How do individuals develop their values throughout life. What are the key stages of values formation according to the Barrett Model. How can understanding values development enhance personal and professional growth.
The Three Periods of Values Development
The Barrett Model, based on the work of sociologist Morris Massey, identifies three critical periods during which values are developed as we grow. Understanding these stages can provide valuable insights into human behavior and personal growth.
The Imprint Period (Ages 0-7)
During the Imprint Period, children are highly impressionable, absorbing information and beliefs from their environment like sponges. This stage is crucial for establishing a foundation of right and wrong.
- Children accept much of what they experience as true, especially from parents
- Early traumas and deep-seated beliefs can form during this time
- The concept of morality begins to take shape
Why is the Imprint Period so influential? At this young age, children lack the critical thinking skills to question or filter the information they receive, making it a pivotal time for shaping their worldview.
The Modeling Period (Ages 8-13)
As children enter the Modeling Period, they begin to experiment with different values and behaviors, often mimicking those around them.
- Children “try on” different values like clothing
- Parents remain influential, but other figures gain importance
- Teachers and religious leaders may have a significant impact
How does the Modeling Period differ from the Imprint Period? Instead of blindly accepting values, children in this stage actively test and explore different belief systems, laying the groundwork for their own unique identity.
The Socialization Period (Ages 13-21)
The Socialization Period marks a shift towards peer influence and a desire for independence from earlier programming.
- Peers become the primary source of influence
- Media and popular culture play a significant role
- Individuals seek to establish their own identity
Why do peers become so influential during the Socialization Period? As adolescents strive for autonomy and self-discovery, they naturally gravitate towards those who share similar experiences and values.
The Journey to Principled Values
The Barrett Model also explores the progression from pre-moral to principled values, highlighting the challenges and importance of developing strong moral convictions.
Pre-moral Stage
In the pre-moral stage, individuals lack a developed sense of values and may act solely based on self-interest.
- Young children and some adults with personality disorders may exhibit pre-moral behavior
- Actions are driven by immediate needs and desires
- Little consideration is given to the impact on others
How does the pre-moral stage affect decision-making? Without a moral compass, individuals in this stage may struggle to navigate complex social situations and maintain healthy relationships.
Conventional Stage
Most people operate within the conventional stage, adhering to societal norms and values learned from their environment.
- Values are primarily derived from parents, teachers, and peers
- Rules are followed to maintain social harmony
- Occasional breaches may occur if needs are threatened or consequences seem unlikely
Why do most people remain in the conventional stage? This level of moral development provides a balance between personal desires and social expectations, allowing individuals to function effectively in society.
Principled Stage
The principled stage represents the highest level of moral development, where values become an integral part of one’s identity.
- Values are internalized and consistently upheld
- Moral decisions are based on absolute principles rather than situational factors
- Individuals may sacrifice personal gain to maintain their principles
What distinguishes principled individuals from those in the conventional stage? Principled individuals demonstrate unwavering commitment to their values, even in the face of adversity or personal cost.
The Power and Responsibility of Values Development
Understanding the process of values development carries significant implications for personal growth, education, and leadership.
Guiding Values Formation
Knowledge of values development can be used to positively influence individuals and societies.
- Parents and educators can create nurturing environments for healthy values formation
- Leaders can inspire and motivate by exemplifying principled behavior
- Individuals can engage in self-reflection to identify and refine their core values
How can understanding values development contribute to personal growth? By recognizing the sources and stages of values formation, individuals can actively shape their own moral compass and make more intentional life choices.
The Double-Edged Sword of Influence
While the power to shape values can be used for positive ends, it also carries the potential for manipulation and control.
- Dictators and authoritarian regimes often target education systems to indoctrinate youth
- Religious sects may employ intensive early childhood programming
- Media and advertising can exploit values formation to influence consumer behavior
How can we protect against the misuse of values development knowledge? Critical thinking skills, diverse experiences, and open dialogue are essential safeguards against undue influence and manipulation.
Applying the Barrett Model in Personal and Professional Life
The insights provided by the Barrett Model can be leveraged to enhance personal growth, improve relationships, and foster effective leadership.
Self-Reflection and Personal Development
Understanding your own values journey can lead to greater self-awareness and intentional living.
- Identify the sources of your current values
- Examine any conflicts between imprinted values and personal beliefs
- Set goals for aligning actions with core values
How can self-reflection on values enhance personal growth? By critically examining the origins and evolution of your values, you can make more conscious choices about the principles that guide your life.
