the costs associated with penny production are fixed costs that would continue to be incurred for minting other coins, even if penny production ceased.
The Price Rounding Debate
One of the primary concerns about eliminating the penny is the potential impact on consumer prices. Would removing pennies from circulation lead to widespread price increases?
While some argue that businesses would round prices up, potentially harming consumers, economic analysis suggests a more nuanced outcome. One economist’s study indicates that prices would likely be rounded down about as often as they would be rounded up, potentially resulting in a neutral overall effect on consumer spending.
Legislative Efforts to Address the Penny Issue
The debate over the penny’s future has not been confined to academic and public discourse. It has also reached the halls of Congress. What legislative actions have been proposed regarding the penny?
Several bills have been introduced in the U.S. Congress aimed at eliminating or suspending the production of pennies. While none have succeeded thus far, the most recent attempts in 2017 have garnered significant attention.
The 2017 Senate Bill
What does the 2017 Senate bill propose regarding penny production?
- A 10-year suspension of penny production
- Reasoning that sufficient pennies already exist to meet demand
- A study by the Government Accountability Office to assess the impact of this suspension
- Recommendations for potential permanent suspension based on the study’s findings
As of October 2017, this bill and its House counterpart were still pending, highlighting the ongoing nature of the penny debate.
The Future of American Currency
The penny debate raises broader questions about the future of physical currency in an increasingly digital world. How might the decisions made about the penny impact other aspects of the U.S. monetary system?
While the focus has been on the one-cent coin, the discussion has implications for other low-denomination coins and even paper currency. As digital payment methods continue to grow in popularity, policymakers may need to reassess the entire spectrum of physical currency.
Potential Economic Ripple Effects
What would be the wider economic implications of eliminating the penny? Some areas to consider include:
- Impact on industries that rely on zinc and copper, key components of pennies
- Potential changes in consumer behavior and spending patterns
- Effects on charitable organizations that rely on penny drives
- Adjustments needed in cash-handling processes for businesses and banks
Environmental Considerations in the Penny Debate
While much of the discussion around pennies focuses on economic factors, there are also environmental considerations to take into account. What are the ecological implications of penny production and circulation?
The mining and processing of zinc and copper for penny production have environmental impacts. Additionally, the transportation and handling of billions of pennies annually contribute to carbon emissions. Eliminating or reducing penny production could potentially have positive environmental effects.
Recycling and Repurposing Pennies
If penny production were to cease, what would happen to the billions of pennies already in circulation? Some possibilities include:
- Recycling the metal for use in other industries
- Repurposing pennies for artistic or decorative purposes
- Gradually phasing them out of circulation over time
The Role of Technology in the Penny Debate
As we consider the future of the penny, it’s crucial to factor in the rapid advancement of payment technologies. How might emerging financial technologies influence the penny debate?
The rise of contactless payments, cryptocurrency, and digital wallets is already changing how people interact with money. These technological shifts could potentially reduce the need for physical coins, including pennies, in everyday transactions.
Blockchain and Digital Currencies
Could the development of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) impact the penny debate? As countries explore the possibility of issuing digital versions of their national currencies, the role of small denominations like the penny may need to be reevaluated in this new context.
Public Education and Awareness
Regardless of the outcome of the penny debate, public understanding of the issues involved is crucial. How can policymakers and educators increase public awareness about the complexities of currency management?
Engaging the public in discussions about monetary policy, the costs of currency production, and the evolving nature of money in the digital age could lead to more informed decision-making and smoother transitions if changes to the currency system are implemented.
Financial Literacy Initiatives
What role could financial literacy programs play in the penny debate? By improving overall understanding of monetary concepts, these initiatives could help the public better grasp the nuances of currency management and make more informed decisions about issues like the future of the penny.
International Monetary Cooperation
The penny debate in the United States does not exist in isolation. How might international monetary cooperation influence decisions about low-denomination coins?
As global trade and financial systems become increasingly interconnected, decisions about currency denominations could have international implications. Coordination between countries on issues like coin production and circulation could lead to more efficient global monetary systems.
Learning from Global Experiences
What lessons can the United States learn from other countries that have eliminated their lowest-value coins? Studying the economic impacts, public reactions, and implementation strategies of countries like Canada and Australia could provide valuable insights for U.S. policymakers considering changes to the penny.
As the debate over the future of the penny continues, it’s clear that the issue extends far beyond a simple question of whether to keep or eliminate a coin. It touches on fundamental aspects of our economic system, technological progress, environmental concerns, and cultural values. Whatever the outcome, the discussion itself highlights the complex interplay of factors that shape our monetary policy and national identity.
Should the Penny Be Eliminated?
Those who want to save the penny argue that it helps keep prices in check and fuels charitable causes—and that most Americans support keeping the coin.5 The discussion has continued in 2017 following the introduction in U.S. Congress of a bill that proposes suspending production of the penny.6,7
The Penny’s Rising Cost
The U.S. has been producing pennies since the late 1700s.8 Due to the rising cost of production, including the zinc and copper used in the coins, it has cost more than a cent to produce each one for more than a decade.9 The U.S. Mint produced 9.1 billion one-cent coins in 2016, more than any other denomination. It cost 1.5 cents to make each one, resulting in a net loss of $46 million.10
The nickel also lost money, but the quarter coin generated a surplus because of its higher face value; each one cost only 7.6 cents to make, less than a third of its nominal value.11
Declining Value as a Payment Method
The penny’s value as a payment method has steadily declined, due to inflation. The U.S. stopped producing the half-penny coin in 1857, and the group Citizens to Retire the Penny argues that the retirement of the one-cent coin is long overdue since it’s worth far less in today’s economy than the half-cent was when it was retired as a method of payment.12,13
As a New York Times article put it, “The federal government makes and distributes coins to facilitate commerce, but not much can be bought for less than five cents. Thanks to the magic of inflation, what cost a penny in 1950 requires a dime today.” The article estimated that in 2015, American workers on average earned nearly a penny a second. As a result, “It’s literally not worth their time to bend down and pluck one from the sidewalk.”14
Even back in 1996, the U. S. General Accounting Office noted that the penny was not widely used as a payment method. “With its relatively small purchasing power, the penny is used primarily to make change for cash transactions and for the most part does not circulate after initial receipt by the public,” it said in a report presenting options for the coin’s future.15
Proponents of abolition also point out that other countries have abolished their lowest-value coins without apparent problems. Canada stopped making pennies in 2012, for example.16,17 Australia stopped making its one-cent (and two-cent) coins in 1992, citing minting costs and the loss of purchasing power through inflation.18 The U.K., however, has retained the 1200-year-old English penny, although the Governor of the Bank of England reportedly suggested it could be scrapped in coming years.19
Some estimates suggest that keeping the penny creates significant costs for businesses. Citing a survey by the National Association of Convenience Stores and a major pharmacy chain, some authors have suggested that handling pennies can add 2 seconds or more per cash transaction.20
Reasons for Keeping the Penny
A number of surveys have shown that respondents want to keep the penny. In one 2014 survey, 51 percent of respondents said they opposed eliminating the coin, with only 34 percent in favor of elimination; 43 percent said they would be disappointed or angry to see the penny go. And the survey responses also contradicted assertions that pennies are not worth stooping to pick up: 71 percent of respondents said they were more likely to stop and pick up pennies they come across, rather than leaving them lying on the ground.21
The penny’s supporters argue that the coin remains valuable in several ways, and that cost-reduction arguments are largely myths because they include fixed costs that would continue to be incurred for minting other coins even if the penny was eliminated. 22 They point out that charities have used the collection of pennies as a way to raise funds.23
Supporters also say that eliminating the pennies as a payment method would result in price rounding, causing price increases for consumers and businesses.24 However, one economist’s analysis contradicts that claim, suggesting that prices would be rounded downward roughly as often as they would be rounded upward.25
Moves to Stop Making the Penny
Several bills introduced in the U.S. Congress have attempted to eliminate the penny, without succeeding.26,27 The most recent attempts were introduced in the U.S. House and Senate in the spring of 2017 and were still pending in October.28,29
The Senate bill, which has received the most attention, proposes suspending the production of one-cent coins for a 10-year period, saying that sufficient pennies already exist to meet demand and that taxpayers lose money minting the coin. The bill says the Government Accountability Office watchdog agency should study the effect of this temporary suspension and report on whether production should remain suspended. The bill also recommends reducing the cost of producing other denominations: it proposes cutting the cost of the nickel by using a cheaper mix of metals; and replacing the dollar bill with a longer-lasting coin to save money over the long term.30 The bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.31
United States Stamp Values – 1968-69 Commemorative and Regular Issues
United States Stamp Values – 1968-69 Commemorative and Regular Issues – Includes the Airlift for Servicmen Stamp and Historic Flag Series
for all the things you do…
United States Stamp Values
1968-71 Regular Issues
Denom.![]() | Description | Mint | Used |
6 cent | Flag & White House | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Flag & White House- Huck Press | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Flag & W.House-Coil | $0.35 | $0.20 |
8 cent | Flag & W.House-Coil | $0.45 | $0.20 |
1968 Airlift to Servicemen
Denom. | Description | Mint | Used |
1 dollar | Eagle Holding Pennant – Airlift for Our Servicemen | $3.50 | $2.25 |
1968 Commemoratives – Flags Issue
Denom. | Description | Mint | Used |
6 cent | Fort Moultrie Flag 1776 | $1.90 | $0.75 |
6 cent | Fort McHenry Flag – U.S. Flag 1795-1818 | $1.90 | $0.65 |
6 cent | Washington’s Cruisers Flag 1775 | $1.00 | $0.65 |
6 cent | Bennington Flag 1777 | $1.00 | $0.65 |
6 cent | Rhode Island Flag 1775 | $1.00 | $0.65 |
