How did the Atlantic cable revolutionize intercontinental communication in the 19th century. What were the technological challenges overcome in laying the transatlantic telegraph cable. Who were the key figures involved in the Atlantic cable project. What was the cultural and economic significance of the Atlantic cable.
The Atlantic Cable: A Technological Marvel of the 19th Century
The Atlantic cable, often referred to as the “Eighth Wonder of the World,” was a groundbreaking feat of engineering that transformed global communication in the 19th century. This monumental project involved laying a submarine telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean, connecting North America and Europe for the first time in history. The cable’s successful completion in 1866 marked a pivotal moment in technological advancement, drastically reducing communication times between continents from weeks to mere minutes.
The ambitious undertaking was fraught with challenges, both technical and financial. Multiple attempts were made before a permanent connection was established. The first transatlantic cable, laid in 1858, failed after just a few weeks of operation. Undeterred by this setback, engineers and investors persevered, ultimately achieving success with improved technology and materials.
Technical Challenges and Innovations
What were the main obstacles faced by the engineers working on the Atlantic cable project? The primary challenges included:
- Designing a cable strong enough to withstand the extreme pressures of the deep ocean
- Developing insulation that could protect the copper conductors from seawater
- Creating specialized ships and equipment for laying the cable across vast distances
- Overcoming signal degradation over long distances
Engineers had to innovate constantly to address these issues. They experimented with various materials for insulation, eventually settling on gutta-percha, a natural latex substance. The cable’s design evolved to include multiple layers of protection, including iron wire wrapping for added strength. Specialized steam-powered ships, such as the Great Eastern, were commissioned to carry and lay the massive lengths of cable required for the project.
Cyrus Field: The Visionary Behind the Atlantic Cable
At the heart of the Atlantic cable project was Cyrus Field, an American businessman and visionary who dedicated over a decade of his life to realizing this ambitious dream. Field’s perseverance in the face of numerous setbacks and financial risks was instrumental in the project’s ultimate success.
How did Cyrus Field become involved in the Atlantic cable project? Initially a successful paper merchant, Field was introduced to the concept of a transatlantic telegraph by Frederick Gisborne, a Canadian engineer. Captivated by the idea’s potential, Field assembled a group of investors and technical experts to form the Atlantic Telegraph Company in 1856.
Despite facing multiple failures and financial losses, Field remained committed to the project. His unwavering determination and ability to secure funding were crucial factors in overcoming the numerous obstacles encountered during the cable’s development and installation.
Key Contributions of Cyrus Field
- Securing financial backing from both American and British investors
- Coordinating efforts between engineers, scientists, and naval personnel
- Advocating for government support and subsidies
- Maintaining public interest and confidence in the project despite setbacks
The Cultural and Economic Impact of the Atlantic Cable
The successful completion of the Atlantic cable had far-reaching consequences that extended well beyond the realm of communication. Its impact was felt across various sectors of society, from commerce and diplomacy to journalism and cultural exchange.
How did the Atlantic cable change the way business was conducted internationally? The near-instantaneous communication provided by the cable revolutionized global trade. Financial markets in London and New York could now react to news and events in real-time, leading to the development of a truly integrated global economy. This rapid exchange of information also facilitated more efficient shipping and logistics operations.
In the realm of diplomacy, the cable enabled faster decision-making and more nuanced negotiations between governments. News organizations benefited greatly from the ability to transmit stories across the ocean in minutes rather than weeks, ushering in a new era of international journalism.
Societal Changes Brought by the Atlantic Cable
- Accelerated globalization and cultural exchange
- Improved international relations and diplomatic communications
- Enhanced scientific collaboration across continents
- Increased public awareness of global events
- Stimulated further technological innovations in communication
Symbolism and Representation in Atlantic Cable Imagery
The Atlantic cable captured the public imagination and was often represented in art and popular media of the time. One notable example is the lithograph titled “The Eighth Wonder of the World – The Atlantic Cable,” created by Kimmel & Forster in 1866.
What symbolic elements are present in this lithograph? The image incorporates several allegorical figures and symbols to represent the significance of the Atlantic cable:
- Neptune, the Roman god of the sea, wielding his trident in the foreground
- A lion representing Great Britain, holding one end of the cable
- An eagle symbolizing the United States, grasping the other end of the cable
- The ocean between the two nations, emphasizing the cable’s role in bridging the divide
- Cityscapes in the background, likely representing London and New York
- A portrait of Cyrus Field at the top center, acknowledging his crucial role in the project
This rich symbolism reflects the contemporary view of the Atlantic cable as a monumental achievement that united nations and tamed the forces of nature. The inclusion of mythological and national symbols alongside modern technology illustrates the blend of tradition and progress that characterized the Victorian era.
The Legacy of the Atlantic Cable in Modern Communications
The Atlantic cable laid the foundation for the global communication networks we rely on today. Its success paved the way for further advancements in submarine cable technology, eventually leading to the development of fiber optic cables that now form the backbone of the internet.
How does the legacy of the Atlantic cable continue to influence modern telecommunications? The principles and challenges addressed by the original cable project still resonate in contemporary efforts to expand and improve global connectivity:
- Ongoing development of more efficient and higher-capacity submarine cables
- Efforts to connect remote and underserved regions to the global internet
- Research into new materials and technologies to enhance signal transmission
- International cooperation and investment in communication infrastructure
The Atlantic cable project also serves as an inspiring example of human ingenuity and perseverance in the face of technological challenges. It demonstrates how visionary thinking and collaborative effort can overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles to achieve transformative progress.
Preservation and Historical Significance of Atlantic Cable Artifacts
The importance of the Atlantic cable in shaping modern communications has led to efforts to preserve artifacts and documents related to its development and operation. Museums and archives around the world house collections that tell the story of this remarkable achievement.
Where can one find preserved sections of the original Atlantic cable? Several institutions maintain cable samples and related artifacts:
- The Science Museum in London
- The Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
- The Atlantic Cable Museum in Heart’s Content, Newfoundland
- The New-York Historical Society
These preserved pieces of history offer tangible connections to the pioneering spirit of the 19th century and serve as reminders of the rapid pace of technological change. They provide valuable insights for researchers studying the evolution of communication technology and its impact on society.
Educational Value of Atlantic Cable History
The story of the Atlantic cable offers rich educational opportunities across various disciplines:
- Engineering and physics: Studying the technical challenges and solutions
- History: Examining the social and economic context of the Victorian era
- Business: Analyzing the financial and entrepreneurial aspects of the project
- Geography: Understanding the role of oceanic geography in global communications
- Art and media studies: Interpreting representations of technology in popular culture
The Atlantic Cable’s Role in Shaping International Law and Cooperation
The development and operation of the Atlantic cable necessitated new forms of international cooperation and legal frameworks. As the first major infrastructure project to span international waters, it raised novel questions about jurisdiction, maintenance responsibilities, and the protection of submarine assets.
