How did Mr. Vegas’ ‘Heads High’ become a dancehall anthem. What various formats and releases contributed to the song’s widespread popularity. Why is ‘Heads High’ considered a pivotal track in reggae and dancehall music.
The Rise of Mr. Vegas and ‘Heads High’
Mr. Vegas, born Clifford Smith, emerged as a prominent figure in the dancehall scene with his breakthrough hit ‘Heads High’. Released in 1998, this track quickly became a global sensation, catapulting the Jamaican artist to international stardom. The song’s infectious rhythm and empowering lyrics resonated with audiences worldwide, establishing Mr. Vegas as a force to be reckoned with in the reggae and dancehall genres.
The Genesis of a Dancehall Anthem
The creation of ‘Heads High’ marked a pivotal moment in Mr. Vegas’ career. The track’s production, characterized by its upbeat tempo and memorable hook, was a perfect showcase for Vegas’ unique vocal style. Its message of self-confidence and resilience struck a chord with listeners, particularly women, who embraced it as an anthem of empowerment.
Diverse Releases and Formats of ‘Heads High’
The success of ‘Heads High’ led to numerous releases across various formats, each contributing to the song’s widespread dissemination and enduring popularity. These releases included:
- CD Maxi (GRECD 785)
- 7″ Vinyl (JPDB0008 and unmarked versions)
- 12″ Vinyl (GRED 650)
- Remix versions (JPDB0015)
The availability of ‘Heads High’ in multiple formats allowed the track to reach diverse audiences and cater to different preferences in music consumption. Vinyl enthusiasts could enjoy the warmth of the 7″ and 12″ pressings, while the CD Maxi offered extended playtime and potentially bonus content.
The Significance of Remixes
The remix culture played a crucial role in extending the life and appeal of ‘Heads High’. The release of remix versions (JPDB0015) demonstrated the song’s versatility and its ability to be reinterpreted for different dance floors and audiences. These remixes often featured collaborations with other artists or producers, bringing fresh perspectives to the original track.
Cultural Impact and Legacy of ‘Heads High’
‘Heads High’ transcended its initial release to become a cultural phenomenon. Its impact extended beyond the confines of dancehall, influencing pop culture, fashion, and even social movements. The phrase “heads high” became synonymous with confidence and self-assurance, particularly in the face of adversity.
Influence on Dancehall and Reggae
The success of ‘Heads High’ helped to further popularize dancehall music on a global scale. It opened doors for other Jamaican artists and contributed to the genre’s evolution. The track’s production style and Mr. Vegas’ delivery influenced subsequent generations of dancehall performers, cementing its place in the pantheon of reggae and dancehall classics.
Analyzing the Lyrics and Message of ‘Heads High’
The lyrics of ‘Heads High’ carry a powerful message of self-respect and empowerment. Mr. Vegas encourages listeners, particularly women, to hold their heads high and not succumb to disrespect or mistreatment. The chorus, with its repetitive “Heads high, kill them with the no” became a rallying cry for assertiveness and self-worth.
Empowerment Through Music
By addressing themes of respect and self-esteem, ‘Heads High’ resonated deeply with its audience. The song’s message aligns with broader social movements promoting gender equality and respect, making it relevant beyond its initial release and contributing to its lasting impact.
Mr. Vegas’ Career Trajectory Post-‘Heads High’
The success of ‘Heads High’ served as a launching pad for Mr. Vegas’ career. Following this breakthrough, he continued to release hit singles and albums, solidifying his position in the dancehall scene. His versatility as an artist allowed him to experiment with different styles and collaborations, ensuring his relevance in the ever-evolving world of reggae and dancehall music.
Notable Collaborations and Future Projects
Mr. Vegas’ talent and the popularity gained from ‘Heads High’ led to collaborations with various international artists, further expanding his reach. These partnerships not only showcased Vegas’ adaptability but also helped to bring dancehall to new audiences around the world.
The Technical Aspects of ‘Heads High’ Production
The production of ‘Heads High’ played a crucial role in its success. The track’s infectious rhythm, created by the legendary production duo Steely & Clevie, perfectly complemented Mr. Vegas’ energetic delivery. The use of digital instrumentation, characteristic of modern dancehall, combined with traditional reggae elements, resulted in a sound that was both fresh and rooted in Jamaican musical traditions.
Sound Engineering and Mixing
The crisp, clear production of ‘Heads High’ allowed each element of the track to shine. The mixing emphasized the driving beat while ensuring that Mr. Vegas’ vocals remained front and center. This balance was crucial in creating a track that worked equally well in clubs and on radio airwaves.
Collecting and Value of ‘Heads High’ Releases
For music collectors and enthusiasts, the various releases of ‘Heads High’ present an interesting opportunity. The different formats and pressings, including limited editions and promotional copies, have become sought-after items in the vinyl collecting community.
Rarity and Condition Factors
The value of ‘Heads High’ releases can vary significantly based on factors such as:
- Format (7″, 12″, CD)
- Pressing location and label
- Limited editions or promotional copies
- Overall condition of the item
Collectors often seek out specific pressings or versions, with some of the rarer items commanding premium prices in the secondary market.
‘Heads High’ in the Digital Age
While physical releases of ‘Heads High’ continue to hold value for collectors, the digital age has brought new ways for fans to engage with the track. Streaming platforms have made the song accessible to new generations of listeners, ensuring its continued relevance in the modern music landscape.
Streaming and Social Media Impact
The availability of ‘Heads High’ on digital platforms has led to renewed interest in the track. Social media platforms, particularly TikTok and Instagram, have seen users create content featuring the song, introducing it to younger audiences and sparking nostalgic appreciation among long-time fans.
This digital resurgence demonstrates the timeless quality of ‘Heads High’ and its ability to resonate across generations. The track’s message and infectious rhythm continue to captivate listeners, proving that great music transcends time and technological changes.
The Global Reach of ‘Heads High’
‘Heads High’ achieved remarkable international success, breaking beyond the traditional markets for dancehall music. Its popularity in countries across Europe, Asia, and the Americas highlighted the universal appeal of its rhythm and message. This global reach not only boosted Mr. Vegas’ career but also played a significant role in expanding the audience for dancehall music worldwide.
Chart Performance and International Recognition
The track’s chart performance in various countries served as a testament to its widespread appeal. ‘Heads High’ entered charts in the UK, Germany, and several other European countries, a feat not commonly achieved by dancehall tracks at the time. This international success paved the way for greater recognition of Jamaican music on the global stage.
Furthermore, the song’s popularity in clubs and on radio stations around the world contributed to a growing appreciation for dancehall culture beyond Jamaica’s borders. It became a gateway track for many international listeners, introducing them to the vibrant world of Jamaican music and culture.
The Evolution of Dancehall Post-‘Heads High’
The success of ‘Heads High’ marked a significant moment in the evolution of dancehall music. Its crossover appeal demonstrated the potential for dancehall to reach mainstream audiences without compromising its core elements. This breakthrough influenced the direction of the genre in subsequent years, with many artists and producers seeking to replicate the formula that made ‘Heads High’ a global hit.
Influence on Production Styles
The production style of ‘Heads High’, with its blend of digital rhythms and catchy hooks, became a template for many dancehall tracks that followed. Producers began to experiment more with incorporating elements that could appeal to international audiences while maintaining the essence of dancehall’s energetic sound.
Additionally, the song’s success encouraged more collaboration between dancehall artists and international acts, leading to a cross-pollination of styles that further evolved the genre. This fusion approach helped dancehall maintain its relevance in the ever-changing landscape of global popular music.
Mr. Vegas’ Artistic Development
While ‘Heads High’ remains Mr. Vegas’ most recognizable hit, his career has been marked by continuous artistic growth and experimentation. Following the success of this breakthrough track, Vegas demonstrated his versatility by exploring various sub-genres within dancehall and even venturing into other musical styles.
Expanding Musical Horizons
Mr. Vegas’ discography post-‘Heads High’ reveals an artist unafraid to push boundaries. He has released tracks that range from high-energy dancehall anthems to more mellow, roots-inspired reggae songs. This willingness to experiment has helped him maintain relevance in a fast-paced industry and has earned him respect as a multifaceted artist.
Some of his notable projects include forays into gospel music, showcasing his spiritual side, and collaborations with artists from diverse genres. This artistic journey demonstrates how ‘Heads High’ served as a springboard for a rich and varied career, rather than defining Mr. Vegas as a one-hit wonder.
The Enduring Legacy of ‘Heads High’
As we approach nearly two and a half decades since its release, ‘Heads High’ continues to hold a special place in dancehall history. Its enduring popularity is a testament to the timeless quality of its production and the universal resonance of its message. The track is regularly featured in dancehall retrospectives and continues to ignite dance floors around the world.
Cultural Impact Beyond Music
The influence of ‘Heads High’ extends beyond the realm of music. The phrase has become part of the cultural lexicon, used to encourage confidence and resilience in various contexts. Its message of self-empowerment has been adopted by motivational speakers, incorporated into educational programs, and referenced in popular media.
Moreover, the track’s impact on fashion and dance cannot be overstated. The energy and attitude embodied in ‘Heads High’ inspired dance moves and fashion trends that became synonymous with late 90s and early 2000s dancehall culture. These cultural elements have shown remarkable staying power, periodically resurging in popularity and influencing new generations.
Preservation and Remastering Efforts
Given the historical and cultural significance of ‘Heads High’, efforts have been made to preserve and remaster the track for future generations. These initiatives aim to ensure that the song’s quality remains high across various playback systems and that its legacy is maintained in the digital age.
Challenges in Digital Preservation
The preservation of dancehall tracks like ‘Heads High’ presents unique challenges. Many early dancehall recordings were created using now-obsolete digital technology, making it difficult to access and transfer the original files. Efforts to remaster these tracks often involve painstaking work to recreate the original sound using modern technology.
Additionally, the multiple versions and remixes of ‘Heads High’ add complexity to preservation efforts. Archivists and music historians work to document and preserve these various iterations, recognizing their importance in understanding the track’s evolution and impact.
The Future of ‘Heads High’ and Its Place in Music History
As we look to the future, it’s clear that ‘Heads High’ will continue to play a significant role in the narrative of dancehall and Jamaican music. Its influence can be heard in the work of contemporary artists, and its message remains as relevant today as it was upon its release.
Educational and Cultural Significance
Academic institutions and cultural organizations have begun to recognize the importance of tracks like ‘Heads High’ in understanding the evolution of popular music and its intersection with social movements. The song is increasingly studied in music history and cultural studies programs, cementing its place in the academic exploration of Caribbean music and its global impact.
Furthermore, as discussions around gender equality and empowerment continue to evolve, ‘Heads High’ serves as a powerful example of how music can contribute to these important conversations. Its message of self-respect and resilience continues to inspire new interpretations and discussions, ensuring that the track remains not just a piece of musical history, but a living, breathing part of ongoing cultural dialogues.
