How did the Iroquois invent lacrosse. Why can’t the Iroquois Nationals play in international tournaments. What is the significance of Iroquois passports. How has bureaucracy impacted Native American sovereignty. What are the implications of this controversy for indigenous rights.
The Origins of Lacrosse: From Native American Tradition to Modern Sport
Lacrosse, a sport deeply rooted in Native American culture, has a rich and fascinating history. The Iroquois and Huron tribes are credited with inventing this game, which originally bore little resemblance to its modern counterpart. In its earliest form, lacrosse was a grueling test of endurance and strength, often involving hundreds of participants competing on expansive fields for days on end.
How did early lacrosse differ from the modern game? The original version was played on fields up to a mile long, with matches lasting up to three days. This stark contrast to today’s hour-long games with 20 players highlights the incredible stamina and dedication of the Native American athletes who created the sport.
The Iroquois Nationals: Guardians of Lacrosse’s Native American Heritage
The Iroquois Nationals, ranked fourth in the world, represent the six Native American nations that form the Iroquois Confederacy. Recognized by the Federation of International Lacrosse as a full member nation, this team stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Native American contributions to the sport.
Why is the Iroquois Nationals team significant in modern lacrosse? Their participation in international tournaments not only showcases their athletic prowess but also serves as a powerful reminder of lacrosse’s indigenous origins. The team’s presence on the global stage is a living connection to the sport’s rich cultural heritage.
The Passport Controversy: A Clash of Tradition and Modern Bureaucracy
The Iroquois Nationals’ journey to the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships in Manchester, UK, was unexpectedly halted by a diplomatic impasse. The team, which had traditionally traveled on Iroquois passports, found themselves unable to obtain the necessary travel visas due to bureaucratic complications.
- The British consulate in New York refused to issue visas without assurances from the US State Department.
- The US government declined to provide written guarantees for the team’s re-entry using Iroquois passports.
- Offers of expedited US passports were rejected by the team, citing concerns over tribal sovereignty.
What led to this unprecedented travel restriction? Despite successfully using their Iroquois passports for international travel since 1977, including previous trips to the UK, Japan, and Canada, the team faced new scrutiny in 2010. This shift in policy raised questions about the recognition of Native American sovereignty and the validity of tribal documents in an increasingly security-conscious world.
The Significance of Iroquois Passports: More Than Just Travel Documents
For the Iroquois Nationals, their passports represent far more than mere travel documents. These passports are a symbol of their nation’s sovereignty and their distinct identity separate from the United States or Canada.
Why do the Iroquois insist on using their own passports? The use of Iroquois passports is a powerful assertion of tribal sovereignty and cultural identity. By traveling under their own nation’s documents, the team reinforces their status as a separate entity from the American or Canadian lacrosse teams, despite their geographic location within these countries.
The Dilemma of Sovereignty vs. Practicality
The passport controversy placed the Iroquois Nationals in a difficult position. Accepting US passports would have allowed them to participate in the tournament, but at what they perceived as a significant cost to their principles and identity.
How does this situation highlight the complexities of Native American sovereignty in the modern world? This dilemma underscores the ongoing challenges faced by indigenous nations in maintaining their unique identities and sovereign rights while navigating the realities of international diplomacy and security concerns.
Political Ramifications: The Obama Administration and Native American Relations
The passport controversy inadvertently thrust the Obama administration into a delicate situation regarding Native American relations. President Obama had made significant strides in representing and promoting Native American interests, making this diplomatic standoff particularly sensitive.
- Bill Richardson, then-governor of New Mexico, appealed to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on behalf of the Iroquois Nationals.
- The situation drew attention to the United States’ obligations under the UN Declaration on Human Rights, particularly regarding freedom of travel.
- The controversy highlighted the complex relationship between the federal government and Native American tribes.
How did this incident impact Native American-US government relations? The passport issue became a litmus test for the Obama administration’s commitment to Native American rights and sovereignty, drawing attention from tribal communities across the nation and potentially influencing future policy decisions.
International Recognition and Sports Diplomacy
The Iroquois Nationals’ situation raises interesting questions about the intersection of sports, diplomacy, and international recognition. As a team representing a non-UN-recognized nation, their participation in international tournaments is a unique form of cultural diplomacy.
How does sports participation contribute to international recognition for indigenous nations? The Iroquois Nationals’ involvement in world lacrosse championships provides a platform for asserting their distinct national identity on a global stage, potentially influencing perceptions of Native American sovereignty beyond the realm of sports.
The Role of International Sports Federations
The Federation of International Lacrosse’s recognition of the Iroquois Confederacy as a full member nation plays a crucial role in this controversy. This recognition stands in contrast to the diplomatic hurdles faced by the team, highlighting the disconnect between sports governance and international politics.
What implications does this have for other indigenous groups seeking recognition through sports? The Iroquois Nationals’ case could set a precedent for how international sports organizations interact with indigenous nations, potentially opening doors for greater recognition and participation in global sporting events.
The Broader Implications for Indigenous Rights and Identity
The passport controversy surrounding the Iroquois Nationals extends far beyond the world of sports, touching on fundamental issues of indigenous rights, identity, and self-determination in the 21st century.
How does this situation reflect ongoing challenges faced by indigenous peoples worldwide? The struggle of the Iroquois Nationals to assert their identity through travel documents mirrors broader efforts by indigenous communities to maintain their cultural distinctiveness and sovereign rights in an increasingly globalized world.
- Recognition of indigenous travel documents
- Balancing tribal sovereignty with national security concerns
- The role of international law in protecting indigenous rights
What potential long-term effects could this controversy have on indigenous rights movements? The high-profile nature of this case could serve as a catalyst for broader discussions on indigenous sovereignty, potentially influencing policy decisions and public perceptions on a global scale.
The Future of Iroquois Participation in International Lacrosse
As the lacrosse world continues to evolve, the question of Iroquois participation in international tournaments remains a pressing issue. The resolution of the passport controversy will likely have far-reaching implications for the team’s future involvement in global competitions.
What potential solutions exist for ensuring Iroquois participation while addressing security concerns? Possible approaches could include:
- Negotiating special diplomatic arrangements for the Iroquois Nationals
- Developing a hybrid passport system that satisfies both tribal and international requirements
- Working with host countries to establish specific entry protocols for indigenous athletes
How might the international lacrosse community adapt to accommodate the unique status of the Iroquois Nationals? The sport’s governing bodies may need to play a more active role in facilitating the team’s participation, potentially setting new precedents for how international sports organizations handle issues of sovereignty and recognition.
The Role of Diplomacy in Resolving the Impasse
Resolving the passport issue will likely require delicate diplomatic negotiations involving multiple parties, including the Iroquois Confederacy, the US and Canadian governments, and international sports organizations.
What steps can be taken to foster dialogue and find a mutually acceptable solution? Potential approaches include:
- Establishing a working group to address indigenous athlete participation in international events
- Engaging in government-to-government consultations between the Iroquois Confederacy and relevant nations
- Seeking mediation through international organizations such as the United Nations
How can the international community support the resolution of this issue? Increased awareness and diplomatic pressure from other nations and international bodies could play a crucial role in finding a long-term solution that respects both security concerns and indigenous rights.
Preserving Lacrosse’s Indigenous Roots in the Modern Era
As lacrosse continues to gain popularity worldwide, preserving its indigenous roots becomes increasingly important. The Iroquois Nationals serve as living ambassadors of the sport’s cultural heritage, making their participation in international events crucial for maintaining this connection.
How can the lacrosse community honor its Native American origins while embracing global growth? Strategies might include:
- Incorporating indigenous history and traditions into lacrosse education programs
- Promoting cultural exchange between Native American lacrosse players and international teams
- Developing initiatives to support indigenous youth lacrosse programs
What role can the Iroquois Nationals play in bridging the gap between lacrosse’s past and future? As custodians of the sport’s heritage, the team has a unique opportunity to educate and inspire the global lacrosse community, fostering a deeper appreciation for the game’s cultural significance.
The Impact on Youth and Community Development
The Iroquois Nationals’ struggles and triumphs on the international stage have a profound impact on Native American communities, particularly young aspiring athletes.
How does the team’s presence in international competitions influence Native American youth? The Iroquois Nationals serve as role models and sources of pride for indigenous youth, demonstrating the potential for success while maintaining strong cultural ties. Their experiences can inspire the next generation of players and leaders within Native American communities.
What broader community benefits arise from supporting indigenous participation in international sports? Beyond individual inspiration, the team’s involvement in global competitions can:
- Boost community morale and cultural pride
- Create economic opportunities through sports tourism and related industries
- Foster cross-cultural understanding and appreciation for Native American heritage
By addressing these challenges and embracing the unique role of the Iroquois Nationals, the international lacrosse community has an opportunity to set a powerful example of inclusivity, cultural respect, and the unifying power of sport.
Why the tribe who invented lacrosse can’t play it here | The Independent
When young warriors of the Native American Iroquois tribe gathered for lacrosse games hundreds of years ago, they faced a truly Herculean test of stamina. Long before it became an hour-long game for 20 players, lacrosse was a mammoth team sport with hundreds of participants battling it out on a pitch that could be anything up to a mile long, sometimes for three days straight. As a result the Iroquois, who along with the Huron helped invent lacrosse, know a thing or two about playing the long game.
Despite their reputation for astonishing endurance, the tribe’s current crop of lacrosse players appear to have come up against two immovable objects: the bureaucratic might of the Home Office and the US State Department.
The Iroquois Nationals, ranked fourth in the world, had been due to fly to Manchester on Sunday to begin training for the World Lacrosse Championships where they are supposed to play Britain in the opening game tomorrow evening.
The match was billed as a clash between the descendants of the original creators of the sport with the host nation.
The Nationals are made up of members from the six Native American nations that form the Iroquois Confederacy which is recognised by the Federation of International Lacrosse – the sport’s governing body – as a full member nation like the other competitors in their group such as Britain, Canada and Japan.
Proud of their Native American heritage, the team have always travelled to tournaments on their own Iroquois passports and, until now, they never had a problem with those documents. But the British consulate in New York refused to issue travel visas unless the US State Department gave written assurances that players would be allowed back into America once the tournament was over. What began as a single piece of British red tape has since descended into an angry debate across the Atlantic over Native American citizenship after the US government refused to issue such a letter.
At first glance it might seem strange that a team would risk travelling on documents that even the State Department’s own literature says are “not considered passports”. But the Nationals have been successfully travelling on their Iroquois passports since 1977 and did not expect to encounter issues this time.
When they flew to the championships in Australia eight years ago, Canberra readily issued visas. The same went for recent trips to Japan and Canada. The team even used the Iroquois passports to fly to Britain in 1994, the last time the championships were held in Manchester, and were waved through immigration.
The US government has offered the team expedited American passports to allow them to travel to Manchester but the Iroquois have refused to accept any compromise which they say would deny their tribe sovereignty or recognition in the tournament that they are a separate entity from the American lacrosse team.
“It might seem like we’re just fighting a point of principle but it’s an important one,” Ansley Jemison, the team’s general manager, told The Independent yesterday.
“We are recognised as a sovereign nation by the FIL [Federation of International Lacrosse] and have always travelled on our own passports. That’s a line we don’t want to cross.”
Rather than acclimatise to the comparatively chilly confines of Manchester, the team’s 23 players and staff have instead had to hole up in a Manhattan hotel while a storm of controversy envelops their tournament. “There’s a lot of frustration but we’re hanging on in there,” Jemison said. “We’re going to head down to the airport again later this afternoon and hopefully it will be good news.”
Britain’s refusal to grant the Nationals their visas has inadvertently thrown the Obama administration headlong into a conflict with Native Americans, a community that he has done more to represent and promote than any other recent president.
