Ocs stands for. OCS: Overhead Contact System – Definition, Meanings, and Certifications

What is the definition of OCS. How does OCS relate to physical therapy certifications. What are the requirements for obtaining an OCS certification. How does the OCS certification compare to other physical therapy degrees.

Understanding the Overhead Contact System (OCS)

The acronym OCS stands for Overhead Contact System, a term commonly used in various industries. While this definition is widely recognized, it’s essential to understand that OCS can have multiple meanings depending on the context.

Primary Definition of OCS

In its primary context, OCS refers to:

• Overhead Contact System
• A system used in electric railways to supply power to electric trains
• Consists of overhead wires suspended from poles or other structures along the railway track

This system is crucial for the operation of electric trains, trams, and trolleybuses in many parts of the world.

Industries Using the OCS Acronym

The OCS acronym is utilized across various sectors, including:

1. Banking
2. Computing
3. Education
4. Finance
5. Government
6. Healthcare

In each of these industries, OCS might have a different meaning or application, emphasizing the importance of context when interpreting acronyms.

OCS in Physical Therapy: Orthopedic Clinical Specialist

In the field of physical therapy, OCS takes on a different meaning. Here, it stands for Orthopedic Clinical Specialist, a prestigious certification for physical therapists.

What does the OCS certification entail?

The OCS certification is awarded by the American Physical Therapy Board of Specialties. To obtain this certification, a physical therapist must:

• Complete 2000 hours of clinical practice in orthopedic physical therapy
• Pass a rigorous 8-hour exam covering all aspects of orthopedic diagnoses, treatment, and patient care

This certification is highly regarded in the physical therapy community, with only the top 2% of physical therapists in the country holding this credential.

Comparing Physical Therapy Degrees and Certifications

To better understand the significance of the OCS certification, it’s helpful to compare it with other degrees and certifications in the field of physical therapy.

MPT vs. DPT: Evolution of Physical Therapy Education

Physical therapy education has evolved over the years:

• MPT (Master of Physical Therapy): More common for therapists who received their degree over 10 years ago
• DPT (Doctor of Physical Therapy): The current standard for physical therapy education

The transition from MPT to DPT reflects the advancement of the profession and the increased depth of knowledge required in modern physical therapy practice.

CSCS: Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist

Another certification often held by physical therapists is the CSCS (Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist). To earn this certification, one must:

• Hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution (or be a college senior enrolled in an accredited program)
• Be CPR and AED certified
• Pass a 4-hour exam covering scientific foundations, practical applications, exercise science, program design, and nutrition

This certification demonstrates a therapist’s expertise in exercise science and optimal body functioning.

The Importance of Continuing Education in Physical Therapy

Beyond formal degrees and certifications, continuing education plays a crucial role in the physical therapy profession. Therapists often engage in ongoing learning to stay current with the latest developments in their field.

Why is continuing education essential for physical therapists?

Continuing education ensures that physical therapists:

• Stay up-to-date with the latest research and treatment techniques
• Improve their clinical skills and patient outcomes
• Maintain their licensure and certifications
• Specialize in specific areas of practice

This commitment to lifelong learning is a hallmark of the physical therapy profession and contributes to the high quality of care provided to patients.

The Value of Specialized Certifications in Physical Therapy

Specialized certifications like OCS and CSCS add significant value to a physical therapist’s practice. These credentials demonstrate a therapist’s commitment to excellence and expertise in specific areas of care.

How do specialized certifications benefit patients?

Patients can benefit from therapists with specialized certifications in several ways:

• Access to advanced knowledge and skills in specific areas of treatment
• Potentially faster and more effective recovery
• Confidence in the therapist’s expertise and commitment to their profession
• Exposure to the latest evidence-based treatment techniques

When choosing a physical therapist, patients may want to consider the therapist’s certifications and specializations to ensure they receive the most appropriate care for their specific needs.

The Future of Physical Therapy Education and Certification

As the field of physical therapy continues to evolve, so too will the education and certification processes. The trend towards doctoral-level education (DPT) and specialized certifications is likely to continue, with potential new specializations emerging to address changing healthcare needs.

What trends are shaping the future of physical therapy education?

Several trends are influencing the future of physical therapy education and certification:

• Increased focus on evidence-based practice
• Integration of technology in treatment and education
• Emphasis on interprofessional collaboration
• Growing demand for specialized care in areas such as geriatrics, sports medicine, and neurological rehabilitation
• Expansion of direct access to physical therapy services

These trends will likely lead to new certifications and specializations, as well as changes in physical therapy curricula to better prepare therapists for the evolving healthcare landscape.

Choosing the Right Physical Therapist: Beyond Certifications

While certifications like OCS and CSCS are important indicators of a therapist’s expertise, they are not the only factors to consider when choosing a physical therapist. Other important considerations include:

What factors should patients consider when selecting a physical therapist?

• Experience in treating your specific condition
• Communication style and ability to explain treatments clearly
• Availability and convenience of appointment times
• Patient reviews and testimonials
• Compatibility with your personal preferences and goals
• Insurance coverage and financial considerations

By considering these factors alongside a therapist’s certifications and education, patients can make informed decisions about their care and find the best therapist to meet their needs.

The Global Context: OCS and International Physical Therapy Practice

While the OCS certification is primarily recognized in the United States, the concept of specialized certifications in physical therapy is gaining traction globally. Different countries have their own systems for recognizing advanced practice and specialization in physical therapy.

How do physical therapy certifications vary internationally?

Physical therapy certification and specialization systems vary across countries:

• In the United Kingdom, therapists can become advanced practitioners through post-graduate education and clinical experience
• Australia has a system of titling and specialization managed by the Australian Physiotherapy Association
• Canada offers clinical specialty programs through the Canadian Physiotherapy Association
• Many European countries have their own systems for recognizing advanced practice and specialization

These international variations reflect the global nature of the physical therapy profession and the universal drive towards specialization and advanced practice.

The Role of Technology in Physical Therapy Education and Practice

As technology continues to advance, it is playing an increasingly important role in both physical therapy education and practice. This technological integration is influencing how therapists learn, obtain certifications, and provide care to patients.

How is technology shaping physical therapy education and practice?

Technology is impacting physical therapy in several ways:

• Virtual reality and simulation for skill development in educational programs
• Telehealth platforms for remote patient care and consultation
• Wearable devices for tracking patient progress and adherence to home exercise programs
• Advanced diagnostic tools for more precise assessment and treatment planning
• Online continuing education platforms for easier access to professional development opportunities

As technology continues to evolve, physical therapists with certifications like OCS will need to stay current with these advancements to provide the best possible care to their patients.

The Impact of Specialization on Physical Therapy Career Paths

Specializations and certifications like OCS can significantly impact a physical therapist’s career trajectory. These credentials often open up new opportunities for career advancement and specialization within the field.

How do certifications like OCS influence career opportunities in physical therapy?

Specialized certifications can lead to various career opportunities:

• Leadership positions in clinical settings
• Opportunities to teach in physical therapy education programs
• Roles in research and clinical trials
• Consulting positions in sports teams or specialized clinics
• Entrepreneurial opportunities to open specialized practices

By pursuing certifications like OCS, physical therapists can differentiate themselves in the job market and pursue specialized career paths aligned with their interests and expertise.

The Patient Perspective: Understanding Physical Therapy Credentials

For patients, navigating the various acronyms and certifications in physical therapy can be confusing. Understanding what these credentials mean can help patients make informed decisions about their care and set appropriate expectations for their treatment.

How can patients interpret physical therapy credentials?

To better understand physical therapy credentials, patients can:

• Ask their therapist to explain their credentials and what they mean
• Research common physical therapy certifications and specializations
• Understand that while certifications are important, they are not the only indicator of a therapist’s skill or suitability
• Consider how a therapist’s specializations align with their specific health needs
• Look for a balance of education, certification, experience, and personal compatibility when choosing a therapist

By becoming more informed about physical therapy credentials, patients can actively participate in their healthcare decisions and choose the most appropriate care for their needs.

OCS Definition: Overhead Contact System

What does OCS mean? OCS stands for Overhead Contact System. If you are visiting our non-English version and want to see the English version of Overhead Contact System, please scroll down to the bottom and you will see the meaning of Overhead Contact System in English language. Keep in mind that the abbreviation of OCS is widely used in industries like banking, computing, educational, finance, governmental, and health. In addition to OCS, Overhead Contact System may be short for other acronyms.

OCS = Overhead Contact System

Looking for general definition of OCS? The OCS means Overhead Contact System. We are proud to list acronym of OCS in the largest database of abbreviations and acronyms. The following image shows one of the definitions of OCS in English: Overhead Contact System. You can download the image file to print or send it to your friends via email, Facebook, Twitter, or TikTok.

Meanings of OCS in English

As mentioned above, OCS is used as an acronym in text messages to represent Overhead Contact System. This page is all about the acronym of OCS and its meanings as Overhead Contact System. Please note that Overhead Contact System is not the only meaning of OCS. There may be more than one definition of OCS, so check it out on our dictionary for all meanings of OCS one by one.

