What is nitrous oxide and how does it affect the body. How is noz used recreationally. What are the risks of using whippets. How common is nitrous oxide abuse. What are the short-term and long-term effects of noz use. How can nitrous oxide addiction be treated. What are the legal implications of using whippets.
What Is Nitrous Oxide (Noz) and How Does It Work?
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as “noz” or “laughing gas,” is a colorless gas composed of nitrogen and oxygen. It has been used medically since the late 18th century, primarily in dentistry and anesthesia. When inhaled, nitrous oxide produces a rapid, short-lived euphoric effect, often described as a “happy drunk” feeling.
The exact mechanism of action for nitrous oxide is not fully understood, but researchers believe it works through several pathways:
- Depresses sensations, including hearing, touch, and pain
- Inhibits normal functioning of emotional centers in the brain
- Mildly affects intelligence, memory, and concentration
- May cause euphoria by temporarily depriving the brain of oxygen
Does nitrous oxide affect everyone the same way? No, the effects can vary based on factors such as:
- Individual weight and size
- Overall health status
- Amount and frequency of use
- Concurrent use of other substances
Recreational Use of Nitrous Oxide: The Whippets Drug
While nitrous oxide has legitimate medical uses, it has also become popular as a recreational drug, particularly among teenagers. The recreational use of nitrous oxide is often referred to as “doing whippets.”
How do people use nitrous oxide recreationally? Common methods include:
- Inhaling from whipped cream canisters (“whip-its”)
- Using whippet cartridges and balloons
- Directly inhaling from whippet cartridges (not recommended due to pressure and temperature risks)
- Misusing other products containing nitrous oxide, such as computer cleaning sprays
Why is nitrous oxide called “whippets”? The term comes from the small metal cartridges (whippets) used to charge whipped cream dispensers, which contain pressurized nitrous oxide.
Effects of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use
When used recreationally, nitrous oxide can produce a range of short-term effects:
- Euphoria and laughter
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Tingling sensations in extremities
- Auditory distortions
- Blurred vision
- Disorientation and lack of coordination
- Numbness in the body
- Feelings of floating or vibration
How long do the effects of nitrous oxide last? Typically, the “high” from nitrous oxide is very short-lived, lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to a few minutes.
The Dangers of Nitrous Oxide Abuse
Despite its seemingly harmless nickname of “laughing gas,” recreational use of nitrous oxide can pose significant risks to health and well-being.
What are the immediate risks of using nitrous oxide?
- Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen
- Frostbite from the cold temperature of the gas
- Injuries from falls or accidents due to disorientation
- Potential for overdose, especially when combined with other substances
Are there long-term health effects of nitrous oxide abuse? Yes, chronic use can lead to:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause nerve damage
- Memory problems and cognitive impairment
- Weakened immune system
- Reproductive issues
- Increased risk of depression and other mental health problems
Prevalence of Nitrous Oxide Use: A Growing Concern
The recreational use of nitrous oxide has become increasingly prevalent, particularly among young people. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), “whip-its” are the most popular recreational inhalant in the United States.
How many people have tried nitrous oxide recreationally? SAMHSA reports that over 12 million users in the US have used whip-its at least once. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) notes that the majority of first-time users are 16 or 17 years old.
Why is nitrous oxide use so common among teenagers?
- Easy accessibility through legal products
- Perception of being a “safe” drug due to medical use
- Short duration of effects, making it easier to hide from parents or authorities
- Peer pressure and social media influence
Mixing Nitrous Oxide with Other Substances: A Dangerous Cocktail
Some users combine nitrous oxide with other drugs or alcohol to enhance or alter the effects. This practice significantly increases the risks associated with nitrous oxide use.
What are the dangers of mixing nitrous oxide with other substances?
- Increased risk of overdose and respiratory depression
- Unpredictable effects on heart rate and blood pressure
- Enhanced disorientation and loss of coordination
- Potential for severe psychological reactions
How does nitrous oxide interact with specific substances?
- Alcohol: Intensifies confusion and impairs coordination
- Stimulants: Can lead to dangerous fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure
- Psychedelics (LSD, mushrooms): May cause intense dissociation and heightened risk of accidents
- Ketamine: Increases risk of severe dissociation and respiratory depression
Recognizing Nitrous Oxide Addiction and Seeking Help
While nitrous oxide is not considered physically addictive in the same way as substances like opioids or alcohol, regular use can lead to psychological dependence and compulsive behavior.
