Pine slang. Western Slang and Lingo: A Comprehensive Guide to Old West Vocabulary

What were common slang terms in the Old West. How did cowboys and frontiersmen communicate. Discover the colorful language of the American frontier

Table of Contents

The Colorful World of Western Slang

The American Old West was a place of adventure, danger, and colorful characters. It’s no surprise that the language used during this era was equally vibrant and expressive. Western slang and lingo developed as a unique form of communication, reflecting the lifestyle, challenges, and culture of the frontier. This article delves into the fascinating world of Old West vocabulary, exploring its origins, meanings, and enduring legacy.

Cowboy Lingo: The Language of the Range

Cowboys played a crucial role in shaping the culture and language of the Old West. Their unique vocabulary reflected the demands of their profession and the harsh realities of life on the range.

Common Cowboy Terms

Pilgrim: A term used by experienced cowboys to refer to an easterner or novice cowhand.
Paint: A horse with irregular patches of white, similar to Indian ponies.
Pinto: Another term for a paint horse.
Pancake: A derogatory term for a small English saddle.
Parade Chaps: Decorative chaps worn for show, often during rodeo grand entry parades.

How did cowboys describe their equipment? The term “pimple” was used to describe the small saddles favored by Easterners, highlighting the cultural divide between the frontier and more settled regions.

Frontier Justice and Firearms

In a land where law and order were often in short supply, firearms played a significant role in daily life. This reality is reflected in the slang terms associated with guns and violence.

Firearm-Related Slang

Pack Iron: To carry a revolver or “shooting iron.”
Peacemaker: A Colt revolver.
Persuader: A general term for a gun.
Plow Handle: A single-action pistol, also known as a “thumbuster,” “cutter,” “smoke pole,” or “hawg leg.”

Why were revolvers called “peacemakers”? This ironic term reflected the idea that carrying a weapon could prevent violence by acting as a deterrent.

Mining and Prospecting Terminology

The Gold Rush and subsequent mining booms brought their own unique vocabulary to the Old West. Prospectors and miners developed a rich lexicon to describe their work and the precious minerals they sought.

Mining-Related Terms

Pay Dirt: When prospectors found valuable minerals, they were said to hit “pay dirt.”
Placer: From the Spanish word for gravel beds, referring to the method of panning for gold.
Pennyweighter: A person who stole small quantities of gold from their employer.

How did prospectors search for gold? They would scoop dirt and water into a pan, swish it to wash away the gravel, and look for gold at the bottom â€“ a process known as “panning.”

Colorful Expressions of the Old West

The frontier lifestyle gave rise to numerous colorful expressions that added flavor and character to everyday speech. Many of these phrases have endured and remain part of American English today.

Popular Old West Expressions

Painting the Town Red: Going out for a wild, fun time.
Pass in One’s Chips: To die.
Peck of Trouble: Great trouble or difficulty.
Plumb Crazy: Completely insane.
Play a Lone Hand: To do something alone.

Where did the expression “painting the town red” come from? While its exact origins are unclear, it’s believed to have emerged in the American West during the late 19th century, possibly referring to the rowdy behavior of cowboys visiting town after a long cattle drive.

The Darker Side of Frontier Life

Life in the Old West wasn’t all adventure and excitement. The harsh realities of frontier existence gave rise to slang terms reflecting the seedier aspects of society.

Slang for Illicit Activities

Painted Cat/Painted Lady: Terms for a prostitute.
Petticoat Pensioner: A man who lives off a prostitute’s earnings.
Pine Top: Whiskey illegally traded to Native Americans for buffalo robes.
Pirooting: A crude term for sexual intercourse.

How did frontier society view prostitution? While often frowned upon, prostitution was a common feature of many frontier towns, reflecting the gender imbalance and harsh economic realities of the era.

Food and Drink in the Old West

The cuisine of the frontier was often simple and practical, but that didn’t stop cowboys and settlers from developing colorful terms to describe their meals and libations.

Food and Drink-Related Slang

Pecos Strawberries: A humorous term for beans, a staple of the cowboy diet.
Pemican: A concentrated food made from dried meat, fat, and sometimes berries, popular among Native Americans and adopted by frontiersmen.
Painting One’s Tonsils: Drinking alcohol.
Pair of Overalls: Two drinks of whiskey.

Why was pemican so important to frontier life? Its high caloric content and long shelf life made it an ideal food for long journeys and extended stays in the wilderness.

The Legacy of Western Slang

The colorful language of the Old West has left an indelible mark on American English. Many terms and expressions that originated on the frontier continue to be used today, adding flavor and character to our modern vocabulary.

Enduring Western Terms

Pan Out: Originally a mining term, now used to mean “to turn out well” or “to be successful.”
Play Second Fiddle: To take a subordinate role, originally referring to the second violinist in an orchestra.
Picayune: Used to describe something trivial or of little value, originally the name of a small coin.
Plumb: Completely or entirely, as in “plumb tired.”

How has Western slang influenced popular culture? The language of the Old West has been immortalized in literature, film, and television, shaping our perceptions of frontier life and adding a distinct flavor to American English.

The slang and lingo of the Old West offer a fascinating glimpse into the culture, values, and daily life of America’s frontier era. From the practical terminology of cowboys and miners to the colorful expressions that have stood the test of time, this unique vocabulary continues to captivate our imagination and enrich our language. As we explore these terms, we gain a deeper appreciation for the ingenuity, humor, and resilience of those who shaped the American West.

Western Slang, Lingo, and Phrases – A Writer’s Guide to the Old West – Page 11 – Legends of America

Jump To: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Begins with “P”

Pack Iron – To carry a revolver or “shooting iron.”

Paddle – To go or run away.

Paint – A horse with irregular patches of white. Kin to Indian ponies, they were strong and tough but never grew very big. Also refers to drinking, alluding to the red nose caused by over-indulgence.

Painted Cat – Prostitute.

Painted Lady – A prostitute.

Painter – In the country a popular name for cougar or panther.

Paintin’ His Nose – Getting drunk.

Painting One’s Tonsils – Drinking alcohol, also referred to as ‘Painting one’s nose.”

Pair Of Stairs – A flight of stairs.

“Painting The Town Red” – A wood engraving by R.F. Zogbaum, in Harper’s Weekly, October 16, 1886.

Painting the Town Red – Going out on the town for a fun, sometimes wild, time.

Pair of Overalls – Two drinks of whiskey.

Pal on – to associate.

Pancake – A derogatory term for a small English saddle.

Pan Out – To pay well, prove profitable.

Parade Chaps – A pair of chaps strictly for show. Might be worn for the grand entry parade at a rodeo.

Pass in one’s chips – To die.

Pay Dirt – When prospectors find valuable minerals they had hit “pay dirt.”

Peacemaker – A Colt revolver.

Peaked – Thin or sickly in appearance.

Pecker Pole – What a logger called a small tree or sapling.

Peck Of Trouble – Great trouble.

Pecker – Appetite.

Peckish – Hungry.

Peck – Eat voraciously

Pedlar’s Pony – A walking stick.

Pecos – To kill by drowning. (Literally, to throw into the Pecos River.)

Pecos Strawberries – Beans.

Pemican – Easily carried food substance on the frontier. Formed by pounding the choice parts of the meat very small, dried over a slow fire or in the frost, and put into bags made of the skin of the slain animal, into which a portion of melted fat is then poured.

Penny Dreadful – A slang term for cheap, lurid fictional magazines that incorporated the same kind of literature as the dime novels. Later generations would call them pulp fiction.

Pennyweighter – In the mining camps of the Old West, a pennyweighter was a person who stole very small quantities of gold from the mining operation for whom he worked.

Perk – Lively, brisk, holding up the head

Persnickity – Peculiar, picky.

Persuader – A gun.

Pertend Up – Better, more cheerful.

Peskily – Very, extremely, confoundedly. “I’m peskily sorry to hear of your loss.”

Petticoat Pensioner – A man who lives on a prostitute’s earnings. Also called Sunday-man.

Picayune – Used to signify something small or frivolous.

Pickaninny – A negro or mulatto infant. Used in the Southern States.

Pick-Back – On the back. Often used when carrying children on the back – piggyback.

Picture – One’s face or one’s person.

Piddle – Waste time.

Piebald – A Paint horse.

In the ole’ days, some might have called this cowgirl a “piece of calico.”

Piece of Calico – A girl or a woman.

Piece of Pudding – A piece of luck, a welcome change.

Piece of Thick – Pressed cake tobacco.

Pied – A paint horse.

Pie Eater – Country boy, a rustic.

Pig Sticker – Knife or bayonet.

Pig Trail – Small side road.

Pike – A name applied in California to migratory poor whites.

Pilgrim – Cowboy term for an easterner or novice cowhand.

Pill – A doctor.

Pilled – Black-balled.

Pimping – Little, petty.

Pimple – The cowboy’s name for the very small saddles used by Easterners.

Pine Top – Whiskey traded to the Indians in exchange for buffalo robes.

Pining Away For – Longing for.

Pink – Denotes the finest part, the essence. She is the pink of perfection.

Pinto – A paint horse.

Pirooting – Having sexual intercourse.

Pistareen – One-fifth of a dollar, a silver coin, formerly in the United States, of the value of twenty cents.

Pitch a Fit – To throw a temper tantrum, get upset.

Placer – Comes from the Spanish word for gravel beds. Prospectors would scoop some dirt and water into a pan, swish it to wash the gravel away, and look for good in the bottom.

Plain-headed – A term that expresses that a lady is not good looking.

Plaguily – Vexatiously, horribly. “I am puzzled most plaguily to get words to tell you what I think.”

Plank, Plank Down, Plank Up – To pay in cash.

Plaster – Flatter

Play a Lone Hand – To do something alone.

Play Second Fiddle – To “play second fiddle” is to take an inferior part in any project or undertaking.

Play to the Gallery – To show off. “That’s just how he is, always has to play to the gallery.”

Played out – Exhausted.

Plow Chaser – A derogatory term for farmer.

Plow Handle – A single action pistol was sometime referred to as a plow handle. These were also referred to as “thumbusters,” “cutters,” “smoke poles,” and “hawg legs.”

To Plum – To deceive.

Plumb, Plum – Entirely, completely. “He’s plumb crazy.”

Plummy – Satisfactory or profitable.

Plunder – Personal belongings or baggage. “Pack your plunder, Joe, we’re headin’ for San Francisco.”

Poke – A small sack, usually made of leather or rawhide. Also refers to a lazy person, a dawdler. “What a slow poke you are.”