Definition in English: Overhead Contact System

Other Meanings of OCS

Besides Overhead Contact System, OCS has other meanings. They are listed on the left below. Please scroll down and click to see each of them. For all meanings of OCS, please click “More”. If you are visiting our English version, and want to see definitions of Overhead Contact System in other languages, please click the language menu on the right bottom. You will see meanings of Overhead Contact System in many other languages such as Arabic, Danish, Dutch, Hindi, Japan, Korean, Greek, Italian, Vietnamese, etc.

DPT, MPT, OCS, CSCS…What does it all mean?

It’s pretty obvious that the letters behind your therapist’s name indicate the type of degree and certifications they have. But what do they all mean? To cure your curiosity (and brag a bit about our therapists) I will enlighten you.

All of our therapists have a MPT or DPT from one of the 200 accredited Physical Therapy schools nationwide. MPT refers to a Masters of Physical Therapy. This degree was more common for PTs who got their degree 10+ years ago. Because the profession has progressed significantly over the past 10 years, the competition between grad schools and the knowledge of Physical Therapy has become more advanced. Therefore most PT schools offer the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) alone now.
Almost all of our Physical Therapists have received their Doctor of Physical Therapy degree placing them in the top 8.1% of physical therapists nationwide. Those with MPTs have been in their professional careers as physical therapists for 10+ years and are in the process of their transitional DPT program in order to be on top of the latest PT findings. In summary, both degrees signify the completion of the current requirements needed to enter the profession and also represent the completion of a comprehensive program and the fulfillment of the high standards of clinical performance in professional preparation.

Now that we have that our of the way, what is an OCS? OCS stands for Orthopedic Clinical Specialist. This is a certification given by the American Physical Therapy Board of Specialities and is achieved only by completing a list of rigorous requirements. To obtain this degree a therapist must have 2000 hours of clinical practice in Orthopedic physical therapy. Once this is complete they can apply to take the nearly 8 hour exam covering all aspects of orthopedic diagnoses, treatment and physical therapy patient care. Only the top 2% of physical therapists in the country have this certification and four of our seven therapists belong in that top percentile. This is more than any physical therapy clinic in the tri-county area.

Finally, the CSCS indicates that the therapist or personal trainer, in this case, is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist. To earn this certification, one must have a bachelors degree from an accredited institution or be a college senior enrolled in an accredited institution. They must also be CPR and AED certified. Once these prerequisites are met, the individual may take the 4 hour exam which consists of a scientific foundations portion and a practical/applied portion all dealing with exercise science, program design and nutrition. Physical Therapists often get this certification because of their passion for exercise science and optimal body functioning.

In addition to all of these degrees and certifications, our therapists are actively involved in continuing education immediately after receiving their degree. They take multiple courses each year with their colleagues in order to stay on top of the newest findings in their field.

As you can see, our therapists have spent quite a bit of time in school and embrace the opportunity to learn more every day. Their quest for more knowledge is fueled by the reward for their efforts. These rewards are evidenced by more successful outcomes for their patients in shorter periods of time.

What is OCS 2007? What Does it Do?

We can”t have an OCS Insider Blog without the obligatory “what is OCS 2007” post to start us off, can we? I know many people are still confused over what “OCS” stands for, what this program does, why people get excited over it, etc. So I”ll try to put together a reasonable overview here.

What OCS 2007 Is

“OCS” stands for “Office Communications Server.” It”s the abbreviated name for Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007. The current version is OCS 2007 R2 (stands for “Revision 2,” naturally).

OCS 2007 is a software platform for communicating with people. It gives you several communications options from existing Microsoft products, like Outlook. (Yes, this means it”s even easier for people to bug you in the middle of a project. Or does it? See the “Presence” stuff below.)

OCS exists in two primary parts: the main OCS server, and the Office Communicator client application. Office Communicator is what 95% of users will see every day. It acts much like a commercial IM application – but the server behind it has more capabilities than AIM or Yahoo! Messenger.

What You Use OCS 2007 For

• Talk with co-workers via Instant Messaging/”IM”.
• Hold a group chat if you need several opinions (or approvals).
• Set your current status – Available, Do Not Disturb, Away, In a Call – with Presence. Leave a note as to what you”re doing.
  • See? With Presence you can notify everyone when you”re working on something important. That doesn”t necessarily stop them from bugging you,but it”ll help!
  • You can see other peoples” status like this too.
• Hold a conference (video conference or audio-only) anytime,with as many people as you want.
• (if VoIP is set up) Talk with anyone, even non-OCS phones, either through your computer or using a SIP-enabled phone.
• If you want VoIP functionality through OCS, you”ll need a SIP gateway between the OCS server and the main POTS network. Only a few of these are available: Aculab has one; Sprint is working on it too.

OCS” Role in Unifying Communications

OCS is part of Microsoft”s Unified Communications (UC) platform. Microsoft intends to streamline all forms of communication – phone, fax, email, voice – using Unified Communications software. OCS is something of a vanguard for this platform, since it plugs communication into almost every other Microsoft system.

So, What Have We Learned?

There”s a LOT more detail about OCS 2007 out there. I”ll get to much of it here, in future posts. I”ll also link to other blogs and articles, to build up The OCS Insider as a central resource for this ridiculously-handy application.

Welcome to the Inside, everybody!

OCS Oil/Gas Development | U.

S. Department of the Interior

STATEMENT OF
KATHARINE S. MACGREGOR
ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY
LAND AND MINERALS MANAGEMENT
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BEFORE THE 
COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES
SUBCOMMITEE ON ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Hearing on “Evaluating Federal Offshore Oil and Gas Development on the Outer Continental Shelf”
 
July 12, 2017

Chairman Gosar, Ranking Member Lowenthal, and Members of the Subcommittee, I am pleased to join you today to discuss the Department of the Interior’s (Department) offshore programs carried out by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), and our efforts to advance these programs to help secure American energy dominance, create jobs, lower costs for working Americans and build a strong economy, freeing us from dependence on foreign oil.  Through these programs, the Department is providing access to our energy resources offshore, while adhering to all safety and environmental laws and regulations.  

The Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) is a vital component of our nation’s energy economy.  It accounts for 18% of domestic oil production, 4% of domestic natural gas production, billions of dollars in annual revenue for the Treasury, states, and conservation programs, and supports more than 300,000 jobs.  OCS activities are a key aspect of the Trump Administration’s America First Energy Agenda and Secretary Zinke’s goal of maintaining our nation’s energy dominance by advancing domestic energy production, generating revenue, and creating and sustaining jobs throughout our country.

Background
The Department manages and regulates the development of America’s natural resources, including oil, gas, mineral, and renewable energy sources offshore.  American energy resources create hundreds of thousands of jobs and generate significant revenue both to the U. S. Treasury and states.  Through natural resource policies designed to foster growth and facilitate local input, the Department provides opportunities for new jobs and revenue for Federal, state and local governments.

BOEM manages the Nation’s energy and mineral resources on 1.7 billion acres of Federal submerged lands known as the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).  BOEM is responsible for managing development of these resources through offshore leasing, resource evaluation, review and administration of oil and gas exploration and development plans, renewable energy development, economic analysis, National Environmental Policy Act analysis, and environmental studies.  BOEM promotes energy security, environmental protection and economic development through responsible, science-informed management of offshore conventional and renewable energy and mineral resources.  BOEM carries out these responsibilities while ensuring that American taxpayers receive fair market value from OCS leases, balancing the energy and mineral needs of the Nation with the protection of the human, marine, and coastal environments.

BSEE was established to protect life, property, and the environment by ensuring the safe and responsible exploration, development, and production of the Nation’s offshore energy resources.  BSEE fulfills this mission through integrated preparedness, prevention, and compliance activities.  The Bureau’s diverse team includes highly skilled engineers, geoscientists, geologists, environmental specialists, inspectors, and preparedness analysts.  As the Administration works to support and promote domestic energy production, BSEE is taking the necessary steps to provide effective oversight of oil and natural gas development on the OCS, which reflects a careful balance among resource development, production goals, worker safety, and environmental protection.  BSEE also consults with BOEM on these issues with respect to renewable energy.  

BSEE actively works to promote the efficient and responsible production of America’s offshore energy resources, pursuing this objective through a comprehensive program of permitting, regulations, compliance monitoring and enforcement, technical assessments, inspections, and incident investigations.  As a steward of the Nation’s OCS oil, gas, and mineral resources, BSEE protects Federal royalty interests as well as energy users by ensuring that oil and gas production methods maximize recovery from underground reservoirs.  

The Administration’s America First Energy Plan is an “all-of-the-above” plan that includes oil and gas, coal, and renewable resources and the OCS is integral to the development of important energy resources.  A key principle of this plan is that America’s free markets will help determine where and when energy development on the OCS is feasible. To begin implementing this strategy, the President signed an executive order on April 28, 2017 which directs the Secretary to take regulatory steps to encourage energy exploration and production.  In furtherance of this directive and in order to respond to our Nation’s energy needs, the Department is engaged in a variety of ongoing efforts to support domestic offshore production while meeting our stewardship and environmental responsibilities.  These efforts include predictable leasing; reducing barriers to accessing energy resources on the OCS; reviewing and streamlining leasing and permitting processes to serve its customers and the public more efficiently and effectively; regulatory reform; and improving coordination among key stakeholders, including state and local governments, other Federal agencies, and the public.  