What are the signs of nitrous oxide addiction?
- Increased tolerance, requiring more nitrous oxide to achieve the same effects
- Continued use despite negative consequences to health, relationships, or work/school performance
- Spending significant time obtaining, using, or recovering from nitrous oxide use
- Neglecting responsibilities or activities in favor of using nitrous oxide
- Experiencing cravings or urges to use nitrous oxide
How can someone get help for nitrous oxide addiction? Treatment options include:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to address underlying issues and develop coping strategies
- Support groups and peer counseling
- Inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation programs
- Holistic approaches such as mindfulness and stress management techniques
Legal and Ethical Considerations of Nitrous Oxide Use
The legal status of nitrous oxide is complex and varies by jurisdiction. In many countries, including the United States, nitrous oxide itself is not classified as a controlled substance. However, its recreational use or distribution for non-medical purposes may be illegal.
What are the legal implications of using nitrous oxide recreationally?
- Possession or use of nitrous oxide may be illegal in some jurisdictions when intended for recreational purposes
- Selling or distributing nitrous oxide for recreational use is often illegal
- Driving under the influence of nitrous oxide is illegal and dangerous
- Some countries have implemented age restrictions on purchasing products containing nitrous oxide
Are there ethical concerns surrounding nitrous oxide use? Yes, several ethical issues arise:
- The potential for harm to users, especially young people
- The environmental impact of nitrous oxide production and disposal
- The misuse of medical-grade nitrous oxide, potentially affecting its availability for legitimate medical purposes
- The role of social media in promoting or glorifying nitrous oxide use
Prevention and Education: Addressing Nitrous Oxide Misuse
Preventing nitrous oxide misuse requires a multifaceted approach involving education, policy, and community engagement.
What strategies can be employed to prevent nitrous oxide abuse?
- Comprehensive drug education programs in schools that include information about inhalants like nitrous oxide
- Public awareness campaigns highlighting the risks of recreational nitrous oxide use
- Stricter regulations on the sale and distribution of products containing nitrous oxide
- Training for healthcare providers to recognize and address nitrous oxide misuse
- Support for research into the long-term effects of nitrous oxide abuse
How can parents and educators address nitrous oxide use with young people?
- Open, honest communication about the risks of drug use, including nitrous oxide
- Providing accurate, non-judgmental information about the effects and dangers of inhalants
- Encouraging healthy coping mechanisms and stress management techniques
- Fostering a supportive environment where young people feel comfortable seeking help or advice
The Role of Healthcare Providers in Addressing Nitrous Oxide Misuse
Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in identifying, preventing, and treating nitrous oxide abuse. Their involvement can include:
- Screening patients for inhalant use, including nitrous oxide
- Providing education about the risks of recreational nitrous oxide use
- Offering referrals to addiction specialists or mental health professionals when necessary
- Monitoring patients for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency or neurological complications
Future Directions in Nitrous Oxide Research and Policy
As the prevalence of nitrous oxide misuse continues to be a concern, ongoing research and policy development are crucial for addressing this issue effectively.
What areas of research are important for understanding nitrous oxide abuse?
- Long-term neurological effects of chronic nitrous oxide use
- Development of more effective treatment approaches for nitrous oxide addiction
- Exploration of potential medical applications for nitrous oxide beyond anesthesia
- Investigation of the social and cultural factors contributing to nitrous oxide misuse
What policy changes could help address nitrous oxide abuse?
- Implementing stricter controls on the sale and distribution of nitrous oxide-containing products
- Developing international standards for regulating recreational nitrous oxide use
- Increasing funding for prevention and treatment programs focused on inhalant abuse
- Collaboration between health agencies, law enforcement, and education systems to create comprehensive prevention strategies
The Impact of Technology on Nitrous Oxide Use and Prevention
Advancements in technology are shaping both the landscape of nitrous oxide use and efforts to prevent its misuse. Consider the following:
- Online platforms and social media influencing trends in recreational drug use
- Development of apps and digital tools for addiction recovery and support
- Use of data analytics to identify patterns of nitrous oxide abuse and target prevention efforts
- Potential for telemedicine to increase access to addiction treatment services
As our understanding of nitrous oxide and its effects on the body continues to evolve, so too must our approaches to prevention, treatment, and policy. By addressing this issue from multiple angles – medical, social, legal, and educational – we can work towards reducing the harm associated with nitrous oxide misuse while preserving its valuable medical applications.
