What are some notable events hosted by Gettysburg College. How does the college engage alumni and students through its programming. Which historical topics are featured in Gettysburg College events.
Civil War Institute’s “Finding the Source” Virtual Program
Gettysburg College’s Civil War Institute offers an engaging virtual program called “Finding the Source”. This weekly live-streamed series features interviews with academic and public historians of the Civil War era. During each session, historians discuss an historical source of particular interest to their latest research, as well as what inspired them to join the history profession.
Key details about the “Finding the Source” program:
- Hosted by CWI Director Peter Carmichael and Assistant Director Ashley Whitehead Luskey
- Live-streamed on the CWI Facebook page
- Recorded sessions available on Facebook and CWI YouTube channel
- Features a diverse lineup of historians discussing their research
Upcoming “Finding the Source” Sessions
The spring 2024 schedule includes the following sessions, all starting at 7:00 PM unless otherwise noted:
- February 3: Andrew Lang discussing “A Contest of Civilizations: Exposing the Crisis of American Exceptionalism in the Civil War Era”
- February 17 (7:15 PM): Deirdre Cooper Owens on “Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology”
- March 3: Matthew Hulbert & Andrew Fialka exploring Civil War guerrillas in history and memory
- March 17: Kathryn Shively presenting “Jubal Early and the Architecture of the Lost Cause”
- March 31: Jonathan Jones discussing “Opium Slavery: Civil War Veterans and Opium Addiction”
- April 14: Amy Greenberg on “A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 Invasion of Mexico”
- April 28: Elizabeth Varon & William Kurtz presenting “Black Virginians in Blue”
- May 12: Kenneth Noe discussing “The Howling Storm: Weather, Climate, and the American Civil War”
Annual Civil War Institute Summer Conference
The Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College hosts an annual summer conference that brings together leading historians, students, and Civil War enthusiasts. This multi-day event features a packed schedule of lectures, panel discussions, battlefield tours, and social events.
Conference Highlights
While the exact schedule may vary year to year, typical conference highlights include:
- Keynote lectures by renowned Civil War historians
- Panel discussions on various aspects of Civil War history
- Guided battlefield tours of Gettysburg
- Book signings with featured authors
- Social events for networking and discussion
Sample Conference Schedule
A typical day at the CWI Summer Conference might include:
- Breakfast in the Dining Center
- Morning lectures and panel discussions
- Lunch break with optional book signings
- Afternoon battlefield tours or concurrent sessions on specialized topics
- Evening keynote lecture
- Optional dine-in discussions on various Civil War themes
Featured Lectures and Discussions
The Civil War Institute conference often includes named lectures honoring significant contributors to Civil War scholarship. These may include:
- The Robert L. Bloom Lecture
- The Gabor S. Boritt Lecture
Past topics for these featured lectures have included:
- “Memorializing Gettysburg’s Civil War Centennial” by Jill Ogline Titus
- “U.S. Grant, Race, and the Formation of Military and Political Policy” by Brooks Simpson
Engaging Battlefield Tours and Workshops
For attendees seeking a more immersive experience, the conference often includes specialized tours and workshops. These may feature:
- Walking tours focused on specific aspects of the Battle of Gettysburg
- Workshops on Civil War era artifacts and archaeology
- Discussions of battlefield preservation and interpretation
How do these tours enhance the conference experience? By providing hands-on learning opportunities and allowing participants to engage directly with the historical landscape of Gettysburg.
Opportunities for Student Engagement
Gettysburg College offers several summer programs designed specifically for high school students interested in history and other academic fields. These programs provide young scholars with the opportunity to experience college-level coursework and campus life.
Summer Academic Programs
While specific offerings may change from year to year, past summer programs have included:
- Psychology
- Creative Writing
- Civil War Era Studies
These programs typically allow students to:
- Attend lectures and seminars led by Gettysburg College faculty
- Participate in hands-on learning activities and field trips
- Experience residential life on a college campus
- Interact with other high-achieving students from around the country
Alumni Engagement and Networking Opportunities
Gettysburg College’s events provide numerous opportunities for alumni to stay connected with their alma mater and engage with current students and faculty. How does the college foster these connections?
- Alumni are invited to attend and participate in academic conferences like the CWI Summer Conference
- Special receptions and social events allow alumni to network with each other and meet current students
- Alumni often serve as guest speakers or panelists, sharing their professional experiences with the college community
- The college hosts regional alumni events throughout the year to keep graduates connected
Impact of COVID-19 on College Events
The global pandemic has necessitated changes to many of Gettysburg College’s traditional events and programs. How has the college adapted its programming in response to COVID-19?
- Transition to virtual formats for many lectures and discussions
- Implementation of health and safety protocols for any in-person events
- Potential rescheduling or reimagining of large gatherings like the CWI Summer Conference
- Increased emphasis on online engagement opportunities for alumni and students
Gettysburg College continues to monitor the situation and adjust its events and programs as necessary to ensure the safety of all participants while still providing engaging educational experiences.
Gettysburg College’s Commitment to Historical Education and Public History
Through its various events and programs, Gettysburg College demonstrates a strong commitment to historical education and public history. How does this commitment manifest in the college’s programming?
- Hosting academic conferences that bring together scholars, students, and history enthusiasts
- Offering public lectures and discussions on a wide range of historical topics
- Providing opportunities for hands-on learning through battlefield tours and archaeology workshops
- Engaging with the broader public through virtual programs like “Finding the Source”
- Supporting student research and presenting opportunities for students to share their work
By fostering these diverse learning opportunities, Gettysburg College plays a crucial role in promoting historical understanding and critical thinking about the past and its relevance to the present.
Gettysburg College’s events and programs offer a rich tapestry of educational experiences for students, alumni, and the general public. From in-depth academic conferences to engaging virtual discussions, the college provides numerous opportunities to explore history, connect with scholars, and develop critical thinking skills. As the college continues to adapt to changing circumstances, its commitment to fostering historical understanding and public engagement remains steadfast.
For those interested in participating in Gettysburg College events or learning more about its academic programs, the college’s website provides up-to-date information on upcoming events, registration details, and contact information for various departments and institutes. Whether you’re a prospective student, an alumnus looking to reconnect, or a history enthusiast seeking to deepen your knowledge, Gettysburg College offers a wealth of opportunities to engage with the past and connect with a vibrant intellectual community.
Events – Gettysburg College
Join the Civil War Institute’s Director, Peter Carmichael and Assistant Director, Ashley Whitehead Luskey as they live-stream our virtual program: “Finding the Source!” Over the course of the semester, this weekly program will feature virtual interviews with both academic and public historians of the Civil War era to discuss an historical source of particular interest to them in their latest research endeavors, as well as the source of their personal inspiration to join the history profession.