In conclusion, Mr. Vegas’ ‘Heads High’ stands as a testament to the power of music to transcend boundaries, inspire change, and leave an indelible mark on culture. From its humble beginnings in the dancehalls of Jamaica to its global recognition and enduring legacy, ‘Heads High’ continues to exemplify the very essence of what makes dancehall music a vital and vibrant art form. As new generations discover and reinterpret this classic track, its place in the pantheon of great songs seems assured, cementing Mr. Vegas’ contribution to the rich tapestry of Jamaican music and global pop culture.
| Cat# | Artist | Title (Format) | Label | Cat# | Country | Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRECD 785 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (CD, Maxi) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JPDB0008 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JPDB0008 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″, M/Print) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JPDB0015 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High Remix (7″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High Remix (7″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JPDB0015 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High Remix (7″, MP, M/Print) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GRED 650 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (12″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GRED 650 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (12″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GRED 650 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (12″, W/Lbl) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JPDB0008 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″, M/Print) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″, RP) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GRECD 650 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (CD, Single) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GREC 650 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (Cass, Single) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GRED 785 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (12″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MV PROMO1 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (12″, Single, Promo) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GRED 785 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (12″, W/Lbl) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GREC 785 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (Cass, Single) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Head High (Remix) (7″, M/Print, RE) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MML 207 | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (Remix) (7″) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (Remix) (7″, RE) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High Remix (7″, M/Print, RP) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High Remix (7″, MP, RP) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″, M/Print, RE) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″, RE) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| none | Mr. Vegas | Heads High (7″, RP) | Sell This Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jah Lyrics: Mr. Vegas – Heads High Lyrics
[Intro]
Nana-na, nana-na, nana-na, nana-na now
Kill them with the “Nooooo”
Nana-na, nana-na, nana-na, nana-na now
Kill them with the
Kill them with the
Kill them with the
[Chorus]
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill them with the no
No bwoy ain’t got no secret for you
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill dem with the no
Tell them say, “Vegas say so”
[Verse 1]
Me want you skin your teeth, and make me see it
If you sure from you born say you never dweet
You a no freak, a one man you keep
And him never yet complain say, “you’re deep”
You make your vow, you no answer to ‘yow’
And a one man a sample your cho-cho
Lift up your brow, make a guy know
Say him fi him move him blow-wow
And sing again
[Chorus]
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill them with the no
Make a boy know you a no pappy show
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill dem with the no
Tell them say, “Vegas say so”
[Verse 2]
Me want hear you scream if your mouth clean
No man never rope you in for no ice cream
You no smell green, like Sharlene
You hold a fresh and have a healthy hygiene
Some assuming, while you keep blooming
Like a pretty little lilly inna the morning
You’re not brawling, pressure dem darling
While you’re rising them keep falling
So sing again
[Chorus]
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill them with the no
No bwoy cyaan tek a you fi pappy show
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill dem with the no
Dem nah no secret fi you
And sing again
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill them with the no
No bwoy cyaan tek a you fi pappy show
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill dem with the no
Tell dem, “Vegas say so”
[Verse 3]
Me want you scream, bruk out, whine up your body
Hand inna the air, cah you a no ray-ray
One ship alone can dock ‘pon a bay
‘Pon a bwoy mic you nah DJ
And sing again
[Chorus]
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill them with the no
No bwoy cyaan tek a you fi pappy show
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill dem with the no
Tell dem, “Vegas say so”
[Verse 1]
Me want you skin your teeth, and make me see it
If you sure from you born say you never dweet
You a no freak, a one man you keep
And him never yet complain say, “you’re deep”
You make your vow, you no answer to ‘yow’
And a one man a sample your cho-cho
Lift up your brow, make a guy know
Say him fi him move him blow-wow
[Chorus]
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill them with the no
Make a boy know you a no pappy show
Heads high, kill them with the no
Just make a bwoy know you nah blow
Heads high, kill dem with the no
Tell dem, “Vegas say so”
And sing along.
..
Mr. Vegas lyrics are copyright by their rightful owner(s)
and Jah Lyrics in no way takes copyright or claims the lyrics belong to us.
Jah Lyrics exists solely for the purpose of archiving all reggae lyrics and
makes no profit from this website.
Heads High by SimonGannon on DeviantArt
One of the things I always have trouble explaining at the workshops is a topic in Proportion that deals with heads high. Mostly, I just can’t draw on white boards, at all, and this topic is pretty diagram heavy.
Here are two models (from Persona 4) who represent the height difference between two average humans. This diagram is mostly to show the technical difference between heads-high and height. Someone can be 8 heads high and 5 feet, or 6 feet. This catalogues the differences between them, as well as the differences between a broad character, and a slender one, as a bonus.
Not that this diagram should not be taken at face value and used for stock for the following reasons:
1) Shorter people tend to have fewer heads high. Though the point of this is to try to illustrate that height and heads high have nothing to do with each other, there’s still a correlation in real life. This can get hard to realistically depict in a comic, where the reader expects more consistency, or at least definable differences.
2) 8 heads is a ‘heroic figure’, often seen in comics. The slender figure looks to have a small head compared to the buffer character. The higher the heads, the wider the figure tends to have to be to offset this. Of course, a smaller head can be aesthetic, too – it depends on the look one wants.
3) You don’t have to force everyone in your character roster to be the same heads-high, though it seems this is usually the case. 70’s anime often had one or two characters that broke the mold of the rest of the cast – usually comedic, or humongous guys [link]
A real human is generally only 6 heads. Realistic portrayals tend to be 7. Most eastern and western comics are 8, because this cuts the figure more memorably – But some anime are 9 or more, like Fist of the North Star and Sailor Moon mangas.
4) [I’m aware these aren’t cannon outfits or anything – I was trying to keep it simple while still suggesting where clothes would cut, too.]
5) There are a few issues I ran into while mapping these two characters to exactly 8 heads. While this is the traditional breakdown, I find the knees set too low for my tastes, and similarly the elbows also feel too low – Generally in anime/manga at least, extra height is given at the shins and forearms, rather than the thighs and tops of the arms, which I suspect is usually how that goes in real life. I think this has a lot to do with foreshortening and perspective, when drawing the characters at anything other than straight on – The knee to the shin, when looking down at some one will look even smaller, so it pays to exaggerate.
As a side note to the heads-high discussion, it’s interesting to note how much a single foot of difference can make to the area that a person takes up. Naoto could probably fit right through the neck of Kanji’s shirt without even any exaggeration.
I’ve been nearly hit in the face with an elbow myself while walking behind someone that much taller. This kind of stuff is really interesting to try to depict in a believable way in illustrations. Most of the time, a height difference like this has to be mollified because it just looks too weird.
As another observational note, sometimes people as tall as Kanji (especially at his age, where he’s taller than anyone around) tend to hunch over the way he often is shown to do in game. I’ve even had trouble hearing two tall people talk to each other over my head! There’s a lot of reasons to start hunching over more and more without even realizing it…
Positives outweigh negatives as furniture industry heads to High Point
Despite a stubborn rise in Covid-19 cases, the positive signs certainly outweigh the negative ones as we head into the critical October High Point Market – one of the few furniture industry trade shows taking its normal spot on the calendar the past two years.
For one thing, there’s a surprising amount of new product on tap. Given the massive supply chain woes that have made it difficult for some manufacturers to keep in-line goods in stock, we thought October product launches would be few and far between. But that doesn’t appear to be the case – especially for exhibitors with bedroom, dining room and occasional furniture.
There’s no question that many have cut back on the number of new products, but exhibitors believe new products remain a key showroom attraction, so they’re not foregoing new designs altogether.
And the smart exhibitors (including Zuo) are making a point of having most, if not all of their new products in stock and ready to ship.
“These days, dealers always want to know what’s in stock, but when they come to market, they also want to know what’s new,” said Luis Ruesga, CEO of Zuo. “They still want something new to freshen up their floors.”
The big question mark, as usual, is market attendance.
We know international attendance will be down substantially because of travel restrictions to Europe and Asia, but how many domestic retail buyers and designers will venture out? That’s the proverbial $64,000 question.
“I would like nothing better than to give my showroom manager my corporate card and send her to Costco to by more supplies for the showroom,” one CEO told me a few days ago. “But it’s just hard to predict how many will show up.”
Another sign that things are starting to return to normal is the reemergence of seminars, parties and other social events at market. Dozens of them are on the schedule, including two in Zuo’s showroom, space D-502 of the International Home Furnishings Center.
On Saturday, Oct. 16 (RSVP Here), the opening day of market – Zuo will fire up its margarita machine for “A Bohemian Experience,” a party to celebrate the launch of its Boho Chic collection. The event will feature several product giveaways.
On Monday, Oct. 18 (RSVP Here), a panel discussion aimed at designers starts at 3 p.
m.., followed by a reception for the panelists from 4-6 p.m.
The discussion, “Using Technology to Propel Your Design Business,” is in partnership with 3D technology company Visualizer Plus. Panelists are interior and product designer Christopher Grubb of Arch Interiors Design Group; business development expert Yudi Kaufman of YKD Associates; and creative director Thomas Wolosik of Visualizer Plus. The discussion will be moderated by celebrity designer and product developer Robin Baron of Robin Baron Design.
The 5 Best Showerheads 2021
Our pick
Kohler 22169-G-CP Forte Multifunction Showerhead
Of all the models we tested, this elegant, three-spray showerhead offered the fullest, most powerful rain-shower spray, with huge, soft drops that felt gentle on skin.
Buying Options
*At the time of publishing, the price was $74.
The Kohler 22169-G-CP Forte Multifunction Showerhead has the best rain-shower spray of any showerhead we tested: It produces a powerful, dense full soak that envelops your entire body.
The Forte aerates its stream, creating larger, softer water droplets, which make the spray feel fuller and warmer. This three-spray model has two other excellent settings: a pummeling massage function and a silky-soft fine spray. The showerhead installs easily, and you can adjust the spray settings smoothly with one hand. And the Forte’s brass ball joint securely pivots the head to hit the far corners of a tub or stall.
Upgrade pick
The powerful Moen Attract Magnetix Chrome Rainshower Combo 26008 pairs a handheld and a rain-shower head, along with six spray patterns, to produce an exceptional variety of great showering options. The handheld unit’s magnetic dock snaps securely into its own dedicated socket—which is far easier than maneuvering a handheld shower into a narrow holster within the main showerhead (as is found on some competitors). The 26008 is almost as easy to install as a fixed showerhead, and it includes a pause button, which allows you to halt its 1.
75-gpm spray without losing your temperature setting.
Also great
Kohler Freespin Bellerose 3-Spray Dual Showerhead Combo
This showerhead features a unique, 360-degree rotating design with pivoting heads on both the rain-shower and handheld base, providing a customized shower with a total of 15 different spray combinations.
Buying Options
*At the time of publishing, the price was $90.
The Kohler Freespin Bellerose 3-Spray Dual Showerhead Combo offers supreme versatility with a clever design that allows you to maneuver the two showerheads—one fixed, the other a detachable handheld—in a complete circle. When it’s not detached, the handheld nestles in a pivoting cradle, just like its attached counterpart, allowing you to adjust both water flows in all directions and hit different areas. So this pick is ideal for households made up of people with varying body types and spray preferences (there are 15 to choose from).