Improving Relationships and Communication
Recognizing the values development process in others can lead to more empathetic and effective communication.
- Understand the generational differences in values formation
- Practice active listening to uncover underlying values in conflicts
- Find common ground by identifying shared core principles
How can understanding values development improve interpersonal relationships? By recognizing that others may have formed their values through different experiences, you can approach disagreements with greater patience and understanding.
Ethical Leadership and Organizational Culture
Leaders can use the Barrett Model to create more aligned and values-driven organizations.
- Articulate and embody core organizational values
- Develop hiring and training processes that reinforce shared principles
- Create opportunities for employees to engage in values-based decision-making
How can leaders use the Barrett Model to shape organizational culture? By consistently modeling and reinforcing desired values, leaders can create a more cohesive and purpose-driven work environment.
Challenges and Limitations of the Barrett Model
While the Barrett Model offers valuable insights into values development, it’s important to consider its limitations and potential criticisms.
Cultural Variations in Values Formation
The model may not fully account for diverse cultural perspectives on values and moral development.
- Different societies may emphasize collective vs. individual values
- The timing and importance of developmental stages may vary across cultures
- Some cultures may prioritize different moral principles
How can we adapt the Barrett Model to be more culturally inclusive? Researchers and practitioners should consider incorporating cross-cultural studies and perspectives to create a more universally applicable framework.
Individual Differences and Exceptions
Not all individuals will progress through the stages of values development in the same way or at the same pace.
- Some people may skip stages or develop values in a non-linear fashion
- Traumatic experiences can disrupt or alter the typical values formation process
- Neurodiversity may impact how individuals internalize and express values
How can we account for individual variations in values development? It’s crucial to approach the model as a general framework rather than a rigid prescription, allowing for flexibility in its application.
The Role of Ongoing Life Experiences
The Barrett Model focuses primarily on early life stages, but values can continue to evolve throughout adulthood.
- Major life events can prompt reevaluation of core values
- Exposure to new cultures or ideas can shift perspective
- Personal growth and self-reflection may lead to values refinement
How can we incorporate lifelong learning into the values development model? Expanding the framework to include strategies for ongoing values assessment and refinement could enhance its relevance across the lifespan.
The Future of Values Development Research
As our understanding of human psychology and neuroscience advances, new avenues for exploring values development are emerging.
Integrating Neuroscience and Values Formation
Brain imaging studies are providing new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying moral decision-making and values internalization.
- Identifying brain regions associated with different types of moral reasoning
- Exploring how values become encoded in neural pathways
- Investigating the role of emotions in moral judgment
How might neuroscience research influence our approach to values development? As we gain a deeper understanding of the brain’s role in values formation, we may be able to develop more targeted interventions and educational strategies.
The Impact of Technology on Values Development
The digital age presents new challenges and opportunities for shaping values, particularly during the critical developmental periods.
- Social media’s influence on peer-driven values during adolescence
- Virtual reality as a tool for empathy development and perspective-taking
- The role of AI and algorithms in reinforcing or challenging existing values
How can we harness technology to support positive values development? By understanding the potential impacts of digital environments, we can design more intentional and ethical technology that promotes healthy values formation.
Evolving Societal Values and Global Challenges
As the world faces unprecedented global issues, the nature of values development itself may be shifting.
- The emergence of global citizenship and universal values
- Adapting values development models to address climate change and sustainability
- Balancing individual rights with collective responsibility in an interconnected world
How might values development theories evolve to address 21st-century challenges? Future research may need to consider how values formation can be oriented towards solving complex global problems and fostering greater cooperation across cultures.
The Barrett Model provides a valuable framework for understanding the complex process of values development throughout human life. By recognizing the critical periods of values formation and the journey towards principled living, individuals and leaders can make more intentional choices about the beliefs and behaviors that shape their lives and communities. As we continue to explore the intricacies of values development, we open new possibilities for personal growth, effective leadership, and positive societal change.
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Explanations > Values
Periods of development
We are not born with values, so how do people develop their values? There are three periods during which
Periods of development
Sociologist Morris Massey has described three major periods during which
The Imprint Period
Up to the age of seven, we are like sponges, absorbing everything around us
The critical thing here is to learn a sense of right and wrong, good and bad.