To watch these conversations LIVE, go to the CWI Facebook page at the time and day of the program. Live-streamed conversations are recorded and available for watching (or re-watching) anytime on our Facebook page or through the CWI YouTube channel.
Program Schedule
February 3, 7 pm: Andrew Lang (A Contest of Civilizations: Exposing the Crisis of American Exceptionalism in the Civil War Era)
February 17, 7:15 pm: Deirdre Cooper Owens (Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology)
March 3, 7 pm: Matthew Hulbert & Andrew Fialka (The Civil War Guerrilla: Unfolding the Black Flag in History, Memory, and Myth; The Ghosts of Guerrilla Memory: How Civil War Guerrillas Became Gunslingers in the American West)
March 17, 7 pm: Kathryn Shively (“Jubal Early and the Architecture of the Lost Cause”)
March 31, 7 pm: Jonathan Jones (“Opium Slavery: Civil War Veterans and Opium Addiction”)
April 14, 7 pm: Amy Greenberg (A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 Invasion of Mexico)
April 28, 7 pm: Elizabeth Varon & William Kurtz (“Black Virginians in Blue”)
May 12, 7 pm: Kenneth Noe (The Howling Storm: Weather, Climate, and the American Civil War)
7:30 a. m. – 8:30 a.m. | Breakfast Dining Center |
| 8:30 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. | Debating James Longstreet, Gary Gallagher (University of Virginia), Jeffry Wert (Independent Scholar), & Carol Reardon (Penn State University & Gettysburg College). Moderator: Peter Carmichael (Gettysburg College) CUB Ballroom |
| 8:30 am – 5:00 p.m. | Active Track Tour: Sharpshooting at Gettysburg, Timothy Orr (Gettysburg College) **WALKING INTENSIVE TOUR |
| 9:30 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. | Break |
| 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m. | The Demobilization of Lee’s Army, Caroline Janney (University of Virginia) |
| 10:45 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. | Break |
11:00 a. m. – 12:00 p.m. | Union War Aims, Postwar Realities, and the Myth of a Lost Moment during Reconstruction, Gary Gallagher (University of Virginia) CUB Ballroom |
| 12:00 p.m. – 1:00 p.m. | Lunch Dining Center |
| 12:15 p.m. – 1:00 p.m. | Faculty Book Signing The Grill (Dining Center) |
| 1:15 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. | The Robert L. Bloom Lecture: Memorializing Gettysburg’s Civil War Centennial, Jill Ogline Titus (Gettysburg College) CUB Ballroom |
| 2:30 p.m. – 2:45 p.m. | Break |
| 2:45 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. | Concurrent Sessions (Attendees pick 1, no reservations required)
|
| 3:45 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. | Break |
| 4:00 p.m. – 5:15 p.m. | Archaeology of Camp Life, David Bush (Heidelberg University) & Matthew Reeves (The Montpelier Foundation). Moderator: Jim Broomall (Shepherd University) CUB Ballroom |
| 5:30 p.m. – 6:45 p.m. | Dinner Dining Center |
DINE-IN DISCUSSIONS (pre-assigned)
The Atrium (Dining Center) | |
7:00 p. m. – 8:00 p.m. | The Gabor S. Boritt Lecture: U.S. Grant, Race, and the Formation of Military and Political Policy, Brooks Simpson (Arizona State University) CUB Ballroom |
Moderator: Peter Carmichael (Gettysburg College) Breidenbaugh 201/Joseph TheaterSummer Programs – Conference & Event Services
Response to COVID-19: Dates for the 2021 camps are listed below. Please see the College’s Coronavirus Response page for additional information.
Gettysburg College is excited to offer several opportunities for high school students over the summer months.
Subjects include psychology, creative writing, or Civil War Era Studies — learn more about our summer programming below!
On this page:
- Civil War Era Studies Virtual Camp — Monday, July 5 – Friday, July 9, 2021
- Camp Psych Virtual Camp — Monday, July 19 – Friday, July 23, 2021- FULL
Monday, August 9 – Friday, August 13, 2021 – FULL - Young Writers Workshop Virtual Camp — Monday, July 12 – Friday, July 16, 2021
Civil War Era Studies Virtual Camp
Monday, July 5 – Friday, July 9, 2021
Civil War Era Studies Camp provides rising high school Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors an immersive experience into Civil War history.
Where: Gettysburg College campus
When: Monday, July 5 – Friday, July 9, 2021
Cost: $400 for lectures and activities online
Who: Rising high school sophomores, juniors, and seniors
Apply for Civil War Era Studies Camp
Camp Psych Virtual Camp
Monday, July 19 – Friday, July 23, 2021
Camp Psych provides rising high school sophomores, juniors and seniors a window into how psychological science works. Campers will get hands-on experience that introduces them to research in psychology in a fun, challenging, and engaging environment. Campers will not simply learn about cutting edge issues and research in psychology this camp gives students an insider view of the field as well as preparation for college studies.
Where: Gettysburg College campus
When: Monday, July 19 – Friday, July 23, 2021- FULL
Monday, August 9 – August 13, 2021 – FULL
Cost: $350 for lectures and activities online
Who: Rising high school sophomores, juniors, and seniors
Apply for Camp Psych
Young Writers Workshop Virtual Camp
Monday, July 12 – Friday, July 16, 2021
Come enjoy a college-level creative writing experience.
In our seminars and workshops you will develop your unique writing voice, and write your own story in one or more genres–poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and writing for stage and screen. Prepare to be inspired.
Meet new friends who share your passion for creative writing and your interest in poetry, fiction, nonfiction and writing for stage and screen. Be inspired by our seminars and workshops, and develop your own story in one or more genres.
Where: Gettysburg College campus
When: Monday, July 12 – Friday, July 16, 2021
Cost: $400 for lectures and activities online
Who: Rising high school sophomores, juniors, and seniors
Apply for the Young Writers Workshop
HACC’s Gettysburg Community Events
HACC, Gettysburg Campus presents Community Education Day
Oct. 11, 2019 from 8:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
Community Education Day features coffee and donuts, a bagged lunch and three class selections.:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/breidenbaugh-hall-gettysburg-college-56a1883b3df78cf7726bcbd0.jpg)
Review the course offerings for each session time and choose a first and second choice.
8:30-9 a.m. (CHECK IN / COFFEE AND DONUTS)
9-10:30 a.m. (SESSION I)
Leadership from the Movies: Moby Dick (50916)
Re-visit a classic movie, Moby Dick, with an eye toward finding leadership lessons for contemporary times. Using movie clips to guide discussion, we will analyze the obsessive Captain Ahab (played by Gregory Peck) as he masterfully persuades his international crew to abandon their original mission and join him in seeking revenge on the great white whale, Moby Dick, who had taken off Ahab’s leg in a previous voyage.