How did the Atlantic cable influence the development of international maritime law? The need to safeguard the cable led to discussions about the legal status of the seabed and the rights of nations to lay and protect submarine cables. These debates ultimately contributed to the evolution of the Law of the Sea and set precedents for future international infrastructure projects.
The Atlantic cable project also fostered diplomatic cooperation between the United States and Great Britain, helping to improve relations between the two nations. This collaboration served as a model for future international scientific and technological endeavors.
Key Legal and Diplomatic Outcomes
- Establishment of international agreements for the protection of submarine cables
- Development of protocols for shared maintenance and repair responsibilities
- Creation of standardized communication practices and codes
- Increased diplomatic engagement on issues of scientific and technological cooperation
The legacy of these early international agreements continues to influence modern telecommunications law and the governance of global internet infrastructure.
The Atlantic Cable and the Transformation of Global Finance
The near-instantaneous communication enabled by the Atlantic cable had a profound impact on the world of finance and commerce. It revolutionized the way international trade was conducted and led to the emergence of a truly global financial market.
How did the Atlantic cable change the nature of financial transactions? Before the cable, information about prices, stock values, and market conditions took weeks to travel between continents. This delay created significant risks and inefficiencies in international trade. The cable’s ability to transmit this information almost instantly led to several important developments:
- More accurate and up-to-date pricing of goods and financial instruments
- Reduced arbitrage opportunities between markets
- Faster execution of trades and financial transactions
- Improved coordination between financial institutions across continents
- Development of new financial products and services
These changes laid the groundwork for the modern global financial system, characterized by high-speed electronic trading and instantaneous fund transfers. The increased efficiency and reduced risk in international transactions stimulated global trade and investment, contributing to economic growth and integration.
The Birth of Global Market Synchronization
The Atlantic cable marked the beginning of synchronized global markets. For the first time, traders in New York and London could react to the same information simultaneously, leading to more efficient price discovery and market liquidity. This synchronization had far-reaching effects on various aspects of the financial world:
- Currency exchange rates became more stable and predictable
- International lending and investment activities increased
- New financial centers emerged as hubs of global commerce
- Risk management techniques evolved to account for real-time information flow
- The role of financial intermediaries changed, with some becoming obsolete while others gained importance
The transformation brought about by the Atlantic cable in the realm of finance foreshadowed many of the changes that would later occur with the advent of electronic trading and the internet. It set in motion a trend towards ever-faster and more interconnected global markets that continues to this day.
The Eighth wonder of the world
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The Eighth wonder of the world – the Atlantic cable
- Title: The Eighth wonder of the world – the Atlantic cable
- Date Created/Published:
N.Y. : Kimmel & Forster, [1866] - Medium:
1 print : lithograph, color.
- Summary:
Allegorical scene showing Neptune with a trident in foreground, and lion representing Great Britain holding one end of the Atlantic cable and eagle representing the United States holding the other end of the cable, with ocean between them and cities behind them.
Includes portrait of the inventor, Cyrus Field, at top center. - Reproduction Number:
LC-DIG-ds-04508 (digital file from original item)
LC-USZC4-2388 (color film copy transparency)
LC-USZ62-13637 (b&w film copy neg.) - Rights Advisory:
No known restrictions on publication. - Call Number:
PGA – Kimmel & Forster–Eighth wonder … (B size) [P&P] - Repository:
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print - Notes:
- Published in: Eyes of the nation : a visual history of the United States / Vincent Virga and curators of the Library of Congress ; historical commentary by Alan Brinkley. New York : Knopf, 1997.
- Subjects:
- Format:
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https://www. loc.gov/pictures/item/93510355/
Includes portrait of the inventor, Cyrus Field, at top center.
loc.gov/pictures/item/93510355/View the MARC Record for this item.
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Land of The Eighth World Wonder
Ifugao is located at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain Ranges. Its capital is Lagawe.
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras and Banaue Rice Terraces are the main tourist attractions in the province. These terraces are believed to have been hand-carved into the mountains 2,000 years ago to plant rice.
In 1995, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2008 and 2015, the Hudhud chants of the Ifugao and the Punnuk (Tugging rituals and games) were inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
Quick facts
Governor: JERRY DALIPOG
Vice Governor: GLENN PRUDENCIANO
POPULATION:202, 802(As of 2015)
GEOGRAPHY: Ifugao is located at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain Ranges. It is bounded on the west by Benguet, on the south by Nueva Vizcaya, on the east by Isabela and on the north by Mt. Province. Ifugao has a land area total of 2,517.78 sq. km. Situated within the Cordillera Central mountain range, Ifugao is characterized by rugged terrain, river valleys, and massive forests.
CITY: 0
TOWNS/MUNICIPALITIES:11 (Aguinaldo, Lista, Asipulo, Banaue, Hingyon, Hungduan, Kiangan, Lagawe, Lamut, Mayoyao and Tinoc.)
BARANGAYS: 175
LANGUAGE: Ifugao is a Philippine language spoken mainly in Ifugao province in Luzon in the Philippines by about 130,000 people. There are four main dialects of Ifugao: Batad Ifugao, Amganad Ifugao, Mayoyao Ifugao and Tuwali Ifugao, which are considered as separate languages by some.
RELIGION: The Ifugao people have an indigenous religion unique to their traditional culture, and highly significant to the preservation of their life ways and valued traditions.
They believe in the existence of thousands of gods, which may enter specific sacred objects such as the bul-ul.
Eighth World – Misia | Songs, Reviews, Credits
For her eighth album (hence the title), R&B/J-pop songstress Misia took a stab at combining different sound elements into a fairly cohesive whole. While she had shown good success previously with dance tracks and basic pop affairs, she used Eighth World as a canvas on which to try out her ballad chops and R&B worthiness a bit more than previously. That said, the album opens with something of a dance track, with pounding beats underlying what could have been a straightforward R&B vocal track; it’s a fair opening track thanks to some sheer grandiosity built into the repeating building elements. After a brief attempt at a more downtempo, warbling R&B track, she quickly returns to dance with “Royal Chocolate Flush.” From there, however, there’s a span of slower pieces, giving Misia plenty of space to try her hand at more standard-form ballads.
Though the interest level may drop off a bit for this span, it’s a fair shot on Misia’s part — while she may not have the vocal range or control to do more than the necessary steps for her ballads, she does meet the standard bar. These aren’t necessarily anything amazing, but they’re a surprising change of pace for a singer that tends toward the more uptempo end of the pop spectrum. There’s even a brief attempt at a nice high-pitched Mariah Carey-style ad lib in “Hadashi no Kisetsu.” Making good use of instrumental interludes as a vehicle to transition from low-energy to high-energy, Misia quickly returns to dance tracks with the repetitive but aptly titled Dance Dance. She skirts territory dangerously close to disco along the way, but ends on a fairly contemporary urban note, with slight hints of Brazilian urban music worked into the slicker arrangements. Her vocals never really get off the ground as a solo instrument, but they serve the arrangements as a whole quite well. She’s branching out admirably, and though the results are often only on par with other pop singers, it’s a big step for a dance queen.