Poke-Bonnet – A long, straight bonnet, much worn by Quakers and Methodists.

Poker – Any frightful object, especially in the dark.

Pokerish – Frightful, causing fear, especially to children.

El Paso Texas Pokey

Pokey – Jail

Pony Up – Pay over money. “Pony up that account.” Also, post the pony, i.e. lay down the money.

Poppet – Term of endearment. “Come along, poppet.”

Poppy-Cock – Bosh, nonsense, idle talk.

Pop Skull – Whiskey.

Pop Your Corn – Say what you have to say, speak out.

Porch Percher – A town loafer.

Portage – To carry boats or supplies overland between rivers or lakes.

Portmantle – A valise.

Post the Pony – Pay up.

Pot Rustler – Cook.

Pot Shot – An Easy shot.

Power – A large quantity, a great number.

Pow-Wow – Native American feasts, dances and public doings.

Prairie Coal – Cowchips.

Prairie Dew – Whiskey.

Prairie Oysters – Fried or roasted calves’ testicles. Also called Mountain Oysters.

Prairie Pancakes – Cowchips.

Prairie Tenor – Coyote.

Prairillon – A small prairie.

Prat – Buttock, behind.

Prayer Book – A packet of papers used to roll cigarettes. Also called a “dream book” or a “bible.”

Pray Tell – Tell me.

Predicate – A proposition or argument.

Prehaps – Perhaps.

Priminary – Predicament, difficulty.

Prod, On the – Spoiling for a fight, also referred to as “proddy.”

Prog – Food, provisions of any kind.

NOW IN A BOOK FORM
More Terms, Expanded Definitions + Reverse Lookup + More Pictures

Pshal, P’shaw – An exclamation for nonsense.

Pucker – In a state of irritation or anger.

Puddin’ Foot – An awkward horse.

Pull in your Horns – Back off, quit looking for trouble.

Pull Foot – To leave in a hurry, walk fast, run.

Pull the Leg – To impose upon.

Pull the Long Bow – To tell falsehoods, lie.

Pullin my donkey’s tail – A much older way of saying “are you pullin my leg”

Pulling a Kite – Making a face.

Pulling in the Pieces – To make money.

Punching Dogies – Cowpunching, driving the cattle to market.

Pung – A rude sort of sleigh, or oblong box made of boards and placed on runners, used for drawing loads on snow by horses.

Purge – Beer.

Push Your Barrow – Go away.

Put a Spoke in the Wheel – To foul up or sabotage something.

Put on the Nose Bag – To eat.

Put the Licks In – Run very fast.

Begins with “Q”

Queer Fish – An odd or eccentric person. Also called odd stick and odd fish.

Quincy – An indoor toilet.

Quirley – Roll-your-own cigarette.

Quirt – Whip

Quid – A corruption of cud, as, in vulgar language, a quid of tobacco.

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The secret slang of hospitals: What doctors and nurses call patients behind their backs

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Health

Away from the bedside, perhaps in hallways or at nursing stations, there may be quick and quiet conferences among hospital staff that steer away from empathy and respect

Author of the article:

The Canadian Press Fotolia

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TORONTO — For anyone who’s been a patient or a family member attending a loved one in hospital, the expectation — or at least the hope — is that doctors, nurses and other care providers are empathetic to what ails them and respectful of their needs.

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But away from the bedside, perhaps in hallways or at nursing stations, there may be quick and quiet conferences among hospital staff that suggest they are anything but.

In his new book, The Secret Language of Doctors, Dr. Brian Goldman reveals a veritable dictionary of verbal shorthand used by many physicians, nurses and other health professionals to discuss — and often diss — various types of patients and even their own colleagues.

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[np_storybar title=”Doctor slang:” link=””]
Here is a partial list of slang terms used by some medical professionals in Canadian and U.S. hospitals:

Status dramaticus: A patient who loudly and dramatically magnifies symptoms to get quicker medical attention.

Horrendoma: Refers to a horrendous medical condition.

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Beemer: A patient with a high body mass index (BMI), obese.

Yellow submarine: An obese patient with jaundice caused by cirrhosis of the liver.

Swallower: A term used for certain psychiatric patients.

Frequent flyer, cockroach: A person who turns up repeatedly at the emergency department with a variety of ailments.

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FOOBA (Found on orthopedics barely alive): A patient who has had a joint operation, but has developed heart failure or another critical internal condition not recognized by the orthopedic surgeon.

GOMER (Get out of my emergency room): A patient frequently admitted to hospital with incurable conditions.

Circling the drain, PBAB (pine box at bedside): A patient who can’t be saved and death is imminent.

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Hanging crepe: Preparing family that patient is dying and cannot be saved.

Discharged to God or discharged to heaven: Patient has died.

From The Secret Language of Doctors
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Patient-directed slang includes such terms as: “Yellow Submarine,” referring to an obese patient with cirrhosis of the liver; “frequent flyer” or “cockroach,” for a patient who repeatedly comes to the emergency department with one health complaint after another; and “status dramaticus,” used to describe patients who noisily magnify their symptoms to get quicker medical attention.

Despite its title and contents, Goldman maintains the book isn’t meant to be just about the jargon that medical personnel trade amongst themselves.

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“It’s a book about what the language reveals about the culture of modern medicine and what’s inside the heads and hearts of physicians and allied health professionals, but also the problems that they face, the challenges,” he says.

Goldman, a longtime emergency medicine specialist at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, says disparaging slang used by some doctors and nurses often reflects the frustration they feel when faced with certain types of patients.

For instance, bariatric patients, who could weigh anywhere from 400 to 800 pounds, can pose difficulties for health providers who don’t have size-appropriate stretchers or mechanized lifts to transfer obese patients from the bed to a surgical gurney.

“And I didn’t know until I spoke to surgeons how challenging it is to operate on a patient who is morbidly obese,” he says, explaining that it takes more time to get through layers of fat to reach an organ or other operating site, there are higher complication rates, and patients often need to recover in hospital longer.

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Goldman, host of the CBC Radio program White Coat, Black Art, interviewed doctors and nurses across Canada and the United States for Secret Language. He found slang was often used about certain groups of patients — the economically disadvantaged, those with a psychiatric illness or addiction, the chronically ill, the frail elderly, and people with dementia.

“I have never heard in the hospital where I work a phrase like ’cockroach’ used to describe somebody who comes back again. If I did, I would stop that person immediately,” says the 30-year ER veteran.

‘I didn’t know until I spoke to surgeons how challenging it is to operate on a patient who is morbidly obese’

“And pejorative slang about seniors? I come from a hospital where we treat seniors with respect and dignity,” he says of Mount Sinai, which includes trained geriatric management nurses among staff.

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“So I was really surprised to hear that in some institutions that kind of slang still exists.”

Still, Goldman admits he has favourites when it comes to medical argot.

“I like witty slang — and I’m getting into dangerous territory here — because I love puns,” says the bearded physician-author. He thinks he may even have invented one term — dyscopia — referring to a patient or family member who has difficulty coping.

“Code brown” is another. A word play on the drop-everything, come-running emergency “code blue,” code brown is hospital-speak for feces that needs cleaning up on the ward.

[np_storybar title=”Doctor-patient dynamics: About that other brain in the exam room …” link=”http://life.nationalpost.com/2012/08/27/about-the-other-brain-in-the-exam-room/”]
Earlier this year in the New England Journal of Medicine, medical ethicist Robert Truog wrote: “Until about 1960, most codes of medical ethics relied heavily on the Hippocratic tradition, framing the obligations of physicians solely in terms of promoting the welfare of the patient, while remaining silent about patients’ rights.”

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The key here is that it was the physician who made the call about how best to ensure patient welfare — not the patient. Then patients began to take notice. Take the strange history of radical mastectomy, detailed in Siddhartha Mukherjee’s book The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. The surgical technique was described in 1894 by the Baltimore surgeon William Stewart Halsted, founding chief of the surgery department at Johns Hopkins Hospital.

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“And the last thing that would ever be on the birth plan is a caesarean-section,” Goldman says half-mockingly.

“On the one hand, I should be outraged — it’s a terrible thing to say — but it reflects a certain truism. It reflects that when it comes to a meeting of minds between a woman in labour and her family and the health-care team, there may be differences of opinion. And one of them is about birth plans.

“A birth plan is a misnomer, because you can’t plan everything that’s going to happen.”

That’s not to say that doctors aren’t the subjects of slang labels among their own colleagues: surgeons are often referred to as “cowboys,” internists as “fleas,” and ER doctors such as Goldman as “referologists.”

“It means that somebody thinks that the only thing emergency physicians do is refer [to other specialists],” he explains. “On one level [we] do, but they don’t see all the patients we assess thoroughly and send home without ever referring.

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“It doesn’t bother me because I have a thick skin and I’ve learned to laugh at myself.”

Goldman hopes the book will spark discussion about how to fix the problems that generate the slang in the first place

Goldman suggests much of the slang involved in inter-specialty criticism may be part of hospital culture, arising from an individual’s sense of personal responsibility for a patient’s well-being and the often hard-driving, high-striving personality traits that help get a person accepted to and through medical school.

There is a movement afoot, called medical professionalism, that would try to stamp out the use of often-disparaging slang. But Goldman believes that would only send the patter — and the problems in the health-care system that it reflects — underground.

“It’s a clue to issues that must be addressed and that’s what I’m much more concerned about,” he says, citing the lack of adequate primary care that results in some patients using hospital emergency departments as a stand-in for a family doctor.

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While he concedes there may be some colleagues who will knock him for pulling back the curtain on doctors’ jargon, he hopes the book will spark discussion about how to fix the problems that generate the slang in the first place.

Goldman hopes such discussions would address such issues as medical errors, patient safety, how to keep empathy in health care, and how to train the next generation of health-care professionals to “like treating the patients in increasing numbers that some people use slang to talk about.”

He also hopes “Secret Language” helps humanize medical professionals for the public.

“If you’re a patient or a family member and you’ve stood eyeball to eyeball or sat down with a physician and felt tongue-tied and didn’t feel you could challenge what they were saying … [if] this will somehow help to put you on a level playing field, then I think that’s a really good thing. ”

“If exposing [slang] gets rid of it because we’ve solved the problems in medicine, I think that would be a good day’s work for me.”

–The Secret Language of Doctors: Cracking the Code of Hospital Slang, published by Harper Collins, will be on bookshelves Tuesday.

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French Vocabulary for Pinterest

Pinterest’s interface in France is still in English. So French people using Pinterest are going to use English words, with a strong French accent. However, the French also use some French words – they may prove useful when following a conversation about Pinterest in French.