Oxide (Noz) and Its Effects on the Body: Whippets Drug
Dentists often use nitrous oxide to alleviate discomfort during dental procedures.
Also known as laughing gas, nitrous oxide causes a calm feeling for patients, but it does not put the patient “out.” The ratio of the gases is well controlled in a dentist office or hospital since supplemental oxygen is given.
Outside of the dentist chair, nitrous oxide is used as a drug, most commonly by teenagers, and the ratio between the gases is not controlled during street use.
Has your nitrous oxide use become unmanageable? Take our addiction assessment now. It’s free and 100% confidential.
What Is Nitrous Oxide?
Nitrous oxide is a gas consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. The use of nitrous oxide as a drug began back in the late 1700s and early 1800s. As an inhalant, nitrous oxide relaxes smooth muscle tissue. By doing so, it dilates blood vessels, in the lungs in particular.
Nitrous oxide reduces pain and provides the person with a pleasurable feeling. Some describe it as a “happy drunk” feeling. The person may experience auditory effects, such as hearing turning into a continual electronic throbbing sound or the sensation of the ears being clogged. Visual effects are possible too. For instance, the person may have blurred vision. It is not uncommon for someone using noz to feel a lightheaded, dizzy, or cloudy feeling.
What Happens When a Person Uses It?
Noz may cause a tingling sensation, especially in the arms and legs. The person may experience a feeling of vibrations or warm sensations. It is possible for the person to feel a floating feeling.
Those who use noz often develop a tired or weak feeling. It is possible for the person to experience uncoordinated movements, uncontrollable laughter, sweating, or numbness in the body.
In most cases, the “high” lasts less than one minute; others will experience the feeling for several minutes.
Just like with other drugs, how a person responds to nitrous oxide is dependent on the person’s weight, size, health status, the amount used, the frequency of use, and what, if any, other substances the person is using at the same time.
How Does Nitrous Oxide Work?
The exact mechanism of action behind how N2O works is not known. Researchers believe a few different mechanisms are active when a person takes nitrous oxide. Through observation, researchers have noticed it depresses all sensations, including hearing, touch, and pain. It appears to prevent some of the emotional centers in the brain from functioning normally. It only mildly affects intelligence, memory, and concentration. One theory behind why nitrous oxide causes euphoria is because it deprives the brain of oxygen.
How Is It Used?
Generally, those who use nitrous oxide use a food-grade version of it. It is easily obtainable this way either via a whipped cream can or a whipped cream charger. Oftentimes, the nitrous oxide in the whip cream chargers leaves an oily residue behind. The person may suck the gas – which is used to propel the cream – out of a whipped cream canister. This is known as doing a “whip it.”
Cartridges known as whippets contain the gas as well. A person punctures the top of the cartridge to let the gas escape, and the person puts a balloon on the end of the charger and sucks the gas out of the balloon in order to warm the gas and normalize the pressure of it. Some individuals suck the nitrous oxide directly out of the whippet.
Automotive-grade nitrous oxide should never be used since it contains sulfur dioxide, which is unpleasant to inhale and has the potential to harm the lungs. Whiteout – the white substance used to correct typos – contains N2O and may be sniffed to acquire the gas. Additionally, someone may use solvents or glue to obtain the same high.
It is not uncommon for a person to use noz along with an illicit drug or prescription medication in order to enhance the high or alter the feeling. Mixing substances has the potential to increase a person’s risk of serious consequences from nitrous oxide, such as suffocation. For instance, mixing N2O gas with a stimulant or other similar drug has the potential to alter the person’s heart rate and blood pressure. Nitrous oxide combined with ketamine, LSD, mushrooms, cannabis, or salvia can cause intense dislocation. When mixed with alcohol, confusion, reduced concentration, and sluggishness are greater than when nitrous oxide or alcohol is used alone.
How Common Is Nitrous Oxide Use?
- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, also known as SAMHSA, reported “whip-its” as being the most popular recreational inhalant of choice. In fact, more than 12 million users in the US have tried whip-its at least once. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports a majority of first-time users are 16 or 17 years old and choose to use whip-its as opposed to other inhalants.