Also great
Nebia by Moen
This showerhead will cloak you in a warm, comforting mist, combined with the force of a cleansing downpour.
The Nebia by Moen requires a few preexisting shower and plumbing conditions for proper installation. But if your bathroom meets the criteria, and you’re the type who goes to the gym primarily to sit in the steam room, this luxury pick is the closest you’ll get to an in-home spa without breaking the bank. Along with its height and aim versatility, this showerhead features a relaxing atomized steam and drenching soak (which is strong enough to thoroughly rinse thick hair), making it a worthy splurge for some. However, the very specific spray function lacks universal appeal.
Also great
The High Sierra 1.5 GPM High Efficiency Low Flow Showerhead is a low-flow model that feels luxurious. It’s the most powerful low-flow showerhead we tested, spraying heavy, drenching droplets that felt more powerful than the 2.5-gpm settings on some other showerheads. We also appreciated its sturdy, all-metal construction. The High Sierra has just one setting, making it less versatile—especially if its strong spray pattern feels too overwhelming. It’s also not as attractive as our other picks.
Mr. Vegas Show Off Plaque For “Heads High” Selling 200K Copies In UK
Mr. Vegas secures another plaque for one of his biggest hit two decades after its release.
More than 20 years after it was released, Mr. Vegas’ “Heads High” album is still doing numbers. The project has now sold 200,000 copies in England, herby achieving silver status. In a video upload to his Instagram page captioned “200,000 copies sold…from ground floor to the top floor”, Vegas showed off his plaque while thanking fans for their support.
The dancehall veteran said, “This is the song that really set the stage for Mr Vegas career, yuh understand. So wi give thanks and the fans dem weh and the fans that have been supporting this song over the years I give thanks.”
The deejay said racking in 200,000 sales in England is a big deal, as that’s just one territory. He expressed appreciation for the fans who bought and continue to buy his music.
“So wi waan big up Leslie and Frenchy, and Mainstream crew…especially Collete Bogle. Mr. G big up yourself,” the artiste said.
Mr. Vegas said the recognition is a major milestone for him while noting that the sales were certified and not “nuh carbon copy.”
Meanwhile, his “Voices of Sweet Jamaica,” released in 2012, has surpassed 18 million digital streams on Spotify, earning Vegas’ another plaque for that effort.
Speaking on that achievement, Mr. Vegas said, “Rest in peace Daddy U-Roy, he’s a part of this. All di greats dem deh pon that mix that I did…Barrington Levy, U-Roy, Marcia Griffiths, Christopher Martin, Cecile…pure people deh pon this…Tony Curtis, Singing Melody, Freddy McGregor, Leeroy Small, Josey Wales, Shaggy, Beenie Man.. Suh big up unuh self.”
Fans of Vegas flooded the comment section of the post, celebrating the artist and his achievements.
One fan said, “Congratulations bro bro on your success keep doing your thing!.”
A second fan said, “Big up yourself artist,” while a third said, “This is a big achievement… Legendary.”
Going back to the “Heads High” plaque, Vegas said it was the catalyst that launched his career, making him a household name.
Mr. Vegas emerged as one of the most recognized voices in dancehall in the late 90s to early 2000s. He would go on to collaborate with late rapper DMX and soca stars Destra Garcia and Machel Montana. He also released other albums that secured top spots on Billboard Reggae Charts through the early 2000s.
Mr. Vegas closed out the video by highlighting that he is grateful for the recognition.
Making the switch to high-efficiency sprinkler heads
Spring is here, the time when flowers start to bloom, leaves pop out of the trees and grass starts to grow.
It’s also the season when homeowners fire up their sprinklers systems after the dormant winter months, providing a prime opportunity to evaluate sprinkler systems and landscape designs.
“Irrigation systems have come a long way over the past 20 years,” said Jeff Tejral, water efficiency manager at Denver Water. “We’re encouraging homeowners, businesses and local governments to replace their old, fixed-spray-head sprinkler nozzles with high-efficiency rotary heads.”
Fixed-spray-head nozzles are the most common types of sprinkler heads out there, but they throw large amounts of water up in the air as a mist.
Fixed-spray sprinkler heads put out a mist of water that can be blown off grass in windy conditions. Photo credit: Denver Water.
“The biggest problem with fixed-spray heads is that they put out water faster than our hard clay soil can absorb it,” Tejral said. “The other issue is if there’s wind, the smaller droplets from the spray can blow away and not fall where you want it.”
These problems can lead to brown spots in your landscape due to uneven coverage. But modern, rotary nozzle sprinkler heads can help.
“Rotary nozzles spray larger water droplets that are heavier and fall to the ground rather than blowing away if there’s wind,” Tejral said. “They also send out water at a much slower rate, so the ground has more time to absorb it.”
High-efficiency sprinkler heads deliver multiple rotating streams of water. Proper use requires them to run longer, but because they don’t put out as much water, they use the same or less water than fixed-spray heads.
“The big benefit is that you’re getting water where it needs to go at a better flow rate. That’s going to make the sprinklers more efficient and reduce waste,” Tejral said.
Rotary sprinkler heads deliver streams of water at a slower rate than fixed-head nozzles. Photo credit: Denver Water.
The price of high-efficiency rotary sprinkler heads has come down over the years, according to Tejral, and they are also more available to the public. Prices range from roughly $5 to $7 per nozzle. By comparison, typical fixed spray heads range from $1.50 to $3 per nozzle.
Denver Water offers rebates on select models of high-efficiency rotary sprinkler heads, which can be found at home improvement and irrigation supply stores. They can be used to water grass or other parts of a landscape. Denver Water customers can receive a one-time, $3-per-head rebate on purchases of 10 to 100 heads.
“Half of Denver Water’s overall water use is for outdoor irrigation, so it’s important that our customers water their landscapes as efficiently as possible,” Tejral said. “Water is scarce in the West, so by switching sprinkler nozzles, you can have a great-looking yard and help protect our water supply.”
High-efficiency rotary heads install easily on traditional pop-up sprinklers. Photo credit: Denver Water.
When installed correctly, the benefits of high-efficiency rotary sprinkler heads include:
• Easy-to-install retrofits for pop-up irrigation heads.
• Increased radius range.
• Considerably less water flow per minute than conventional spray nozzles allows water to soak into the soil easier.
• Fewer missed spots produces better coverage.
• Work better in wind.
• Reduced runoff on slopes and clay soils.
• Less chance for water waste.
90,000 Mountain sickness is no joke!
15 October 2014
Tips and instructions
Source: AlpIndustria Adventure Team
Mountain sickness (miner, acclimuha – slang) is a painful condition of the human body, which has risen to a considerable height above sea level, which occurs due to hypoxia (insufficient supply of oxygen to tissues), hypocapnia (lack of carbon dioxide gas in tissues) and is manifested by significant changes in all organs and systems of the human body.
With the wrong treatment or wrong actions (delayed evacuation down), altitude sickness can even lead to the death of the sick person. Sometimes very quickly.
Since a medical professional is not present in every sports group, in this article we will try to make the symptoms of altitude sickness “recognizable” and the tactics of treatment – understandable and reasonable.
Recommendations from the AlpIndustria Adventure Team.
So at what altitudes should altitude sickness be expected?
At altitudes of 1500-2500 m above sea level, slight functional changes in well-being are possible in the form of fatigue, increased heart rate, and a slight increase in blood pressure.After 1-2 days (depending on the fitness level of the athlete), these changes, as a rule, disappear. The oxygen saturation of the blood at this altitude is practically within the normal range.
With a rapid ascent of to an altitude of 2500-3500 m above sea level, the symptoms of hypoxia develop very quickly and also depend on the fitness of the athletes. When planning a very short time for the acclimatization of the group, which is now far from uncommon, if after a training ascent on the 3-4th day of ascent, a sports group already enters a technically difficult route, the participants may experience symptoms from the nervous system – lethargy on the route, bad or slow execution of commands, sometimes euphoria develops.A calm and modest athlete suddenly begins to argue, shout, behave rudely. In this case, it is very important to immediately check the indicators on the part of the cardiovascular system – hypoxia will be manifested by an increase in the pulse rate (more than 180), an increase in blood pressure (this can be determined by the strength of the pulse wave on the wrists), an increase in shortness of breath (shortness of breath is considered to be an increase in the number of breaths over 30 in 1 minute). If these symptoms are present, the diagnosis of altitude sickness can be made with certainty.
At an altitude of 3500-5800 meters , blood oxygen saturation will be much less than 90% (and 90% is considered normal), therefore manifestations of altitude sickness are more common, and the development of its complications is also often observed: cerebral edema, pulmonary edema.
During sleep, the patient may experience pathological rare breathing (the so-called “periodic” breathing, caused by a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood), mental disorders, hallucinations. A decrease in carbon dioxide in the body leads to a decrease in the frequency of breaths during sleep due to a decrease in the activity of the respiratory center of the brain (when a person is awake, the number of breaths is regulated by consciousness), which further increases hypoxia.This usually manifests itself in the form of attacks of suffocation or even temporary interruptions in breathing during sleep.
In the case of intense physical activity, the symptoms of altitude sickness may worsen. However, a little physical activity is useful, as it stimulates anaerobic metabolic processes in the body and neutralizes the increase in hypoxia in organs and tissues. The need to move in order to overcome it was mentioned by many high-altitude athletes (Reinhold Messner, Vladimir Shataev, Eduard Myslovsky).
Extreme heights include the level above 5800 m above sea level, a long stay at such an altitude is dangerous for humans. High levels of ultraviolet radiation, strong, sometimes hurricane, winds, temperature drops quickly lead to dehydration and exhaustion of the body. Therefore, those who climb to such a height must be very hardy and trained to the effects of hypoxia, must consume sufficient water and high-calorie, quickly digestible foods during the ascent.
At an altitude above 6000 m full acclimatization is even more difficult, in this regard, even many trained alpinists-high-altitude sensations, etc.).
At altitudes of more than 8000 m an unacclimatized person can be without oxygen for no more than 1-2 days (and even then in the presence of a general high level of fitness and internal reserves).The term “Death Zone” (lethal zone) is known – an altitude zone in which the body spends more energy to ensure its own vital activity than it can receive from external sources (food, respiration, etc.). The extreme confirmation of the lethality of altitude is information from aviation medicine – at altitudes of about 10,000 m, a sudden depressurization of the aircraft cabin leads to death, if oxygen is not urgently connected.
How does altitude sickness develop
Most of the processes in our body occur with the help of oxygen, which, when inhaled, enters the lungs, then, as a result of gas exchange in the lungs, enters the bloodstream, and, passing through the heart, is sent to all organs and systems of the human body – to the brain, kidneys , liver, stomach, as well as muscles and ligaments.