1 – Avoid a Terribly Embarrassing Mistake When Saying “A Pin” in French

Saying the English word “a pin” could get you in big trouble in France.

I don’t mean to be vulgar and I hope I won’t offense you but I thought this information was worth sharing….

In French, we have a slang word for penis: “une pine” (feminine). It is rather common.

“Une pine” is not pronounced like the tree pine in English, but just like the English word “pin”, like a pin on Pinterest, so more like “pean”. So you can see how problematic this could be!

Now, that’s where the French are ticky. Pinterest users do actually say “UN pin” (pronounced like the English word, like “pean”). Note how the article is MASCULINE though…

So make sure you do say this article (and the adjectives to go with) correctly, in the masculine, or you are in for a bit of embarrassment…

If you are talking to people new to Pinterest, you may get a few smiles, even when using “un pin” correctly… Just like the planet “Uranus” may make some people new to astronomy giggle.

However, once the context is set, or when talking to frequent users, saying “un pin” should fly.

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2 – So “A Pin” in English is “Une Épingle”, “un Pin” or “un Pins” in French?

Une épingle – a pin.
This is the official French Pinterest word for a pin, but nobody uses it (I’ve checked with people in the industry).
Un pin, pronounced with a nasal “in” French sound is a tree: a pine tree in fact… So nothing to do with Pinterest! How confusing.
We talked about “un pin”, pronounced like in English “pean” and the fact that it is masculine in French… Do remember that please!
I have heard people say “un pins”, pronounced the English way with the S pronounced as well (so “peans”)… Maybe to make is less close to the slang French word for penis “une pine”… Pinterest is new enough… we will see what the French choose to say as it develops 🙂

3 – More Pinterest French Vocabulary

Épingler – to pin. This one is used frequently.
Pinner – to pin – used as well – Regular ER verb.
Réépingler – to repin.
Repiner – to repin
Un pinner – someones who pins. Pronounce “eur” like “chanteur”.
Un tableau thématique – a board.
Une invitation – an invitation
S’inscrire – to register
Un thème – a topic
Faire un commentaire – to comment
Une image – an image
Un dessin – a drawing
Une vidéo – a video
Suivre quelqu’un sur Pinterest – to follow someone on Pinterest.
Un abonné, un fan – a follower

Here again, whenever you are using a “pin” (“pean”, English pronunciation) derived word, make really sure you’ve established the context first or you may get some surprised looks!

4 – Typical Conversation About Pinterest In French

Here is a typical conversation with my sister Laure, who has a beautiful Pinterest page 🙂

– Salut Laure, dis-moi, je suis allée l’autre jour voir ton Pinterest ; c’est vraiment super.
Hi Laure, say, I went the other day to see your Pinterest; it’s really great.

– Merci Camille, tu es gentille – j’adore épingler des trucs, je crée des thèmes qui m’inspirent, ça me plaît vraiment.
Thanks Camille, it’s nice of you – I love to pin things, I create topics that inspire me, I really enjoy it.

– Oui, j’aime beaucoup ton tableau “nuages”, j’ai même trouvé une photo artistique dessus que j’ai tellement aimée que je l’ai commandée à l’artiste aux Etats-Unis. Mais tu as plein de pins, c’est vraiment génial.
Yes, I really like your board “clouds”, I even found on it an artsy picture that I liked so much that I ordered it from the artist in the States. But you have lots of pins, it’s really wonderful.

– Je me promène souvent sur Pinterest, et donc je réépingle les pins des autres. Beaucoup de gens me suivent : j’ai trente-deux tableaux et environ deux mille quatre cents abonnés.
I often surf Pinterest and so I repin pins from other people. I have many followers (lit. many people follow me): I have thirty two boards and about two thousand four hundred followers.

– Et ben dis-donc, tu es célèbre !
Wow, you are famous!

– C’est ça les réseaux sociaux !
That’s social media for you!

I hope this will be useful to you. If you can think of other common French Pinterest words, please leave them on the comments or send them to me at [email protected] and I’ll add them to the list.

I will soon be adding an article about Twitter, register to my newsletter to stay tuned.

If you liked this article (please, do “like” this article if you can 🙂 you will also enjoy Olivier’s article about French Computer Terms, and about the French Vocabulary For Facebook.

For more info about French social networks – what’s hot or going down in 2014, read this article (in French).

And of course, you should try my own social network pages – I’m very active so you should follow the links to my pages on Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest, and post one mini lesson daily, tips and more. See you there!

If you enjoy learning French in context, check out French Today’s downloadable French audiobooks: French Today’s bilingual novels are recorded at different speeds and enunciation, and focus on today’s modern glided pronunciation.

Lumber Lingo – The Wood Yard

Here are some helpful abbreviations and charts.

A board foot is 12″ X 12″ X 1″.

Lumber Abbreviations

BF Board feet

Com Common

CLR Clear

E Edge

KD Kiln Dried

RGH Rough

RL Random lengths

RW Random widths

RLW Random lengths and widths

S1S Surfaced one side

S2S Surfaced two sides

S4S Surfaced four sides

Lumber Sizes

A “quarter” system is commonly used in the hardwood lumber industry when referring to thickness. 4/4 refers to a 1 inch thick board, 6/4 is 1-1/2 inch, 8/4 is 2 inches, and so on.

Quarter Size	Rough Dimension	S1S	S2S

4/4	1″	15/16″	7/8″

6/4	1 1/2′	1 – 7/16″	1 – 3/8″

8/4	2″	1-15/16″	1-13/16″

12/4	3″	2-13/16″	2-3/4″

Lumber Grading

Most of the hardwood lumber in the United States and Canada is graded according to the rules established by the National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA). In fact, the NHLA grading rules form the basis for much of the international hardwood lumber trade. The standard grades of hardwood lumber as defined by the NHLA (in descending order of quality) are FAS, FAS 1-Face (F1F), Selects, No. 1 Common, No. 2A Common, No. 2B Common, Sound Wormy, No. 3A Common, and No. 3B Common. In practice, some of the above grades are rarely used in the commercial trade and others are typically combined. For example, FAS and FAS 1-Face are usually combined and sold as “Face And Better”, FAS and Selects as “Sel and Better”, No. 1 Common and Selects as “No. 1 Common and Better”, and No. 2A Common and 2B Common as “No. 2 Common”. The grade of Sound Wormy is rarely used commercially.

Grading is based on the size and number of clear cuttings that can be obtained from a board when it is cut up and used for furniture or other products. The higher grades require wider and longer cuttings of clear wood than the lower grades. The specified clear face yield is also realized in a smaller number of cuttings with the higher grades. In the lower grades, the larger number of cuttings permitted provide more leeway in cutting between defects to realize the yield. With a few exceptions, grade is determined from the worst side of a board.

The surface measure of a board is used to determine the number of cuttings permitted for a given grade. For example, the FAS grade specifies a minimum size of 4″ x 5′ or 3″ x 7′ for cuttings taken from a board that is at least 6″ wide and 8′ long. The maximum number of cuttings is nominally four to produce a clear-face yield of 83 1/3 percent. If the surface area of the board is greater than 6 square feet, an additional cutting is allowed if the yield can be raised to 91 2/3 percent.

In selecting wood for a woodworking project, consider the size of the boards required. In many situations, lower grades are a more economical choice than the higher grades; in particular, consider using Select or No 1. Common grade boards rather than FAS if a relatively larger number of small, clear pieces are required.

Note that unlike softwood grades, hardwood grades do not indicate the strength of the board. Another difference is hardwood grading does not require a certified or licensed grader. Purchasing lumber from well-established reputable sources increases your chances of consistently obtaining accurately graded lumber.

The standard hardwood lumber grades are summarized below:

Grade	Minimum board length	Minimum board width	Minimum cutting size	Min. area of clear cuttings required
FAS	8′	6″	4″ x 5′ 3″ x 7′	83-1/3%
F1F	8′	6″	4″ x 5′ 3″ x 7′	83-1/3%
F1F	8′	6″	4″ x 2′ 3″ x 3′	66-2/3%
Selects	6′	4″	4″ x 5′ 3″ x 7	83-1/3%, 66-2/3%
No. 1C	4′	3″	4″ x 2′ 3″ x 3′	66-2/3%
No. 2AC	4′	3″	3″ x 2′	50%
No. 2BC	4′	3″	3″ x 2′	50%
No. 3AC	4′	3″	3″ x 2′	33-1/3%
No. 3BC	4′	3″	1-1/2″ x 2′	25%

FAS
FAS derives from an earlier grade known as “First and Seconds”. It is the best and most expensive grade. Boards 6″ and wider, 8′ and longer. Yields 83-1/3 percent of clear face cuttings with minimum sizes of 4″ x 5′, or 3″ x 7′. Suitable for fine furniture, interior joinery, solid wood moldings, and other applications where clear, wide boards are needed.

FAS 1-Face (F1F)
One face meets FAS requirements and the poorer face meets Number 1 Common grade requirements. Usually combined with FAS lumber, thereby providing at least one FAS face.

Selects
Face side is FAS, back side is No. 1 Common. Boards are 4″ and wider, 6′ and longer. Yields 83-1/3 percent clear face cuttings with minimum sizes of 4″ x 5′, or 3″ x 7′. A cost effective substitute for FAS when only one good face is required.

No. 1 Common
Often referred to as “Cabinet” grade in the USA due to its extensive use for kitchen cabinets. Boards are 3″ and wider, 4′ and longer. Yields 66-2/3 percent clear face cuttings with minimum sizes of 4″ x 2′, or 3″ x 3′. Provides good value, especially if relatively small pieces can be used.

No. 2A Common
Also known as “Economy” grade. Boards are 3″ and wider, 4′ and longer. Yields 50 percent clear face cuttings 3″ and wider by 2′ and longer. Grade of choice for US hardwood flooring industry.

No. 2B Common
Same as No. 2A Common, except that stain and other sound defects are admitted in the clear cuttings. An excellent paint grade.

Sound Wormy
Same requirements as #1 Common and better but wormholes, limited sound knots and other imperfections allowed. Not commonly available.

No. 3A Common
Boards are 3″ and wider, 4′ and longer. Yields 33-1/3 percent clear face cuttings 3″ and wider by 2′ and longer. Economical choice for rough utility applications: crates, palettes, fencing, etc.

No. 3B Common
Boards are 3″ and wider, 4′ and longer. Yields 25 percent clear face cuttings 1-1/2″ and wider by 2′ and longer. Applications same as No. 3A Common.