6 cent | First Stars and Stripes 1777 | $1.90 | $0.65 |
6 cent | Bunker Hill Flag 1775 | $1.00 | $0.75 |
6 cent | Grand Union Flag 1776 | $1.25 | $0.75 |
6 cent | Philadelphia Light Horse Flag 1775 | $1.00 | $0.65 |
6 cent | First Navy Jack 1775 – Don’t Tread On Me | $1.00 | $0.65 |
1968 Commemoratives
Denom.![]() | Description | Mint | Used |
6 cent | Support our Youth- Elks | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Marquette Explorer | $0.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Daniel Boone | $0.40 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Arkansas River Navigation | $0.60 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Cherokee Strip | $0.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Waterfowl Conservation | $0.55 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Illinois Statehood | $0.45 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Hemisfair ’68 – San Antonio | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Law and Order | $0.40 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Register and Vote | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Walt Disney | $1.30 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Leif Erikson | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | John Trumbull – American Artist – Battle of Bunker Hill | $0.40 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Christmas- Gabriel | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Chief Joseph – National Portrait Gallery | $0.60 | $0.20 |
1969 Commemoratives
Denom. | Description | Mint | Used |
6 cent | Plant for more Beautiful Cities | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Plant for more Beautiful Parks | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Plant for more Beautiful Highways | $1.![]() | $0.20 |
6 cent | Plant for more Beautiful Streets | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | The American Legion – 50 Years – Veterans as Citizens | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Grandma Moses | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Apollo 8 – In the beginning God… | $0.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | California 1769-1969 | $0.40 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Daniel Webster the Dartmouth College Case 1819 | $0.40 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Hope for the Crippled | $0.35 | $0.20 |
6 cent | XIth Interational Botanical Congress – Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir) | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | XIth Interational Botanical Congress – Cypripedium reginae (Lady’s Slipper) | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | XIth Interational Botanical Congress – Fouquieria splendens (Ocotillo) | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | XIth Interational Botanical Congress – Franklinia alatamaha (Franklinia) | $1.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | W.C.Handy – Father of the Blues | $0.60 | $0.20 |
6 cent | John Wesley Powell – 1869 Expedition | $0.40 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Alabama 1819-1969 | $0.45 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Professional Baseball 1869-1969 | $0.75 | $0.25 |
6 cent | Football 1869-1969 | $0.50 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Dwight D.Eisenhower | $0.55 | $0.20 |
6 cent | Christmas- Winter Sunday | $0.![]() | $0.20 |
6 cent | William M. Harnett – American Painting | $0.35 | $0.20 |
These prices for U.S. stamps are provided as a service to Hobbizine readers. They are derived from numerous sources such as dealer price lists, advertisements in philatelic publications, and public auction results. Use these values as a guideline for evaluating the reasonableness of dealer prices, setting up trades with other collectors, and estimating the worth of your collection. The value of an individual stamp is dependent on its centering and condition. The prices listed here are for well centered, undamaged stamps. A particularly nice example might sell for more than the amount listed, while a poor copy might be worth less.
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Stamp Values Index
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This is what is actually inside the top of the flag pole
Over the past two decades, the strategic landscape has changed dramatically. While the fundamental nature of war has not changed, the pace of change and modern technology, coupled with shifts in the nature of geopolitical competition, have altered the character of war in the 21st century.
Advancements in space, information systems, cyberspace, electronic warfare, and missile technology have accelerated the speed and complexity of war. As a result, decision space has collapsed, and we can assume that any future conflict will involve all domains and cut across multiple geographic regions.
Today’s strategic landscape is also extraordinarily volatile, and the nation faces threats from an array of state and nonstate actors. Revisionist powers such as China and Russia seek to undermine the credibility of our alliances and limit our ability to project power. North Korea’s efforts to develop a nuclear-capable, intercontinental ballistic missile now threaten the homeland and our allies in the Pacific. Iran routinely destabilizes its neighbors and threatens freedom of navigation while modernizing its maritime, missile, space and cyber capabilities. Violent extremist organizations (VEOs), such as the so-called Islamic State (IS) and al Qaeda, remain a transregional threat to the homeland, our allies and our way of life. These realities are why some have called today’s operating environment the most challenging since World War II.
At the same time, the U.S. military’s long-held competitive advantage has eroded. Our decisive victory in Operation Desert Storm was a wake-up call for our enemies; they observed that our operational source of strength is the ability to project power where and when needed to advance U.S. interests and meet alliance commitments. This spurred dramatic tactical, operational and strategic adaptations and accelerated modernization programs to asymmetrically counter our ability to project power. All the while, budget instability and the challenges of a decades-long campaign against violent extremism adversely affected our own modernization and capability development efforts required to preserve – or in some cases restore – our competitive advantage.
A pair of U.S Air Force F-35 Lightning II aircraft with the 419th Fighter Squadron fly alongside a KC-10 Extender crewed by Reserve Citizen Airmen with the 78th Air Refueling Squadron, 514th Air Mobility Wing, as an F-15 Eagle with the 104th Fighter Squadron approaches during a joint training missio(Air Force photo by Master Sgt. Mark C. Olsen)
Additionally, the Joint Force lacks sufficient capacity to meet combatant command requirements. Over the past 16 years, we made a conscious choice to limit the size of the force to preserve scarce resources necessary for essential investments in immediate upgrades to critical capabilities. And requirements have not abated, as we assumed they would after major combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan ended. As a result, global demand for forces continues to exceed the inventory.
Finally, as a nation that thinks and acts globally, the United States cannot choose between a force that can address IS and other VEOs and one that can deter and defeat state actors with a full range of capabilities. We require a balanced force that can address the challenges outlined in the recently published National Defense Strategy and has the inherent flexibility to respond to the unexpected.
We must adapt to maintain a competitive advantage
Advances in technology and the changing character of war require that our plans address all-domain, transregional challenges and conflict. In the past, we assumed most crises could be contained to one region. That assumption, in turn, drove regionally focused planning and decision making processes. Today, this assumption no longer holds true. Our planning must adapt to provide a global perspective that views challenges holistically and enables execution of military campaigns with a flexibility and speed that outpaces our adversaries.
We must also be prepared to make decisions at the speed of relevance. While the cost of failure at the outset of conflict has always been high, in past conflicts there were opportunities to absorb costs and recover if something went wrong. Today, that cannot be assumed, and our strategic decision making processes must adapt to keep pace. Senior leaders require routine access to synthesized information and intelligence to ensure their ability to see the fight in real time and seize initiative.
We must manage the force in a manner that allows us to meet day-to-day requirements, while maintaining readiness and the flexibility to respond to major contingencies and the unexpected. To ensure that the Joint Force provides viable options and is in position to execute when called on, our force posture must be optimized to strategic priorities and provide strength, agility and resilience across regions and domains.
To arrest and, in time, reverse the erosion of our competitive advantage, our force development and design processes must deliver a Joint Force capable of competing and winning against any potential adversary. This future force must remain competitive in all domains, deny adversaries’ ability to counter our strengths asymmetrically, and retain the ability to project power at a time and place of our choosing.
Finally, we must further develop leaders capable of thriving at the speed of war – leaders who can adapt to change, drive innovation and thrive in uncertain, chaotic conditions. The nature of war has not changed, and, in a violent clash of wills, it is the human dimension that ultimately determines the success of any campaign.
The “how” of global integration
To address these imperatives, we are adapting our approach to planning, decision-making, force management and force design. These processes are interdependent and mutually reinforcing – intended to drive the changes required to maintain our competitive advantage. Over the past two years, we have made progress in each of these areas, but more work remains.
Gen. Joseph Dunford Jr. works aboard a C-130 aircraft at Bagram Airfield before a visit to Task Forceu2013Southwest at Camp Shorab, Helmand Province, March 22, 2018. (DoD photo by Dominique A. Pineiro)
The National Defense Strategy establishes clear priorities for the Department of Defense, and the National Military Strategy is nested within to provide a global framework for the Joint Force to operate across regions, domains and functions. We reoriented the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan to operationalize the strategy and developed global campaign plans to provide a framework for planning an all-domain, transregional approach to the challenges outlined in the National Defense Strategy. These plans are designed to bring coherence to operations of all functional and geographic combatant commands.
The Joint Force is also improving how it frames decisions for the Secretary of Defense in an all-domain, transregional fight. This begins by developing a common intelligence picture and a shared understanding of global force posture, which then serves as a baseline to test operational plans and concepts through realistic and demanding exercises and wargames. By testing our assumptions and concepts, exercises and wargames provide senior leaders with the “reps-and-sets” necessary to build the implicit communication required to facilitate rapid decision-making in times of crisis.
Our force management processes are evolving to support the objectives laid out in the National Defense Strategy. Setting the globe begins by allocating resources against strategic priorities – optimizing the way we posture capabilities globally to support our strategy, provide strategic flexibility and ensure our ability to respond rapidly to the unexpected. Once the globe is set, we are applying the concept of Dynamic Force Employment to provide proactive and scalable options for priority missions while maintaining readiness to respond to contingencies. In a global environment that demands strategic flexibility and freedom of action, these adaptations enable the Joint Force to seize the initiative rather than react when faced with multiple challenges.
