Who invented field hockey. The Fascinating History of Field Hockey: Origins, Evolution, and Key Figures

Where was field hockey invented. How did the sport evolve over time. Who were some of the most influential coaches in field hockey history. What are the origins of the modern game.

The Ancient Roots of Field Hockey

Field hockey’s origins can be traced back thousands of years, with evidence of similar stick-and-ball games found in various ancient civilizations. While the exact origins remain unclear, several cultures have contributed to the development of what we now know as field hockey.

Ancient Egyptian tombs, dating back approximately 4000 years, depict images of games resembling hockey. One notable example is found in the tomb of Prince Kheti at Neni-Haman El Mini, Egypt, from around 2000 B.C. These early representations suggest that stick-and-ball games were popular in ancient Egyptian society.

However, Egypt is not the only contender for the birthplace of field hockey. Other ancient cultures had their own versions of stick-and-ball games that bear similarities to modern field hockey:

• Hurling (Ireland) and shinty (Scotland) – believed to have been played since 1272 B.C.
• Beikou – a Mongolian sport with a history spanning at least 1000 years
• Chueca – played by 16th-century natives in Chile, South America

The Global Spread of Field Hockey

While ancient civilizations laid the groundwork for field hockey, the modern version of the sport has its roots in England. The English public school system played a crucial role in developing and formalizing the game in the early 19th century.

Interestingly, field hockey was already a popular sport in Pakistan and India at least 100 years before it gained traction on English soil. This fact highlights the complex nature of the sport’s development and spread across different regions.

Key milestones in the formalization of field hockey include:

• 1861: Establishment of the Blackheath & Old Elthamians Hockey Club, believed to be the oldest club in the world
• 1875: First attempt to consolidate hockey as a formal sport
• 1886: Creation of the first “real” hockey association in London

England played a significant role in spreading modern hockey across the world through its colonial influence. As the sport gained popularity, it began to evolve and develop distinct characteristics in different regions.

The Evolution of Field Hockey Rules and Equipment

Field hockey has undergone significant changes since its inception. One of the most notable areas of evolution is the penalty corner, a crucial aspect of the game that has seen numerous modifications over time.

The Transformation of Penalty Corners

In the early days of field hockey, penalty corners were quite different from what we see today. Some interesting facts about the historical penalty corner rules include:

• Players could stop the penalty corner push-in from anywhere inside the “D”
• Stopping the ball with hands was allowed
• Goalkeepers had minimal protective equipment

These rules have evolved significantly, with modern penalty corners featuring strict regulations on positioning, ball-stopping techniques, and goalkeeper equipment. The changes have not only improved player safety but also increased the excitement and strategic elements of this set-piece play.

Advancements in Field Hockey Equipment

Alongside rule changes, field hockey equipment has also seen remarkable advancements. How has equipment evolution impacted the game? The development of specialized gear has significantly influenced playing styles and techniques:

• Sticks: From wooden sticks to composite materials, allowing for greater power and control
• Balls: Evolution from leather to synthetic materials, improving consistency and durability
• Protective gear: Introduction of advanced helmets, pads, and gloves for enhanced player safety
• Artificial turf: Replacement of grass fields with synthetic surfaces, altering game dynamics

Influential Coaches in Field Hockey History

Throughout the history of field hockey, several coaches have made significant contributions to the sport’s development and success. These individuals have not only led their teams to victory but also shaped the tactical and strategic aspects of the game.

Harbail Singh: India’s Olympic Gold Mastermind

Harbail Singh stands out as one of the most successful coaches in field hockey history. His achievements include:

• Olympic Gold Medals as India’s Team Coach in 1948 (London), 1952 (Helsinki), and 1956 (Melbourne)
• Umpired at the 1956 Melbourne and 1960 Rome Olympic Games
• Played a crucial role in India’s hockey dominance during the mid-20th century

Born on March 9, 1909, in Khushab (now Pakistan), Singh was not only a coach but also an accomplished educationist and all-round sportsman. His expertise extended beyond coaching, as he served as the Director of Physical Education at Khalsa College, Amritsar, for many years before the partition of India.

Tragically, Harbail Singh’s life was cut short when his plane crashed while returning to India after umpiring at the 1960 Rome Olympic Games. His legacy, however, continues to inspire generations of field hockey players and coaches.

Manzoor Hussain Atif: Pakistan’s Golden Era

Manzoor Hussain Atif is widely regarded as one of the best coaches in field hockey history. His impressive record includes:

• Olympic Gold Medals as Pakistan’s coach in 1968 and 1984
• Olympic Bronze Medal in 1976 (Montreal)
• World Cup victory in 1982

Under Atif’s management, Pakistan’s national team achieved remarkable success. In the four major campaigns he oversaw (three Olympics and one World Cup), Pakistan lost just one match – the 1976 Olympic semi-final against Australia. This extraordinary record demonstrates Atif’s tactical acumen and ability to consistently produce world-class performances.

Brian Glencross: Australia’s Pioneering Coach

Brian Glencross made significant contributions to field hockey both as a player and a coach. His notable achievements include:

• Olympic Gold Medal as coach of the Australian women’s team (Hockeyroos) in 1988
• Olympic Silver Medal as a player in 1968
• Olympic Bronze Medal as a player in 1964

Glencross’s coaching career spanned from 1980 to 1992, during which he led the Hockeyroos to their first Olympic gold medal. His impact on Australian hockey extended beyond coaching, as he later became the High Performance Manager for the Women’s Hockey Association.

In recognition of his contributions to the sport, Glencross received numerous honors:

• Medal of the Order of Australia in 1990
• Induction into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1991

The Birth of Modern Field Hockey

While field hockey has ancient roots, the modern version of the sport took shape in England during the 19th century. How did this transformation occur? The development of modern field hockey can be attributed to several factors:

• Standardization of rules by English public schools
• Formation of clubs and associations
• Introduction of structured competitions

The Blackheath & Old Elthamians Hockey Club, established in 1861, is considered the oldest field hockey club in the world. This club played a pivotal role in popularizing the sport and setting standards for organized play.

As the game gained popularity, efforts to formalize it as a sport intensified. In 1875, the first attempt to establish a formal hockey association was made. However, it wasn’t until 1886 that the first official hockey association was created in London, marking a significant milestone in the sport’s history.

Field Hockey’s Global Impact

Field hockey’s journey from ancient stick-and-ball games to a globally recognized sport is a testament to its enduring appeal. How has field hockey influenced cultures around the world? The sport’s impact can be seen in various aspects:

• Cultural significance in countries like India, Pakistan, and the Netherlands
• Olympic representation since 1908 for men and 1980 for women
• Development of youth programs and grassroots initiatives
• Economic impact through professional leagues and international tournaments

Field hockey’s global reach has led to the emergence of diverse playing styles and tactical approaches. Teams from different continents bring unique characteristics to the game, enriching the sport’s overall landscape.

The Future of Field Hockey

As field hockey continues to evolve, what can we expect in the coming years? The sport faces both challenges and opportunities in the modern era:

Technological Advancements

Technology is playing an increasingly important role in field hockey. Some areas of technological integration include:

• Video referrals and hawk-eye technology for improved decision-making
• Performance analysis tools for players and coaches
• Advanced materials for equipment manufacturing

Sustainability Initiatives

Field hockey, like many sports, is focusing on sustainability. Key areas of focus include:

• Eco-friendly artificial turf options
• Sustainable event management for tournaments
• Carbon footprint reduction in equipment production

Inclusivity and Diversity

Efforts to make field hockey more inclusive and diverse are gaining momentum. These initiatives aim to:

• Increase participation across different demographics
• Promote gender equality in coaching and administration
• Develop adaptive versions of the sport for people with disabilities

As field hockey continues to adapt and grow, it remains a dynamic and exciting sport with a rich history and promising future. From its ancient origins to its modern global presence, field hockey has consistently demonstrated its ability to evolve while maintaining its core appeal.

The sport’s journey from Egyptian tombs to Olympic stadiums is a testament to its enduring popularity and cultural significance. As we look to the future, field hockey is poised to continue its growth, embracing new technologies, addressing sustainability concerns, and promoting inclusivity to ensure its place in the global sporting landscape for generations to come.

Who created field hockey? Where was field hockey invented? Learn today

There are many ancient games that feature the use of a ball and the stick shaped element but for many people, field hockey was originated in Egypt. Certain Egyptian tombs depict pictures of games similar to hockey which date from 4000 years ago. To answer the question “Where was field hockey invented”, we need to do a bit more research as the answer is more complex than it seems.

Where was field hockey invented? Tomb of Prince Kheti 2000 B.C. at Neni-Haman El Mini, Egypt:

Although England is mainly responsible for spreading modern hockey across the world by bringing the sport to the colonies, hockey was a popular sport in Pakistan and India as it was played at least 100 years before it was played in English soil.

There are many games that feature a stick and ball such as hurling (Ireland) and shinty (Scotland), which are thought to be played since 1272 B. C. Beikou is another sport very similar to hockey that is played in Mongolia and has been played for at least 1000 years. In South America, most specifically in Chile, the local natives of the 16th century used to play a game called chueca, which also has a lot of common elements with hockey.

“Where was field hockey invented?” A picture depicting the Chilean natives playing “chueca”:

Modern hockey was originated in England as it was played and developed in the English public school system early in the 19th century. By the year 1875 there was an attempt to consolidate hockey as a formal sport and it’s first association was established.

