Mastering Girls Lacrosse Offensive Plays: Strategies for High School Success

What are the key elements of effective offensive plays in girls lacrosse. How can high school teams improve their transition game. What are the essential components of a settled attack in women’s lacrosse. How can coaches develop successful offensive strategies for their team.

The Fundamentals of Offensive Transition in Women’s Lacrosse

Offensive transition is a crucial aspect of girls lacrosse that can significantly impact the outcome of a game. To execute an effective fast break, teams should focus on three key elements:

• Speed: Both on-ball and off-ball movement should be quick and purposeful
• Positioning: Low attackers should aim for the pipes to create scoring opportunities
• Ball movement: Passing the ball ahead is often faster than running with it

Proper spacing is essential during transition. By spreading out the defense, teams can create longer slide distances and cause confusion. It’s important to avoid straight-line runs and instead use clear-through movements to create isolations.

How can teams practice transition effectively? Some valuable drills include:

1. 3-spot from the 50-yard line
2. Touch-back drill
3. Build-up drill with no defense
4. 3v1 touch-back drill

Transitioning from Fast Break to Settled Offense

After a successful transition, teams have several options to initiate their settled offense. Three effective methods include:

1. Slow-break: A quick option before the defense fully settles
2. Backdoor cut from the wing
3. Small stack formation from the top

Getting the ball behind the goal is a safer option but can become predictable if overused. Alternatively, teams can settle and spread, ensuring every player gets a touch before moving into a set play or motion offense.

Building a Strong Foundation for Settled Offense

A successful settled offense in girls lacrosse relies on several key factors:

Player Roles and Positioning

Coaches should assign specific roles to attackers and midfielders based on their strengths. The three basic player types are:

• Drivers
• Feeders
• Cutters

Positioning these players in spots that maximize their abilities is crucial for offensive success.

Offensive Formations and Plays

When designing offensive sets, coaches should consider the following:

• Maintain a player in the middle to prevent a simple shell around the 8-meter arc
• Develop plays that set players up for success and utilize deception
• Keep plays simple and tailored to the team’s strengths

Offensive Pace and Philosophy

Coaches must determine their team’s offensive philosophy. This could range from a fast-paced “run and gun” style to a more controlled, deliberate approach. Players should be required to demonstrate their ability to adapt and make decisions within the chosen system.

Advanced Scoring Techniques in Women’s Lacrosse

To create a diverse and effective offense, teams should focus on multiple scoring methods:

1v1 Dodges

Individual dodges can be powerful weapons in girls lacrosse. Some effective dodging techniques include:

• Top dodge (left/right)
• Wing dodge (under/over)
• Crease rolls (under/over)

Feeding and Cutting

Precise feeding and well-timed cuts are essential for creating scoring opportunities. Key concepts include:

• Same-side and opposite post feeds
• High-to-low vs. low-to-high feeds
• Backdoor and frontdoor cuts
• Post-back and draw-and-dump techniques

When executing feeds, players should avoid sidearm passes to maintain accuracy and power.

Implementing Two-Player Game Concepts

To add complexity and creativity to the offense, coaches can introduce two-player game concepts:

• Flip and fake-flip movements
• Pick and roll (both on-ball and off-ball)
• Screen and roll (both on-ball and off-ball)
• Crease play (“cat and mouse” tactics)

These advanced techniques can help break down defenses and create scoring opportunities when executed properly.

Progressive Teaching Methods for Offensive Skills

When introducing new offensive concepts, coaches should use a progressive teaching approach. For example, to teach a simple backdoor cut:

1. Start with one feeder behind the goal and one cutter on the wing
2. Practice passing from feeder to cutter without defense
3. Introduce a traveling feeder, still without defense
4. Add defense on the ball carrier
5. Finally, add defense on both the ball carrier and the cutter

This step-by-step method allows players to gradually build their skills and understanding of the play.

Developing a Comprehensive Offensive Strategy

To create a well-rounded offensive strategy, coaches should consider the following elements:

Balancing Set Plays and Motion Offense

While set plays can be effective, relying too heavily on them can make an offense predictable. Incorporating elements of motion offense allows for more creativity and adaptability during gameplay.

Emphasizing Off-Ball Movement

Effective off-ball movement is crucial for creating space and opportunities. Coaches should design drills that focus on cutting, screening, and creating passing lanes without the ball.

Adapting to Defensive Strategies

Teams must be prepared to adjust their offensive approach based on the defensive tactics they face. This may include strategies for breaking zone defenses, handling aggressive man-to-man coverage, or exploiting mismatches.

Utilizing the Entire Field

Encourage players to use the full width and depth of the field to stretch the defense and create more opportunities for penetration and scoring.

Integrating Midfield Play into the Offensive System

Midfielders play a crucial role in bridging the gap between defense and attack. To maximize their impact on offense:

Transition Involvement

Design plays that involve midfielders in the transition game, allowing them to push the pace and create numerical advantages.

Dodging from Up Top

Utilize midfielders’ speed and agility by incorporating dodges from the top of the offensive formation, creating opportunities for shots or feeds.

Re-defending

Train midfielders to quickly transition back to defense if a turnover occurs, preventing fast break opportunities for the opposing team.

Tailoring Offense to Player Strengths

Every team has a unique set of players with different strengths and weaknesses. To create the most effective offense:

Player Assessment

Conduct thorough evaluations of each player’s skills, including their shooting accuracy, passing ability, speed, and field vision.

Custom Play Design

Develop plays and formations that highlight the strengths of your key players while minimizing their weaknesses.

Flexible Roles

Allow players to experiment with different positions and roles within the offense to discover hidden talents and create versatility in your attack.

Incorporating Advanced Shooting Techniques

To increase scoring efficiency, coaches should focus on teaching a variety of shooting techniques:

Quick Stick Shots

Practice catching and shooting in one fluid motion to beat goalies before they can set up.

Bounce Shots

Teach players to use the bounce shot effectively, especially on wet fields or against goalies who play high in the crease.

Off-Hand Shooting

Emphasize the importance of being able to shoot with both hands, making players more unpredictable and difficult to defend.

Shooting on the Run

Develop players’ ability to shoot accurately while moving at full speed, a crucial skill for capitalizing on transition opportunities.

Enhancing Team Chemistry and Communication

A successful offense relies heavily on strong team chemistry and effective communication. To foster these elements:

Verbal and Non-Verbal Cues

Establish a system of calls and signals that allow players to communicate quickly and efficiently during play.

Trust-Building Exercises

Incorporate team-building activities off the field to strengthen relationships and improve on-field chemistry.

Film Study Sessions

Regularly review game footage as a team to identify areas for improvement and celebrate successful plays.

Adapting Offense for Different Game Situations

Coaches must prepare their teams to adjust their offensive strategy based on various game scenarios:

Playing with a Lead

Develop a more controlled, possession-oriented offense to maintain a lead and manage the clock effectively.

Coming from Behind

Implement aggressive, high-risk/high-reward offensive strategies to quickly generate scoring opportunities when trailing.

Man-Up Situations

Design specific plays to take advantage of player-up scenarios, maximizing the potential for high-percentage shots.

End-of-Game Tactics

Practice last-minute offensive sets and plays to prepare for crucial late-game situations.

Developing a Culture of Offensive Creativity

To build a truly dynamic offense, coaches should encourage creativity and innovation among their players:

Freestyle Practice Sessions

Dedicate time in practice for players to experiment with new moves, passes, and shot types without fear of making mistakes.

Player Input

Involve players in the process of developing new plays and strategies, fostering a sense of ownership and engagement in the offense.

Rewarding Innovation

Recognize and celebrate players who successfully implement creative solutions during games, encouraging others to think outside the box.

Utilizing Technology for Offensive Improvement

Modern technology can be a valuable tool for enhancing offensive performance:

Video Analysis Software

Use advanced video analysis tools to break down offensive possessions and identify areas for improvement.

Shot Tracking Devices

Implement shot tracking technology to gather data on shooting accuracy and player tendencies.

Virtual Reality Training

Explore the use of VR systems to provide players with additional repetitions and decision-making practice in a controlled environment.

By incorporating these advanced concepts and strategies into their offensive system, high school girls lacrosse teams can develop a more dynamic, effective, and adaptable attack. Coaches should focus on building a strong foundation of fundamental skills while also encouraging creativity and innovation among their players. With dedication to continual improvement and a willingness to adapt to new ideas, teams can elevate their offensive performance and achieve greater success on the field.

The Basics of Offense in Women’s Lacrosse

Presentation on theme: “The Basics of Offense in Women’s Lacrosse”— Presentation transcript:

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The Basics of Offense in Women’s Lacrosse
Greg Danto Assistant Women’s Coach, George Mason University

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About me High school player High School coach Reservoir (4yr)
Mt. Hebron (4yr) Club Coach M&D 2016 Black (3yr) College Coach George Mason University (2yr)

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What I’d like to cover An interactive look into some basic principles of offense beginning with transition and ending with the re-defend, and everything in between.