Bill Richardson, the governor of New Mexico, has written to fellow Democrat Hillary Clinton asking why the Nationals were unable to travel on a passport used for 30 years.
“As a governor of a state with a significant Native American population, I know many tribes and pueblos will watch carefully how these young competitors are treated by the administration,” he wrote. “As a signator of the UN Declaration on Human Rights, which includes the freedom to travel and return, I believe we have an obligation to assure these young men’s rights are protected.”
Organisers of the tournament have privately expressed their frustration that the British consulate refused to handle Iroquois travel documents.
“It may be the Americans who are holding things up at the moment but it was British officiousness that started it all,” said one official. “The idea that the Americans would turn around at the end of the tournament and say, ‘Sorry, we can’t let you back into the country’ is absurd.”
Tonya Gonnella Frichner, a member of one of the Iroquois clans, was equally scathing. “It’s just not going to happen that the indigenous people of North American are going to be blocked from returning to our own territory,” she said.
The Home Office remains unmoved by the Iroquois’ pleas. Last night a spokesperson reiterated that only those with a valid travel document will be granted entry to the UK. “The [Iroquois] passport is not internationally recognised as a valid air travel document,” he added.
Other team members find it hard to understand why the US State Department has taken such a hard line. “This is our home and we would never endanger it,” said Denise Waterman, a member of the team’s board of directors. “If [only] we had a phone call from the State Department just to reaffirm, ‘Yes, we’re proud of them, we’ll welcome them back.’ It would be nice to know they’d be supportive of us.”
How was lacrosse invented? – JanetPanic.com
How was lacrosse invented?
Lacrosse has its origins in a tribal game played by all eastern Woodlands Native Americans and by some Plains Indians tribes in what is now Canada. Lacrosse is one of the youngest team sports in North America. There is evidence that a version of lacrosse originated in Mesoamerica or canada as early as the 17th century.
Was lacrosse played to the death?
Lacrosse traces its origins to North American Indian tribes. These contests would be scheduled at agreeable times for both tribes and would end the dispute with less bloodshed, though broken bones and severe injuries were not uncommon, and death was not unheard of in the contests.
How old is the game lacrosse?
Lacrosse has its beginnings as far back as one thousand years BCE, emerging from a Native American game, and developing into the modern sport we all know. Today, lacrosse is widely known across the USA and Canada.
Why is lacrosse called the medicine game?
The Great Spirit came with lacrosse stick and ball in hand and told them that the game belonged to them and taught them how to play. The entire affair of Lacrosse symbolizes a spiritual ritual to honor, heal, and celebrate individuals and communities. For this reason, lacrosse is often referred to as the Medicine Game.
Who named Lacrosse?
French Jesuit missionaries working in the St.
Lawrence Valley in the 1630s were the first Europeans to see lacrosse being played by the Native American Indians. One of them, Jean de Brébeuf, wrote about the game being played by the Huron Indians in 1636 and it was he who the named the game “lacrosse”.
What does Crosse mean in lacrosse?
: a stick with a small net at one end that is used in lacrosse.
What is the word lacrosse mean?
La Crosse
Is lacrosse a white boy sport?
“Lacrosse is thought to be a sport played by upper-class white kids. In 2012, 88.2 percent of men’s and women’s college lacrosse players were white across the Division I, II and III levels. That number dropped to 85.9 in 2016.
What are the most common injuries in lacrosse?
Common Lacrosse Injuries
- Ankle sprain.
- Head and face contusion.
- Concussion.
- Knee sprain (ACL, MCL)
- Wrist fracture.
- Hip flexor strain.
- Low back pain.
Is lacrosse dangerous?
Overall, lacrosse is a moderate risk sport in which the vast majority of injuries are minor strains, sprains, and bruises.
However, more significant injuries can occur. Non-contact, ankle and knee ligament sprains, sustained while cutting and dodging are common in both girls and boys lacrosse.
Which sport has highest injury rate?
Basketball
Is Lacrosse hard to learn?
Lacrosse is easy to learn, and a great sport because of total control. In every other sport, such as basketball, you can control the ball, but you’re dribbling the ball, and it’s more difficult to keep it and shoot it. Even when you do, it’s either a shot, or a dunk.
Is lacrosse a sport for rich?
Going back to the issues associated with lopsided growth, according to this data, lacrosse is living up too its reputation as a sport for the wealthy. Lacrosse gear is expensive with a set of pads, helmet, and shaft, and head costing upwards of $300 on the lowend and $1000+ on the highend.
What is the hardest position in lacrosse?
goalkeeper
What sport is lacrosse most like?
Lacrosse is like basketball, they say, because plays are set up similar to basketball plays for advancing the ball into scoring position.
It’s like hockey or football with heavy protective equipment and plenty of physical contact. The field of play is like a soccer field, except that the goal is smaller.
What does BraveHeart mean in lacrosse?
A “BraveHeart” is used at tournaments and camps to decide a tie game. It’s a one vs one full field face off with goalies in their nets. BraveHearts are very exciting! We incorporate life lessons into the game of lacrosse, to help our athletes succeed both on and off the field.
Does lacrosse have ties?
It is possible for lacrosse games to end in a tie depending on the league or tournament rules. However, the majority of lacrosse games continue on into overtime if the score is tied after regulation. There are several peculiar methods that lacrosse games are decided in the event of a tie.
Is lacrosse an Olympic sport?
Lacrosse, a sport originated by Native Americans, was designated a medal sport in the 1904 and 1908 Olympics, and it was a demonstration sport in the 1928, 1932 and 1948 Games.
What is the lacrosse ball called?
PEARL lacrosse balls
Is lacrosse a violent sport?
Is Lacrosse a Dangerous Sport? Lacrosse is considered a moderate risk sport. This means that the majority of injuries that come from the sport are minor bruises, strains, and sprains. However, more significant injuries can still occur in lacrosse.
Do lacrosse balls hurt?
That Hit’s Going to Leave a Mark! Most of us have said this while watching a lacrosse game or practice when a player gets hit with an errant pass or shot. Hard rubber lacrosse balls hurt when they hit you — and yes, they do leave a mark.
What does hot mean in lacrosse?
Hot (Right, Left) – Term(s) used on defense to communicate which player is the first slide; e.g. an adjacent defender is telling the on-ball defender she is “hot right” ISO (Isolation Play) – Creating a one on one situation for a player. Lax – Slang for lacrosse.
What does P mean in lacrosse?
Points (2 for goal, 1 for assist) P/GP.
– Points per Games Played.
What does GF mean in lacrosse?
GS – Goals Scored. F, GF – Goals For (sometimes used in place of GS). A, GA – Goals Against (i.e., number of goals conceded by a team). GD – Goal Difference (i.e., difference between GF and GA, and sometimes denoted by +/-).
What is the most important position in lacrosse?
The shortstick defender is, arguably, the most important position in the game. An outstanding goaltender, an orchestrating lead attackman and dominant face-off man are all essential to any team’s quest for greatness.
Why do girls drop lacrosse sticks?
After a goal, the player who scored may not touch the strings of her crosse and must immediately drop her stick. If the opposing coach requests a stick check after a goal, the official would inspect the pocket of the scoring player’s crosse.
Can you screen in lacrosse?
In basketball and lacrosse, the offensive player setting the pick must remain stationary at the moment of contact with the defender, and allow the defensive player a “reasonable opportunity” to avoid the screen; a screen is illegal if the screener moves in order to make contact, and obtains an advantage; the result is …
Are lacrosse players tall?
The average professional lacrosse player is 6′ 0.
34″ tall and weighs 198.52 lbs. This means that the average professional lacrosse player is about 3 inches taller than the average American male (5′ 9.3″) and is approximately the same weight as the average American male (197.6 lbs).
TRACES LACROSSE HISTORY FROM VIKINGS TO PRESENT | News
After putting his lacrosse men through an hour of stick-practice yesterday afternoon in spite of the discouraging drizzle, Coach Harry Herbert retired to the locker room and there proceeded to instruct his hearers in the history of lacrosse.
“The game originated with the Vikings,” he said, “and was brought by them to the shores of Canada. The Indian natives took up the sport and developed it to the highest glory it has ever attained. The Vikings had batted a wooden ball around with a small board. The Indians made their balls of hair and feathers, with a stone or wood knot to give weight, and the whole covered with a leather casing. They first padded the boards, and then substituted the net of leather thongs supported on a wooden frame, very similar to the present stick.
“‘Bagataway’, as they called the game, continued Coach Herbert, “became an important ceremonial rite. A match was proceeded by a solemn dance. Then the teams, each, consisting of the complete fighting force of a tribe prepared to slaughter each other. There were often as many as 800 or 1000 warriors on a side. The squaws aided by switching the braves to make them fight more vigorously.”
Coach Herbert went on to explain how the Candians gradually adopted the game, name it “Lacrosse” because of the resemblance which the sticks bore to a bishop’s crosse, refined it, reduced the number of players to 25, and played on a field 200 instead of 2000 yards square. Dr. W. G. Beers of Quebee earned his title of “the originator of modern lacrosse” by formulating a set of rules in 1867, when also lacrosse was adopted as Canada’s national game.
Johns Hopkins was the first of American universities to take up lacrosse. But the first intercollegiate match was played between Harvard and Yale at a date which has remained hidden in spite of all efforts to discover it.
“There are at present,” said Coach Herbert in conclusion, “a Northern and Southern Intercollegiate League. National championship is decided in a match played at Crescent Field, in Brooklyn, by the winners in their respective leagues.”
Iroquois Fight To Play Native Sport Lacrosse At World Games
In a show of great sportsmanship, the Irish team gave their World Games spot to the Iroquois. Now, the Iroquois have their sights set on the Olympics.
IRQ_Nationals/TwitterThe Iroquois Nationals lacrosse team were nearly disqualified from participating in the 2022 World Games.
All eyes are on the upcoming lacrosse championship at the 2022 World Games where the best teams from all over the world will compete against each other. But one of the best lacrosse teams in the world was almost left out of the games — and that exclusion could also keep them out of the Olympics.
The Iroquois Nationals’ finished in third place at the world championship, which should have qualified them for a spot among the eight teams chosen to head to the World Games.
But the International World Games Association (IWGA) initially deemed the team ineligible because the Iroquois Nation isn’t recognized as a sovereign state and has no Olympic committee.
According to CNN, public pushback compelled the IWGA to reverse its decision, allowing the Iroquois Nationals to compete on the condition that they secure a spot among the eight teams that had already been filled.
Ireland’s national lacrosse team withdrew from the World Games to offer their spot to the Iroquois instead. Ireland had finished 12th in the world championship.
“We are a proud member of World Lacrosse and we recognize the importance of The World Games to the continued growth of our sport,” read a statement from Michael Kennedy, chief executive officer of Ireland Lacrosse.
To @IrelandLacrosse,
You have gone above and beyond not only for us, but for what you believe is right.
Your actions have spoken louder than words showing everyone the true power of sport, and the spirit of lacrosse.We will never forget that.
I dteannta a chéile#TogetherAsOne pic.twitter.com/qmDSYauaM5— IROQUOIS NATIONALS LACROSSE (@IRQ_Nationals) September 3, 2020
“As much as our players would have been honored to compete, we know the right thing is for the Iroquois Nationals to represent our sport on this international stage.”
Thanks to Ireland’s great sportsmanship, the Iroquois Nationals lacrosse team will be competing in the upcoming 2022 World Games set to take place in Birmingham, Alabama.
The Iroquois Nationals called Ireland Lacrosse’s actions “the true power of sport” and “the spirit of lacrosse.”
“You have gone above and beyond not only for us but for what you believe is right,” the Iroquois Nationals tweeted to Ireland Lacrosse. “We will never forget that.”
The Iroquois — who call themselves the Haudenosaunee — is a confederacy made up of six Native American tribes that live around the eastern border between the U.S. and Canada.