Instructor: Antigoni Ladd, Curriculum Director, Tigrett Leadership Academy, Room 148
Tips for Historical Research- (50919)
Dig past the names and dates in your historical and genealogical research to find the stories of the past.
Discover some new resources in your research and how to use them to uncover the tales that make writing about history interesting.
Instructor: James Rada, Jr., Room 115
Unsung Allied Codebreakers of World War II– (50920)
It was disclosed 30 years after World War II that the Allies broke the German ENIGMA cipher machine and 60 years after the war that they broke a second German machine called TUNNY. Popular accounts omit critical contributions of some overlooked men and women who deserve to be better known. This nontechnical talk will describe their ingenious work and specific instances of how intelligence from both systems brought extreme disadvantage to Nazi forces.
Instructor: David Peters, Room 138
Historic Architecture of Adams County, Pennsylvania– (50921)
This lecture will look at the history of the diaspora and settlement of three or more ethic and religious groups to York-Adams County –including the Scots-Irish, the German, and the Society of Friends/Quakers.
We will look at each of the groups’ architectural contributions to our communities and discuss leadership, martial, culture, and religious impacts.
Instructor: James J Fritz, Room 113
10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m. (SESSION II)
The Devil among Us: Understanding Salem- (50923)
This lecture examines the cultural, religious, and psychological influences that led to the Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. Primary historical documents and sermons, as well as modern perspectives and theories will be discussed.
Instructor: Cristal Renzo, Associate Professor, English, Room 145
A Walk among Heroes- (50924)
Join us for a walking tour among heroes. Participants will board the HACC bus. We will begin with a short walk to the iconic statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the D-Day invasion. Participants will then continue on to the National Cemetery where they will discover the history of the cemetery as well as visiting the sites of 10 WWII heroes buried there.
Hear their stories and participate in a Jewish/Military tradition of honoring the dead. Seating is limited to 13 people and will be assigned on a first come basis.
Instructor: Tara Wenzel, Master Instructor Department of Defense (Retired). Meet in the HUB
Discovering Truth with John Dewey– (50925)
We will spend time with American Philosophers who loved the adventure of discovery for young and old alike. Enthusiasm guides us to find what is true and good – what works to solve a problem. Let’s look at the facts, plan together, be ready to listen and change our views along the way. John Dewey invites us to come along just for a while this morning. I hope you enjoy the journey
Instructor: Thomas J. Joyce, Ph.D, Room 147
Eddie Plank: Gettysburg’s Hall of Fame Pitcher– (50926)
Eddie Plank is a Gettysburg farm boy who made it to the Major League. This famed left-handed pitcher played in four World Series and had 326 career wins.
This is still the third best for a left-handed pitcher, and Eddie did this in fewer years than the two players with more wins. Come learn about Eddie’s career, his life in Gettysburg, his marriage to a local girl from New Oxford, and his legacy in baseball.
Instructor: James Rada, Jr. Room 115
12:15-1 p.m. LUNCH
1-2:30 p.m. (SESSION III)
Chief Justice Roberts and the Supreme Court – Controversy or Consensus?- (50927)
The ideology of the Roberts Supreme Court is the subject of discussion and debate. This past year, the Court issued major opinions on gerrymandering, the symbolism of crosses on public property, the legality of a citizenship question in the Census, and Congress’s relationship with administrative agencies. Ted Hirt, who was a career attorney at the U.S. Department of Justice for over 36 years, recaps several of the controversial decisions from the Supreme Court’s 2018-2019 term.
Instructor: Ted Hirt, Professorial Lecturer in Law, George Washington University Law School, Room 113
How are You Composing Your Life? – (50928)
How do we compose our lives? What happens when interruptions occur, like job loss, children moving away, limited mobility? We may face transitions, like retirement. How do we handle such events? What do we do now? We will discuss these questions by exploring what activities we have enjoyed in the past and present. Are there common threads throughout? What are they? How can we use those threads to stitch together a new garment that fits us today and tomorrow?
Instructor: Nancy Whitman, Retired Teacher, Room 148
Historic Homes and Grounds Tour at the Seton Shrine– (50929)
Visit a national shrine in Emmitsburg, MD that is a historic and religious site of the first native-born American saint, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. Whether you are interested in history, art or the outdoors, you will find it at the Seton Shrine while discovering this incredible woman’s story and the inspirational like and legacy that lives on in her name.
This lecture will be a 60 minutes guided tour that includes 2 historic homes Elizabeth Ann Seton lived in as well as the Basilica. Participants will board the HACC bus and travel to the Seton Shrine. Seating is limited and will be assigned on a first come basis. This program is limited to 14 people. This bus tour is expected to return at 3:15 PM.
Instructor: Bridgett Bassler, Education Coordinator, Lisa Donahue or Richard Sautter, Docent Guide, Seton Shrine. Meet in the HUB
More Perspectives of Civil War Medicine: from the Practioner and the Soldier- (50930)
Contrasts the perspective of the Civil War medical practioner and the patient soldier. Relates the many advances in medical practice of the mid 19th century, including examples of actual medical devices (replica) and first person accounts of soldiers who were patients in a Gettysburg Civil War field hospital – and their encounters with the military medical system of their day.
Instructor: Tom Laser, Christ Lutheran, and Virgil Gibson, HACC Faculty, Room 138
Community Education Day Registration Form (pdf)
Ninety-nine coffins – read the full version of the book for free online (h notes)
Notes (edit)
one
Jeb (James Ewell Brown) Stuart (1833-1864) – cavalry, Major General of the Army of the Confederate States of America.
2
Robert Edward Lee (1807-1870) – General of the Army of the Confederate States of America, Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia and Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate Army.
3
Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) – politician, first and only president of the Confederate States of America.
4
Yes (German).
five
Macaun’s apples, named in 1932 after the Canadian scientist W. T. Macaun, is considered to this day one of the best apple varieties in the northeastern United States.
6
Doughtnut manchers (iron.) – large, often short of breath and obese police officers.
7
Pennsylvania Hall is the main administrative building of Gettysburg College.
eight
Kansas Massacre – The events of 1854 immediately preceding the American Civil War, an armed conflict between abolitionist Kansas and Missouri, defended the position of slave owners.
nine
Hogshead – a large barrel with a capacity of approximately 240 liters.
10
Correct, exact word (French).
eleven
A popular mailing list for clothing and sports equipment in the United States.
12
The electronic map of Gettysburg was created in 1937–1938 by J. Rosensteel; it occupied an area of about 30 square meters. feet, depicting troop movements during the Battle of Gettysburg. One of Gettysburg’s tourist attractions, the park was closed in April 2008 despite a public campaign.