To ensure our competitive advantage, we are implementing a process for force design that provides the secretary with integrated solutions to drive the development of a more lethal force. This process begins by assessing our ability to execute the strategy and compares our capabilities and capacities vis-à-vis our adversaries. Assessment findings shape the development of comprehensive materiel and nonmateriel recommendations that inform the secretary’s priorities for investment, concept development, experimentation and innovation. This approach is designed to provide integrated solutions, across the services, which ensure competitive advantage today and tomorrow.
Finally, we are reinvigorating strategic assessments to support all these efforts. Assessments provide the analytic rigor to inform our ability both to meet the current strategy and to develop a future force that maintains our competitive advantage. A cornerstone of this process is the Chairman’s Risk Assessment, which evaluates our current ability to execute the National Military Strategy and provides a global perspective of risk across the Joint Force. And, in 2016, we published the Joint Military Net Assessment for the first time in 20 years – benchmarking the Joint Force against near-peer adversaries today and comparing our trajectory over the next five years. These assessments are essential to provide an analytic baseline for everything we do, from planning to force management and from exercise development to force design.
There is no preordained right to victory on the battlefield, and today the United States faces an extraordinarily complex and dynamic security environment. To keep pace with the changing character of war, we must globally integrate the way we plan, employ the force, and design the force of the future. If we fail to adapt, the Joint Force will lose the ability to compete.
This article originally appeared on the United States Department of Defense. Follow @DeptofDefense on Twitter.
Penny board Original, United States of America Flag 50cm*15cm
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Frothy trading in bankrupt companies, penny stocks signal a pullback
Car sit idle at the Hertz Rent-A-Car rental lot at San Francisco International Airport on April 30, 2020 in San Francisco, California.
Justin Sullivan | Getty Images
Bubbly price moves in the stocks of bankrupt companies, a jump in the number of bullish investors and surging activity by small investors in stock options are all signs that the stock market may have run too far, too quickly.
There’s even been a big rally in stocks trading under $1 per share, which racked up an average gain of nearly 80% in the past week.
With the S&P 500 more than 45% off its low, analysts have been seeing signs the market is overbought and could be ready for a rest. But the market’s strong gains are also a magnetic lure for some retail investors, who feel like they haven’t been invested enough, and for others who are finally beginning to trust the market’s comeback.
“Now you have frothy retail behavior on top of stretched sentiment on the part of professional investors, and it’s definitely a warning sign,” said Peter Boockvar, chief investment strategist at Bleakley Advisory Group. “Does it really matter today, or does it matter two weeks from now? But from strictly a contrarian standpoint, it’s got to be a red flag. It’s not making a long-term statement. It’s not telling you it’s the end of the bull market. It just tells you right now, at this moment in time, there’s a lot of speculative behavior that should be heeded in the short term.”
Stocks skidded sharply in early trading Thursday as some of that froth began to unwind. Hertz was down 13% on Thursday morning following a 39% drop on Wednesday.
Boockvar said Investor’s Intelligence data now shows a reading for bulls at 56.9%, from 53.5% last week, the highest since January and even more than the 54.7% when the S&P hit its all-time high in February. Bears have fallen to 22.5% from 22.8% last week, and 41.7% in March. The spread between bulls and bears at 36.3 is now the widest since mid January.
Options trading, bankrupt companies
According to Sentiment Trader, small-lot options traders are in a “frenzy,” and their activity also dwarfs the amount of trading at the market highs in February. Sentiment Trader points out that the smallest traders, with volume of 10 contracts or less, bought to open 7.5 million call options on stocks at the market peak in February. This week, they bought 12.1 million of similar contracts.
Add to that some pretty wild trading in the stocks of bankrupt companies like Hertz and Whiting Petroleum. Hertz stock hit a bottom of 40 cents on May 26, four days after its bankruptcy filing, but its stock hit a high of $6.25 since then. On Wednesday, it fell sharply to $2.52 per share, a decline of 40%. Whiting was also hit hard Wednesday, along with bankrupt retailer, J.C. Penney.
“There’s always speculation, the hot sectors, the hot areas of the market,” said Jeff Rubin, head of research at Birinyi Associates. “In every bull market, there have been periods of speculation that in hindsight look foolish.” But Rubin said the frothy action does not necessarily carry a warning.
“Two years ago, anything related to cryptocurrencies were super hot, and after that it was anything related to the pot stocks that were super hot,” said Rubin. He also mentioned Pets.com, the poster child for bubbly internet stocks in the late 1990s that no longer exists.
Citadel Securities Institutional Equity Derivatives team, in a note obtained by CNBC, studied the 29 stocks in the small-cap benchmark Russell 2000 with a share price less than $1. In five trading days through Monday, the group was up an average of 79%. Denbury Resources, Noble Corp., and Palatin Technologies are some of the stocks that were trading below $1 per share in the Russell 2000.
“This all amounts to what seems like a retail short-squeeze feeding frenzy that has reached blow-off top proportions,” the Citadel Securities Institutional Equity Derivatives team said in the note.
‘Not easy to play’
Retail investors would have found some cheap prices amid the rubble of the March sell-off. The airline sector, up 45% in the past month, had been depressed with American Airlines and others trading in the single digits. Those investors would have seen their money more than double.
Some strategists said it appears individual investors are getting sucked into the “bankruptcy trade.” Others said that high-frequency traders, combing the market for opportunities, may also have set their sights on those stocks to capture their dramatic moves on a percentage basis. Stocks in bankruptcies can end up worthless.
“There’s really two types of people who invest in those sorts of things. People who are outright speculative, and those who are specialists who have done the math and understand the risk for the stocks and bonds,” said Ed Keon, chief investment strategist at QMA. “You also mostly see those type of investors on the bond side of things, rather than the stock side. There are those that do it properly. It’s a specialist game and it’s not easy to play.”
Keon said the fact that more people are at home due to coronavirus shutdowns may mean they have time to look around at the market, more than they normally would have at the office. “They may have a bit more time on their hands to look at their portfolio. Some people may be speculating in different corners of the market. That’s usually not a good sign,” he said.
“Remember back in the day in 1999, you go to a cocktail party, and it seemed like everyone was buying tech stocks on margin, which was fantastic for awhile,” said Keon. “There are always some fools taking a flier on a risky investment but it seems to be more intense if you have the market move up. “
Keon has become more cautious on the market, which he sees overvalued by some metrics. Investors venturing into the riskier areas may have made some good returns on the rebound in airlines and other reopening plays. “They made some money and that encouraged people to do it. It’s a good idea until it isn’t,” Keon said.
One measure of value, the S&P 500 price-to-earnings ratio on forward earnings is above 22 times. The long-term average is below 20.
“We’re not super bearish. There’s a lot of momentum. We’re making progress on the disease. We’re making progress on the economy,” Keon said. “We look at different measures of valuation.”
Katie Stockton, founder and managing partner at Fairlead Strategies, said for the investors who are playing bankruptcy stocks, neither Hertz nor Whiting Petroleum are showing any evidence of being able to sustain their gains. Stockton, a technical analyst, said she does not see a confirmation in the charts.
“For me breakouts always need to be confirmed, not just in price but in time,” she said. “What we’ve seen is these very quick snap-back rallies for these bankruptcy companies. There’s not enough to suggest they’re lasting.”
She said Hertz did move above its 50-day moving average but did not hold it. “It doesn’t confirm a market breakout or medium-term momentum.”
Postcard published date | Center of Southwest Studies
Source:
Much of the contents of these guidelines were excerpted with permission from the
Beginners Guide to the Hobby of
Postcard Collecting, The Capital of Texas Postcard Club. Thanks also
to Chuck Harbert; and to Nina
Webber, whose donated postcards are used for the examples on this page.
Compiled by Todd Ellison, Certified Archivist (last revised 8/7/2006)
By the style of the era:
(Sources:
A
Short History of the Post Card in the United States,
compiled by Mr. John H. McClintock. Also,
“Picture
postcards and the picture researchers: a personal case study,” by Lewis
Foreman, in The Audiovisual Librarian, Vol. 12, Nov. 1986, p. 198-199.
Also,
The Picture Postcard and Its Origins, by Frank Staff (N.Y.: Praeger, 1966).
Pioneer Era (1893-1898)
Although the world’s first picture postcards date from the
1860s to the mid-1870s, most of the earliest American picture postcards extant today are those that were
sold at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, starting on May 1, 1893. These were illustrations on government-printed postal cards and
on privately
printed souvenir cards. The government postal cards included a printed 1-cent stamp;
the privately printed souvenir cards required a 2-cent adhesive postage stamp to be
attached. Messages were not permitted on
the address side of the cards; after attempting various forms of explaining that
regulation, the U.S. Post Office adopted the printed message that This side
is for the address only (Staff, p. 62). Other
backs from this pioneer era of the American post card are known today as Souvenir Card and Mail Card.
This period ended by July 1, 1898.
Private
Mailing Card Era (1898-1901)
An Act of U.S. Congress on May 19, 1898 granted private printers
permission to print and sell cards that bore the inscription
Private Mailing Card. Today these cards are referred to as PMCs.
The required postage was a 1-cent adhesive stamp. At this time, a dozen or more American printers began to take postcards seriously. Still,
no message was permitted on the address side. The term Post Card was not widely used until the early
1900s (it was later contracted to “postcard” as a word-counting
cost-saving measure).
Post
Card Era – Undivided Back (1901-1907)
New U. S. postal regulations on December 24, 1901 stipulated
that the words Post Card should be printed at the top of the address side
of privately printed cards. Government-issued cards were to be designated
as Postal Cards (Staff, p. 62). Writing
was still not permitted on the address side. In this era, private citizens began to take black
and white photographs
and have them printed on paper with post card backs.