Save the date: selection of ESA’s eighth Earth Explorer
Applications
13/03/2015
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The date has been set for the Earth observation science community to meet and discuss the merits and express their views of the FLEX and CarbonSat mission concepts before one is finally selected to be built as ESA’s next Earth Explorer satellite.
Both mission concepts have been going through rigorous feasibility studies since the end of 2010, now culminating in a User Consultation Meeting on 15–16 September in Krakow, Poland.
Harnessing Europe’s technological excellence, ESA’s family of Earth Explorer missions is designed to exploit new ways of observing Earth from space to improve our understanding of how our planet works as a system, as well as a better appreciation of the impact human activity is having on the natural world.
Earth Explorers are defined, developed and operated in close cooperation with the scientific community so that pressing Earth-science questions are addressed as effectively as possible.
The September meeting is, therefore, integral to the user-driven approach for developing these state-of-the-art satellite missions.
In this round, Fluorescence Explorer (FLEX) and CarbonSat aim to provide key information on different aspects of the carbon cycle.
The CarbonSat mission aims to quantify and monitor the distribution of two of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere: carbon dioxide and methane. Data from the mission would lead to a better understanding of the sources and sinks of these two gases and how they are linked to climate change.
The FLEX mission aims to provide global maps of vegetation fluorescence, which can be converted into an indicator of photosynthetic activity. These data would improve our understanding of how much carbon is stored in plants and their role in the carbon and water cycles.
In preparation for the selection, reports presenting the scientific and technical ambition of each mission are being prepared.
Following consultation with the scientific community in September, the Earth Science Advisory Committee will provide their recommendations before ESA ultimately makes the decision as to which is to become the eighth Earth Explorer.
Details on how to register for the Earth Explorer User Consultation Meeting will be announced on the ESA Earth observation website in due course.
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World Happiness Report 2020 | The World Happiness Report
Foreword
This is the eighth World Happiness Report. We use this Foreword, the first we have had, to offer our thanks to all those who have made the Report possible over the past eight years, and to announce our expanding team of editors and partners as we prepare for our 9th and 10th reports in 2021 and 2022.
The first seven reports were produced by the founding trio of co-editors assembled in Thimphu in July 2011 pursuant to the Bhutanese Resolution passed by the General Assembly in June 2011, that invited national governments to “give more importance to happiness and well-being in determining how to achieve and measure social and economic development.” The Thimphu meeting, chaired by Prime Minister Jigme Y. Thinley and Jeffrey D. Sachs, was called to plan for a United Nations High-Level Meeting on ‘Well-Being and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm’ held at the UN on April 2, 2012. The first World Happiness Report was prepared in support of that meeting, bringing together the available global data on national happiness and reviewing evidence from the emerging science of happiness.
The preparation of the first World Happiness Report was based in the Earth Institute at Columbia University, with the research support of the Centre for Economic Performance at the LSE and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, through their grants supporting research at the Vancouver School of Economics at UBC.
The central base for the reports has since 2013 been the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and The Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University directed by Jeffrey D. Sachs. Although the editors and authors are volunteers, there are administrative and research support costs, covered most recently through a series of research grants from the Ernesto Illy Foundation and illycaffè.
Although the World Happiness Reports have been based on a wide variety of data, the most important source has always been the Gallup World Poll, which is unique in the range and comparability of its global series of annual surveys. The life evaluations from the Gallup World Poll provide the basis for the annual happiness rankings that have always spurred widespread interest. Readers may be drawn in by wanting to know how their nation is faring, but soon become curious about the secrets of life in the happiest countries. The Gallup team has always been extraordinarily helpful and efficient in getting each year’s data available in time for our annual launches on International Day of Happiness, March 20th.
Right from the outset, we received very favourable terms from Gallup, and the very best of treatment. Gallup researchers have also contributed to the content of several World Happiness Reports. The value of this partnership was recognized by two Betterment of the Human Conditions Awards from the International Society for Quality of Life Studies. The first was in 2014 for the World Happiness Report, and the second, in 2017, went to the Gallup Organization for the Gallup World Poll.
From 2020, Gallup will be a full data partner, in recognition of the importance of the Gallup World Poll to the contents and reach of the World Happiness Report. We are proud to embody in this more formal way a history of co-operation stretching back beyond the first World Happiness Report to the start of the Gallup World Poll itself.
We have had a remarkable range of expert contributing authors over the years, and are deeply grateful for their willingness to share their knowledge with our readers.
Their expertise is what assures the quality of the reports, and their generosity is what makes it possible. Thank you.
Our editorial team has been broadening over the years. In 2017, we added Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang, and Shun Wang as Associate Editors, joined in 2019 by Lara Aknin. From 2020, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve has become a co-editor, and the Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre thereby becomes a fourth research pole for the Report.
Sharon Paculor has for several years been the central figure in the production of the reports, and we now wish to recognize her long-standing dedication and excellent work with the title of Production Editor. The management of media has for many years been managed with great skill by Kyu Lee of the Earth Institute, and we are very grateful for all he does to make the reports widely accessible. Ryan Swaney has been our web designer since 2013, and Stislow Design has done our graphic design work over the same period. Juliana Bartels, a new recruit this year, has provided an important addition to our editorial and proof-reading capacities.
All have worked on very tight timetables with great care and friendly courtesy.
Our group of partners has also been enlarged, and now includes the Ernesto Illy Foundation, illycaffè, Davines Group, Blue Chip Foundation, The William, Jeff and Jennifer Gross Family Foundation, and Unilever’s largest ice cream brand Wall’s.
Our data partner is Gallup, and institutional sponsors now include the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, the Centre for Economic Performance at the LSE, the Vancouver School of Economics at UBC, and the Wellbeing Research Centre at Oxford.
For all of these contributions, whether in terms of research, data, or grants, we are enormously grateful.
John Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Jan Emmanuel De Neve, Co-Editors; Lara Aknin, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang, Associate Editors; and Sharon Paculor, Production Editor
How Does Compound Interest Work?
“Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world.
He who understands it, earns it … he who doesn’t … pays it.”
― Albert Einstein
Einstein isn’t the only smart person that understands the power of compound interest. Regarded by many as the greatest investor of all time, certainly the best known, Warren Buffett has built one of the world’s greatest ever financial fortunes largely off the back of the eighth wonder of the world, compound interest. It’s no coincidence his authorised biography is titled “The Snowball”, referencing The Snowball Effect. He understands the magic of compounding returns and you would be wise to understand it also.
While Buffett started earlier than most in rolling his snowball down the hill (early teens) and continues growing the snowball today (turned 87 in 2017) and it is fair to say he is a better investor than most, it is the compounding of wealth he has achieved that separates him from the crowd. He has achieved a higher return than most and has compounded it for longer than most, with astonishing results.