With an increase in altitude, the amount of oxygen in the ambient air decreases and its amount in the human blood decreases. This condition is called hypoxia. In the case of slight hypoxia, the body responds to a decrease in the level of oxygen in the tissues, first of all, by an increase in heart rate (increase in heart rate), an increase in blood pressure, and an exit from the hematopoietic organs – depots (liver, spleen, bone marrow) – of a larger number of young erythrocytes, which capture an additional amount of oxygen, normalizing gas exchange in the lungs.
In the mountains, especially high mountains, other factors are added to the decrease in the oxygen content in the air: physical fatigue, hypothermia, and dehydration of the body at altitude. And in case of accidents – also injuries. And if in such a situation the body is not properly influenced, the physiological processes will proceed in a “vicious circle”, complications will join, and the life of the climber may be in jeopardy. At an altitude, the rate of pathological processes is very high, for example, the development of pulmonary or cerebral edema can cause the death of the victim within a few hours.
The main difficulty in diagnosing altitude sickness is primarily due to the fact that most of its symptoms, with a few exceptions (for example, intermittent intermittent breathing), are also found in other diseases: cough, shortness of breath and shortness of breath – in acute pneumonia, abdominal pain and digestive disorders – with poisoning, impaired consciousness and orientation – with craniocerebral trauma. But in the case of altitude sickness, all of these symptoms are observed in the victim either during a rapid ascent to a height, or during a long stay at an altitude (for example, when waiting for bad weather).
Many conquerors of eight-thousanders noted drowsiness, lethargy, poor sleep with symptoms of suffocation, and the state of health immediately improved with a rapid loss of altitude.
General colds, dehydration, insomnia, fatigue, alcohol or coffee also contribute to the development of altitude sickness and worsen well-being at altitude.
Yes, and simply the tolerance of high altitudes is very individual: some athletes begin to feel a deterioration in their condition at 3000-4000 m, others feel great at a much higher altitude.
That is, the development of altitude sickness depends on the individual resistance to hypoxia, in particular from:
- gender (women tolerate hypoxia better),
- age (the younger the person, the worse he tolerates hypoxia),
- general physical training and mental state,
- speed of ascent to height,
- as well as from past “high-altitude” experience.
The geography of the location also affects (for example, 7000 m in the Himalayas are easier to carry than 5000 m on Elbrus).
So how does an athlete’s body respond to a significant decrease in the oxygen content of the ambient air?
Pulmonary ventilation increases – breathing becomes more intense and deep. The work of the heart is enhanced – the minute volume of circulating blood increases, blood flow accelerates. Additional red blood cells are released from the blood depots (liver, spleen, bone marrow), resulting in an increase in the hemoglobin content in the blood. At the tissue level, capillaries begin to work more intensively, the amount of myoglobin in the muscles increases, metabolic processes are enhanced, new metabolic mechanisms are activated, for example, anaerobic oxidation.If hypoxia continues to increase, pathological disorders begin in the body: an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain and lungs leads to the development of severe complications. A decrease in the level of oxygen in the tissues of the brain first leads to disturbances in behavior, consciousness, and subsequently contributes to the development of cerebral edema. Insufficient gas exchange in the lungs leads to reflex stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation and the development of pulmonary edema.
A decrease in blood flow in the kidneys leads to a decrease in renal excretory function – first a decrease, and then a complete absence of urine.This is a very alarming sign, because a decrease in excretory function leads to a rapid poisoning of the body. A decrease in oxygen in the blood of the gastrointestinal tract can be manifested by a complete lack of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In addition, with a decrease in the level of oxygen in the tissues as a result of a violation of water-salt metabolism, dehydration of the body progresses (fluid loss can reach 7-10 liters per day), arrhythmia begins, and heart failure develops. As a result of liver dysfunction, intoxication rapidly develops, body temperature rises, and fever in conditions of a lack of oxygen increases hypoxia (it was found that at a temperature of 38 ° C the body’s oxygen demand doubles, and at 39.5 ° C it increases 4 times).
Attention! At a high temperature, the patient must be immediately lowered down! The miner can add a catastrophic minus to any pathology!
Aggravates well-being and the effect of cold:
- Firstly, in cold weather, the breath is usually short, and this also increases hypoxia.
- Secondly, at a low temperature, other colds (tonsillitis, pneumonia) can join the pulmonary edema.
- Thirdly, in the cold, the permeability of the cell walls is disturbed, which leads to additional tissue edema.
Therefore, at low temperatures, pulmonary edema or cerebral edema occurs and develops faster: at high altitudes and in severe frost, this period, up to death, can be only a few hours instead of the usual 8-12 hours.
The rapid onset of death is explained by the fact that the processes develop according to the principle of a “vicious” circle, when subsequent changes aggravate the cause of the process, and vice versa.
As a rule, all complications in the development of altitude sickness develop at night, during sleep, and by the morning there is a significant deterioration in the condition. This is due to the horizontal position of the body, a decrease in respiratory activity, an increase in the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important not to put a person who is sick with altitude sickness to sleep at a height, and use every minute to transport the victim down .
The cause of death in cerebral edema is compression of the medulla by the cranial vault, wedging of the cerebellum into the posterior cranial fossa.Therefore, it is very important for the slightest symptoms of brain damage to use both diuretics (reducing cerebral edema) and sedatives (sleeping pills), because the latter reduce the brain’s need for oxygen.
In pulmonary edema, the cause of death is respiratory failure, as well as blockage of the airways (asphyxia) by foam formed during pulmonary edema. In addition to this, pulmonary edema with altitude sickness is usually accompanied by heart failure due to overflow of the pulmonary circulation.Therefore, together with diuretics that reduce edema, it is necessary to give cardiac drugs that increase cardiac output, and corticosteroids, which stimulate the heart and increase blood pressure.
In the work of the digestive system during dehydration, the secretion of gastric juice decreases, which leads to loss of appetite, impaired digestion. As a result, the athlete dramatically loses weight, complains of discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, and diarrhea. It should be noted that digestive disorders in mountain sickness differ from diseases of the digestive tract, primarily in that the other members of the group do not observe signs of poisoning (nausea, vomiting).Such diseases of the abdominal organs as perforation of an ulcer or acute appendicitis are always confirmed by the presence of symptoms of irritation of the peritoneum (pain appears when pressing on the abdomen with a hand or palm, and sharply increases when the hand is pulled away).
In addition, as a result of impaired cerebral functions, a decrease in visual acuity, a decrease in pain sensitivity, and mental disorders are possible.
Symptoms
According to the time of exposure to hypoxia on the body, acute and chronic forms of altitude sickness are distinguished.
Chronic mountain sickness is observed in residents of high-mountainous regions (for example, the village of Kurush in Dagestan, 4000 m), but this is already the sphere of activity of local doctors.
Acute mountain sickness usually occurs within a few hours and its symptoms develop very quickly.
In addition, is distinguished by the subacute form of altitude sickness , which lasts up to 10 days. The clinical manifestations of acute and subacute forms of mountain sickness often coincide and differ only in the time of development of complications.
Distinguish between mild , medium and severe degrees of altitude sickness.
For mild mountain sickness is characterized by the appearance of lethargy, malaise, palpitations, shortness of breath and dizziness in the first 6-10 hours after climbing to altitude. It is also characteristic that drowsiness and poor sleep are observed at the same time. If the ascent to the altitude does not continue, these symptoms disappear after a couple of days as a result of the organism’s adaptation to the altitude (acclimatization).There are no objective signs of a mild form of altitude sickness. If these symptoms appear within 3 days after climbing to a height, one should assume the presence of some other disease.
With moderate altitude sickness , inadequacy and a state of euphoria are characteristic, which are subsequently replaced by a decline in strength and apathy. The symptoms of hypoxia are already more pronounced: severe headache, dizziness. Sleep is disturbed: the sick do not fall asleep well and often wake up from suffocation, they are often tormented by nightmares.With exercise, the pulse increases sharply, shortness of breath appears. As a rule, appetite disappears completely, nausea appears, sometimes vomiting. In the mental sphere – lethargy on the route is observed, poor or slow execution of commands, sometimes euphoria develops.
With a rapid loss of height, well-being immediately improves before our eyes.
At severe mountain sickness symptoms of hypoxia affect all organs and systems of the body. The result is poor physical health, rapid fatigability, heaviness throughout the body, preventing the athlete from moving forward.
Headache increases, with a sharp change in body position, dizziness and lightheadedness occur. Due to severe dehydration, the body is worried about strong thirst, there is no appetite, gastrointestinal disorders appear in the form of diarrhea. Bloating and pain are possible.
During a night’s sleep, breathing is disturbed (interrupted breathing), hemoptysis may occur (hemoptysis differs from bleeding by the presence of foamy sputum; gastric bleeding, as a rule, is never associated with a cough, and the blood coming from the stomach looks like “coffee grounds” from for interactions with hydrochloric acid of gastric juice).
On examination of the patient: the tongue is coated, dry, the lips are bluish, the skin of the face has a grayish tint.
In the absence of treatment and going downhill, mountain sickness leads to severe complications – edema of the lungs and brain.
With pulmonary edema in the chest, mainly behind the sternum, moist rales, gurgling, gurgling appear. In severe cases, coughing up from the mouth may produce pink, frothy sputum. The pressure drops, the pulse quickens. If treatment is not started immediately, the patient can die very quickly.It is imperative to give the patient a semi-sitting position to unload the heart and breathing, give oxygen, inject intramuscularly diuretics (diacarb, furosemide) and corticosteroids (dexometasone, dexon, hydrocortisone). To facilitate the work of the heart, tourniquets can be applied to the upper third of the shoulders and hips for 15-20 minutes. If the treatment is carried out correctly, the condition should improve quickly, after which it is necessary to begin an immediate descent downward. If treatment is not carried out, as a result of an overload of the heart, heart failure quickly joins the pulmonary edema: the skin turns blue, severe pains in the region of the heart, a sharp drop in blood pressure, arrhythmia appear.
High-altitude cerebral edema differs from traumatic brain injury, first of all, by the absence of asymmetry of the face, pupils and facial muscles and is manifested by lethargy and confusion of consciousness, up to its complete loss. At the very beginning of development, cerebral edema can manifest itself in inadequate behavior (anger or euphoria), as well as poor coordination of movements. Subsequently, the symptoms of brain damage may increase: the patient does not understand the simplest commands, cannot move, fix his gaze.As a result of cerebral edema, difficulty in breathing and cardiac activity may appear, but this occurs already some time after loss of consciousness. Cerebral edema is relieved by fractional (repeated) administration of diuretics (diacarb, furosemide), the obligatory administration of sedatives or hypnotics that reduce the brain’s need for oxygen, and the obligatory cooling of the victim’s head (lowering the temperature by several degrees reduces brain edema and prevents the development of complications!) …
Prevention of altitude sickness
Climbers and mountain tourists planning ascents and hikes in the mountains should understand that the likelihood of mountain sickness among participants is reduced:
- good informational and psychological preparation,
- good physical fitness,
- quality equipment,
- Correct acclimatization and thoughtful climbing tactics.
This is especially important for high altitudes (over 5000 m)!
– Good informational and psychological preparation
Be a bore in the best sense of the word.Find out thoroughly how dangerous mountains are, how dangerous are heights. Nowadays there is no problem to find any information on the Internet. And if you need an individual consultation with a specialist, then the employees of AlpIndustria are at your service.