The Iroquois Confederacy formed hundreds of years ago as a way to solidify support between the tribes. It encompasses the Onondaga, Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Seneca, and Tuscarora tribes.
The Iroquois Nationals represent the confederacy in international lacrosse competitions. They are the only Native American team authorized to play a sport internationally.
Additionally, it is believed that lacrosse was invented by the Iroquois tribes as long as 1,000 years ago. According to native beliefs, lacrosse was originally a competition played between land and winged animals long before humans existed. Today, they still view the sport as a gift from the Creator.
IRQ_Nationals/TwitterLacrosse was invented by the Iroquois and handed down between generations.
“That stick represents everything from the earth that grows,” said Rex Lyons, a former lacrosse player and the son of 90-year-old Onondaga faith keeper Oren Lyons.
“The netting is representative of the deer, the leader of animals from all five continents.
The weave in the netting, the connecting of all those hoops, that’s the clans, the families all connected together. And the ball, of course, is the medicine.”
The Iroquois call lacrosse the medicine game and will often arrange lacrosse games when a member of the tribe is in need. When the game concludes, they give the deerskin ball to the person they played for.
Despite the deep cultural significance the game has to the Iroquois, their struggle to play on the International stage is far from over. Lacrosse hasn’t been played as an Olympic medal sport since 1908, but in 2018 the International Olympic Committee took steps toward bringing the sport back to the games in 2028.
Since the World Games and Olympic Games follow similar criteria of inclusion, the Iroquois Nationals’ spot in the World Games is an important first step for the people who invented the game to one day play it on the athletic world’s biggest stage.
Despite the hurdles, the Iroquois have produced some of the top lacrosse teams in the world.
“There is no other sport like this in the world, with an origin story of a game shared with the world by an Indigenous group, and that group not only still competes today but does so as one of the very best teams out there,” said Steve Stenersen, the CEO of USA Lacrosse and a vice president of World Lacrosse. “What they have done is beyond remarkable.”
Next, read about the little-known history of voter suppression experienced by Native Americans throughout U.S. history and take a look at 33 stunning photographs of Native American masks brought to life through colorization.
The Invention of Lacrosse · Championship Subdivision News
All over the world, people enjoy playing sports. One of the popular sports that people enjoy today is Lacrosse. But what not a lot of individuals know about is its history. In this article, we will talk about how and when Lacrosse was invented.
Lacrosse got its start by being played by Native Americans.
Rather than being called “Lacrosse”, however, the sport was known as “Stickball.” Stickball was initially played by the Algonquian tribe in order to train as well as for fun, and religious reasons. At any one time, there were between 100 and 100,000 players enjoying the game, which could continue on for days.
Originally, the balls used were made of wood, but over time they were changed to being made of deerskin. In preparation for Lacrosse, players would decorate their face and body. It was also not unheard of for individuals to place bets on the outcome of each game. Much like modern-day lacrosse, it was a family event; enjoyed by husbands, wives, and their children.
In the 1630s, French Jesuit missionaries had the privilege of witnessing Lacrosse being played by Native Americans. In fact, the term “Lacrosse” was first spoken by one of these missionaries. News and interest in the game began spreading, and in the year of 1860, Lacrosse had become the national game of Canada.
In 1876, Queen Victoria herself watched a game and remarked that it was “very pretty to watch.”
By the beginning of the 20th century, Lacrosse was popular in several countries, and in 1904 and 1908 Lacrosse was played in the summer Olympics. Today, Lacrosse continues to be a popular and celebrated sport. It is played by men and women alike, and students at grade school and college enjoy the game each year. Lacrosse is also played professionally. It is a truly remarkable sport that got its start many years ago, invented by Native Americans who set the groundwork for our love of Lacrosse today.
For a quick rundown on the history of lacrosse, check out this video:
The National Lacrosse League launches Roots of the Game
The sport of lacrosse started as a Native American tradition centuries ago. Early European settlers observed tribes playing a far more aggressive variation involving long sticks that were affixed with hooked nets on one end.
Those tools worked great for catching and re-slinging a deerskin ball among teammates en route to the goal. But because the games involved thousands of players on a sprawling field and could last for days on end, the real win was being able to knock out other competitors along the way.
The whole exercise approximated battle training. When compressed into something more appropriate for club play in Montreal circa 1842, the French also renamed it. Various indigenous names like baggataway and tewaraathon were replaced by the current one, which pays homage to the fact that those sticks looked a lot like a bishop’s religious staff.
[Image: courtesy National Lacrosse League]But some people’s ignorance of this history—combined with racial insensitivity and obvious racism—led to an especially ugly moment for the professional indoor National Lacrosse League last season. During a home match between the Philadelphia Wings and Georgia Swarm, one of the Wings announcers repeatedly mocked the braided ponytail of Swarm star player Lyle Thompson, who is Native American.
Public rallying cries included “Let’s snip the ponytail” and were followed by some fans shouting that they should scalp Thompson.
In response, the NLL just made a game-wide commitment to increase awareness and appreciation of the sport’s indigenous heritage among both teams and fans alike. Although details are still vague, the new initiative is called “Roots of the Game” and includes formal education and sensitivity training for team players, owners, and their arena staffs. Starting next fall, every team will host a heritage appreciation night for fans, and ensure that culturally relevant messaging is incorporated into everything from in-game giveaways to youth sports clinics. The league will expand web coverage explaining these connections.
While the announcer was fired and the team publicly apologized, the incident points to a larger concern for the growing sport. Philadelphia is one of the several newly added franchises in the rapidly expanding NLL, which has grown to 13 teams and projects to add one team per year for the next several years.
Unlike the typical field game, indoor or so-called “box” lacrosse is played in an ice hockey rink with turf laid down. Each team is allowed five players plus a goalie (half the number in outdoor).
Close to 1 million people flowed through the league’s turnstiles during the 2018–2019 season, a 28% uptick over the previous season. Some of that growth is happening in areas where the origins of the sport are obviously forgotten. The league’s logo may be a stylized morning star—a Native American symbol for hope and guidance—and roughly 10% of current players are indigenous, but that’s hardly overt. “We have more new teams coming into the pipeline . . . we think it’s important to continue educating,” says NLL commissioner Nick Sakiewicz. “There’s no better time than the present to talk about things like inclusion and diversity and the respect that we should show the indigenous people that invented the game that we play.”
[Photo: courtesy National Lacrosse League]Roots of the Game will build on awareness work already being pioneered by Thompson.
The high-scoring athlete is one of four brothers in the league, all of whom share a similar hairstyle. He grew up with the Onondaga Nation in New York, where not cutting your hair was seen as a sign of embracing your ancestry and fighting spiritual and societal assimilation. “The one thing my father always said was be proud of who you are, and our hair was a symbol of it,” he tells Fast Company. “I wanted to take that negative situation and turn it into something positive.”
After the January 2019 incident, Thompson started a T-shirt campaign called “Back the Braid” through the apparel company Lacrosse Unlimited. The proceeds go to support a series of free summer camps that he, his brothers, and other lacrosse players and coaches hold in collaboration with Nike to encourage more Native American kids to be involved in the sport. Thompson is one of Nike’s N7 ambassadors for Native American and Aboriginal athletes, and the company has made spots about the movement.
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In June, the NLL sponsored a theme night at the Swarm’s own home game rematch against the Wings. Athletes on both teams wore promotional T-shirts during warm-ups, and there was a giveaway for fans. The proceeds from that promotion went to the league’s charitable partner Right to Play, a global organization that provides positive activities to protect and empower kids.
Frank Brown, a Wings player who is Native American and from the Seneca Nation in New York calls the league’s latest move an important commemoration. “The relevancy of the league is getting larger, and larger and larger,” he adds. “It’s only right for the league and individual organizations to put forth that effort to educate everyone who loves the sport on exactly where it comes from.”
Thompson agrees. “I think the league is really taking the right steps.
Not to make it right, but to create the future so that things like this don’t happen,” he says.
Five Sports Invented in Canada Lacrosse
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The transition from traditional custom to a national sport.
For Canadians today it would be quite remarkable to witness a traditional, Indigenous game of what we now call lacrosse. These games were often played on an open area or meadow, sometimes there were up to several hundred competitors from the two teams, and astonishingly a game could last for many days. The physical skills and endurance of the participant’s was impressive, but the game was more than simply a physical activity, it was an important cultural and spiritual custom for the well-being of the players, communities, and First Nations. These Indigenous games were different to sport as we understand it today.
In 1856 the Montreal Lacrosse Club was the first organization of the sport ever formed, which was a pivotal moment in the development of the game from a First Nations cultural practice into a national sport.
In the mid-nineteenth century, European Canadians began playing, other club teams were formed in Ontario and Quebec, and in 1860 the first rules of the sport were published in a Montreal newspaper.
In 1876 and in 1883, the Canadian government organized two Lacrosse tours of Britain. The government wanted to attract immigrants to move to Canada, and these tours used lacrosse as a national symbol to market Canada as a great nation. Two teams toured, one team of First Nations players and another team of European Canadian players, who wowed the thousands of British spectators at each game. One match in particular was remarkable, as it was held privately for none other than Queen Victoria at her castle in Windsor, England. These tours are one example of the ways in which lacrosse played an important role in developing our Canadian national identity, and in 2003 the federal government of Canada celebrated these early developments by identifying lacrosse as Canada’s national summer sport.
Today it is played as a professional sport.
George Beers was instrumental in promoting the game of lacrosse in Canada. He codified the rules of the sport and promoted it as Canada’s national game. He promoted the game as one that trained a young man to temperance, confidence and pluck. Lacrosse was reconfirmed by parliament as Canada’s National (Summer) Sport in 1994.
Collection: Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame
George Beers brought the game of lacrosse to European audiences in 1876 and 1883. Lacrosse was played at two Olympics Games, 1904 in St. Louis and 1908 in London. This is the gold medal was won by the Canadian team in 1908. Lacrosse is now played internationally by men and women.
Collection: Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame
Lionel Conacher was a multi-sport athlete who played football, ice hockey, baseball, boxing, rugby and lacrosse. In lacrosse he was considered one of the greatest amateur players of all time, often dominating games by charging the field and overpowering the opposition.
Part of the Conacher lacrosse legend is his participation in two championship games on the same day in two different sports. He hit a game winning double in baseball and then joined a lacrosse game already in play where he helped his team win the game. The Lionel Conacher Award is presented annually to the male athlete of the year.
Collection: Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame
Part of the Conacher lacrosse legend is his participation in two championship games on the same day in two different sports. He hit a game winning double in baseball and then joined a lacrosse game already in play where he helped his team win the game. The Lionel Conacher Award is presented annually to the male athlete of the year.This lacrosse stick was used by Roy “Red” Storey when he played lacrosse in Ontario and Quebec. Red Storey was an all-round athlete and also played football, baseball and ice hockey. After his retirement as a player he was an official for many sports including lacrosse and ice hockey between 1943 and 1959. He was respected for his integrity and leadership as an athlete and an official.
Collection: Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame
Ike Hildebrandt played both of Canada’s national sports – ice hockey and lacrosse. As a lacrosse player he played over sixteen seasons and won the national championship four times between 1951 and 1954.
Collection: Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame
He was a prolific scorer, winning the league scoring championship twice. He also enjoyed an outstanding ice hockey career, winning the World Championship in 1959 as both coach and player. His passion for both games and his leadership made him an outstanding athlete.The Canadian Lacrosse Association, the national governing body for the sport, recognizes four separate lacrosse disciplines of Box (Indoor), Men’s Field, Women’s Field and Inter-Lacrosse. Box Lacrosse, which is played on both the amateur and professional levels, is a uniquely Canadian game relying on speed and action. It is played with five runners and a goaltender on a standard sized arena floor.