Outer Continental Shelf Contribution to Energy Independence
Oil and gas production from the OCS is a significant part of the America First Energy Plan and is a critical component in the Nation’s energy supply.  As of July 2017, there were more than 3,000 active oil and gas leases on more than 16 million OCS acres.  In 2016, OCS leases provided 582 million barrels of oil, which accounted for 72% of all oil production from Federal lands, and 18% of total U.S. production of oil.  During that same period, 1.3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas was produced in Federal waters, representing 27% of all natural gas produced on Federal lands and 4% of total U. S. natural gas production.

The OCS is also a key revenue source for the Federal Government, providing a significant non-tax source of funding to Federal as well as state treasuries, which serves as an important economic driver for local communities across the country.  More than 85 oil and gas companies operate on Federal submerged lands.  There are more than 2,100 offshore production platforms and approximately 26,800 miles of pipelines transporting oil and gas to shore.  In FY 2016, BOEM and BSEE offshore oil and gas activities supported a total of more than 300,000 jobs across the country, and billions in value added economic output.  In 2016 alone, production from leases on the Federal OCS generated $2.8 billion dollars in leasing revenue.  

I would now like to provide you with information on the most recent activities in these programs.

The 2012 – 2017 and 2017 – 2022 OCS Oil and Gas Leasing Programs 
Last month marked the end of the 2012 – 2017 Five Year OCS Oil and Gas Leasing Program.  During that period, BOEM held 13 lease sales.  Not including Lease Sale 244, BOEM awarded leases on over 1,350 tracts for a total of over $3.3 billion in bonus bids.  Lease Sale 244, the final sale in the program, was conducted on June 21 in the Cook Inlet Planning Area in Alaska.  That sale received bids on 14 tracts for a total of $3,034,815 in high bids and the bid evaluation process is currently being conducted.  This is the first time in twenty years that OCS tracts in the Cook Inlet have received bids.

Last month also marked the beginning of the 2017 – 2022 Five Year Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program.  The Program schedules ten region-wide sales comprised of unleased acreage in the Western, Central, and Eastern Gulf, not subject to moratoria or otherwise unavailable.  This includes one sale during 2017 and 2022 and two sales during 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021.  This region-wide sale approach provides greater flexibility for industry to respond to changing market conditions, including Mexican energy reforms.  The first lease sale in this program is scheduled for August 2017 in the Gulf of Mexico and will offer approximately 13,725 tracts covering about 73 million acres.  The Program also offers one sale off the coast of Alaska in Cook Inlet.

Lease Continuation Through Operations Rule
On June 9, 2017, BSEE issued a final rule entitled, “Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations on the Outer Continental Shelf— Lease Continuation Through Operations”, which amended sections 250.171 and 250.180 of title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations.  This rule, issued in response to provisions of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-31), extends from 180 days to one year the time a lease in its extended term is allowed to continue between periods of production, drilling or well-reworking operations on that lease, before the lease would expire.  These additional months mean companies doing business on the OCS will have more planning flexibility, which will help them be more cost efficient, create more jobs, and maximize the economic benefit for the entire nation.

Secretary’s Order 3349
On March 29, 2017, Secretary Zinke signed Secretary’s Order 3349, which implements the review of agency actions directed by an Executive Order signed by the President on March 28, 2017, and entitled “Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth.”  It also directs a reexamination of the mitigation policies and practices across the Department of the Interior in order to better balance conservation strategies and policies with the equally legitimate need to create jobs for hard-working American families.

BSEE and BOEM are undertaking a thorough review of their rulemakings in accordance with this directive.  In addition, on June 22, 2017, the Secretary requested public input on how the Department of the Interior can improve implementation of regulatory reform initiatives and policies and identify regulations for repeal, replacement, or modification. (82 Federal Register 28429; https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/06/22/2017-13062/regulato. ..)  The Secretary’s request also provides an overview of the Department’s approach for implementing the regulatory reform initiative to alleviate unnecessary burdens placed on the American people, which was established by President Trump in Executive Order (E.O.) 13777, “Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda.”

Secretary’s Order 3350
On May 1, 2017, Secretary Zinke signed Secretary’s Order 3350, which implements the
President’s Executive Order 13795 entitled, “Implementing an America-First Offshore Energy Strategy”(Executive Order).  Secretary’s Order 3350 enhances opportunities for energy exploration, leasing, and development on the OCS; establishes regulatory certainty for OCS activities; and enhances conservation stewardship, providing jobs, energy security, and revenue for the American people.  BOEM and BSEE were tasked, as discussed more fully below, with the following action items:

Initiation of the National Program Process
This action item calls for the development of a new Five-Year Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program, with full consideration given to leasing the OCS offshore Alaska, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico, in accordance with the provisions of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) as directed by the Executive Order.  On July 3, BOEM initiated development by publishing in the Federal Register a Request for Information (RFI) seeking comments from a multitude of stakeholders, including states, local and tribal governments, Federal agencies, energy and non-energy industries, public interest groups, and the general public.  The information will be used in the analyses that the Secretary must consider in making his first of three decisions on potential sales, the Draft Proposed Program.  Under the last Administration, 94% of the OCS was off-limits to responsible development, despite interest from state and local governments and industry leaders.  The Trump Administration is dedicated to promoting access to our offshore energy resources in order to promote energy dominance, create more job opportunities, and keep energy prices low for American families and businesses.  By opening the planning process for a new Five-Year Program, we will achieve these goals while also ensuring the public has a say in how our natural resources are used.  

Cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service on Seismic Survey Permitting Oversight
SO 3350 directs BOEM, in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), to establish a plan to expedite consideration of Incidental Take Authorization requests, including Incidental Harassment Authorizations (IHA) and Letters of Authorization, that may be needed for seismic survey permits and other OCS activities; and to develop and implement a streamlined permitting approach for privately-funded seismic data research and collection aimed at expeditiously determining the offshore energy resource potential of the U.S.

On May 11, 2017, Departmental leadership met with their National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NMFS counterparts to begin to establish a plan to expedite consideration of Marine Mammal Protection Act authorization requests, as well as associated Endangered Species Act requests, and to develop and implement a streamlined permitting approach for privately-funded seismic surveys.  All parties agreed that NMFS and the Department, through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, would convene an interagency working group to carry out these tasks.  BOEM remains steadfast in its goals to implement its legal requirements expeditiously and effectively.  BOEM will participate in the interagency working group as soon as it is established, identifying issues and potential solutions that would most help to streamline the permitting process for seismic surveys.

Consideration of Atlantic Seismic Permitting Applications
This directive calls for the expedited consideration of appealed, new, or resubmitted seismic permitting applications for the Atlantic.  As we begin the important job of deciding which areas will be offered for exploration and development in a new Five-Year Program, information on what resources are potentially available is critical.  For this reason, we are moving forward with evaluation of the seismic permit applications for the mid- and south Atlantic.  The current data for these areas was collected 30 to 40 years ago.  There have been many advances in technology since then, and we need to have a better understanding of the resources we manage for the nation.

Following the previous Administration’s January 2017 denials of six pending G&G permit applications, and the subsequent Notices of Appeal by the applicants, BOEM’s Acting Director issued a memorandum on May 10, 2017, seeking a remand by the Interior Board of Appeals of the January 2017 denials so that the applications could be processed.  Upon request by BOEM, the Interior Board of Land Appeals remanded the appealed denials to BOEM on May 15, 2017, and BOEM notified the companies that the denials had been rescinded.  

BOEM has resumed its evaluation of the previously denied applications.  The NMFS Draft Proposed IHAs were published in the Federal Register on June 6, 2017, initiating a 30-day public comment period that has since been extended by NOAA to July 21, 2017.  The draft IHAs will be updated to reflect any new information resulting from the public review.  BOEM will then coordinate with NMFS on mitigation issues.

Review of Notice to Lessees (NTL) No. 2016-N01
The order directs BOEM to promptly complete the previously announced review of NTL No. 2016-N01 and to produce a report describing the review and options for revising or rescinding the NTL.  This NTL modified BOEM’s financial assurance program, which is designed to ensure that OCS lessees are able to meet all of their obligations.  Currently, the timeline for implementation of the NTL has been extended pending completion of the review by the Department.  However, BOEM has the authority to issue sole liability orders if it determines there is a substantial risk of nonperformance of the interest holder’s decommissioning liabilities.

BOEM is finalizing its review of NTL 2016-N0l, and has obtained significant industry feedback, principally from the Outer Continental Shelf Advisory Board, the Offshore Operators Committee, and the Pipeline Coalition.  Final program recommendations from BOEM to senior management are forthcoming.  Consistent with Secretary’s Order 3350, BOEM does not intend to implement the NTL prior to completing its review. 

Re-Examination of the “Offshore Air Quality Control, Reporting, And Compliance” Proposed Rule
This action item requires that BOEM immediately cease all activities to promulgate the “Offshore Air Quality Control, Reporting, and Compliance” Proposed Rule published in the  Federal Register on April 5, 2016, and all other rules and guidance published pursuant thereto.  BOEM is reviewing options for revising or withdrawing the proposed rule.  