13
Edwin Stanton (1814-1869) – Minister of War under the government of Abraham Lincoln.
fourteen
The Devil’s Lair is a rocky area south of Gettysburg.
gettysburg – from English to Russian
Gettysburg – may refer to: Events * Battle of Gettysburg, a battle during the American Civil War that took place at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on July 1 3, 1863.
* Gettysburg Address, a famous speech made by President Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania … Wikipedia
Gettysburg – Memorial Lage in Pennsylvania… Deutsch Wikipedia
Gettysburg – Gettysburg, OH U.S. village in Ohio Population (2000): 558 Housing Units (2000): 201 Land area (2000): 0.440166 sq. miles (1.140025 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000407 sq. miles (0.001054 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.440573 sq.miles (1.141079 sq … StarDict’s U.S. Gazetteer Places
Gettysburg – prop. n. The name of a battle of the American Civil War fought in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylavania, in 1863. At this battle, the defeat of General Robert E. Lee s invading Confederate army was a major victory for the Union, and is … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gettysburg – puede referirse a: La Batalla de Gettysburg, la mayor batalla que ha tenido lugar en América del Norte, considerada crucial en la Guerra Civil Estadounidense.
Gettysburg, película de 1993 de Ronald F. Maxwell, sobre la batalla anterior. El…… Wikipedia Español
Gettysburg – Gettysburg, batalla de * * * Ciudad (pob., 2000: 7.49 0 hab.), En el sur del estado de Pensilvania en EE.UU. Fue escenario de una batalla transcendental de la guerra de Secesión (ver batalla de Gettysburg). En la actualidad, la ciudad y la zona…… Enciclopedia Universal
Gettysburg – [getɪzbəːg], Stadt im südlichen Pennsylvania, USA, 7,000 Einwohner.Die Schlacht bei Gettysburg (1.3.7.1863) brachte mit der Niederlage der Konföderierten unter General R. Lee die Wende zugunsten der Nordstaaten im Sezessionskrieg. Das…… Universal-Lexikon
Gettysburg, OH – U.S. village in Ohio Population (2000): 558 Housing Units (2000): 201 Land area (2000): 0.440166 sq. miles (1.140025 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000407 sq. miles (0.001054 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.440573 sq.
miles (1.141079 sq. km) FIPS code… StarDict’s U.S. Gazetteer Places
Gettysburg, PA – U.S. borough in Pennsylvania Population (2000): 7490 Housing Units (2000): 2759 Land area (2000): 1.641704 sq. miles (4.251993 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.004723 sq. miles (0.012232 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.646427 sq. miles (4.264225 sq. km)… StarDict’s U.S. Gazetteer Places
Gettysburg, SD – U.S. city in South Dakota Population (2000): 1352 Housing Units (2000): 683 Land area (2000): 1.864 513 sq. miles (4.829066 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.864513 sq. miles (4.829066 sq. km)…… StarDict’s U.S. Gazetteer Places
Gettysburg – town in southern Pennsylvania, U.S., 1800 (earlier it was Gettys town), founded 1780s by Gen. James Gettys and named for him. Civil War battle there was fought July 1 3, 1863. The Gettysburg Address was given Nov.
19, 1863, and was being called … … Etymology dictionary
90,000 CONAPP 2020 – Work In Progress: Students for a Radical Peace
WHAT IS CONAPP?
CONAPP stands for Consortium of Peace Programs in North America.It is hoped to create this consortium at a conference in 2020 with student institutions as founding members.
Viewpoint
Student-led and student-centered peace and justice conference. Gettysburg College (Pennsylvania, USA), June 8-11, 2020 Gettysburg is famous for the American Civil War. We will gather here to discuss peace and justice, and dare to present radical alternatives!
HEARING
This is a conference that will invite undergraduate students in Peace and Justice (and other related programs) from Canada, the United States and Mexico to share their research and best practices in the areas of peace, justice, conflict resolution and activism.Masters and doctoral students, professors and community members can attend, study and communicate, but the speakers will be only students.
WHY ONLY PREPARATIONS?
Too often we ask students to sit down and wait “our turn”. Now it’s our turn! Many undergraduate executives have brilliant ideas; we are ready to listen, learn and build a new future together!
FORMAT
We want to turn the tired conference format upside down by adopting Freyr’s practice (critical thinking plus critical action).At this conference, presenters will send their ideas to the participants in advance for review so that we can enter the room with questions. We will thus begin sessions with dialogue, rather than just presenters talking to participants with little time at the end for a truly reliable conversation. In addition, part of the format will also include a discussion of how to make certain aspects of the “dialogues” effective. These practical ideas will be collected throughout the conference, and then some of them will be given seed money so that student leaders can try to implement them.
Contact
Please spread this widely and encourage interested students to contact us at [email protected].
Registration will open after February 2020 . Until then, if you have any questions, please contact [email secured].
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Donald Trump Speech in Gettysburg, PA (October 22, 2016) | Policy | InoSMI
Donald Trump’s speech 22.10.2016
Thank you, thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen, please sit down. Thanks.
It’s a big part for me to perform here in Gettysburg, on this sacred land, where so many people gave their lives in the name of freedom! This is an amazing place! President Lincoln was faced with a division of the country unprecedented before his time. Hopefully we can take an example from him and overcome the schism we are facing now. We are now very much split. I am not a politician and I never wanted to be one, believe me.But I saw that the country was in trouble, and I realized that I could not stand aside and look at it. Our country has done me a lot of good, I love it, and I realized that I must act.:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/glatfelter-hall-gettysburg-college-58b5ce545f9b586046cfe4a9.jpg)
I have been intimately familiar with the system for many years. I have been an important part of it for a long time. I know how the game is played in Washington and Wall Street. And I know how they cheat with its rules to the detriment of ordinary Americans. These are cheating rules.
Nearly one in four Americans of their most working age are unemployed.No one works in every fifth household. 45 million Americans receive food stamps and 47 million live in poverty. Wealthy citizens are suffering, African American and Latin American communities are suffering – we have deceived their hopes.
We are getting involved in military adventures abroad. Our wars go on forever – because the people who wage them cannot win them. They don’t know how to win wars. Meanwhile, in our country, our heroic veterans are dying without waiting for medical assistance.Change cannot come from within a broken system — and our system is broken. The fact that Washington and the Washington establishment are working so hard to stop our campaign only proves that our campaign is a sign of a once-in-a-lifetime change.
This system is completely inoperative and is fraudulent. Let’s start with the issue of electoral fraud. According to Pew, there are currently 24 million voter registrations in the United States that are invalid or grossly flawed.These violations are incredible. There are 1.8 million dead people registered as voters – and some of them are voting! I don’t know how this is possible. 2.8 million people are registered in more than one state. Such are the numbers, yes. 14% of Americans without American citizenship are registered as voters.