Collection: THE CANADIAN PRESS/Geoff Robins
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90,000 a) Localization of betting games
The memoirs of Chawatt, a humble wool comber of the era of Louis XIV, lists an astonishing amount of fun in which this Lille worker of the late 17th century participated: ball, lacrosse [591], burloir [592], skittles, swimming , ice skating, crossbow shooting and even “throwing a javelin from a wooden horse” [593].
As a rule, Shawatt plays according to his mood or betting, without any regularity or consistency, his practices are mobile and almost unpredictable: they are never categorized, not seen as something uniform and whole.Not the slightest resemblance to modern sports, the device of which, on the contrary, forms a sphere of unified behavior, subject to a time program and a special calendar that strictly distributes the established competitions throughout the year. There are practically no mentions of special places for these entertainments, the playing field can be the entire urban space: they play ball in the square in front of the church, lacrosse on the snow-covered streets, and shootings take place near the city ditches. But the wool comber never dwells on them in detail, unless it is about the fights and their consequences.In passing, he notes “a large number of people” playing “in different places on the walls of this city” [594], or, at times, “young girls” who climb on a wooden horse [595]. The game is never fully described with all its twists and turns, duration, sequence, beginning and end.
In the classical era, physical games of this kind are divided into two categories: betting games, where the participants make bets, and prize money, where the winner is expected to be rewarded and honored.Two ways to play, two ways to compete, each of which, depending on the social group, has many additional nuances directly related to the social structures of the Old Order.
Numerous bets arise unexpectedly, sometimes as a result of an instant decision: take, for example, the Swiss who, in 1594, having made a bet, with a sword on his side, assault Amiens Cathedral and climbs onto its spire [596]; or a young man who, surrounded by a dozen people, rages in a boat on the Thames on May 1, 1653 – for the spectators gathered on the banks of the river, the conditions of the bet remain unknown [597].More broadly, almost all popular games involve betting, whether it be ball, bowling, snowballs or balls. This is the easiest way to start a game, besides, betting provides it with minimal seriousness, introduces an element of risk, adds tension. In the absence of structures to ensure that players participate in these randomly set-ups, wagering is a real game. It mobilizes the participants: without it, it is impossible to imagine these institutionally unsecured agreements that flourished with the complete arbitrariness of time and place: “You have to play for something, otherwise the game loses interest” [598], as Erasmus said in “Conversations Easily” around 1530 …
A perfect example of this is the handball game. With rare exceptions, in the XVI-XVII centuries it is inconceivable without a money deposit, which is placed at the net. Ballrooms are conceived as gambling houses both in name and function, especially since cards and dice are often played there. According to the patent of Francis I (1545), the winnings are equated to the wages: “Everything that is collected during the game of the ball must be paid to the winner as a reasonable repayment of the debt arising from his efforts” [599].At times, spectators provide financial support to the players, as was the case in 1648, when “market women” brought two hundred crowns to the “gambling house in the Marais-Temple quarter” in support of the Duke de Beaufort [600]. Practices that turn into passion: for example, at the end of the 16th century, Cardinal de Guise took a man into the service solely because of his skill in playing, so that he could give him balls [601]; or, a few years later, Revarol is included in the game, in spite of the wooden leg, and for a while makes it to be forgotten [602].
90,000 Origin stories of famous sports games
Whether you play them or just watch as a spectator, sports are a significant part of many people’s lives. In addition to being a sight to behold, sports games are also linked to the national identity of many countries, being a billion dollar industry.
Have you ever wondered how these sports games originated? Even if you think you know, the most interesting thing is that the origin stories of sports games are filled with myths and legends. Here are the true stories of how these favorite games came to be:
10. Lacrosse
Lacrosse is the oldest sports team game in North America, originating among the Native Americans of East Woodland and some of the Indian tribes of the Great Plains.The game was played by the warriors of the tribe to keep fit. Many of the rules were different from modern lacrosse.
In addition to keeping the warriors in good shape, this game was also important to society, helping to strengthen diplomatic alliances and maintaining social conformity. In addition, they used it as a form of worshiping the gods.
In the 1840s, Europeans became interested in the game, and in August 1844 the first match took place between a team from Europe and the Mohawk Indians.
In 1856, the Montreal Lacrosse Club was formed in Quebec, Canada. After a visit to Montreal by the Prince of Wales in August 1860, the popularity of lacrosse increased even more.
A month after the Prince’s visit, a dentist named William George Beers wrote the first official rules of the game and instructions and replaced the buckskin ball with a rubber version. Since then, the game has grown in popularity and there are currently two professional lacrosse leagues in North America.
9. Golf
The origins of golf are hotly debated. All the credit is attributed to themselves by the Scots and, I must say, they have a certain right to this. The modern education of the game began in the middle of the 15th century in Scotland. The rules of the time included swinging the club over the ball and moving it from point A to point B, using as few moves as possible.
However, there is evidence that the roots of the game go back to the small town of Loenen aan de Vecht in the Netherlands, when the game was played there in 1297.This year was the start of an annual tradition where on Boxing Day (December 26), the townspeople played a game called “colf”. The game consisted of two teams of 4 people who took turns hitting a wooden ball with a wooden stick in the direction of several consecutive targets.
In addition to the 1927 mention of “colf”, there is further evidence of golf-like games played throughout the Netherlands centuries before the first mention of golf in Scottish literature in 1636.However, as stated earlier, there is a heated debate on this issue, and many Scots do not believe that this is true.
8. Hockey (on ice)
Canadians are generally regarded as polite and humble people. However, one thing that many Canadians can proudly and emotionally boast about is that ice hockey is their national heritage. According to them, this is their game. They are the best at it, and they came up with it.
However, according to one book published in 2014, hockey probably originated in England.There are references to this game dating back to the early 1790s, and furthermore, it remains unclear who exactly invented the game. The game is known to have been popular in England for centuries. Famous people who played hockey include King Edward VII and Charles Darwin.
With regard to why the game was named that way, there is a theory that a cork plug was originally used as a puck. Corks were commonly used as stoppers for beer kegs, and the popular drink of the time was hock ale.
The reason Canada is often associated with hockey is because the first public match was staged in Montreal on March 3, 1875. Before that, this game was just played on the occasion.
7. Rugby
The game of rugby allegedly got its start in 1876 when 16-year-old William Webb Ellis, playing football at the Rugby School in Warwickshire, England, picked up the ball and ran together. with him. Unfortunately, this story cannot be true, because Ellis died in 1872, that is, 4 years before the events that are attributed to him.
In reality, the game actually originated in a school in the city of Rugby, and this was facilitated by the head of the school, Thomas Arnold (Thomas Arnold). The rules were first written in 1845 and the game is believed to have grown out of football, but it remains unclear who was the first person to pick up the ball and run with it.
After leaving school, the students who learned the game wanted to continue playing it as adults. This was how the first inter-county games were organized, leading to the formation of the first clubs, which in turn led to the formation of the International Rugby Football Board in 1884.
6. Cricket
For many North Americans, cricket is a bit of a mystery and seems like a rather complicated game. However, cricket is loved in many other countries around the world, attracting billions of spectators. In fact, it is the second most popular sport in the world.
Cricket is believed to have originated in the 13th century in the English countryside, where it was played by shepherds. The goal was the gate of a sheep pen, and a ball made of rags or wool was driven into the target.The opposing player had to use a curved shepherd’s cane to hit the ball and prevent it from hitting the target.
The game gained popularity throughout the region and continued to be played for centuries. The first recorded cricket match (with 11 players on each team) took place in 1697 in Sussex. His prize fund was 50 guineas.
Eight years later, the first inter-counties match took place with the teams of Kent and Surrey.Probably, the rules already existed at that time, but the oldest rules of the game, known to experts, date back to 1744.
5. Tennis
It is believed that even the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans played a peculiar form of tennis. However, the origins of modern tennis date back to around 1000 AD, when monks began to play it in a French monastery. They played with their hands and a wooden ball, so the game was more like volleyball.
The netting was usually a rope stretched across the yard. This is also where the name of this sports game was born. During the game, the monks shouted “shadows” (“tenez”), which in French means “hold!”, While throwing the ball.
Over the next two centuries, the game gained popularity throughout Europe, and by the 13th century there were already 1,800 indoor courts. By 1500, wooden racket frames tied with strings made from sheep’s intestines, as well as balls made of cork, became widespread.
However, this game was significantly different from modern tennis, which appeared in 1873, when the rules of the game were first published. In 1877, the first tennis tournament took place in Wimbledon, at which a decision was made on the form of refereeing and the tennis method of scoring was adopted.
4. Basketball
We bet it came as no surprise to you that Canadians claim to be the inventors of hockey. However, did you know that Canadians actually invented one of America’s most beloved sports games, basketball?
Dr. James Naismith of Almonte, Ontario, was born in 1861.After several years as a lumberjack, he earned a degree in physical education from McGill University in Montreal. After graduation, he moved to the United States, where he got a job at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.
There he was instructed to find a suitable occupation for a group of “irreparable”. Winters in New England were chilly and the boys were forced to stay indoors: they quickly got bored with indoor games they played all day.Naismith developed basketball from a game called “Duck on a Rock”, which he played as a child. Naismith took two fruit baskets from the janitor, which he hung on opposite sides of the gym, and used a soccer ball.
The first game took place on December 21, 1891 and ended 1-0. In the end, holes were cut at the bottom of the baskets, because the janitor was tired of going up the stairs every time to take out the ball.
Since then, the game has grown in popularity and Naismith lived to see basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936 in Berlin. The creator of this sports game passed away on November 28, 1939.
3. Baseball
The most common legend about baseball’s origins is that it was invented in Cooperstown, New York, in the summer of 1839 by Abner Doubleday. Having come up with the game, Doubleday went further and became a hero of the American Civil War.The only problem is that this is not true. In 1839, a man with that name and surname lived in West Point (West Point).
Baseball probably evolved from two English games. The first game, called English rounders, was a children’s game that came to New England with the colonists, and the second was cricket.
The founding year of modern baseball is 1845, when a group of New Yorkers formed the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club.The most influential member of the club was a bank clerk named Alexander Joy Cartwright, who came up with many of the rules that became the foundation of baseball.
2. American Football
The first game, which would eventually become American football, was played between Princeton and Rutgers on November 6, 1869. However, it was more of a football match. After the game, the Yale people developed their own sports game and called it “The Boston Game”.
It looked a bit like football, but if a player was chased by an opponent, he could pick up an oval ball and run with it, or throw it away, or pass it. If a player from the opposing team did not run after him, then he should have kicked the ball.
On May 14 and 15, 1874, the Yale hosted the McGill University team from Montreal, which also had their own set of rules for football. On the first day, they played the Boston Game. On the second day, they played a “McGill version” of football, which had more rugby elements.Each team had 11 players, they played with an oval ball, and the player could pick up the ball and run with it at any moment.
After two games, the Yale team decided they liked the McGill University version better and accepted the rules. Yes, you read that correctly: the fundamentals of American football were developed by a Canadian university.
1. Football
Football is the most popular sports game in the world today, and perhaps because it is an innate part of human life.Games like soccer can be dated as far back as 2500 BC, when people in ancient Egypt kicked a ball during a fertility festival.
In China from 476 to 221 BC people played a game called “jichu”, which roughly translates to “kicking the ball.” The idea of the game was to throw a leather ball stuffed with feathers through a cloth hung between two posts. Players could use any part of their body with the exception of the arms. Warriors played this game to keep fit.
A similar game was also played in ancient Rome. Each team had 27 players and all they had to do was get the ball into the other team’s goal. And since the action took place in ancient Rome, people were often injured and killed while playing, which sounds much more exciting than watching modern football.
Football-like games continued to be played until the Middle Ages, and the modern era of football began in 1863. Then rugby football and football split from each other, and the Football Association was formed in England.This governing body has developed most of the rules and guidelines that gave birth to modern football.