Review of the Well Control and Blowout Preventer Rule (BOP)
This action item directs BSEE to “Promptly review the final rule on ‘Oil and Gas and Sulfur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf – Blowout Preventer Systems and Well Control’ for consistency with the policy set forth in section 2 of the Executive Order as well as all policies, rules, guidance, instructions, notices, or other implementing actions that have been adopted or are in the process of being developed relating thereto. ”

The final Well Control Rule (WCR) was issued more than 12 months ago and is being implemented by industry while some provisions of the rule have staggered implementation dates.  Based on feedback from industry and other parties since the final rule was issued, BSEE has identified potential modifications to the rule and subsequent related rulemakings. While internal review of this regulation is ongoing, any change would require adherence to the rulemaking process, which would provide opportunities for public comment on any proposed changes.

Review of Final Rule on Exploratory Drilling in the Arctic
This action item calls for the prompt review by both BOEM and BSEE of the final rule entitled “Oil and Gas and Sulfur Operations on the Outer Continental Shelf – Requirements for Exploratory Drilling on the Arctic Outer Continental Shelf,” published in the Federal Register on July 15, 2016.  In accordance with Section 4c of Secretary’s Order 3350, the President’s Executive Order on Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth, signed on March 28, 2017, as well as OMB guidance on Regulatory Review, internal review of this regulation is ongoing.  Any change would require adherence to the rulemaking process, which would provide opportunities for public comment on any proposed changes.

BOEM and BSEE are currently on track to comply with all action items tasked to them by Secretary’s Order 3350.

Renewable Energy Program
BOEM has thirteen commercial offshore wind energy leases in Federal waters, totaling over 1.2 million acres on the OCS.  In fact, BOEM’s Offshore Renewables Program now has wind energy leases off every state from Massachusetts to North Carolina, forming the foundation for an offshore wind industry in the Atlantic.

In the Atlantic, BOEM has held seven competitive offshore wind lease sales, generating $67.9 million in high bids.  In December 2016, after soliciting input from all stakeholders, particularly the fishing community, BOEM conducted an auction for 79,350 acres offshore New York, resulting in a winning bid of $42,469,725 for the lease area.  This auction, which yielded the highest revenue of any domestic offshore renewable energy auction to date, underscores the growing market demand for renewable energy among our coastal communities.  In March 2017, BOEM auctioned 122,405 acres offshore Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.  The provisional winner of the lease sale is Avangrid Renewables, LLC, with a bid of over $9 million.  

In the Pacific, BOEM continues to work closely with states and other stakeholders to facilitate offshore renewable energy development on the OCS off California, Oregon, and Hawaii.  
In the Gulf of Mexico, we are seeing interest by some oil companies to possibly use renewable energy resources to provide or supplement power for offshore operations, as well as interest from oil and gas-related manufacturing, fabrication and service industries to expand into the renewable energy sector.

Marine Minerals Program
BOEM is the only Federal agency authorized under the OCSLA to convey OCS sand resources for shore protection, beach, or wetland restoration projects undertaken by a Federal, state or local government.  In exercising this authority, BOEM may issue a negotiated non-competitive lease for the use of OCS sand to a qualifying entity in response to a request.

BOEM has invested more than $40 million over the past 20 years to identify non-energy resources on the OCS, conduct world-class scientific research, and lease OCS resources to coastal communities and other Federal agencies in need.  Information from environmental research and resource identification has informed environmental assessment and leasing decisions concerning the use of OCS sand resources in beach nourishment and coastal restoration.  To date, BOEM has authorized the conveyance of over 139 million cubic yards of sand in eight states resulting in the restoration of 303 miles of coastline.  Notable projects include significant beach restoration in Brevard, Duval, and Pinellas Counties in Florida, and coastal restoration along the coasts of New Jersey and New York in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.  Major restoration efforts have also occurred along the coastline of Louisiana.

Conclusion
Mr. Chairman, thank you again for the opportunity to be here today to discuss the Department, BOEM and BSEE’s efforts to execute our missions to safely and responsibly reduce our dependence on foreign oil and create jobs through the development of these important energy resources.  

I will be glad to answer any questions that you or members of the Subcommittee may have.

RF Wireless Vendors and Resources

About RF Wireless World

The RF Wireless World website is a home of RF and Wireless Vendors and Resources.
The site covers articles, tutorials, vendors, terminology, source code (VHDL, Verilog, MATLAB,Labview), test and measurement,
calculators, news, books, downloads and more.

The RF Wireless World site covers resources on various topics such as RF, wireless, vsat, satellite, radar, fiber optics, microwave, wimax, wlan, zigbee,
LTE, 5G NR, GSM, GPRS, GPS, WCDMA, UMTS, TDSCDMA, bluetooth, Lightwave RF, z-wave, Internet of Things(IoT), M2M, Ethernet etc.
These resources are based on IEEE and 3GPP standards.It also has academic section which covers colleges and universities in engineering and MBA disciplines.

Articles on IoT based Systems

IoT based Fall detection system for elderly: The article covers architecture of the Fall detection system used for elderly people.
It mentions benefits or advantages of IoT Fall detection system.
Read More➤

Also refer other articles on IoT based systems as follows:

• AirCraft Lavatory Cleanliness System
• Collision Impact Measuring System
• Perishable Food and Vegetables Tracking System
• Driver Assistance System
• Smart Retail System
• Water Quality monitoring System
• Smart Grid System
• Zigbee based Smart Lighting System
• Zigbee based smart parking system
• LoRaWAN based smart parking system

RF Wireless Articles

This Articles section covers articles on Physical layer(PHY), MAC layer, protocol stack and network architecture based on WLAN, WiMAX, zigbee, GSM, GPRS, TD-SCDMA, LTE, 5G NR, VSAT, Gigabit ethernet based IEEE/3GPP etc. standards.
It also covers test and measurement related articles on compliance testing used for device RF/PHY conformance tests. REFER ARTICLES INDEX >>.

5G NR physical layer: The physical layer processing for 5G NR PDSCH channel and 5G NR PUSCH channel have been covered stepwise.
This 5G physical layer description is as per 3GPP physical layer specifications.

Read More➤

Repeater basics and repeater types:
It explains functions of different types of repeaters used in wireless technologies.
Read More➤

Fading basics and types: This article covers small scale fading, large scale fading, slow fading, fast fading etc. used in wireless communication are explained.
Read More➤

5G Cell Phone architecture: This article covers 5G Cell Phone Block diagram with internal modules of 5G
Cellular phone architecture.
Read More➤

Interference basics and Interference types: This article covers adjacent channel Interference, co-channel Interference,
EM Interference, ICI, ISI, light Interference, Sound Interference etc.
Read More➤

5G NR Section

This section covers 5G NR (New Radio) features, numerology, bands, architecture, deployment, protocol stack (PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC) etc.
5G NR Quick reference Index >>

• 5G NR Mini Slot  
• 5G NR Bandwidth Part  
• 5G NR CORESET  
• 5G NR DCI Formats  
• 5G NR UCI  
• 5G NR slot formats  
• 5G NR RRC IEs  
• 5G NR SSB, SS, PBCH  
• 5G NR PRACH  
• 5G NR PDCCH  
• 5G NR PUCCH  
• 5G NR Reference Signals  
• 5G NR m-Sequence  
• 5G NR Gold Sequence  
• 5G NR Zadoff Chu Sequence  
• 5G NR Physical layer  
• 5G NR MAC layer  
• 5G NR RLC layer  
• 5G NR PDCP layer

Wireless Technology tutorials

This section covers RF and Wireless tutorials. It covers tutorials on topics such as
cellular communication, WLAN (11ac, 11ad) , wimax, bluetooth, zigbee, zwave, LTE, DSP, GSM, GPRS,
GPS, UMTS, CDMA, UWB, RFID, radar, VSAT, satellite, wlan, waveguide, antenna, femtocell, test and measurements, IoT etc.
Refer TUTORIALS INDEX >>

5G tutorial-This 5G tutorial also covers following sub topics on the 5G technology:
5G basics tutorial  
Frequency Bands  
millimeter wave tutorial  
5G mm wave frame  
5G mm wave channel sounding  
4G Vs 5G  
5G test equipments  
5G network architecture  
5G NR network interfaces  
channel sounding  
Channel types  
5G FDD vs TDD  
5G NR network slicing  
What is 5G NR  
5G NR deployment modes  
What is 5G TF  

This GSM tutorial covers GSM basics, network architecture, network elements, system specifications, applications,
GSM burst types, GSM frame structure or frame hierarchy, logical channels, physical channels,
GSM physical layer or speech processing, GSM mobile phone network entry or call setup or Power ON procedure,
MO call, MT call, VAMOS, AMR, MSK, GMSK modulation, physical layer, protocol stack, mobile phone basics,
RF planning, PS call downlink and PS call uplink.

➤Read more.