By 1886 the first “real” hockey association was created in London. The Blackheath & Old Elthamians Hockey Club is believe to be the oldest club in the world as it was established in 1861.

“Where was field hockey invented?” One of the early pictures of the Blackheat Team (Source: Hockeygods).

If you are interested in learning more about the where was field hockey invented, you should visit The Hockey Museum and the section of The Origins of Hockey.

The Evolution of the Penalty Corner

Did you know that there was a point in time where you could literally stop the penalty corner push-in from anywhere inside the “D”? Did you also know that people used to stop the ball with the hands? How about the fact that the goalie had little to no protection?

All these things used to happen back in the days, luckily now the penalty corner has evolve a lot. Check this video and see if for yourself:

Extra information: Who are some of the most important coaches in history?

1. Harbail Singh (India): Olympic Gold Medallist in 1948,1952 and 1956

Harbail Singh was India’s Team Coach at the 1948 London, 1952 Helsinki and 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games where India won the Gold medals. He also Umpired at the 1956 Melbourne and the 1960 Rome Olympic Games.

Harbail was born on 9 March 1909 in Khushab (now Pakistan). He had a very rich career in hockey. A top class educationist, a fine all-round sportsman and an experienced hockey umpire and coach, he played an important role in the hockey history of India. In 1935 he accompanied the Indian Hockey team to New Zealand and Australia. He was Director of Physical Education of Khalsa College, Amritsar, for a number of years before partition.

Sadly Harbail died when his plane crashed while returning to India after he had umpired the 1960 Rome Olympic Games.

2. Manzoor Hussain Atif (Pakistan) – Olympic Gold Medallist in 1968 and 1984

Manzoor Hussain Atif is one of the best coaches in history.  Under his management, Pakistan participated in three Olympics, where they won two gold medals (1968 and 1984) and one bronze (Montreal 1976).  He was also the manager of the Pakistan side preparing for the 1988 Olympics but was removed only weeks before. In World Cup campaigns he was successful to win the 1982 trophy. In addition, in the four mentioned campaigns combined, Pakistan lost just one match – the 1976 semi-final against Australia.

3. Brian Glencross (Australia) – Olympic Gold Medallist in 1988

Brian Glencross also represented Australia at the 1968 and 1972 Olympic Games, winning silver in Mexico in ’68. He was coach of the Hockeyroos from 1980 until 1992, leading them to Olympic gold in 1988 before becoming High Performance Manager for the Women’s Hockey Association prior to its amalgamation.

As a member of the Australian National Men’s Hockey Team, he won a bronze medal and a silver medal at consecutive Olympic Games – the bronze at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan and the silver four years later, when Mexico City hosted the Games. As a player he represented Australia from 1964 to 1974, playing in 93 games. He coached the Australian women’s hockey team from 1980 to 1992.

Glencross received a Medal of the Order of Australia in 1990 and was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1991. He received an Australian Sports Medal in 2000 and a Centenary Medal in 2001.

4. David Whitaker (Great Britain) – Olympic Gold in 1988

David Whitaker, former hockey international, made over 100 appearances for England and Great Britain. He also coached the Great Britain men’s hockey squad that won gold at the Seoul Olympics in 1988.

But the 1988 Olympics in Seoul is David’s crowning glory. After winning the bronze medal from the previous Games Whitaker masterminded a successful campaign, that culminated in a famous 3-1 victory over West Germany, winning Team GB’s first hockey gold medal for 68 years.

Great Britain’s Richard Leman, left, Imran Sherwani, centre and Martyn Grimley celebrate their gold medal win over Australia at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. 

Britain’s success stemmed from the long-term appointment of Roger Self, manager since 1980, it was his shrewd decision to invite the relatively young and inexperienced David Whitaker to be his coach.  He also had a group of players, a fair number of whom had tasted the bitter disappointment when their Olympic dreams were shattered with the withdrawal from the Moscow Games and who had suffered. The initial disappointment when they did not qualify for Los Angeles.  They had also experienced the change of fortunes when after a near last minute call they had the satisfaction and joy at taking Bronze in LA. These players had bond themselves together, in many cases knowing Seoul would be their swansong, and had been built into a squad by Self and Whitaker. Self had at last brought a sense of purpose into British hockey.

5. Ric Charlesworth (Australia) – Olympic Gold in 1996, 2000 with the women’s team

From 1993 to 2000 he was head coach of the Australian Women’s hockey team, the Hockeyroos. During this time they won the Champion’s Trophy in 1993 (Amsterdam), 1995 (Mar del Plata), 1997 (Berlin) and 1999 (Brisbane), the World Hockey Cup in 1994 (Dublin) and 1998 (Netherlands) and were gold medallists in the Atlanta Olympics in 1996 and Sydney Olympics in 2000 and 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur.

In 2009, Charlesworth was appointed coach of the Australian men’s national hockey team, the Kookaburras. The team went on to win the 2009 Men’s Hockey Champions Trophy in Melbourne, Australia; the 2010 Hockey World Cup in New Delhi, India; the 2010 Men’s Hockey Champions Trophy in Mönchengladbach, Germany; and the 2010 Commonwealth Games Men’s Hockey Gold Medal in Delhi, India. After coaching the Kookaburras to success at the 2014 Hockey World Cup in Netherlands, he retired.

History of Field Hockey | Burke Athletic Club

From USA Field Hockey’s web site:

Before the home run…
before the layup…
before the slap shot…

there was a ball and a stick.

One of the oldest of competitive pastimes, the sport of field hockey dates back well before the Ancient Olympic Games. Although the exact origin of the game remains unknown, 4,000-year-old drawings found in the tomb at Beni-Hasen in the Nile Valley of Egypt depicted men playing the sport. Throughout the following centuries, variations of the game were played by a spectrum of cultures ranging from Greeks and Romans to Ethiopians and Aztecs.  

The modern game of field hockey evolved in England in the mid-19th century. The first men’s hockey club, Blackheath, was formed in 1849, and led to the establishment of the Hockey Association in London in 1886. The British army introduced the game to India and throughout the British colonies, leading to the first International competition in 1895.

Hockey first appeared on the Olympic program at the 1908 London Games and again in 1920 at Antwerp. The sport was again featured on the program at Amsterdam in 1928 and has been an Olympic sport ever since. Women’s hockey became a fixture on the Olympic program in Moscow in 1980.

Originally considered far too dangerous for female participation, field hockey quickly became popular with women whose previous introduction to sport included the “socially acceptable” outdoor activities of croquette and lawn tennis. With more and more women becoming active in the sport, the liberating game of field hockey earned the dubious title as the only team sport considered proper for women.

By 1887, the first women’s hockey club appeared in East Mosley, England, and was quickly followed by the creation of the All England Women’s Hockey Association in 1889 . The sport spread across the Atlantic in 1901 when English physical education instructor Constance Applebee introduced the sport to the U.S. while attending a seminar at Harvard.

Appalled at the parlor games passing for exercise among young American women, Applebee borrowed some sticks and a ball and staged the first hockey exhibition in the United States behind the Harvard gymnasium. The game received an enthusiastic response, and Applebee quickly spread the sport to some of the region’s most prestigious women’s schools.

By the early 1920’s, several colleges and clubs sponsored field hockey teams for women. The U.S. women’s touring field hockey team participated in its first international competition in 1920, and two years later the United States Field Hockey Association was founded for the purpose of promoting and generating enthusiasm for the sport. 

With the increasing popularity of the sport, and through the pioneering efforts of the Association’s early touring teams, the U. S. continued its rise to international prominence. In 1975, the U.S. appeared in the first I.F.W.H.A. World Championship of women’s hockey in Edinburgh, Scotland (10th), and five years later earned an invitation to the first women’s Olympic Games tournament in Moscow. The U.S. boycott of the 1980 Games prevented the team from competing in Moscow. Under legendary coach Vonnie Gros, the USA captured the bronze medal four years later at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The team would continue its Olympic tradition with appearances in Seoul in 1988 and Atlanta in 1996.

After the FIH conducted the first women’s World Cup in 1975, the U.S. team began an impressive string of successive trips to the prestigious tournament in 1983.  The U.S. would qualify for each of the ensuing World Cup tournaments including a bronze medal finish in Dublin in 1994.

With similar humble beginnings, men’s field hockey began in the United States with the first official match between the Westchester Field Hockey Club (Rye NY) and the Germantown Cricket Club (near Philadelphia) in 1928. That same year, the Field Hockey Association of America was formed, and in 1930, the FHAA became the fourteenth member of hockey’s international federation, the Federation International de Hockey (FIH). Today, the FIH features over 100 member nations. Henry Greer,considered the founder of men’s hockey in the United States, served as president of the FHAA from 1930 to 1959 and served as player-coach on the 1932 U.S. Olympic team.

Bolstered by its new international membership, the U.S. Men’s team competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1932 Los Angeles Games. The three-team tournament saw the United States earn the bronze medal after losing to silver medalist Japan, 9-2, and gold medal winner India, 24-1.

The U.S. men went on to compete in other Olympic Games in 1936, 1948, 1956, 1984 and 1996. A lack of funds and political challenges kept the team from competing in 1952. With the inclusion of hockey in the Pan Am Games in 1967 and Olympic qualification dependent on success in Pan Am event, the FHAA faced mounting obstacles in returning to the Games.