Sports handle with enhanced impact protection and its manufacturing method
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to handles, and in particular to handles of elongated sports equipment or devices, such as an ice hockey stick handle, a field hockey stick handle, a lacrosse and other similar apparatus, and a method their manufacture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In sports where equipment with an elongated handle is used, the handle should ideally be both lightweight and strong. However, these two requirements are often incompatible, as a reduction in weight can lead to a loss of strength and vice versa. Ideally, the grip should be strong enough to withstand the stresses and deformations that occur during use and the impacts it can be subjected to during play.This is especially true for contact sports such as ice hockey, field hockey, lacrosse, women’s field hockey, and more. Ideally, the elongated handles used in these sports should be able to withstand a large number of impacts that can often concentrate on the edges, i.e. at their corners, formed by the two adjacent sides of the handle, and which over time can lead to increasing destruction of the structure of the handle and, as a result, to its premature failure.The same is true for the club hook, which receives a lot of impacts, especially on the top surface.
Hockey sticks, including goalkeeping sticks, field hockey sticks, lacrosse equipment, women’s field hockey sticks and other similar sports sticks may have handles made from a variety of materials including wood, aluminum, plastic and composite materials such as such as fiberglass, graphite and Kevlar ™, or a combination of any such materials. Some handles are solid (i.e.e. not hollow), while others contain four (relatively) thin side walls, forming a peripheral box having a hollow center. Most of the hooks are made in one piece, i.e. not hollow. Alternatively, some of the handles and some of the hooks are of a composite structure containing various layers of laminated core materials. Materials are usually selected for their physical properties in an attempt to improve performance, durability, and more. Some composite handles may have a shorter lifespan but remain popular due to their light weight and excellent rigidity.Wooden handles are cheap, but not very light, stiff, and durable, while aluminum handles can have a relatively short lifespan because they are prone to breaking when bent. The criterion for choosing a material is often price. All of these handles are particularly susceptible to damage along the edges, i. E. where one flank intersects an adjacent flank, often at an angle of 90 °. Shocks often concentrate on these edges, precisely where there is less material to absorb and disperse shocks.The same problem applies to hooks. Finally, handles that are repeatedly hit on the edges wear out quickly and lose their appearance, paint and decals wear off and nicks and dents occur. Some players don’t like their shells looking worn.
Thus, there is a need for a sports equipment handle with improved edge resistance.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sports grip and a manufacturing method for providing additional protection to the edges of the grip to provide shock absorption and resistance.
Brief description of the invention
According to the invention, a sports handle is provided comprising an elongated body having opposing first and second large side surfaces separating the opposing first and second small side surfaces, each large surface having two side large edges located along the length of the elongated of the body, each small surface has two side small edges located along the length of the elongated body, each large edge abuts against the adjacent small edge along its entire length, forming four corners along the longitudinal periphery of the body, while at least one corner contains a longitudinal a groove filled with an elastomeric material and having a first edge located near the large surface and a second edge located near the small surface.
The elastomeric material can be selected from the group consisting of thermosetting elastomeric urethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermosetting elastomer dicyclopentadiene, thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic urethane, silicone, rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene and latex.
The first facet can be located substantially perpendicular to the large surface, the second facet can be located substantially perpendicular to the small surface. The first and second faces can be located perpendicular to the large surface and the small surface.
The elastomeric material may fill a volume defined by a first facet, a second facet, a first plane protruding from and parallel to the large surface, and a second plane protruding from and parallel to the minor surface.
Said groove may be a first groove, and at least one said corner may comprise a second groove, separate and spaced from the first groove and filled with elastomeric material.
The handle can contain two specified corners.
The groove can only be located along the longitudinal part of the specified angle.
The outer shape of the elastomeric material may be wavy.
The first and second faces can be located in the same plane.
The first and second faces can be the same size.
The elastomeric material can fill a volume bounded by the first face, the second face, and an arc segment that begins at the intersection of the first face and the major surface and ends at the intersection of the second face and the minor surface.An arc segment can start on a small surface adjacent to a second face, or on a large surface adjacent to a first face. An arc segment can start on a large surface adjacent to the first face and end on a small surface adjacent to the second face.
At least the first facet or the second facet may contain at least one recess, which can be located longitudinally or perpendicular to the length of the groove.
At least a first facet or a second facet may comprise at least one protruding portion that can be located longitudinally or perpendicular to the length of the groove.
The handle described above may be a hockey stick handle.
In another embodiment, the sports handle comprises an elongated body having opposing first and second large wall components separating opposing first and second small wall components, the first large wall component comprising a first shelf component abutting a first large wall component protruding from of the first large wall component towards the second large wall component and having a first distal end, wherein the first small wall component comprises a second flange component adjacent the first small wall component, protruding from the first small wall component toward the second small flange component and having a second distal end, the first and second distal ends meeting each other to form a groove located on the outer surface of the elongated body and filled with an elastomeric material.
The elastomeric material can be selected from the group consisting of thermosetting elastomeric urethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermosetting elastomer dicyclopentadiene, thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic urethane, silicone, rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene and latex.
The first shelf component may be positioned substantially perpendicular to the first larger wall component. The second shelf component may be substantially perpendicular to the first small wall component.The first and second shelf components may be perpendicular to the first larger wall component and the first small wall component.
The elastomeric material may fill a volume defined by a first flange component, a second flange component, a first plane protruding from and parallel to the first major wall component, and a second plane extending from and parallel to the first minor wall component.
Said groove may be a first groove, and additionally there may be a second groove separate and spaced from the first groove and filled with elastomeric material.
The groove may be located along only the longitudinal part of the elongated body.
The outer shape of the elastomeric material may be wavy.
The first and second shelf components can be the same size.
The elastomeric material may fill the volume defined by the first flange component, the second flange component and the arc segment that begins at the intersection of the first flange component and the first major wall component and ends at the intersection of the second flange component and the first minor wall component.The arc segment may start on a first small wall component adjacent to a second flange component, or on a first larger wall component adjacent to a first flange component. The arc segment may start at a first larger wall component adjacent to the first flange component and end at a first minor wall component adjacent to the second flange component.
At least the first or second flange component may comprise at least one recess, which may be located longitudinally or perpendicular to the length of the groove.
At least the first or second flange component may comprise at least one projecting portion that may be located longitudinally or perpendicular to the length of the groove.
The handle of this embodiment may be a hockey stick handle.
According to the invention, there is also provided a method for manufacturing a sports handle, comprising the following steps: each large surface has two lateral longitudinal edges along the length of the elongated body, while each small surface contains two lateral small edges along the length of the elongated body, each large edge abuts against the adjacent small edge along its entire length, forming four corners along the longitudinal periphery of the body, and at least one corner comprises a longitudinally extending groove having a first edge located near the large surface and a second edge located near the small surface, wherein the first and second edges intersect along the length of the groove;
closing the second mold portion around the pre-formed sports arm;
injecting elastomeric material into a closed mold to fill the cavity with elastomeric material;
Removing the sports handle from the mold.
The elastomeric material can be selected from the group consisting of thermosetting elastomeric urethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermosetting elastomer dicyclopentadiene, thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic urethane, silicone, rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene and latex.
The method may further comprise solidifying the injected elastomeric material at temperatures from room temperature to 290 ° F.
The elastomeric material can be injected into the mold at pressures ranging from 20 to 40 psi.inch.
While the present invention is applicable to handles for various sports (for both players and goalkeepers), it will be described in relation to ice hockey sticks for ease of reference. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the scope of the present invention is not limited to hockey sticks and may include all other projectiles requiring additional strength at their specific locations. Hockey stick handles are typically elongated, often up to 63 inches (1600.2 mm), and have a substantially rectangular cross-section.As indicated above, the hockey stick shaft may comprise a pair of opposing large surfaces spaced apart by the width of a pair of small surfaces, forming a regular parallelogram where both pairs of large and small surfaces are parallel to each other. Large and small surfaces, or some of them, can be substantially flat, concave or convex, or have any combination of such shapes over their entire length or width, or only part of their length or width. Essentially, a surface (large or small) can meet an abutting surface (large or small) at an angle of 90 °.The present invention can be used for hockey stick handles where large and / or small surfaces are not parallel to each other, although such handles are not popular with users and in such hockey sticks small surfaces meet large surfaces at an angle other than 90 °. All or some of the intersections of such surfaces may be sharp, or may be smoothed to give them a (slightly) rounded shape, or they may be chamfered. The present invention is equally applicable to both integral golf clubs (with a hook attached to the handle) and interchangeable handles.Further, the present invention also relates to handles, which may lack large and small surfaces, but which have surfaces (4 or more) of the same size.
The ability of an angle, defined as the intersection of a large surface with a small surface, to withstand impacts during play is reduced by the limited amount of material adjoining the edge on each side of the large or small surface. For example, in a wooden or composite stick, a lack of material (wood or composite) to withstand edge impacts can reduce the grip’s lifespan and maintainability.To compensate for this limitation caused by the geometry of the club, the present invention provides for the use of a more durable material placed on or along one or more edges, and such material may be better adapted to withstand impacts. As indicated above, such materials include, for example, elastomeric materials that have a rubbery consistency and have the ability to deform under stress or impact, thereby absorbing and dissipating impact energy before returning to their original shape.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate cross-sectional views of prior art rectangular handles for sports equipment.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate cross-sectional views of rectangular handles for sports equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate cross-sectional views of rectangular handles for sports equipment according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate detailed cross-sectional views of the groove and damper of FIG.5 and 6, respectively.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate detailed cross-sectional views of another possible groove and damper configuration.
FIGS. 11-14 illustrate cross-sectional views of rectangular handles of sporting equipment according to other embodiments of the present invention, containing different examples of possible groove geometries on all four edges.
FIGS. 15-18 illustrate detailed isometric views of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11-14, respectively.
Figures 19-21 illustrate cross-sectional views of rectangular handles of sporting equipment according to other variants of the present invention, containing various examples of combinations of possible geometry of grooves at all edges or at some edges.
FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate cross-sectional views of rectangular handles for sporting equipment according to other embodiments of the present invention, containing multiple grooves or with full coverage of the handle surface.
FIG. 24 illustrates a detailed isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 22.
FIG. 25 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an octagonal sports apparatus handle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figures 26 and 27 illustrate cross-sectional views of circular handles of sports equipment according to other variants of the present invention, containing grooves partially or completely covering the surface of the handle.
Figures 28-33 illustrate side views of examples of possible positions of shock absorbers on a hockey stick handle.
FIG. 34 illustrates a generalized process flow diagram for making sports equipment handles with an elastomeric material, such as, for example, thermoset elastomeric urethane shock absorbers.
FIG. 35 illustrates an alternative groove design.
FIG. 36 illustrates an alternative cross-sectional view of a hockey stick handle.
Fig. 37 illustrates, on an enlarged scale, the surface of a hockey stick handle groove.
FIG. 38 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention where the shock absorber is mounted on the hook of a hockey stick.
FIG. 39 is a front view of the hook of FIG. 38.
FIG. 40 is a front view of an alternative embodiment of the hook of FIG. 39.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Hockey stick handles are generally elongated, often up to 63 inches (1600.2 mm), and have a substantially rectangular cross-section.In particular, the hockey stick handle may comprise a pair of opposing large surfaces separated by a pair of opposing small surfaces forming a regular parallelogram. Large and small surfaces, or some of them, can be flat, concave or convex, or have any combination of such configurations along their entire length or width, or over a portion thereof. Essentially, a surface (large or small) can meet an abutting surface (large or small) at an angle of 90 °.Hockey stick handles can also have large and / or small surfaces that do not run parallel to each other, although such handles are not widely popular with users. The intersection of these surfaces can be sharp or can be smoothed to give it a slightly rounded shape. The handle can be solid or hollow, filled with foam either along its entire length, or on parts of its length, or solid.