Source: National Hardwood Lumber Association

Browse the Aussie Slang Dictionary – results starting with the letter ‘p’

Look up Aussie slang phrases and words you’ll only hear in Australia.

19 slang results starting with the letter ‘p’

Pack it in

Meaning

To give up on something

Used in a sentence

Mate I’m gonna pack it in for the day.

Pat Malone

Meaning

Rhyming slang for on your own.

Used in a sentence

Meaning

A 570 ml (20 fl oz) glass. In Adelaide it is referred to as an ‘imperial pint’, with a pint being a 425 ml glass.

Used in a sentence

Can I get a pint of beer?

POETS Day

Meaning

To leave work early on a Friday. Piss off early, tomorrow is Saturday.

Used in a sentence

Come on, let’s go to the pub, it’s POETS day.

Pommie

Meaning

Person from the UK

Used in a sentence

Meaning

misleading one for amusement

Used in a sentence

He’s only pulling your leg.

Put a sock in it

Used in a sentence

That bloke is such a loudmouth, I wish he’d put a sock in it!

What does “dank” mean? A definition of everyone’s new favorite adjective — Quartz

Welp. Harissa. Glamping. Embiggen. Merriam-Webster just added 850 new words and definitions to their archives, including an updated listing for “unicorn” that explains the noun not just as a mythical beast, but also as a start-up company valued at $1 billion or more. On our short-list for a similar update next year? Dank.

The protean adjective (or adverb if you want to slink dankly along) is now used for so much more than to merely describe things that are “unpleasantly moist.” In modern usage, dank can be used to pinpoint particular qualities in marijuana, beer, and internet humor, or as a general term of praise. If that sounds confusing, it can be. Here’s our dank usage guide.

Dank basements (AKA the original dank)

“Vegetables tended to go bad quickly in the dank cellar. ” This is the example sentence Merriam-Webster provides alongside a brief definition for dank, as something, “unpleasantly moist or wet.” Dankly, as we’ve noted, is the adverbial form, dankness if you need a noun. It has a slightly fusty, Victorian feel, a moody gloom about it fit to describe a drippy basement, rain-slicked alleyway or fetid haunt of any kind. It’s also perfectly acceptable to use it in a more modern context as well, say applied to your gym bag.

Correct usage: The dankness of the shirt I wore to spin class this morning is truly gross.

It’s like a Dickens novel—all orphans and dank, Victorian prisons.

Incorrect usage: They trudged across the hot, dank desert.

Dank weed

Weed is dank’s breakout moment from stolid adjective to countercultural buzzword—and a wholesale flip from an indication of mild unpleasantness to utmost excellence. A dank basement is not a good thing; dank bud is highly desirable. And so far as marijuana is concerned, dank is a real workhorse of a word. It can be used descriptively, as a way to characterize pot’s uniquely green and skunky aroma, or as a nod of approval—dank weed is quality stuff. Powered by the linguistic creativity that has spawned roughly a bajillion names for marijuana (and ways to covertly and overtly tout its qualities) dank can even become a noun in this context—it’s possible to arrive at a friend’s home carrying a quantity of “the dank.”

Also worth noting, people are consuming marijuana and hemp in previously unimaginable new ways, including all manner of edibles, from pot potato chips to CBD-infused honey. In this context dank is also descriptive of a particular flavor, much like with beer—which we’ll get to in a minute. Gerardo Gonzalez, a chef who was describing a CBD tincture told Grub Street that “it tastes ‘dank,’ which is, quite possibly, the new umami.”

It makes an immense amount of intuitive linguistic sense to describe heavy, sticky marijuana flowers as being dank, as the dopers at Kindland point out. It’s at once a word that conjures a sort of ear-to-nose synesthesia, while simultaneously functioning as a portmanteau of “skunk” and “damp.” It just works.

Correct usage: Have you seen the stuff Skeeter is growing in his backyard now that it’s legal? It’s pretty sticky and dank for outdoor weed.

Incorrect usage (unless imbued with sarcasm): I found a bag of shake in my parents’ junk drawer—it must be at least five years old, that shit is dank.

Dank beer

Now that pot is legal in several states and we have a whole budtender culture on the rise in which you can specify the strain you’d like to smoke or the kind of high you’d like to experience, dank is perhaps an overly broad term. Pretty much all good weed, you might say, is going to be accurately described as dank. When it comes to craft beer, however, dank is a much more particular quality.

Though Heineken should definitely be described as skunky, no craft beer fan would call Heineken dank. Very hoppy, cloudy IPAs are dank, which seems to be both a reference to their generally high alcohol content and their funky, green resinous flavors. This style has become known as a New England IPA, though it is produced all over the country, and there appears to be a cottage industry in finding ways to incorporate “dank” when naming such a beer. Five minutes on the internet and you can create a shopping list for the following beers: Dirty Dank Juice, Dank IPA, Mr. Wiggles Double Dank IPA, Redankulous, Dankosaurus IPA, and Highway to the Dankerzone. Sure, you can deem any beer you love as dank, meaning high quality, but when you taste a dank IPA, you know it.

Correct usage: New England IPAs are generally bitter, hazy and dank with tons of hoppy citrus.

Incorrect usage: I’m pretty sure the dank notes in my Budweiser are reflective of its high rice content.

General dankness

In certain circles (read: young bros), calling something “dank” is just the newest way to say it’s cool. This is a subtle shift from calling high quality weed dank—you’re not differentiating a good product from a bad here, you’re just saying that something rules. If this doesn’t roll off the tongue naturally, best to just let this one pass you by. In a profile of Jonah Reider “the dorm-room chef” he reportedly texts a buddy to let him know that the bone marrow they had been discussing turned out to be, “so dank.” Enough said?

Correct usage: If you need an example you should not attempt to use dank in this manner.

Incorrect usage: Any, if not in Reider’s demographic.

Dank memes

Ok, strap in. If dank as an adjective to describe a specific beer flavor or a general property of marijuana is pretty straightforward and easily grasped, then dank memes are quite the opposite. The simplest way to explain them is as internet in-jokes that do one or both of two things: 1. get so played out and tired that they become hilarious all over again, or; 2. are just so weird and nonsensical that they are hilarious.

Think of general usage dank here, basically as a synonym for “cool,” but delivered with an ironic eyeroll. As in, “Cool pants, Mom. Dank memes, Dad.” Don’t forget though, there is value in the very lameness of these, memes; that’s what makes them delightful. Dank memes are sort of like the ironic t-shirts of internet culture. But not nearly so benign. The concept surely began as chat-room slang somewhere, likely 4chan, but it seems to have gained traction on Reddit.

Dank memes are playing with the very shifting quality of the word “dank”. Is that thing your aunt posted on Facebook featuring a Minion complaining about work in some way a dank meme? Yes, probably. Are there also a lot of horrifyingly dark and racist Minions memes that were self-consciously created to be a dank meme? Yes, for certain. By calling something a dank meme are you making fun of someone who would describe something awesome as being dank? Yes, probably. Are you also making fun of someone who would genuinely enjoy said meme? Yes, probably, as well. Does this naming convention engage with the fact that dank went from being something unpleasant to the highest of praise, suggesting that all aesthetic judgments are not just subjective, but strongly influenced by social groups and forces, as well? Yes, probably—if not definitively.

Correct usage: I’m not even going to wade in here because truly, a dank meme is in the eye of the beholder.

Bob Seger will play Pine Knob, not DTE Energy Music Theatre this September

Thursday, May 11, 2017

Posted

By Jack Roskopp

on Thu, May 11, 2017 at 10:51 AM

click to enlarge

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Bob Seger, in all his glory.

Bob Seger must have been feeling a little nostalgic recently because we got a press release saying the rock legend is playing at “Pine Knob” for “one night only” on Saturday, September 9. The show will be his first one at the Clarkston venue in over 20 years.

Seger teased being nostalgic on his website recently with a picture from a show at Pine Knob from 1996 and the words “Starting to feel nostalgic…”, but we didn’t think we’d get a full blown blast to the past with Seger and the Silver Bullet Band performing at the venue.

We all know the venue today as DTE Energy Music Theatre, but back in the day when Seger and his Silver Bullet Band used to play Pine Knob quite regularly. Seger’s last show in the metro Detroit area was at the Palace in 2015.

Tickets go on sale for the show at 10 a.m. on May 20.

Recently, Third Man Records teamed up with Seger to release a special issue of Seger’s 1968 single “2+2

Tags: Bob Seger, DTE Energy Music Theatre, Pine Knob, Image

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Jargon and speech

“Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed on to us by our predecessors …” he said so back in the 19th century. the great Russian writer I.S. Turgenev, showing concern for the preservation and purity of the “great and mighty” language.

“ Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed on to us by our predecessors …” said so back in XIX c.the great Russian writer I.S. Turgenev, showing concern for the preservation and purity of the “great and mighty” language.

The urgency of the problem increases in connection with the announcement by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin is the year of literature in 2015 and necessitates not only a kind of monitoring of the spread of slang speech, but also research into the reasons for the decline in the level of language culture.

In modern conditions, the spiritual heritage of a great nation, the language of outstanding artists of the word A.S. Pushkin, I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov. There is a crowding out of competent literary speech, a noticeable decrease in the general level of speech culture in everyday communication, in the educational process, professional and business, in the media.

Along with the natural process of updating and replenishing the vocabulary of the Russian language, a linguistic occupation is taking place. For example, the words: killer, presentation, indifference, transparency, preference, consensus have more expressive, capacious, understandable for the majority, primordially Russian counterparts: assassin-mercenary, public performance, indifference, transparency, preference, consent.The spread of slang vocabulary is a phenomenon that negatively affects the purity of the Russian language, its brightness and expressiveness.

Lexicon

The first and largest group of words is formed from the general Russian vocabulary by rethinking (“vobla” – a thin girl, “jerk” – to dance). This also includes the formation of new words as abbreviations (“schmuck” – a fool, stupid (from: a person morally depressed), “zoya” – “angry” (from: a particularly poisonous snake).

The second group is a conventionally professional language: “grandmother” – money, “chick” – a girl.

The third group – borrowings from other languages. Over the past 25 years, a large number of Americanisms have passed into the Russian language: “gerla” is a girl, “man” is a guy.

The fourth group is the convergence of words based on sound similarity: for example, “lemon” instead of a million; “Soap”, “Emelya” – instead of e-mail (from the English word e-mail).