In April of 1993, the FHAA and the USFHA, at the urging of the United States Olympic Committee, merged to form one national governing body for both women’s and men’s field hockey. USA Field Hockey currently seeks to foster and develop the amateur sport of field hockey by providing participation opportunities for players, coaches, officials, and administrators and preparing teams to represent the United States in international competitions.

Today, nearly 19,000  players, coaches, officials and fans enjoy the benefits of USA Field Hockey membership. With programs ranging from elite teams and futures identification to club hockey and grassroots development, today’s USA Field Hockeycontinues to raise public awareness and promote the sport as a lifetime activity. USA Field Hockey provides players, coaches, officials and administrators educational and participation opportunities while supplying  support and resources essential to the development and enjoyment of the game.

Even if it is just a ball and stick.

History of Modern Field Hockey

Field hockey is a really interesting sport with a rich history. It is very popular in Western Europe, South America, Australia, Pakistan and India. The highest governing body is International Hockey Federation and it is very popular Olympic sport. You can play hockey indoors or outdoors. There are international competitions such as World Cup, World League, Champions Trophy and Junior World Cup. Like most international sports field hockey evolved a lot over time or as some people put it “the evolution from an old game with sticks to a game that we call today field hockey”. Top five field hockey players of all time are: Dhyan Chand, Sohails Abbas, Ric Charlesworth, Hasan Sardar, Shahbaz Ahmed, all of which have their own stories.

Beginnings of the field hockey

The earliest origins of this sport date back to the Middle Ages in Scotland, England and the Netherlands. Although there are stories that even Ancient Greeks and China played a game similar to what is nowadays field hockey. The word “hockey” was recorded first time in 14^th century when king of England Charles III issued a proclamation. Modern field hockey was developed in English schools during the 19^th century. The first club was founded in London 1849. The Hockey Association was founded in 1886, and the first international game was in 1886 between Ireland and Wales, Ireland won that game with score 3-0. It is crucial to say that rules were different in that period. Two oldest trophies are Irish senior Cup and Irish Junior cup. Also, it is worth noting that the first female field hockey club was founded in 1887 and the name of that club was Molesey Ladies. Since that period female field hockey started to grow rapidly.

When did the field hockey start to be popular?

The roots of field hockey were in Great Britain and Britain in that time was the greatest colonial power in the world and the biggest empire. All British former colonial countries adopted this sport and, in some of them, it is a national sport. One of those countries is India. India has had a really big influence on the expansion field hockey. National team of India was and still is one of the best teams in the world. Indian national team won Olympic tournament 1928 with all 5 victories without conceding a goal. After that they won 1932 until 1956 and then in 1960, 1968 and 1984. Also Pakistan, former Indian country, won three times.

Field hockey today

There are a lot international competitions today for both sexes, amongst the man India has 8 gold medals and amongst women the Netherlands and Australia have 3 Olympic gold medals. India and Pakistan have been dominating until 1980s wining four of the first five cups, and after that there were a couple of national teams that have won international competitions, such as the Netherlands, Germany, England, Argentina, Spain, New Zealand, Australia and South Korea. And the most successful national teams in women category are the Netherlands, Australia and Argentina. Other successful female national teams are China, Germany, and South Africa.

This great sport has a very interesting history, although this information is essential for the evolution of this sport, it is only a small part of exciting and rich field hockey history. Aside from that, there are many teams and many players that continue to bring this sport to the world in a proper way. These persons present not only a certain sport or a country, but a way of living, and they are truly the heroes of today.

Timeline of Women in Sports

Before 1800

2000B.C.– Drawings were found in a tomb at Beni-Hasen of Egypt. Showing the act of men or people in general playing with sticks and a ball. Many think this was the first time people invented the game of Field Hockey. The Greeks, Aztecs and Romans were also known to have played the game.

1800’s

1886– The very first women’s field hockey club is started in Surrey, England.

1894– The Irish Women’s Hockey Union, was the first national women’s field hockey association, and it was formed in Dublin.

1900’s

1901– Constance M.K, at Harvard University, introduced Field Hockey to women of United States.

1920– The first American women’s field hockey team, All-Philadelphia team competed internationally. Their application to the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp was denied, but they played in an English tournament and lost both games.

1922– The U.S. Field Hockey Association, the National Governing Body for field hockey in the United States, was established.

1927– The International Federation of Women’s Field Hockey Associations was formed to provide competition for teams from the U. S., England, Scotland and Ireland.

1942– U.S. Field Hockey international activities were suspended during World War II.

1962– In front of 56,000 spectators at the Wembley Stadium, USA women solidified their place among the worlds elite with a 2-2 tie with England.

1980– Field hockey became a medal sport for women in the Olympics. The Zimbabwe women’s field hockey team later went on undefeated to win the Olympic gold medal.

2000’s

2005– UMass-Lowell won their first Division II Field Hockey title in a 2-1 victory over last year’s winner, Bloomsburg University.

2005– Jackie Ciconte led the Maryland Terps to the 2005 NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship title, overall defeating Duke, 1-0.

Back to Top

The History of Field Hockey

Field Hockey Tip

Field Hockey players will learn both on and off the turf during their experience at our field hockey camps.

Field Hockey is thought to be one of the oldest games played with a ball and stick. Although the modern day game originated in England, the sport has evolved into world wide competition. As the sport continues to grow within the United States, many don’t know some of the basic history of the beloved game of field hockey. At Nike Field Hockey Camps, we want our athletes to be knowledgeable both on and off the field about the game!

World Recognition

Field Hockey entered the world stage at the 1908 Summer Olympic Games in London. Only 6 male teams participated in these Olympics. The women’s game was not introduced in the Olympics until the 1980’s. Although the women’s competition was introduced years later, the Olympic Field Hockey competition remains high. More recently in the 2016 Olympics, Great Britain defeated the Netherlands in a penalty shoot out for the gold medal.

United States Field Hockey
In 1901, Constance Applebee brought field hockey to the United States. Initially, the game was just played by women in the United States but now is also played by men. Applebee formed the United States Field Hockey Association in 1922 to lead and organize the sport for women. A few years later, a replicate organization was formed for the men’s game.

Modern Day Field Hockey
Field Hockey is a growing sport across the United States. Youth across the country can begin playing on organized teams as early as 8 years old. As recreational play continue to grow so does the competition at the elite levels. Organized clubs, college teams and USA National Team continue to be leaders on the field for domestic growth.

Here at our field hockey camps in California, we have coaches that are trailblazers in the sport. Coach Shellie Onstead has not only been a successful coach at the DI level, but also brings a lengthy resume of coaching experience to the field. In addition to leading the Bears to success, Coach Onstead was formally an assistant coach on the 2008 National Team. Her list accomplishments both as a player and a coach is amongst some of the top coaches in the industry. Field hockey players on the West Coast are encouraged to come and experience elite level coaching at our field hockey camps in California.

All you need to know

Among the world’s premier sports with an Olympic legacy and featuring blue riband events like the World Cup, Champions Trophy and FIH Pro League, field hockey traces its roots back to the 16th century.

One of the most ancient games in the world — a crude form of the sport was played in Egypt some 4,000 years ago — the history of hockey can be traced back to 1527 in Scotland. Back then, it was called ‘hokie’ – where players hit around a small ball with sticks.

However, the first version of modern-day field hockey was developed by the British sometime between the late 18th and early 19th century. It was introduced as a popular school game then and made its way to the Indian army during British rule in the 1850s.

The availability of large plots of land as playing fields and the uncomplicated nature of equipment meant that hockey gradually became the popular sport of choice among children and young adults in India, with the country’s first hockey club being formed in then Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1855.

In the next few decades, national competitions like the Beighton Cup in Calcutta and Aga Khan tournament in Bombay (now Mumbai) popularised the sport further, especially in erstwhile provinces of Bombay and Punjab.

There were talks of forming a hockey association in India in 1907 and 1908, but it didn’t materialise. The Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was only formed in 1925, one year after the formation of the International Hockey Federation (FIH).

The IHF organised its first international tour in 1926 to New Zealand, where the Indian hockey men’s team played 21 matches and won 18. The tournament saw the emergence of a young Dhyan Chand, who would go on to become arguably the best hockey player the world has ever seen.

After a rocky relationship with the Olympic Games until 1924 — hockey was only played in 1908 and 1920 and dropped for the other editions — the presence of a global sports body (FIH) ensured that hockey gained permanent Olympic status starting Amsterdam 1928.

The Indian Hockey Federation applied and earned an FIH membership in 1927, thus ensuring that the Indian hockey team would play its first Olympics in 1928.

It was the beginning of a legacy – decorated with eight gold medals – a record till today.

Dominating the Olympics

The Indian hockey team clinched the Olympic gold medal in its first attempt in 1928. India played five matches, scoring 29 goals and conceding none, with Dhyan Chand scoring 14 of them.

The hockey wizard became the cornerstone of the Indian hockey team as it won two more gold medals in 1932 and 1936, completing a hat-trick of Olympic hockey golds. Dhyan Chand was made captain in 1936 in what would prove to be his final Olympic Games.

Dhyan Chand (standing second from left) with the Indian hockey team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Photo: Olympic Archives.

When the Olympics returned after World War II in 1948, India found a new genius in the legendary Balbir Singh Sr as he steered them to a second hat-trick of Olympic gold medals in 1948, 1952, and 1956, this time as an independent nation. The period was one of the most significant in the history of hockey in India.