LTE Tutorial covering LTE system architecture covering LTE EUTRAN and LTE Evolved Packet Core(EPC) basics.
It provides link to LTE system overview, LTE air interface, LTE terminology, LTE UE categories, LTE frame structure, LTE physical layer,
LTE protocol stack, LTE channels (logical, transport, physical), LTE throughput, LTE carrier aggregation, Voice Over LTE, LTE advanced,
LTE vendors and LTE vs LTE advanced.➤Read more.

RF Technology Stuff

This page of RF wireless world covers step by step design of RF frequency converter with example of 70 MHz to C band RF UP converter
for microstrip board using discrete RF components viz. Mixers, Local oscillator, MMICs, synthesizer, OCXO reference oscillator,
attenuator pads. ➤Read more.

➤RF Transceiver Design & Development   
➤RF Filter design   
➤VSAT System   
➤Types & basics of microstrip   
➤Waveguide basics   

Test and Measurement Section

This section covers T&M resources, test and measurement equipments for testing DUTs based on
WLAN, WiMAX, Zigbee, Bluetooth, GSM, UMTS, LTE standards.
Test and Measurement INDEX >>

➤PXI system for T&M.
➤Signal generation and analysis 
➤PHY layer measurements 
➤WiMAX device conformance test 
➤Zigbee conformance test 
➤LTE UE conformance test 
➤TD-SCDMA conformance test

Fiber Optic Technology

Fiber optic component basics including detector, optical coupler, isolator, circulator, switches, amplifier,
filter, equalizer, multiplexer, connectors, de-multiplexer etc. This components are used in fiber optic communication.
Optical Components INDEX >>

➤Fiber optic communication tutorial 
➤APS in SDH 
➤SONET basics 
➤SDH Frame structure 
➤SONET vs SDH

RF Wireless Vendors, Manufacturers

RF Wireless World site covers manufacturers and vendors of various Rf components, systems and subsystems for vivid applications,
refer Vendors INDEX >>.

RF Component vendors covering rf isolator, rf circulator, rf mixer, rf amplifier, rf adapter, rf connector, rf modulator, rf transceiver, PLL, VCO, synthesizer, Antenna, oscillator, power divider, power combiner, filter, attenuator, diplexer, duplexer, chip resistor, chip capacitor, chip inductor, coupler, EMC stuff, RF Design Software, dielectric material, diode etc.
RF Components Vendors >>

➤LTE Base station 
➤RF Circulator 
➤RF Isolator 
➤Crystal oscillator 

MATLAB, Labview, Embedded Source codes

The RF Wireless World’s source code section covers MATLAB, VHDL, VERILOG and LABVIEW Programming languages related codes.
These codes are useful for beginners in these languages.
REFER SOURCE CODE INDEX >>

➤3 to 8 decoder VHDL code 
➤Scrambler descrambler MATLAB code 
➤32 bit ALU Verilog code 
➤T,D,JK,SR flipflop labview codes

*General public health information*

Do these five simple things to help stop coronavirus (COVID-19).

DO THE FIVE

1. HANDS: Wash them often

2. ELBOW: Cough into it

3. FACE: Don’t touch it

4. FEET: Stay more than 3ft (1m) apart

5. FEEL: Sick? Stay home

Use Contact Tracing Technology >> , Follow social distancing >> guidelines and
install data surveillance system >>
to save hundreds of lives.
Use of Telemedicine concept has become very popular in
countries such as USA and China to stop the spread of COVID-19 as it is contagious disease.

RF Wireless Calculators and converters

The calculators and converters section covers RF calculators, wireless calculators as well as unit converters.
These covers wireless technologies such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, 5G NR etc.
REFER CALCULATORS Index >>.

➤5G NR Throughput calculator  
➤5G NR ARFCN vs frequency conversion  
➤LoRa Data Rate Calculator 
➤LTE EARFCN to Frequency conversion 
➤Yagi Antenna Calculator 
➤5G NR sampling time calculator

IoT-Internet of Things Wireless Technologies

The section on IoT covers Internet of Things wireless technologies such as WLAN, WiMAX, Zigbee, Z-wave, UMTS, LTE, GSM, GPRS, THREAD, EnOcean, LoRa, SIGFOX, WHDI, Ethernet,
6LoWPAN, RF4CE, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Power(BLE), NFC, RFID, INSTEON, X10, KNX, ANT+, Wavenis, Dash7, HomePlug and more.
It also covers IoT sensors, IoT components and IoT companies.

Refer IoT main page>> and following links.

➤THREAD   
➤EnOcean   
➤LoRa tutorial  
➤SIGFOX tutorial  
➤WHDI   
➤6LoWPAN  
➤Zigbee RF4CE  
➤NFC  
➤Lonworks  
➤CEBus  
➤UPB  

RELATED POSTS

RF Wireless Tutorials

Different types of sensors

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Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS at Skyrim Special Edition Nexus

About this mod

The complete SarthesArai map marker collection with DLC and OCS built in patch.

Requirements

This mod does not have any known dependencies other than the base game.

Permissions and credits

Author’s instructions

This file inherits the original permissions given by SarthesArai.

Other user’s assets
All the assets in this file belong to the author, or are from free-to-use modder’s resources

Upload permission
You can upload this file to other sites but you must credit me as the creator of the file

Conversion permission
You can convert this file to work with other games as long as you credit me as the creator of the file

Modification permission
You must get permission from me before you are allowed to modify my files to improve it

Asset use permission
You are allowed to use the assets in this file without permission as long as you credit me

Asset use permission in mods/files that are being sold
You are not allowed to use assets from this file in any mods/files that are being sold, for money, on Steam Workshop or other platforms

File credits

SarthesArai for the actual work
Zilav for xEdit
Bethsoft because they own the CK

Donation Points system

This mod is not opted-in to receive Donation Points

Translations

• Spanish
• Portuguese
• Polish
• Italian
• German
• French
• Czech

Translations available on the Nexus

Czech Author: hruzisak	Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS Czech
Spanish Author: Pashalsta	Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS – Spanish translation
Polish Author: BAMsE80	Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS — spolszczenie (polish translation)
Italian Author: Darkridher	Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS – ITA
Portuguese Author: SarthesArai	-TRADUCAO PT-BR- Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS
German Author: Kugane	Map Markers Complete – German Translation
French Author: SarthesArai	Map Markers Complete FR
Czech Author: pepe143	Map Markers Complete with DLC and OCS – Czech translation
Polish Author: LordTorus	Map Markers Complete – Polish Translation

This is an edited version of Map Markers Complete by SarthesArai

Contains the following of SarthesArai mods:
What did I do to the plugin beyond the original work:

1. Ran through to the CK to update the form version(kinda pointless in my opinion but is a good habit)
2. Merged the Dragonborn dlc
3. Patched for OCS using the enable parent(I briefly tested this with and without OCS)
4. Cleaned up some edits that I dont think are needed so it only contains new records(no conflicts, kinda)

What this mod cannot cause:

• Crashes(I’d be very surprised as the mod is pretty simple)
• Water flow issues(All map markers are in the persistent CELL, so they cannot affect water flows)
• “Enemy” markers on compass(I checked this myself as all map markers have a type)

What mods do I recommend on top of this

• Pastel Map Markers (part of me thinks this looks bad but the other is really enjoying the uniqueness)

Community Services Block Grant (CSBG)

The Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) provides funds to alleviate the causes and conditions of poverty in communities.

In addition, discretionary grants are available at the statewide or local level, or for associations with demonstrated expertise in addressing the needs of low-income families, such as Community Action Agencies (CAAs).

 With the support of CSBG funding, states and CAAs work together to achieve the following goals for low-income individuals:

Working together, agencies increase their capacity to achieve results. Partnerships among supporters and providers of services play a large role in the successful implementation of CSBG grants. To find CSBG-funded Community Action Agencies (CAAs) in your area, please click on the link Find Your CAA.

90,000 OCS is … What is OCS?

90,000 OCS Distribution – Leader of the project distribution market

New NEC LED E and FE-E Series complete Sharp / NEC LED portfolio

Sharp NEC Display Solutions Europe announces the expansion of its LED portfolio with the addition of Essential E-Series Bundles and Fine Pitch Enterprise Eco solutions for customized LED video walls.The new LED E Series delivers excellent picture quality for any indoor video wall.

OCS introduces new Jabra AI camcorder

Jabra’s new PANACAST 20 is coming soon to OCS, a new generation intelligent, reliable and compact video camera with AI video processing. The device is of premium quality and guarantees an unprecedented high level of video communication using the most advanced technologies.

OCS became a partner of the CIPR 2021 conference

From 23 to 25 June, the sixth CIPR (Digital Industry of Industrial Russia) conference was held in Nizhny Novgorod. OCS Distribution, the largest Russian distributor *, acted as a partner of the event.

HUAWEI Consumer Business Group opens a new business area in Russia

“OCS is pleased to join the dynamically developing Huawei CBG business in Russia in the supply of commercial PCs, laptops and monitors to the Russian market, offering the widest geographical coverage and a professional team focused specifically on the segment of commercial client devices, working in all regions of OCS presence ”, – Dmitry Kleshnin, Vice President of OCS Distribution.

Veritas named OCS Best Distributor

Veritas Technologies, a leading developer of information management software, named OCS the best distributor for the International Emerging Region * at an online partner conference for the year. The company was also noted as the distributor with the largest turnover in the region.