If no message was
permitted on the address side, the card probably pre-dated March of 1907.
Real Photo Postcards (1900-ongoing)
Postcards that are actual photographic
replications were first produced around 1900. They may or may not have a
white border, or a divided back, or other features of postcards, depending on
the paper the photographer used. Many of the real photo postcards being
done at the current time are reproductions of earlier historic photos. The
easiest way to distinguish a real photo postcard is to look at it under a
magnifying glass; it will show smooth transitions from one tone to another.
Click here for links for dating real
photos.
Early
Divided
Back Era (1907-1914)
Postcards with a divided back were permitted in the U.S. beginning on March 1, 1907.
(Britain had already pioneered this in 1902.) The address was to be written on the right side; the left side was for
writing messages. Many millions of
cards were published in this era — it was the golden age of postcards. Up
to this point, most postcards were printed in Germany, which was far ahead of
the United States in the use of lithographic processes. With
the advent of World War I, the supply of postcards for American consumption
switched from Germany to England and
the United States itself.
White
Border Era (1915-1930)
Most United States postcards were printed during this
period. To save ink, publishers left a clear border around the view, thus these postcards are referred to as White Border cards.
The relatively high cost of labor, along with inexperience and changes in public taste,
resulted in the production of
poor quality cards during this period. Furthermore, strong
competition in a narrowing market caused many publishers to go out of business.
Linen Era (1930-1945)
New printing processes allowed printing on post cards with
high rag content that caused a linen-like finish. These cheap cards allowed the use of gaudy dyes for coloring.
The firm of Curt Teich flourished because of its line of linen postcards. Many important events
and scenes in history are documented only by these cards.
Photochrome Era (1939-ongoing)
Chrome postcards began to dominate the scene soon after the Union Oil
Company placed them in its western service stations in 1939. Mike Roberts pioneered his WESCO cards soon after World War
II. Three-dimensional postcards
also appeared in this era. By 1960s, the standard size
of cards had grown to 4 x 6 inches.
Photochromes are not real
photos but rather, printed cards done by a photochrome process. To
distinguish a printed postcard from a real photo postcard, examine it under a
magnifying glass and you will see the dot pattern that is characteristic of
printed cards.
“The best printed cards were produced done by the photogravure process. They are
difficult to discern from real photos but usually don’t have the glossy finish
of photographs. The Laura Gilpin cards of Mesa Verde and Silverton are excellent
examples of the photogravure process.” (Source: Chuck Harbert,
email to the author, 8/7/06)
One easy way to approximate when a
postcard was mailed if the cancellation date is unreadable is to know the
changes in rates for mailing postcards. The following table comes from Historical statistics of the United States: colonial times to 1970,
and Statistical abstract.
1872
1 cent
1917
2 cents
1919
1 cent *
1952
2 cents
1958 (August 1)
3 cents
1963 (January 7)
4 cents
1968 (January 7)
5 cents
1971 (May 16)
6 cents
1974 (March 2)
8 cents
1975 (September 14)
7 cents **
1975 (December 31
9 cents
1978 (May 29)
10 cents
1981 (March 22)
12 cents
1985 (February 17)
14 cents
1988 (April 3)
15 cents
1991 (February 3)
19 cents
1995 (January 1)
20 cents
*The postcard rate was increased from
1 cent to 2 cents as a wartime measure. When
World War I ended at the end of 1918, the rate was lowered to its pre-War level
of one cent. Allmer states (p. 17) that postage was
raised briefly from 1 cent to 2 cents in 1917-1919 and in 1925-1928; the
conclusive raise to 2 cents was in 1951.
**The U.S. Commission
(Rate Board) over-estimated revenue needs in 1974 and was forced to reduce
postage rate in 1975.
By the publisher’s numbering scheme:
(Source: excerpted in
Beginners
Guide to the Hobby of
Postcard Collecting
, The Capital of Texas Postcard Club,
from
Glorias Corner
PC Newsletter; Glorias Corner, PO Box 507, Denison, TX 75021-0507,
Phone/FAX (903)463-4878, Email gmj@texoma.net )
Two major postcard publishers, Curt Teich and Detroit
Publishing Company, used numbering schemes that can be helpful in dating a card.
…
Curt Teich,
Lake County Museum, 27277 Forest Preserve Dr., Wauconda, IL
60084.
In the
beginning, Teich apparently made no attempt to define when a card was printed. Research has revealed some consistencies however, such as
these:
Card number Year printed
28,000
1910
55,000
1915
80,000
1920
103,000
1925
124,181
December, 1928
In 1929, Curt Teich abandoned the consecutive numbering
system for an alpha/numeric production code.
The company used code numbers and letters to indicate the date the card
was published. The codes appear
either on the scenic side or in the postage box.
The number and letter before the dash in the code stand for the date.
The number indicates the last figure in the date and the letter indicates
the decade. The letters and figures
after the dash pertain to the printing process used and the number of issues
that year.
Code
Years
1-29 1929
A
1930-1939
B
1940-1949
C
1950-1959
D
1960-1969
E
1970-1974
Code number 3A-h207 is therefore translated to be printed
in the year 1933. The A
refers to the decade, the “3” refers to the third year of that decade, the “107”
refers to that card being the 107th card printed that year.
The “H” refers to the printing method called Art Colortone.
For more information, visit the Curt
Teich Postcard Archives web site. The Archives is part of the part of
the Lake County Discovery Museum, in Wauconda, Illinois.
The Detroit
Publishing Company began
numbering its cards with Number 1. #s
1 through 1000 were published between 1899 and 1901.
Some of these same cards were later reproduced in the 5000 series.
Detroit postcards are easy to manage by the number, regardless of
subject.
Inherent content of the picture
may be helpful in dating (assuming that the postcard used a recent view).
The Official Identification and Price Guide to Postcards by Diane
Allmer (New York: House of Collectibles, 1990, ISBN 0-876-37802-5, page 16),
suggests looking at the following:
1.
What style of clothes are the people wearing?
[A useful book in this regard is Joan Severas Dressed for the
photographer : ordinary Americans and fashion, 1840-1900 (Kent,
Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1995), GT610
.S42 1995 in the Delaney Southwest Research Library Reference bookcase at
the Center of Southwest Studies].
2.
Look at the modes of transportation.
Horse-drawn vehicles? What
model of vehicles?
3.
What clues can be drawn from the style of interior decorations,
appliances, and furnishings?
4.
Have the buildings been modified since the time of this view?
(Dated photos in the Centers General Photograph Collection may be
useful for comparing with the postcard view.)
5.
Look for other time-related details.
For example, how many stars are in the U.S. flag?
Do the buildings have window air conditioners?
Is a wall calendar in the picture? If
we know a day of the week, the perpetual calendar at http://swcenter.fortlewis.edu/tools/PERPLCAL.HTM
may be useful for figuring out the year. A
history timeline such as at http://mediahistory.umn.edu/time/timeline.html
may be useful, too.
As Allmer notes (p. 17-18), postcard size
can also be a clue.
If the card is old and is larger than 3.5 by 5.5 inches, it may
date from before 1898.
If the card is old and is slightly smaller than 3.5 by 5.5 inches,
it may date from 1898-1902.
If the card measures 3.5 by 5.5 inches, it was probably made
between 1902 and 1970.
If the card measures approximately 4 by 6 inches
(continental size) and is American, it was probably made no earlier than
the 1960s.
Allmer also suggests (p. 18)
looking at the printing process:
If the card was produced using high-quality chromolithography with
six or more inks, it was probably made before 1917.
If the card has a flat-textured surface and is printed with
a limited range of low-contrast inks, it was probably made before 1930.
If it has a linen-textured surface and is printed with sharply
contrasting bright inks, it is likely from the period 1930-1960.
If the card has a shiny surface and is printed in color
using a halftone process (little dots of magenta, cyan, yellow and
black), it was probably made no earlier than 1939.
Allmer notes (page 19) that “postcards created
directly from photographic negatives and printed onto photographic paper are
difficult to date when they have not been postally used.” She refers
the user to Prairie Fires and Paper Moons by Hal Morgan and Andreas Brown
(Boston: David R. Godine, 1981) and “Dating Post-1920 Real Photo
Postcards,” by Ernest G. Covington, in Postcard Collector, July
1986, pages 26-28.
Phone/postal numbers (Allmer, page
19):
Does it include postal mailing codes?
The U.S. introduced the use of two-digit zone numbers on May 1, 1943; use
of five-digit Zip codes began in July of 1963.
Does it list a phone number with area code?
The first unassisted coast-to-coast direct dialing with a three-digit
area code began on November 10, 1951.
Other clues on the back of a
postcard:
Real photo postcard stamp
boxes:
http://www.playle.com/realphoto/photoall.htm
Real photo postcard stamp
backs:
http://www.playle.com/realphoto/back.htm
Guides
to the collections at the Center of Southwest Studies
Information for doing research at the Center
of Southwest Studies
Center of Southwest Studies
Page revised:
August 07, 2006
90,000
Toler, Penny – Wiki
Wikipedia has articles about other people with the last name Toler.