– Good general physical fitness (GPP)
Prevention of altitude sickness consists, first of all, in the early creation of a good sports form of an athlete in the phase of preparation for events in the mountains. With good GPP, the athlete is less tired, better resists the effects of cold, all his organs are prepared for high loads, including in the presence of oxygen deficiency.In particular, for athletes planning high-altitude ascents, it is imperative to include anaerobic training in the preparation cycle (running uphill, running with breath holding).
Viktor Yanchenko, guide and head of our office in the Elbrus region, at the top of Elbrus.
One of the most experienced guides on Elbrus. More than 200 ascents to Elbrus.
– Quality equipment
“Correct” clothing, bought in shops focused on mountain sports (“AlpIndustria”), bivouac equipment, equipment for movement in the mountains – all these are factors that will save you from the cold (or heat, which can sometimes even at altitude “ reach “in the sun with calm), will allow you to move quickly and economically, provide a safe and protected bivouac and hot food.And these are the factors of counteracting altitude sickness.
Planning the correct selection of products should also be included in the “equipment” section: light, well-digestible, high-calorie, with good taste. By the way, when choosing products, it is advisable to take into account the taste preferences of each member of the group.
When making high-altitude ascents, it is necessary to take multivitamins (preferably with a complex of trace elements), antioxidants: tinctures of ginseng, golden root, rhodiola rosea, ascorbic acid, riboxin (it is advisable to carry out additional vitaminization of the body in advance, 1-2 weeks before going to the mountains ).Reception of drugs that affect the heart rate (potassium orotate, asparkam) in the mountains is inappropriate due to the occurrence of various forms of cardiac arrhythmias. Be sure to take in the first aid kit means to normalize the water-salt balance (Rehydron) or drink slightly salted water.
Well, you should not forget about other medications in the first-aid kit, just as you should not forget to consult with your doctor about its composition.
– Correct acclimatization and thoughtful climbing tactics
Directly in the mountains, it is important to have good and properly conducted acclimatization, moderate alternation of ascents and descents to the place of lodging with constant monitoring of the well-being of the group members.In this case, you should gradually raise both the height of the base camp and the height of the “peak” lifting points.
You can encounter a situation when a “sportsman” tired of the office finally burst out into nature – into the mountains, in this case – and decides to take a dose of alcohol to relax and “to sleep better”.
So here:
The tragic consequences of such “relaxation” in history, even not so long ago, are known: it does not contribute to acclimatization at all, but on the contrary.
Alcohol, even in small doses, is categorically contraindicated under conditions of hypoxia, since it inhibits breathing, impairs interstitial fluid exchange, increases the load on the heart and increases oxygen starvation of brain cells.
If, nevertheless, the disease has come …
If, when climbing to a height, one of the members of the group feels bad, then in the case of a mild to moderate degree of illness, it can be overcome by smoother acclimatization, without forcing it. That is, go down – come to your senses – go up higher, see how you feel, maybe even spend the night – go down. Etc.
But the main thing is not to miss the symptoms of another disease (see.above).
In case of a severe illness, the victim must be descended immediately, since the condition can worsen dramatically in a matter of hours, and the descent can become dangerous not only for the victim, but also for other members of the group. Maybe even at night …
Treatment of acute altitude sickness therefore begins with the immediate descent of the sick participant to a lower altitude. The best remedy for increasing hypoxia will be to increase the oxygen content in the air along with medications.
Mandatory when transporting a patient with altitude sickness are:
- plentiful drink,
- administration of diuretics,
- with a sharp drop in pressure or deterioration of the general condition – intramuscular administration of corticosteroids.
(Hormones of the adrenal cortex – corticosteroids – have an adrenaline-like effect: they increase blood pressure, increase cardiac output, and increase the body’s resistance to disease).
Taking 1-2 aspirin tablets can give some effect in hypoxia – by reducing blood clotting, it promotes better oxygen delivery to the tissues, but aspirin can be taken only in the absence of bleeding or hemoptysis.
Alcohol under conditions of hypoxia is categorically contraindicated – we have already spoken about this, and in case of illness – we emphasize: CATEGORALLY!
Thus, to save the life of someone with altitude sickness will help:
- first, correct and quick diagnosis of the symptoms of the disease,
- secondly, the use of modern medicines to reduce hypoxia and prevent the development of severe complications,
- third, the immediate descent of the sick participant of the ascent to a height safe for health.
Attention! The group leader must be well aware of the use of medicines in the group medicine cabinet and their contraindications! Consultation with a doctor is obligatory when completing!
Attention! Group members must have an appropriate level of health (admission by a doctor) and notify the leader in case of chronic diseases and allergies!
Attention! One more important point must not be forgotten.It may turn out that the strength and skills of your comrades will not be enough to evacuate you safely and quickly. And so that your relatives and friends do not have to raise funds for a helicopter or the work of professional rescuers, DO NOT FORGET ABOUT THE RIGHT INSURANCE POLICY!
Remember that when preparing to climb, special attention should be paid to whoever you are walking with.
It can be a private guide, working illegally or semi-legally, who will offer a “sweet” price for their services.And in this case, if something goes wrong during the ascent, then who will be responsible for your life, safety and resolution of conflict situations?
Prices for active tours from officially operating tour operators are not much higher than from clubs and private guides. And choosing a company that operates on the market legally, you get a number of advantages:
- Routes and programs carefully designed by professional guides.
- The guarantor of the fulfillment of obligations to you is not an individual, but a company that values its reputation, has financial and legal responsibility to its customers.
- Official payments; a complete package of documents and instructions allowing to cooperate on equal terms and in legal security.
- Guides and experts are rigorously selected for professional training and the ability to work with clients. By the way, AlpIndustria together with FAR (Russian Mountaineering Federation) is the organizer of the international school of mountain guides in Russia. Education at the School is conducted according to the International Standard IFMGA / UIAGM / IVBV. Our country is supervised by the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides (ACMG).And the school graduates work in the AlpIndustria Adventure Team.
In any case, the choice is yours.
Good and safe ascents for you!
AlpIndustria Adventure Team at Mera-peak
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90,000 Altitude adaptation. How does the human body adapt to life in the mountains
Frankly speaking, the body of an average person is extremely poorly adapted to the conditions of high mountains.Evolution clearly did not create us for this. The formation of the biological appearance of Homo sapiens did not occur at the transcendental Himalayan heights – in some miserable hundreds of meters above sea level. Therefore, our body tolerates only a small range of atmospheric pressures, and human life at altitudes from 2500 meters runs into a number of problems. With increasing altitude, atmospheric pressure decreases exponentially. For example, at an altitude of five thousand meters, it is only about half of the normal pressure at sea level.As the total air pressure drops, the pressure of each of its components (partial pressure), including oxygen, decreases. This means that a climber at a five-kilometer height with every breath will get half the oxygen than a boring man living at sea level.
View of Mount Everest. Its height is 8848 meters above sea level. Photo: ValentinoPhotography / Photodom / Shutterstock
Most often climbers are faced with acute mountain sickness – the author of these lines has experienced its symptoms.The mechanism of its development has not yet been fully understood, but it probably has common roots with another dangerous enemy of climbers – high-altitude cerebral edema.
Under conditions of low atmospheric pressure and lack of oxygen (hypoxia), a chain of processes occurs in the brain that leads to impaired blood circulation, mild edema and an increase in intracranial pressure. To one degree or another, mountain sickness appears in almost all climbers, and most often its symptoms disappear after a few days. If it comes to high-altitude cerebral edema, the climber’s life is in mortal danger and an immediate evacuation is required.
Another truly paradoxical altitude sickness is high-altitude pulmonary edema. Nature is always economical, and the mechanism of hypoxic vasoconstriction (scientifically – vasoconstriction) works in our body to optimize the blood supply to the respiratory organ. With a different position of the body, different parts of the lung can be compressed and receive less air. If some part of the lung lacks oxygen, then the vessels in it contract. Ideally, this should lead to a redistribution of blood flow between areas of the lungs and provide the body with a maximum supply of oxygen in any situation.This is what happens at normal atmospheric pressure. And in the mountains, during acute hypoxia, this mechanism leads to a convulsive contraction of the entire vascular network of the lungs, which further complicates the already difficult extraction of oxygen from rarefied air. At the same time, vasoconstriction raises the pressure in the vessels, forcing blood plasma to leak through the capillary walls. As it fills the lumens of the alveoli, it foams with each breath and reduces the effective lung volume. High-altitude pulmonary edema is extremely life-threatening and overtakes an average of 4% of climbers above 4500 meters.
Mount Kankar-Punsum. Its height is 7,570 meters above sea level. Probably the highest unconquered peak in the world. Photo: Gradythebadger / Wikipedia
Red blood cells, erythrocytes, are a key component of the body’s oxygen transport system. It is they, or rather the protein hemoglobin, with which they are crammed to the eyeballs, that captures oxygen in the lungs, carries it throughout the body and gives it to the tissues in the capillaries of our organs. After one to two weeks of being at an altitude, the number of erythrocytes, and hence the hemoglobin content in the blood, increases.At the same time, its oxygen capacity and human resistance to hypoxia grow. But until now the phenomenon of rapid acclimatization remained unclear. Why is it often that only a few days spent at a height are put on the feet of a person suffering from acute mountain sickness? A recent article published in the Journal of Proteome Research, sheds light on this process. It turns out that all the most exciting events in these first few days at altitude occur not outside, but inside our erythrocytes.
Physiologists have long known that hemoglobin binds oxygen more efficiently in a more alkaline environment (with an increase in pH value), and oxygen release occurs better with an increase in acidity (low pH). Carbon dioxide, dissolving in the blood, gives a weak carbon dioxide. In this case, carbon dioxide is formed in the tissues, and is removed from the body in the lungs with exhalation. It turns out that a large amount of carbon dioxide in the tissues makes hemoglobin give oxygen more readily, and its low concentration in the lungs, on the contrary, stimulates hemoglobin to capture oxygen.This effect is called the Bohr effect by physiologists. It works great at sea level, but in the mountains this graceful natural mechanism starts to fail. With altitude, the air pressure, and hence the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in it, rapidly drops. Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, and the blood is alkalized. Hemoglobin begins to give up bound oxygen in tissues worse and worse. The way out of this situation is obvious: you urgently need to acidify the blood, or at least the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Research has shown that this is how it happens.
If the erythrocyte is in a state of normoxia, that is, it is normally supplied with oxygen, the decomposition of glucose in it proceeds along the pentose phosphate pathway. This path is a cascade of biochemical reactions, due to which the substance NADPH • is synthesized – a very valuable reducing molecule. It is necessary for the erythrocyte to repair the constantly oxidized cell membrane. Indeed, a huge stream of an aggressive oxidant – oxygen – continuously passes through the membrane, literally charring its phospholipid molecules.