Batch deployment of AGENT under windows of OCS Inventory NG

There are two methods for batch deployment:

The first is a domain environment that uses Group Policy to push the agent installation.

Second: Use OCS Inventory NG Agent Deployment Tool, Batch Deployment.

2. Use the OCS Inventory NG Agent Deployment Tool for batch deployments.

The first preparation is to download the OCS Inventory NG Agent Deployment Tool and the OCS Inventory NG Agent package installer from the official website, the second is to prepare the PsExec tool.

http://www.ocsinventory-ng.org/en/download/tools.html

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/Sysinternals/bb897553.aspx

The next step is to install the OCS Inventory NG Agent Deployment Tool. Installing this tool is very easy, just move on to NEXT.

Deployment and Installation OCS Inventory NG Agent

1. After starting the OCS Inventory NG Agent Deployment Tool, we find that there are three options: one is to install WINDOWS AGENT, one is to install LUNIX AGENT, and another is an option as shown below.

Since the batch deployment must use the psexec. exe tool, we first click Options to download the Psexec tool.

Then select “OK” to complete the important step. Back at the launch interface, after selecting “Windows Agent”, we start entering the IP address of the host that will be deployed in batches.

If you want to specify a host, you can choose the following. If you are installing the deployment tool on a member server, you can select Browse AD to find the computer that will be deployed through AD.If this is a workgroup computer, then you can select Browse Network to browse the workgroups on the network and find the host. We can find computers on the same working network segment or in non-workgroup mode via Browse Network. If it is not the same network segment, it will not be found. …

Select Next to enter the most important configuration link. Download the AGENT installation package to the “agent installation file”, enter your server side address in the OCS Inventory NG server URL and check the “Enable verbose logging” and “Inventory immediately after configuration” checkboxes

Select Next, enter your username and password to login.

Select Next to complete the configuration and then click Start to begin deployment.

The next step is to wait for a while, at startup there will be a running log

Related documents: http://tech.ddvip.com/2013-01/1359109278189632.html

90,000 Iron Defense: How Business Values ​​Are Changing | BrandVoice

The business loses more than $ 600 million annually due to hacker attacks.Moreover, about 43% of attacks are aimed at small businesses in all areas. Business spending on data protection is also growing – about $ 50 billion a year is divided into three categories: services of specialized companies; purchase of software; “iron”.

Due to the rapidly growing online market, the most sensitive area in the past year was retail. E-commerce players have faced the downfall of their online stores, the interception of orders or traffic, and the theft of user data by downloading checks.

At the same time, cybersecurity experts note that each company can ensure its own security if it takes care of two important things:

• modern equipment for employees;
• high security software.

Apple, which has historically focused on the security of its users’ data, continues to move in this direction. Security enhancements apply to both hardware and software levels.Thus, the latest generation Apple technology provides all modern protection methods: a processor with a built-in security system; encryption technologies; biometric login; monitoring systems; built-in antivirus; secure browser with web tracking prevention.

Employee protection

According to most research on cybersecurity, the main vulnerability of a business is the human factor.

Employees often lose passwords or inadvertently give access to them to third parties, especially in a remote work environment.The use of public Wi-Fi networks often leads to the interception of information from those devices that do not meet modern security standards and do not encrypt their network traffic.

All of these issues are addressed in the new Macs. At the hardware level, the company continues to develop the Secure Enclave module, which provides a high level of security by encrypting data and generating cryptographic keys. The technology has proven itself several years ago and continues to serve the safety of Apple users, with the M1 chip, it has become faster.SecureEnclave is not associated with the main processor, operating system, applications, that is, it is completely autonomous and secure. That is why it is used to ensure the safety of biometric information in Apple devices (Touch ID or Face ID).

When browsing the Internet, you also don’t have to worry about the security of your passwords, which are kept safe in the Safari browser by macOS data protection system: even if there are problems with passwords, they are quickly detected by the Password Monitoring service.

Sensitive data protection

Many business users underestimate the importance of privacy. For many, it means only the ethical side of the issue. However, the collection of personal data about your online behavior is of much greater value to cybercriminals: it is the basis for extortion, blackmail, and search for vulnerabilities in the user ecosystem, in order to carry out targeted hacker attacks in the future. Considering that the majority of attacks occur automatically at the expense of bots, it is important for hackers to know where to target their actions.

Many users do not even suspect how much data is collected about them on the Internet: names and dates, phone numbers and corporate addresses, travel and other expenses … Apple has taken another step towards improving the Safari browser by introducing Intelligent Tracking Prevention into it, which identifies all trackers and helps prevent online tracking. Plus, the user has the opportunity to view the full report for the entire time: which sites tried to collect information about him in order to avoid unscrupulous services in the future.

Also, the company’s engineers have built an antivirus and encryption system into the kernel of the operating system, which protects the disk even if the device is physically stolen. In turn, the Safari browser launches web pages autonomously, and therefore any malicious code does not get beyond one tab. If there are problems with any application downloaded to the device, the system immediately blocks it. Given that antivirus software is one of the top cybersecurity spending, it can be said that companies are saving more than they spend with the new Mac.

Such protection at all levels is extremely important in our time, when the number of possible attacks is constantly growing, and the value of business data is difficult to overestimate. If the device is outdated, then it may simply not recognize a new type of threat, which is often used by many cybercriminals.

How does the billing of a cellular operator work? / Beeline Business blog / Habr

^{The platform processes InitialDP 37 ms; the subscriber listened to beeps for 10 seconds; the duration of the conversation is a little more than 5 minutes.}

Billing collects information about the use of telecommunications services, their tariffication, is responsible for invoicing subscribers and processing payments.

There are 2 main types of calculation:

• Postpay – invoicing for the period based on its results (postpaid)
• And advance system (prepaid), when money is entered in advance.

Postpay appeared historically earlier, but prepayment turned out to be more convenient for customers (it is more controllable – almost something is wrong, there is a disconnection, and not a large invoice is issued).

Postpaid system

When a subscriber of the post-poll settlement system uses the services of an operator, special CDR (Charging Data Record) files are generated on the switches. In fact, these are ordinary logs, which indicate the subscriber’s number, date, call time / amount of downloaded traffic, etc. Billing, on the other hand, at a certain time (for example, once a day) connects to the switch, downloads CDRs for itself, calculates the cost of services and saves everything in a database (usually Oracle). Then, at the end of the month, the subscriber is billed with a summary.

Scheme of interaction of the Postpaid platform with the operator’s network core.
CSN – circuit switching network; Represented by channel switches (MSC).
PSN – packet switching network; Represented by packet switches and gateways (SGSN and GGSN, respectively).

The principle of operation of the postpaid system is relatively simple, because it does not require a platform response in real time: after all, the subscriber does not need to be warned about reaching zero (and, accordingly, there is no need to change the nature of the network’s interaction with him).

Advance system

In the case of advance tariffication, the telecom operator, in addition to accounting for the volume of services provided, needs to solve the problem of tracking the current account of the subscriber and, if it reaches zero, inform the subscriber / disable the provision of the service. Therefore, such systems are also called Online Charging System (OCS).

Since the operator provides different types of services and uses different types of networks (circuit / packet switching system), billing has to use different tariffication protocols to solve the problem of controlling the subscriber’s account, for example, the following:

Scheme of interaction of the prepaid platform with the network operator.

Let us examine these protocols in more detail.

CAP

CAP

(CAMEL Application Part) is an application layer protocol of the SS7 stack that implements intelligent services in GSM / UMTS networks (for example, prepaid).

Place of the protocol in the SS7 stack. The figure also shows a popular option using SIGTRAN technology (an SS7 extension that allows the use of “7” protocols over an IP network).

This protocol is used by OCS to communicate with the circuit switched network.Here is an example of tariffication for an outgoing voice call:

Dialogue of tariffication using the CAP protocol, ISUP messages are shown with dashed lines.

1. First, a message (Initial Detection Point) is sent to the billing from the MSC1 switch, in which the subscriber’s parameters are transmitted. These are incoming and outgoing numbers, the cell address of the called subscriber, and others. Based on this, it is possible to start analyzing the call. Billing creates a specific Detection Point – that is, a call state.OCS determines whether a subscriber can make a voice call (whether there are funds on the account), if possible, then for what maximum time.
2. After that, OCS responds to the switch with a Request Report BCSM Event (“I have initiated Detection Point, I am waiting for further information on the call status from you”). And it sends Apply Charging (“the subscriber has funds in his account, I authorize the call”). The maximum time that the subscriber can use is also sent there.
3. The switch, having received permission from OCS, initiates a voice connection between subscribers using the ISUP protocol by sending an IAM (Initial Address Message) message to MSC2.
4. MSC2 responds to MSC1 with an ACM (Address Complete Message) message, in this case it means “yes, my subscriber, he’s online now, I’m starting to call him”. Having received this message, MSC1 turns on long beeps to subscriber A.
5. Subscriber B picks up the phone, MSC2 sends MSC1 an ANM (Answer Message) message – “my subscriber picked up the phone, connect them”.
6. MSC1 connects subscribers A and B, the conversation begins. MSC1 sends Event Report BCSM (O_Answer) to OCS.OCS changes the state of the call for this subscriber. From this moment, billing begins (taking into account that the first 3 seconds are free).
7. While the subscribers are talking, MSC1 monitors the call time. If time is short, MSC will alert the subscriber with a beep.
8. In our case, subscriber B is the first to hang up, MSC1 and MSC2 make a friendly handshake using REL (Release Message) and RLC (Release Complete Message) messages.
9. MSC1 sends to OCS an Event Report BCSM message (O_Disconnect – “subscribers disconnected successfully”) and Apply Charging Report (how many seconds the conversation lasted).
10. OCS accepts this data and replies that it is now possible to close the session.

