How do basketball officials improve their off-ball coverage skills. What techniques can referees use to enhance their court awareness. Why is focusing on areas away from the ball crucial for effective officiating.
The Importance of Off-Ball Officiating in Basketball
Basketball officiating is an art that requires keen observation and a comprehensive understanding of the game. While the ball often draws the most attention, seasoned officials know that crucial plays and fouls frequently occur away from the main action. This concept is at the heart of the Curtis Shaw Collegiate Camp, where experienced referees like Ray Natili share invaluable insights on improving officiating skills.
The “Four Eyes Off the Ball” Philosophy
Ray Natili, a veteran Division I men’s college basketball official, emphasizes a crucial mantra: “quit looking at the basketball.” This philosophy, which he terms “Four eyes off the ball,” is based on the premise that in a three-person crew, only one-third of the officials’ attention should be on the ball itself. The remaining two-thirds should focus on off-ball activities, where many infractions occur unnoticed.
Why Off-Ball Officiating Matters
- Catches illegal activities that often go unnoticed
- Ensures fair play in areas away from the main action
- Improves overall game management and flow
- Helps prevent excessive physicality and maintains freedom of movement
Developing Off-Ball Officiating Skills at Basketball Camps
Basketball officiating camps, like the one run by Curtis Shaw in Duncanville, Texas, provide an ideal environment for referees to hone their off-ball observation skills. These camps offer a unique opportunity to practice and develop habits that are challenging to cultivate during the regular season.
Practical Exercises for Improving Off-Ball Coverage
At Shaw’s camp, Natili gives officials specific tasks to enhance their off-ball awareness:
- Call at least one off-ball foul every half
- Focus on primary areas of coverage
- Actively look for and enforce infractions in assigned areas
- Practice making marginal calls to build confidence and habit
These exercises are designed to ingrain off-ball awareness into an official’s routine, making it second nature by the time the regular season begins.
Key Areas to Watch in Off-Ball Officiating
Effective off-ball officiating requires officials to focus on specific areas and actions that often escape notice. Understanding these key areas can significantly improve an official’s ability to manage the game and ensure fair play.
Cutters and Picks
Cutters moving through the defense and players setting picks are prime areas for off-ball fouls. Officials must watch for illegal screens, holding, and excessive contact as players move without the ball.
Shooter Movement
Natili emphasizes the importance of watching shooters as they try to free themselves up. Excessive contact that impedes a shooter’s movement can disrupt the offense’s timing and lead to rushed shots or turnovers.
Post Play Setup
Officials should be vigilant during the setup of post play. This includes watching for “chucking the cutters” – when defenders illegally impede offensive players trying to establish position.
Transition Play
Rough play often begins during transition, even before teams set up their offense. Officials must be aware of contact occurring as players move down the court, not just focusing on the ball handler.
Positioning and Primary Coverage Areas in Basketball Officiating
Proper positioning is crucial for effective off-ball officiating. Each official in a three-person crew has a primary area of responsibility, and understanding these areas is key to maintaining proper court coverage.
The Importance of Correct Positioning
Ray Natili stresses that “It’s critical to set up in the right position. Focus on your primary.” This approach ensures that each official can effectively monitor their assigned area and make accurate calls.
Avoiding “Head Jerk” Whistles
Bryan Kersey, a veteran Division I men’s basketball official, warns against “head jerk” whistles. These occur when an official makes a call outside their primary area, causing confusion and potentially undermining the crew’s credibility.
To prevent this, Kersey advises:
- Discuss proper whistle placement before the game
- Ensure calls come from the correct official based on court positioning
- Avoid being a “hero” by making calls outside your primary area unless absolutely certain
Anticipation and Match-up Coverage in Basketball Officiating
Anticipation is a crucial skill for basketball officials. By predicting potential areas of conflict or infractions, referees can position themselves effectively and make more accurate calls.
Focusing on the Nearest Match-up
Bryan Kersey emphasizes the importance of officiating the closest match-up, regardless of an official’s position on the court. This approach allows for better visibility and more accurate calls.
Anticipating Play Development
Officials should try to predict which match-ups will be moving towards them. This foresight helps ensure that whistles come from the correct areas of the court, maintaining the flow of the game and credibility of the officiating crew.