While Pakistan halted the gold run in the final at the 1960 Rome Olympics, India would ascend to the top step at Tokyo 1964. However, it was apparent that India’s domination of the sport was weakening.

The Indian hockey team had won silver at the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games, before finally winning gold in the 1966 edition. However, India only managed a bronze at Mexico 1968, in what was then their lowest finish in the Olympics.

The 1970s: Women’s team goes international

Hockey expanded its reach beyond the Olympics with the first Hockey World Cup held in 1971 in Spain. Though Pakistan beat Spain to win the title and India finished third, the sport was steadily gaining popularity in Europe, and innovations were underway.

India did manage another bronze at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, before making the World Cup final in 1973, where they lost to the Netherlands.

While India’s representation in global hockey was largely restricted to the men, the women’s team made its first appearance in international competition at the inaugural women’s Hockey World Cup in 1974, finishing a creditable fourth.

There seemed to be an upturn when the men’s team won its only World Cup title in 1975.

But the 1976 Montreal Olympics was the first to be played on astroturf – artificial grass fields specially curated for the sport – and the men’s Indian hockey team finished seventh.

It ended India’s Olympic podium run for the first time while the women’s team mustered a similar finish at the 1978 World Cup.

In this decade, the men’s team also ended up with three consecutive Asian Games silver medals in 1970, 1974, and 1978.

1980s-2008: A period of stagnation

The 1980s actually began well for the Indian hockey teams.

The men’s team took advantage of a depleted field to win their eighth Olympic gold at Moscow 1980 while the women’s team finished fourth in what was the first edition of women’s hockey at the Olympics.

At the 1982 Asian Games in New Delhi, where women’s hockey was played for the first time, the women’s Indian hockey team clinched a historic gold at home while the men’s team won silver.

However, there were no more accolades forthcoming after this period.

India were slow to take to the astroturfs, with local players still mostly playing on natural grass fields, which meant that the Indian hockey teams fell short at global events.

Neither the men nor the women were able to make the semi-finals at the World Cups or the (only men’s) Champions Trophy, with their medals restricted to a bronze each at the 1986 Asian Games.

Dhanraj Pillay‘s debut for the Indian hockey team in 1989 breathed new life into the sport as India boasted of a global superstar once more.

However, without adequate support, Pillay was unable to inspire a wave of success for the Indian hockey team, though he almost single-handedly ended India’s Asian Games gold drought with a stellar individual campaign in 1998.

The women also continued to struggle globally through this period, though they won silver at the 1998 Asian Games.

The introduction of hockey at the Commonwealth Games in 1998 provided another platform for global hockey. The Indian men’s and women’s teams finished fourth in the inaugural edition.

The women’s Indian hockey team then went on to win gold at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, an edition where the men were unable to qualify. The women then won silver in the 2006 edition, as the men could only manage sixth place, and bronze at the 2006 Asian Games.

The decline of Indian hockey hit rock bottom in 2008 when the men’s team, for the first time since 1928, failed to qualify for the Beijing Olympics.

Revival of Indian hockey

After the disappointment of 2008, the men’s Indian hockey team responded by returning to the podium at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, winning silver and the 2010 Asian Games, where they won bronze.

The men’s Indian hockey team qualified for the 2012 London Olympics. Though India ended last, it represented a small bit of progress.

The men also qualified for Rio 2016 but this time, it was the women who stole the spotlight as they qualified for their first Olympic Games in 36 years.

The women’s Indian hockey team won silver at the 2018 Asian Games.

In the years since, Indian hockey seems to have found its feet again.

The women’s team, led by Rani Rampal, won silver at the 2018 Asian Games, achieving their best ranking of ninth in the world the same year.

The men’s Indian hockey team has imbibed an attacking philosophy under new head coach Graham Reid and young captain Manpreet Singh.

The men’s team played its first FIH Pro League campaign in 2020, winning games against the best in the world like Belgium, Australia and the Netherlands.

At Tokyo 2020, the men’s hockey team ended a 41-year Olympic medal drought with a bronze medal after a thrilling win against Germany in the playoff.

The women’s team, in only its third Olympic appearance, showed tremendous grit to finish fourth, narrowly losing out on the bronze medal to Great Britain.

India women also achieved one of their most famous victories when they knocked out favourites Australia in the quarter-finals

Both the men’s and women’s teams are formidable contenders on the global stage and Indian hockey is now in a position to reclaim the glory of old.

The History of Field Hockey | Field Hockey Knowledge

Sometimes, when you play a sport you love, you want to immerse yourself in the grand tradition of it. Who else played the game and how long ago did it start? Sports fans know that learning the history of a sport is one of the best ways out there to truly become a knowledgeable, well-informed participant, even if you don’t actual play the sport. Plus, when you get into a conversation with another enthusiast, you can much more easily know what it is they are saying if you have done your homework.

So what exactly is the history behind field hockey?

Related Games

Like most games and sports, field hockey did not appear out of nowhere. Before it was created, there were lots of games out there that were similar to the game that would eventually become the sport we know of as field hockey. Stick-like and field games have been around for thousands of years, and while field hockey has not been around for quite that long, it does follow a long history of similar games.

• Hurling. Hurling is an Irish sport that is considered to be the world’s fastest field sport. It has been played for over 3,000 years.
• Beikou. A Japanese game that has been played for over 1,000 years.

There are several others for those wishing to investigate a little more. What this tells you is that while field hockey was not invented until much later, people have been playing variants of it since at least the 1200s. For it to have lasted that long, it is obvious that it’s a pretty fun game.

Field Hockey Origins

Field hockey actually originated in the 19^th century, just a couple of thousands of years after similar sports were created, in London. Even when it was created, it took a few versions before it really became the sport we all know and love today.

One of the ways it was originally played was a lot rougher than what we play today. However, certain cricket clubs on the other side of town would soon change that. These players needed something to do during the off seasons, and they didn’t like the sound of playing the vastly popular football. So they invented their own game: field hockey.

While it took several attempts at rule drafting to make everyone happy, they eventually figured it out. As the rules came together and the players began to succeed at the new sport, it became a lot more popular. The first international competition took place in 1895.

Field Hockey and Women

Today, field hockey is popular throughout the United States, as well as the rest of the world, and, possibly more notably, is popular amongst women. The women’s game developed alongside but separately to the men’s game. It took it a lot longer to become popular, and really didn’t start becoming popular to the 1900’s.

The first all lady team was the Molesey Ladies Hockey Club. It was founded in 1887. This led to the first association for women’s field hockey being created just a few years later, in 1894.

In fact, before the 1970’s, field hockey tournaments for women were not competitive. While many leagues formed for women to play field hockey, they all had their own rules and it was hard to find unity. However, eventually, competitive play began and the two major ruling bodies merged. What did this mean? It meant that women’s field hockey could join the Olympics! It did this in 1980.

Field Hockey Stars and Other Famous Players

It is always fun to form connections with famous people and to have role models in the things you do. If you can say, XYZ celebrity is a field hockey fan, then it can make it all that much more fun to play. Similarly, if you can work towards being like field hockey star so and so, then you have a goal that will help you get through the grueling practices even on those days you just want to quit.

So who exactly are the big field hockey stars and who are the stars that love/used to play field hockey?

Here are some field hockey greats you might want to find more about, if you don’t know everything already, when you want a role model to motivate you:

• Carina Benninga (Netherlands)
• Florian Kunz (Germany)
• Jamie Dwyer (Australia)
• Sean Kerly (UK)
• Alyson Annan (Australia)
• Beth Anders (USA)

Now, if you want to forge a connection with a celebrity, then take a look at this list of stars who used to play field hockey:

• Emma Watson (and she even played in college)
• Malia and Sasha Obama
• Grace Kelly
• Ellie Kemper
• Jennifer Lawrence
• Heath Ledger
• And even Kate Middleton has played before

Not only did real celebrities play field hockey, but some famous characters did as well.

• Monica, in Friends, was a field hockey goalie in high school, which is where she unfortunately developed the nickname “Big Fat Goalie”
• Bay and Daphne play for their field hockey team, coached by their brother, on the TV show Switched at Birth
• Blair and Serena played on the field hockey team in Gossip Girl

Stats and Figures on Field Hockey

It is always fun to learn some interesting tidbits about the sports and activities that we love. Here are some of these facts relating to field hockey.

• First Olympic Winner: 1908, Great Britain (who also won the silver and bronze medals as well)

• First Women’s Olympic Winner: 1980, Zimbabwe (Czechoslovakia got silver and the Soviet Union picked up the Bronze.)

• First Field Hockey Team: most likely Blackheath

So there it is; a quick and dirty history of field hockey. While it does not teach you everything, at least it gives you enough basis to go out and have field hockey discussions with fellow fans and players and actually allows you to know what you are talking about.