- Those who want to repeatedly use nitrous oxide may go to their local grocery store. Balloons are filled with it and sold at concerts, and teenagers and young adults attend parties where the drug is sold. In some areas, law enforcement is cracking down on the use of nitrous oxide, especially as a party drug. The LA County sheriff’s office identified more than 350 illegal parties where nitrous oxide was being sold in 2014.
What Are the Side Effects of Noz?
The side effects of noz vary in severity. Also known as “hippie crack,” this drug causes short-term effects, such as:
- Difficulty breathing
- Temporary loss of motor control
- Decrease in blood pressure
- Changes in heart rate
When used directly from a tank or canister, noz has the potential to cause cold-related burns to the lips, throat, and skin because of the temperature of N2O. When used from a tank, the pressure has the potential to damage to the lungs.
In large quantities, it may cause more severe effects. For instance, a user might experience a loss in blood pressure. The person may faint from a single-use. It is even possible for the person to have a heart attack or die suddenly from asphyxiation. The National Institutes of Health published material that described 20 deaths associated with the use of recreational N2O from either anesthesia tanks, whipped cream machine dispensers, or whipped cream cans. One of the deaths was from a racing fuel tank. Autopsy results all suggested asphyxia as the cause of death.
What Are the Negative Long-Term Health Effects?
Doing whip-its or abusing noz in any other form has the potential to cause long-term effects on a person’s health. It causes brain cells to die as a result of the oxygen deprivation known as hypoxia. The brain damage can be permanent.
A person’s body requires vitamin B12 for normal brain function and nervous system function. It is vital in the formation of healthy red blood cells and DNA. Individuals who use noz regularly reduce their availability of B12. This has an impact on the nerves in both the upper and lower extremities. It oftentimes results in numbers in the toes or fingers, which may or may not be permanent. It is possible for other nerve damage to occur, such as limb spasms.
Brain damage from noz use causes memory loss in some individuals. Although rare, psychological issues are possible, ranging from depression to psychosis. Other long-term effects of the drug include a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears, incontinence, or disruption to the reproductive system. Birth defects are possible when a woman uses nitrous oxide during pregnancy.
Can a Person Become Physically Dependent on Noz?
The gases in N2O do not have any properties that make them physically addictive. Therefore, people who stop using nitrous oxide will not have any physical symptoms of withdrawal, such as nausea, abdominal cramping, or diarrhea. However, the person may experience psychological dependency, meaning the individual will repeatedly want to use the drug to achieve the high. An individual may experience agitation as a result of not having the nitrous oxide and may go to extremes to obtain it.
Does Noz Cause Withdrawal?
Noz does not cause withdrawal symptoms, besides craving more of the substance. A user may continuously try to achieve the same, immediate high or try to take bigger “hits” to increase the high once the drug exits the body.
How Is Noz Addiction Treated?
Noz addiction treatment is similar to treatment for other drugs that cause psychological dependency. Treatment revolves around determining any underlying causes of the addiction; in therapy, the client will describe when the noz use began and what factors contributed to it. The therapist will help the client change behaviors and thoughts associated with the addiction, helping the person to develop healthier coping mechanisms that don’t involve substance use. By addressing routines, behaviors, and thoughts associated with the addiction, the therapist helps the client change to promote long-term recovery.
In addition, addiction treatment and rehab in Orange County involves various other complementary therapies and treatments. Potential program offerings include specialized therapies, such as art therapy, wilderness therapy, equine-assisted therapy, or music therapy. Wellness programs that include exercise regimes, yoga classes, meditation workshops, and massage therapy may be included as well. Other standards in addiction treatment include group therapy, 12-Step-based programs, and family therapy.
The key is that treatment should be customized to fit the unique needs of each individual in treatment. There is no one-size-fits-all approach that works for everyone in recovery. A high-quality program will understand this and tailor treatment programs accordingly.
Issues Affecting California
- Southern CA. Rehab Guide
- DUIs After Legalization
- Safe Use Houses in California
- Fentanyl ODs in Orange County
- Will CA. Lawmakers Tax Painkillers?
Oxide (Noz) and Its Effects on the Body: Whippets Drug
Dentists often use nitrous oxide to alleviate discomfort during dental procedures.
Also known as laughing gas, nitrous oxide causes a calm feeling for patients, but it does not put the patient “out.” The ratio of the gases is well controlled in a dentist office or hospital since supplemental oxygen is given.
Outside of the dentist chair, nitrous oxide is used as a drug, most commonly by teenagers, and the ratio between the gases is not controlled during street use.