Volcano Elbrus is the highest mountain peak in Russia and Europe. Its height is 5642 meters above sea level. Photo: LxAndrew / Wikipedia
In parallel, there is another major metabolic pathway – glycolysis, which generates energy and produces an acid metabolic product – lactic acid. However, with normoxia, it is maximally inhibited. This is due to the fact that the enzymes necessary for its implementation are firmly bound to the membrane protein, which has a strange name – the anionic transport protein of band 3 (it is called so because when erythrocyte proteins are separated by gel electrophoresis it was found in the third band ).
And now the owner of our erythrocytes is in the highlands, and he begins to lack oxygen – hypoxia. As soon as there is enough oxygen-free hemoglobin in the cell, it interacts with the protein in lane 3, releasing glycolysis enzymes, which begin to break down glucose into lactic acid. The very next day after climbing to an altitude, this shift begins to slowly but surely increase the content of lactic acid in the cell, compensating for the lack of carbon dioxide and forcing hemoglobin to better give oxygen to the tissues.By the beginning of the third week at altitude, these metabolic changes reach a plateau, and the climber’s acclimatization can be considered complete.
In general, the uniqueness of the highlands is that it put a person in difficult conditions, to which it was absolutely impossible to develop cultural adaptation. Warm clothes, a roof over your head and a fire in the hearth are simple and provide excellent protection from cold and bad weather. But what about the lack of oxygen? Gas cylinders and pressure chambers offer a high level of technology that has become available only in the last 100 years.But the restless evolution has always been difficult to confuse. And where technology was powerless, ruthless natural selection came to the rescue. Thousands of years of high altitude living have provided the indigenous peoples of mountainous regions with unique mechanisms of resilience.
The most studied are the Andean and Tibetan types of adaptation. The indigenous population of the Andes – the Quechua and Aymara Indians – have more lung capacity, and the respiratory rate at altitude is lower than that of the aliens from below. In comparison with the inhabitants of the plain and even with the Tibetans, there are much more red blood cells in their blood, which carry oxygen, and therefore hemoglobin.This allows their blood to more efficiently capture oxygen in the lungs and carry it to the tissues.
A Quechua woman on salt terraces in the Peruvian Andes. Photo: Christian Vinces / Photodom / Shutterstock
Genetic analyzes show the heredity of these traits, but at the same time they are all very similar to the changes occurring in the human body, recently settled in the highlands. Quechua and Aymara came to the Andes about 11 thousand years ago. This time was barely enough for the beginning of evolutionary processes.This “superficial” type of adaptation has led to the fact that Quechua and Aymara feel at altitude much more confident than the inhabitants of the plain. But at the same time it brought its own problems. Among the indigenous population of the Andes, there is a high prevalence of a condition called chronic mountain sickness (not to be confused with acute!). The high content of red blood cells in the blood leads to its thickening and increases the pressure in the vessels of the lungs. The already moderate rate of respiration, characteristic of Aymara and Quechua, decreases with age, leading to a constant lack of oxygen and an even greater increase in the hemoglobin content.Chronic mountain sickness appears only during long life in the highlands, usually in old age, and disappears when moving down.
Much deeper adaptations were found among the highlanders of Central Asia. It turned out that Tibetans and ethnically close to them Sherpas have a sharply increased respiratory rate. At the same time, contrary to expectations, their hemoglobin is only slightly increased – 16.9 g / 100 ml, while the norm is 13-15 g for a person at sea level. At the same time, compared to ordinary people, their tissues produce almost twice as much nitric oxide – one of the main vasodilating factors in the human body.That is why their capillary bed is much wider than that of residents of lower regions. And most importantly, it helps them avoid one of the main physical problems of all climbers – hypoxic vasoconstriction. Normally, for most Tibetans and Sherpas, this reflex, fatal for climbers, does not work at all. Therefore, high-altitude pulmonary edema is rare in them.
Porter in Nepal. Photo: Rickson Davi Liebano / Photohouse / Shutterstock
Research shows that the indigenous people of Tibet and the Himalayas migrated to these places about 25,000 years ago.This evolutionary time was already enough to adapt their organisms to the harsh mountain conditions at a qualitatively better level than that of the Andean Indians. Studies of the genome of Tibetans have shown that they have peculiar variants of the genes EGLN1, PPARA and EPAS1, encoding proteins that are involved in the maturation of new red blood cells. EPAS1 turned out to be another most important gene of this series. The Tibetan variants of these genes appear to block excess red blood cell production without causing chronic altitude sickness.However, the most exciting thing was revealed in the analysis of single-nucleate polymorphisms – differences in the structure of a gene for a single nucleotide. It turned out that the Tibetan variant of the EPAS1 gene, associated with a reduced hemoglobin content in the blood, is unique and coincides with the variant of this gene found in the Denisovan genome. The same mysterious hominid, whose finger phalanx was found in the Denisova cave in Altai and who managed to leave his mark on the Melanesian genome and, as we now know, helped the Tibetans to adapt to the harsh mountain conditions.
Dmitry Lebedev
US Visa Application | Photos and fingerprints
Photos & Fingerprints
On this page:
General
As part of the DS-160 application filling and submission process. on the issuance of a nonimmigrant visa is the transfer of a photograph of the applicant to the website. You must also take a printed copy of the photo with you to the US Embassy or Consulate for your interview.Your fingerprints are taken during your interview at the US Embassy / Consulate.
Removing fingerprints
Part of your visa interview is to have your fingerprints taken at the US Embassy / Consulate. During the visa application process, usually during an interview, a quick digital fingerprint scan is performed without the use of ink. A number of applicants, including the individuals listed below, are not required to be fingerprinted:
- Applicants entering the United States on behalf of government authorities.
- Applicants under the age of 14 and over the age of 79.
Digital Photography Requirements
A photograph for a visa must meet certain requirements for the size and quality of the image. Submitting a photo that does not meet the specified requirements may slow down the processing of your visa application. Photo must have been taken within the last 6 months. If you are applying for a new visa instead of an expired one, then you need to take a picture again and provide a new photo.
Even if an inappropriate photo is accepted by the electronic application system, a new photo must be submitted for the visa application.
Head size
The height of the head image (from the top, including hair, to the bottom of the chin) should be 50-70% of the height of the photograph. The eye level line should be 55–70% from the bottom of the photograph (i.e.that is, approximately 2/3) of its height.
Photo dimensions
Photo must be square (length is equal to width). The minimum photo resolution is 600 x 600 pixels (height x width). The maximum photo resolution is 1200 x 1200 pixels (height x width).
7 conditions for a good photo
- Head position
Head position is an important factor in obtaining a good visa photo.The entire face must be included in the picture. Keep your head straight when taking the picture and look at the camera without blinking.
What and how should be displayed in the image
The picture should show the entire head, from its upper part with hair to the lower edge of the chin. In a good photograph, the height of the head should be 25–35 mm, which corresponds to 50–70% of the height of the image. See example below.
Head centering
The head should be in the center of the picture. Open eyes
The eyes in the photograph must be open. The eye line should be 2/3 of the photograph’s height (28–35 mm, about 60%) from the bottom of the photograph.
Do not take pictures with glasses. From November 1st, 2016, such photos will not be accepted. More information on photography requirements is here: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/photos.html
Background
The background should be blank and the color should be white or off-white. It is recommended to be photographed against a white or nearly white background.
Shadow Removal
Sit with your face fully illuminated. Shadows from foreign objects should not fall on the face and background.
Relax and try to look natural
Make sure you have a natural expression on your face.See example below.
Additional information
For more information on visa photography requirements, visit the Department of State’s website.
The Department of State has posted answers to frequently asked questions about photographs on this page.
Instruction for the patient with epilepsy | Ministry of Health of the Chuvash Republic
First aid for epileptic seizure
Patient with epilepsy.Advice for patients and their relatives.
Introduction
The first mention of epilepsy in the writings of Hippocrates more than 2000 years ago. The name epilepsy comes from the Greek word meaning literally “to possess”, “to seize.”
Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain, characterized by repeated, spontaneous (unprovoked) seizures in the form of impaired motor, sensory, autonomic, mental or mental functions resulting from excessive discharges of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex.Epilepsy can occur at any age, but it is more common in childhood and the elderly. This is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system, occurring in 0.5-1% of the population of developed countries. This means that about 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a treatable brain disease, a number of errors and warnings associated with the diagnosis of epilepsy are still widespread in society. Patients still experience the burden of social stigmatization, which is especially characteristic in those countries where modern knowledge about epilepsy is not widespread in society and in the medical environment.Patients are faced with limitations in various spheres of life, including when looking for a job, in the learning process. Often, in order to avoid social stigmatization, patients hide the diagnosis, which can lead to irreparable consequences that threaten the patient’s health and life.
At present, on average, 65-70% of patients may experience complete cessation of seizures. In this case, lifelong therapy is not always required, and in many cases, gradual withdrawal of the drug is possible in the future.The quality of life of patients with epilepsy has also significantly improved.
Helping the patient during an attack.
1. If the patient has a premonition of an attack, should he take the necessary safety measures? Lie on a bed or on the ground, away from traumatic objects, loosen your tie (for men). The child should be placed on a flat bed or on the floor, and tight clothing, especially at the throat, should be unbuttoned or loosened to clear the airway. Outside the home, the child must be moved to a safe place (away from water, traffic, sharp objects and corners), put something soft under his head (for example, a rolled up jacket, jacket).It is necessary to protect the patient from injury, especially head injury.
2. If a seizure attack occurs suddenly and the patient does not anticipate it, he himself cannot protect himself from injury, and precautions must be taken after the onset of the attack. During an attack, the patient should not be carried, except when he may be in danger, for example, on the roadway, near a fire, on stairs or in the water.
3. In case of increased salivation and vomiting, the patient must be placed on his side so that he does not choke.This should be done gently, without using force.
4. Do not try to hold the patient by limiting his movements. Also, you do not need to try to open the patient’s mouth, even if the tongue is bitten: this can lead to injury to the teeth, mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue. Remember that when the head is on the side, tongue retraction never occurs and recommendations for unclenching the jaws, pulling out and even fixing the tongue are not justified and harmful. Such a dangerous complication of an attack, such as retraction of the tongue, leading to asphyxia and death, occurs only in the case of the position of the head face up with the head thrown back.In no case do not allow such a position of the head!
5. It is necessary to wait until the seizure is over, being close to the patient and carefully observing his condition in order to correctly and fully describe the manifestations of the seizure to the doctor.
It is very important to note the time when the attack began, since the duration of an attack or a series of attacks approaching 30 minutes means that the patient enters a life-threatening condition – status epilepticus – a dangerous condition requiring urgent hospitalization and intensive care.
After an attack, the patient falls asleep. In this case, you do not need to disturb him in order to enable the nerve cells, exhausted from the attack, to recover. It is necessary to stay close to the patient and wait until the post-attack period ends and consciousness is fully restored.
6. During an attack, you should not try to restrain and restrict the convulsive movements of the patient, using force. Also, you cannot unclench the jaws clenched by a spasm with your own hands or with a hard object. You can not water the patient with water, do artificial respiration.It is also not recommended to try to wake the patient up after an attack by shaking him, tapping him, letting him smell pungent odors, or using any other methods.