90,000 Field hockey. Young hockey player’s daily routine

Read also

Football and Hockey

Football and hockey
In the same year 1922 as Emil Zatopek, not in September, but on December 1, another great athlete was born. To us, Russians, his name is especially dear, because it is Vsevolod Bobrov. There are many legends about this bright, amazing man, depicting

Field hockey

Field hockey
It was called so because it used to be played on grass, now the competition takes place on special synthetic surfaces with a small hard orange ball.This type of hockey is the most popular, otherwise it is called Russian hockey or hockey – bendy

Ice hockey

Hockey
Ice hockey is a team sports game. Its purpose is to defeat the opponent’s goal, at the same time to protect their goal from being hit by the opponent’s puck. The team that scores the most goals into the opponent’s goal wins.Washer is

Field hockey

Field hockey
It was called so because it used to be played on grass, now the competition takes place on special synthetic surfaces with a small hard orange ball. This type of hockey is the most popular, otherwise it is called Russian hockey or hockey – bendy

Ball hockey

Hockey with a ball
Bandy can rightfully be considered the older brother of ice hockey and field hockey.Ball hockey or “Russian hockey”, as it is sometimes called, is more than a hundred years old, but it is, as before, popular on the vast territory of our vast planet. Who invented

Field hockey

Field hockey
Field hockey is one of the most ancient sports games. The oldest iconic monument that testifies to this dates back to about 2000.BC NS. Beni Hasan’s pyramid in the Nile Valley depicts two golfers fighting

HOW DOES HOCKEY BEGIN

HOW HOCKEY BEGINS
Twice a year, an advertisement appears in the newspaper “Soviet Sport”, depriving thousands of Moscow boys. However, not only Moscow, but also those who live in the suburbs. The announcement says that the CSKA hockey school is recruiting children … year

LOOKING HOCKEY

LOOKING HOCKEY
Talking about the most memorable matches, I must, naturally, remember the fights with the Canadians, the founders of our game.But before I tell you about the most memorable match of the Super Series-76, a small digression dedicated to the unusual meeting with

They decorate hockey

They decorate hockey
Our team has always had aces of the stroke, such forwards as Vsevolod Bobrov, Vasily Trofimov, Alexander Almetov, Veniamin Alexandrov, Boris Mayorov, Vladimir Vikulov, Alexander Maltsev.But we feared that, “falling into the clutches” of tough Canadian players,

Hockey and training

Hockey and training
I’ve seen a lot of coaches in my life. These are all different people. Some are eloquent, inexhaustible on “stories” from life practice, ready to rush into an argument on any topic, not only about sports. Next to these, as they are called, “talkers” are less noticeable “silent” – those

Hockey

Hockey
When I came to school in the spring of 1972, I could not understand.And what, the world has not turned upside down? After all, ours lost to the Czechs in Prague and for the first time in my memory did not become world hockey champions. But everyone is alive, and even more … Compare the national team of Ovechkin-Malkin-Kovalchuk and that team

Hockey

Hockey
In the fall of 73, we went with a friend to hockey in Voskresensk. The palace accommodated 4,000 spectators, and at all games there was a full house. The public at the Palace is specific – a local gopot in telags, sharpenings stick out almost openly from behind the bootleg.The hucksters have tickets for the five, for us, schoolchildren,

90,000 The most unusual types of hockey

Ball hockey (bandy, Russian hockey)

Let’s start with the most famous example. The rules of bandy (the global name for ball hockey) have a lot in common with football – almost identical field sizes, two halves of 45 minutes each, 10 field players with rounded sticks and a goalkeeper trying to catch a bright rubber ball in special gloves, in almost mini-soccer games the size of the gate.And all this in the open air – 20 years ago, the coldest match in the history of the national championships was held in Krasnoyarsk with 5000 spectators and a temperature of “minus 42” degrees! There is also a version of field hockey for ice hockey – rink bandy or mini ball hockey.

Bandy gained popularity in our country much earlier than the usual ice hockey. Like football, this sport appeared in Russia at the end of the 19th century thanks to the British. The first national championship was held back in 1922, and the tactical features of the game of bandy had a strong impact on the fact that ice hockey gained worldwide recognition as a “Russian style” of play.Currently, such popular KHL teams as “Ak Bars”, “Dynamo”, “Spartak” and CSKA often hold training sessions and friendly matches on the grounds of “Russian hockey”.

Ball hockey has not yet been recognized as an Olympic sport – the confrontation between Russia and Sweden stands out too much against the background of other countries. As in ice hockey, our team holds the record for the number of victories at the world championships (26 times), and the bandy traditions in Finland, Norway and Kazakhstan are also strong. Since the mid-80s, the US national team has become a permanent participant in the world championships, and the most exotic teams at the world championships have become the national teams of Mongolia and African Somalia, from citizens living in Sweden, for many years now.

Field Hockey & Indoor Hockey

Field Hockey & Indoor Hockey

© Wilhelm Westergren / Red Bull Content Pool

Imagine that the world hockey champion is … Pakistan, India or Australia? And this is not a mistake at all when it comes to field hockey! There are also almost football-sized fields, two halves of 35 minutes each, 10 field players each with a goalkeeper, who is the only one who can touch a hard rubber ball with his hands and feet, protecting the mini-football goal in size.All field sticks play with sticks with an even more rounded end than in hockey – both sports have in common and there is a risk of injury, a minimum of protection in field hockey equipment, with the exception of the goalkeeper.

Field hockey is played by men and women all over the world, the international federation of this Olympic sport includes more than a hundred countries – so it shouldn’t be surprising that in some of them the usual word “hockey” is understood at first as the “grass” version. Side-by-side with field hockey there is also a mini-version of this sport in the hall, on the handball court – indoor hockey, which, however, is not yet included in the program of the Olympic Games.The most popular field hockey and indoor hockey are in Holland and Belgium, England and Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, Germany and Spain, South Africa, Malaysia, Iran and Argentina. In Russia, the main centers for the development of these sports are Kazan, Elektrostal, Yekaterinburg, Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Roller hockey (inline hockey, rollerball, rink hockey)

And what if you play ice hockey not on ordinary, but on roller skates? What could be more logical! But they play it in different ways and here you need to delve into history.Roller hockey began to play at the end of the 19th century in England, and the first world championship was held in 1936. It is important to clarify that the design of the rollers then used a pairwise arrangement of wheels (quads), and goals were scored with a rubber ball and sticks similar to field hockey. This version of roller hockey with a ball, not a puck, is also called rollerball or rink hockey, and it is most popular in southern Europe and South America – in fact, Spain and Portugal most often became world champions in this variety.

In North America, they went their own way, bringing roller hockey as close as possible to the present – with the usual ammunition, the size of the court, hockey sticks and a special plastic puck, giving the sport the name inline hockey. Why inline? Back in 1979, two brother hockey players, Scott and Brennan Olson, invented a new type of inline skate roller, in which all 4 wheels are lined up in one line. Since the first world championship in 1996, the US national team has become the champion 8 times, and the world championship has been conquered by the teams of Sweden, Finland, Canada and the Czech Republic – it seems, the usual list of world ice hockey giants, but the Russian national team was limited to participation in only three tournaments , with 4th place in 1997.

The popularity of inline hockey in America (there is also a street version) led to the fact that in the 1990s there was a real league similar to the NHL – with the participation of about 20 teams, tough guys and show elements, with the participation of future and former NHL players ( world hockey legends Brian Trottier, famous goalkeepers Manny Legacy, Peteris Skudra, Garth Snow and Tyler Moss), as well as many players from the post-Soviet space. This is what Lev Berdichevsky, the 2000 Superleague champion with Dynamo, the head coach of the SKA-1946 St. Petersburg youth team, recalls his experience in the roller hockey league in an interview with the MHL official website:

– I was drafted by a club from San Diego in California.The championship was held from May to August, during the AHL off-season. We played one game a week, practiced, so it was a great way to keep ourselves in good physical shape. The only negative – then it was quite difficult to switch to your main skates. It took about a week to properly rebuild. When I was already playing for Dynamo, I received an offer to play for the Russian national roller hockey team at the World Championship. I refused because the tournament coincided in time with Dynamo’s pre-season training camp.

Sledge hockey (sleigh hockey, vertical hockey)

Another kind of hockey familiar to fans is sledge hockey, for people with disabilities. Sledge hockey (from English, sledge – sledge) originated in the 1960s in Sweden – athletes who have problems with the musculoskeletal system take part in the Paralympic version of hockey on sleds of a special design, with two shortened sticks for pushing off and throwing on goal … Since 1994, sledge hockey has entered the program of the Paralympic Games, and since 1996, world championships have been held – the USA and Canada have won the championship 4 times, the Russian national team is also successfully performing, having twice won the bronze medal of the championships and the silver at the Paralympics in Sochi …Note that among the varieties of sledge hockey there are also ice hockey for the blind and “special hockey” for people with intellectual disabilities.

Another type of hockey for those who did not dare to skate. Yes, that’s right – the same ice rink, with hockey sticks, boards and gates – you just need to move on the rubber surface of the ice rink in comfortable running shoes. And to hit a plastic ball, of course – hence the name “ball-hockey”.The sport itself appeared in Canada – since 2017, the development of ball hockey began in our country, and a year later the world championship among men’s and women’s teams took place in Dmitrov, near Moscow. Moreover, the Russian women’s team, reinforced by the players of the local ZhHL team “Tornado”, won gold in the final with Canada, and the men took 4th place, despite the participation of the famous football player Dmitry Sychev.

Hockey under water (underwater, ice)

One of the most unusual types of hockey is undoubtedly underwater hockey! And again England is cunning for inventions – according to legend, in 1954 the owner of a diving club Alan Blake came up with an underwater version of hockey in order to keep visitors in the winter and called the game “octopush” (from the word octopus – “octopus”).How do you play this? It’s very simple – there are 10 players in each team (six in the water, four on a substitute), each equipped with fins, masks, pipes and small clubs.