Has your nitrous oxide use become unmanageable? Take our addiction assessment now. It’s free and 100% confidential.
What Is Nitrous Oxide?
Nitrous oxide is a gas consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. The use of nitrous oxide as a drug began back in the late 1700s and early 1800s. As an inhalant, nitrous oxide relaxes smooth muscle tissue. By doing so, it dilates blood vessels, in the lungs in particular.
Nitrous oxide reduces pain and provides the person with a pleasurable feeling. Some describe it as a “happy drunk” feeling. The person may experience auditory effects, such as hearing turning into a continual electronic throbbing sound or the sensation of the ears being clogged. Visual effects are possible too. For instance, the person may have blurred vision. It is not uncommon for someone using noz to feel a lightheaded, dizzy, or cloudy feeling.
What Happens When a Person Uses It?
Noz may cause a tingling sensation, especially in the arms and legs. The person may experience a feeling of vibrations or warm sensations. It is possible for the person to feel a floating feeling.
Those who use noz often develop a tired or weak feeling. It is possible for the person to experience uncoordinated movements, uncontrollable laughter, sweating, or numbness in the body.
In most cases, the “high” lasts less than one minute; others will experience the feeling for several minutes.
Just like with other drugs, how a person responds to nitrous oxide is dependent on the person’s weight, size, health status, the amount used, the frequency of use, and what, if any, other substances the person is using at the same time.
How Does Nitrous Oxide Work?
The exact mechanism of action behind how N2O works is not known. Researchers believe a few different mechanisms are active when a person takes nitrous oxide. Through observation, researchers have noticed it depresses all sensations, including hearing, touch, and pain. It appears to prevent some of the emotional centers in the brain from functioning normally. It only mildly affects intelligence, memory, and concentration. One theory behind why nitrous oxide causes euphoria is because it deprives the brain of oxygen.
How Is It Used?
Generally, those who use nitrous oxide use a food-grade version of it. It is easily obtainable this way either via a whipped cream can or a whipped cream charger. Oftentimes, the nitrous oxide in the whip cream chargers leaves an oily residue behind. The person may suck the gas – which is used to propel the cream – out of a whipped cream canister. This is known as doing a “whip it.”
Cartridges known as whippets contain the gas as well. A person punctures the top of the cartridge to let the gas escape, and the person puts a balloon on the end of the charger and sucks the gas out of the balloon in order to warm the gas and normalize the pressure of it. Some individuals suck the nitrous oxide directly out of the whippet.
Automotive-grade nitrous oxide should never be used since it contains sulfur dioxide, which is unpleasant to inhale and has the potential to harm the lungs. Whiteout – the white substance used to correct typos – contains N2O and may be sniffed to acquire the gas. Additionally, someone may use solvents or glue to obtain the same high.
It is not uncommon for a person to use noz along with an illicit drug or prescription medication in order to enhance the high or alter the feeling. Mixing substances has the potential to increase a person’s risk of serious consequences from nitrous oxide, such as suffocation. For instance, mixing N2O gas with a stimulant or other similar drug has the potential to alter the person’s heart rate and blood pressure. Nitrous oxide combined with ketamine, LSD, mushrooms, cannabis, or salvia can cause intense dislocation. When mixed with alcohol, confusion, reduced concentration, and sluggishness are greater than when nitrous oxide or alcohol is used alone.
How Common Is Nitrous Oxide Use?
- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, also known as SAMHSA, reported “whip-its” as being the most popular recreational inhalant of choice. In fact, more than 12 million users in the US have tried whip-its at least once. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports a majority of first-time users are 16 or 17 years old and choose to use whip-its as opposed to other inhalants.
- Those who want to repeatedly use nitrous oxide may go to their local grocery store. Balloons are filled with it and sold at concerts, and teenagers and young adults attend parties where the drug is sold. In some areas, law enforcement is cracking down on the use of nitrous oxide, especially as a party drug. The LA County sheriff’s office identified more than 350 illegal parties where nitrous oxide was being sold in 2014.
What Are the Side Effects of Noz?
The side effects of noz vary in severity. Also known as “hippie crack,” this drug causes short-term effects, such as:
- Difficulty breathing
- Temporary loss of motor control
- Decrease in blood pressure
- Changes in heart rate
When used directly from a tank or canister, noz has the potential to cause cold-related burns to the lips, throat, and skin because of the temperature of N2O. When used from a tank, the pressure has the potential to damage to the lungs.