7. Most of the attacks end on their own and last for a short time (a few seconds or minutes). Convulsive seizures usually stop spontaneously after 1-3 minutes, and therefore usually the patient does not need the help of a doctor. However, if the duration of the attack exceeds 5 minutes, it is necessary to call a doctor, intramuscular or intravenous administration of the drug is required to stop the attack.
Safety rules for patients with epilepsy.
People with epilepsy should try to lead a normal life, avoiding excessive unjustified restrictions. However, it is necessary to observe a number of safety measures, especially while maintaining seizures with loss of consciousness.
The patient should not be without insurance at a height, at the edge of the platform of railway stations, near a fire and near water bodies!
Household safety rules.
1. All sources of ignition must be adequately covered and heating appliances must be removed to a safe place.
2. If a child sometimes has sudden (without aura) convulsive seizures, you can put plastic rounded plates on the corners of the furniture.
3. Whenever possible, doors, especially of the bathroom and toilet, should open outward so that a fallen child does not block the door. Also, latches and locks from the inside are undesirable.
4. A child should take a bath at a shallow water level and always in the presence of an adult.The water should not be very hot. The shower must be fixed high and secure.
5. Sometimes the patient is advised to wear special protective equipment, helmets.
Provoking factors for the onset of seizures.
Seizures usually occur without precursors (spontaneous, random) and are completely unpredictable. However, in some patients, seizures are triggered by certain situations (for example, flickering light, restriction of sleep, stressful situations, intense feelings of fear or anger, taking certain medications or alcohol, hyperventilation).If factors that provoke the onset of seizures are identified, they should be avoided, this will lead to a decrease in the frequency of seizures.
Lifestyle recommendations for patients with epilepsy.
1.Sleep. A patient with epilepsy needs to sleep a sufficient number of hours a day, to avoid disturbances in the rhythm of sleep, early or abrupt awakenings. It is necessary to select a mode of operation that meets this requirement, since in many patients, sleep restriction provokes the onset of seizures.It is necessary to avoid physical and mental overload, correctly alternate work and rest.
2.Power supply.
Must be complete and contain sufficient vitamins and minerals. A special “ketogenic diet” has been developed as a method of treating resistant and severe forms of epilepsy, but it is used only according to indications, under the supervision of a doctor in specialized medical centers.
3. Alcohol.
Increases the frequency and severity of seizures, as well as intensifies the side effects of antiepileptic drugs, therefore, a complete cessation of alcohol consumption is necessary!
4.Sport .
Professional sports are excluded for patients with epilepsy. However, patients with epilepsy can and should go in for sports (physiotherapy exercises), observing certain rules and restrictions (especially when seizures persist). Prohibited are sports related to climbing (mountaineering), speed sports, contact martial arts (for example, boxing), water sports. Cycling, rollerblading, seiteboarding or skating is possible with full seizure control or aura and only with protective gear such as a helmet and knee pads; at the same time, it is necessary to avoid busy streets and squares, roads with heavy traffic.Sports activities associated with climbing to a great height and the danger of falling, as well as dangerous sports equipment while seizures persist should be excluded. In patients with seizures provoked by hyperventilation, it is dangerous to engage in those sports in which hyperventilation is expressed (i.e. deep and rapid breathing).
A child should only bathe with adults who can provide immediate assistance with the initial manifestations of an attack (loss of coordination, focus, or slowing down of movements).Swimming is possible only in cases of persistent drug control of seizures, in the presence of an instructor who is aware of the disease and is able to provide assistance.
Yoga, qigong and tai chi – oriental systems, including physical and psychological exercises, as well as controlling the depth of breathing, can be useful for patients with epilepsy.
Rules to be followed by an epileptic patient when watching TV:
1. A child should not watch TV for more than 1-1.5 hours
2.The distance to the TV should be as far as the room allows (at least 2 meters)
3. Mandatory additional lighting of the room to reduce the light contrast
4. The TV set must be color with a softly adjusted contrast and a high scanning frequency (100Hz)
5.To control the TV, you need to use the remote control
6.To reduce the effect of flickering when viewing flickering pictures, flashes need to close one eye
7.You should not watch TV if the patient did not get enough sleep, is tired or does not feel well enough
Rules to be followed by an epileptic patient while working or playing on a computer:
1. The duration of work / play on the computer should not exceed 1-1.5 hours with a mandatory break every 30 minutes for 10-15 minutes, which are necessary to rest the eyes
2. The distance from the eyes to the monitor must be at least 35 cm for 14-inch screens
3.Additional room lighting is mandatory to reduce light contrast
4. Glare from windows and other light sources should not fall on the monitor
5. The monitor is preferably liquid crystal
6. It is impossible to view fine details of the image at close range.
7. It is necessary to remove other monitors and TVs from the field of view
8. Do not look, work / play on the computer if the patient does not sleep enough, is tired or does not feel well
It must be remembered that not only televisions and computers, but also natural phenomena (bright glare on the water, sparkling snow on a sunny day, alternating light and shadow, for example, when looking from the window of a moving train at the flickering of tree trunks on sunset) – such phenomena are often found in nature, they can also provoke in patients with photosensitivity.
For intensive light stimulation, it is recommended to close one eye.
Wearing sunglasses helps on sunny days.
Photos from open sources
90,000 how and when to call an ambulance for a child
Some parents think about whether to call an ambulance at a high temperature, and some call 03 at the slightest discomfort. Experts identify seven main reasons for calling an emergency medical service to a child:
1.Breathing problems (shortness of breath)
The essence of shortness of breath is a violation of the supply of a sufficient amount of oxygen to the body, and an attempt to compensate for this violation with more intense breathing. Dyspnea most often develops due to foreign body aspiration (inhaled and choked), bronchial asthma, upper respiratory tract infection, or pneumonia. Signs of shortness of breath include coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing (especially puffing out of the wings of the nose, and using the chest and neck muscles to breathe), grunting, interruptions in speech, or blue skin.
Ø The child’s respiratory rate is more than 50-60 breaths per minute
Ø The child has severe cyanosis around the mouth
Ø These symptoms do not improve over time, or even get worse.
2. Bone fracture
In most cases, parents can easily deliver the child to the emergency department on their own.
Ø The child is writhing in pain, you cannot relieve it with antipyretic syrup or suppository
Ø A piece of bone sticks out just under the skin
Ø Injury to the head or neck
Ø The child’s level of consciousness is changed (for example, excessively inhibited).
3. Severe dehydration
The most common causes of severe dehydration are vomiting and / or diarrhea. Not every vomiting or diarrhea requires a call to the emergency medical service, it is usually sufficient to give the child water frequently and fractionally, compensating for the loss of fluid and salts.
Ø The child does not answer you, or does not answer adequately
Ø The child writhes with severe cramps and unrelenting abdominal pain (this may indicate appendicitis, kidney stones, and other dangerous conditions).
4. A seizure attack
In infants and preschoolers, a rapid rise in temperature can cause febrile seizures. Most seizures associated with fever are not an emergency. Convulsions without fever usually have a more severe prognosis.
Ø The attack lasts more than three to five minutes
Ø The child has difficulty breathing or turns blue
Ø After the seizure seizure stops, the child cannot return to his normal mental state.
5. Falls
Falling from great heights is especially dangerous for the head, spine or internal organs. If you suspect a head injury, talk to your child and make sure he answers the questions adequately.
Ø The child has vomited more than once after an injury.
Ø He loses consciousness
Ø The child complains of numbness or tingling in the body
Ø You have reason to suspect damage to internal organs
Ø You have reason to suspect a neck or spine injury.In case of possible injury to the neck or spine, do not try to move your child. Ambulance personnel will fix the spine before transporting the child to the hospital.
6. Cuts and bleeding
If your child starts bleeding, apply pressure to the wound, wait for the bleeding to stop and assess the extent of the damage. Children who need stitches generally should not call emergency medical services – they may very well be brought to the emergency room by their parents.
Ø Your child has a bleeding disorder
Ø You cannot stop the bleeding.
7. Suspected poisoning
In this situation, an ambulance should be called immediately as soon as you find symptoms of poisoning: vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, confusion. If you realize that the child has gotten to the medication and has swallowed any of them, call an ambulance and look for medicine packs.You will need to tell the doctors the name of the drug and the approximate amount the child could have swallowed.
What are degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc?
Closer to the age of 20-25, when the human body reaches biological maturity, natural age-related changes begin to occur in the intervertebral discs. Discs begin to gradually coarse, lose moisture and elasticity. Seals on the discs cause their height to decrease over time.As a consequence of this, the axial elasticity of the spine as a whole decreases, and a decrease in the gap between the vertebrae causes compression of the lateral nerve roots. Loss of height of the intervertebral disc can also trigger the formation of bony growths (osteitis and bone spurs), which can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots, causing them to compress.
These changes could have gone unnoticed if not for the formation of hernial protrusions of the discs – one of the most dangerous and complex diseases of the spine.Frequent spinal injuries due to excessive loads when lifting weights, sharp turns of the body and head, sharp flexion-extension lead to rupture of discs and formations of hernial protrusions, which put pressure on the spinal cord and its roots, cause pain and other symptoms, such as weakness muscles of the neck, back, limbs, or tingling in them. Long-term neglect of the symptoms of root and spinal cord compression can lead to disability.
The main signs of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the spine:
- Radicular pain syndrome (radiculopathy) caused by a hernial protrusion of the intervertebral disc, against the background of a pronounced decrease in the patient’s activity and ability to work.
- Radiculopathy caused by the invasion of osteophytes into the lumen of the spinal canal.
- Dysfunction of the spinal cord and spinal roots in the form of paralysis and loss of organ function due to hernial disc protrusion (myelopathy).
- A noticeable, reliable decrease in the height of the gap between the vertebral bodies, revealed on the roentgenogram.
As a rule, in such cases, conservative therapy against these manifestations is ineffective, and patients with pain in the lumbar spine, not receiving relief from conservative therapy, are forced to turn to surgeons with their chronic and recurrent forms of the disease.The indication for urgent surgical treatment in these cases is considered to be, in addition to severe pain, gross neurological disorders: switching off the sensitivity of the limbs, a sharp drop in the muscle strength of the arms and legs, the loss of some organs of their functions (for example, urinary incontinence).
Symptoms of spinal stenosis
Symptoms of spinal stenosis manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the location and severity of the stenosis. In 95% of cases, they are represented by severe pain, in 71% of cases – by impaired sensitivity, in 33% of cases, paralysis of the limbs is possible.
One of the characteristics of stenosis of the spinal canal of the lumbar region in 90% of cases is the shortening of a possible long walk on foot due to the sharp manifestation of the above symptoms. Often of this kind, the gross discomfort that occurs during walking spreads to the gluteal region and thighs and forces the patient to stop moving. In this case, the patient is further unable to take even a few steps.