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What are three things we should be looking for in our fast break?
Fast Breaking What are three things we should be looking for in our fast break?

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Fast Breaking cont’d Speed is key. Both on-ball and off.
Low attackers should get to the pipes. Ball moves faster than the girl, so look to pass the ball ahead to create better numbers. Spacing. The further the defense is apart, the further the slides become. Create confusion for defense but avoiding all straight-line runs. Clear through to create an isolation. Value the ball by making good decisions. A turnover in transition can be deadly.

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Transition Drills 3 spot from the 50 Touch-back Drill Build-up No D
Carrying behind 3v1 Touch-back Drill

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Options after Transition
What comes next? Let’s find three ways to get into our settled offense.

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Options after Transition, cont’d
Getting the ball behind is safer but can become monotonous. Slow-break A quick option before the defense fully settles. Backdoor from the wing Small stack from the top Settle and spread (getting everyone a touch) Getting into motion or set

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Basic Offense Having spots for the girls Roles
Attackers and midfielders (where they should go?) Inside girls Roles What are the strengths of each girl? Set them up for success. 3 basics: drivers, feeders, cutters What spots are best for these qualities?

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Basic Offense, cont’d Sets Plays Pace Giving direction Formations
Have someone in the middle. Don’t just shell the 8m Plays Setting up for success. Using deception. Playing to strengths. Keep it simple. Pace What is your philosophy? Run & gun Slow down Players should have to prove they can ad lib. Giving direction If coaches see in HD, players see the game like this…

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Settled Attack Play to your strengths
Ways to score (there aren’t that many) 1v1 Feeding/cutting Play to your strengths

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Settled Attack cont’d 1v1s (dodging and the men’s game)
Top dodge (left/right) Wing dodge (under/over) Crease rolls (under/over) Feeding (avoid sidearms!) Same-side Opposite post High to low vs. Low to high Cutting (at speed, always do your homework) Backdoor Frontdoor Post-back Draw and dump (set up with crease roll)

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Two-man games Next Level Flip/Fake-flip
Pick and roll (on-ball and off) Screen and roll (on-ball and off) Crease (cat and mouse)

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Teaching by Progression
Start Small and Build: Discussing ways to teach a simple backdoor. WORK BOTH SIDES. One feeder behind, one cutter on the wing Feeder passing to cutter, no defense Traveling feeder, no defense Defense on-ball Defense on-ball and on cutter

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Finishing Teaching girls about the shooting sweet spots
Understanding goalies and what they are trying to do Changing levels Faking Power v Finesse Being two-handed The proper mechanics of shooting Practice practice practice

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8 meters Knowing the best hashes Knowing yourself
Knowing the defense and goalie Seeing the 8-meter Angles Seeing behind Fastest first two steps wins

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Redefending LAS (Lazy Attacker Syndrome)
Fight the urge to allow an attacker to cover the goalie or the trail defender. If they do, make sure they track back All attackers redefend for 70 yds. They should all end at the far restraining line. Attackers should shift towards ball-side. No use covering the far end of the field

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Examples of Offense Let’s draw up a few examples of a motion offense
3-2-2 4-1-2

Girls’ lacrosse Top 10: Madison’s offense is chaotic. And that’s by design.

The Madison Warhawks don’t have set plays to fall back on when the offense stalls. They don’t rely on signals from the sideline. By their own coach’s admission, they’re not organized.

And that’s just how they like it.

Playing in a free-flowing offense, the Warhawks (7-0) are scoring at will and off to a red-hot start this spring. As first-year Coach Jean Counts put it, the “dogs are off the leash.”

“We’re not predictable. We just flow on offense,” said Logan Hanton, a senior co-captain. “I think that’s why we’re going to do so well this year.”

Madison’s talent has shined in the new system, reaping the benefits and experience gained during last year’s 12-3 campaign playing in the more structured offense. With the additional year of continuity, the Warhawks have taken a leap forward this spring.

Players such as junior attack Zoe Dyer and junior midfielder Carly Rogers have capitalized on the newfound offensive freedom, helping the Warhawks score 119 goals through seven games.

Chemistry is what makes the offense work, Hanton said. The players have been together long enough that they know each other’s tendencies and can generate scoring chances without a playbook.

“We know if Zoe [Dyer] gets the ball, get out of the way. “We know that Anya [Saponja] likes to cut in and get the pass,” Hanton said. “This freedom and this no-play thing, it’s not gonna work unless every player on the field knows every other player.”

Madison has been a mainstay near the top of the Virginia lacrosse standings, but the players have their sights set on a state title this spring. While each win this season has been decided by double-digit margins, the Warhawks have several tough tests remaining on their regular season schedule, including Saturday’s game against Counts’s former team, Oakton — she coached the Cougars for 19 seasons — and an April 25 game against Langley (7-0).

“We still need to improve on just not forcing it, and talking more,” Dyer said. “We need to work on playing that full 50-minute game.” 

Marriotts Ridge, despite losing key pieces, is poised for a big year

Marriotts Ridge started its season with a six-goal win over Centennial, but senior midfielder Lily Kennedy felt that something was still off. 

Even though the Mustangs scored 13 goals, Kennedy thought they played nervous offensively. The ball didn’t move as crisply as it should have. The looks weren’t quite clean enough.

That all changed in a 16-5 win over South River on Tuesday, in which Kennedy netted a game-high four goals. The offense found a rhythm while No. 7 Marriotts Ridge (2-0) was guided by its stingy back line (n.), back-line (adj.). The Mustangs are replacing two starters on defense, in the midfield and on their attack, and Coach Amanda Brady is taking the long view with her team.

Brady is naturally preparing them for each individual challenge, but also preaching that they need to peak in May instead of March. The Mustangs fell to Glenelg in the 3A/2A South Section I finals last year, and are again competing with the No. 5 Gladiators atop Howard County.

“I really like where we are after the South River win,” Kennedy said. “It felt how it should feel, and I think we’re ready to put all the pieces together moving forward.”

The Post Top 10

St. Stephen’s/St. Agnes is outscoring opponents 81-29 … Georgetown Visitation beat Bishop Ireton, 10-6, then defeated Collegiate School (Va.) and Hinsdale Central (Ill.) … Good Counsel fell to Agnes Irwin (Pa.), 13-12 and faces Bishop Ireton Thursday … Glenelg has double-digit victories over Mount Hebron, Howard and Centennial … Langley defeated Hayfield and Battlefield by a combined 28 goals … Glenelg Country School has victories over Severn, Lake Highland Prep (Fla. ), Lassiter (Ga.) and St. Paul’s.

1. St. Stephen’s/St. Agnes (5-0) Last week: 1

2. Georgetown Visitation (3-0) LW: 9  

3. Good Counsel (3-1) LW: 3

4.  Bishop Ireton  (3-2) LW: 2

5. Robinson (3-0) LW: 4

6. Glenelg (3-0) LW: 5

7. Marriotts Ridge (2-0) LW: 6

8. St. Mary’s-Annapolis (4-1) LW: 8

9. Langley (7-0) LW: NR

10. Glenelg Country School (4-0) LW: NR

Dropped out: No. 7 Severna Park (1-1), No. 10 Severn School (3-3)

On the bubble: Holy Cross (3-2), Madison (7-0), Southern (2-0)

Records through Tuesday.

Lacrosse Offenses

Lacrosse is a game of offense against defense. The team with the ball is on offense. Players on offense are called offensive players, attackers or the attack. At even strength, the attack has six players working together on offense, including three attackers and three midfielders. In this tutorial, we will learn more about the lacrosse offense.

Lacrosse Offense Objectives

When the attack is on offense, they have the following objectives:

• Maintaining possession
• Managing the shot clock
• Running plays and moving the ball around the attack area
• Shooting and scoring goals

The offense uses passing, catching, driving, cutting and feeding to create scoring opportunities and maintain possession. All players on the offense must work together and communicate to make the offense run smoothly. The head coach and offensive coordinator help design plays and train the attack to run as a unit, rather than six individual players with different objectives.

Lacrosse Transitions

If the attack scores a goal, the players reset and prepare for a face-off. If the defense wins possession with a goalie save or caused turnover, the attacking players attempt to win the ball back by riding the opposing defenders. A ride is when the attacking players quickly transition on to defense on a clear or turnover to try and pin the defense in their own half and slow down the fast break. At halftime, there is a change of goals. Teams switch the goals that they are defending, and the offense must adjust to moving in the opposite direction.