Don’t make the mistake that just because you’re not Albert Einstein or Warren Buffett you can’t tap the same benefits Buffett has. Sure the level of wealth Buffett has accumulated would be hard to replicate, but you don’t need to have tens of billions of dollars to achieve a very comfortable lifestyle.
Simple, but not easy
The example that should be taken from Einstein’s quote and Buffett’s achievements is that beneficial actions today will provide much larger benefits over time, due to compounding. Einstein’s quote also highlights that if you don’t understand compounding interest it will work against you. An example is the compounding of interest on loans, which is a disadvantage to you.
It’s important to realise this “eighth wonder of the world” is based on little more than primary school maths that we can all understand and apply. It really is quite simple, but unfortunately not easy. More on this soon.
Let’s check the numbers
But first, let’s look at some numbers.
To illustrate the difference compound interest makes, let’s compare twins Jane and John who both entered the work force on their 22nd birthday, providing them both some discretionary income. Jane decided she would direct $500 per month of her net income to savings and maintained this practice until age 30, while John decided this money was better directed to lifestyle expenses.
Having focussed on today’s lifestyle for most of his working life John’s decided at 52 he should start saving for life beyond paid employment and started to put aside the equivalent of $500 per month when he and Jane were 22.
The bottom line is they both direct $500 per month to savings for 8 years, only Jane does it much earlier. Jane uses time and compounding to her advantage.
| Age at End of Year | Jane | John |
| 23 | $ 6,098.40 | $ – |
| 24 | $ 12,379. 75 | $ – |
| 25 | $ 18,849.54 | $ – |
| 26 | $ 25,513.43 | $ – |
| 27 | $ 32,377.23 | $ – |
| 28 | $ 39,446.95 | $ – |
| 29 | $ 46,728.75 | $ – |
| 30 | $ 54,229.02 | $ – |
| 31 | $ 55,855.89 | $ – |
| 32 | $ 57,531.56 | $ – |
| 33 | $ 59,257.51 | $ – |
| 34 | $ 61,035.24 | $ – |
| 35 | $ 62,866.29 | $ – |
| 36 | $ 64,752.28 | $ – |
| 37 | $ 66,694.85 | $ – |
| 38 | $ 68,695. 70 | $ – |
| 39 | $ 70,756.57 | $ – |
| 40 | $ 72,879.26 | $ – |
| 41 | $ 75,065.64 | $ – |
| 42 | $ 77,317.61 | $ – |
| 43 | $ 79,637.14 | $ – |
| 44 | $ 82,026.25 | $ – |
| 45 | $ 84,487.04 | $ – |
| 46 | $ 87,021.65 | $ – |
| 47 | $ 89,632.30 | $ – |
| 48 | $ 92,321.27 | $ – |
| 49 | $ 95,090.91 | $ – |
| 50 | $ 97,943.64 | $ – |
| 51 | $ 100,881.94 | $ – |
| 52 | $ 103,908. 40 | $ – |
| 53 | $ 107,025.66 | $ 6,098.40 |
| 54 | $ 110,236.43 | $ 12,379.75 |
| 55 | $ 113,543.52 | $ 18,849.54 |
| 56 | $ 116,949.82 | $ 25,513.43 |
| 57 | $ 120,458.32 | $ 32,377.23 |
| 58 | $ 124,072.07 | $ 39,446.95 |
| 59 | $ 127,794.23 | $ 46,728.75 |
| 60 | $ 131,628.06 | $ 54,229.02 |
The above calculations present amounts in “Age 22” dollars. By doing this the impact of inflation is removed and the true purchasing power of the capital accumulated by Jane and John is illustrated. It is assumed both achieve a return on capital of 3% per annum above inflation, which has not been demanding historically. It is the compounding of this return above inflation that results in a far better outcome for Jane.
The difference in outcome at 60 is huge, with Jane accumulating nearly two and half times as much, and it is all due to compound interest. For those interested, if Jane continued saving the same amount until 60 her total would be $421,761, nearly eight times the amount John accumulated.
Eighth wonder of the world indeed.
“Earn it” or “Pay it” ?
Earlier when I said tapping the benefits of compound interest is simple, but unfortunately not easy, I was referring to the need to forgo immediate gratification or consumption. This has always been hard, but probably no harder than in today’s materialistic, buy now pay later, world.
This leads us to the need for our behaviour to align with what we know is best for us. While as humans we understand the logic of compound interest, it is the behaviour part we struggle with. Behaviour is typically a function of emotion and this will determine whether we “earn it” or “pay it”, as Einstein put it. Sometimes we need help with prioritising the things that are important to us and acting accordingly.
Get your snowball rolling
This article started with a quote. Let’s finish with this one from George Soros, another legendary investor that understands the power of compounding interest.
“Once we realize that imperfect understanding is the human condition, there is no shame in being wrong, only failing to correct our mistakes.”
It’s time to get your snowball rolling.
Disclaimer
This advice is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each person are different and you should seek advice from a financial planner who can consider if any strategies or products mentioned are right for you.
Behold! The 80th Eighth Wonder of the World!
With aching ankles and leaden thighs, I pressed my hands on top of my knees to hoist myself up above the last slippery boulder. Finally, there it was: the pinkish, other-worldly towers of Chile’s Torres del Paine National Park, perched above an aquamarine lagoon. Sounds of avalanches filled the freezing air, and snow from the previous day’s blizzard reflected the pristine, azure sky. Still short of breath, I understood immediately why it had recently been named the eighth wonder of the world.
Days earlier, while waiting in line for the border agent at the Chilean crossing to stamp my passport, a newspaper printout taped to the wall caught my eye. “Torres del Paine Declared the Eighth World Wonder,” its headline screamed out below a black and white photograph of the mountain range. That was my incentive, the motor that propelled my shaky legs forward through more than 37 miles of dense forests, rocky streams and melting hanging glaciers.
I got another much-needed boost when staff at the refugios, heated lodges spread out over the Torres del Paine circuit, boasted of the recent recognition, proud to be part of the eighth wonder of the world. For the duration of the hike, other travelers and I were part of the club, too. We felt pride and a little privilege.
We were special.
A week later back in my hotel room, I did a little research and found that Torres del Paine is special, but maybe not as special as I’d been told. I found at least a dozen other places that have been called the world’s eighth wonder.
The TripAdvisor-owned travel site www.virtualtourist.com bestowed the honor of wonder of the world to Torres del Paine, based on a web campaign in which common folks cast their votes. Other candidates included Bora Bora, the Empire State Building and the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape.
Nevertheless, with pomp and ceremony, the Chilean Ministry of Economy hosted an event earlier this month inside the park, during which it announced the VirtualTourist award. Many of the country’s tourism and forestry officials attended the event.
“Torres del Paine is in fact the First Wonder of the World, but was simply the eighth to be chosen,” said Félix de Vicente, the Economy, Tourism and Development Minister.
While the original seven wonders – the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and the Temple of Artemis – are not in dispute, the new seven wonders are.