The object of the game is to score a goal by moving the puck along the bottom of the pool against an aluminum or stainless steel goal. The order in the game and the scoring of the goal are also observed by three referees – two in diving gear in the water and one on the surface, the game is played in two periods of 15 minutes. The first world championship in underwater hockey was held in 1980, and the world championship among women’s teams was soon held.With the popularity of underwater hockey, its under-ice version appeared, on a frozen reservoir. The main thing is to have strong lungs and float on time to get some air!

Broomball (broom hockey)

Is it any wonder that another version of hockey has appeared in Canada – broomball, aka broom hockey! But this is quite a serious sport with a rich history and fame all over the world – the first match was played back in 1909, later they began to play broomball in the USA, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and even Japan and Australia! How to play it? There are five field players and a goalkeeper on the ice field – but instead of skates, shoes with tenacious soles, and you also need to score the ball into the goal with a broomstick as a club! It is reported that even Moscow has its own broomball league – foreign citizens, mainly employees of the embassies, play on ice-covered tennis courts.By the way, the World Broomball Championships, or Challenge Cups, are held every two years.

Don’t forget about the Red Bull Helmet and Leggings!

Red Bull Helmet and Leggings!

© Pavel Sukhorukov / Red Bull Content Pool

Well, have you played all these types of hockey? For a list of all the varieties of your favorite game, it’s time to forget about the rules of our yard hockey holiday Red Bull Helmet and Kragi – so we will remind you! We play two periods of 15 minutes each, with a five minute break.The game is played on a 46×23-meter court – in a four-by-four format (with two substitutes) and without goalkeepers! No clicks and power tricks, throws and offsides, and the gate is a mountain of tires with a slot in the center, which is not easy to get from a long distance! And, of course, the usual playoff format, “hockey without the right to defeat” – in case of a draw in regulation time, overtime “3-on-3” is appointed before the first goal scored, the winner goes on!

Scottish field hockey title.Why is field hockey slowing down in Russia? They started playing hockey: what’s next

Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH

). The International Ice Hockey Federation includes more than 126 countries.

There is also a variety of indoor field hockey – indoor hockey, which is considered a separate sport and is distinguished not only by the surface, but also by the smaller size of the court and the number of players in each team.

Field hockey is very popular in Holland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, England, Ireland, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Malaysia.

Rules of the game

As with all types of hockey, players use sticks. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent’s goal with a stick. It is prohibited for any player other than the goalkeeper to touch the ball with their hands or feet. The players wear ordinary sports shoes. All over the world, field hockey is played on artificial turf.

The victory is won by the team that scores more goals during the game than the opponent. If the score is equal, a draw is declared (in some tournaments, extra time may be applied, and at the end of it – shootouts).

There is a European Hockey League (EHL). This league has the best teams from all over Europe and the rules have changed significantly.
Usually, in field hockey, the cards (penalties) are distributed as follows:

• for a minor violation of the rules, the referee shows the player a green warning card, and in the EHL a green card is the removal of the player who violated the rules from the field for 2 minutes;
• in regular field hockey championships, a yellow card is the removal of a player from the field for 2-5 minutes
  at the discretion of the judges, and depending on the magnitude of the violations, and in the EHL – 5-10 minutes;
• red card both in regular championships and in EHL – this is a removal until the end of the game, and it is possible to skip subsequent matches – depending on the violations.

The game is played by two opposing teams of 11 people. In regular field hockey championships, the game lasts 70 minutes – 2 halves of 35 minutes, with a break of 10 minutes, and in the EHL 4 halves of 17 minutes 30 seconds with a five-minute break between halves.

A goal will be awarded if the kick was struck from within the circle of kick.

If the ball goes out of bounds by the attacking team, a goal kick is played. If the ball goes away from the defending team, then a corner is played.

If a player of the defending team fouls in the kick circle, the attacking team will take a free kick.

The goalkeeper may only hit the ball with any part of the body or the playing side of the stick. A penalty is awarded only if the ball is pressed against the goalkeeper, or the goalkeeper deliberately knocks the ball out with his hand.

“Dead zones” for the goalkeeper on penalties are the lower left corner at a distance of 40 to 60 cm from the ground (depending on the height of the goalkeeper) and the upper right “nine” (provided that the goalkeeper is right-handed).

Write a review on the article “Field hockey”

Literature

• Competition Rules. Field hockey. Field Hockey Federation of Russia, 2011, Moscow.

Notes

Links

An excerpt characterizing Field Hockey

Third, and the most incomprehensible, is that people who study history deliberately do not want to see that the flank march cannot be attributed to any one person, that no one ever foresaw it, that This maneuver, just like the retreat in Fili, in the present has never been presented to anyone in its integrity, but step by step, event by event, moment by moment flowed from an infinite number of very diverse conditions, and only then was it presented in all its integrity when it was completed and became the past.
At the council in Fili, the prevailing thought among the Russian authorities was a self-evident retreat in a direct direction back, that is, along the Nizhny Novgorod road. Evidence of this is the fact that the majority of votes at the council were cast in this sense, and, most importantly, the well-known conversation after the advice of the commander-in-chief with Lansky, who was in charge of the provisions section. Lanskoy reported to the commander-in-chief that food for the army was collected mainly along the Oka, in the Tula and Kaluga provinces, and that in the event of a retreat to Nizhny, the supplies of provisions would be separated from the army by the large river Oka, through which transportation in the first winter is impossible.This was the first sign of the need to deviate from the previously seemed most natural direct direction to Nizhny. The army held on to the south, along the Ryazan road, and closer to the reserves. Subsequently, the inaction of the French, who even lost sight of the Russian army, worries about protecting the Tula plant and, most importantly, the benefits of approaching their reserves, forced the army to deviate even further south, to the Tula road. Having crossed with a desperate movement behind Pakhra onto the Tula road, the commanders of the Russian army thought to stay at Podolsk, and there was no thought of the Tarutino position; but the countless number of circumstances and the appearance of the French troops again, who had previously lost sight of the Russians, and the battle plans, and, most importantly, the abundance of provisions in Kaluga forced our army to deviate even more to the south and cross into the middle of its food routes, from Tula to Kaluga road, to Tarutin.Just as it is impossible to answer the question when Moscow was abandoned, it is impossible to answer exactly when and by whom it was decided to go to Tarutin. Only when the troops had already come to Tarutin as a result of countless differential forces did people begin to assure themselves that they wanted this and had foreseen this for a long time.

The famous flank march consisted only in the fact that the Russian army, retreating all straight back in the opposite direction of the offensive, after the French offensive had stopped, deviated from the direct direction taken at first and, not seeing the pursuit behind itself, naturally moved in the direction where he was attracted by the abundance of food.
If one imagined not brilliant generals at the head of the Russian army, but just one army without commanders, then this army could not have done anything other than moving back to Moscow, describing an arc from the side with which there was more food and an edge was more abundant.
This movement from the Nizhegorodskaya to the Ryazan, Tula and Kaluga roads was so natural that the marauders of the Russian army fled in this very direction and that in this very direction it was required from Petersburg for Kutuzov to transfer his army.In Tarutino, Kutuzov received almost a reprimand from the sovereign for leading the army to the Ryazan road, and he was pointed out to the very situation against Kaluga, in which he was already at the time he received the emperor’s letter.
Rolling back in the direction of the push given to him during the entire campaign and in the Battle of Borodino, the ball of the Russian army, while destroying the push force and not receiving new jolts, assumed the position that was natural to him.

In which country did you come up with the game – HOCKEY? and got the best answer

Answer from Irina Robertovna Makhrakova [guru]
Information about where and how hockey originated is contradictory.However, historians claim that the prototype of ice hockey was various types of games on the grass, the history of which goes back to the time of ancient Greece.

The word “hockey” comes from the French “hockey” (shepherd’s stick hook). The first description of field hockey was made by 1330 in an old Italian manuscript.
Some 16th century Dutch paintings depict a multitude of people playing a hockey-like game on a frozen canal.
Despite all this, Canada is believed to be the birthplace of modern ice hockey and Montreal (although more recent research points to the primacy of Kingston, Ontario or Windsor, Nova Scotia).
When Great Britain conquered Canada from France in 1763, the soldiers brought field hockey with them to this land. By attaching cheese cutters to their boots, English and French-speaking Canadians played the game on frozen rivers, lakes and other bodies of water.
On March 3, 1875, the first ice hockey match was held at the Victoria Ice Rink in Montreal, as reported by the Montreal Gazette. The teams consisted of 9 people. They played with a wooden puck and borrowed protective gear from baseball. For the first time, a hockey goal was installed on the ice.
In 1877, several students at McGill University in Montreal invented the first seven rules of ice hockey. In 1879, a rubber washer was made.

In 1886, the number of players decreased from 9 to 7, there were a goalkeeper, front and rear defenders, a center and two forwards on the ice, and a rover (English robber) was acting in front of the entire width of the field – the strongest hockey player, the best throwing the washers. The team played the entire match in one composition, and by the end of the game the athletes literally crawled on the ice from fatigue – only the player who was injured was allowed to replace (in the last period and only with the consent of the opponents).In the same year, the first international meeting was held between the Canadian and English teams.
In 1893, the Governor General of Canada, Lord Frederick Arthur Stanley, purchased a goblet that looked like an inverted pyramid of silver rings for £ 10 to present to the country’s champion. This is how the legendary trophy appeared – the Stanley Cup.
In 1900, the net was added to the gate. Thanks to this new product, the controversy about whether a goal is scored or not has stopped.