Rules to Remember

In addition to running plays and keeping possession, there are a few rules that the offense must keep in mind to avoid a technical penalty. These include:

Shot Clock

The shot clock in lacrosse is a clock that tracks how much time the offensive team has remaining to take a shot on goal. In men’s field lacrosse, the shot clock is 80 seconds from the time the offensive team gains possession of the ball, and the offensive team must have the ball within their offensive half within the first 20 seconds of the 80-second shot clock. In indoor lacrosse, the shot clock is 30 seconds from the time the offensive team gains possession. There is no shot clock in Women’s lacrosse.

Offsides

Offsides in lacrosse is a penalty that results from a team having too many players across the restraining line in either their offensive or defensive half. In women’s lacrosse, the offense is deemed offside if they have greater than seven players in the offensive or defensive area. In men’s field lacrosse, the offense is deemed offside if they have more than six attackers in their offensive half or more than seven defenders in their defensive half. This includes players in the penalty box.

Stalling

A stall in lacrosse is when the team in possession of the ball uses the time clock to their advantage in order to preserve their lead. During a stall, the offense will often bring the ball behind the cage to force the defensemen to chase and put pressure on the ball handler. Unless the defense pressures out towards the perimeter, the stalling team can simply stand with the ball without being forced to make passes or attempt a shot on goal.

Types of Lacrosse Offenses

There are four main types of offense in lacrosse:

• Settled Offense
• Motion Offense
• Transition Offense
• Zone Offense

Settled Offense

In settled offense, the attack has possession in their scoring half and the defensive side has had time to set up a zone defense or man to man defense. The pace in a settled situation is slower than a fast break. During settled offense, teams will often run set plays.

Motion Offense

A motion offense in lacrosse is an offensive system that uses quick passes between attacking teammates and continuous player movement. It can be a very successful offense when executed well because the defense has to work hard to follow both the ball and players always on the move.

Transition Offense

In transition offense, the offense aims to take advantage of unsettled situations to create a fast break opportunity.

Zone Offense

The zone offense in lacrosse is an offensive formation strategy where attacking players spread themselves out across the offensive area and play within assigned zones. Examples of zone offenses include a 2-2-2 formation or a 2-3-1 zone offense.

How the weave motion transformed SU into perennial offensive powerhouse

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Down one goal after trailing for nearly 51 minutes against Virginia, SU turned to its go-to offense — what head coach Gary Gait refers to as the “weave.”

Megan Carney curled from the left side to meet Meaghan Tyrrell at the center, who mirrored the motion from the opposite side. With a defender pressed against her, Carney flipped the ball to her teammate and set a screen. Meaghan Tyrrell charged into the middle of the 8-meter arc for the goal. She tied the game at 11, sparking a 4-0 run at the end of the second half.

Gait has been adjusting the offensive scheme for the past three years. Its original purpose was to capitalize on the strengths of stars such as Emily Hawryschuk and help them combat double teams and reduce charge calls, he said. Without Hawryschuk — the leading scorer from 2018, 2019 and 2020 — and now potentially without Carney due to injury, SU continues to turn to its weave this season.

The Orange have relied on the weave during all 12 of their regular season wins. They’ve done the same in years prior, though Gait said he tries to tweak the offensive set based on personnel. It’s engraved in the identity of the team, one that averages 15.6 goals per game in 2021 and one that’s built the Orange into an offensive powerhouse.

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“I’ll be honest, I created it to help Emily out as a player,” Gait said of the scheme’s conception. “I put my thinking hat on and tried to come up with some motion.”

The offensive set starts with SU’s attacks spiraling around the 8-meter from opposite sides, with each player at varying depths. The goal is to cross paths and confuse the defense. They flip the ball back and forth, inching closer to the cage with every pass.

Next comes the opening: a backdoor cut, dodge or pick-and-roll. With SU’s 78.7% shot-on-goal percentage, the ball likely finds its way into the back of the net.

Former Syracuse attack Nicole Levy, now an assistant coach at University of Colorado, used the set during her final season at Syracuse in 2019. The weave isn’t tailored to a single person, like Hawryschuk, she said. Instead, it opens up scoring options for all of SU’s attacks.

The weave’s flexibility has allowed SU to adjust despite lineup changes and injuries — including those that occured this season — as it allows players to quickly get plugged in, Levy said.

During the offseason, Levy trained with freshman Emma Ward. The current attack has 42 points through 14 games, good for the third-most on SU.

“(Ward) jumped right into that offense and immediately made an impact,” Levy said. “She’s running the offense exactly how she’s supposed to.”

Ward filled the vacancy Hawryschuk left on attack and became a tenet in the weave. Her breakout performance came in a four-goal, one-assist outing against Duke on March 6. On Ward’s third goal, Morgan Alexander started the weave motion and carried her defender out of the 8-meter arc. Then, Ward curled from the left side and received a pass from Meaghan Tyrrell. She darted, released a behind-the-back-shot and completed her hat trick.

But when the weave first started in 2019, it was something the team struggled to master, Levy said. Specifically, the Orange lacked the endurance to repeat the scheme in a game. Levy said that the team started using the weave in two-on-two and one-on-one dodging drills at practice before progressing into the full offensive unit.

Syracuse averaged 14 goals per game during its first season with the weave. But in 2020 and 2021, the Orange increased their average to 17.1 and 15.6, respectively, an improvement Levy attributes to the pick-and-roll.

Meaghan Tyrrell cradles the ball against a Boston College defender. Tyrrell is a key part in SU’s weave offense. Courtesy of Rich Barnes | USA Today Sports

“After running it for the last few years, they’ve gotten used to the timing of things and the different looks,” Levy said.

The pick-and-roll, inspired by men’s lacrosse and basketball, is relatively new in women’s lacrosse, Levy said. If the Orange face a two-on-two look in the weave, they can use a pick-and-roll to get separation. One attack throws a pass to the other while simultaneously blocking that player’s defender. The attack then opens up for an outlet pass, giving the ball-carrier a shooting option and a passing one.

Pick-and-rolls can be scripted, but the offense’s efficiency stems from the players’ own creativity, Levy said. Gait lets players use their own strengths with the scheme, she said.

“It shows the trust that Gary has in every single one of his players to possess the ball and make a play when they need to,” Levy said.

When then-No. 2 Syracuse faced No. 1 North Carolina, Meaghan Tyrrell used the weave to score the Orange’s first goal. She caught a pass in the center of the field before cutting to the right of the cage. She noticed there were no Tar Heels defenders in the middle of the 8-meter arc and spun to her left, side-arming a strike into the back of the net.

After scoring four goals early against UNC, the weave collapsed. When the Tar Heels tied the game at four with 11 minutes to go in the first half, Sam Swart flipped the ball to Sierra Cockerille, and she charged the 8-meter for a tough shot that missed.

SU abandoned its weave and the routine of passing until uncovering an open lane, leading to an increase in turnovers — the Orange were unable to keep the ball in their stick while charging the cage. By the end of the game, North Carolina had caused nine turnovers.

Following their loss to UNC, the Orange quickly returned to their offensive dominance. Syracuse averaged 16.1 goals in the six games since heading to Durham, North Carolina. Syracuse rebounded from its only other loss this year against BC with a 16-7 win in the regular season finale. Headlining SU’s attack was Emma Tyrrell with a career-high seven points.

Ten minutes into the first half, Emma Tyrrell looked for her second goal as the catalyst of the weave. She sprinted from the left side toward Bianca Chevarie on the right before stopping on a dime and switching directions. Emma Tyrrell’s defender continued to go to the right, and she used the weave to spin her way into an open lane up the center of the 8-meter.

Throughout the season, players such as Ward, Emma Tyrrell, Meaghan Tyrrell, Carney, Swart and Cockerille have all taken turns using their strengths in the weave. Levy said that SU’s attacks and midfielders read the defense in front of them and make decisions accordingly.

“That’s the beauty of the plays, it’s more of a motion,” Levy said. “Personnel-wise, there’s so many threats and just that offense has so many angles to attack from.”

Published on April 25, 2021 at 9:25 pm

Contact Anish: [email protected]

Set Plays vs. Motion – Lacrosse Tips

Lacrosse Tip

Presented by Brian Lalley, Camp Director
Pacific Lutheran University – Boys Lacrosse Overnight & Day Camp

Change of direction drill.

Xcelerate Nike Lacrosse National Program Director, Brian Lalley, discusses, Set Plays vs. Motion:

Every offensive coach in the country has a different philosophy of how they approach organizing their offense. One of the biggest debates about 6 v 6 offense is between set plays vs. motion.