This is a fraudulent system also because Hillary Clinton should never have run for President of the United States. However, the FBI and the Department of Justice are covering up her crimes – and by the way, she has lied to the FBI and Congress many times.Plus, she’s 39 times – on different occasions! – answered the FBI “I don’t remember.” She remembers everything else perfectly, but here 39 times she did not remember. Actually, this is also a lie./weidensall-hall-gettysburg-college-56a1883a3df78cf7726bcbc3.jpg)
(In the hall screaming: “To jail her!”)
Then she erased 43 thousand letters, having already received a summons from Congress. That is, she erased it after receiving the summons. Note that this week it became known that the honored General James Cartwright (James Cartwright) faces up to five years in prison and a heavy fine for the fact that he once lied to the FBI.Moreover, he claims that he did it for reasons of national security. Complete general! It was two days ago. Can you imagine how he feels? The fact that Hillary, who has violated many different laws so many times, is running for office is also a fraud. Why was she allowed?
Dishonest mainstream media are also part of the corruption mechanism, and an important one. They lie and fabricate news to present candidates they don’t like as dangerous villains. They never attend my meetings, they never talk about their crowdedness, but they try to downplay their importance.At the same time, they do not show how few people come to Hillary’s rallies, but they say that there are many people there – although almost no one goes there.
You know it, they know it, everyone knows it. Recently, three reputable nationwide polls showed that we are number one. One of these polls has been the most accurate in the last two electoral cycles. However, the press is silent about this. They don’t want to talk – that’s all. They are desperate to drown out my voice and the voice of the American people.
Here’s an example of the power structure I’m struggling with.AT&T buys Time Warner – that is, CNN! When I am president, we will not approve of this deal, because it will lead to an excessive concentration of power in one hands. Similarly, Amazon, which owns the Washington Post, would have to pay high taxes, but does not pay them. This is a very dishonest game and you know what Amazon does with stores across the country. It is very dishonest, and we are talking about billions and billions of dollars. They have to pay these taxes. By the way, by acquiring NBC, Comcast is also concentrating excess power in its hands.It turns out to be one big structure that tells voters what to think and what to do.
Such deals are destroying democracy, and we are going to cancel them.
The New York Times
Atlantico
The Washington Post
La Stampa
9016 that the administration, in principle, should not have allowed them. They are trying to poison the thinking of the American voter.All these women who tried to damage my campaign were lying. An absolute lie. There was nothing like it – never! When the elections are over, all the liars will be brought to justice. But it is bad that one call to the leading newspapers and to television provides the liars with the green light – and no one checks the facts. Why is this important to you? If they can do this to me – a person with almost unlimited possibilities to respond – think about what they can do to you, to your job, to your safety, to your education, to your healthcare.Violating your religious freedom, stealing your Second Amendment, losing your factories, your homes, and so on … Look what they’ve done to your jobs! Recently it became known that the riots at some of my rallies – in the same Chicago, when police officers and protesters were severely injured, blood was flowing on their faces – were organized by paid agents of the National Democratic Committee and the Clinton headquarters. Then we did not know about it, but now we found out, and we have video recordings. What happened then struck us – and they were hired agents.They were paid by the NDK and probably by the Clinton headquarters. It was a crime. Police officers and many other people were seriously injured. The perpetrators must be held accountable. However, due to the fraudulent system, most likely, they will not get anything for it. Likewise, these women, with their lies, were probably also sent by the NDK and the Clinton headquarters. We’ll find out later in court. I really look forward to it!
The whole point of this scam is to keep the corrupt establishment and related businesses in power – in the name of their interests and to the detriment of you, to the detriment of all Americans.As far as my interests are concerned, they are all connected with you, with the American voters. Believe me, I didn’t want to get into all this. This is a difficult matter, but I could not do otherwise. I love our country, I love its people, and I had to do this.
We all understand that our problems will not be solved if we rely on the same politicians who created them. Hillary Clinton is not against me – she is against change, against the entire American people, against all American voters.We are now at a crossroads. We must choose whether we will repeat the mistakes of the past or believe that a great future awaits us and our beautiful, beloved country. I believe in the future and I know that it will be great. My economic plan will create 25 million jobs in ten years. Now our jobs are leaving the country. They go to Mexico, to other countries. This is a one-way traffic. They get jobs, factories, money, and we are left with drugs and unemployment. It’s time to change that – and trust me, it will change.
So with all countries. Look at China, at any country – our trade agreements with them are simply monstrous. It’s a shame that our authorities allowed it. These are bad deals, which the authorities were well aware of. They started all this for a reason, but trust me, we will quickly cancel it. We will have trade, excellent trade – free but fair – and real.
My safety plan will keep our poor safe. My ethical plan will end corruption – gigantic corruption – in government.We will end this … We will drain the Washington bog and replace it with a new rule of the people, exercised by the people in the name of the people. Believe me!
This is why I chose Gettysburg to announce my plan. I ask the American people to rise above the political hype and return to the faith and optimism on which the American character has always relied – and there is nothing better and stronger than the American character in this world. I ask Americans to learn to dream again. I offer you my 100-day plan to reclaim American greatness.This is a contract between Donald Trump and the American voter, and it suggests that change will begin with the restoration of honesty and accountability in Washington.
Therefore, from the first day after my inauguration, my administration will begin work on six measures to combat corruption and the merger of power with business.
First, a constitutional amendment is needed to limit the number of terms for which members of Congress can be elected.
Secondly, we will stop the recruitment of federal employees (except for the military, and public safety and health workers) and, thus, as the natural decline, the number of officials will decline.
Third, a rule will be adopted that for each new federal regulation two existing ones will be canceled. Regulations are killing our country and our jobs.
Fourth, former White House and Congress employees will be prohibited from lobbying for five years after leaving service.
Fifth, a lifetime ban will be imposed on White House employees from lobbying the interests of foreign governments.
Sixth, foreign lobbyists will be completely prohibited from raising funds for American election campaigns.It happens now.
On the same day, I will also take seven measures to protect American workers who are now so badly treated by indifferent politicians. We will change the situation very quickly.
First, I will declare my intention to completely revise the terms of the North American Free Trade Area, one of the worst trade agreements in our country’s history – by the way, signed by Bill Clinton – or withdraw from it under Article 2205.
– second, I will announce the forthcoming withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which threatens our country with a real disaster.
Third, I will instruct my finance minister to declare China a currency manipulator – because it is. They have caused us great damage with their currency games – and this is very regrettable. Note, I do not blame them – they are just smart. Our politicians are to blame for not stopping them, although it was very easy to do.
Fourth, I will instruct the US Secretary of Commerce and Trade Representative to identify all unfair foreign trade practices that harm American workers and immediately use all available US and international legal instruments against these abuses.