The first professional team was formed in Canada in 1904.At the same time, they switched to a new game system – “six by six”, set the standard size of the court – 56 × 26 m, which has changed little since then.
The birthday of ice hockey in Russia is December 22, 1946, when the first matches of the first USSR ice hockey championship were played in Moscow, Leningrad, Riga, Kaunas and Arkhangelsk. The Russian Ice Hockey Federation was founded in 1991.
In 1929, goalkeeper C. Benedict of Montreal Maroons donned a mask for the first time.

The first ice hockey puck was square.A modern hockey puck is made of vulcanized rubber and weighs 200 grams. As a result of strong blows, the puck’s flight speed reaches 193 km / h. Before the start of the game, the puck is frozen so that it does not spring.

See commentary for the ending.
Irina Robertovna Makhrakova
Higher mind
(2396199)
Much did not fit in the answer, there is still very interesting information.
Unfortunately, I have not found any reproductions of paintings by artists of the 16th century depicting a game of hockey.

Reply from
[guru]
in Canada)

Reply from Ђanyushka
[guru]

The forerunner of modern ice hockey can be considered ball and stick games on the ice of Holland in the 16th century. Then similar games spread to England and Scandinavia, where they were transformed in the 19th century. ice hockey – bandy. Modern ice hockey has taken shape as a sports game in Canada, the nature of which (numerous reservoirs freezing in winter and long winters) contributed to the spread of this game in the best possible way.In the beginning, they played not with a puck, but with a heavy ball (“shinny”). “British soldiers played shinny at Kingston Harbor in 1843,” reads the Kingston Hockey Hall of Fame sign. In another source, the Canadian historian E. Horsley claims that in 1847 in Kingston during hockey matches, teams consisted of 50 or more players. In the court chronicle on the pages of Montreal newspapers for the same year (1847), it is said that the court of Montreal received complaints about young people who, at the city skating rink, “drove flat stones on the ice with sticks.”

Reply from Igor for TS C K A! ****
[guru]
Christmas trees – sticks .. everyone knows that in Somalia ….
you think they became pirates .. They want to return the brand .. hahahah, don’t be offended – it’s a joke !!!

Reply from Ѕuligan Magnitka
[guru]
Tajikistan!

Reply from KUANDYK ABILOV
[guru]
Canada.

Reply from Yolava Khoroshevsky
[guru]
In Canada. Students came up with it.

Reply from Nurlan
[guru]
Lukashenka is considered the founder of hockey.He also came up with the layout of the hockey rink during the compilation of his
election program.
The first ice hockey match took place in 1242 and went down in history under the name
“Ice Rampage”. It was won by the Russian team, who beat the world team with a crushing score. It was also the first sports competition shown on Belarusian national television. The last match has not yet taken place, but it is planned for March 32. According to the UN, the only country that does not play hockey is Moldova, as all the ice in it goes to bricks.The biggest hockey disappointment is the Liechtenstein team’s skipping of the 2007 World Cup due to the war with Switzerland. Currently, the popularity of hockey has dropped significantly due to the showing of Dom-2 and Anna Semenovich.

> Who Invented Hockey?

Hockey, according to historians, was invented in Ancient Egypt in the 2nd millennium BC. For the title of the country where hockey was invented with rules that are very similar to modern ones, two states are fighting. These are the USA and Canada. In Canada, the cities of Winsor, Kingston and Halifax compete with each other.Residents of the American city of Washington claim that it was in their city that people first began to play hockey. And it is still unclear where the modern hockey was invented.

Which country is considered the birthplace of hockey?

Hockey has existed since very ancient times. The prototype of this game was found in Egypt 4 thousand years ago. Of course, at that time there were no artificial ice rinks yet, and there was never any natural ice in Africa. But the very principle of the Egyptians’ game was very similar to modern hockey.Then, instead of clubs, the players had sticks, and the puck was replaced by some small object. A group of people played in a specially marked area. Later, hockey spread to other places such as the Roman Empire, Greece. Hockey was played by the peoples inhabiting Latin America. This happened even before the first Europeans sailed there. Hockey, which most closely resembled modern hockey, originated in the 18th century in England. Moreover, this sport developed and changed for several centuries, until, finally, in 1908 it was included in the Olympic Games.

Why doesn’t “a coward play hockey”?

A coward does not play hockey, because this is a game for real men. In hockey, players skate and hold sticks in their hands. The whole game takes place at high speeds. In order not to receive serious injuries from a blow with a stick, puck or collision with other players, hockey players wear special protection. Despite this, injuries are not uncommon in this sport. That is why “a coward does not play hockey.”

What are the current rules for hockey?

Hockey is played by two teams, each of which consists of six people.All team players play while standing on skates. Each team has a goal into which the opponents must hit the puck. Most often, games are held in indoor stadiums, where the ice on the rink is artificially frozen using special devices. Hockey players are dressed in a special uniform that protects them from damage, because hockey is a pretty tough game.

The team that scores the most goals during the meeting wins. The goal of each team is guarded by a goalkeeper. His task is not to let the puck into the goal.Hockey is played according to certain rules. If the hockey players of any team violate the rules, they are fined for this by the referees, who make sure that the game is fair. The guilty hockey player must sit for some time on the bench. During such a sitting, his team has a hard time, because they remain in the minority. Opponents often use this to hit the puck with the least amount of effort.

Who most often became the world hockey champion?

The world champions in hockey most often became two countries – Russia (USSR) and Canada.Russia became the champion 23 times. Canada – 22 times. Sweden ranks third on this list. This country became World Champion 7 times. Next comes Czechoslovakia, which has won the championship title 6 times. After the collapse of Czechoslovakia, two states were formed – the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Czech Republic became World Champion 4 times, and Slovakia 1 time. The USA team became the champion 2 times. Finally, the teams from Finland and England won once.

Who most often became the USSR (Russian) ice hockey champion?

Most often, the CSKA (Central Sports Club of the Army) Moscow team became the USSR Champion in hockey.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the main team that won the most championship titles was the Metallurg team from the city of Magnitogorsk. CSKA became the Champion of the USSR from 1947 to 1950, in 1954-1956, 1957-1966, 1967-1968, 1969-1973, 1974-1975 and 1976-1989. Metallurg became the champion in 1998-1999, 2000-2001 and 2006-2007.

What is the NHL?

NHL – The National Hockey League is the official sports organization, which includes teams from Canada and the United States.This organization was formed in 1917, at that time it included 4 teams. Now there are 30 teams playing in the NHL. All of them compete among themselves for the right to own the Stanley Cup. The best hockey players of the planet play in this organization. All of them are attracted not only by the fact of participation in such a solid organization, but also by the significant salary that the NHL pays to its hockey players. Moreover, hockey players do not always come to the NHL themselves. Good hockey players from around the world are offered a lot of money by the NHL to come and play in its ranks.

What is field hockey?

Field hockey is an Olympic summer sport and the most popular type of ice hockey. In the world, this sport is simply called hockey, however, in Russia they say – field hockey to distinguish it from ice hockey. Interestingly, in field hockey, a ball is used instead of a puck. This game, in the vast majority of cases, takes place outdoors, but there is a kind of field hockey, which is played indoors. This field hockey is called indoor hockey.This game is very common in India, Australia and Pakistan. In Russia, this sport is not widespread.

Good afternoon, my dear curious! Glad to see you on the blog page. Do you love hockey? Maybe you are ardent fans of our national team or you yourself are not averse to skating with a hockey stick? Winter is ahead, and this means that soon a crowd of children will fall out onto the flooded skating rinks of yards and huge stadiums, happily driving the puck on the ice.

Have you ever wondered who invented hockey? And when did this winter sport come into our sports life as an organized game with rules and attributes? Let’s look for answers to our questions, so that we can tell about this later in the next research project.

Lesson plan:

Who started playing first?

The emergence of ice hockey has been in the center of controversy for a long time, no one is ready to give up the parental championship, so in which country and in what year this game appeared – versions will probably still circulate about this for a long time.

According to the established tradition, Canada is considered the homeland of hockey. Undoubtedly, the country of the maple leaf has made a huge contribution to the development of this popular winter sport today, it is here that hockey was formed as a game.Nevertheless, many are not ready to consider Canada as the ancestor. And that’s why.

Historians say that the origins of hockey go back to the days of ancient Hellas, when they drove the ball on the grass. A similar game was captured on the walls at the home of the Olympic Games in Athens.

Something reminiscent of modern hockey existed in Ancient China as early as 4500 years ago. Indians from the American continent were also not averse to passing the ball to each other in their free time with the help of curved sticks, as evidenced by the frescoes with drawings that have survived to our times.

The Dutch are ready to call themselves the birthplace of hockey, as some of their artists’ paintings dating back to the 16th century depict people skating and playing on the ice of river channels.

They also have in their piggy bank an engraving of the 18th century, on which the nobleman froze on skates, and in his hands he has a stick like a modern one, which is played by hockey players.

Many argue that similar games on ice appeared by the 18th century in England and Scandinavia. So, after the British conquered Canada in the country of the maple leaf, many began to observe soldiers attaching knives to their shoes for cutting cheese, driving a wooden ball along frozen rivers and lakes.Sometimes the ball was replaced with ordinary stones.