Simple Motion
Learning from past experiences, I’ve tried to consistently learn from the successes and shortfalls I’ve had as an offensive coach. What I’ve realized is that the longer I coach, the simpler I go. As a former assistant coach at Canisius College, I took note scouting Cornell Lacrosse during the Rob Pannell years. Film after film, their offense continued to be two rotating triangles. Very simple and predictable, but they made a living on demanding doubles and elite ball movement to get the ball to their open player before we could rotate. It didn’t matter what you did, they had the skills and IQ to take advantage of our 1 v 1 and team defense.

Simple is freeing. When athletes of any age in any sport have to think too much, they tend to slow down and tighten up. Any good offense has movement and balance. If you keep that simple and focus on your athletes being lacrosse players and build the skills/IQ to be a better player, there’s no need to get fancy.

Set Plays
With that said, I definitely believe there is a place for set plays. When executed correctly, they tend to be set to get a high percentage opportunity for one of your better players. The key questions are how many of them do you have, what tools do you equip your players with to run them and what do you do next if they don’t work?

There are so many different kinds of tools out there to draw up plays or to share a video example of a play you want to run with your players. I have also recorded videos of myself explaining a play on a dry erase board and sharing it with my team so they can study the various spots in the set.

Conclusion
Every coach has his/her own opinion here, but I wholeheartedly believe that before you can focus on set plays, your players need to have a solid understanding of how to play continuous, motion offense. Once that foundation is set, adding layers to your offense with some set plays can add to the solid collective fundamental skills and concepts you’re operating within.

Xcelerate Nike Lacrosse Camps

For more great tips like this one come join us at one of our summer lacrosse camps 2018 to increase your lacrosse knowledge and gain valuable experience. Xcelerate Nike Lacrosse Camp provide players of all positions and skill levels an opportunity to learn from some of the best coaches and players in the game today.

25 Girls lacrosse players from the SouthCoast to watch in 2021

Here’s a look at the 25 girls lacrosse players expected to have an impact on the SouthCoast this season:

Apponequet has talented and experienced players returning with seniors Viktoria Harte and Marlie Chapin and juniors Abby Vincent and Riley Levrault. Chapin, who is healthy after knee injuries plagued her in previous years, will be a focal point on offense along with Harte and Levrault at midfield. Vincent’s job is get control of the draws. 

Bishop Stang is led by a pair of juniors in Hannah Lafrance and Maddie Kippe. Lafrance is an aggressive midfielder on the circle and on the attack while Kippe is a level-headed goalie who is quick on her feet. 

Dartmouth is one of the top teams in the area and a big reason why is junior Sorelle Lawton, a force at the draw and a lethal scoring threat. She’ll play Div. 1 lacrosse at Cornell University in two years. Dartmouth is also a frontrunner in the Southeast Conference thanks to the contributions from senior sisters Kelly and Kristen Medeiros. Kelly, who plays midfield, is super aggressive on offense while Kristen is Dartmouth’s only defensive starter back from 2019. Others to keep an eye on at Dartmouth are junior midfielder Meredith Sylvia and junior Molly Rioux. Sylvia, who had a solid year on varsity as a freshman, is looking to help on offense while Rioux worked hard in the offseason for her first year in net.  

Fairhaven coach Scott Francis believes the Blue Devils can compete with the top teams in the South Coast Conference and a big reason why is a slew of talented newcomers, including juniors Emerson Bourgault and Neely Francis. Bougault will look to control the midfield in addition to contributing on offense while Francis, Scott’s daughter, is a scoring threat at attack.

GNB Voc-Tech features two future college lacrosse players in senior midfielders Shannon Hartford (Fitchburg State) and Kaitlyn Winterson (Rhode Island College). Also keep an eye on first-year starting goalie, Diana Jesus, a junior, who had a .48 save percentage on JV her freshman year. 

New Bedford is filled with athletic and talented players with the return of senior Raquel Reis, and juniors Nora Blanchard and Kennedy Franklin. Reis, a three-year captain, is a force on offense from the midfield along with Franklin, who started as a freshman along with Blanchard, who has worked hard at draw controls. The addition of Reis’ younger sister, Tatum, has added another dimension to the Whalers’ offense. 

There is a senior and a freshman turning heads at Old Colony. Savanna Halle, a senior midfielder, is the “glue” on the team and willing to play anywhere. Abby Pitts, a freshman midfielder, is a strong athlete that is a dangerous scoring threat. 

Old Rochester is favored to win another South Coast Conference title this spring behind the leadership, experience and talent of seniors Maggie Carroll and Meghan Horan and junior Maddie Wright. The trio of midfielders have a special connection from years of playing together.

Motion Offense – Drills [ARTICLE] – Coaches Insider

By: Jack Kaley and Rich Donovan

Originally Published in: Lacrosse Essentials

Provided by: Human Kinetics

MOTION OFFENSE

The following drills are geared specifically toward the motion offense. Some of the drills can be run in separate position triangles. You can work the attack triangle without opposition to learn timing and gain repetitions. Work live 3v3 to learn the back door and motion of the triangles. The drill figures show a right-handed setup, but you can perform them both ways.

General Rules

Although this is a high-speed offense, do not force feeds or shots. Be patient. Catch the ball on the run and look to the passer, who is playing a give-and- go 90 percent of the time. If a player dodges, he should do it quickly and to the open area. If it’s not there, he should pull out, pass, and cut. If a player wants to dodge and the defense still sags to back up, then start a second rotation. If your man is still backing up, you will be open on the cut. Look for and use the hung defenseman. Finally, apply the backdoor clearing-out principle whenever possible in any offensive situation. Because this is a full-motion offense and requires that your players go both ways, only use it if you enough of your players are able to handle it.

Attack Rules

If a midfielder sweeps toward you, cut and clear across the crease. If an attackman receives the pass on point, unless he has created an opportunity where his defenseman is caught in front of the crease. This is defined as hanging your defenseman. If he forces one side of the cage, the attack player will drive the opposite side. He must drive toward the passer to set up a give-and-go. If an attackman receives a pass from a midfielder, the other attackmen rotate their positions.

Midfield Rules

A midfielder should sweep whenever possible. If a midfielder passes to another midfielder on top, he must cut and clear to the crease for the sweep. He should not roll back on a sweep because the crease midfielder is filling in and bringing his man to him. If the midfielder passes to an attackman, he must cut back door to the crease. If an attackman passes behind to the point, this initiates a give-and-go by the wing attackmen and a rotation by the midfielders. When in doubt, midfielders should cut, clear through, and rotate.

DRIVE RIGHT WING BACKDOOR DRILL

In this drill, the feeder X works on the timing and placement of the feed. The wingman works on his backdoor cut. Although it is a right-handed cut, the player may use his left hand if that makes it easier for him to protect his stick from the top defender if he slides down to cover him. The cutter must hold his stick up precisely where he wants the feeder to pass (see figure 4.1).

MIDFIELDER DUMP INSIDE DRILL

In this drill, the midfielder sweeps across the top and reads his options inside. He feeds the creaseman, who curls and shoots (see figure 4.2).

DRIVE BACKDOOR DRILL

This is similar to the previous drill, except the midfielder feeds to the onside backdoor cutter (see figure 4.3).

GIVE-AND-GO DOWN THE SIDE DRILL

In this drill, a midfielder (M1) initiates his give-and-go down the side. M2 rotates over to back up, and M3 rotates to replace the vacated area on top (see figure 4.4).

GIVE-AND-GO FROM THE WING DRILL

The wing attackman passes behind and immediately cuts to the cage. This is similar to the wing backdoor cut except that it is initiated off of a pass (see figure 4.5).

WING DRIVE FROM THE WING DRILL

This is a companion drill to the give-and-go from the wing. The wingman clears through and the top midfielder drives the lane to the cage. The cut is either directly to the ball carrier or down to the onside pipe, depending on the defensive positioning. These cuts can be initiated either by a pass from the wing or a drive by the attackman at X (see figure 4.6).

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Michkov starts, Miroshnichenko removes the questions. Russia defeated Belarus and reached the semi-finals of the YChM

Moving is like a fire. Having taken the second place in the group, the Russian national team had to move to the quarterfinals from the old Frisco (the main matches of the tournament will be held here) in Pleino.

The local ice rink makes a puzzled smile. The substitutes’ benches, penalty boxes, the secretariat table are located on one side of the court. Opponents can safely move from their bench to the penalty bench. The tribune is on the other side. All filled with scouts.

Belarusians got used to this box, they held a group tournament in Pleino and took third place.

Experts at the junior world championships remembered how two years ago in Sweden our team defeated the Belarusians in the quarterfinals 6: 0, and then reached the golden match, in which they were annoyingly lost in overtime to the hosts. Nowadays, even silver will not be desirable.