Position Point Guard Height 173 cm Weight 60 kg Citizenship USA Date of birth March 24, 1966 (1966-03-24) (age 55) Place of birth Washington DC College San Diego State (1984-1985)Long Beach State (1986-1989) Draft VNBA 8th Three Months Prior to Major Draft
, 1997, assigned to
Los Angeles Sparks Club
Teams | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia “Penny” Toler (born March 24, 1966 in Washington, DC) is an American professional basketball player who played for the Women’s National Basketball Association.Three months before the 1997 WNBA main draft, she was assigned to the Los Angeles Sparks team. Played as a point guard. At the end of her sports career, she was appointed general manager of Sparks, where she still works. In 2014, after her dismissal, Carol Ross worked as interim head coach of Los Angeles. Early yearsPenny Toler was born on March 24, 1966 in Washington DC, the capital of the United States, and has three brothers and four sisters. Student careerProfessional careerFurther careerNotesReferences
Mikhailov S.A. Journalism in the USA. CHAPTER I (3)CHAPTER I . HISTORY AMERICAN
3. “Commercial In Europe, especially in England, by the beginning of the 19th century, attempts were already made to produce cheap It was at this time, the time of the dominant position of the party-political § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 More than half of all US newspapers were published in New York, The then typical daily newspaper had four pages. Political and commercial press publications had several “Commercial revolution” does not apply to all newspapers Historians of American journalism most often Walter Lippmann wrote in 1931 that the following existed Other researchers (Arthur Cole and Joseph McKems, for example) How has the “environment” changed? Why was it needed In the first half of the 19th century, the population of the present United States of America The concentration of the population in large cities has made it possible § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 § 90,128 Indeed, the emergence of daily and mainstream newspapers The Penny Press has contributed to education itself More professionally trained than journalists Exciting ideas of political struggle continued to excite The general requirement for newspapers, regardless of whether The requirement to restore order in the cities was The young American Despite a clear dominance in American newspapers Played an important role in the development of the “penny press” Of course, the decline in the value of the paper also played a very The very idea of a principally new type of press – a “penny” newspaper, a “penny press” – originated among New York typographers.And although However, all these early attempts to create cheap Among others, Benjamin’s attempt at The cheapest, not only in New York, but in the whole Benjamin Day One of the first in America The real competition for the New York Sun was at that time Native of Scotland, Bennett began publishing The New York Herald James Gordon Bennett Bennett himself attributed this success to “complete novelty”, The New York Herald published various information: international, Bennett was one of the first in America to create During the 1846-1848 war between the United States and Mexico, which resulted in the United States In the New York Herald, Bennett introduced a finance heading, However, Bennett’s major reform efforts to radically As a matter of fact, it was with Bennett in America that the A large and varied professional journalism The New York Herald has many competitors As you can see, the “newspaper” or “commercial revolution” is not It should be emphasized that the “revolution” did not affect all In America, where great principles were proclaimed, seal In its current state, the seal may be The main vices of contemporary American press Since in the years 1830-1840 The opposite “New York Herald” idea has found its embodiment Greeley’s original war against Bennett was fought before. Greeley newspaper (and from September 1841 he began publishing The New York Tribune’s Most Important Contribution to Journalism History A supporter of Jefferson’s ideas, G. Greeley wrote: Horace Grills Has great political influence in the United States (especially Unlike the New York Herald and others like it In the fall of 1848, Dana met Karl in Cologne This is a collaboration that actually began in August Thus, the New York Tribune was the only one in Speaking of Significant Contributions to the History of American Journalism An important episode in the American newspaper press The era of the “commercial revolution” in the US newspaper press The “commercial revolution” itself took place under conditions Development of In the context of deep political democratization In 1840, 1,631 newspapers were published in the country, of The development of the mass press is extremely Deep, fundamental changes affecting themselves A sharp drop in the price of a newspaper in itself is not In search of all the new profits needed to This radical turn towards the formation, development of a new Types of American Daily Press Editions Fundamentally changed with the advent of the penny press Due to the fact that in an American newspaper for the first time Important and significant At first, the raison d’être of its existence was to collect and Prior to this, the situation was as follows. Once the ship By May 1848 in the offices of six leading newspapers The need for agreement between them became all the more imperious, The executives of the six New York newspapers decided These six newspapers alone, as founding members Over time, in every American city at least The “Commercial Revolution” in the newspaper press did not The same Benjamin Day ignored the political news, Here are some examples of such humor. They were brought to court Another case was of a slightly different nature. William Even a different, seemingly dramatic and, in general, We have already noted that Day’s newspaper could easily have introduced “By the mid-1830s, American capitalism, paving the way for the press, First page – ads. One of the pages regularly posted anecdotes from August 25, 1835 New York Sun opened Through a telescope, the newspaper staff examined the moon and Human Bats on the Moon in Richard’s Hoax Reader handling in a similar spirit was pushed and The fate of Barnum is remarkable in this respect, Barnum, 24, started his career as a salesman Advertising was based on sheer deception: “You see However, it would be incorrect to represent the process It was during these years that American journalism actively Amelia Bloomer
Victoria Woodhull New Change Exactly to the contents of Chapter I << >> to the next page “Imagine” John Lennon proposed to be the anthem of the United States – ROCK FMJohn Lennon’s “Imagine” has been suggested as the US anthem.This idea was put forward by political activist and journalist Kevin Powell, author of When We Free The World. It was supported by the historian Daniel Walker. Reported by the New York Post. Both noticed the figure of Francis Scott Key, the author of the words for the current official United States anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner. Poet and lawyer, he wrote a poem that became a future anthem back in September 1814. At the same time, Key himself was a slave owner, and as a lawyer, he sent many abolitionists to jail, that is, those who helped black slaves escape and return to Africa.It is also known that when in 1931 the poems set to music became the national anthem they had to cut out the third verse, which dealt with “mercenaries and slaves”. According to Powell, it is high time to abandon such a legacy in the new reality of Black Lives Matter, and why not make a new anthem, for example, “Imagine” by John Lennon.
Kansas-based football team Tulsa Athletic has already supported Powell’s initiative. But instead of the official national anthem, she began to use not “Imagine”, but “This Land is Your Land” by the classic of American folk Woody Guthrie. Race issues have made headlines in the world’s music media in recent weeks. Penny Lane, the famous Liverpool street that inspired The Beatles, was proposed to be renamed if its name was confirmed to be associated with the 18th century slave owner James Penny. British ska legends The Specials have been mistakenly blocked by the group’s account and hundreds of Facebook fan profiles on suspicion of racism. Coin 1 penny, UKdumped from wa-cache / 703a2a / apps / shop / templates / compiled / shop_ru_RU / f8 / da / 3a / f8da3a52e9ffb550ad0c7c44035e2f58d0152618.file.products.list.html :.php18.file.products.list.html :.php [ 'id' => '30904', 'id_1c' => NULL, 'name' => 'Token 1 penny.1811, Great Britain. BB & amp; Copper Co. (Bristol Brass & amp; Copper Company) ', 'summary' => '', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'description' => ' Earn levels in Dangerous Shallow Season of Bravery, clear dungeons, and complete the Deadly Movie and Set Sails! Quest lines.Hello commanders! We welcome you all to the base again! Today, we’re taking a look at Fortnite’s Rewarding the Storm this week and next. Spoiler alert … TIME TO GO TO THE ZONE OF CHARITY! Home Base … report the situation! In game on April 4, 03:00 UTC.Grab your gear, commanders. Dangerous Shallow Season of Courage BeginsGet ready for a new season of courage, commanders. Dangerous Shoal, the next season of Save the World, kicks off at on April 4 at 03:00 UTC and will end at on June 20 at 03:00 UTC . – WARNING – In Dangerous Shallow Season of Courage, the Husks are super cool. The Minks, now known as the Super Monsters, have acquired dangerous modifiers in the Dangerous Shallow bravery zone missions.Here’s what’s happening on the battlefields now: Melee Super Monsters – Predators and Husks that prefer melee move and attack faster, and their attacks slow down commanders by 30% for 5 seconds. After destroying the Melee Super Glint, you will briefly stun weaker enemies in a small area. Several of these stuns in a row can also knock out tougher Husks. Ranged Super Monsters – Throwers, Pitchers, and Throwers throw more projectiles, while Electric Slam and Blasters fire twice as fast.They spend so much energy on shooting and throwing that their health is reduced by 30%. Super Resilient Husks – Strongers and Thugs have increased resistance to damage from traps and ranged weapons, and their attacks do more damage to buildings. They are, of course, super, but clumsy, so their movement speed is reduced by 20%. Now it’s our turn, commanders. Grab your gear, because it’s time to fight and collect loot. From the killed Husks, especially the thugs, from time to time, chests drop out, filled with valuable goods.The larger the monsters, the more generous the rewards. The more Husks we destroy, the more loot chests we get. But the zones of bravery are not the only news this week, because … Explore Deep Dungeons Oh yes! Fight monsters, avoid traps, stock up on equipment and descend into the depths where an ancient evil awaits. They say there are even weapons and heroes that you can draw to your aid. Magic keys, deep dark labyrinth, gold coins… it’s time to go in search of adventure! Play dungeons to unlock heroes, loading screens, and more! The Swamp Knight has come to us “Have you noticed that there are fewer vampires? You don’t have to thank. ” Swamp Knight
Obtainable for completing dungeon quests before June 19, . The sea monster Ken is getting out on dry land! “Boole!” Sea Monster Ken
Obtainable for completing dungeon quests before June 19, . New missions in the Killer Movie lineup!Ray is missing. Explore a fallen comet and gather a team of superheroes. Find Ray and bring her home! Complete the Deadly Movie questline and unlock the mythical soldier Carbide and the mythical ninja Stealthy Shuriken. Carbide, arrived to the call! “I will be on call at any minute.” Carbide