And online, where the discussion rages, no landmark or idea is too small to be a wonder, nor does the distinction between natural and man-made seem to matter.
According to a 2007 online contest CNN says generated “server-crushing traffic in its final hours,” the new Seven Wonders of the World included the Christ the Redeemer Statue in Brazil, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Italy, Petra in Jordan, Machu Picchu in Peru, Chichén Itza in Mexico and the Taj Mahal in India.
Self-proclaimed wonder authority Howard Hillman tweaked that list to include the Galapagos Islands and the Grand Canyon.
Other lists add the Great Barrier Reef, Mount Everest, Victoria Falls, Aurora Borealis, and Mexico’s Paricutin volcano.
A running vote to name “an eighth wonder of the world” in The Guardian lists the Internet, Harry Potter, the Sydney Opera House, and Stonehenge as candidates. Angkor, in Cambodia, is leading with 17 percent of the votes.
Houston’s Astrodome, the annual wildebeest migration from the Serengeti and the Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana in New Zealand have all been dubbed the eighth wonder of the world at one time or another.
The eighth wonder of the world has become an existential land grab, the subject of countless web contests resulting in arbitrary awards that are nonetheless bestowed with solemnity by an ever-expanding circle of interested parties.
Torres del Paine is beautiful, thrilling. It is possible, during a five-day hike there, to get caught in a blizzard, be knocked off one’s feet by 70 mph Patagonian winds, see rainbows, hear avalanches, come face-to-face with a glacier rising more than 50 feet above the water, and lose count of the waterfalls along the route.
But is it the eighth wonder of the world? I can’t be sure until all the voting is in.
90,000 what holidays and memorable dates are celebrated in Russia, in the world and in the Kuban
Day of family, love and fidelity in Russia.
On this day, the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the day of remembrance of Saints Peter and Fevronia, who since ancient times were considered the patrons of family and marriage in Russia.
The initiative to establish a new public holiday – the All-Russian Day of Marital Love and Family Happiness in honor of the faithful Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia was unanimously approved in the Federation Council at a meeting of the Federation Council Committee on Social Policy on March 26, 2008.
In their old age, Peter and Fevronia took tonsure in different monasteries with the names David and Euphrosinia, and prayed to God that they die on one day, and bequeathed to bury themselves together in a specially prepared coffin with a thin partition in the middle. They died each in their own cell on the same day and hour – July 8 (according to the old style – June 25), 1228. Considering burial in one coffin incompatible with the monastic rank, their bodies were laid in different monasteries, but the next day they were together.Approximately 300 years after their death, Peter and Fevronia were canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. Since then, the Orthodox world has honored family patrons on July 8.
The tradition of the secular celebration of the day of Peter and Fevronia was restored by the people of Murom in the 1990s: they decided to combine the day of the city with the day of family values.
The holiday itself took root not only in our country. In 2012, in addition to Russia, it was celebrated in almost 40 countries around the world, RIA Novosti writes.
Day of the Anti-Aircraft Missile Forces of the Armed Forces of Russia.
This is an unofficial holiday, which is directly related to the date of the appearance of anti-aircraft missile forces. The date of foundation of the domestic anti-aircraft missile forces is July 8, 1960. On this very day, by a special directive of the Chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, the post of commander of the anti-aircraft missile forces of the Air Defense was introduced to the staff of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces of the country. At the same time, the first domestic stationary anti-aircraft missile system S-25 “Berkut”, which was originally developed to provide air defense in Moscow, was officially adopted back in 1955.
It was the S-25 system, the deployment of which around the capital was completed before 1958, that became the first domestic model of anti-aircraft guided missile weapons brought to mass production and put into service. The system, codenamed “Berkut”, could hit various types of air targets at an altitude of 3 to 25 kilometers. After its adoption in service in 1955, the system was constantly modernized, which allowed it to serve until the early 1990s.
More than 60 years have passed since the appearance of the first domestic anti-aircraft missile systems, during which time they managed to go a long way in development.Today, it is the Russian Federation that is one of the leading manufacturers of air defense systems, which are in consistently high demand on the world arms market and, along with aviation equipment, are purchased today by many countries. The latest bestseller on the international arms market is the S-400 Triumph anti-aircraft missile system, which has already been owned by the armed forces of Turkey, China and India, and the number of potential customers for the system has long exceeded ten, writes topwar.
ru.
World Allergy Day.
Celebrated annually since 2005 by the decision of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) and the World Immunopathology Organization (WIPO). Its purpose is to inform the general public about the symptoms and measures to prevent this disease.
Allergy is a state of increased sensitivity of the body to the effects of certain environmental factors – allergens, which develops with repeated exposure to these substances.They can be: dust (street, home or book), animal hair, pollen, medicines, food (most often: eggs, milk, wheat, soy, seafood, nuts, fruits), household chemicals, insect bites, mold, latex, animals and their waste products, etc.
The concept of “allergy” appeared in medical terminology in 1906, and its authorship is attributed to the Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet (German Clemens Peter Freiherr von Pirquet, 1874-1929).But this problem itself has a more ancient history. Even in the days of Ancient Egypt, symptoms were described that are now considered clinical manifestations of allergies.
However, medicine began to study this ailment only in the 19th century – during the period of intensive development of industry, or rather the associated environmental pollution, and figured out the nature of this phenomenon only by the end of the 20th century. Allergy is currently one of the most common diseases in the world.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 40% of the world’s population suffer from allergies, and an increase in allergic diseases is noted among both adults and children. Moreover, in megacities, this disease affects from 30 to 60% of the population. And this figure is constantly increasing, writes calend.ru.
Day of the appearance of the Order of the Mother Heroine.
The establishment of such an award pursued two goals at once. First, the authorities wanted to celebrate mothers with many children, whose sons died at the front.Secondly, the new award was aimed at stimulating childbearing – the country, which suffered heavy losses, needed new citizens.
On July 8, 1944, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the order and the title “Mother Heroine” were established. At the same time, the title “Mother Heroine” was declared the highest title awarded to mothers with many children. According to the Regulation on the title “Mother-Heroine”, it was awarded to mothers who gave birth and raised ten or more children upon reaching the last child the age of one year and if the other children of this mother were alive.
It was also stipulated that children adopted by their mothers in accordance with the procedure established by law, as well as those who died or disappeared while defending the USSR or in the performance of other duties of military service, or when fulfilling the duty of a citizen of the USSR to save human life, to protect socialist property and socialist law and order, were taken into account. , as well as those who died as a result of injury, contusion, injury or illness received under these circumstances, or as a result of work injury or occupational disease.