Fifth, and this is very important, I will lift restrictions on the development of American energy reserves, including shale, oil, gas and coal. That’s $ 50 trillion and lots of jobs. Our miners must get back to work.
Sixth, I will remove the obstacles set by Obama and Clinton and allow vital energy infrastructure projects to move forward. We have an incredible number of obstacles for them – environmental, structural … The Keystone pipeline will be completed and much more.This is a lot of jobs and a lot of benefits for the country.
Seventh, we will stop giving billions of dollars to UN programs to combat global warming and use this money for the needs of the American water infrastructure and the American ecology. We’re giving away billions while it’s time for us to tackle our own ecology.
In addition, from day one, I will tackle the following five measures to restore security and constitutional rule of law:
First, all unconstitutional acts, orders and decrees of President Obama will be canceled.
Secondly, we will begin the process of selecting a replacement for the late Judge Scalia. By the way, his wife – a wonderful woman – hung my poster in her yard. Nice, isn’t it? I just found out today. He was a great man. We will choose from my list. It has 20 judges. I think that out of 20 outstanding judges, a worthy candidate will be selected who will be able to defend and defend the United States Constitution.
Third, all federal funding for immigrant cities of refuge will be withdrawn.
Fourth, we will begin the expulsion from the country of illegal immigrant criminals. There are now more than two million of them. These are drug dealers, bandits, murderers. Citizens of those countries that do not take their criminals back, we will not issue visas. When Hillary Clinton was Secretary of State, if we tried to send another villain, and his country did not accept him, Hillary said that we need to take him back, and that we will not force another country to accept him. If I become president, this will not happen again, believe me.
Fifth, we will freeze immigration from terrorist-prone regions that cannot be properly screened. Let’s say this is Syria. Thousands and thousands of people come to us from there. We do not know who they are, where they are from, what is on their minds. Hillary Clinton wants to increase their number by another 550%. Meanwhile, radical Islamic terrorism is just around the corner. We need to be strong, smart and alert. We cannot let him in to us. We have enough of our own problems. We will check everyone who comes to our country very carefully.You need to be careful.
Then I will work with Congress to introduce the following bills and fight to get them passed in the first 100 days of my presidency:
The Tax Credits and Simplified Taxation Act for the Middle Class. My economic plan is to ensure economic growth of 4% per year and create at least 25 million new jobs. We will do this through massive tax cuts and simplifications, combined with trade reform, relaxation of regulations and the lifting of restrictions on US energy.We need jobs! They – especially good ones – are leaving us now. It is especially important to cut taxes for the middle class. Everyone forgot about him. These are forgotten people. A middle-class family with two children will receive a tax cut of about 35%. They will be able to use the free money – and this money will also go to our economy. We will simplify the classification of taxpayers and reduce the number of groups from seven to three. We will simplify the declaration forms too. The business tax will be reduced from 35% to 15%.Trillions of dollars withdrawn abroad by American corporations can now be refunded upon payment of 10% tax. This does not work. As a result, companies cannot return $ 2.5 to $ 5 trillion to the country. Many of the companies leave the United States not because of high taxes, but because they cannot return their money to the country. They just go off to get money. We will simplify the process, let them return this money to America and let them use it here and spend it on building our country.
Anti-Transfer Act. He will set tariffs that will incentivize companies not to relocate production to other countries by laying off workers. In doing so, they import their products duty-free back to the United States. They are leaving America – like Carrier, like Ford, like many others. They lay off their workers, come to Mexico or somewhere else, build a beautiful new factory there, and hire locals. Then they take their air conditioners, cars and so on and carry them duty-free across our border – and what are we left with? With unemployment.Some losses and no profits. Therefore, we will introduce such duties so that this behavior does not go unpunished. We will cooperate with them, we will behave politely – but we will not leave this without consequences. When our business understands this, it will stop leaving the United States for the sake of other countries.
American Infrastructure Act. It aims to stimulate public-private partnerships and private investment in infrastructure through tax incentives. He aims to raise $ 1 trillion in ten years.We now have big infrastructure problems. Under President Obama, the national debt has doubled to $ 20 trillion. In less than eight years, it has grown by $ 10 trillion – can you imagine? Moreover, this did not help the infrastructure. What have we achieved? We have problems with roads, bridges, tunnels, hospitals, schools – plus $ 20 trillion in debt. This is a record! The veterans’ affairs department’s hospitals are in poor condition – and so is the ministry itself. We will need to do something about this, because our veterans are very poorly treated.In many cases, illegal immigrants are treated better than veterans. You can not do it this way!
School Choice and Educational Opportunities Act. It will reallocate funding for education and give parents the right to send their children to school of their choice – public, private, independent, specialized – or to teach them at home. It is also important that we will abolish general educational standards and transfer control over education to the local level. Our education is bad now.Look at the ratings – Sweden, Norway, Denmark, whoever is above, and we are below. And we spend more for each student than anyone else – and still at the bottom of the list, while other countries spend much less – and at the top. That is, it is obvious that our system is not working. We will change and fix it. We will expand the vocational and technical education that is completely forgotten in this country, and will make two-year and four-year colleges more accessible. Everyone who went to school probably remembers the guys who did not study well, but could fix the engine or build a wall? Many of them were able to do absolutely unimaginable things! By the way, we will need those who know how to build walls, yes, we will.(Laughter.) Remember those? An ingenious auto mechanic, golden hands, but with history – so-so, with physics – so-so. These are wonderful people and for them we need to bring back vocational education.
Obamacare Cancellation and Replacement Act . He is abolishing Obamacare entirely, replacing it with medical savings accounts. Actually, medical savings accounts are just one option, but a very good one. It will be good if health insurance can be bought outside of your state.This is competition! Politicians will get in the way because insurance companies don’t like competition, but we can handle it, trust me. This is not the first year I have been talking about this. It is also helpful for states to be able to manage Medicaid funds. In addition, it is time to de-bureaucratize the Food and Drug Administration. They are waiting for the approval of 4,000 medicines, including vital ones. While they are looking at drugs that look promising, people die. Patients die, they need medicines, and we have been studying these medicines for years.It is clear that they have a job, they follow the procedure – but in the end 4,000 different medicines are waiting for approval and do not get it. It’s time to speed up this process very much.
Affordable Child and Elderly Care Act will allow Americans to deduct childcare costs from taxes and encourage employers to provide childcare in the workplace. Some companies are already doing this, which is a great idea. In addition, tax-free savings accounts will be created to provide care for children and the elderly with parity contributions for low-income families.