Off-Ball Officiating in Women’s Basketball
While the principles of off-ball officiating remain consistent across men’s and women’s basketball, there are some differences in court coverage and emphasis. Division I women’s officials Shannon Feck and Brian Hall provide insights into these nuances.
Similarities and Differences
The core concept of off-ball officiating applies equally to women’s basketball. However, officials must be aware of the unique aspects of the women’s game, including:
- Differences in physical play
- Variations in court coverage assignments
- Emphasis on certain types of off-ball fouls
Challenges in Women’s Basketball Officiating
Brian Hall notes that while the concept is crucial, “officials don’t always get it.” The challenge lies in maintaining discipline and focus on off-ball action, especially in high-pressure situations.
The Impact of Effective Off-Ball Officiating on Game Management
Mastering off-ball officiating techniques can significantly improve overall game management and player safety. By focusing on areas away from the ball, officials can better control the physicality of the game and ensure fair play.
Controlling Excessive Physicality
Ray Natili emphasizes the importance of cleaning up excessive physicality in college basketball. By enforcing off-ball fouls, officials can:
- Maintain freedom of movement for players
- Prevent the escalation of rough play
- Ensure a more fluid and enjoyable game for players and spectators
Improving Game Flow and Fairness
Effective off-ball officiating contributes to a smoother, more equitable game. It allows officials to:
- Catch infractions that might otherwise go unnoticed
- Prevent disadvantages to teams playing within the rules
- Maintain consistent standards throughout the game
- Enhance the overall quality and integrity of the competition
By mastering off-ball officiating techniques, basketball referees can significantly enhance their effectiveness on the court. The skills developed at camps like Curtis Shaw’s Collegiate Camp provide officials with the tools to manage games more effectively, ensure player safety, and maintain the integrity of the sport. As the game continues to evolve, the ability to see beyond the ball will remain a crucial skill for all basketball officials.
Four Eyes Off The Ball
From years of being around high-level Division I men’s college basketball officials, Ray Natili learned to train his eyes and “quit looking at the basketball.” It’s a mantra he now shares at camps he works at as an observer over the summer to help others improve their officiating skills by looking off the ball.
One spring, while observing at Curtis Shaw’s camp in Duncanville, Texas, Natili repeatedly urged campers to look off the ball for illegal activity. He coined the phrase, “Four eyes off the ball,” and credits officials like Shaw, Mike Wood and Karl Hess with helping him develop that skill. Now he is passing it down.
In a three-person crew, we “don’t need six eyes on the ball,” Natili said. “We need four off the ball. There’s a whole other world out there off the ball. You have three officials on the court, so only one-third of those eyes should be following the ball, the other two-thirds should be off.
“Every official has a primary area of coverage and for two of those it’s off the ball. At camps you need to work on these habits. It’s hard to do in-season. It’s like golf — if you want to hit a draw on the course, you have to spend time practicing it.”
During Shaw’s camp, Natili gave officials walking orders to practice: Get an off-the-ball foul every half. That meant they were actively looking at and enforcing coverage in their area. “I don’t care if the calls are marginal,” Natili observed. “It’s a camp. Get in the habit. When it’s December, then it’s part of what you do.”
As an experienced D-I official who has worked deep into the NCAA tournament, Natili is keenly aware of the importance of cleaning up excessive physicality in the college game. Setting a strong example of enforcement and passing down lessons to other officials is an important part of ensuring freedom of movement.
Starts with positioning.
“It’s critical to set up in the right position. Focus on your primary,” he said. From there, keep an eye on cutters and picks. “A vast majority of our calls are on the ball. Everybody in the building can call those.”
Beyond cutters and picks, Natili encouraged officials to watch the shooter as they try to free themselves up. The shooter may get bounced several times while weaving through defenders. That affects the timing of the offense and throws it out of sync. There is then less time on the shot clock to shoot, and the shooter “screws up because we let the excessive contact happen.”
Natili urged campers to focus on the action of knocking shooters off their routes as they weave to set up in an area. He termed that “chucking the cutters,” and said another area to watch and enforce is setting up in post play — being ready for when the ball is received in the post.
Another area is transition. “Rough play starts even as the players are coming down the court,” Natili said. “If three officials are watching over their shoulders in transition, then no one is looking at what’s happening as the players set up on the other end. Rough play starts there.