Reasons for using jargon

This is, firstly, the desire for informal communication, the desire to oppose oneself to the older generation, to speak with peers in “their own language”.Another reason for the use of jargon is the need of young people for self-expression and mutual understanding, which leads to the formation of youth pop culture. Boys and girls are partly inclined to use jargon by the neglect of chance, danger, death expressed in the word (“falling asleep” – not passing the exam, “getting burned” – getting caught when committing a bad deed, “blind man” – dead). Young people are attracted to the jargon by the sound, the emotionally expressive coloring. Hence such evaluative words: “awesome”, “stunned”, “killer”, “high”.Slang is rich and funny words (“hooves” – legs, “philologist” – philologist), give the speech a humorous, playful character. Student jargon is often based on a successful, witty comparison used by someone (“the strong man from Buchenwald” – we are talking about a thin man; “pencils in a glass” – such associations are evoked by the image of a thin girl with thin legs in boots).

Sociological survey

As the results of a sociological survey conducted among the students of our university show, more than 70% use jargon phraseology.About 50% consider this a normal, common occurrence, allowing one to classify oneself as a special group, subculture, to make speech playful, humorous, although they believe it is possible to do without jargon words.

Moreover, 75% noted that their friends communicate in the same way as they do, 35% – pointed to the comments that parents make to them. Approximately 40% of the respondents named requests, tastes, habits, psychological characteristics, traditions, cultural flaws, upbringing, education, lack of proper control and personal responsibility among the factors and reasons contributing to the spread of youth jargon.

Analysis shows that slang vocabulary, apparently, cannot be abolished, prohibited. She, changing, renewing, with the passage of time, acts for youth as a kind of mask, game, helps to overcome the routine, stereotyped, make statements memorable, adapt, establish themselves in the circle of peers, society.

The attitude towards the use of language should be changed; to carry out measures to carry out systemic events in cultural institutions, educational institutions aimed at respectful attitude, the formation of love for their native pure language, which makes it possible for every Russian to realize himself in everyday life, professional and creative activities.

V.I. Varvanina, S.K. Stanovkin,

Protvino branch of Dubna University

Source: http://inprotvino.ru/novosti/kultura_i_sport/11-03-2015-12-53-47-zhargon-i-rech

90,086 90,000 Passengers

Train	Arrival	Departure	Message	Stops	Frequency of movement	Carrier	Actual movement
6302	02:02	02:03		Anywhere	Except Sunday	BPPK	no data
6304	02:26	02:27		Everywhere except Ost. point 5058 km	Daily	BPPK	no data
6112	03:01	03:02		Grishevo, Kasyanovka, Polovina, Belaya …	Except Sunday	BPPK	no data
6308	03:55	03:56		Everywhere, except for the rest point 5058 km, Quarry, Gorka	Daily	BPPK	no data
6306	04:11	04:12		Everywhere except Calcareous	Daily	BPPK	no data
6312	04:50	04:51		Everywhere, except for Lime, Ost. point 5234 km	Weekends	BPPK	no data
6314	06:12	06:12		Everywhere except Calcareous	Daily	BPPK	no data
6102	07:54	07:55		Oka, Chirkino, Kharagun, Delure …	Daily	BPPK	no data
6320	08:08	08:09		Everywhere except Calcareous	Daily	BPPK	no data
6334	12:23	12:24		Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya . ..	Except Friday	BPPK	no data
6336	12:23	12:24		Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya …	Fridays	BPPK	no data
6108	13:19	13:20		Grishevo, Polovina, White, Malta …	Daily	BPPK	no data
6326	14:13	14:14		Anywhere	Daily	BPPK	no data
6324	14:23	14:24		Anywhere	Daily	BPPK	no data
6328	15:09	15:10		Everywhere except Ost. point 5058 km	Daily	BPPK	no data
6114	17:18	17:19		Oka, Chirkino, Kharagun, Delure …	Daily	BPPK	no data

Train	Arrival	Departure	Message	Stops	Frequency of movement	Carrier	Actual movement
6301	01:14	01:14		Anywhere	Daily	BPPK	no data
6333	02:12	02:13		Everywhere, except Verbny, Partizanskaya, Strawberry, Dark Pad, Moving . ..	Daily	BPPK	no data
6303	02:27	02:27		Everywhere, except Remaining point 5058 km	Daily	BPPK	no data
6305	03:31	03:31		Garden, Countryside, Blue spruce, Summer …	Daily	BPPK	no data
6337	04:25	04:26		Murino, Baikalsk, Baikalsk pass, Utulik . ..	Sundays	BPPK	no data
6335	04:25	04:26		Baikalsk pass, Utulik, Mangutai, Slyudyanka 1 …	Except Monday	BPPK	no data
6307	05:31	05:32		Anywhere	Except Sunday	BPPK	no data
6311	06:34	06:35		Everywhere except Ost. point 5058 km	Except Saturday	BPPK	no data
6103	09:19	09:20		Melnikovo, Akademicheskaya, Irkutsk Passenger, Irkutny Bridge …	Daily	BPPK	no data
6313	10:10	10:10		Everywhere except Calcareous	Daily	BPPK	no data
6315	12:29	12:30		Anywhere	Weekdays	BPPK	no data
6317	12:29	12:30		Everywhere, except Palm, Partizanskaya, Strawberry	Weekends	BPPK	no data
6319	12:38	12:39		Everywhere except Ost. point 5058 km	Daily	BPPK	no data
6321	14:06	14:07		Everywhere except Maltinka, Remaining point 5100 km, Remaining point 5058 km	Except Saturday	BPPK	no data
6323	15:17	15:17		Anywhere	Daily	BPPK	no data
6325	15:26	15:27		Everywhere, except for Maltinka, Ost. point 5100 km, Remain point 5058 km	Daily	BPPK	no data
6329	16:34	16:34		Everywhere except Calcareous	Except Sunday	BPPK	no data

Grishevo, Kasyanovka, Polovina, Belaya, Malta, Green town, Usolye-sibirskoe, Telma, Kitoy, Maysk, Angarsk, Yuzhnaya, Sukhovskaya, Quarry, Meget, Pms-45, Battery, Gorka, Zavodskaya, Irkutsk-grade, Military town , Irkutny Most

Oka, Chirkino, Kharagun, Delure, Tyret, Ost.point 4971 km, Khalyarta, Zalari, Hotkhor, Golovinskaya, Khartovskaya, Kutulik, Raypotrebsoyuz, Zabituy, Traktovy, Zhargon, Ost. punkt 5053 km, Cheremkhovo, Grishevo, Kasyanovka, Vostochnaya, Polovina, Belaya, Ost.punkt 5100 km, Malta, Luzhki, Green town, Usolye-sibirskoe, Thelma, Biliktuy, Kitoy, Angarsk, Sukhovskaya, Sovkhoznaya, Meget, Veresovka, Battery, Irkutsk-grade, Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya, Melnikovo

Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya, Melnikovo, Kaya, Cheryomushki, Smolensk region, Tourist base, Shelekhov, Goncharovo, Olkha, Summer, Blue spruce, Dachnaya, Sadovaya, Bolshoy lug, Khanchin, Rassokha, Orlenok, Ost.point 5234 km, Berry, Lights, Taezhnoe, Difficult, Pine, Podkamennaya, Sanatorium, Spring, Source, Deep, Moving, Andrianovskaya, Turn, Dark pad, Strawberry, Partizanskaya, Devil’s mountain, Slyudyanka 2, Slyudyanka 1, Buravschina, Mangutai, Utulik, Baikalsk pass

Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya, Melnikovo, Kaya, Cheryomushki, Smolensk region, Tourist base, Shelekhov, Goncharovo, Olkha, Summer, Blue spruce, Dachnaya, Sadovaya, Bolshoy lug, Khanchin, Rassokha, Orlenok, Ost. point 5234 km, Berry, Lights, Taezhnoe, Difficult, Pine, Podkamennaya, Sanatorium, Spring, Source, Deep, Moving, Andrianovskaya, Turn, Dark pad, Strawberry, Partizanskaya, Devil’s mountain, Slyudyanka 2, Slyudyanka 1, Buravschina, Mangutai, Utulik, Baikalsk pass, Baikalsk, Murino

Grishevo, Polovina, Belaya, Malta, Luzhki, Green town, Usolye-sibirskoe, Kitoy, Angarsk, Sukhovskaya, Quarry, Meget, Veresovka, Battery, Zavodskaya, Irkutsk-grade, Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya, Melnikov

Oka, Chirkino, Kharagun, Delure, Tyret, Khalyarta, Zalari, Hotkhor, Golovinskaya, Khartovskaya, Kutulik, Raipotrebsoyuz, Zabituy, Traktovy, Cheremkhovo, Grishevo, Kasyanovka, Polovina, Belaya, Ost.point 5100 km, Malta, Luzhki, Green town, Usolye-sibirskoe, Telma, Kitoy, Maysk, Angarsk, Yuzhnaya, Sukhovskaya, Sovkhoznaya, Quarry, Meget, Battery, Irkutsk-grade, Military town, Irkutny bridge, Irkutsk passenger, Akademicheskaya, Melnikovo

Everywhere, except Verbny, Partizanskaya, Strawberry, Dark Pad, Moving, Source

Sadovaya, Dachnaya, Blue spruce, Summer, Olkha, Goncharovo, Shelekhov, Tourist base, Smolensk region, Cheryomushki, Kaya, Melnikovo, Akademicheskaya, Irkutsk passenger, Irkutny bridge, Military town, Irkutsk-grade, Zavodskaya, Kompressornaya, Gorka, Battery -45, Veresovka, Meget, Sovkhoznaya, Sukhovskaya, Yuzhnaya, Angarsk, Maysk, Kitoy, Biliktuy, Thelma, Telminka, Usolye-sibirskoye, Green town, Luzhki, Malta, Ost. point 5100 km, Belaya, Polovina, Vostochnaya, Kasyanovka, Grishevo

Murino, Baikalsk, Baikalsk pass, Utulik, Mangutai, Slyudyanka 1, Slyudyanka 2, Verbny, Devil’s mountain, Partizanskaya, Strawberry, Dark pad, Turn, Andrianovskaya, Moving, Deep, Spring, Spring, Sanatorium, Podkamennaya, Pine, Bear Difficult, Taezhnoe, Lights, Berry, Ost.point 5234 km, Eaglet, Rassokha, Khanchin, Bolshoy meadow, Sadovaya, Dachnaya, Blue spruces, Summer, Olkha, Goncharovo, Shelekhov, Tourist base, Smolensk region, Cheryomushki, Kaya, Melnikovo, Academic, Irkutsk passenger, Irkutny bridge, Military town