Anti-Illegal Immigration Act will fund the construction of the wall on our southern border. Don’t worry, I said before that Mexico is going to pay for the wall. She will pay the United States the full cost of the wall, okay? The wall will be, and Mexico will pay for it. By the way, two and a half months ago I met with the Mexican president. A wonderful meeting, a wonderful person, but I told him that something was expected of him too. We have our own country, we have our people, we have to protect them, so let him contribute – or the conversation will be different.In addition, the law will introduce a mandatory two-year minimum federal prison sentence. This is for illegal immigrants, for those who return illegally after deportation. And a five-year minimum sentence for those illegally returned who were convicted of serious crimes or convicted twice for minor offenses or deported twice or more. That is, he comes, we send him out, he comes again – he goes to prison, after that he comes again – gets five years. Because now they come back ten times.There are plenty of such cases. Remember what happened in San Francisco? There the killer returned five times – and for the fifth time he shot the girl. Five times! And there are many of them. One came back ten times, on the tenth he also killed someone. Otherwise, after deportation, they will stay at home so as not to go to jail. If we accept such a law, they will not come. It’s just that now they are not in danger, nothing at all. It’s also time to reform visa rules. We need to increase penalties for breaking deadlines and ensure that jobs are offered to Americans first.
Number Eight – Public Safety Restoration Act – Will reduce crime, drug trafficking and violence. A special structure to combat violent crime will be created, and funding for training and support programs for local police will be increased. Trust me, this is a great idea. We will empower federal law enforcement agencies and federal prosecutors to fight criminal gangs and send criminals to jail – and then home.
Next, National Security Restoration Act , which will help rebuild our military forces. To do this, we will cancel the cuts in defense spending and begin to invest more in defense. We need the armed forces now more than ever. We do not want to use them, but it is strength that ensures peace – and therefore we need a strong army. She is now terribly emaciated. We will also give our heroic veterans the opportunity to receive treatment at government clinics or see a private doctor if they are waiting in line.You know, we are actively supported by veterans – law enforcement officers, veterans, the military, very actively. Well, with these internet queues, there are 22 suicides a day. Believe it or not – but 22 suicides a day. They wait six, seven, nine days – and cannot get to the doctor. Often they could be helped by simple procedures or simple prescriptions, but in the end they feel very bad and they die. They die without ever getting to the doctor. We’re going to give them the opportunity to go to a private doctor’s house next door, or a public hospital, or a private one.There are many doctors around who could help them and will be happy with the additional income. We’ll pay the bill. It will be cheaper this way, and more importantly, we will finally take good care of the veterans. Because what is being done to them now is completely unacceptable. It is also necessary to protect our key infrastructure from a new threat – from the so-called cyberattacks. The law will also establish new procedures for immigration verification. It is necessary to check whether those whom we let into the country share the values of our people.We need people who love our country or can love it and its citizens. We need people who love us. It can be checked, and other countries are checking – but not us. We just accept everyone – just come.
Washington Cleanse Corruption Act . It involves a tough ethical reform against the corrupting influence of lobbyists and sponsors on our policies.
On November 8, Americans will vote in favor of this 100-day plan to restore U.S. economic prosperity, security, and good governance.
I promise you these reforms.
If we carry them out, we will again have popular rule exercised by the people in the name of the people – and America will be great again! Believe me!
Thank you. Thank you very much.
InoSMI materials contain estimates exclusively of foreign mass media and do not reflect the position of the InoSMI editorial board.
Michael Shaara
Michael Joseph Shaara is an American writer, author of historical novels and science fiction works.
Michael Shaara was born in 1928 in Jersey City (New Jersey) into a family of Italian immigrants. In Italian, his surname is pronounced Schiarra, but his parents changed it in an American manner. In 1951, Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor’s degree, after which he entered graduate school at Columbia University (1952-53) and the University of Vermont (1953-54). During his studies, he realized that he wanted to become a writer and began to write crime stories and adventure fiction, selling his essays to Cosmopolitan, Galaxy, Fantastic Universe, Playboy, Redbook and other magazines.Along with writing, he was hired in numerous odd jobs: he served in the Airborne Forces, in the police, was a sailor in the merchant marine and an amateur boxer. In 1959, Shaara was promoted to teaching English at Florida State University, and in 1968 he became an assistant professor. At the same time, he began his first novel, The Broken Place, about a soldier who returned from the Korean War. The busy schedule, when classes with students were held during the day, and until late at night, work on a book, combined with high doses of coffee and cigarettes, led to a serious, almost fatal heart attack.The writer even experienced clinical death while ambulance doctors tried to revive him. The debut novel received excellent reviews from critics, in reviews the author was often compared to Ernest Hemingway – but failed to sell.
The next novel, The Rebel in Autumn, was completed in 1969 and focuses on the student protests of the late 1960s in Florida. The writer’s agent began offering the book to publishers just months before the Ohio National Guard fired at the University of Kent, killing four people.The events coincided with the plot of the novel, so no one dared to print the text, although it is a skillfully written novel – perhaps equal to his next novel, The Killer Angels.
In 1972, Shaara was teaching in Italy on an exchange program and had a motorcycle accident. For several weeks he did not regain consciousness. He suffered from the consequences of severe traumatic brain injury until the end of his life, got tired quickly and could not read much, experienced difficulties with speech and thinking, suffered from bouts of depression.
For his second published novel, The Killer Angels, a brilliant depiction of the Battle of Gettysburg, Shaara won the Pulitzer Prize. He was inspired to write this book in 1966 from a simple family vacation in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. But the book was not easy. It took Shaare years to study the historical documents. The writer even recruited his then-teenage son Jeff to climb the bushes in Gettysburg to find long-standing signs. The Killer Angels was rejected by fifteen publishers before David McKay’s small, now defunct company acquired the manuscript.The novel became another critical success and commercial failure, since after Vietnam, readers were not interested in books about the war. It was only five years after the writer’s death that the novel made it to the bestseller list, climbing to number one on the New York Times list.
It will be seven years before Shaara publishes her only science fiction novel. The Herald is a very dark post-apocalyptic story. Although the book received positive reviews, it was clear that commercial success was not to be expected.
In 1988, the writer died of a second heart attack at the age of 59.
Shaara’s first financially successful novel, For Love of the Game, was published posthumously and soon adapted into a film. But before the movie Gettysburg came out, it became a hit and turned The Killer Angels first into a bestseller, selling over a million copies, and then into a classic. It is now part of the school curriculum and is considered one of the greatest novels about the American Civil War.
The writer’s son, Jeff Shaar, went on to write bestselling books about the war and turned the novel into a trilogy. Michael Shaara’s daughter, Leela, also became a writer and published two novels.
The award for the best work on the American Civil War is named after the writer. The awards ceremony is held annually at Gettysburg College.
90,000 Human Bioenergy: Scientific Evidence
The universe is full of mysteries that challenge our current knowledge.New scientific discoveries stimulate the imagination and open up possibilities never seen before. For example, research on human bioenergy plays an important role.