Already in the fifth minute, the offensive impulse of the “owners” of the ice was knocked down by Matvey Michkov. Our Legend # 17 made a goal out of nothing. Having received the puck outside the rivals’ goal, it was about trying on “lacrosse”, but being attacked, he changed his mind: he left the defender out of work with a snail, and then resolutely taxied on a patch and with quick hands sent the puck into the corner far from the goalkeeper. Magic and no fraud! Michkov knocked out “ten” goals and is unlikely to stop there.

Before the break, the Russians successfully disposed of the “5 by 3” standard, punishing their opponents for two stupid send-offs. Danila Yurov snapped in one touch no worse than the main sniper of the KHL playoffs Maxim Shalunov.

And when the Belarusians got the puck from the locker room from defender Artem Duda, there was almost no doubt about our victory. Almost exactly. The Belarusians finally threw off the shackles of timidity and in two and a half minutes they twice wounded the goalkeeper Sergei Ivanov.

Thanks to Ivan Miroshnichenko, as well as to everyone who bothered to be allowed to cross the US border and play at the YChM-2021.The captain of the Russians at the victorious for us Youth Olympics 2020 did everything himself – he threw it and climbed into the midst of rivals for finishing.

In the final third, we rehearsed the game in defense and minority, losing almost four times in shots.

So, Albert Leshchev’s charges are in the semifinals. We return to Frisco and wait for the opponent. If there are no sensations, then we will meet with the Finns. It will be a rematch.

STATISTICS

Russia – Belarus – 5: 2 (2: 0, 1: 2, 2: 0) .Pleino.
Goals: Michkov, Yurov, Duda, Miroshnichenko, Gaidamak – Morozov, Nikolaenya

Goalkeepers: Ivanov – Chaika

Throws: 29 (9 + 15 + 4) – 32 (6 + 11 + 15)

Penalty: 8-6

English translation, synonyms, antonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, transcription, meaning, collocations

Well, in the past, object detection systems would take an image like this and split it into a bunch of regions and then run a classifier on each of these regions, and high scores for that classifier would be considered detections in the image.	In the past, the object recognition system took such an image and divided it into many sections, and then ran the classifier on each of these sections, and a high rating of the classifier was considered the definition of the image.
12 of 31 non-Arab Muslim countries had relatively high scores for at least three consecutive years, and eight for five consecutive years.	12 of 31 non-Arab Muslim countries had relatively high scores for at least three continuous years, and 8 for five continuous years.
has all the high scores on that machine over there – something to pass the time on those quiet nights.	has achieved the highest results on this machine .. a good way to while away quiet evenings.
Japan gained relatively high scores in almost all aspects, especially health and hygiene, safety and security, cultural resources and business travel.	Japan scored relatively high on nearly all aspects, especially in health and hygiene, safety and security, cultural resources and business travel.
The couple was shockingly eliminated in week 7, finishing in seventh place despite receiving high scores throughout the season.	The pair were shockingly eliminated in week 7, finishing in seventh place despite receiving high scores throughout the season.
Using the Web Link cartridge, players could upload their high scores to the Game.	Using a web link cartridge, players could upload their high scores to the game.
These were compared to the daily high scores for teams and the all-time individual high scores.	These were matched against daily high team scores and all-time record individual scores.
Google was betting on users’ competitiveness to rack up high scores to swell the number of images ranked.	Google relied on user competitiveness to score high in order to increase the number of images in the rankings.
The goal of the game is to survive each level by eliminating enemies as soon as possible and to achieve high scores for leaderboard positions.	The goal of the game is to survive in each level by eliminating enemies as soon as possible and to achieve high scores for leader positions.
People with high scores on a psychopathy rating scale are more likely to engage in bullying, crime and drug use than other people.	People with high psychopathic scores are more likely to engage in bullying, crime, and drug use than other people.
This practice was common for Japanese aviators with proven records or high scores who were killed during the war.	This practice was common among Japanese aviators with proven records or high scores who were killed during the war.
The game allowed players to save their high scores and best times and even upload them to the game’s website.	The game allowed players to save their high scores and best times and even upload them to the game’s website.
A separate list of group high scores is maintained.	A separate list of group records is maintained.
High scores on conscientiousness indicate a preference for planned rather than spontaneous behavior.	High scores for conscientiousness indicate a preference for planned over spontaneous behavior.
The cards usually have a small amount of flash memory or an EEPROM to save user data such as game progress or high scores.	Cards usually have a small amount of flash memory or EEPROM to store user data such as game progress or high scores.
Though his offensive strategy led to high scores, Moe’s Denver teams were never adept at running fast breaks.	Although his offensive strategy has produced strong results, the Denver DoD teams have never been adept at running quick breaks.
He disputed the fact that his teams did not play defense, attributing the high scores to the pace of the game.	He disputed the fact that his teams did not play defensively, attributing high scores to the pace of play.
All the top ten countries had high scores in the six categories.	All top ten countries scored high in six categories.
However, this issue can be mitigated by providing respondents with an additional filter to evaluate the items they marked with high scores.	However, this problem can be mitigated by providing respondents with an additional filter to rate items that they rated high.
T scores greater than 65 on any content scale are considered high scores.	T-scores greater than 65 on any content scale are considered high scores.
High scores, and wide margins of victory, are not uncommon in field lacrosse.	High scores and high odds of winning are not uncommon in field lacrosse.
Teams have been criticized for high scores at the expense of weak opponents.	Teams were criticized for high scores at the expense of weak opponents.
You have to take seven subjects and achieve a high score – I would say like an 84 percent or more accuracy rate – to be allowed to take the second stage written test prepared by Todai.	You need to get top marks in seven disciplines, I would say approximately 84 percent or more, to be admitted to the second stage – the written test prepared by Todai.
Then you’re gonna take the Lieutenant’s Exam where you’ll also score high.	Then you pass the lieutenant exam, and you will also get high marks.
Maybe a player is bragging about a high-score on a level they completed or that they’ve won a weekly tournament.	A player, for example, can share their joy at the record number of points earned at a level, or talk about winning a weekly tournament.
If an ad’s relevance score is low or its negative feedback is high, first try adjusting your targeting.	If your ad has a low relevance score and a lot of negative reviews, first try adjusting your targeting options.
Guy from Queens. Holds the record Ms. Pac-Man high score.	Dude from Queens, set the record for a Pacman toy.
Just got my high score in Tiny Wings.	Just broke my record in Tiny Wings.
High score gets the bed in the showroom.	The winners receive a bed in the showroom.
After four long years of trying, I might finally get the high score on Stan’s creepy old pinball machine.	After so many years of trying, I can finally hit the highscore table in Stan’s creepy old pinball machine.
A pound a line, best of eight, high score wins five dividends of cheap prizes.	After tally, the eight with the most points win a fifth of the cheap prizes.
You hold the high score in virtually every massively multiplayer online role-playing game.	You top in almost every online multiplayer RPG
So, come on, where can I score some high-grade nanny?	Well, tell me, where can I pick up an excellent nanny?
I, uh, saw you got a high score on Angry Birds today.	I saw you scored high in Angry Birds today.
Uh, so if you got a high score?	Uh, what if you got a high score?
Sometimes, if a player gets too high a score, game can’t handle it, and it crashes.	Sometimes, if a player scores too many points, the game cannot handle it and breaks down.
Because I always score high, both on the field and off! How to Score!	Because I’ve always scored well, on and off the pitch.How to score!
Well, it’sclearthatweall like your look, but there is one high score and one low score.	We all love your outfit, but one of you scored the highest.
For each season there will be a high score and a low score.	Each season will have the best and the worst.
If Mabel gets a hole-in-one here, she’ll beat her all time high score!	If Mabel hits the hole with one hit, then she breaks her own record.
He can’t go up, even if the score is high.	He will not rise higher, even if he gets a lot of points.
Then you’re gonna take the Lieutenant’s Exam where you’ll also score high.	Then you pass the lieutenant exam, and you will also get high marks.
I just tied my high score in Snake.	I have just repeated my record in the Snake.
The 2012 Winter X Games champion was David Wise with a high score of 93.00.	David Wise became the Winter X Games 2012 Champion with a high score of 93.00.
The Class of 2022 at VMI had an average high school GPA of 3.70 and a mean SAT score of 1210.	The class of 2022 at VMI had an average high school GPA of 3.70 and an average SAT score of 1210.
Boys have still been found to score higher on standardized tests than girls and go on to be better represented in the more prestigious, high-paying STEM fields.	It was found that boys still score higher on standardized tests than girls and are still better represented in the more prestigious and high-paying STEM fields.
Both score high in pedestrian and bike mode share and, at the same time, in reducing negative development externalities.	Both indicators are high in walking and cycling and, at the same time, in reducing negative developmental externalities.
with enhanced jump controls and high score saving, plus a new slot machine minigame branded for the Nagatanien food company.	with improved jump control and high point savings, as well as the new minigame slot machine from Nagatanien food.
These sudden-death variations make short-term tactics more important in certain situations than the longer-term goal of achieving the high score for the round.	These variations on sudden death make short-term tactics more important in certain situations than the long-term goal of achieving a high round score.
These methods usually assign the best score to the algorithm that produces clusters with high similarity within a cluster and low similarity between clusters.	These methods generally give the best score to an algorithm that creates clusters with high similarity within a cluster and low similarity between clusters.
Daisy and Mr Molesley score high marks on their academic exams; Molesley’s are so exceptional that he is offered a teaching position at the school.	Daisy and Mr. Moseley score high on their academic exams; Moseley is so exceptional that he is offered a teaching position at the school.
The higher cut-off score has both high specificity and sensitivity and is at least five times more likely to have come from a dementia patient than without.	A higher cutoff score has both high specificity and sensitivity and is at least five times more likely to come from a patient with dementia than without it.
That is, even though applicants with disabilities may have received a high interview score, they are still not recommended for employment.	That is, even though candidates with disabilities may receive a high interview score, they are still not recommended for employment.
Those who score high on compliance tend to be meek and mild, and to prefer cooperation or deference as a means of resolving conflict.	Those who value compliance tend to be meek and gentle and prefer cooperation or respect as a means of resolving conflict.
Those who score high on modesty tend to be humble and other-focused, while low scorers tend to be arrogant and self-aggrandizing.	Those who score high on humility tend to be humble and focused on others, while low scores tend to be arrogant and self-aggrandizing.
The average ACT score among Wichita State University students is 23, and the average high school GPA for the entering Fall 2012 class was 3. 35.	The average ACT for Wichita State students is 23, and the average high school GPA for applicants in the fall of 2012 was 3.35.
Individuals who score high on this facet generally believe others’ intentions to be benevolent.	People who value this aspect tend to view other people’s intentions as benevolent.
Although the two concepts are not identical, those who score low on this facet tend to be high in Machiavellianism.	Although the two concepts are not identical, those who score low on this aspect tend to value Machiavellianism highly.
GameLine provided players an opportunity to compete in contests with selected games, where they could upload a high score.	GameLine provided players with the opportunity to enter contests with selected games where they could upload a high score.
This number appears in many Konami telephone numbers and as a high score in Konami games, and in promotional materials, is sometimes used as a character name.	This number appears in many Konami phone numbers and as a high score in Konami Games and promotional materials, it is sometimes used as a character name.