“Most of the time, it’s the offensive post player who initiates rough contact. He’ll use his rear end or hip to dislodge the defender; then we catch the wrong guy because we haven’t been looking where we should be looking,” he added.
After more than 30 years in D-I men’s basketball, Bryan Kersey has seen his share of “head jerk” whistles, when a partner makes a call on the ball when the official should be looking elsewhere. The primary official on that play jerks his or her head to see why the call was made because the primary official has passed on the ruling.
“Those types of plays — where they’re right in front of you but the whistle comes from your partner across the court — cause problems,” Kersey said. “The coach wants to know why you (as the primary) didn’t make the call because you’re standing right there.
“Before our team goes onto the floor, we discuss making sure all the whistles are coming from the right spots. That ensures a smoother game. If it’s in your primary, you can explain it.”
For younger officials in particular, Kersey advised, “Don’t be a hero and blow your whistle in front of others unless you are 100 percent certain.” Officiating the closest match-up also helps the game go smoother. “Whether you are in the trail, lead or slot, referee the nearest match-up. It’s the easiest thing to look at,” he said.
Kersey encourages his crewmates to anticipate those situations so they are prepared: “Pick those match-ups that are coming toward you so you have whistles in the right areas, and not as the play is moving away from you.”
Same in women’s game.
Division I women’s officials Shannon Feck and Brian Hall agreed that the concept is the same for the women’s game despite court coverage differences. “It’s an important concept, and officials don’t always get it,” Hall said. “In the heat of the moment, it requires discipline to make the call off the ball.”
Hall said he employs self-talk to help him with discipline to keep his eyes off the ball. He’ll call out to himself the players he is responsible for at the exact moment in time and concentrate on them, using the players’ jersey numbers to focus his concentration. How long he will stay with the action in his area “depends on how competitive the match-up is. If one player is on top of another, I’ll stay with it.”
“Know your primaries. If you’re not responsible for action on the ball, you’re off ball. Know what you need to do in each position — lead, trail and center,” he said.
During his pregame, particularly with a less experienced or unfamiliar crews, Hall said he will go over “areas of intersection” on the court, where there can be coverage confusion. That often occurs during transition in the game from offense to defense as the official moves from on-ball to off-ball coverage. “We need two sets of eyes on those intersection (of coverage) plays, for a split second,” Hall explained.
What separates the top officials is their enforcement of off-ball action, according to Hall. “The on-ball stuff is more apparent,” he said. “Know your responsibilities and when you don’t need to be covering the ball.”
Hall compared watching off ball to watching the defender. If you watch the defender, you will be able to see illegal activity by the offensive player as well as the defensive player. The key is to know “why” the action occurred, and that means paying attention to activity within your area of responsibility.
“We teach campers to look off-ball during the summer,” Hall said. “A light bulb goes (on) when you see them get plays right and they’re no longer guessing.”
Feck called “four eyes off the ball” a “universal concept,” applicable to both the women’s and men’s games. On the women’s side, she said there are clear primary areas designated for the crew to officiate.
Off-ball coverage is about being disciplined and strongly officiating competitive match-ups in your primary, not just the “area” itself, Feck said. “If there is not a competitive match-up in your primary, extend to your secondary and find the next competitive match-up that you can actively officiate. Off-ball coverage is about finding competitive matchups in your primary and being ready to come with a whistle in situations where your partners have a closed look,” she said.
Ask yourself, “What is going to hurt me next?” Typical things to look for off-ball include screens (backside, at the elbow, crossing along the endline, etc.), cutters, rough post play and displacement during rebounding, Feck said.
“Enforce freedom of movement by asking yourself if a player’s RSBQ (rhythm, speed, balance, quickness) is affected,” she said. “That can help you determine whether you need to blow your whistle or not.”
Feck, too, emphasized addressing off-the-ball coverage in the pregame, and using self-talk for focus: “I’m always looking for my next matchup, and what type of play could hurt me next,” she said. “Focus on your primary. Help in your secondary. If you referee your primary really hard, you’ll have a really good game.”
Trust your partner.
Four eyes off the ball means trusting your partner. “You have to trust your partner to clean up his area. If your partner has the dribbler, he shouldn’t need your help,” Natili emphasized.