The indicated range of symptoms noticeably decreases when the trunk is tilted forward, when sitting on a chair or in the supine position, since in this case the spinal canal is released.When bending forward, the pressure on the posterior edge of the intervertebral disc decreases, the size of the protrusive protrusion decreases, and as a result, the pressure on the nerve structures decreases. So, for example, cycling in the case of spinal stenosis does not have any particular problems. However, if you straighten your back, lean back, you will create pressure on the posterior edge of the intervertebral disc, the protrusive (hernial) protrusion of the disc will increase, additional narrowing of the spinal canal will occur, and the pain sensations, accordingly, will intensify.
Treatment
Decompression surgery is widely used to relieve irritated nerve bundles and compressed spinal cord. The degree of intervention in this case depends on the characteristics that are inherent in different patients. However, in order to prevent re-narrowing of the spinal canal, it is precisely decompression in the damaged part of the vertebra and effective stabilization of the state to maintain mobility is required.
Surgical approaches for different cases are as follows:
- Decompression.During the decompression procedure, the vertebral arch, bone spurs, thickened ligaments and joints, bulging or sagging intervertebral discs that put pressure on nerve structures can be removed by a surgeon on one or more vertebral segments.
- Decompression with rigid stabilization / fixation. The surgical decompression procedure can subsequently cause instability of the vertebrae at the site of intervention. To prevent it, the technique of combining the vertebrae with a submerged screw structure can be used.This technique is called transpedicular fixation / stabilization (TPF) surgery. The operation of installing TPF systems requires a lot of operating time, complex equipment in the operating room and a great burden on the staff and the patient. The union of the vertebrae with a metal structure firmly and rigidly limits their mobility.
- Decompression with interspinous stabilization using the Coflex® implant. Installation of the Coflex® (Coflex) implant ensures the stability of the spine at the decompression site without rigid union of the vertebrae.Moreover, the Coflex® implant (Coflex), in addition to ensuring the stability of the spine, allows you to maintain movement in the operated area, as well as the normal height of the lumen between the vertebrae.
How to sleep properly on an orthopedic pillow?
The orthopedic pillow supports the spine in the correct position, improves blood circulation and overall health. Sleeping on it is pleasant and useful. But orthopedic models are so different – in the shape of a crescent, a wave, a roller.How to sleep on them correctly? About this in the article.
The content of the article
- Healthy Sleep Rules
- How to lie on a pillow?
- Types of orthopedic pillows
- Tips for choosing a pillow
- Conclusion
- Catalog
Healthy sleep rules
To sleep soundly all night long, you need to follow a few rules:
- The pillow should support the natural curve of the neck so that the head does not tilt back.
- The temperature should be comfortable – 18-22 degrees. Before going to bed, it is advisable to ventilate the room. In a hot stuffy room, it is difficult to fall asleep, in the morning from a lack of oxygen, a headache can be felt.
- Blackout curtains will create darkness in the room. It is essential for sound sleep.
- Try to go to bed and get up at the same time. In this case, you will fall asleep quickly.
- Move more during the day. Physical inactivity is a serious enemy of sound sleep.
How to lie on a pillow?
- General rules are: the pillow does not hang from the bed, so it cannot be wider than the mattress.
- Only the head and neck should lie on the pillow. The shoulders remain on the mattress.
- If you want to put your hand under the pillow, it means that it is too low. Normally, such a desire should not arise. Try to take the model higher.
- Do not sleep on two pillows at once – the head will be thrown back too high, this disrupts blood circulation in the brain.
- If you toss and turn a lot in your sleep and cannot find a comfortable position, try lying on your side, slightly bending your legs and putting a roller or a blanket folded several times between them. In this position, the hips are in balance, finding a comfortable position and falling asleep becomes easier.
Can’t sleep? Try to lie like this.
Types of orthopedic pillows
Until now, many people think that an orthopedic pillow must necessarily have a wave shape.This is not really necessary. The main thing is that the cervical spine is in the correct position, the vessels and nerves are not pressed. Products of different shapes can cope with these functions.
Classic
You can turn around on such a pillow as you like.
Traditional shape that has been used for centuries. Not every classic model is orthopedic, but only from natural latex, memory, soy foam and some other materials. They adapt to the contours of the body, when the load is removed, they quickly restore their original shape.
Models made of feather, artificial swan down or holofiber cannot constantly maintain the physiological shape of the cervical bend. When changing the position of the body, they become denser, require periodic mechanical whipping, therefore they are not orthopedic.
The rectangular pillow is universal, you can sleep on it on your back, stomach or side. Most people stay awake all night in one position, but turn and change position. On the universal rectangular model, you can turn it as you like.
Here are the TOP-3 popular models:
- Perrino Milfoil – double layer model. Inside there is a crumb with a memory effect, and on top – a memorial foam monolith. The crushed filler moves freely inside the product, which helps to find a comfortable posture. The memory layer on top follows the shape of the neck and head.
- FreeDream Fresh C
from several types of foams created on the basis of soy extract. On the one hand, the foam has a cooling effect; it is especially pleasant to sleep on in the hot season.The material on the back is created using essential oil, so it has a light, subtle scent of wild orange. It soothes the nervous system and helps you fall asleep. - Ormatek Latex Soft
based on natural latex. The resilient filler is perforated across the entire surface, so it easily lets air through, shrinks and adjusts to the shape of the head. Sleeping on latex is very convenient and healthy – it has antibacterial properties and creates a healthy bed microclimate.The cover is flat on top, and relief on the bottom, which has a micro-massage effect. By turning the pillow over, you can choose which side is more comfortable to sleep on today.
Pillow with two rollers of different heights
Models with two rollers of different heights the most popular
On the roller, the neck bends and takes the correct position. For sleeping on your back and on your side, the side with a high bolster is suitable. If you like to fall asleep lying on your stomach, turn the model over with a narrow roller towards you, wide towards the head of the bed.
You can turn the pillow with bolsters of different heights depending on the sleeping position
Models with rollers are a popular type of orthopedic pillow.
Top three most bought:
- Dreamline Massage
A budget option from ekofena. The pillow not only supports the neck and head in the correct position, but also has a light massage effect. Sleeping on an embossed surface improves blood circulation. The aloe vera-impregnated case has an antibacterial effect. - SkySleep Termogel Ergo
The model from the memory sensitively adjusts to the contours of the sleeping person’s body, does not squeeze soft tissues. The top layer with cooling gel removes excess heat from the top layer into the interior of the product. Sleeping on a cool surface is not only pleasant, but also useful – the head does not overheat, the skin of the face remains young for longer. - Tempur Original Queen Medium
Luxurious quality model made in Denmark from Tempur material. It is an advanced memory that changes its shape depending on pressure and temperature.It adapts perfectly to the shape of the body, supports the spine in the correct position, does not squeeze blood vessels. If there are any health problems (for example, osteochondrosis), then sleeping on a tempur pillow helps relieve pain.
The cover is removable, easy to wash.
Wave-shaped pillow supports the spine in the correct position
Cushion with shoulder recess
On a pillow with a recess for the shoulder, it is comfortable to sleep on your side
The model will especially appeal to people who like to sleep on their side, because in this position the head is high above the level of the bed and needs support.Do you need this pillow if you want to fall asleep not on your side, but, for example, on your back? Of course, no one sleeps in just one position every night. You can lay the pillow on the side that does not have a notch and sleep however you want.
The best option for sleeping on the side.
Crescent shape
Pillow for the road and not only
Traditionally, the crescent-shaped model is perceived as a travel pillow. It prevents the head from falling when a person sleeps while sitting. But this is not the only function.It is convenient to rest on it while sitting or lying down for those people who have neck pain (for example, after a long work at the computer). Even a short rest relaxes the neck and improves blood circulation. Crescent-shaped pillows are often made from materials with increased orthopedic properties – natural latex and memory.
Take a crescent-shaped pillow on the road
Rectangular with a recess in the center
The pillow with a depression in the center will become your favorite.
The recess in the center is for the head.Even if a person is constantly spinning in his sleep, the pillow will support the head in a physiologically correct position, the neck will be correctly bent. This favorably distinguishes a pillow with a notch in the center from a traditional rectangular down pillow – on it the correct sleeping position and preservation of the physiological curves of the neck are not guaranteed.
Ideal for people who sleep on their back.
Great pillow for sleeping on your back
Tips for choosing a pillow
When choosing, pay attention to your favorite sleeping position.If you love to lie on your side, a model with a shoulder cutout will suit you. You know that only sleep on your back – opt for a model with a notch in the center. The waveform orthopedic model is versatile, suitable for any position.
The choice of material is a matter of taste. Someone likes to sleep on the memorial, and someone on latex or soy foam, we will tell you about the difference in materials below.
Pillow dimensions
The standard sizes of rectangular models are 70×70 or 50×50 cm, in the waveform – 40×60 cm.The choice depends only on your personal preferences; the width and length of the product do not affect the orthopedic properties.
Height is more important. Excessively high or low models will not be able to support the neck and head in a physiologically correct position. To determine the correct height, measure from your neck to your shoulder joint. If the mattress is very soft, you can turn it down a centimeter or two.
The standard height of the product for women is 11-13 cm, for men 13-15 cm.
If you sleep on your side, you can opt for a higher model, on your stomach – at a lower one.
Sleep position
A healthy person can go to bed and wake up on his stomach, back, on his side. The sleeping position on the stomach is the most controversial – the sleeper turns the neck 90 degrees, which can lead to impaired blood flow. In addition, body weight puts pressure on the internal organs in the abdominal cavity, this can also be a problem. Therefore, it is still advisable to sleep on your side or on your back.
Whichever model you choose, only the neck and head should rest on the pillow.The shoulders are on the mattress.
| Sleep pose / pillow shape | Rectangular | With head recess | With rollers | With shoulder recess |
| Back | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Side | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | |
| On the stomach | ✅ | ✅ |
Fillers
Latex
Natural filler based on the sap of the Hevea tree.One of the most durable materials, its service life exceeds 10 years. Slightly springy and creates a pleasant surface. It quickly restores its shape after removing the load.
Memori-forms
Foam reacts to temperature and pressure, without resistance it takes the shape of the human body, does not press on soft tissues. One gets the impression of sleeping in zero gravity, so well the material supports the neck and head.
Soya Foam
Foam based on raw materials from soybeans. Made in Spain.Material pleasant to the touch with good orthopedic properties. There are several types of soy foams. Solid Foam is a dense elastic material, Neropur is an anti-stress foam with a neroli scent, Viscool is like a memory.
Cooling Gel
Conducts heat from the surface into the interior of the product. This keeps the head on a slightly cool surface and does not overheat. Most often, a cooling gel will coat memory or soy foam models.
Ecopena
Ecopena is a budget analogue of natural latex.Eco foam models are well ventilated, do not accumulate dust inside. They are washable and therefore easy to keep clean. Often, the foam is not smooth, but a relief surface with a massage effect.
Drawing conclusions
Orthopedic pillows are different – in the form of a wave, square, with a recess for the shoulder. When choosing a model, consider your favorite sleeping position, model height and the quality of the fillings. If you sleep in different positions, you can turn the pillow over or buy multiple items.
Call 8 800 700-05-34 and we will tell you how to choose the right pillow.
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