The Modeling Period
Between the ages of eight and thirteen, we copy people, often our parents,
At this age we may be much impressed with religion or our teachers. You may remember
The Socialization Period
Between 13 and 21, we are very largely influenced by our peers. As we develop
Other influences at these ages include the media, especially those parts
Becoming principled
It’s tough to have high moral values, but some people get there.
Pre-moral
In the pre-moral state, we have no real values (we are thus ‘amoral’). Young children are premoral.
Conventional
Most people have conventional values, as learned from their parents, teachers
The bottom line of this state is that we will follow them just so long as we
Principled
When we are truly principled, we believe in our values to the point where
The test of a principled person is that they will stick to their values
If you can understand how people’s values develop, then you can guide the process. This is well
Being principled is a very powerful method of influence. But beware: this is
See also
Learning stage theories,
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Right and wrong are
What are values? Where do they come from? A developmental perspective | Handbook of ValuePerspectives from Economics, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology
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Boer, Diana, and Klaus Boehnke, ‘What are values? Where do they come from? A developmental perspective’, in Tobias Brosch, and David Sander (eds), Handbook of Value: Perspectives from Economics, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology (
Oxford, 2015; online edn, Oxford Academic, 17 Dec.
2015), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716600.003.0007, accessed 9 July 2023.
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Abstract
In human development, values fulfill various roles as individual motivational goals.
Values form and develop in interaction with close others, while the surrounding environment contributes to variability across cultures and changes across time. This chapter introduces perspectives on how values develop and change. It focuses primarily on personal development but also on cultural value change, because values encapsulate personal and cultural continuity and change. Looking at individual value development first, it introduces central developmental theories and links them to value theories, their functions for development, and their measurement. Furthermore, it discusses two phases of value development: in childhood/adolescence and across the lifespan. The chapter closes with a look at societal values and cultural value change. Construing value development from ontogenetic and phylogenetic developmental perspectives enables an integrated understanding of values as central individual, as well as cultural constructs, which are dynamic, multi-layered and complex rather than static, mono-layered and bald.
Keywords:
child development, lifespan development, transmission, functions of values, societal influences
Subject
Developmental PsychologySocial Psychology
Collection:
Oxford Scholarship Online
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Value Hierarchy Model
Values
higher order are formed, as a rule,
for a very long time or forever, and change
only under the influence of very severe
extreme impacts. Big
also of interest are the values
lower order, value becomes
value when an individual
draws attention to the phenomenon
they form a significant part
variety of personal values
those. So, in this hierarchy,
formulate another rule
namely: the higher the order of values,
the fewer values of this order
may exist.
This can be explained
above all, the need for survival
and adaptation, for if a person had everything
values were values of the highest order,
then he would have to or permanently
to sacrifice one’s life or take
unfavorable solutions for themselves, what from the point
in terms of social adaptation, of course,
unacceptable. Figure 1 shows
value hierarchy model.
Rice.
1.
On
this figure with circles of different thicknesses
values of different orders are depicted,
it is reflected that the values of high
orders less than the values of low
orders.
So
way, the natural hierarchy of values
is based on the notion that
the stronger the impact, under the influence
which the individual is able to refuse
from this prohibition, the higher the order
values. Values in the process of life
change their order, constantly migrating.
The higher the order of value, the lower it is.
possibility to reorder
(mobility), but the number of values
low order is always greater than
high order values.
However,
proposed internal classification
values shows only the inner
structure of the value system. Between
how values are responsible for attitudes
to the phenomena of reality. Hence,
it is necessary to propose a classification
values corresponding to different
areas of the environment with which
the individual encounters. Such
classification is proposed, in particular,
N. Rescher, he highlights economic,
political, intellectual and other
values. In our opinion, this approach
suffers from some inconsistency,
although in general the proposed classification
can be accepted and used. However
less, we suggest to use in
as a criterion for constructing an external
classification of life spheres with which
deals with the individual in the course of his
existence, then all values can be
will be divided into the following groups:
Values
health – show what place in
value hierarchy is occupied by health
and everything related to it, what prohibitions
are more or less strong
regarding health.
Personal
life – describe the totality
values associated with sexuality
love and other manifestations of intersexual
interactions.Family
– show attitude towards family, parents
and children.Professional
activities describe relationships and
job and financial requirements
this particular individual.intellectual
sphere – show what place it occupies
in human life thinking and intellectual
development.Death
and spiritual development – values,
responsible for dealing with death
spiritual development, religion and church.society
– values that are responsible for the attitude
person to the state, society,
political system, etc.Hobbies
– values that describe how
be hobbies, hobbies and pursuits
free time for the individual.