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional example of a prior art hollow composite hockey stick handle 10 having an internal void 11.The handle 10 comprises a pair of opposing large surfaces 2, 4 spaced apart by a pair of opposing small surfaces 6, 8, while the intersection of large surfaces 2, 4 and small surfaces 6, 8 forms an edge (or angle) 13.
Figure 2 shows an example cross-section of a known hockey stick handle 10, containing a pair of opposing concave large surfaces 2, 4 spaced apart by a pair of opposing convex small surfaces 6, 8 forming an edge 13. It is clear that other configurations and geometries of a hockey stick are possible, but they all have a common feature of the presence the edges 13 are made of the same material as the large surfaces 2, 4 and the small surfaces 6, 8, which can be, for example, composite or aluminum in the case of a hollow handle or wood in the case of a solid handle.In addition, the hollow handles can be filled in whole or in part with various types of foam or other materials.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show cross-sectional views of specific embodiments of hockey stick handles 10 of the present invention. The handle 10 has grooves 12 at its edges, which serve as seats for shock absorbers 14. The word “groove” should be understood as synonymous with the words “cavity”, “recess”, “space” and, in addition, it should be understood as meaning any seat, as formed in the handle during the manufacture of the handle, or cut, machined, etc.in the finished handle so that it has the ability to contain the elastomeric material. More specifically, FIG. 3 shows a hollow composite hockey stick handle 10, and FIG. 4 shows a solid hockey stick handle. Both Figures 3 and 4 show bumpers 14 having rounded edges to provide comfort to a user holding a hockey stick handle 10, although bumpers 14 may form a sharp edge as shown in Figure 5 or a flat surface as shown in Figure 5.6. The shape of the shock absorber 14 housed in the groove (or cavity) 12 can vary depending on the need or desire. For example, a hockey stick handle 10 containing four shock absorbers may have two rounded shock absorbers and two sharp-edged shock absorbers. Alternatively, the shock absorber 14 may start near the top of the handle 10, having a particular shape, and this shape may change along the length of the shock absorber 14 as it descends towards the lower end of the handle 10. In particular, the shock absorbers 14 may be knurled or wavy along their length to create marks for the fingers that hold the player’s palms.It will be appreciated that since the shock absorbers 14 are pressurized into the mold, a very large number of combinations of different shapes are possible.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show cross-sectional details of the groove 12 and damper 14 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. The groove 12 contains two surfaces, the first surface (or facet) 22 extending substantially perpendicular to the large surface 4, and the second surface 23 relatively perpendicular to the small surface 8. The first and second surfaces 22 and 23, respectively, of the grooves 12 may intersect at an angle of approximately 90 ° and can have a depth of 0.015 inches (about 0.4 mm) to 0.250 inches (about 6.4 mm) and can range from 0.025 inches (about 0.6 mm) to 0.060 inches (about 1.5 mm).As shown in Fig. 7, the hockey stick handle 10 is shown hollow, namely made of a plurality of thin walls defining the periphery of the handle. As shown in the drawing, the large surface 4 does not extend vertically up to the top in order to be flush with the small surface 8. For its part, the small surface 8 also does not reach the lateral boundary and does not reach the area where it would be flush with the large surface 4. Instead, the first flange component 30 protrudes (i.e., extends) from the end of the first large surface 4, i.e.that is, substantially from the large surface 4 and, as shown, substantially perpendicular to it. The flange component 30 extends from the wall of the handle 10 to its distal end 34. Similarly, the second flange component 32 projects (ie, extends) from the small surface 8 near the end of this surface. Likewise, a shelf 32 extends from the wall of the handle 10 to its distal end 36. As shown, the distal end 24 of the shelf 30 meets the distal end 36 of the shelf 32 to form an L-shaped portion of the outer wall component of the handle 10.However, it will be appreciated that the dimensions of the shelf components 30, 32 may form an inverted L-shape or may be substantially the same size. As seen in the drawing, the geometry of the large surface 4, the small surface 8, the flange components 30, 32 creates a depression (or groove or cavity) 12 substantially at the corner or edge of the handle 10. It is understood that the wall thickness of the handle 10 on a large surface can be substantially identical to the thickness of the flange component 30, or, alternatively, the flange component 30 may have a different thickness.Likewise, the flange component 32 may have the same thickness with the adjacent minor surface, or it may be different. Further, the thickness of the flange component 30 and the flange component 32 may be the same or different from each other. It is understood that the configuration and arrangement of the shelf components 30, 32 may differ from those shown in FIG. 7, for example as shown in FIGS. 9, 12, 13 and 14. FIGS. 7 and 8 show that the first surface 22 and the second surface 23 have different lengths. However, it should be understood that the first surface 22 and the second surface 23 may have the same length or, alternatively, the surface 23 may be longer than the surface 22.
The material used for the shock absorber 14 may be an elastomeric material such as a thermoset elastomeric urethane, although other materials such as a thermoset elastomer dicyclopentadiene, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic urethanes, and the like can be used. The previous list is not exhaustive, and those skilled in the art will understand that these materials can be replaced or supplemented by other elastomeric materials or other combinations of materials that, when combined, acquire elastomeric properties.
The material of the shock absorber 14 can fill the groove 12 in different ways. For example, damper 14 may fill groove 12 such that damper 14 extends flush, i. E. protrudes from the plane of the small surface 8 at the intersection 24 and is flush, i. e. protrudes from the plane of the large surface 4 at the intersection 24. Thus, there is no step both up and down relative to the plane and the small and large surfaces 8, 4. Alternatively, between the small and large surfaces there may be no smooth or uniform transition between the large and small surfaces 4, 8 and shock absorber 14.For example, as shown in FIG. 8, there may be a ridge (i.e., a ridge) 25 that may be formed on a large surface 4 near the intersection with the first surface 22. Alternatively, the shock absorber 14 may have a ridge 25 at both edges, i.e. .e. also close to the small surface 8. In addition, as shown in Fig. 8, the upper surface of the shock absorber 4 may not extend flush with the small or large surfaces 4, 8, but may be rounded or chamfered. Alternatively, shock absorber 14 may comprise a curved or elliptical surface as shown in FIG.9 and 10. Further, the surface of the rounded shock absorber 14, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, can protrude outwardly from the first surface 22 and the second surface 23 so as to significantly extend beyond the small surface 4, creating a geometry similar to that shown in FIG. …
Figure 35 shows an alternative configuration of the handle 10. In this embodiment, there are no shelf components near the large surface 4 and near the small surface 8, instead a groove 12 is formed directly in the side wall 13 and in the side wall 15 of the handle 10.Further, FIG. 36 shows an alternative embodiment, namely the cross-section of the handle 10, which is solid (ie, not hollow), and the grooves 12 are located at its longitudinal corners.
Alternatively, the groove 12 may comprise more than two surfaces, for example, FIG. 9 shows a groove having three surfaces: a first surface 22 substantially perpendicular to a large surface 4, a second surface 23 substantially perpendicular to a small surface 8, and a third surface 26 located between the first surface 22 and the second surface 23, for example, diagonally.However, the third surface 26 may be curved, i. E. concave. The groove 12 may also comprise one surface 26 intersecting the large surface 4 and the small surface 8 at an angle greater than 90 °, as shown in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 10, the angle between the first surface 22 and the second surface 23 is substantially 180 °. Although each of the first surface 22, second surface 23, and third surface 26 is shown substantially flat in the drawings, the present invention may also include variations where one, two, or all three of the first, second and third surfaces 22, 23, 26 may be curved. both longitudinally and transversely, in accordance with the need or desire.For example, surfaces can be either concave or convex. Further, a combination of flat and curved surfaces (i.e. longitudinally curved) as well as a combination of concave and convex shapes (i.e. transversely concave or convex, namely at right angles to the length of the handle) can be used.
In addition, in alternative embodiments, the groove 12, surfaces 22 and 23 may intersect each other at varying angles. For example, FIGS. 11-13 show cross-sections of grooves 12 containing first 22 and second 23 surfaces intersecting at an angle of 90 °, less than 90 ° and more than 90 °, respectively.Figure 14 shows a variant where the groove 12, surfaces 22 and 23 intersect with each other at an angle of 180 °, essentially forming a single surface 26 intersecting both the large surface 4 and the small surface 8. Figures 15-18 show various isometric views of different grooves.
In another alternative, all grooves 12 do not require the same shape as shown in FIGS. 3-6 and 11-14. Figures 19 and 20 illustrate examples of combinations of different geometries of grooves 12 on the same handle 10.On the same handle 10, other combinations of groove 12 geometries are possible besides those shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. In addition, depending on the application, not all edges of the handle 10 require a groove 12 and a shock absorber 14. For example, in FIG. 21 shows an example of a handle 10 having only two grooves 12 and two corresponding shock absorbers. Alternatively, the handle 10 may comprise only one groove 12 and only one associated damper 14 (not shown). Thus, a rectangular handle may require only one groove 12 and one damper 14, or up to four grooves 12 and four damper 14.Each groove 12 may have its own specific geometry, which may be different from one or more of the other grooves 12, or may be the same with all others.
In yet another embodiment, a plurality of grooves 12 may extend laterally in the direction of an adjacent groove so as to completely cover one or more surfaces of the handle 10, either partially or completely, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, thereby creating a shock absorber 14 that can serve as a handle. FIG. 24 is an isometric view of the groove 12 corresponding to FIG.22.
In yet another alternative, the handle 10 does not require a rectangular cross-section, and other geometries may be used. For example, FIG. 25 illustrates an octagonal grip 10 having grooves 12 and bumpers 14 along all edges.
Of course, as in the previous examples of tetrahedral handles shown in FIGS. 3-6 and 19-23, changes in the number and geometry of grooves 12 and dampers apply to handles having more or less than four edges. Further, the handle 10 may have no edges at all, such as the round handle shown in FIG.26 and 27. In such cases, the groove 12 and shock absorber can cover the entire surface of the handle 12, either partially, as shown in Fig. 26, or completely, as shown in Fig. 27, thereby protecting the handle 10 from impact and providing an improved grip.
The grooves 12 and bumpers 14 can be located in several different positions along the handle 10 and can run either along the entire length of the handle 10, or only along a part of its length. Figures 28-33 show examples of the placement of grooves 12 and shock absorbers 14 on a hockey stick 20.The groove 12 and shock absorber 14 may be located at specific locations on the hockey stick 20, as shown in FIGS. 28-31, or along the entire length of the handle, as shown in FIG. 32, or in combination. Alternatively, the handle 20 may have one groove 12 with shock absorbers 14 along the entire length of the handle (as shown in FIG. 32) and a second groove 12 with two shock absorbers 14 spaced apart (as shown in FIG. 28). Many different combinations are possible to suit any requirement.The groove 12 and bumper 14 can cover all surfaces, as shown in FIG. 33, and can extend along any portion of the handle where increased impact protection and / or improved grip is required.
Figure 37 shows on an enlarged scale the first surface 22 and the second surface 23 of the groove 12. As shown in the drawing, on the first surface 22, a group of grooves 40 and 42 is formed. shown) with surface 22.The presence of such indentations can, for example, extend the life of the shock absorber, reduce or eliminate the need for any coupling agents, or substantially improve the maintainability and shock resistance of the shock absorber. Alternatively, as shown in the drawing, surface 23 has a group of protrusions 44 and 46 that project outwardly from this surface. The ridges 44 and 46 can serve the same purpose as the recesses 40 and 42, facilitating the bonding of the elastomeric material to the surface. It will be understood that the geometry, arrangement and configuration of the protrusions 44 and 46 and / or the recesses 40, 42 may vary and, further, it will be understood that not all surfaces 22 and 23 may be provided with them.Further, any of the surfaces 22 and 23 can be provided with depressions and protrusions, or any desired combination. In addition, the depressions and / or protrusions are shown longitudinally, i. E. in the direction of the handle, however, it should be understood that such projections 44 and 46 and recesses 40, 42 may extend transversely or at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the handle. Finally, the projections 44 and 46 and the recesses 40, 42 may be discrete in size and run in a zigzag pattern along surface 22 and / or along surface 23.