Biochemist John Norman Hansen, Ph.D. from the University of Maryland, found evidence in 2015 that he believes bioenergy exists around humans. This has been mentioned in spiritual texts for thousands of years.
Dr. Hansen has conducted hundreds of experiments with dozens of subjects, and the results are repeated.His findings were replicated by other scientists, including Willem H. van den Berg of the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the Johnson Research Center at the University of Pennsylvania and physicist William van der Sleis of Gettysburg College, who published his research in the Journal of Scientific Exploration.
Previous research on human bioenergy fields used photonic sensors. Dr. Hansen suggested a different approach. He wondered if the bioenergy field, if it exists, would be strong enough to push a torsion pendulum.He hung it over the subject’s head and saw a clear change in his impulse.
After conducting control experiments to exclude the effects of air currents and other factors, it was concluded that these effects were caused by some kind of force field created by the subject sitting under the pendulum, ”he explained in his 2013 study entitled“ Using Torsion Pendulum Weights to discover and characterize what might be a human bioenergy field, “also published in the Journal of Scientific Exploration.“We do not know of any force in the electromagnetic spectrum that could explain these results. Perhaps a traditional explanation for these amazing things will be found, but maybe we have observed a phenomenon that will require the development of new theoretical concepts. ”
One of the outstanding observations was that the human presence lasted from 30 to 60 minutes after they had already left. Under the influence of other forces, such as air currents, the pendulum would immediately return to its classic, uncontrollable motion.
Each subject had roughly the same ability to influence the pendulum. “Impacting a pendulum requires no unique talent or practice,” Hansen wrote in a synopsis of a talk he gave at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Society for Scientific Research. “However, it has been observed that some subjects, especially those who have been practicing meditation for many years, have very different effects during the meditative state versus the non-meditative state…. which shows that the mental state of the subject can strongly influence the behavior of the pendulum. ”
Bioenergetics and the methods of healing and working with the human subconscious based on it are based on the concept that there is a deep connection between our body and mind, so strong that they are one and the same. And scientific evidence helps to understand how important this area of our life is.
90,000 Eight Modernist Visitor Centers from Mission 66 USA
Eight Modernist Visitor Centers from the US Mission 66 National Park
The US National Park Service celebrates its centenary this week.We have selected eight of the best visitor centers and amenities from Mission 66 50 years ago (+ slideshow).
Mission 66 was a 10-year building program that aimed to expand service to park visitors in the decade until 1966 – the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the National Park Service.
Architects and Studios, including Richard Neutr and Frank Lloyd Wright, Associate Architects for Taliesin, were selected to design structures throughout the country.Most were built in the mid-century Art Nouveau style popular at the time.
Another 50 years later, many structures are listed on the US National Register of Historic Places and continue to provide information and services for their sites.
However, some have been controversially destroyed, like Neutra’s cyclorama building at the Gettysburg site and the Henry Jackson M Visitor Center at Mount Rainier.
Regardless of their fate, there are eight of the most architecturally significant structures:
Cyclorama Building, Gettysburg National Military Park, Richard Neutra, 1962
Photo courtesy of Wikicommons acroterion
Richard Neutra – responsible for some of California’s most famous Modernist buildings – was selected to design a visitor center on the site of a significant Civil War battle in 1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.The drum structure was created to house the Battle of the Gettysburg Cyclorama in 1883 by Paulie Philipoto and formed an observation deck.
Although the building was considered “of purely historical and architectural importance,” requests for funding for restoration work were denied in the 1990s. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and despite protests, it was demolished in 2013.
Henry M. Jackson Visitor Center, Mount Rainier National Park, Wimberley, Visenand, Allison and Tong, 1966
Photo courtesy of Mapio whoelius
Honolulu firm Whimberley, Whisenand, Allison & Tong was behind the first visitor center on the slopes of Mount Rainier in Washington state.The modernist building’s circular shape, zig-zag pillars, and steep roof proved to be controversial architectural claims for the site when it was completed in 1966.
He ran into additional problems when his roof was unable to handle the snow load and hundreds of gallons of fuel were required every day to melt the snow and prevent a collapse. The center also did not comply with the updated accessibility codes, so a small alternative was built nearby in 2008 and was demolished a year later.
Beaver Meadows Visitor Center, Rocky Mountain National Park, by Taliesin Associated Architects, 1967
Photo courtesy of Wikicommons user David Benbennik
High in the Colorado Rockies, the Beaver Meadows Visitor Center was completed in 1967 by Talisin Associated Architects. This was one of the most important commissions for the firm since the death of its founder, architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
Solid vertical stone walls intersect with lighter horizontal volumes made of wood, with beams arranged in zigzag patterns.In 2001, the building was given the status of a monument.
Observation Tower Clingmans Dome, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Bibb and Olson, 1959
Photo courtesy of Wikicommons dsdugan
A concrete ramp emerges from under the trees and rises to form an observation post at Clingmans Dome in North Carolina’s Great Smoky Mountains. Built by architects Bebb and Olson in 1959, the 375-foot (114-meter) walkway rests on a series of cylindrical columns.
The 45-foot (14-meter) vantage point is crowned with a round shade at the end. It was one of nine observation towers built for Mission 66 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Painted Desert Community Center, Petrified Forest National Park, Richard Neutra and Robert Alexander, 1963
Photo by Stephen Meckler, via National Trust for Historical Preservation
Alongside the legendary Route 66 in the Arizona desert lies the surviving Neutra project.The architect worked with fellow modernist Robert Alexander to create the complex, which still provides visitor services, offices, maintenance, utilities and housing for the Petrified Forest National Park staff.
A total of 23 structures – some with Neutra’s signature spider-leg steel supports – are located around the sites on the site, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Far View Visitor Center, Mesa Verde National Park, Joseph and Louise Marlowe, 1965
Photo taken by A.E. Crane
This cylindrical center is located in Mesa Verde Park in Colorado and provides an access point to the Far View archaeological site. Denver architects Joseph and Louise Marlowe have bricked the driveway, while glazing on the other side opens onto a panoramic balcony.
In 2013, the building was abandoned for a newer facility at the entrance to the park. It now requires a tenant to take over and undertake refurbishment or it could be demolished.
Dinosaur Quarry for Visitors, Dinosaur National Monument, Anshen and Allen, 1958
Photo from US Route 40
This project by San Francisco firm Anshen and Allen is a drum-shaped concrete office building adjacent to a taller glass-fronted exhibition structure with an asymmetrical butterfly roof containing Jurassic bones and fossils.
The complex was built on unstable clay and suffered severe structural damage leading to its closure in 2006.The exhibition hall has undergone extensive renovation and refurbishment, while other parts have been torn down and replaced with new buildings nearby.