In the archives of court documents in Canada for 1847, there are complaints from Montreal residents about the actions of young people who “drove flat stones with sticks” at a public skating rink. This is the first documentary evidence of the birth of hockey.

An ice squad is conducting a fierce battle,

We believe in the courage of desperate guys.

Real men play hockey.

A coward does not play hockey.

People started playing hockey: what’s next?

As it is now clear, the game on ice began to be actively played by ordinary amateurs in Canada in the middle of the 19th century. What happened next? How did hockey move from frozen reservoirs to huge ice arenas and grow into a professional sport? A small marathon over the years.

There was another problem with that old hockey. Have you ever stuck to iron in the cold? I don’t advise it, it’s very painful. And the referee’s whistle in the then hockey was metal! So he stuck, poor man, with his lips at every violation or hammered puck.The referee’s torment ended with the replacement of the iron assistant with a bell, and only then they made a plastic whistle.

By the way, by this year the first ice rink with artificial ice was built in Montreal for playing hockey.

This is interesting! At first, the judges did not throw in the puck, but put it on the ice, as a result of which impatient players often got them on their hands with clubs. Only in 1914 did the rules change, making it easier for referees to work in a traumatic manner.

How did the washer come about?

Did you know that the usual hockey puck for us owes its appearance on the ice to an ordinary ball? At first, the wooden ball was an attribute of the game of field hockey, then it smoothly passed for playing on ice, but was soon changed to a wooden disc.But wood is an inelastic material and impractical for this purpose.

In 1879, the round bumps were cut off a rubber ball, and since then the hockey puck has a rubber base and a flat shape.

The very first shells did not have clear dimensions and weight requirements. Only later, by trial and error, did the characteristics of the hockey puck appear, which it corresponds to today. Rubber or plastic is used as the main material for it, which can withstand the onslaught of the game and exorbitant loads.

In order for the puck to be visible to hockey players during the game, soot is used in its manufacture. But it turns out that it can be of different colors. We are all used to seeing the projectile black. However, in training can be used:

Colored – of course, you can still see them on the ice, but why do we need white? It’s simple: they are designed exclusively for training goalkeepers to increase their concentration.

This is interesting! A standard sports equipment should be 2.54 cm thick, 7.62 cm in diameter, and can weigh from 150 to 170 grams.Of course, there are shells that are lighter and heavier. And before the game, the puck is frozen so that it does not bounce on the ice like a spring. By the way, the speed of the puck launched from the club reaches 160 km / h and more.

How did the hockey uniform come about?

We figured out the appearance of the washer. How did the hockey players come to the form in which they represent their teams today? After all, as we said earlier, in the first match they “rented” the uniform from baseball.

At first, Canadian hockey players wore ordinary knitted sweaters for matches, which differed only in color.

Over time, each team tried to be remembered not only by the game, but also by its appearance. To do this, they began to invent and apply different emblems, so that the players “knew by sight”, they wrote numbers and surnames on their backs.

Yes, and the material from which the uniform for hockey players was made has changed. Today it is a well-known polyester, which is capable of air permeability, is both lightweight and durable.

Each hockey team has at least two kits – home and away.As a rule, a home suit is chosen in dark colors, but on departure, as on a holiday, in a light uniform.

This is interesting! Professional hockey players are superstitious: many of them don’t shave before playing. This tradition was introduced by the Americans from New York, who, being unkempt and not shaved, won 4 Stanley Cups in a row in 1980. They began to believe in such a good omen, but it doesn’t always help …

Well, we have our own signs on the blog! For example, this

If you prepare well for the lesson, you will definitely get an A!

And yes, I almost forgot, would you like to decorate the defense of your project about the invention of hockey with the release of the Yeralash newsreel? I think this will make your classmates very happy, and the teacher will be interested too)

That’s it for today!

Academic success

Evgeniya Klimkovich.

Field hockey
is one of the most ancient sports games. The most ancient
the monument dates back to around 2000 BC. On the pyramid
located near the town of Beni Hasan in the Nile Valley, two
player with golf clubs fighting for the ball.
Historical documents show that games similar to hockey were and
among the ancient Japanese (“kachi” and “dakiu”), and among the Aztec Indians (“chuka”).
The next of the discovered historical monuments of the game applies only to
AD 1200.On thick stained glass in the northern chorale
Canterbury Cathedral in England painted a boy,
holding a club in his left hand and a ball at his right shoulder. In Copenhagen
the museum on the altar is a figurine depicting two hockey players,
point guards the ball. It dates back to 1333.
The modern name of the game hockey may have come from
the old French word “hoquet” – a shepherd’s staff with a hook:
many historians agree that the pioneers of field hockey
are the shepherds who whiled away their free time playing this game in the summer
pastures.

Field hockey today

Field hockey found its present face in the middle of the 19th century in England
.
The development was based on schools and universities. Education dates back to 1861
the world’s first ice hockey club. It was the Blackheath Club in London.
The players gathered at the Princess of Wales Hotel, chose from
bag of a hat in red or blue (the club kept these colors up to
present) and went out to play on a nearby field – red
against the blue.The game was then played by both sides of the club. The ball was fairly light and
made of rubber. The hockey field measured 200 by 60 yards.
Soon other hockey clubs appeared: “Teddington”, “Surbiton”,
Richmond, East Surrey.
The first rules of the game were developed in 1852. In 1860,
the rules of the game at Eton College. In every school, in every club at that
time had its own version of the rules of the game. The first club to try
to standardize rules was East Surrey. The rules of 1875 said,
that “the club must not rise above the shoulder”, “the goal cannot be
scored if the ball was penetrated from a distance of more than 15 yards from the rack
goal “,” the ball must be white “.Only with the foundation of the first
Official National Field Hockey Association (18 January 1886)
the rules were unified and collected in the form of a code. In 1887 there was
the length of the stick is limited, and the goalkeeper has the right to play with his feet in a circle
blow. In 1889, the grid was introduced as a required attribute.
gate. In 1907, many of the rules were defined that still apply today.
By the end of the 1970s. field hockey has become the most popular sport
among students of Oxford and Cambridge universities. First
an official field hockey match took place between the students of these training
institutions.It was played in 1890.
By the end of the 19th century. field hockey has spread to many European countries,
penetrated to India, then to Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand,
Japan. In the late 40s. 20th century this game began to develop in countries
Africa. The first international ice hockey meeting took place in 1895.
Grass: The match was played in Rila between the teams of Ireland and Wales.
Organization and conduct of international competitions, clarification
the rules of the game were originally dealt with by the International
field hockey board.On January 7, 1924, the International Ice Hockey Federation was founded in Paris.
grass – FIH. The initiator of its creation was the Frenchman Paul Lioti, who became
its first president.
FIH originally united 7 national hockey associations
European countries: Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Spain, France,
Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. In the same year, the first FIH charter was adopted.
The International Field Hockey Federation unites 119 national
federations and associations of Asia, America, Africa, Europe and Oceania.
Nowadays in many countries of the world field hockey in popularity
ranks second after football among team sports,
competitions in which are held in the open air.

Formation of women’s field hockey

Modern women’s field hockey began its history in the 70s of the XIX
century. In 1876, the world’s first women’s hockey club appeared in England,
educated by the students of the University of Oxford. First national
The Women’s Field Hockey Association was formed in 1894 in Ireland.
Then the same associations arose in England and Wales. By the beginning of the 20th century
women’s hockey teams appeared in European countries, Canada, USA,
New Zealand and Australia.But until the 1920s. women’s teams competition
were held within the framework of national tournaments and meetings. International
matches with the participation of hockey players began only in 1926.
In 1927, at the constituent congress in London,
International Federation of Women’s Hockey Associations (IFWHA). But only
48 years later in Amsterdam, in the interest of women’s hockey participation in
Olympic Games, the Supreme Council of Field Hockey was established, in which
included the leaders of the International Federation of Field Hockey (FIH) and
IFWHA.This advice has been recognized by the International Olympic Committee, and in
1976 it was decided to include women’s field hockey in
the Summer Olympic Games program. Since 1978, uniform
rules of the game for men’s and women’s teams.

Olympic tournaments

The program of the Summer Olympic Games includes field hockey tournaments among
men’s teams were first incorporated in 1908.Since 1932 they have been organized in
all summer Games. Women’s national teams participated for the first time in
Olympic Games in 1980.The formula of the competition has changed several times: in
1908 and 1952 the hockey tournament was held on a knockout system, in
1920 and 1932 – in a circular system. At all other Olympic
Games – mixed system: preliminary games in two subgroups
are held in a circular system, the final part (drawing of medals and
subsequent places) – according to the Olympic system.
During the time during which field hockey is included in the program
Olympic Games, highest total number of medals won by teams
India – 11 (8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze), the Netherlands – 13 (3,
4, 6), Germany (taking into account the results of Germany) – 11 (3, 5, 3), Australia –
10 (4, 3, 3), Pakistan – 8 (3, 3, 2), UK – 7 (3, 1, 3) and
Spain – 4 (1, 2, 1).Seven hockey players are triple
Olympic champions, and they are all representatives of the Indian national team
different years: Richard Allen and Dhayan Chand (1928, 1932 and 1936), Leslie
Claudius, Ranaganandhan Francis, Balbir Singh, Randhir Singh Gentle
(1948, 1952, 1956) and Udham Singh (1952, 1956, 1964).