Various known materials can be used for the manufacture of shock absorbers. Cast or foamed elastomeric materials may work best. Many such materials are known. In particular, shock absorber 14 can be made from thermoplastic polyurethane sold by the following suppliers: Dow, Bayer, 3M, BASF, and RTP. In addition, shock absorbers 14 can be made from thermosetting polyurethane sold by the following suppliers: DuPont, Bayer, Henkel, BJB Enterprises, General Electric and NuSil, Cytec Innovations.Further, the shock absorbers 14 can also be made from silicone rubber available from Dow Corning, Silicones Inc. and Bayer. Shock absorbers 14 can also be made from polyisoprene (natural rubber) available from Lavelle. Shock absorbers 14 can be made from polybutadiene available from Bayer. Shock absorbers 14 can be made from polyisobutylene available from PRC DeSoto. Further, the shock absorbers 14 can be made from latex available from Dow or DuPont. It is understood that other known and unknown materials can be used as long as they have sufficient elastomeric properties and can adequately bond with the groove 12.Further, any of the above material can be replaced by any other material capable of dissipating impact energy. It is clear that if the handle 10 contains more than one groove 12, each of the grooves 12 may contain a shock absorber made, for example, of one of the above materials so that, for example, the handle 10 may have three grooves 12, each of which is located shock absorber, and all of these shock absorbers can be made from different materials. Further, the groove can contain two or more materials listed above, for example, in a mixture or so that one material is located in a discrete section of the groove, and the other material can be located adjacent to it or at a distance from it.The range of hardness of the material of the shock absorber 14 can be from 10 units on the Shore A scale to 80 units on the Shore D scale, depending on the desired balance between feel, i.e. the softness of the shock absorber 14 and the ability to dissipate energy from the material and its durability.
FIG. 34 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing sports apparatus handles 10 with thermosetting elastomeric shock absorbers 14. The sequence of steps performed is shown by the sequence of blocks 102-114.
In step 102, grooves 12 are formed in the handle 10 of the sports projectile, in which the shock absorbers 14 will be located, for attaching an elastomeric material therein or for filling them with an elastomeric material such as an elastomeric urethane. Their number, location and geometry may vary depending on the specific purpose. In the case of a solid handle 10, such as a wooden hockey stick 20, the grooves 12 in the handle 10 may be machined. Alternatively, in the case of a composite hockey stick 20, the grooves can be made when the handle 10 is molded in a diaphragm-type cure-vulcanizer using a solid tool to define their geometry.The geometry of the tool may contain indentations in the edges or surfaces to form grooves 12. Casting in a diaphragm cure-vulcanizer is a composite process where a prepreg blank is formed using a mandrel. This preform is then heat and pressure cured using an internal diaphragm to apply pressure to the composite prepreg preform. The solid tooling is placed in a heated press, which heats the tool and generates the force necessary to hold the solid tooling closed when the pressure of the inner diaphragm is applied to the composite prepreg blank.Then the handle 10 of a composite sports projectile, obtained in a diaphragm-type cure-vulcanizer, is removed from the tooling and cleaned, i.e. remove excess material. Next, sandblasting with aluminum oxide is carried out to remove the mold release deposited during processing in a diaphragm-type curing machine.
Next, at step 104, the sports equipment handle 10 is rinsed and rinsed to remove any contamination from the surface of the grooves 12 prior to reapplying the elastomeric material (i.e.e. urethane). In the case of a composite handle, a conventional mold release agent can be used for this purpose.
In step 106, after preparing (blowing) and cleaning the grooves 12 of any surface contamination, the areas of grooves 12 that are to be bonded to the elastomeric material are sprayed with a primer for adhesion to the composite and an adhesive for adhesion to the elastomeric material in two separate steps. The primer and adhesive layers can then be cured separately or together, and each of them may not be applied, depending on the level of bond strength required for the finished product, or depending on the properties of the elastomeric material.
Thereafter, in step 108, the cleaned surface-prepared handle 10 is inserted into a specially designed heated aluminum-silicone hybrid tooling to pressurize an elastomeric material such as an elastomeric urethane. The handle 10 is inserted into the tooling, where the aluminum parts position the grooves 12, and the silicone parts (when heated) create a hermetic seal of the grooves 12, leaving a cavity for injecting the elastomeric material into the cavity created between the silicone part of the hybrid tooling and the grooves 12.The handle 10 can be stacked in the aluminum-silicone hybrid tooling such that when the instrument is securely closed, the elastomeric urethane can be pumped through a channel system attached to the aluminum-silicone hybrid tooling. The tool can be provided with multiple injection routes for the elastomeric material, such as one or more injection ports strategically located to maximize the efficiency of the injection process. For example, you can use two or more injection ports, one of which first fills half of the groove 12, and then the second injection port fills the second half of this groove.
The elastomeric material (urethane) can be pumped continuously until it exits through one or more outlet ports, which can be located on top of the tooling. At this point, the injection is stopped and the injection hole is closed with a plug.
Next, at block 110, the hybrid tooling and the cast elastomeric urethane are allowed to cure.
In step 112, after the urethane has cured, the channels are disconnected and excess urethane from the injection systems is recovered and discarded.The handle 10 of the sports equipment is removed from the tooling and any excess urethane build-up is cleaned either mechanically or with a solvent, and the material remaining in the runner channels is removed by cutting, for example, with a curved blade.
Finally, at stage 114, the sports projectile handle 10 is ready for secondary cleaning prior to application of paint and decals. Alternatively, a hook can then be attached to the handle 10.
It should be noted that in the particular embodiment of the handle manufacturing method shown in the block diagram of FIG.34, hard tooling is used, such as aluminum hard tooling made by CNC milling. However, there are many other types of tooling that can be used alternatively, such as using aluminum filled epoxies, soft tooling, and other injection molding methods.
In addition to the above, there are many different ways of attaching shock absorber 14 in groove 12. For example, if an injection molding process is used, thermoplastic elastomers can be used in addition to CNC machines and steel or aluminum tools.If an injection molding process is used, a thermoset elastomer can be used in combination with a CNC machine, steel or aluminum tooling with molded elastomeric silicone. In any case, if any of the following methods are applied: injection molding, compression molding, free casting, vacuum casting, CNC machines and steel and aluminum tooling can be used. Finally, in the case of methods known as secondary bonding, for example with a pre-cured bumper 14 glued or bonded to a groove 12 in the handle, aluminum or steel conductors and fasteners can be used.
The elastomers of the present invention can be cured over a range of temperatures. For example, they can be cured at temperatures from room temperature to temperatures approaching or even exceeding the boiling point of water. Further, in some cases, the upper temperature limit may be the temperature of the phase transition, for example, the carbon fibers of the handle 10 itself, namely 290 ° F (approximately 143.3 ° C). Further, elastomers can be injected into the tooling at various pressures, for example, from 20 to 40 psi.inch (approximately 1.38-2.76 bar). The required combination of temperature and pressure can vary depending on different conditions and the desired end properties, since too fast curing can cause cosmetic problems, while too long curing naturally increases the price of the final product. Ideally, the combination of time, temperature and pressure should allow shock absorbers 14 to have an increased ability to absorb edge impact energy, perhaps 350% more efficiently than a standard composite hockey stick handle with the same geometry, same design, but no shock absorbers 14.In addition to increased edge shock absorption capability, the present invention can provide improved vibration damping. The elastomeric materials of the shock absorber 14 and groove 12 transfer less vibration from club impacts to the player’s hands, resulting in less damage to the player’s joints. Further, the elastomeric bumpers 14 can provide improved grip for the player. The elastomeric nature of the shock absorbers 14 can allow the player to better grip the hockey stick.
It is understood that the curing of the elastomer occurs within the mold.However, it will be appreciated that the curing of the elastomeric material can, in accordance with the elastomeric material itself, take place outside the tooling.
FIG. 38 illustrates another application of the present invention. A hook 50 is attached to the hockey stick handle 10. The hook 50 includes a front portion 52 and a rear portion 54 that abuts the bottom of the handle 10. The hook 50 further comprises an upper surface 53 and a lower surface 55 that contacts ice when the stick is in play. …The upper surface 53 contains a groove that extends substantially along the entire length of the upper surface 53. The groove is filled with a shock absorber 56 designed to absorb impact on the upper surface 53 of the hook 50. Although the shock absorber 56 is shown to extend along only a portion of the upper surface 53, it may extend along its entire length. length. Alternatively, the shock absorber 56 may be mounted on the bottom surface 55.
FIG. 39 is a front view of the hook of FIG. 38 having opposing first and second side edges 60, 61.The upper surface 53 contains two grooves 57 and 59 filled with shock absorbers 56 and 58, respectively. It should be understood that the geometries, configurations and arrangement of grooves 57 and 59 may be similar or even identical to grooves 5 in FIGS. 5-14, and the same types of materials, configurations, shapes, and combinations thereof, may be used for the hook as for the handle. Further, as shown in FIG. 40, the top surface 53 of the hook 50 may not contain a groove, but may simply be provided with a shock absorber 60 disposed across the entire surface.
Various changes and modifications are possible within the framework of the above description, drawings and appended claims.
Write five facts about Israel: natali_ya – LiveJournal
My Canadian friend made a list of “Few facts about Canada”, she has 68 of these facts, I chose only 5 (five), you can read them under the cut.
1. The head of state of Canada is still considered the reigning British monarch (now Queen Elizabeth II) – her representative Governor-General
2.Canada has its own miracle Loch Ness. His name is Ogopogo and it is found in Lake Okanagan.
3. Winter sports are very developed in Canada, and hockey is a national icon. When Canada played against the United States in the final match at the Vancouver Olympics, more than 90% of viewers watched the live stream. It was a very exciting moment.
And yet Canada’s official sport is lacrosse.
4. There are indeed bears walking on the streets of some cities. In a metropolis like Toronto, you can find a deer near the center.Not to mention coyotes. In the north, bears are white
5. The snowmobile was invented in Canada, just like insulin. Canadians also believe that hockey and basketball were invented here, but these facts are vigorously disputed.
I offer everyone a flash mob game.
Five facts about Israel should be written here. It is highly advisable not to look into reference books, but to write what you know. Know less? Write less. At least one fact. But NOT more than five!
I close the comments for two days, so that everyone writes without regard to what others have written.Then it will be interesting to compare: which facts are mentioned by many, which ones are found in one or two people. How different is the choice of facts for the Israelis from those that are not chosen by the Israelis.
After this game is over, if you wish, you can show your answers in your journal and offer your friends the same game.
It seems to me that if the game is played by the Russians, then it is better to ask 5 facts about your city, nevertheless there are people here who write in Russian that for them 5 facts about Russia.
However, at your discretion.
90,000 CANADA’S 151TH BIRTHDAY
THE SOUTH POINT OF CANADA
The southernmost point of Canada is the Ontarian Middle Island, located on Lake Erie, just 150 meters from the water border with the US state of Ohio.
The island is part of Point Pelee National Park and no one lives on it.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
According to the 2011 Census, 1.4 million Aboriginal people live in Canada, which is 4.3 percent of the total population of the country.
Indigenous peoples include Indians, Mestizos and Inuit.
HOW MANY CANADIANS ARE IN THE WORLD?