Baikalsk pass, Utulik, Mangutai, Slyudyanka 1, Slyudyanka 2, Verbny, Devil’s mountain, Partizanskaya, Strawberry, Dark pad, Turn, Andrianovskaya, Moving, Deep, Source, Spring, Sanatorium, Podkamennaya, Pine, Bear, Difficult, Taiga, Lights, Berry, Ost.point 5234 km, Orlyonok, Rassokha, Khanchin, Bolshoy meadow, Sadovaya, Dachnaya, Blue spruce, Summer, Olkha, Goncharovo, Shelekhov, Tourist base, Smolensk region, Cheryomushki, Kaya, Melnikovo, Akademicheskaya, Irkutsk passenger, Irkutny bridge, Military town

Melnikovo, Akademicheskaya, Irkutsk passenger, Irkutny bridge, Military town, Irkutsk-grade, Zavodskaya, Compressor, Gorka, Battery, PMS-45, Veresovka, Meget, Quarry, Sovkhoznaya, Sukhovskaya, Yuzhnaya, Angarsk, Maysk, Kitoy, Biliktuy, Thelma, Usolye-sibirskoe, Green town, Luzhki, Malta, Ost. point 5100 km, Belaya, Polovina, Vostochnaya, Kasyanovka, Grishevo, Cheremkhovo, Traktovy, Zabituy, Raipotrebsoyuz, Kutulik, Khartovskaya, Golovinskaya, Hotkhor, Zalari, Tyret, Delure, Kharagun, Chirkino, Oka

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Thug jargon in everyday speech

Grachev Mikhail Alexandrovich

Grachev Mikhail Aleksandrovich – Head of the Department of Russian Philology and General Linguistics, Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after V.I.N. A. Dobrolyubova, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Laboratory for Sociopsycholinguistic Research.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich’s scientific interests are social variants of the Russian language, speech culture, lexicography, forensic linguistic expertise. He lectures on the problems of the subculture of the criminal world and forensic linguistic examinations to law students and law enforcement officers.

Professor Grachev is the author of 260 scientific works, including monographs.The main ones are: “Russian Argo” (Nizhny Novgorod, 1997), “From Vanka Cain to the Mafia” (St. Petersburg, 2006), “Language of the City. Linguistic Landscape of Nizhny Novgorod “(Nizhny Novgorod, 2006),” Language and Youth. The Linguistic Landscape of Nizhny Novgorod ”(Nizhny Novgorod, 2008) (co-authored with Prof. TV Romanova). Among the main works are dictionaries: “Dictionary of youth slang” (Gorky, 1989) (co-authored with AI Gurov), “Dictionary of pre-revolutionary argo” (Moscow, 1991), “Language from the darkness: thieves’ music and fenya “(Nizhny Novgorod, 1992 g.), “Historical and etymological dictionary of thieves’ jargon” (St. Petersburg, 2000, and M, 2008 in co-authorship with Prof. VM Mokienko), “Dictionary of modern youth jargon” (M, 2006), ” Dictionary of the Millennial Russian Argo ”(Moscow, 2003). The latest dictionary is the largest in the world in terms of volume: it contains more than 27,000 words and expressions, starting from the 11th century. and ending the XXI century.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich – member of the Guild of linguists-experts on information and documentary disputes, editor of the scientific collection “Language.Speech. Speech activity ”, organizer of scientific international conferences“ Social variants of language ”.

Considers a professor of N.N. N.I. Lobachevsky N.D. Rusinova.

Sosnovy Bor, a park of culture and rest in Novosibirsk – review and assessment – Viper

Were at the festival “Ivan Kupala”.

Doubtful pleasure and a very strange program.

Of course we just came for a walk and have a good time.They were not aware of the children’s holiday program and did not participate in it, but they were involuntary listeners, to put it mildly, of an unnecessary performance.

I don’t know who the idea of running a children’s program belongs to, who …

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Were at the festival “Ivan Kupala”.

Doubtful pleasure and a very strange program.

Of course, they just came for a walk and have a good time. They were not aware of the children’s festive program and did not participate in it, but they were involuntary listeners, to put it mildly, of an unnecessary performance.

I don’t know who the idea behind the children’s program came from, who the organizers are, but when, during the break between the children’s program, a man with a guitar came out on stage and started congratulating into the microphone – a bard song, at an event for young children not even related to July 7, I was at a loss.

I don’t remember literally the text of the song, but the semantic load was about the story about “a good woman, good quality.” Such an uncomplicated “song story” about the needs of a “muzhik” (literally).

Why broadcast almost slang songs in the morning, in a recreation area for children, and even more so at a children’s event, remained unclear to me.

After the performance of this “congratulation”, many small children repeated the words, older children — those who are already of a more conscious age — came up with the idea to tease each other with the same words from the song. I cannot say that this is the appropriate choice of the performer and the repertoire. Who is responsible for the public performance, thank you very much for not being in the performance of the “Gas Sector” song or other dubious performers and lyrics, but that was quite enough.

The overall impression of the PKIO this year is more negative than positive or generally tolerable.

There are many tenants at the park this year with a very low quality of services, which can hardly even be called satisfactory for vacationers.

Akvagrimm -300r. The quality of Grimm -5 minutes and everything is smeared on the faces of the children, clothes and hands are smeared in Grimm.

All the grimy children run around with Grimm only in PKIO Sosnovy Bor))))

In my personal experience, this is the first time.Although, before our daughter asked to do her face painting too, we met 15 children with smeared face make-up that was once a drawing. I chalked it up to anything but quality, but I didn’t guess right. The make-up simply does not stick to the skin and it’s not about the air temperature and the activity of children, but about the quality of Grimm. There is something to compare, so there is no doubt.

Electric cars are all loose.

Carousel choice only 12+

Inflatable trampoline is terribly dirty. I have never focused on this entertainment option, but I see such a dirty trampoline inside for the first time.

Rides for young children are closed.

I do not recommend visiting PKIO with preschool children. Of all the offered entertainments and services: 1-2 for kids under 5 years old and, at the same time, not justifying themselves.

It is easier to arrive in the evening, already at closing time, so as not to be able to use poor quality services and not waste time under the dubious repertoire of festive programs.

Parking has become free. Many car owners do not park correctly.Problems with entering and exiting

to the parking area. There is no viewing area at the exit, due to the parking of cars right at the intersection.

Before the parking area became free, there was order. There was no chaotic and incorrect parking on the territory, the guard always made sure that when entering PKIO they did not leave cars at the intersection, did not interfere with the exit and the star into the territory.

Of course, the disrespectful behavior of car owners towards each other is not a question for the administration, but the result of these situations is the decision of the administration to provide free and free entry and parking of cars.

Now, if it is even more or less possible to enter the parking lot, then you can only leave in reverse and then, if you have an adequate and not a small driving experience. With me only two parked cars were ground in and continued to move.

Considering all of the above, I conclude that it is sometimes more pleasant just to give children the opportunity to play in the play areas of an empty park, without explaining why there is a carousel, but it does not work. Why is my uncle wheezing into the microphone and singing about a “woman”, and you need to wash off the makeup and go home to change, wait a long time when the aunt on a small car will remember how she was taught to pack in a driving school, traffic rules, or simply let cars go to the exit, i.e.I decided to just block the exit.

True, milk and oxygen cocktails, cotton candy – made me happy. High-quality cooking on high-quality raw materials. A real attribute of childhood.

PKIO of “our” childhood, it is a pity to see in a similar state, technical training and the attitude of the administration.

90,000 Downs from Sunny Street – Bellona.org

Geneticists racked their brains – what could have happened, where did such a jump in the most severe damage to the chromosomal system in babies come from? But even in laboratories, this topic was spoken in whispers.

Leningrad newspapers, as always, reported on the next labor accomplishments of the Soviet people, published whole spreads about the shock work of builders and installers who were building new RBMK-1000 reactors at the Leningrad nuclear power plant in an unprecedentedly short time.

Ten years later, in April eighty-sixth, the Chernobyl disaster struck. And only after that, they began to speak timidly at first, and then more and more harshly, in the press about the peculiarities of the reactor that exploded at the fourth unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

In the spring of 1989, urgent repairs began at the first unit of the Leningrad NPP. The graphite stack of the reactor “swelled” and compressed the technological channels in which the fuel assemblies are located. This threatened a severe accident with the release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere. As soon as the block was drowned out and the holes of the channels began to be drilled, having reported this in the press, panic began in Leningrad. Parents did not let their children go to schools, did not take them to kindergartens. I worked then in the newspaper “Smena”, the organ of the regional committee of the Komsomol, our editorial phones were smoking from the calls.

In the “headquarters of the revolution Smolny”, where the regional committee of the CPSU was then located, a press conference was urgently called. There I first saw the director of LNPP Anatoly Eperin. Heavy, domineering, tough – he resembled a retired general who, during the war years, could send regiment after regiment to storm some nameless skyscraper under dagger fire from German machine guns. Then to report to the army headquarters: the order has been fulfilled, the losses are insignificant.

At that memorable press conference, Eperin, piercing the group of “clickers” with a stern gaze, sounded into the microphone:
– Over the 15 years of operation of the station, there has never been a leak in our channels, never have zirconium pipes let down.There is no radiation hazard during the repair of the unit neither for the pine fighters, nor for the Leningraders. Panic in Leningrad is raised by the enemies of nuclear energy, the cleanest in the world.

In June of the same year, the 6th issue of the Novy Mir magazine was published, where Grigory Medvedev’s story-chronicle “The Chernobyl Notebook” was published. The author worked for many years at Soyuzatomenergo of the USSR Ministry of Energy. On duty, he had access to classified information, including information about accidents at Soviet nuclear power plants. It was this sort of information that was especially carefully hidden not only from the junior technical personnel of nuclear power plants, but also from the directors.

LOCAL “GOAT”

At Medvedev I read about the accidents at our Sosnovoborsk nuclear power plant. The worst happened on November 30, 1975 at the first block. In the jargon of nuclear scientists, what happened is called a “local goat”. Water stopped flowing into the technological channel, the fuel assembly was destroyed, radioactive substances escaped into the reactor shop. The reactor was shut down, during the day it was purged with an emergency supply of nitrogen.This radioactive mixture through a ventilation pipe 150 meters high flew into the atmosphere. In total, as Medvedev writes, one and a half million curies of highly active radionuclides were thrown out.

It was a mini-Chernobyl. It was only there that the entire reactor exploded and then caught fire. Here one of the thousand six hundred ninety-three channels “whistled”. There is only one tube-nozzle of that organ, which experts call RBMK-1000, “high-power channel reactor”.