In large quantities, it may cause more severe effects. For instance, a user might experience a loss in blood pressure. The person may faint from a single-use. It is even possible for the person to have a heart attack or die suddenly from asphyxiation. The National Institutes of Health published material that described 20 deaths associated with the use of recreational N2O from either anesthesia tanks, whipped cream machine dispensers, or whipped cream cans. One of the deaths was from a racing fuel tank. Autopsy results all suggested asphyxia as the cause of death.
What Are the Negative Long-Term Health Effects?
Doing whip-its or abusing noz in any other form has the potential to cause long-term effects on a person’s health. It causes brain cells to die as a result of the oxygen deprivation known as hypoxia. The brain damage can be permanent.
A person’s body requires vitamin B12 for normal brain function and nervous system function. It is vital in the formation of healthy red blood cells and DNA. Individuals who use noz regularly reduce their availability of B12. This has an impact on the nerves in both the upper and lower extremities. It oftentimes results in numbers in the toes or fingers, which may or may not be permanent. It is possible for other nerve damage to occur, such as limb spasms.
Brain damage from noz use causes memory loss in some individuals. Although rare, psychological issues are possible, ranging from depression to psychosis. Other long-term effects of the drug include a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears, incontinence, or disruption to the reproductive system. Birth defects are possible when a woman uses nitrous oxide during pregnancy.
Can a Person Become Physically Dependent on Noz?
The gases in N2O do not have any properties that make them physically addictive. Therefore, people who stop using nitrous oxide will not have any physical symptoms of withdrawal, such as nausea, abdominal cramping, or diarrhea. However, the person may experience psychological dependency, meaning the individual will repeatedly want to use the drug to achieve the high. An individual may experience agitation as a result of not having the nitrous oxide and may go to extremes to obtain it.
Does Noz Cause Withdrawal?
Noz does not cause withdrawal symptoms, besides craving more of the substance. A user may continuously try to achieve the same, immediate high or try to take bigger “hits” to increase the high once the drug exits the body.
How Is Noz Addiction Treated?
Noz addiction treatment is similar to treatment for other drugs that cause psychological dependency. Treatment revolves around determining any underlying causes of the addiction; in therapy, the client will describe when the noz use began and what factors contributed to it. The therapist will help the client change behaviors and thoughts associated with the addiction, helping the person to develop healthier coping mechanisms that don’t involve substance use. By addressing routines, behaviors, and thoughts associated with the addiction, the therapist helps the client change to promote long-term recovery.
In addition, addiction treatment and rehab in Orange County involves various other complementary therapies and treatments. Potential program offerings include specialized therapies, such as art therapy, wilderness therapy, equine-assisted therapy, or music therapy. Wellness programs that include exercise regimes, yoga classes, meditation workshops, and massage therapy may be included as well. Other standards in addiction treatment include group therapy, 12-Step-based programs, and family therapy.
The key is that treatment should be customized to fit the unique needs of each individual in treatment. There is no one-size-fits-all approach that works for everyone in recovery. A high-quality program will understand this and tailor treatment programs accordingly.
Issues Affecting California
- Southern CA. Rehab Guide
- DUIs After Legalization
- Safe Use Houses in California
- Fentanyl ODs in Orange County
- Will CA. Lawmakers Tax Painkillers?
NOZ decryption. What is NOZ? Values online
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On this page you can find out how this abbreviation – NOZ stands for.
- lowest common denominator
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Abbreviation SakhVf
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- Integrated Prevention diseases
Abbreviations UESK
- Udmurt Energy Retail Company
- UralEnergoServiceKomplekt
- Huesca
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- Association of Indigenous Peoples of Taimyr
Values of abbreviation EALI
- Eurasian Linguistic Institute
Abbreviations Transstroymaterialy
- Office for the supply of railway transport with building materials
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- Interuniversity Center for New Information Technologies in Humanitarian Education
Abbreviation meanings URVC
- cab air flow indicator
Values of abbreviation AB IBG
- Joint Stock Bank Investment Banking Group NIKoil
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- special equipment and communications
- Stavropol Technological Institute of Service
- sales promotion
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- Central club of car and motorcycle tourists
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Abbreviation values state procurements
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- Fidoshnaya Gazeta
Abbreviations Research Institute of Chemistry, St.