--- INVOKE ---
 A1 TAG: A1h [1]
 1B LEN: 27
      --- INVOKE ID ---
 02 TAG: 02h INTEGER
 01 LEN: 1
 02 INVOKE ID: 2
       === CAP ===
         --- INVOKE ---
         --- OPERATION ---
 02 TAG: 02h INTEGER
 01 LEN: 1
 23 OPERATION: 35 = applyCharging
       --- APPL CHARG ---
 30 TAG: 30h SEQUENCE
 13 LEN: 19
         --- ACH BCC ---
 80 TAG: 80h [0]
 0C LEN: 12
       --- TDC ---
 A0 TAG: A0h [0]
 0A LEN: 10
         --- MAX C P D ---
 80 TAG: 80h [0]
 03 LEN: 3
 01 19 40 MAX C P D: 4370 

This is part of the trace.We see that the applyCharging message was sent over the CAP protocol, the maximum call time (MAX CPD – Maximum Call Period Duration) is 437.0 seconds.

I will duplicate the picture to the kata: this is an example of communication using the CAP protocol. Timestamps can be estimated: the platform handles InitialDP 37ms; the subscriber listened to beeps for 10 seconds; the duration of the conversation is a little more than 5 minutes.

And here the call is long and you can see how the system itself asks MSC for the call status (activityTest) every 6 minutes.This is done so that, in case of any mistake, the conversation does not last for days (until the subscriber has written off all the money).

The CAP protocol can charge not only voice calls – it can also charge Internet connections, SMS, MMS and so on. Although in practice, specially sharpened protocols (DIAMETER / OSA) are most often used for these needs.

OSA

OSA

(Open Service Access) is an open software interface developed by the 3GPP and ETSI consortium, often used for charging VAS services and mobile Internet.

Let’s consider the operation of this protocol using the example of charging the mobile Internet service:

1. When trying to activate the PDP Context (the phone receives an IP address in the mobile operator’s network), GGSN asks the platform whether it is possible for this subscriber to activate a charging session (CreateChargingSessionReq) . ..
2. In our case, everything is fine (the subscriber is in the database, funds are available), the platform creates a charging session and allows you to activate PDP Context (CreateChargingSessionResp).
3. Now the subscriber wants to start downloading data. To allow him to do this, GGSN contacts the platform with a request to reserve funds (ReserveUnitReq). In general, a unit is an abstract thing, it can be anything – a kilobyte of data, text messages, a second of a conversation, a ruble, a pizza, a barrel, and so on. In our case, unit is 100 kB.
4. The platform checks if there is funds for 100 kB of traffic for this subscriber, in accordance with his tariff, and responds with a ReserveUnitResp message (“funds are reserved”). Having received this message from the platform, GGSN allows the subscriber to download traffic.
5. When the subscriber has downloaded the reserved portion of the traffic, the GGSN addresses the platform with the DebitUnitReq message (“you can write off the reserved funds”).
6. The platform debits funds and responds with a DebitUnitResp message (“funds have been successfully debited”).
7. The ReserveUnitReq-DebitUnitResp cycle is repeated until the subscriber downloads the entire Internet closes the Internet session.
8. When PDP Context’a is deactivated, GGSN sends a message about the end of the charging session to the platform; the memory allocated for this session is freed.

Request debitUnitReq; OSA commands are wrapped in the SOAP protocol, which in turn is encapsulated by the HTTP protocol.

Conclusion

Changing customer needs (including an increase in the volume of transmitted data), the creation of new types of services, entails the evolution of the mobile operator’s network, primarily in the area of ​​

VAS platforms

and billing systems.

If you are interested in the topic of the protocols of the AAA family, then later I will tell you about RADIUS, DIAMETER and other interesting things.

References

3GPP:

www.3gpp.org/index.php

ETSI:

www.etsi.org

OSA:

www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/29198-01.htm

ISUP:

www.asknumbers.com/SS7ISUPMessages.aspx

So you want to become an officer? All about OCS 2021

The Officer Candidate School (OCS) is a 14-week program in which graduates introduce officers to the United States Army.

The OCS Army was formed in 1941 to provide infantry officers during World War II. Throughout the years, OCS has remained an important source for recruiting into the military. The Officer’s Candidate School (OCS) is located in Fort Benning, Georgia and is the only officer-in-command in the army to commission more than 800 lieutenants a year.

Each summer an additional 650 National Guardsmen are trained each year.

In principle, there are three categories of OCS candidates: college graduates (civilians), active military (honorary) and direct commissions (doctors, lawyers, chaplains, etc.).Etc.). In this feature, we will focus on college graduates and current military (enrolled). All OCS graduates must work for a minimum of 3 years after graduating from OCS.

The OCS selection process is very selective. Only about 60% of all applicants are accepted to participate in OCS (note: the number of selected [current military] selection rates is relatively higher. About 70 percent of enrolled applicants go through the selection process). It should be noted that college graduates (civilians) and the current military (privates) do not compete with each other for the available OCS slots.Graduate (civil) candidates are selected by a selection board convened by the Army Recruitment Command, and the Current Military (Enrolled) is selected by a board convened by the Army Personnel Command (PERSCOM).

Once selected, the graduation rate for OCS is over 90 percent.

College Graduates (Civil Applicants)

Eligibility

• At least 19 and not older than 29 when applying for a job (applicants between the ages of 30 and 34 may request a waiver)
• United States Citizen
• At least 4-year bachelor’s degree before joining the military
• Earn a minimum of 110 GT Points on the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
• Meet the minimum standard for height and weight (male and female)
• Pass (MEPS)
• Ability to obtain permission to arm
• Valid Federal Service no more than 10 years at the time of commission
• Satisfying normal conscription requirements (Note: The criminal history requirements for the commission are much more stringent than those listed in the foreclosure requirement.As a general rule, the applicant for the commission should not have any convictions by civil or military courts (this does not apply to minor traffic violations with a fine or forfeiture of USD 250. 00 or less). the applicant should not be presumed to be a juvenile delinquent. This applies even if the judgment, or any part of it, has been suspended or withheld, or such conviction has in any way been removed from the court documents by satisfactory completion of the probation period.This also applies to adverse juvenile litigation. (Note: some beliefs can be overridden.)

Application Process

The application process begins with a conversation with an army recruiter. In the army, OCS candidates must be enrolled in order to participate in basic army training. Individuals who enroll in the army for the purpose of visiting the ACS complete the Army 901-210 9D program.

The process is summarized below:

The application process begins with the completion of Form DA 61, Application for Appointment (Note.This and other official forms in this article are PDF formats.To view them, you will need to download and install a PDF viewer, such as the free Acrobat Viewer, available at // www. Adobe. Com). You also complete SF Form 86 (Security Questionnaire) and Form DD 1966 (Processing Record for the Armed Forces.

The recruiter will schedule you a medical examination and take the Armed Forces Battery (ASVAB). There is no longer a special “officer test” for the Army OCS.Applicants graduate from ASVAB and must achieve a minimum of 110 points in the ‘GT’ area to qualify. You must meet the Army Regulations 40-501, Chapter 2 medical standards, as well as the vision requirements listed in 40-501 for combat weapons or combat support.

After you have passed the above criteria and have been verified for correctness by the recruiting battalion, you must appear before the recruiting council of the OCS battalion. The council consists of at least three commissioned officers.The advice will question you about your personal history, training, and experience. He will decide if you have the desire, determination and motivation needed to complete the rain and develop into a satisfying empowered officer. Based on this, each member of the board of directors will make an independent assessment of your overall qualifications for the panel. For an example of what the council might ask you, see DA Form 6285, Structured Interview, Army Preparatory Choice.

If the advice recommends rejection, you will be informed about it.Processing ends at this point. If the board recommends a decision, the results will be sent to the Army Recruiting Council, the OCS Review Board, which will finally approve and determine the OCS class date. After the review board approves the application, you will be enrolled in the Deferred Applications Program (DEP) and given a baseline training date (Note: Pre-service personnel who have been out of the army in less than five years usually do not have to return to army basic training ).

It should be noted here that unlike conscripts (current military), you will not know which officer branch you will select at the time of approval. However, you should generally be informed of your branch selection prior to attending OCS ( but not necessarily before starting basic training). The preferences you make in DA Form 61 are just those preferences. There is no guarantee that you will go to the officers’ section of your choice.