So
Thus, the proposed classification,
in my opinion, reflects all types of life
areas that may be encountered
Human.
Conclusion
Peculiarity
values as a cultural phenomenon
is that different, and sometimes
and opposite values,
combine in the mind of one person.
Each individual relates himself to more than one
value, but with some combination of them.
Values enter into interactions
with each other, forming a system that
is an essential element
organization of human behavior.
Sources
information
1.
Lapin N.I. Social values and reforms
in Crisis Russia // Sociological
research. – 1993. No. 9. With. 17-28.
2.
Andreenkova A.V. post-materialistic
and materialistic values in Russia
// Sociological research, 1994, No.
11.
3. Ethics.
Issue. 10: In search of a moral absolute:
antiquity and Boethius – M., 1990
4.
Abramova N.T. values of education,
new technologies and implicit forms of knowledge
//
Questions
philosophy.
– 1998. – No. 6
5.
Tonenkova M.M. Socio-spiritual
values // Social and humanitarian
knowledge.- 2002.-№2
6.
Shilov V.N. Political values:
specifics and functions // Social and humanitarian
knowledge. — 2003. – № 6
Management of Leadership, Values and Changes in the company using Spiral Dynamics tools
What is it?:
Spiral Dynamics is a new and very effective model for the development of a person, a group of people and an organization that turns the idea of human evolution upside down. According to Spiral Dynamics, there are hidden codes (programs) that shape human nature and lead to change.
In order to determine what motivates a person, it is necessary to determine “how this person thinks about the reality” in which he is.
Conflicts and problems that arise in people are often generated by the fact that they belong to different spiral levels of development. Different values inherent in different levels of development give rise to differences in motivation, in the way to analyze and evaluate information and organize one’s life, hence different models of behavior in an organizational context.
Using the spiral dynamics model can be of great benefit in the process of analyzing the corporate culture of organizations, dominant values and adequate mechanisms for motivating and developing employees.
A bit of history:
Developing the famous concept of A. Maslow, in the second half of the last century, the outstanding psychologist K. Graves formulated a new concept that describes the process of human development in accordance with a certain system of human values. Over time, this theory became known as Spiral Dynamics. According to the model of K. Graves, human nature develops in a spiral, while the transition from one level of development to another is associated with the adoption of a new value system.
The K. Graves model was developed by his students D. Beck and. K. Cowan, who have applied this approach with sensational success in psychology, psychotherapy, business, and political modeling.
Program goal:
- to introduce the training participants to one of the most effective models of human and organization evolution ;
- to teach people the ability to determine the individual spiral code of a person;
- build the correct group dynamics in the work of any team consisting of people of different spiral levels and successfully develop themselves, moving from one level to another, higher one;
- analyze different levels of development of the organization , its corporate culture and dominant values;
- determine adequate ways to manage, train and motivate employees .
Training intended:
- for heads of companies, heads of departments, top managers;
- business owners;
- specialists from various fields and all those who are interested in new technologies for personal evolution and organization development.
Suggested training program:
- Spiral dynamics of K. Graves: origins and modernity.
- Basic provisions of the model. Using the Spiral Dynamics Model in Management.
- Levels of development of people: what are they characterized by.
- Values corresponding to each level.
- Organizational Context: A Spiral Dynamics Model for Understanding Employee Culture and Values in Different Organizations:
- How to identify what values employees in the organization are committed to;
- How to present information to employees at different levels of development;
- How to motivate employees with different values;
- How to train and develop staff with this model in mind;
- What rules of interaction between the leader and followers must be taken into account at each level of development;
- What opportunities for teamwork (project) exist at each level of the spiral.
As a result of the program:
Participants will learn how to use Spiral Dynamics for:
- understanding why people think the way they do, make decisions and act the way they do;
- understanding the ways of thinking and the value levels of their employees ;
- the ability to build and implement a more effective communication strategy than before 0078 and achievement of goals ;
- organizational diagnostics , which contributes to effective team building and distribution of roles through highlighting the values of individual employees, the team as a whole and the external environment of the organization ;
- mastering the skills to apply acquired knowledge, skills in their professional activities, business, management, career , personal growth.
The cost of the program includes: necessary training materials, certificate of the First Training Company.