Russia is preparing for electronic warfare in space. Part 1. The Space Review / Habr

Posted by Bart Hendrix, Monday 26 October 2020

The Krasukha-4 electronic warfare system is used, among other things, to interfere with the observations of radar reconnaissance satellites (source).

Russia is building up impressive potential for electronic warfare against foreign satellites. These efforts are based on the development of various mobile terrestrial systems to interfere with communications and radar satellites. There is also evidence of plans to conduct electronic warfare from space using nuclear-powered satellites.In addition, in various parts of Russia, work is underway to create a ground infrastructure for obtaining intelligence information about foreign satellites, and, apparently, to protect Russia’s own satellite constellation from outside electronic attacks.

Electronic warfare is probably perceived by Russia as a relatively inexpensive asymmetric response to Western military-technical development.

Electronic warfare (EW) is traditionally subdivided into electronic attack (offensive use of electromagnetic energy against the enemy’s combat capability), electronic protection (protection against enemy electronic attack systems) and electronic warfare support (collection of intelligence information about the enemy’s electronic means).The fourth element added to this recent Russian definition of electronic warfare is the development of countermeasures against foreign technical intelligence systems, which have clearly grown in importance in recent years. [1] One example of this is the Peresvet system, a truck-mounted laser system likely designed to destroy or blind the sensors of optical reconnaissance satellites attempting to track the movements of mobile ICBM systems [2].

Electronic warfare has gained tremendous importance in Russian military doctrine over the past decade. Its status in the Russian armed forces rose to a new level in 2009 with the creation of the Electronic Warfare Troops and the formation of the EW Command Headquarters at the General Staff. This improved coordination in the field of electronic warfare, improved integration with other branches of the armed forces and facilitated the procurement of new electronic warfare technologies. Since then, Russia has been consistently investing in the modernization of electronic warfare and introducing a number of new electronic warfare systems in order to expand the capabilities of all service units and combat arms.Some of them have been tested on the battlefields in eastern Ukraine and Syria.

Electronic warfare is probably perceived by Russia as a relatively inexpensive asymmetric response to Western military-technical development. Although suppression of enemy command and control systems is a key task of the Russian electronic warfare program, an equally important task is to protect the country’s own military personnel, equipment and infrastructure, for example, by introducing improved radio signature controls that reduce the risk of information dissemination that leads to detection [3 ].

As space-based communications, intelligence and navigation systems play an increasingly important role in the success of military operations, satellites have become a key target for Russian electronic warfare systems. EW anti-space systems have a number of obvious advantages over traditional kinetic anti-satellite defense systems. They do not generate space debris, their effect on the satellite is completely reversible, and they can be narrowly targeted to affect only one of the many capabilities of the satellite [4].

“Tirada-2” and “Bylina-MM”: interference with communication satellites

Some Russian electronic warfare systems are aimed at suppressing and replacing user communication terminals and GPS receivers within the local zone (“downlink jamming”). However, other types of jammers are designed to interfere with the satellites themselves, affecting services for all users in the satellite reception area (“uplink jamming”). Russia has at least two electronic warfare systems specifically designed to interfere with communications satellites. The most famous of these is called “Tirada-2” (“tirade”), which seems to have had a predecessor in Soviet times called “Tirada-1D”. The space role of “Tirada-2” has been confirmed by several official sources. It was named a “space communications jammer” in one of a series of yearbooks on the Russian electronic warfare program, which are one of the few main sources of information about the program.

There are at least two reports that EW units experienced jammers against active communications satellites, although it is not known whether these were Russian or foreign satellites.

The wording used in these statements suggests that, if necessary, Tirada-2 could be used to cause irreparable damage to airborne satellite communications systems, although it is impossible to verify if this is the case. One columnist for the military weekly Zvezda claimed that Tirada 2 could completely suppress the electronic defense systems of satellites, forcing them to spend all their electrical energy trying to counteract jamming signals and thus making it impossible for them to transmit signals to The earth. He stressed that “Tirada-2” is not just a modernization of its predecessor, the Soviet era, but a completely new system of electronic warfare [8].

As can be judged from several court documents, Tirada-2 was officially commissioned on December 19, 2001 under a contract between the Ministry of Defense and the Vladimir Design Bureau of Radio Communications (VKBR) (Vladimir is a city about 200 km east of Moscow ). Its subcontractors include the Vladimir Radio Equipment Plant (which seems to be engaged in serial production), the Research and Development Institute for Radio Communications (NIIR), NPP Istok, the Moscow Research Radio Engineering Institute (MNIRTI) and NPO PM-Development ( a subsidiary of ISS Reshetnev, a manufacturer of communication and navigation satellites).Publicly available official documents mention systems called Tirada-2S, Tirada-2.2, Tirada-2.3 (also called RB-371A) and Tirada-2.4, which may be different upgrades of the same system.

Different versions of Tirada-2 can be designed to cover different parts of the radio frequency spectrum. From several sources on the Internet it is known that some EW units specialize in satellites operating in the “decimeter range” (corresponding to ultra-high frequency or UHF, the frequency range from 300 megahertz to 3 gigahertz), and others – on satellites using the “centimeter range” ( corresponds to ultra-high frequency (UHF), frequency range from 3 to 30 gigahertz).The letter “C” in “Tirada-2C” can mean the Russian word “centimeter”. Some annual reports of the Vladimir plant of radio equipment mention work on tuning the Tirada-2S equipment at frequencies “up to 14 GHz”, which lies in the centimeter range.

There are at least two reports that EW units have tested jammers against active communications satellites, although it is not known whether these were Russian or foreign satellites. These units are referred to in some sources as REB-K combat units (“REB” is the Russian abbreviation for electronic warfare, and “K” is from the word “space”).In one of the tests carried out during the Vostok-2010 exercise, the mobile electronic warfare system moved to the desired location after receiving coordinates from the control center in Moscow, calculating the azimuth and angle of the satellite operating in the centimeter range, and successfully jammed its communication systems [ ten]. Another REB-K unit received two orders to suppress communications satellites operating in the decimeter range during the Vostok-2014 exercise, and the success of both operations was confirmed by the so-called “representatives of third-party organizations” [11].Presumably, such tests are regularly carried out during the exercise. However, none of these tests can be unambiguously associated with Tirada-2.