Not everyone knows, but along with the order and the title of “Mother-Heroine” in the USSR, the junior awards for mothers were also approved – the Order of “Maternal Glory”, as well as the Medal of Maternity. The Maternity Medal had two degrees. The II degree award was given to mothers who gave birth and raised five children, the I degree award was given to those who gave birth and raised six children. Between the Medal of Motherhood and the Order of Mother Heroine, there was the Order of Maternal Glory of three degrees, which was awarded to women who gave birth to and raised 7, 8 and 9 children, respectively.Soviet awards for mothers with many children existed for about half a century. During this time, more than 13 million women were awarded the medals of Motherhood, and about 5.5 million women were awarded the Orders of Maternal Glory. And, finally, a little more than 430 thousand Soviet women were awarded the Order and the title “Mother Heroine”, most of whom lived in the regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, voices have sounded in Russia, proposing to revive the title “Mother Heroine”, which has sunk into oblivion along with the Soviet Union.They switched from words to deeds in May 2008, when the Order of Parental Glory was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev, the prototype of which was the Soviet Order of Maternal Glory. But, unlike the Soviet predecessor, both spouses were awarded the Order of Parental Glory, and only in the case of an incomplete family was only one parent awarded. In 2008, the statute of the new order prescribed to reward families that gave birth to and raised four or more children and provided “an appropriate level of care for the health, education, physical, spiritual and moral development of children, the full and harmonious development of their personality.”Two years later, in 2010, the statute was revised – now “Parental glory” can be awarded only to those families in which seven or more children are brought up, write “Arguments and Facts”.
Vasily Peskov – Complete Works. Volume 8. The world outside our window read online
Vasily Peskov
Complete Works. Volume eighth. The world is outside our window. 1970-1971
© Publishing House Komsomolskaya Pravda, 2014.
* * *
“One of the constant aspirations of man is the knowledge of life.The book of knowledge contains many pages, but only the beginning has been read in it. Therefore, for the concept of the essence of life, it is important to preserve all living diversity on earth.
To see a school of flying cranes in the spring; hear the singing of nightingales, quails, cuckoos; to scare off an elk in the forest by chance and to know that somewhere in the Ussuri taiga there is a living, not a teddy, tiger – this is the great joy of life! We must fight for this joy before it’s too late. ”
V. Peskov
This volume was folded simply and with particular interest.Scrolling through it, you will see – basically these are short stories from the rubric of Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov “Window to nature”.
I already wrote that this is the most famous heading in Komsomolskaya Pravda, and besides, it is the longest-lived one, although its author is no longer with us.
Vasily Mikhailovich himself invented it. He never really talked about it, but in one of his notes he casually mentioned: “Window to nature” was established in “Komsomolskaya Pravda” immediately. The rubric began with rare photographs and extensive captions to them.And once I began to reflect on man’s love for nature, on the happiness of this love, and received a response – several hundred letters at once. I realized how many people understand and share my feelings … “
At first he decided to keep it for a year, but the mail did not decrease. And he extended it for another year, another. And if you pay attention to the dates of publication of his notes, “Window …” became almost weekly, which was a rarity for a purely author’s column in those days.
It is interesting to see how Vasily Mikhailovich built his miniatures.In the newspaper, this is not so noticeable, but in the book you will probably notice that some photographs are repeated in notes of different topics. Vasily Mikhailovich was passionately fond of photography, but still, even a professional animal photographer would not have enough, probably, so many different pictures so as not to repeat for years.
It is clear that Peskov also faced this problem. But he figured out how to be. A master, he is a master. Even if the pictures are repeated, they are very accurately matched to the theme of the next “Windows …”.A photo of wolf cubs can be with a story about how a wolf’s den is arranged, and with a miniature about motherhood and tenderness in the animal world. The camel can roam in essays about Africa and in the story of how the orderly birds get along with it. This was very important for Vasily Mikhailovich: to show how diverse nature is in situations, moments and riddles.
And most importantly, a huge archive helped Peskov. As we collect something (for example, stamps or beer mugs), so he collected unusual and rare photographs from the animal world.A lot, as you understand, was sent to him by the readers of “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, he even came up with a kind of sub-heading to “Window …” especially for such cards – “We write what we observe.” But Vasily Mikhailovich cut out a lot from magazines, reshoot from books about nature, photo albums, no matter where in the world he saw an entertaining frame.
By the way, he himself spoke about this and even lamented that he did not always know who the author of the picture was. But if he knew, he certainly called him in his heading.
That is why you will see the line in the signature under the materials: “… a photo from V.Peskov “. This archive is alive, it has survived. Big, a little confusing. And the grandson of Vasily Mikhailovich Dmitry Peskov is helping us now, sorting through this archive. Thank him for that!
And what has not survived, we re-photographed from the “Komsomolskaya Pravda” of those years, so excuse the quality of some of the pictures.
And all this is in the interests of us, the readers. Try covering the photos in the “Window to Nature” with your palm and just read the note. Yes, you will find it entertaining and curious.
Now remove your palm and re-read “Window …” again.
Feel the difference?
Yes, all those animals and birds, fish and whales, beetles and dragonflies that Vasily Mikhailovich told you about – they become almost alive. And they come to you the way Vasily Peskov saw them and preserved them for you.
Meet this funny and interesting world.
Andrey Dyatlov, deputy editor-in-chief of Komsomolskaya Pravda.
Window to nature
One of these images was taken on a London street. The police were at a loss to guess: why did the yellow traffic light start to burn dimly? We looked under the visor and found there … a blackbird sitting on a nest.
No less curious story I wrote down two years ago in the Kharkov region. “The tractor has broken down in the furrow. Soon they could not get the necessary spare part, then it rained. I returned to the field, I saw – in a small niche near the hood, a wagtail made a nest and calmly sits on eggs.I carefully replace the part – the bird is sitting. He began to plow – he is sitting. Dust, roar, the smell of gasoline – sits. The chicks hatched. I moved to a neighboring field, and the wagtail flew after me, feeds the chicks … “
Something similar can be observed by everyone who passes through the southern station of Masis in spring and summer. An ordinary station: with the clank of iron, tangled wires, whistles of electric locomotives, human vanity, lights and other inconveniences. But for some reason, it was here that the storks decided to settle. And not just one pair. Dozens of nests were built by birds on supports and metal bindings of power lines.Every autumn, storks fly south, but they must return to their station, occupy old and build new nests, and hatch chicks over running trains. An amazing picture! .. But, to tell the truth, we are accustomed to the stork living close to houses, we know that this bird is ready to settle in the most unexpected place.
Tolerance to technology is observed with surprise in other animals. Here is a flock of wild rabbits sitting almost under the wheels of an air giant taking off. The animals are calm.I observed: moose behave just as calmly near Moscow airfields. The plane flies low over the forest, but the animals will not lead the ear. Moose are also calm near the motorway. But at the same time, a branch crunches under your foot – immediately alert!
I took some curious pictures in Africa: elephants next to a car, lions walking along the road … Or here’s another characteristic moment: young cheetahs are crossing the highway right next to the wheels. It is difficult to say how the meeting between cheetahs and a pedestrian would have ended.But the car… the animals are quite sure that the car should not be afraid. From birth, cheetahs see a car and consider it a completely appropriate and friendly life neighbor. I saw in Nairobi National Park how an old cheetah watched running antelopes, and when they disappeared into the grass, he jumped on a standing car and began to watch from above …
Read more
90,000 Emirates was named World’s Best Airline for the eighth consecutive year
May 28, 2021, AviaStat.ru – Emirates won the World’s Best Airline award at the Business Traveler Middle East Awards 2021 for the eighth consecutive year.The airline also won the Best First Class and Best Economy Class nominations, according to the airline’s press service.