Current military

Eligibility:

• Be a United States citizen.
• Have a GT account of 110 or higher.
• Take the Physical Education Test 180 (APFT). (Note: must score at least 60 in each area).
• Pass the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), min. 850 or American College Test (ACT), min. 19 (Note: not required if the soldier already has a bachelor’s degree or higher).
• You have at least 90 semester hours of college education up to a degree and be able to complete your bachelor’s degree in one year.
• Achieve 80 or higher on the English Comprehension Level Test (ECLT) if the primary language is English.
• Be at least 18 years old and less than 34 years old (can waive age up to 39 years old). Get a complete physical examination six months before your application date.
• Valid Federal Service no more than 10 years at the time of the transaction (can be canceled).
• No convictions by civil or military courts. (This does not apply to minor traffic violations with a fine or forfeiture of $ 250,000 or less.)The applicant should not be considered a juvenile delinquent. This applies even if the judgment of the court or any part of it has been suspended or withheld, or such conviction has in some way been removed from the court documents by satisfactory completion of the probationary period. This also applies to adverse juvenile litigation. (Note: some beliefs can be overridden.)
• Advanced Individualized Training (MTA) completed
• Have had a type “A” medical examination within 9 months from the date of application.Applicants must meet the medical eligibility standards for procurement as prescribed in AR 40-501 paragraph 8-14 and have a serial physical profile of at least 222221.
• Previously, the preparation of candidate candidates has not been abandoned.

Who can apply:

• Active army warrant officers or rank-and-file members who have completed an AIT and reported their first permanent duty station may apply.
• Soldiers assigned to overseas teams may apply at any time, but are generally not permitted to return to the Continental United States (CONUS) to attend OCS until the completion of the five-sixth prescribed overseas tour (AR 614-30).
• Former authorized officers can apply if their only entered service was performed in one of the Armed Forces’ early deployment programs for students in health professions.
• Authorized warrant officers may apply.
• USAR law enforcers and non-active duty personnel may apply (see AR 140-50).
• Law enforcement officers and rank-and-file members of the United States Army National Guard (ARNGUS) may act as directed by the Chief of the National Bureau of Protection.Guidelines in the National Conservation Administration (NGR) 351-5 will be followed.

Who Cannot Apply:

• Currently conscientious objectors This statement will show that the applicant is willing to carry weapons and provide full and unqualified service to the United States.If the applicant has demonstrated a change in attitudes towards later military service, this must be indicated in the affidavit (see Form No. 61 (Declaration of Appointment), paragraph 24.) 1-9.
• Their choice is clearly not in the interests of national security.
• They were separated from any of the Armed Forces under unconventional conscription disqualification (AR 601-210).
• They (excluding authorized warrant officers) in any component of the Armed Forces (see above for exceptions).
• They were warned or ordered overseas if the attachment was not lication was sent to the unit commander before warning or receiving instructions for assignment during installation.
• They are in a state of suspension of favorable personnel actions for military personnel (AR 600-8-2).
• They visit, warn or book the Language Learning Institute, Foreign Languages ​​Center (DLIFLC) as a student. DLIFLC graduates must complete a minimum of 1 year of language use before they are eligible for OCS.
• They are residency flight training candidates or warrant officers attending a swing-wing pilot course. They are not eligible to visit OCS until they have completed their one-year usage tour.
• They are the Resident Assistants (Resident Assistants) who participated in Phase II, RP preparation. They are not eligible to visit OCS until they have completed 2 years of use.
• They are credited to the MTA.
• They have temporary debt status (TDY).
• They study in Basic Combat Training (BCT).
• They will be over 34 years old when assigned as an officer.
• They were to visit or visit the Drill Instructor School. Graduates of Drill Instructor School must complete a minimum of 2 years as a Drill Sergeant before applying for OCS.
• They do not apply to any department of the Army.
• They did not successfully complete the officer entry program.
• They attend the Resident’s Candidate School or MOS Graduate School.

Application Process

For the current military, the most important thing you want to do is check with your chain of command (platoon sergeant, first sergeant, commander) to apply for OCS. If your chain doesn’t support you, your application is dead on arrival. As with civil applications, the process begins with completing Form DA 61, Application for Appointment. On Form DA 61, paragraph 6, applicants will indicate at least 10 branch preferences in order of preference.

Required preferences

(1) Male applicants. 2-combat weapons, 2-combat weapons and 2-combat services. One of the branches of combat weapons should be among the first three options. The remaining four options will be at the discretion of the applicant.

(2) Women applicants. 1-combat armament (excluding IN and AR), 2-combat armament, 2-combat armament. The remaining five options will be at the discretion of the applicant.

(3) Ensign of the Aviators. Warrant officers who wish to be commissioned aviators will list AB as the only option for the affiliate.

Form DA 61 along with supporting documentation (college transcripts, waiver requests, letters of recommendation) are sent to the unit commander who reviews and approves the application. The squad leader then submits the application package through the intermediate commander (for review / approval) to the Installation team. Installation Commander Convokes “OCS Structured Interview:”

(1) The structured interview assesses the extent to which the applicant has developed attributes that indicate the potential for a successful career as a professional officer commissioned by the army.The applicant’s past behavior in various situations is assessed to predict future work.

(2) A group of three interviewers will conduct the interview. All team members must be empowered; the group president must be major or higher, and the other two group members must be captain or higher.
(3) Immediately prior to the structured interview, panelists will require the applicant to submit a handwritten story on standard 8 1/2 on 11-inch paper that says, “Why I want to be an army officer.“This narrative gives the interviewer an opportunity to appreciate the applicant’s letter and the ability to express a desire to serve as an officer.

• (a) The applicant will be allowed a maximum of 1 hour to complete the narration.

  (b) The narration will not exceed two pages.

  (c) No help other than using a dictionary will be allowed to explain the question.

The installation commander reviews the board recommendation and approves / rejects the package.If approved, the Installation Commander passes the application through the MACOM command (who can also approve / reject), which sends the packet to the PERSCOM Army (Personnel Command), where the packet is checked by the OCS selection group, which makes the final choice, the PERSCOM board selects the branch at the same time approval of the OCS package.

OCS Tidbits

For more information on Army OCS, visit the OCS Foundation website.

Relocation of family members. In general, the army allows the transfer of dependents at public expense if the duration of training (in one location) exceeds 180 days. For OCS, this means that if you visit OCS branched out to the infantry, the army will pay to move your dependents to Fort Benning, as there is also an army infantry instructor conducted here, and the duration of the OCS plus the duration of the officer’s infantry training exceeds 180 days. If you visit OCS for any other branch, the Army will not pay to transfer their dependents to Fort Benning.You can, however, pay to move them yourself. If you have dependents, you will receive BAH (Housing Benefit) during your time at OCS. The BAH rate you receive depends on the location of your dependents. If you do decide to move your dependents, do not expect to live with them, however, in your OCS time. Except for Sunday church, you really won’t have access to your family members for at least the first seven weeks of OCS. After this weekend, there is a conditional period until you move to the senior phase (week from 11 to 14 weeks), when the restrictions are slightly relaxed.

Base Officer Leadership Course . At the time of this article, BOLC is still being tested. Not all OCS alumni will participate in this next edition. Now the majority of the elect are officers with no military experience. The Army plans to make BOLC mandatory for all newly commissioned officers (including provisional service) in the future.

Swap. If you complete a branch you don’t like, you can arrange to exchange your branch with another during OCS.If you are fortunate enough to find someone from OCS to switch branches with you, you will be given the opportunity to fill out Form DA 4187, Personnel Action Form. You and the person you are moving with will verify the specified information, the personnel details of both parties, and subscribe to the branch switch request. From now on, it is in the hands of the PERSCOM gods when they receive it.

Accommodation Most of the rooms have double rooms, although if you are of a large class, some may contain three.Showers – kiosks with doors (4 per restroom).

90,000 TransMedics expects to raise $ 75 million for IPO

TransMedics has set a range for its upcoming initial public offering. The company is preparing to raise an average of $ 75 million within the placement.

Massachusetts-based TransMedics has developed a transport system for organ transplants.

A year ago, TransMedics received FDA approval to develop the OCS Lung device for standard dual lung transplant procedures.In Europe, OCS Heart and OCS Lung are already on the market.

The company said it plans to list 4.7 million shares at a price ranging from $ 15 to $ 17 per share. This translates into a maximum borrowing of $ 79.9 million and $ 75.2 million at the midpoint. The upper end of the range is less than the company’s earlier forecast. The company announced the figure of $ 86. 3 million when it announced its IPO. TransMedics plans to trade the shares on the NASDAQ under the symbol ‘TMDX’.

TransMedics said it expects any FDA reaction within the next 18 months regarding other submitted documents on its inventions.Among these documents, there is one filed last August for unused donated lungs, and another filed in December 2018 for hearts donated after brain death.

In the United States, OCS devices are reimbursed using existing billing codes. That being said, Medicare and private companies cover their use in major trials for all three organs, as well as OCS Lung, which was tested last year.

“We believe these channels will continue to facilitate the commercial reimbursement of OCS Lung.We are also in the process of looking for ways to compensate for our products outside of the United States, ” – TransMedics said in its initial IPO. They added that the company had sales of $ 13.0 million last year, up 68.8% from 2017.