Starting work on the project at the turn of the century, Tirada 2 experienced numerous delays, as evidenced by several rare court documents and company annual reports published on the Internet. At least some of the delays could have been caused by economic sanctions imposed by the West, which forced many of Russia’s defense and space companies to switch from imported electronic components to domestic ones.The problems associated with the “policy of import substitution”, at least to some extent, affected “Tirada-2”. As part of this policy, the Vladimir Radio Equipment Plant received an order in 2015 from the general contractor (VKBR) to create a “high-voltage power module” necessary for the serial production of Tirada-2S, but during its development, obviously, problems arose and the project was stopped in 2018 [12].

Despite all the delays, there are indications that Tirada 2 has reached at least some level of operational readiness.In December 2018, the Ministry of Defense posted on its website a statement that the system would be operational in Russia’s Central Military District next year, and reiterated its ability to “completely disable communications satellites” [13].

Three other versions of Tirada 2 may soon follow the first. During a military exhibition in August 2018, it was publicly announced that the Ministry of Defense had placed an order from the Vladimir plant of radio equipment for the supply of Tirada-2 complexes.3 ”, starting at the end of the same year. The procurement documents show that, as part of this order, on May 30, 2018, the plant entered into a contract with the NIIR Institute. Subsequently, NIIR, together with NPP Istok, developed a “transmitting device” for “Tirada-2.3”, which includes components such as traveling wave tubes, microwave amplifiers and signal spectrum conversion systems [14]. On November 11, 2019, NIIR received a contract for similar work on Tirada-2.2 and 2.4 under two separate government contracts awarded to the Vladimir Radio Equipment Plant on October 31, 2019 [15].

In April 2019, the Special Monitoring Mission of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to Ukraine reported that a month ago, one of its unmanned aerial vehicles spotted a Tirada-2C truck in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine. However, subsequent analysis by the Laboratory for Digital Forensic Research showed that the vehicle seen in the picture was most likely another electronic warfare system called the R-934BMV [16]. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that one contract that can be linked to Tirada-2.2 “, provides for the delivery of a four-axle truck KAMAZ-6350 and a trailer ChMZAP-8335 [17]. Neither one nor the other is visible in the OSCE photographs.

A snapshot of an OSCE unmanned aerial vehicle on which the Tirady-2 complex was allegedly deployed in Ukraine. Subsequent analysis challenged this identification. (Source: OSCE).

Another snapshot of what is supposedly an element of Tirada-2 was taken at the MAKS aerospace show in Moscow in 2013. It depicts a model of a KAMAZ-6350 truck, which, apparently, was identified as part of the Tirada-2S and may be the command post of the system.Mobile electronic warfare systems often consist of several vehicles, one of which is equipped with equipment to create interference, while others are used for auxiliary tasks such as control and power generation.

A model of what looks like the command post of the Tirada-2S satellite jamming system. (Source: A. V. Karpenko)

Another ground-based mobile electronic warfare system, which, apparently, is specially designed to suppress satellite communication channels, is called “Bylina-MM” poems).Its existence was reported in the Russian Electronic Warfare Yearbooks published in 2014 and 2015. In the articles of the Moscow Institute of MNIRTI, it was called an electronic warfare system aimed at satellites operating in the “millimeter range”, which corresponds to an extremely high frequency (EHF), the range of the electromagnetic spectrum from 30 to 300 gigahertz.

There is reason to believe that Bylina-MM is part of a much larger electronic warfare project.

According to the articles, the work on “Bylina-MM” was based on theoretical studies carried out jointly with the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) in the framework of research projects called “Tirada-EB” (2008-2010.), “Tract-F” (2010-2012) and “Vacuum-10” (2011-2013). Tirad-2S was referred to together with Bylina-MM as a project that applied the results of this study, suggesting that it was at least partially designed to interfere with satellites operating in that particular frequency range. One of the contributions of MNIRTI to this project was the development of gyrotron amplifiers based on traveling wave tubes and waveguide transmission lines, which made it possible to develop “Russia’s first automated jamming system for satellite communication channels in the millimeter range.”It should be borne in mind that the EHF technology is developing rapidly.

Another confirmation of the space role of “Bylina-MM” was the undated presentation of MNIRTI, in which the results of joint work with the Institute of Applied Physics within the framework of the “Tract-F” research project were summed up. Here it is described as a system for “jamming the airborne transponders of the Milstar, GBS, Skynet, Sicral, Italsat and Sakura communications satellites” used by “leading foreign countries” and NATO [19].

Although the presentation of MNIRTI seems to date from the beginning of the last decade, at least two of the types of satellites mentioned here cannot be modern targets for Bylina-MM. Italsat and Sakura were Italian and Japanese military communications satellites launched between the 1970s and 1990s that have long since ended their active life. Sicral 1 and 1B are Italian military communications satellites (also used by NATO) launched in 2001 and 2009 (the follow-up satellite, Sicral 2, launched in 2015, does not operate in the EHF band). Skynet is the name of several generations of satellites. The satellites provide strategic communications services for the British military and NATO. The last one was launched into orbit in 2012. GBS (Global Broadcast Service) is not a satellite, it is a system that uses direct broadcast satellite technology to transmit video and large files to the US military and allied forces. It uses the communications payload on UHF Follow-On (UFO) and Wideband Global Satcom (WGS) satellites.

Milstar is the name of a series of US Air Force communications satellites launched between 1994 and 2003, four of which are still in operation.Their antennas use very narrow beams, which provide fewer opportunities for detecting and countering the enemy and can change the gain patterns when a jamming signal is detected. Milstar was replaced by Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) satellites, launched between 2010 and 2020. These include frequency hopping technology as well as phased array antennas that can adapt their radiation pattern to block potential sources of interference.

American satellites Milstar – one of the possible targets for “Bylina-MM”. (Source: US Air Force)

In the annual reports of NPO PM-Development, Bylina-MM is described as a series of “ground mobile automated stations operating in the Ka and V frequency bands” [20]. The Ka and V bands use frequencies in the 26.5-40 gigahertz and 40-75 gigahertz ranges, respectively. The Ka-band is preferred for high-performance geostationary communications satellites and is also increasingly used by constellations of low-Earth orbit satellites such as SpaceX’s Starlink.One of the few known applications of V-band in space communications so far has been the use of 60 gigahertz for crosslinks between Milstar satellites, which is a possible indication that they were being targeted by Bylina-MM interference.

There are indications that Bylina-MM is part of a much larger EW project. In recent years, the name “Epic” (without “MM”) has been associated in several sources with a highly automated mobile command and control system that uses artificial intelligence to select and recognize targets (not just satellites). Which determines how to suppress them, and subsequently gives the appropriate orders to the electronic warfare units on the ground. In the EW yearbook for 2017, this system is designated as RB-109A and it is reported that its development was included in the technical specifications for the Bylina project. The RB-109A is said to be made up of five trucks that communicate with the Situation Center of the electronic warfare troops (also known as the RB-108S) via satellite links. Unlike earlier command and control systems, RB-109A is a versatile system that can work in conjunction with a wide range of electronic warfare systems aimed against targets on the ground, in the air or in space.It was successfully tested in 2016 along with several electronic warfare systems, including the Tirada-2S and what was called the Bylina-KV-KRET [21].

KRET (Concern Radioelectronic Technologies), part of the State Corporation Rostec, is the largest holding in the radioelectronic industry in Russia and unites some of the leading manufacturers of electronic warfare systems. Answering the question about the role of KRET in Bylina in an interview in July 2017, the first deputy director of the holding said that they had developed a “fundamentally new complex” that can be used for reconnaissance and “control of jamming stations in the shortwave range” [22] …Obviously, this was a reference to Bylina-KV-KRET (“KV” is the Russian abbreviation for “shortwave”), but its exact purpose remains unclear.

In order to confuse matters even more, the Department of Defense issued a statement in September 2017 in which it used the name “epic” to refer to an automated command system and said that it had been tested for the first time during the Zapad 2017 military exercise. Russia and Belarus [23]. In April 2017, the Izvestia newspaper already called the RB-109A and Bylina the same, reporting that the first Bylina would enter service in 2018 and that all electronic warfare units would be equipped with the Bylina by 2025 [24 ].

Whatever the exact name of Bylina, in a court document published in 2013, the Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Management Systems (TsNII EISU) was named the general contractor of the project, which received a contract for Bylina in November from the Ministry of Defense. On November 3, 2011, and then on January 10, 2012, subcontracted work on “Bylina-MM” was transferred to MNIRTI [25]. The roots of the project may be deeper, as it is also mentioned in the 2010 annual report of a company called VNII Etalon.Other industrial partners participating in Bylina since at least 2011 are the Scientific and Technical Center for Electronic Warfare (STC REB) and NPO PM-Razvitie.