Available in the Deadly Movie Questline until June 19, . The Invisible Shuriken Returns from the Shadows! “Shrouded in mystery.”Stealthy Shuriken
Available in the Deadly Movie Questline until June 19, . Get Robbery in the Set Sails Questline A black flag appears on the horizon! A pirate ship is approaching the base! Get ready for dashing pirate adventures in the sea! And don’t forget to grab some pirate llamas to add to your collection. Thunderstorm of the Seas Black Corsair Pirate Constructor Dread Pirate Captain of Rough Seas
Available in the Set Sails! Quest Line until June 19 , sea wolves! Miss Rabbit Penny Rides Again “I’ve wanted to try on this outfit for so long.”Miss Rabbit Penny
This item will be available in the Event Store from 03:00 AM April 4 to 03:00 AM June 20 UTC. In game on April 11, 03:00 UTC. Dangerous Rabbit and Eagle Eye Hare await you in the event store.Dangerous Rabbit Jonesy uncovers his weapon “These eggs don’t have a surprise inside, do they?” Dangerous Rabbit Jonesy
This item will be available in the Event Store from 03:00 AM April 11, to 03:00 AM ET, June 20, . Eagle Eye Hare returned to service “Jump-jump – you won’t get away from me!” Hare Eagle Eye
This item will be available in the Event Store from 03:00 AM April 11, to 03:00 AM ET, June 20, . Roboticist Mina will be unavailable soon “Half robot. Half girl. Completely and completely ready for battle. “ Don’t forget to get the Roboticist Mina set. Roboticist Mina will be discontinued April 17, 2021 ! Set “Robotic Mina” includes new hero and equipment , blueprint “Shock Trap” (works on the principle of “Wall generator”), decoration on the back “Reservoir” , tests of Robotics Mines and access to Save the World . Completing these exclusive Save the World Challenges will earn you 1,000 V-Bucks and 1,000 X-ray Tickets. Note: The cosmetic items in this set will be available in Battle Royale, Save the World, and Creative. These new packs will not affect existing daily login rewards and V-Bucks, which are only available to Early Access founders. This outfit may appear in the item store in the future. See you on the battlefield, commander! D.i.R.T .: Origin of the SpeciesD.i.R.T .: Origin of the Species (rus.D.i.R.T.: Origin of Species) is a computer game with action elements created by Nu Generation Games in 2006. Combines a mixture of science fiction and action. PlotThe action takes place in the near future. The world is engulfed in mutants because of which many people died. The main character, the girl Dirt, wakes up in prison and finds a killed guard and an unknown mutant there. She picks up a gun and kills him. She also finds a girl who, as it turned out, also woke up here.She asks Deert what she remembers from what happened to her, but Deert tells her that she only remembers being with friends at the lake and celebrating something. The girl asks Deert to take her out of here. The girls turned out to be in New York. The girl tells Deert that someone called the editorial office and told about the release of chemicals in a reservoir in one of the small towns, she and her colleagues were sent there because they were closest, so she had to shake over bumps in their old car.She and her colleagues were just approaching the city when some armed people blocked the road and ordered to turn around and get out of there, but how could she not grab onto such a thing, because before that, she had had nothing but an old routine and boring for 8 months reports. In general, she decided to take a chance and left the road to get into the city from the other side. She thinks that these people quietly grabbed her. Then she does not remember anything, after all this she woke up in prison and felt terrible.The girl thinks they’ve been drugged. Deert is asked that this is all due to the release of chemicals, which she may be responsible for, but she thinks that everything is much more complicated. She says that she herself saw the monster that attacked the guard. She adds that it smells like “another military experiment.” Then she asks her name. Dirt tells her his name. The girl tells her that this is a strange name. She then says that her name is Penny Whistler and she is a journalist. Only she asks Dirt not to laugh, because her daddy must have been drunk when he gave her the name.Penny suggests Deert get out of here and adds that he needs to find out what is going on in the city. Dirt says that she should find her friends, but Penny tells her that she hasn’t seen anyone else here. Penny thinks they escaped and left her to fend for herself. Of course, she doesn’t mind if Deert looks for his friends, and at this time Penny tries to call from her mobile and figure out how to get out of here. Deert will have to look for a way out alone. At this time, she meets strange monsters.Dirt then meets a guard who opens the doors for her. After that, she saves the man. Dirt asks him if he saw her friends here, to which he replies that he did not see anyone. Deert moves on and meets the police. Soon they are attacked by two huge monsters, which Dirt hardly kills. Then she enters the building and finds a wounded guard, who says that some people started shooting at him. It soon becomes clear that these are the military who are trying to rid the city of mutants.Dirt overhears conversations and hears one mentioning the girl the general was talking about. Another says that they are unlikely to see it, because it has become a formula for cockroaches. Deert kills all the military and ends up in the rest room. An unknown voice asks if she is the same Dirt, to which Dirt says yes. An unknown voice tells her that she is worried about how to get out of here because the military is preparing to strike at this place. Dirt asks him why she should believe him, to which he replies that it is important for him that nothing happens to her.For Dirt to believe the Unknown Voice, he opens the door in which the machine gun is located. Dirt says she believes him. He tells her that you can get out through the basement. Dirt penetrates there while destroying the military. Deert easily opens the door to the basement. Then she enters the hall and sees that her way is blocked by lasers. To disable the lasers, Dirt uses the Bullet Control ability while finding a computer and successfully disables the lasers. Then Deert will call into a room with three windows.An unknown voice tells her that one of them is fake. Deert leaves the building. Outside snipers. To open the gate, Deert must destroy three computers. Two of them are on the roof and one at the gate. Then Dirt destroy the monsters, leaves through the door and enters the club. There are many mutants in the club, so Deert has to save the dancers and strippers. When Deert enters the club, he sees the dead director and a note on how to get out of the club by an emergency exit.Then she finds a dead engineer, but two girls are alive. One of them, a scientist, helps her open the emergency exit door. Then Deert gets to the station. where she is helped by surviving people who are shocked by what is happening. Deert takes one of them to help her open the door while destroying the military. Then, at the station, she finds her friend Leaf, who is completely out of his mind and reminds Dirt that she was a good person. Deert then arrives at the station where she finds the Excavator.Deert kills him and leaves the station on a New York street. Deert kills all the mutants and the military and then arrives on the street where a large mutant attacks the police, but she easily kills him, but when Deert killed the military, Stinger attacked the cops, killing almost all the cops. Dirt finds Stinger and kills him. The wall collapses and Dirt sees Leaf. A quarrel arises between them. At this time, Penny approaches and tells Deert that last night the detainees were taken to the Rock Bridge Church, 25 kilometers away.Dirt invites Leaf to go there, but he refuses and Dirt will have to go alone. An unknown voice tells her that everyone has been dead for a long time, and so are her friends. Deert then finds the church in which the priest Arclight is locked. The military mentions death moans there. Deert manages to open the lock on the church door. She enters the church and finds Arclight there. It turns out he is a human robot. Many years ago he was badly wounded in the war, but iron was made from his body. Dirt destroys Arclight by aiming for the head.She leaves the church and finds a mad scientist who begs Deert to help him get to his laboratory. Dirt manages to do it. He then tells Deert about a project called “K. OL.LOSY”. He mentioned “Area 51” which the military denies it exists, but he knows the truth. He says that a Russian intelligence officer who lives in a shelter will help to get to the zone. Dirt tries to infiltrate the zone, but alas – she is wounded by a sniper. Dirt she wakes up in a Russian hideout. He introduces himself as Vladislav Krasnov.He is a Russian intelligence officer. He has been watching the zone for 7 years, but has not seen anyone get there. He helps Deert infiltrate Area 51. He then tells her that to get into the zone she needs to turn off 4 generators. Two of them are in hangars 11 and 18, but he warns her to be careful at hangar 18 because it has become dangerous there lately. Deert turns off the generator 11 of the building. Deert then finds robot 3-208 in building 18. Deert destroys him and shuts down the generator. Deert then enters the main building and turns off two more generators. Then he enters the inner building. She finds a scientist and he says that lasers have blocked almost all the roads and he gives her a generator with which she turns off some lasers. To get into the room, Dirt will have to show her gymnastics skills and jump over the lasers that block her path. Deert manages to do this and she enters the room. Deert then finds the Mad Scientist who says Deert is Gorgeous, but Deert says she doesn’t like scientists like him and asks him to tell her where her friends are.Instead, the scientist tells her about the T-76. Then he introduces her, so to speak, with her “relative.” Dirt kills him and returns to the room, then finds a room with a light globe and sun. When Dirt leaves the room, she sees that all the lasers are off, and she enters the room with the beam. Deert has entered a strange room where she finds Joshua’s hologram. To defeat him, Dirt has to disable the generators. Dirt does this with ease. Deert then goes to the room where he hears the conversation between General Monroe and General Campbell.From the conversation, Dirt learns that Monroe wants to destroy all the witnesses and their traces, but Campbell tells him that they are innocent people there is nothing to kill them for. But Monroe insists that they spent the $ 20 billion K. OL.LOSY project. Then the scientist Brian appears and tells Monroe and Campbell that things are getting worse by the minute and that everything is getting out of control. The specialists have just returned with samples that were obtained from the West of the lake. The creatures they examined were able to overcome the B-8.He also says that they collect some kind of food for important information or their life. The mutants are building what looks like a hive. The scientist says that they multiply and they grow up in an hour. After that, General Campbell says that he will call headquarters to prepare the B-2 then they will erase the project “K. OL.LOSY”, but General Monroe is against this and he kills Campbell and injures Brian. Deert then walks over to the injured Brian. It turned out that Dirt had a T-76 in his body. When Deert was little she got sick and could die.Brian had to do something and as a result he injected her into the body of the T-76. It turns out that Brian is Deert’s father, who abandoned her family when Deert was a child. He said