According to official figures, the population of Canada is 36.5 million inhabitants. Canada is the 38th largest in the world by population, between Morocco and Iraq. 90,017 Canadians make up just under half a percent of the world’s population.
ATLANTIC CEMETERY
The glory of the Atlantic Sable Island, a sandy crescent-shaped island 180 kilometers off the coast of Nova Scotia, is far beyond its size.True, the glory is sad.
The island is famous as the “Atlantic Cemetery”, as about 350 shipwrecks have been recorded near it.
Navigation in the coastal waters of the island is complicated by the presence of two opposite currents: the warm Gulf Stream and the cold Labrador current, which generate whirlpools.
Also, thanks to these currents, the island moves at a speed of 200 m / year, which can also cause navigation errors. Find out its exact topographic location is subject only to satellites.Over the last century of observation, the island has “moved” 20 km to the east.
THEY WERE THE LAST
Despite the fact that Canada – as a country – was born in the 19th century, four of its 13 provinces became part of it only in the 20th century.
Alberta and Saskatchewan became members of the Canadian Confederation in 1905, and Newfoundland only in 1949. Nunavut became the 13th province, seceding from the Northwest Territories in 1999.
NATIONAL SUMMER DISPUTE T
The fact that Canadians and hockey are inseparable concepts is known to the whole world.But lacrosse is considered our national summer sport, and this was officially recorded in 1994.
This game was invented by the Indians, who used it to train warriors and peacefully resolve conflicts between tribes. According to archaeological research, the prototype of lacrosse was known in the territory of modern Canada as early as the beginning of the fifteenth century.
European settlers got acquainted with lacrosse in the 17th century, and by the beginning of the 19th century it began to gain popularity among the French population of Canada.The country’s first official lacrosse match took place in 1867.
The Canadian Lacrosse Association was founded in the same year and is the oldest in the world.
NWMP – “PROFESSOR” RCMP
Prior to the birth of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in Canada from 1873 until 1920, there was the North West Mounted Police (NWMP), designed to enforce the law in the Northwest Territories ( including then Alberta, Saskatchewan, a significant part of Manitoba and Nunavut), establish friendly relations with the Indians and open land for settlement.
Its creation and deployment became necessary due to the American whiskey traders advancing on Canadian soil, creating problems and leading to the extermination of the population.
In the 1880s, the NWMP assumed responsibility for assisting the Canadian army in quelling a mestizo uprising in what is now Saskatchewan. And in 1898, she was entrusted with control of the Klondike gold rush in the Yukon.
CANADIAN TROOPS IN RUSSIA
Yes, this happened once.
At the end of 1918, during the Russian Civil War, Canadian troops (4,000 units) landed in Vladivostok.They practically did not take part in any battles and in mid-1919 they were returned to their homeland.
PUTIN – CANADIAN’S MOST FAMOUS DISH
Poutine is a national Quebec (and later – Canadian) dish consisting of French fries sprinkled with young cheese curds and drizzled with a lightly sweetened garnish.
Putin appeared in the Quebec countryside in the 1950s. There are several versions of the appearance of this dish.
According to the most common version, Putin first appeared in 1957 at the Le lutin qui rit restaurant in Warwick, Central Quebec.One of the restaurant’s guests named Jean-Guy (or Eddie) Laness ordered a plate of French fries from the owner named Fernand Lachance, and then suddenly decided to sprinkle it with young cheese.
According to another version, Putin was first served at the restaurant Le roy Jucep, which opened in 1964 in the city of Drummondville, Central Quebec. Its owner, Jean-Paul Roy, assured that it was he who invented Putin. The name of the dish allegedly comes from the nickname of the chef who worked in the restaurant – Ti-Poo. This is also stated on the official website of the restaurant that still exists today.
The Quebec cities of Nicolet and Saint-Hyacinthe are also called the birthplace of Putin. There are a large number of cheese factories in their area producing grated cheddar cheese, which could also explain the appearance of Putin.
Another legend has it that Putin may have hailed from Princeville in Central Quebec. In 1966, La P’tite Vache opened next door to a cheese factory that was experiencing problems with sales. The dairy had arranged to sell the grated cheese at the restaurant’s checkout, so a customer could buy a plate of French fries and sprinkle it on their own.
As for the name of the dish, it is known that in the 1950s and 1960s in Quebec, the English word pudding was used to refer to any dish in which many different components were mixed. Back in 1880, the Canadian journalist and lexicographer Oscar Dunn published the book “The French-Canadian Glossary and Dictionary of Distorted Expressions Used in Canada”, which also contains the word Putin in the sense: Putin is a distorted English “pudding”.
RECORD NUMBER OF GOLD MEDALS
Canadian Olympians participated in all Winter Olympics, but only in 2010 won a record number of gold medals – 14.
Winter Olympics were held in Canada twice – in 2010 in Vancouver and in 1988 in Calgary.
Canada hosted the Summer Olympic Games only in 1976 (Montreal).
BASKETBALL – CANADIAN INVENTION
Although basketball is not a national Canadian sport and is more popular in the United States, it was the Canadian who invented the sport.
In 1891, at the YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts, a young Canadian teacher named James Naismith set the course for a new sport by asking a school staffer to nail two peach baskets to a gymnastic balcony opposite each other.It happened on December 1, 1891.
BIGGEST SHIP SINKED IN GREAT LAKES
The US freighter Edmund Fitzgerald was the largest ever cruised the Great Lakes. It also became the largest ever trapped in these waters. It happened during a storm on November 10, 1975 in Lake Superior.
NORTHERN CANADIAN POPULATION
Grise Fiord, in the south of Ellesmere Island is the northernmost Canadian settlement.
Despite the fact that only 129 people live here, the village even has a local RCMP office. You can get here only by air or by water when the ice melts.
FIRST COSMONAUT IN CANADA
Marc Garneau became him. Born in Quebeque, he took part in three space missions aboard NASA’s space shuttles. By the time Mark Garneau left the astronaut corps in February 2001, his total flight duration was 29 days 2 hours 00 minutes 15 seconds.
On November 4, 2015, Marc Garneau was appointed Minister of Transport of Canada in the government of Justin Trudeau.
And the first Canadian woman to be in space (1992) was Ontario-born Roberta Bondar.
SPACE INVENTIONS
The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), better known as Canadarm, are the first generation robotic manipulators created by the Canadian Space Agency. Used on shuttles to move cargo in space.A total of 5 such manipulators were built.
The Canadarm was first used aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia during the STS-2 mission in 1981. During operation, he participated in 50 missions and made 7000 revolutions around the Earth, having completed
without a single failure.
CANADA’S HIGHEST BUILDING
Toronto’s 553-meter CN Tower is considered the tallest building in Canada.
A POINT OF PHOTOGRAPHERS
There are many lighthouses in Canada, but the Peggy’s Cove Lighthouse in Nova Scotia, a symbol of the country’s Atlantic region, is one of the most photographed in Canada.
18 UNESCO SITES
Canada has 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These include 8 cultural sites, including Old Quebec City and Lunenburg in Nova Scotia, and 10 natural attractions such as Mistaken Point in Newfoundland and Labrador and Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta.
THE LONGEST HIGHWAY IN THE WORLD
The Trans-Canada Highway is the longest expressway in the world. It starts from the city of St. John’s in Newfoundland and Labrador and ends in Victoria, our provincial capital.
The total length of the road is 7.821 kilometers.
See more
90,000 In which country was the modern team game invented,
The first reportage about this “Indian venture” was brought to Europe by H. Columbus, a traveler known for his unsuccessful search for India.
This is a modern American game of lacrosse, or, as the Cherokee Indians of the Midwest called it, Baggataway.
In a loose translation, this means “the younger brother of war.” It is easy to be convinced that this is exactly the case by looking at least at the ammunition of the lacrosse squad – helmets that capture a good part of the face, elbow pads, knee pads, belly pads and even back pads. And rackets with long handles – neither give nor take halberds or reeds.
Native American tribal elders believed that Baggatawey forged strong, uncompromising characters. Moreover, it is very useful for the health of those who remain alive and well after the match.The competition during it lasted up to two days in a row, and sometimes all the wealth of the tribe – cattle, pastures, watering places – was at stake. Needless to say, such a game “for fun” caused some excitement. The players (their number, by the way, was not limited) were also encouraged by the fact that the fans, standing at the edge of the field with tomahawks in their hands, were ready in case of biased refereeing or few other complications to get involved in the case.
Unlike modern lacrosse, baggataway players competed only in loincloths.The champions were rewarded with a special feather headdress, and they were held in no less respect than the current centers of attack of the national teams.
June 4, 1763 during the Seven Years’ War (1756 – 1763). Two Indian tribes, led by the chief of the Ottawa tribe Pontiac, an ally of the French, invited the British, who had become a garrison on the lands taken from the Indians in Fort Michilimakinak, Michigan, to arrange an exhibition match in honor of King George III. The British, as true athletes, agreed with pleasure.In the midst of the game, the ball accidentally flew over the wall of the fort. The commandant, getting excited, ordered to open the gate and get the ball. But as soon as the guards finished the gates, the Indians grabbed battle axes instead of rackets and killed the entire garrison.
This made the British to be wary of the sports hobbies of the Indians. Soon the Baggataway was banned. It was only recently that a modified baggataway named lacrosse entered the sports roster of American college students.
Lacrosse was included in the program as a demonstration sport and not an official event of the Olympic Games in 1928, 1932 and 1948.
http: //sportguide.kiev.ua/articles/1199-lakross-i -…
http://lara.gorod.tomsk.ru/index-1344263020.php
http: //www.vokrugsveta .ru / vs / article / 4396/
https://www.proza.ru/2016/04/06/1618
Blitz-fax across Canada – 4.
Good afternoon to everyone who is interested in life in Canada, for the time of the blitz-fax.Briefly and quickly about the accumulated. Three blitz-faqs that preceded today’s one are here, here and here. Let’s get down to business quickly.
A weekend in Canada?
The question could be caused by a strange system of displaying the days of the week in calendars when the week starts on Sunday. I myself do not understand this, because here the weekend is called Saturday and Sunday, and the week starts on Monday. In short, Canada has the same two days off as Russia. Saturday and Sunday.
Well, and, perhaps, it’s time to mention the BBoard message board for those who need to buy building materials. Here you can sell not only building materials, but also tailoring services, furniture, pets, electronics and everything else.
Canada is Orthodox.
The Orthodox Church in Canada is represented, how could it be otherwise, with such huge, often, communities from countries where Orthodoxy is the dominant religion. There are churches and parishes.It should be borne in mind that when speaking of the Orthodox Church, one can mean the Greek Church, the Lebanese Church, and even Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt.
Canada – what does it mean?
As we all already know, Canada means “settlement” or “village” in the local Iroquois dialect. This is how the French explorer Jacques Cartier marked the settlement of Stadacon (in the area of present-day Quebec) on the map. Later, he also began to designate with this word not only the village, but the entire region.From that it began.
Which is the capital of Canada?
We in Russia are used to the fact that the capital is the largest city. Conversely, the largest city is the capital. And in some countries it is different. The largest city in Canada is Toronto, but the capital of Canada is Ottawa. That, we agree, is very convenient. The huge metropolis of Toronto lives its own life, and Ottawa is a city of senators, officials and other parliamentarians.
Cigarettes in Canada?
It’s not easy for smokers in Canada.Smoking is allowed a little more than anywhere else. Cigarettes are very expensive. On the packages are creepy photos of tumors and other gangrene. They are sold only from under the counter, in the truest sense of the word. They are not on the counter, you have to ask the seller. ?
So quit smoking. ?
Canada’s official national summer sport.
We all know that in winter sports Canada few countries will compete. In the summer, there is a lull, and even the summer Olympics are not particularly ambitious.So, it would seem, strain here with summer sports. H, it’s probably lacrosse and softball.