TsNII EISU, which also operates under the auspices of the State Corporation Rostec (but is not part of the KRET holding), is a major supplier of information technology for the Ministry of Defense. An article published on his website acknowledges his role in creating an “automated electronic warfare control system” (without mentioning the name “Bylina”) [26].At least two contracts signed by the company in 2016 can be traced back to the 2011 government contract for Bylina. They are also engaged in software testing, including for the electronic warfare situation center RB-108S [27].

Russia may also work on the creation of electronic warfare systems against orbiting satellites.

Thus, the name “Bylina” was used for a command and control system supporting a wide range of electronic warfare systems, but also refers to at least two electronic warfare systems operating in different parts of the radio frequency spectrum (“Bylina-KV” and “Bylina- MM”).Moreover, the latter is specifically aimed at communication satellites. No pictures of Bylina-MM have ever been published, and it is not known whether the system was deployed online. The last publicly available reference to Bylina-MM is contained in the annual report of NPO PM-Razvitie for 2018, which, as in previous years, continued to supply antennas for the system. According to the Russian press, the Central Research Institute of the EISU has been experiencing serious financial difficulties for some time and is on the verge of bankruptcy. It is unclear what impact, if any, this will have on the project.

The MNIRTI Institute may be involved in another space-related electronic warfare project. In 2016, the Izvestia newspaper, citing an anonymous source in the Ministry of Defense, reported that MNIRTI, together with a company called NIIMA Progress JSC, is working on a satellite communications suppression system called KRBSS, which means “Electronic warfare complex for countering satellite systems at low circular orbits “. This was reportedly designed to target LEO satellite constellations such as Iridium, Globalstar and OneWeb, and will primarily be deployed in the Arctic region.Jamming equipment, using a set of phased array antennas, was to be installed on two trucks and must simultaneously track and suppress signals from dozens of satellites. At a later stage, the complex could also be placed aboard ships, aircraft, helicopters and drones. The elements of the system have reportedly been tested and performed better than expected. Izvestia’s source did not say when the KRBSS will enter service, noting only that the deployment will take place in several stages.So far, the existence of KRBS has not been confirmed by other sources [28].

Russia may also work on the creation of electronic warfare systems against orbiting satellites. In July 2018, the RIA agency announced plans to create the Porubshchik-2 aircraft, which could be used to electronically suppress targets on land, sea, in the air and in space. It will be the successor to another electronic warfare aircraft called the Il-22PP / Porubshchik, a modified version of the Soviet Il-20 electronic reconnaissance aircraft, three of which were delivered to the Russian army in 2016.For a more powerful combat load of the Porubshchik-2 electronic warfare, a heavier platform, possibly an Il-276 transport aircraft, will be required. According to a RIA Novosti source, the preliminary design of the new aircraft has been completed. There was no independent confirmation of this message, and it is also not known which satellites “Porubshchik-2” will jam [29].

Krasukha-4 and Divnomorye: Counteracting Radar Reconnaissance Satellites

Other targets for Russian electronic warfare systems are radar reconnaissance satellites that can capture high-resolution images even at night and through cloud cover. Currently, two radar suppressors are used: Krasukha-2 (also known as Krasukha-2O, 1L269, 1RL269 and RB-261A) and Krasukha-4 (also referred to as Krasukha-S4, 1L257, 1RL257 and RB -271A). “Krasuha” is a Russian word for a poisonous plant called “belladonna” or “deadly nightshade.” Both were designed and built by companies belonging to the KRET holding. While the two systems appear to be primarily aimed at interfering with airborne radar systems, the Krasukha-4 is also widely known as a system capable of interfering with radar surveillance satellites.The old version of the KRET website described it as “a mobile electronic warfare system for suppressing spy satellites, ground-based radars and airborne AWACS systems”, adding that it can “completely cover an object from radar detection at a distance of 150-300 km”, creating “powerful interference at the main radar frequencies “. In May 2015, the Interfax-ABN news agency quoted an anonymous military official as saying that Krasukha-4 had been successfully used against American Lacrosse-type radar satellites, which, he said, “were primarily intended to monitor deployment locations. “Topol” and mobile complexes of intercontinental ballistic missiles “Yars”, adding that they can “search for these satellites and create the necessary interference” [30].

When, later that year, the Krasukha-4 was shown at a military exhibition in Yekaterinburg, the military told reporters that it was used to “camouflage ground and air targets from air and space reconnaissance using electronic countermeasures. airborne and space-based radar systems ”. It is said to be capable of jamming one radar satellite or one E-8 Joint STARS reconnaissance aircraft at a time, or 11 tactical aircraft at a time.The “coverage area” of the satellites was set as 15-25 kilometers, which apparently meant that the Krasukha-4 had to be deployed at such a distance from the object, which it is trying to disguise from passing radar reconnaissance satellites [31]. These objects can be mobile complexes of intercontinental ballistic missiles, as suggested by the Interfax message.

The Krasukha-4 system consists of two KAMAZ-6350 trucks, one of which carries radar jamming equipment, and the other acts as a command post. Both Krasukha-2 and Krasukha-4 are believed to work together with electronic warfare systems called Moscow-1 (1L267), which, among other things, are equipped with electronic reconnaissance equipment that provides data on the guidance of Krasukha “.

Command post “Krasukha-4” (left) and electronic warfare system. (Source: AV Karpenko)

The history of the Krasukha project dates back to the 1990s. State contracts for the Krasukha-4 and Krasukha-2 complexes were transferred on July 25, 1994 and December 1, 1997, but they were not ready for serial production until early 2011.The general contractor of both elements of Krasukha is VNII Gradient in Rostov-on-Don, and serial production was transferred to NPO Kvant (Krasukha-2) and the Bryansk Electromechanical Plant (BEMZ) (Krasukha-4) in May 2011 [32] … At the end of 2018, VNII Gradient and BEMZ signed a contract for the modernization of Krasukhi-4. [33] Krasukha-2 is also being modernized, and in July of this year it was reported in the press that it can now be used against satellites. It is now reported to consist of only one truck, rather than the three previously used. [34]

Divnomorye is said to be capable of blocking radars and “other airborne electronic systems” of aircraft, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles and, in addition, will also be used against “spy satellites”.

In December 2013, the director of KRET Nikolay Kolesov announced that his holding was working on a new electronic warfare system called Divnomorye, which is expected to be ready for deployment by early 2016 (the name obviously comes from the name Black Sea resort in southern Russia).He called it an improved version of the Moscow-1 complex, which can be used both for electronic reconnaissance and as a command post, and said that one of his tasks would be to participate in the country’s “space defense” [35]. In reports published in the KRET yearbook, Divnomorye is called a system of “electronic suppression of air and space-based means.” At the MAKS-2017 aerospace show in July 2017, another KRET representative said that the new complex (which he did not name by name) would eventually replace the Krasukha-2 and Krasukha-4 complexes, although they still have to “be significantly modernized “. He confirmed that the complex will target both air and space-based systems, adding that tests have already begun. [36]

In May 2018, the Izvestia newspaper, citing unnamed sources in the Ministry of Defense, reported that Divnomorye should begin operational deployment at the end of the year. It is claimed that it is capable of suppressing radars and “other onboard electronic systems” of aircraft (such as R-3 AWACS, R-2 Hawkeye and R-8 JSTAR), helicopters, and drones. and will also be used against “spy satellites”.Its range was defined as “several hundred kilometers”, and it was assumed that it would combine the functions of electronic reconnaissance and electronic attack of the Moscow-1, Krasukha-2 and Krasukha-4 complexes. It is reported that all equipment can be installed on one truck and prepared for use within a few minutes, which makes Divnomorye “highly mobile” and “practically invulnerable.”

Analysis of publicly available documents shows that the Divnomorye project was launched on December 20, 2012. with the receipt of a state contract with KRET, which, in turn, on April 30, 2013 entrusted VNII Gradient with work on a new electronic warfare complex, which is the actual general contractor of the project. The main subcontractors are TsNII EISU, SPC “Sapsan” and Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute (KNIRTI). The designations found in the documents: “Divnomorye-U”, U-S, U-R, U-KIZ, T, T-P, M, MU, MR and MUSP, but what exactly they mean is unknown.

The chief designer of VNII Gradient for Divnomorye is indicated in the procurement documentation as Vladimir Nikolaevich Vernigora, who was one of several KRET employees who were awarded the prestigious state prize in 2017 for their contribution to the development of electronic warfare systems for attacking air and space-based targets based on radar systems [38].One contract with Divnomorye, signed in early 2018, called for “revision of the satellite trajectory calculation program,” another clear sign of its role in space. [39]

There are no positively identified images of Divnomorye.