These victories demonstrate the success of Emirates’ strategic approach to continually improving the quality of its offerings and services on board and on the ground, providing customers with the highest level of safety in every detail at every stage of the journey, while meeting rapidly changing passenger expectations during this challenging time for the aviation industry.
Maintaining its position as an industry leader, the airline has redoubled its focus on digital in the modernization of air travel by introducing a biometric corridor and contactless check-in. Initiatives like these provide customers with added confidence in travel planning and meet rapidly changing passenger expectations, ensuring a safe, non-contact travel experience.
From check-in to boarding, Emirates is now giving passengers the opportunity to see the future of air travel using one of Emirates’ 33 biometric corridors and nearly 50 self-check-in contactless kiosks at Dubai International Airport.
Emirates continues to work diligently to simplify travel and minimize restrictions, working closely with industry and government officials to standardize medical records related to COVID-19, including vaccination certificates and PCR test results. In April, Emirates began testing the IATA Travel Pass, which will be available on all airline flights by the end of May. Emirates has also partnered with the Dubai Health Authority to electronically verify travelers’ medical records for COVID-19 testing and vaccinations to ensure fast and paperless passenger check-in.
To provide passengers with confidence in travel planning, the airline has also expanded a range of initiatives to provide more flexible terms and additional guarantees to its customers for worry-free travel. For example, Emirates offers flexible booking conditions, providing for the use of an air ticket for a period of up to 36 months, thereby providing additional protection when planning travel, regardless of changing circumstances. Through Emirates Skywards, the award-winning frequent flyer program, the airline extended its membership to 2022 and continues to offer numerous earning miles, including online and retail shopping, co-branded credit cards and other collaborative initiatives. …
Emirates is the first in the industry to introduce free travel insurance against the risks of COVID-19, giving customers more confidence in their travel planning. The initiative was well received by both Emirates customers and the industry in general, with many other airlines following suit. Emirates did not stop there and was the first airline in the world to offer customers advanced multi-risk travel insurance that includes COVID-19-related costs.Insurance is available to all passengers regardless of service class or destination. Emirates’ generous cost coverage also covers personal accidents, winter sports injuries, loss of personal belongings and travel disruptions due to unexpected airspace closures, advice or government orders.
When customers are ready to resume air travel, they will have improved offerings and services in all service classes.Staying true to its commitment to providing passengers with an unrivaled quality of service, Emirates continues to invest in on-board offerings and services despite the challenges caused by the pandemic. Emirates First Class is one of the finest and most sophisticated in the industry. In addition to the fully enclosed personal cabins of the Boeing 777-300ER Gamechanger, which has garnered a lot of public attention, Emirates recently also updated the A380’s personal cabins, including widening and lengthening the doors, giving passengers even more privacy and comfort.For customers traveling on the Emirates A380 flagship jet, there is a spa shower, Onboard Lounge and many other pleasant surprises on board to make travel a pleasure.
Emirates provides a high level of comfort and numerous on-board offers for Economy Class passengers. In Economy Class of its latest A380 airliners, Emirates has installed ergonomic seats with leather armrests and adjustable legrests for optimal comfort – a step up from the seats on board the Boeing 777 Gamechanger.Each seat features a wood grain-inspired tray table and a 13.3-inch personal screen for enjoying the award-winning Emirates ice infotainment system with over 4,500 channels.
The Business Traveler Middle East Awards are awarded to the travel industry across all areas of the industry – airlines, airports, hotels and loyalty programs. The award ceremony took place in a virtual format.It was attended by hundreds of industry professionals from all over the region. The shortlisted companies were evaluated by a panel of judges, which included experts from the tourism industry and the magazine’s editorial team. In addition, the opinions of the readers were taken into account.
Detsky mir hotline, Detsky mir support service, toll-free hotline 8-800
Detsky mir is the oldest and largest retail chain in Russia that sells goods for children. The range of shops is huge.It includes everything a child needs from the first days of life: hygiene products, food, toys, clothes, shoes and much more. A hotline is constantly working for potential and existing clients of the trading network.
Contents
Hide
- Hotline phone Detsky Mir
- Free hotline
- What can you find out by phone?
- When Can’t Support Help?
- Other ways of communication
- Contact on the website
- Support in social networks
- Competence of Detsky Mir operators
Hotline telephone Detsky Mir
One of the hotline options is the company secretariat.You can call there by phone + 7- (495) -78-108-08 and describe your problem. If it is not within the competence of the operator, he will redirect the call to another specialist. This number is also optimal for solving any questions regarding cooperation.
Free hotline
For any other situations, including those related to orders, you can call toll-free, throughout Russia, at 8- (800) -25-000-00. The call center works around the clock, in constant readiness to solve emerging problems.
What can you find out over the phone?
Specialists are ready to give comprehensive information and advice on the following issues:
- Rent of premises.
- Work in a company.
- Cooperation.
- Charitable assistance.
- SMS mailing.
- Features and descriptions of goods.
- Electronic certificate and gift card.
- Wholesale and retail purchases.
- Existing bonus programs, promotions and discounts.
You can also clarify other questions if they are related to the work of the company.
When Can’t Support Help?
Detsky Mir operators will not be able to answer questions or solve problems not directly related to the company’s activities. Also, they will not be able to help if the client does not provide comprehensive information on his situation. For example, a call-center employee will not be able to find an order in the database and clarify its status without accurate data about this purchase.
Other communication methods
Detsky Mir does not have a single e-mail address to which you can write any messages. There are separate mailboxes for each direction of interaction. For example:
- You can find out about the work of the online store at the address: [email protected].
- Charity issues are resolved by e-mail: [email protected].
Other e-mail addresses can be found on the company’s website in the “Contacts” section.
Appeal on the website
On the main page of the official website of the trading network, you can go to the section “About the Company” → “Feedback”. A form for filling will open there. It contains a list of topics to which the question relates. Having entered all the necessary information, the client can expect a prompt response from specialists. Due to the presence in the contact form of fields with all the information necessary for specialists, it becomes much easier to process a client’s request. Therefore, the answer will be provided as soon as possible.
Social media support
In social networks, for example, Vkontakte, there are official groups of the company where you can write a message to the administrator (top of the page, the “Write a message” button). If he himself cannot answer the question that has arisen, he will clarify the information by contacting a specialist competent in the question of interest.
Competence of Detsky Mir operators
The company carefully monitors any actions of its employees, promptly reacting to possible violations and rewarding those who have distinguished themselves.Such a motivation system has a positive effect on the quality of service. Operators are always in touch, ready to solve all the answers that arise, they speak invariably politely and competently.