During the pregame, Natili said he discusses the need to clean up illegal contact early, and the game will go “1,000 percent better. The rule changes emphasize cleaning up the illegal contact to increase freedom of movement. It’s an integral part of what the rules committee wants us to do. We need to do our part as officials, and teach this in camp situations.
“Coaches will coach what you allow them to do, use that to their advantage and exploit it so extra physicality remains,” Natili said. “We, as officials, must be committed to cleaning up illegal contact from opening night in December, all the way through the national championship game in April. For real change to occur in our game, it’s incumbent on the high-level guys to referee by example so it trickles down to D-II, D-III and high school.”
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Curtis Shaw Recalls March Madness Memories As College Basketball Referee
Iowa State coach Larry Eustachy argues with Curtis Shaw after being ejected from NCAA tournament
photo by Contributed
Curtis Shaw gets an earful from West Virginia coach Bob Huggins
photo by Contributed
Curtis Shaw engages in a spirited discussion with a coach
photo by Contributed
This is the last of four March Madness stories involving those with Chattanooga ties.
Since his days as a basketball star at McCallie School in the late ‘70s, Curtis Shaw always imagined his career path would lead him into coaching. He just never envisioned the 30-year detour that would carry him to the forefront of college basketball’s center stage along the way.
Over the course of 21 years officiating men’s basketball at the Division I level, Shaw worked seven Final Fours among the 19 seasons being a part of the NCAA’s March Madness. It was a journey that began as a way to earn his way through college and evolved into a passion that connected him with the royalty of college basketball.
“I started out calling games around Chattanooga doing little league basketball, then moved up to high school just trying to survive while I went to UTC,” Shaw said. “All of a sudden I found out I loved it and evidently had some talent because I was elevated pretty rapidly. It just turned into such a passion and it was all I wanted to do. Being in basketball is what I’ve done all of my life.”
Shaw retired from officiating in 2010 after calling the Final Four semifinal contest between Duke and West Virginia, assuming the role of supervisor of officials for the Big 12 Conference. He has since added Conference USA, the Ohio Valley Conference, the Southland Conference and the Missouri Valley Conference to his oversight duties.
“Now I kind of get to be a coach, which is something I always thought about after playing for Coach (Bill) Eskridge and Coach (Bill) Eiselstein at McCallie,” Shaw said. “Being a supervisor for nine years, I get to do the coaching part working with young referees and helping develop them. It’s been a career that became a dream unexpectedly.”
Shaw, who resides in Jasper, Indiana, never imagined his passion for officiating would lead to such memorable moments.
“One of my tournament games was when (North Carolina coach) Dean Smith got his 800th win. Being the crew chief, I had a cool picture with him with the scoreboard in the background that he signed for me later in life,” Shaw said. “Your first time at the Final Four is always memorable. You’re semi-nervous but excited as can be. In ’97 I was the alternate in Indianapolis, then ’99 was the first year I was on the floor in the semifinals when Duke played Michigan State in Tampa. ”
The magnitude of March Madness led to heightened emotions, and Shaw enjoyed the opportunity to officiate teams he normally didn’t see during the regular season while still dealing with some touchy moments.
“Coaches in the tournament tend to be on better behavior than they are during the regular season, but there were always a couple that were hard to deal with,” Shaw said. “(Iowa State coach) Larry Eustachy could be challenging, and we threw him out in the regionals after he blew the lead against Michigan State that became a big media spectacle. Trent Johnson when he was at Stanford wound up getting thrown out, too.
“Both of those guys became good friends when my role changed. You get a different respect for one another away from the court. But sometimes your personalities tend to clash just like any other business. You’re not going to be best friends with everybody.”
Getting to know some of the stars of the college game was also a benefit that Shaw came to cherish.
“I got to referee and know so many great players that it carried over. When Dwyane Wade was at Marquette he was relatively unknown, and he’s now a superstar. I had a lot of their games over the years and I’d see him from time to time while he’s in the NBA and we still talk about games from his college days.
“Kevin Durant was as good as an offensive player that I’ve ever seen in college and a good guy. (Duke coach) Mike Krzyzewski and I traded barbs with each other because he’s highly intelligent and we’d clash at times. It was fun to kind of play games with him. There’s so many players and coaches I got to know that I’ve known forever now. You’re running in a circle that’s pretty special.”