that the queen is in the space room. Deert must find someone who can lead her there. Deert travels to West Lake and finds a car, but it is broken. To restore the car, Dirt will have to look for spare parts. When Deert finds the last piece for the car, she meets Leaf and they fight again. Deert tells him that she needs to go to the space center.Deert and Leaf go there. Deert finds the military who help her walk through the wreckage of the plane. She then finds the sniper who wounded her. She immediately finds her friend. Dirt kills the sniper and frees his friend. Then she goes to the space center. While killing the military, Dirt meets the wounded Leaf. Then they find General Monroe who says Deert is Project Angel. He also mentioned that he does not destroy anything due to the death of his daughter Jessica. Dirt kills him and goes to the rocket launch room and kills the queen. Deert and Leaf are sitting on a bench. He says that he was wrong about people and now he looked at the world with completely different eyes, to which Dirt says, “We already had a hard day! It’s over.” An unknown voice says “This is not the end yet. Everything is just beginning …”. Ability Points and Game ModeD.i.R.T. is a third-person action adventure game with a flexible superpowers system that helps the player in battle and offers him a new approach to solving problems At the very beginning, the player is given three classes of ability development (Stealth, Shooting and Aggression).Depending on the selected class, the player will earn ability points in different ways. Thanks to these points, the player has additional weapons, powers and other hidden bonuses. For example, if the player chooses the “Shooting” class, points are added for the firing range (that is, the greater the distance to the hit target, the more points), headshots, etc. Game Modes – You can choose from two modes to keep the game playable. Adventure is a traditional adventure game with its own storyline. Speed game -When passing each level, you need to meet the allotted time, for which you can earn extra points. Office
CharactersDeert is the main character of the game. She is 19 years old. Dirt has always lived without a father. One day she and her friends were celebrating at West Lake and suddenly passed out. Woke up in prison and found a monster and a dead guard. Also in the New York prison, she meets Penny Whistler, who also went to prison for unknown reasons. Dirt goes in search of friends, but then finds out that they have been dead for a long time. Appearance: Dirt is dressed in a black T-shirt, leather jeans, a silver chain hangs on her belts, she also has a thong over her pants, black Adidas sneakers, various piercings on her face, red hair with blonde tips and a black bracelet. Penny Whistler is a journalist. She is about 30 years old. First appears in Chapter 1. 8 months old. She has a boring job like she says. But then they called her and told about the release of chemicals into a reservoir in one of the small towns. Penny and her colleagues went there because they were the closest, but the military blocked their way. Penny decided to take a risk and pulled off the road to get into the city from the other side, but she was quietly grabbed and drugged. Believes her daddy was drunk when he gave her the name.Her further fate is unknown. Appearance: Penny is dressed in a light pink sweater, black skirt, light tights, black shoes, blonde hair. Leaf – Deert’s old friend. First appears in Chapter 7 at the station. Deert meets him at the station, but he is not himself. He was often abandoned, so Leaf often thought that people were just leaving their friends for their own lives, but it turned out he was wrong. Appearance: The bodice is wearing a pink T-shirt, jeans with brown boots, brown hair. Dr. Martin – Only spawns in the gun shop. After completing a new level, Deert goes to Martin’s store. General Jack Monroe – the general who created the team to destroy the mutants who attacked the city. He soon refused to kill the queen in the space center, believing that he would lose everything and because of this he killed General Campbell and scientist Brian. Dirt is killed in the last chapter. General Campbell – The most important general. He commanded troops in Vietnam, Iraq and Samoli.Little is known about him. He also convinces Monroe not to kill innocent citizens. Was killed by General Monroe. Brian – Scientist. Together with his colleagues, he developed the T-76 and is also the father of Deert, who abandoned her family when she was a child. Was killed by General Monroe. Jessica – General Monroe’s daughter. Her name is first pronounced by Dirt in the last chapter. She died under unknown circumstances. Deert’s behavior suggests that she knew Jessica. Sarah is the girl from the club who was saved by Deert. Appearance: Sarah is dressed in a black top, black skirt, black tights, black boots, silver bracelets on her arms, blonde hair. Elizabeth – the girl from the club that Deert saved Appearance: Elizabeth is wearing a red top, red skirt, black tights, black boots, silver bracelets on her arm, black hair. Boo – The bear backpack that Dirt always carries with him is very intelligent and sensitive. It is designed to display specific features of the interface.Examples of Bu action are as follows: -It displays Deert’s health level: he either dances merrily with good health, or crumples dejectedly if Deert’s health is weakened. – It serves as a danger radar: it worries when danger approaches, and then begins to cry and curls up like a dog. – Discovers secret places: if the Scary Stare is gazing at something invisible, then the player can discover something interesting if he clicks on the object over which the Action icon appears. Bosses: There are several bosses in the game who, as usual, present themselves as very strong opponents. In the battle with them, the player will have to apply special tactics and super powers to win. Multiple boss description:
Super powers and weaponsDeert has 8 unique super powers:
In D.i.R.T. provided 14 types of weapons, which uses 3 types of ammunition. Each type of weapon has unique characteristics: power, speed, range.All weapons are thoroughly worked out, and three types are equipped with sniper sights that help to hit targets at long distances. A physician on the US national gymnastics team has raped female athletes for over 20 years. Why wasn’t he caught earlier?Match TV captures the main feature of the HBO documentary about the loudest scandal in the history of American sports: the cover-up of coaches, the FBI’s negligence, the rapist’s last word in court. Match TV captures the main feature of the HBO documentary about the loudest scandal in the history of American sports: the cover-up of coaches, the FBI’s negligence, the rapist’s last word in court. In the fall of 2016, gymnasts began to report sexual assault in the US media by former US team and University of Michigan doctor Larry Nassar. There were more and more statements every day. As a result, 125 people sued him. Among the victims of Nassar, Olympic champions – Eli Reisman, Simone Biles, McKayla Maroni. Eli Reisman / Photo: © Alex Wong / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru In January 2018, the doctor was sentenced to 40 years in prison. To prevent Nassar from being released on parole, Judge Rosemary Aqualina gave him another 175 years in prison. In May 2019, HBO released the documentary At the heart of gold: Inside the USA gymnastics scandal (translated into Russian as The Price of Gold: A Scandal in American Gymnastics), which explains why Nassar has so many victims and no one for the entire time of this practice could stop him.Match TV sets the stage for an HBO movie. Watch on YouTube Larry was a friend of gymnastsAt the beginning of the film, it is about what a difficult sport it is, constantly associated with injuries. The coaches with whom Nassar worked had a tough approach to their athletes, which created a supportive environment for Nassar. For example, spouses Bella and Martha Karolyi, who led the national team’s training program, required all gymnasts to attend a monthly training camp at their Texas ranch.At the ranch, communication with personal trainers and parents was prohibited so that nothing would distract from training. The 2012 Olympic coach John Geddert, who worked at the Twister gym, is called “Satan” and “tyrant” by the victims in the film for his brutal treatment of gymnasts. John Geddert / Photo: © globallookpress.com Nassar was the complete opposite of coaches. A classic example of a rapist from a Hollywood movie: sociable, smiling, kind, family man. The one you think of last.Nassar was visited not only to heal the injury, but also to share the misfortune. Everyone trusted him. Larry could always listen, brought the athletes food, gave sweets. He was admired. Here’s what the gymnasts said about him in the film:
The athletes did not understand that they were being subjected to violent actsLarry was constantly alone with the gymnasts, although, according to the rules, an assistant must be present at the procedures. However, he worked without gloves. The coaches turned a blind eye to this. The film describes Nassar’s methods. If a gymnast came to him with back pain or in any other place far from the groin area, he would still stick his fingers where they should not.He explained his actions by the fact that there is a reflex point that will relieve this pain. During the procedure, Nassar did not stop talking, constantly asking the gymnasts about their studies and family, chatting up their victims. The underage athletes trusted the doctor and considered it a standard procedure. Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru “He would take off his belt and start moaning. It seems to everyone that everything is obvious. But imagine a little girl who has no sexual experience.She was often told that this was a doctor from the Olympic Games and that he would help her. The girls didn’t understand anything, ”one of the victims explains in the film. “At each visit, he touched my entire body, straightened, massaged my back. Not everyone understands that in gymnastics, touch is a common thing. We are used to being held by adults and helping us with stretching. We got used to being touched. But Larry went further. He explained to my mother that he would touch me near intimate places. I didn’t ask, but presented with the fact that he would do this, ”says one of the former patients of Dr. Nassar. Nasser could have been jailed back in 1997, but the gymnast was intimidated by the coachIn 1997, gymnast Larissa Boyes complained about Nassar to University of Michigan head coach Kattie Klages: “I studied at the“ Young Spartans ”club. The procedures were in doubt, and I wanted to discuss it with an adult to sort it out. Kathy Klages invited me to her office. I told her bluntly that Larry was sticking his fingers in me. She simply said that I did not understand anything, that he would never do anything inappropriate.Like, she has known him for many years, but I’m just wrong. I was sitting in her office, and other girls from the team came in two by two. She asked if Larry did anything that raised questions. And everyone said no, except for one girl. She stayed with us. Katie still couldn’t believe what we were saying. Then Katie brought in a couple of older gymnasts. They said that his hands came close to certain places, but everything was within the bounds of decency. I insisted: “It was not so with me! He sticks his fingers inside. “Then the students left, the other girl too. I explained again what was going on. Kathy said, “I can apply, but there will be serious consequences for you and Larry Nassar, so think carefully.” I seem to have raised my hands and said, “I don’t want problems. I don’t want that. ” I ran out of the office, hid in the