8 most unusual prisons in the world
The Pravo.Ru editorial board, having studied non-standard penitentiary institutions from all over the world from among the existing ones, chose eight most interesting ones. In the Philippines, in one of the prisons, all prisoners dance to the songs of Michael Jackson, in Spain there is a place where families sit, in Italy you can spend time in a castle restaurant, and in Bolivia in an autonomous village with a cocaine laboratory and a pool for reprisals against rapists.
1. Justizzentrum Leoben Prison, Austria
Opened in 2005 and considered an exemplary European detention center. The building, designed by Hohensinn Architektur, one of Austria’s leading architecture firms, can easily be mistaken for a five-star hotel or business center from the outside. Inside, the picture is not much different: the cameras are like rooms in a good student dormitory, and the sports halls are like a fitness club.
The general idea was that, since imprisonment leads to desocialization, it is necessary to create conditions inside the prison that are as close as possible to life outside its walls – hence the furniture and equipment of premium brands, halls decorated with modern sculptures.It is expected that such an environment will allow prisoners, once released, to join the community without undue difficulty. However, this prison is intended mainly for white-collar criminals, as well as for temporary pre-trial detention.
2. San Pedro Prison, Bolivia
This prison, which looks like a village, on the contrary, reminds of the 19th century. As in Dickens’s novels, the prisoners there pay for their own upkeep and buy their cells, so the richer the prisoner, the more comfortable he lives.According to local legend, one of the wealthy prisoners once built a second floor above his cell to admire the views – the prison is located in the center of Cusco city. Those who can afford to live in the richest of the eight sections into which the prison is divided are held in large, comfortable cells with private bathrooms, kitchens, and cable television; only it is not cheap by Bolivian standards – from $ 1000 to $ 1500 for the best place for the entire period. Inside the self-governing prison there is almost everything – shops, hairdressers, carpentry workshops, a temple, and even laboratories for the production of cocaine.There is a so-called “pool of rapists” in which the prisoners themselves drown those who have committed such a crime. There is only protection inside – the state does not intervene until a riot occurs.
Thomas is imprisoned for transporting 5 kg of cocaine
3. Fortezza Medicea Prison, Italy
A maximum security prison for criminals with terms of at least seven years is located in the former castle of the Medici family built in 1474.In 2006, the prison administration began an experiment to rehabilitate prisoners: a restaurant was opened in the prison, where all staff – cooks, waiters, administrators, cleaners – prisoners who are trained by employees of local catering establishments; the pianist in his spare time from the restaurant is serving a life sentence for murder. Tables need to be booked well in advance of your visit – the place quickly gained popularity thanks to its excellently prepared meals and excellent service. However, visiting this probably the most exclusive of all restaurants in the country comes with a certain inconvenience: customers are checked in advance and upon arrival, and all the cutlery is made of plastic.
4. Maricopa County Jail, USA
To be precise, this is not a separate prison, but an extension to the existing one, created by the famous Sheriff Joe Arpayo back in 1993. Also known as Camp City (“tent city”) – about a thousand prisoners there naturally live in tents. With temperatures as high as 60 ° C at times in Arizona, it’s no wonder the sheriff is constantly faced with protests and inmates complaining that their soles are melting.To this, the sheriff, known for his specifically conservative views on social structure, replies that the prison contains criminals, and it is intended to be punished. For example, illegal immigrants who have been imprisoned for drunk driving wear pink and are responsible for collecting garbage in the city where they move while being chained. Not a sanatorium, in general. In addition, the sheriff says, if American soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan endure the heat, then the prisoners are even more entitled.Human rights organizations have repeatedly tried to close the prison, but so far it is standing still.
Sheriff Joe Arpayo
5. ADX Florence Supermax Prison, USA
A super-strict prison opened in 1994 for America’s most dangerous prisoners like Zacharias Massaoui -Kaida and a participant in the September 11, 2001 conspiracy, Theodore Kaczynski, the sender of the exploding parcels known as the Unabomber, and Robert Hansen, a senior FBI official who worked for the USSR and Russia for 20 years.Thomas Silverstein, a member of the Aryan Brotherhood and one of the most dangerous prisoners in the entire US penitentiary system, was one of the reasons for the creation of ADX Florence – in 1983 he killed an employee of the maximum security prison Marion, so the authorities decided to create such a place of detention where he was the risk of an attack on employees would be completely eliminated. The prisoners cannot determine their location inside the prison, or even the cardinal points – only the sky and the roof are visible from the narrow windows. Inside the solitary cells (there are no others) there is an additional grille that separates the heavy door from the living area, so that the guards can enter without fear of a surprise attack.Almost everything is made of concrete, including beds, a table and a chair, the shower is turned off by a timer to prevent a flood. Outside their cells, prisoners spend no more than five hours a week, in a courtyard that resembles a concrete pool without water. The list of rewards includes: electric lighting, a metal mirror built into the wall, a radio, a black and white TV (no antenna), and the right to eat in the dining room.
6. Cebu Provincial Detention and Rehabilitation Center, Philippines
The inmates of this maximum security prison are dancing.This is how they became famous all over the world in 2007, when a video appeared on YouTube, where they reproduce the famous clip of Michael Jackson “Thriller”; it was followed by other hits from various artists, and the dance on “They Don’t Care About Us” was choreographed by the pop king’s personal choreographer – the video was then used on his posthumous DVD. The choreographic program for working with prisoners was invented in 2006 by Byron Garcia, a security expert. “Rehabilitation should be based on the good traits of people, not the worst,” he wrote.The idea of the program was formulated by 19-year-old Egan Torrecampo – “When we dance, we forget why we ended up here at all. Now I want to become a choreographer or even a movie star.” The prison administration assures that dancing is voluntary, that all participants are very proud of themselves, especially after the worldwide success.
The inscription on the ad: “But if you all decide to talk to the prisoners, this is your decision and your life. Despite the presence of armed guards (who do not go out into the courtyard), the ratio still remains 200 to 1 not in your favor.”
7. Aranjuez Prison, Spain
This is a family prison in the most literal sense. Inmates live there with their families and children until they are three years old – at this age the child still does not fully understand where he is – after which he is sent to his relatives, and the parent is left to serve out his term.The idea is to help both children spend more time with their fathers (or mothers), and criminals remember what they live for and who is waiting for them at large. Presumably, this will also help children avoid the criminal future that the standard formula “poverty + fatherlessness” promises.In this prison, the cells are larger than usual, very comfortable and decorated in the appropriate style, in the courtyard there is a large playground where families are free to go during the day – the cells are open from 6 in the morning until 9 in the evening. Of course, a prisoner must complete two months of observation and training before being allowed to live with his family, and those who have committed sexual offenses are excluded from the program.
8.Bastoy Rrison Island, Norway
An island with an area of 2.6 square kilometers, where 115 prisoners are guarded by 70 prison staff – but at the end of the day only four remain there. There are no walls, no bars.