Shaw had the opportunity to get to know Tennessee coach Rick Barnes when he was in charge of Texas’ program. He’s not surprised by the success Barnes has enjoyed in resurrecting the Vols.
“I’ve always had tons of respect for him – the way he coached, the way he acted and the type family person he is,” Shaw said. “He had a great run at Texas where I don’t think he was appreciated as much as he should’ve been because it’s such a football-oriented school. He got a fresh start at Tennessee, and sometimes you just need to start over for everybody’s sake. He got to come to a place that’s dying for a winner, and he’s done it. He’s taken overlooked kids and blended them into a veteran team that’s turned things around. I’m very happy for him, and I’m happy for the program because they needed something positive to happen to them.”
Having agreed to move to a supervisor role the following year prior to the 2009-10 season, Shaw was able to end his lengthy tenure as one of the game’s most respected officials in a memorable fashion.
“The fact that my last game was the semifinal game in the Final Four was pretty special,” Shaw said. “Not many referees know when their last game will be because they hang around too long and they wind up getting let go or hurt. I knew that was my last game. Plus, it was in Indianapolis where I was living at the time, so my kids and a lot of friends got to be there. Going out on top, so to speak, was a nice achievement.”
Shaw, who is a member of the Greater Chattanooga Sports Hall of Fame, believes that officiating has become more challenging since his days on the court.
“It’s definitely gotten harder to officiate because the size and speed of the players is so drastically different from when I started,” Shaw said. “Also, the fundamental skill-set of the players is tremendously down from what it used to be. What you’ve got is just a smaller version of the NBA. I don’t think our rules have helped it, but it’s hard to change things when you’re dealing with the NCAA.”
The criticism of officials disrupting the flow of games by constantly verifying their calls through instant replay creates a dilemma for today’s referees that Shaw doesn’t envy.
“When you’re refereeing, you’re calling the game in real time,” Shaw said. “Every call these days is then scrutinized on social media and that’s what takes so long at the monitor. The last thing you want is to be on SportsCenter later that night. I wish we’d done things differently, but it’s where we are these days.
“When I was refereeing I thought I could control the game. Before we had the timing pack, I never had clock issues. I knew how to manage that game. Nowadays, we’ve created an endless run to the monitor.”
Despite the challenges referees face in today’s environment, Shaw still loves coaching the next generation of officials. In fact, his son, Chase, has decided to follow in his father’s footsteps.
“My son is an aspiring referee who just got selected to the Division II national tournament this year,” Shaw said. “We bump heads, so I stay out of his career and he’s done this all on his own without an influence from me. It’s kind of neat to see him take this course and I can tell he shares the same passion as I did.”
To contact Paul Payne email [email protected] or Twitter @Paul_A_Payne
Basketball camp New Ocean – tours 2023
Summer is a time for adventure, meeting new people and, of course, improving your sports skills! If you are a basketball lover and want to spend your summer with benefit, then we invite you to basketball camp “New Ocean” .
Age: for boys born in 2007-2010.
PROGRAM
New Ocean Basketball Camp offers a unique opportunity for teenagers and children who want to improve their basketball skills and spend time with like-minded people. A team of professional coaches and instructors will help develop all the necessary skills – from throwing technique to team play tactics.
In the camp participants will live in comfortable rooms, where there is everything necessary for a comfortable stay. In addition, the organizers offer a varied program that includes not only training, but also various entertainment and excursions!
No lessons, no school, no teachers – just sea, sun, beach and basketball!
The following facilities are available at camp “New Ocean” :
- The basketball hall is an ideal place to practice and play basketball. The gym is equipped with all the necessary equipment for quality training.
- Stadium is a great place for outdoor exercise and training. Here you can improve your physical abilities and enjoy the beautiful views of nature.
- The swimming pool is a great place to relax and unwind after an intense workout. You can swim in the pool, enjoy the sun and just relax.
- Gym is the perfect place for those who want to improve their fitness and get ready for the season. Here you can find all the necessary simulators and equipment for quality training.