If this alarming “whistle” had been heard above, if an honest objective analysis of the accident had been carried out, if it had been reported to all NPPs with RBMK reactors.If only … But History, as you know, has no subjunctive mood. The Leningrad NPP Directorate, Soyuzatomenergo, and the Politburo did everything to keep the incident secret. The government commission, which rushed to the station, closed all documents about the accident with a stamp “top secret”. Everyone who worked to eliminate it was ordered to remain silent.

Director of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant Viktor Bryukhanov, who was declared the main culprit of the disaster, served ten years in the camps. In 1996, when he was released, he gave an interview to the journalist of Moskovskiye Novosti.In it, he said: “If you go deeper, then there were micro-accidents before: at the Leningrad nuclear power plant in 1975, we, at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in 1981, there was also an accident. But it was hidden even from us. For example, I knew about Leningrad by hearsay, from colleagues. What could be understood in this situation? ”

A jump in radioactivity in November 1975 was noticed in Sweden and Finland. In March 1976, at the expanded board of the USSR Ministry of Energy, Prime Minister Kosygin announced that Sweden and Finland had made a request to the Soviet government regarding an increase in radioactivity over their territories.What the leadership of the country of the Soviets answered is unknown.

In August 1989, a delegation of the “Leningrad community” arrived in Sosnovy Bor. It was headed by the writer Daniil Granin. Alexander Nevzorov announced the departure of the delegation to Sosnovy Bor in his “600 seconds”. Crazed by publicity, the atomic lobbyists allowed the “public” not only to the station, but also to a completely secret object – the Scientific Research Technological Institute (NITI), where three research reactors operate.It was at NITI that many types of reactors for nuclear submarines of the USSR were developed.

Eperin received the delegation in the conference hall of Leningrad NPP. And I began to shake the “Chernobyl Notebook”, read lines from it about the accident, and demand from Eperin – show the documents to the government commission, stop lying.
– Medvedev described everything tendentiously, as is customary among writers, – Eperin snapped. – The channel in the seventy-fifth year was really depressurized. But the outburst was not one and a half million Curies, but only one hundred thousand.

DO NOT LET IN!
In September, a month after the trip, I published the article “Atomgrad by the Gulf” in Smena. Where he wrote that Eperin is a liar, the accident was terrible, it could not but affect the health of the inhabitants of Sosnovy Bor, it is not for nothing that all data on diseases were seized in the city medical unit for 1975-1976. I also wrote that the residents of Sosnovy Bor sent a letter of protest to Ryzhkov: we do not want them, they wrote that a workshop for the production of extra-atmospheric optics from toxic beryllium should be built next to Leningrad NPP and NITI.I had no idea then that they were talking about space-based nuclear-pumped lasers.

The day after the article was published, Sergey Galkin, Deputy Chief Engineer of Leningrad NPP, called me.

– We leave for Leningrad, carry a refutation and an official document about the accident. If you don’t print a rebuttal, you will go to court.

At the appointed time, Sergei Galkin, accompanied by two silent men in civilian clothes, handed me a piece of paper with ten lines printed on it.They stated that there was no accident, Tereshkin was a slanderer and demagogue, and would be convicted by a Soviet court. Under the lines were the signatures of the chairman of the party committee, the trade union committee of the Leningrad NPP and Galkin himself. I wiped the sweat from my brow and asked the three to wait. Fifteen minutes later, I handed them a piece of paper, which stated that the applicant was the Crown Prince of England and was not subject to the jurisdiction of the Soviet court. I confess I painted the signatures of the Komsomol and trade union leaders of Smena myself.
The atomic workers were very offended and left without saying goodbye.And I began to write constantly about our “peaceful atom”. And the more I wrote, the better I understood that we had never had any “peaceful atom”. And there was only a military man.

On March 24, 1992, I rushed to Sosnovy Bor. On the third block of the station, due to valve failure, water stopped flowing into one of the channels, and destruction occurred again. And again, the radioactive vapor was released into the atmosphere. There is no danger, the station staff told reporters. Standing at the first block stopped for repairs.And they demonstrated their own dosimeters, on the display of which there was a really normal gamma background. Journalists jumped into cars and rushed to the editorial office to tell their readers the “truth” about the accident.
I stayed at the station, and at eighteen o’clock in the evening my household dosimeter went off scale twice, the needle was torn beyond the stopper at around 250 microroentgens per hour. A dosimeter of a completely different design – “Master-1”, which was at the cameraman Vladimir Glazkov, synchronously with mine showed 280 microroentgens per hour.And again Sergei Galkin and Anatoly Eperin lied to me: the emission was within the sanitary standard.

Working in various St. Petersburg newspapers, I published articles in which I demanded from Anatoly Eperin – tell the truth about the accident in 1955. Issue documents to the government commission. I demanded the same at every press conference with his participation.

Eperin acted simply. They stopped inviting me to any meetings taking place at LNPP. And when I myself came to Sosnovy Bor, I was denied a permit to the station.The current director of LNPP Lebedev does the same.

DEPARTMENTAL FOOTBALL
The editorial board of the journal “Ecology and Law” bombarded the atomic and near-nuclear authorities with inquiries – what happened at the first unit of the Leningrad NPP in the fall of 1975, how many radionuclides and which ones were released into the environment? Where did they fall? (You can see the correspondence here or download it as a separate pdf file)

And departmental football began. The Federal Atomic Energy Agency was in charge – and LNPP in 1975 was part of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (Minsredmash).So with us and bribes are smooth. The Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision has unsubscribed – and we were formed only in 1983.

Contact the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. You can also write to the Federal Atomic Energy Agency. Finally, after many reminders, the Atomic Energy Directorate sent a message from which it followed that “as a result of the accident, the population of the city of Sosnovy Bor was practically not exposed to external and internal sources back).The rest of the population living in the area of the nuclear power plant was exposed to even lower levels of radiation. The population of Leningrad was not exposed to radiation to any extent. ”

The Federal Biomedical Agency was forced to respond as well. It said that the 1975 accident should not be called an accident, but a “serious accident.” “The essence of this incident is the excess of emissions of radioactive noble gases 3 – 4 times higher than the established daily limits. At the same time, the release of long-lived radioisotopes and iodine-131 did not exceed the established limits.With emissions of such a level, exposure of the population in excess of the established standards is impossible ”. Mr. VV Romanov, the acting head of this agency even promised: “I have given instructions on declassifying materials related to the investigation of the incident at the Leningrad NPP in November 1975. After declassification of the materials, you will be given more specific information. ”

As you can see, during the long months of correspondence we received scanty information. And even then only because the journal’s lawyer Nina Popravko appealed to the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation with a complaint about the inaction of officials.

In the case of the Kola NPP, whose management violated the laws by extending the life of decrepit reactors, this treatment worked. The prosecutor’s office of the Murmansk region has declared illegal the issuance of a license for the right to operate power units No. 1 and No. 2. In our story with the 1975 accident, the millstones of the bureaucratic machine are still turning.

VICTIMS OF THE PEACEFUL ATOM
It would seem that we can calmly wait for the atomic chiefs to declassify the data of a long-standing accident, send it to the editorial office.Moreover, the release was nothing at all. Noble radioactive gases. But my first teacher in journalism, Viktor Shurlygin, taught:
– Always try to understand how the person you are writing about feels. Take a look with his eyes at what is happening.

And I presented. I am twenty-five, I came to build the best nuclear power plant in the world, to live in the best city in the country on the coast of the bay. Met the most beautiful girl. Wedding. Maternity hospital. And she, bursting into tears, says:
– Our son was born down.
Everything – the light faded. A heavy cross for the rest of your life.

Now let’s listen to the geneticists. Natalia Kovaleva, specialist of the Medical Genetics Center:
– What was in the laboratory of medical genetics of the Academy of Sciences is stories about a sudden increase in the number of chromosomal abnormalities in newborns in 1976. When I read Medvedev’s publication, I compared the year of the accident, the year of the increase in anomalies. We raised synoptic charts at the time of the accident and after it.The likelihood that the radionuclides ejected from the chimney of the first block covered some areas of Leningrad was high. These data were the beginning of the Down’s disease registry, which is maintained to this day. The difficulty was that in ’76 it was not established that all children with chromosomal abnormalities were examined. And it turned out that the number of cases of the birth of children with Down syndrome has been increasing since 1970 year by year. And the number of confirmed diagnoses increased. Now the diagnoses are confirmed in about 100% of cases.And then, in 1976, the diagnosis was confirmed in 42 cases out of 68 identified (we are talking about Leningrad). And one must also bear in mind that there was no systematic registration and monitoring. In maternity hospitals, it was believed that there was no need to confirm this diagnosis. The number of births was even hidden. Now it is impossible to establish a complete picture of what happened in 1976 without special research. When this whole “emergency” story began, I tried everywhere to find funding. I would find it in any other country.And in our country this topic was not interesting to anyone.

– And what is happening in Sosnovy Bor itself?
– And working in Sosnovy Bor is even more difficult than in St. Petersburg. Everything is classified here: data on the number of births, on the age distribution of mothers in the population. It turned out that the mothers of Sosnovy Bor did not belong to themselves, not to the region, but to Moscow. According to statistics, Sosnovy Bor is a white spot on the map of the region. All statistics go to the Federal Atomic Energy Agency. They had their own maternity hospital, their own neuropsychiatric dispensary, their own oncological dispensary.Now the agency has shaken off all social sphere, all medicine.

– And so it was easier for atomic scientists to hang noodles on their ears – how wonderful the workers of nuclear power plants live. And what wonderful health they have. Try it – check it out.
– But we still managed to calculate that in Sosnovy Bor the number of young women who gave birth to children with Down syndrome is higher than in St. Petersburg. These results alarmed us very much – they indicate a possible increase in the risk of having a child with a chromosomal abnormality in Sosnovy Bor.

– Where is the way out, how to help those who are just going to have a child in order to avoid the hardest drama? Begging for mercy from the Atomic Energy Agency again?

This question was answered by Igor Albertovich Ivanov, chief specialist in medical genetics of the Leningrad region:
– There is a way out. Let all the families of Sosnovy Bor, in which there have been cases of the birth of children with chromosomal diseases – congenital defects, deformities, turn to us for advice on Komsomola Street, 6, in the regional children’s hospital.It is also important to examine those children who were born healthy. It is necessary to undergo medical genetic counseling to prevent the birth of problem children in their future families.