closet and cried for most of the workout. On his next visit to Nassar, he stopped by and said, “I spoke to Catty.” My heart sank. It was so embarrassing that I was humiliated.He continued, “Kathy told me what worries you. You know that it helps you. ” I remember how I answered: “Forgive me, I am guilty. I messed it up and I’m sorry. ” I convinced myself that the problem is in me and I must endure. And then I jumped onto the table, and he continued the same for four more years. Kathy knew there was a certain procedure to be followed, but she herself decided not to do anything. Therefore, I blame the university. She is his employee, ”Larissa Boyce said in the film. Kathy Klagges / Photo: © Handout / Handout / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru Kathy Klages is currently awaiting trial. In March 2018, the University of Michigan agreed to pay $ 500 million to those affected. The total number of victims is 332 people. In 2014, a formal complaint was filed against Nassar, but Larry was helped by the universityIn 2014, University of Michigan student Amanda Tomashow filed a formal complaint about Nassar’s lecherous behavior: “I described exactly what was happening to them.Nassar put his fingers into me, I pushed him away, got up, he rushed to the corner of the room to hide his erection, ”recalls Amanda Tomashow. The University has begun an investigation. To assess Nassar’s actions, the university invited four experts, selected by Larry himself. Three out of four were his former students, one was a doctor he knew. Experts did not find any traces of violence. Amanda Tomashaw / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru “Larry said it was a cure.I said, “This is sexual assault.” And then they asked his friends for an opinion. Erection was not mentioned in the report. Nothing is said about me pushing him away. I was 24. I knew what was proper for a doctor and what was not. They made me question it, ”says Tomashow. Nassar was suspended for 90 days pending investigation. He then returned to work on condition that the recommendations were followed: • Examine patients with gloves • For all examinations, the presence of an assistant is mandatory 90 130 • Explain your actions to patients No one followed the recommendations.Nassar continued to work as usual. From 1997 to 2015, 17 complaints were received against Nassar in various forms. In 2015, the FBI learned about Nassar’s affairs, but did not take the message seriouslyIn the spring of 2015, at the monthly gathering at the Karolyi ranch, national team member Maggie Nichols asked Eli Raisman: “What is the doctor’s technique? Why is he sticking his fingers inside me. I’m not sure if I need this. ” Personal trainer Nichols heard about this and reported to the Artistic Gymnastics Federation. Federation President Steve Penny decided to conduct an internal investigation first, which lasted five weeks. During this period, Nassar continued to work at the University of Michigan because the federation did not report anything. Penny then spoke about the problem to the head of the US NOC, who replied that he needed to immediately contact the FBI. The FBI investigation hasn’t even begun. The message went to the Indianapolis office, where they said they would send all the data to the Detroit office, but they never did.The bureau did not take the message from the federation seriously. Steve Penny / Photo: © Mark Wilson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru Following the verdict of Nassar, the entire leadership of the US Artistic Gymnastics Federation has resigned. Steve Penny is awaiting trial for not reporting Larry’s cases to the police for 41 days. Investigation began after the gymnast confessed to reportersNassar went on to work at the University of Michigan. In the summer of 2016, former gymnast Rachel Denholander contacted a journalist, who was told that Nassar had raped her since she was 15.After that, a member of the US Olympic team spoke anonymously, calling Larry a rapist. The scandal gained momentum, and many began to follow Denhollander’s example, sharing their experiences. Rachel Denholander / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru Some of Nassar’s victims at first refused to believe he was guilty: “I read the headline and laughed in surprise. I thought: “No, it can’t be! He’s a saint! ” Of course, I didn’t like the procedures, but I thought it was real treatment.At first I got angry: “How dare you accuse such a kind person of such a terrible crime?” I didn’t even read the article because I was at a dance rehearsal in college. And when I began to read after the rehearsal, I realized that Rachel had stated everything accurately. She described my own experience: strange comments, no gloves, manipulation inside. And he said that he did not touch anyone inside. That evening my head boiled. It turned out that for seven years I had mistaken his actions for medical procedures and honest help.I have always praised and recommended him. It turns out that I sent them to the monster. ” In the end, Nassar was arrested, but not because of the messages of the gymnasts, but according to the statement of the daughter of Larry’s friends, who was not his patient. That is, he could not, in that case, refer to the fact that these were necessary medical procedures. Nassar did not last long. He was released on $ 1 million bail. After a search of Larry’s house found hard drives containing 37 thousand images of child pornography, he was arrested a second time without the right to be released on bail. In court, the father of three victims tried to attack Nassar, lawyers received threatsNassar pleaded guilty to sexual assault, but not right away. As part of the plea agreement, the court refused to press charges in 125 lawsuits against Nassar, but Larry had to listen to the victims’ statements. At first, 88 injured girls wanted to speak out, but every day there were more and more people willing to tell their story. As a result, 156 people appeared in the court. The trial began on January 16, 2018, and for a week the girls approached the podium, looked into Nassar’s eyes, read out their statements and left with tears to applause.Here are some of the events that are shown in the courtroom film: 1. The first to speak was the daughter of Larry Nassar’s friends, according to whom the doctor was arrested. Kayla Stevens / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru “Until this moment, I was called ‘victim Z-A’ or ‘family friend’. I gave my first testimony in this case, fearing attention. She asked me to hide my name. Today I am addressing you openly. This is a statement for you. I have nothing to be ashamed of. My parents became friends with Larry and his wife Steffany when I was about six years old. The first abuse began on the part of Larry Nassar. Let me tell you what I was interested in at the age of six. Favorite TV program – “Big Red Dog Clifford”, favorite book – “Junie B Jones”. I didn’t know how to multiply. I still had baby teeth. At this level of maturity, I was forced to engage in sexual activities. (Next, the girl talks about these actions of Nassar, we skip this for ethical reasons.) When I was 12, I told my parents. They demanded an explanation from Larry. He denied everything. Due to circumstances that I do not want to talk about now, my parents believed Larry Nassar, not me. From 12 to 18 years old, I avoided contact with them. My father believed that only a disgusting person could slander someone so terribly. He thought I was lying, and his beliefs destroyed our connection. We fought constantly. He said, “You have to apologize to Larry.” It was just before leaving for college that I tried again to clear my name. Larry Nassar’s actions caused me a lot of harm. But it was even more terrifying to see my father find out what I went through. Dad and I tried to mend our relationship before he committed suicide in 2016. ” 2. The defendant’s lawyer said that she was threatened. “They shouted at the defense lawyers. They threatened to kill my relatives and employees. Even kill my colleague’s children. As if we were all complicit. And oil was constantly added to this fire. In the end, the explosion was inevitable. “ Larry Nassar with lawyers / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru 3. The father of the three victims tried to attack Nassar in court. – Your Honor, as part of the verdict – let me spend five minutes in a locked room with this monster. – I already … – Allow me? – Our system … – Yes or No? – No, sir. – Just one minute then. – I can’t.The judicial system doesn’t work that way. – Then you have to … At this moment, the father rushes sharply towards Nassar, but he is intercepted by the police. They knock the assailant to the floor, handcuff him and take him out of the courtroom. Leaving the father says: “And if it was your daughter?” A fragment of the attack can be seen in the official movie trailer. 4. Judge Aqualina read out a letter from Larry Nassar, which he wrote during the hearing. Judge Rosemary Aqualina / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru “He declares: ‘I am very worried that my psyche simply will not stand listening to witnesses for another four days.” Sir, a few phrases are causing me questions. You write: “Now Aqualina is hosting a four-day media circus for sentencing. She wants me to sit next to her all four days in order to get into the lenses of all cameras. ” 5. Nassar burst into tears as former gymnast Trinea Gonchar read her statement. “If you may, I would like to address him directly, please.What have you done? I told my mother that the hardest thing is to see how small they are, these young girls. She replied: “You were the same, if not younger.” I made a tough decision this week. I decided whether to support you further or support the girls. Larry, I choose them! I’ve known you all my life – 31 out of 37 years. I remember your wedding. We thought Stephanie was the luckiest woman in the world. My heart aches for her and your children. Why lose so much good? For what? Larry Nassar / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru We loved you as dear. Thought you loved us too. I decided to look you in the eye and tell you that you hurt us. It hurts me, because he raped almost my entire life. You’ve hurt me a lot, old friend. I don’t know who you are anymore. Larry, I thought you’d be delighted to know that I was four months old. I got a boy. And all my life I will do everything so that people like you do not harm any of us. Goodbye Larry. I close the door. God bless your dark soul. “ 6. The last speaker was Rachel Denholander, after whose announcement in the media it all started. When Rachel made her speech, the judge thanked her: “You have built an army of fighters and have become a great general. All voices have sounded thanks to you. Thank you”. 7. Larry Nassar’s last word before sentencing. Larry Nassar with lawyers / Photo: © Scott Olson / Staff / Getty Images News / Gettyimages.ru – This is a short statement.Your words these days evoked a strong emotional reaction in me and shook me deeply. I realize that my feelings are nothing compared to the pain, trauma and emotional destruction that you are experiencing, each of you. There are no words to describe how deeply I regret what happened. An acceptable apology is impossible to describe and utter. I will carry your words through all the remaining days. “I’ll read more of your letter,” Judge Aqualina said. “I want to do this because it will be part of your apology, if you can trust them.Listen to your own words: “The press convinced them that all my actions were impermissible and vicious. It seems to them that I have betrayed their trust. There is no anger in hell comparable to that of a rejected woman. ” The last sentence in the letter drew the ire of those in the courtroom. Related Stories |