Daily routine:
- 7.00 – Rise
- 7.30 – OFP
- 9.00 – Breakfast
- 10.00 – Workout
- 12.00 – Lunch
- 14.00 – Gym
- 15.00 – Pool
- 16.00 – Rest
- 18.00 – Dinner
- 20.00 – Workout
- 22.00 – Lights out
LOCATION AND CONDITIONS
Republic of Crimea, Kerch, st. Moskovskaya, 18, hotel “Moskav-Krym”
The camp is located in a beautiful and secluded area where you can enjoy fresh air and beautiful views of nature. Children have access to modern sports facilities such as a basketball court, a stadium, a swimming pool and a gym, as well as participate in an entertainment program and excursions.
Accommodation
Accommodation in comfortable 3-bed rooms (air conditioning, satellite TV, WiFi, shower, toilet).
Meals
Three balanced meals a day.
The price includes:
- Accommodation in comfortable 3-bed rooms (air conditioning, satellite TV, Wi-Fi, shower, toilet).
- Balanced nutrition.
- Training.
- Rental of sports facilities.
- Transfer.
- Entertainment
- Medical procedures
- Gifts
The camp provides free accommodation and meals for each coach who accompanies his team to the club.
Organizer: IP Kazarenko G.I.
Pro Hoops Playground Camp.
November 2-4, Playground Moscow
November 2-4 / Moscow
The American company Pro Hoops in close cooperation with Playground Moscow will hold an intensive training camp for boys from 12 to 23 years old.
Senior Camp Coach – Ross Burns
(Athletic Director of Pro Hoops, USA)
Ross Burns graduate of the University of Massachusetts 1999, where he played under John Calipari. 1996 NCAA Final Four player, three-time March Madness.
At the end of his career as a player for 7 seasons, he worked as a coach in the colleges of the First division of the NCAA (Wagner College, Youngstown State, Fordham University).
Since 2006 partnered with Pro Hoops, specializing in individual work with the strongest players and coordinating the company’s global projects.
Camp 9 Training Program0005 The camp program consists of intensive American-style workouts used by PRO HOOPS coaches, headquartered in New York City and running one of the strongest personal development programs in the US, used by NBA players (Kemba Walker, Joaquim Noah, Zach Lavigne, JJ Reddick, Mike Dunleavy Jr., etc.), students and amateurs preparing for professional career.
Training is aimed at improving the level, technical and functional capabilities of the players.
Friday, November 2
13:00 – Opening Intro/Expectations
13:10 – Warm-Up/Activation/Ball Handling
13:25 – Full Court Transition
13:40 – Skill Development (4 groups x 12 mins)
15:00 – Games
16:00 – Summary & Schedule
Saturday, November 3
09:00 – Opening
09:05 – Activation
09:20 – Combine Testing (Water breaks in between testing)
10:20 – Ball Handling
10:30 – Skill Development
11:00 – Games
12:00 – Summary & Schedule
12:15 – 13:30 Lunch w/ Segment on Nutrition
13:30 – Guest Speaker: Ross Burns
14:00 – Ball Handling Competition
14:15 – Skill Development (4 groups x 12 mins)
14:45 – Competitive Shooting Games
15:00 – Games
16:00 – Summary & Schedule
Sunday, November 4th
09:00 – Opening
09:05 – Activation/Ball Handling
09:20 – Full Court Transition
09:35 – Skill development
10:45 – Games
11:45 – Closing Ceremony
How Pro Hoops train
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Camp features basketball agencies.
Professional Training
3 days of intensive training with Pro Hoops and Playground trainers.
Attention and support
Work in small groups, with constant monitoring of actions by the trainer and the possibility of “feedback”.
Individual approach
Creation of an individual dossier for each athlete, including videos, test results and competitions. Tracking progress and individual recommendations from camp coaches.
Safety
Work under the supervision of professionally trained medical staff.
Exchange of experience
Communication with former and current professional players.
Bonuses
Exclusive sportswear for participants. Individual awards in various nominations, certificates for all participants.
Dmitry Materansky about the PRO HOOPS camp and its head coach
Each participant of the camp will get a chance to show and attract the attention of a top American coach, and possibly go to study and develop his career in the best basketball league in the world!
Cost of participation
There is always a choice – to stay in your comfort zone and be content with mediocre results or start training with the best, who will take you to a new, previously unattainable level.