PS. This journalistic investigation must be carried through to the end. Find those who worked at the station in the fall of 1975, those who liquidated the accident. Maybe at least now they will tell you what happened and how. It is necessary to help all families with “problem” children to pass the examination. And – to prove, in court, that their grief and misfortune occurred because of the accident at the Leningrad nuclear power plant.And let the nuclear department pay the unfortunate parents, help the injured children. This is the only way we can teach atomic officials to be responsible for their words and actions.

If we cannot do this, it means that we are destined to live by the downs. On Solnechnaya Street.

90,000 British sailors’ slang: now not only in the fleet

Evgeny Vlasenko
English language learning section

October 17, 2011

Updated September 26, 2014

Photo author, Crown

Photo caption,

Navy sailors often dilute their speech with colorful slang expressions

Hundreds of years ago, the slang expression to run the gauntlet sounded exclusively from the lips of British sailors and meant corporal punishment.Over time, it penetrated the daily life of the British with a new meaning – to be harshly criticized.

Another expression that is believed to owe its birth to sailors and sailors has also taken root in modern English: to be caught between the devil and the deep blue sea. Its meaning is that a person finds himself in a difficult situation when he has to choose between the devil and the abyss of the sea.

The modern Russian-language interpretation of the phrase is to find yourself between a rock and a hard place, or between two evils; it is now used in a wide variety of non-naval situations.

The phrase to be taken aback, along with the expressions mentioned above, originated several centuries ago and was originally associated with blowing wind into a sail. Gradually, it acquired a new meaning, referring to people, and not to objects: to be taken by surprise, to be amazed or dazed.

For more than 400 years of existence of the Royal Navy, thousands of similar expressions have emerged, reflecting both the history of the development of the Navy and the peculiar naval culture.Some words and phrases took root in the language and began to be used in everyday speech of the British, while others were destined to remain within the sailor’s vocabulary.

Glossary of slang and the fate of its author

Over the past half century, many guides to naval slang have been published. Meanwhile, there are practically no dictionaries, the appearance of which would be inextricably linked with the bright fate of the author.

A happy exception is a slang dictionary called Jackspeak [Jack is an informal nickname for sailors and sailors from the time of the British Empire to this day, to speak] Rick Jolly, a man with an extraordinary destiny.He is a military surgeon with the rank of captain 1st rank of the British Royal Navy, retired. He devoted most of his life to serving in the Royal Marines, participated in the 1982 war between Great Britain and Argentina for control of the Falkland Islands, during which he headed a military field hospital in the Ajax Bay settlement.

Jolly and his medical colleagues, then working in the most difficult conditions, managed to minimize casualties among soldiers and marines who participated in land battles.As a token of gratitude, the British Queen granted Dr. Jolly the title of Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), and the Argentine authorities awarded him the Order of Mayo for providing information on the dead and wounded among the Argentine military – a unique case in history, when a war veteran is awarded by both sides of the conflict.

Rick Jolly for 40 years meticulously collected the jargon expressions of his colleagues. In his guide to slang, he gives 4,000 examples of the use of words and phrases – after all, it is sometimes impossible to understand naval jargon without context.

The sailors have no questions. And you?

Take, for example, the phrase: Tis from the aftermost grinder aloft on the starboard side.

What could be discussed at all? – you ask. This is one of Dr. Jolly’s patients, vividly complaining of a toothache, diluting the speech with naval terminology: “It hurts aft root from above, to the right on board” (tis in English is an abbreviated form of it is).

Another example of sailor humor, this time black, is the phrase Chicken Chernobyl.

Photo author, MoD

Photo caption,

Lowering the Royal Navy’s flag at sunset, British sailors fondly call Putting the Queen to bed

Referring to atomic bombs and nuclear weapons that appeared long before the Chernobyl tragedy, Jolly’s colleagues used the term buckets of sunshine (bucket – English bucket or bucket, sunshine – sunlight). And the daily descent of the flag of the Royal Navy at sunset, they affectionately called Putting the Queen to bed (to put to bed – to send to rest).By the way, the flag itself in English is called The White Ensign.

The word bubblehead (bubble – English bubble, head – head) in everyday speech of the British was fixed in the meaning of STUPID or STUPID. In guides to American slang, it is referred to as a DIVER, and in Rick Jolly’s dictionary it is a DIVIDER.

The sailors called a favorite onboard snack hammy cheesy eggy topsides (ham-cheese-egg deck). And their favorite alcoholic drink was a cocktail of brandy and ginger ale Horse’s Neck (literally: horse’s neck).By the way, this cocktail of American origin gained worldwide fame after it became something of a signature drink of British sailors – they really tasted it and preferred their own cocktail Pink Gin (pink gin) in the 60s of the XX century.

“Botanists” in the Navy: it’s clear that it’s a dark business

And, of course, nicknames – in addition to the common noun Jack that unites sailors and sailors – were, are and will be widespread in the Navy.

Let’s dwell on one of them, well known to experienced British sailors: pickle jar officer (pickle – English pickles, jar – bank, officer – officer). This is how the Navy calls smart university graduates who, in the words of Rick Jolly, “can calculate the square root of the lid of a jar of pickles to three decimal places, but have no idea how to open the jar.” turn out to be useless in solving practical problems. In Russian, the word BOTANIK or the more modern BOTAN partly fits this definition.

Sailor jargon and everyday speech

Not only Rick Jolly’s colleagues, but he himself did not miss the chance to speak slang. He now regularly uses it in speech and makes sure that the vocabulary included in his slang dictionary can be avoided into oblivion.

By the time the dictionary was published, Jolly, who received severance pay from the British Navy, went ashore

in Oggieland (Oggieland is a slang name for Cornwall, a county in the southwest of England famous for its pies – eng.oggy – with meat, vegetables and fruits),

retired (Jolly uses the slang swallowed the anchor (literal translation: swallowed the anchor)

and is now thinking about what, after all, is happening

in the British Department of Defense (referring to the British Defense Department, Jolly uses the slang term the Whitehall Puzzle Palace. Whitehall is the street in the center of London, where the Department of Defense is located, and the common name of the British government.Slang Puzzle Palace became widely used in English after the publication of the book of the same name by James Bamford [Russian name – “Puzzle Palace”] about the National Security Agency, an intelligence organization of the United States. Nowadays, the phrase Puzzle Palace is also used to describe huge government buildings that are difficult to navigate).

Some of the words mentioned in the Jackspeak dictionary have already managed to gain a foothold in modern English and add liveliness and expressiveness to it.

Lexicon, lexical meaning of words

Russian words,
search and parsing of words online

Reference materials on the vocabulary of the Russian language.

Contents of the article “Vocabulary”:

What is vocabulary?

The basic significant unit of any language is the word. The totality of all words constitutes the vocabulary of the language. The branch of the science of language for the study of the vocabulary of the language from the point of view of the lexical meaning of words, their use and origin is called lexicology.

Lexical meaning of the word

Words in Russian are used to designate objects, signs of objects, the number of objects, actions, signs of actions. What a word stands for is its lexical meaning. Words in Russian, depending on the lexical meaning and within the framework of the school curriculum, can be divided into groups:

91,227

common and non-common words;

unambiguous and ambiguous words;

91,228 words with direct and figurative meaning;

homonyms;

synonyms;

antonyms;

paronyms.

Words in Russian, in addition to lexical meaning, have grammatical meaning. Let’s take a closer look at each group and give a definition in terms of lexical meaning.

Common and uncommon words

Words known to all people and used by all are called commonly used. The lexical meanings of common words are understandable to any person. Words that are known to a limited circle of people are called uncommon.These include dialect words, professional, slang. In the school curriculum of the Russian language, they give a general understanding and give examples for the following groups of words:

Other groups are also distinguished, the study of which goes beyond the scope of the school curriculum. On our site there is an article about interesting words of the Russian language and collections of words on various topics.

Single and ambiguous words

The same words of the Russian language can name different objects, signs, actions.In this case, the word has several lexical meanings and is called polysemantic. A word that designates one object, feature, action and, accordingly, has only one lexical, is called unambiguous. Polysemous words are found in all independent parts of speech, except for numerals. Examples of polysemous words: chain and ice a pond, a sheet of wood and a sheet of paper, a silver tray and a silver age.

Direct and figurative meanings of words

Words in Russian can have direct and figurative meanings.The direct meaning of the word is used to designate a specific object, feature, action or quantity of an object. The figurative meaning of the word, in addition to the already existing basic meaning (direct), denotes a new object, sign, action. For example: gold bars (direct meaning) and golden hands / words / hair (figurative meaning). The figurative meaning is sometimes called indirect, it is one of the meanings of a polysemantic word. There are words in the Russian language, the figurative meaning of which has become the main one.For example: the nose of a person (direct meaning) and the bow of a boat (figurative → direct meaning).

Homonyms

Words of the Russian language of the same part of speech, identical in sound and spelling, but different in lexical meaning, are called homonyms. Examples of homonyms: faucet (lifting and plumbing), environment (habitat and day of the week), boron (pine forest and chemical element). Classification, types of homonyms, as well as examples of words are given in a separate article – homonyms.

Synonyms

Words of the Russian language of the same part of speech, denoting the same thing, but having different shades of lexical meaning and use in speech, are called synonyms.For a polysemantic word, synonyms can refer to different lexical meanings. Examples of words that are synonymous: large and large (adjectives), build and build (verbs), land and territory (nouns), boldly and bravely (adverbs). Good and understandable material about synonyms and examples of the difference in their lexical meaning are given on the site of the dictionary of synonyms.

Antonyms

Words of the Russian language of the same part of speech with the opposite lexical meaning are called antonyms.For polysemous words, antonyms can refer to different lexical meanings. Examples of words that are antonyms: war – peace (nouns), white – black (adjectives), high – low (adverbs), run – stand (verbs). Materials with examples and explanations are available on the website of the dictionary of antonyms.

Paronyms

Words of the Russian language, similar in spelling and sound, but having different semantic meanings, are called paronyms. Paronyms have morphological division, lexico-semantic division.Examples of words that are paronyms: dress – put on (verbs), ignorant – ignorant (nouns), economic – economical (adjectives). Definition, classification and examples are given in the dictionary of paronyms.

Comparison of groups

Group of words	Spelling and sounding words	Lexical meaning of words	Examples
Synonyms	different	the same or similar	small – tiny, small, tiny	different	opposite	small – large
Paronyms	similar	different *	abstractness – abstraction
Homonyms	the same	different	ether (chemical) – ether (broadcast)

* The lexical meaning of words from the paronymic series is different.

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