What makes the STX Super Power Plus unstrung lacrosse head stand out. How does its innovative design enhance player performance. Why is it considered the lightest and most powerful head in STX’s lineup.
Introducing the STX Super Power Plus: A Game-Changing Lacrosse Head
The STX Super Power Plus unstrung lacrosse head represents a significant leap forward in lacrosse equipment technology. Engineered to be STX’s lightest and most powerful head ever designed, it combines cutting-edge materials with innovative features to enhance player performance on the field.
All Climate Performance: Durability Meets Versatility
One of the standout features of the Super Power Plus is its incorporation of All Climate Performance (ACP) technology. This proprietary material allows the head to maintain its shape and resist breaking in extreme temperature conditions, both hot and cold. But what exactly does this mean for players?
- Consistent performance in varying weather conditions
- Increased durability and longevity of the head
- Reduced need for equipment adjustments during play
The ACP technology not only enhances the head’s durability but also pushes the boundaries of weight reduction. This combination of strength and lightness gives players a significant advantage in terms of maneuverability and control.
C-Channel Technology: Strength Without the Weight
Another innovative feature of the Super Power Plus is its C-Channel technology. Strategically implemented along the bottom rail of the head, this design element maintains structural integrity without adding unnecessary weight. How does this benefit players?
- Improved balance and feel during play
- Enhanced durability in high-stress areas
- Optimized weight distribution for better control
The C-Channel design allows players to experience the benefits of a robust lacrosse head without sacrificing agility or speed on the field.
Maximized Forward Cant: Elevating Ball Retention
The Super Power Plus features a maximized Forward Cant design, which significantly improves ball retention. This architectural choice has several advantages for players:
- Increased pocket depth for better ball control
- Improved ability to maintain possession during checks
- Enhanced accuracy in passing and shooting
By optimizing the head’s geometry, STX has created a product that gives players more confidence in their ability to control the ball, even in high-pressure situations.
Flexible Design and Island Ball-Stop: Enhancing Feel and Performance
The Super Power Plus incorporates a flexible design coupled with STX’s Island ball-stop. This combination offers players several benefits:
- Improved ball feel for more precise control
- Enhanced “snap” when releasing the ball
- Better responsiveness during cradling and ball movement
These features work together to provide players with a more intuitive and responsive lacrosse head, allowing for quicker reactions and more precise play.
Stringing Options: Customization for Every Player
Understanding that each player has unique preferences, the Super Power Plus includes multiple stringing holes. This design choice offers a variety of stringing options, allowing players to customize their pocket to suit their individual playing style. How does this benefit players?
- Ability to create a personalized pocket shape and depth
- Flexibility to adjust string tension for optimal performance
- Option to experiment with different stringing patterns
This level of customization ensures that players can fine-tune their equipment to match their specific needs and preferences on the field.
Regulatory Compliance: Meeting NCAA and NFHS Standards
For competitive players, it’s crucial to use equipment that meets official regulations. The STX Super Power Plus is designed to comply with both NCAA and NFHS rules, making it suitable for use in official competitions at various levels. This compliance ensures that players can confidently use the Super Power Plus without worrying about equipment violations.
Key Regulatory Features:
- Dimensions within approved specifications
- Appropriate sidewall design
- Compliant scoop and throat construction
By adhering to these standards, STX has created a high-performance lacrosse head that can be used across multiple levels of play, from high school to collegiate competitions.
The Iconic Power Family: Building on a Legacy
The Super Power Plus is part of STX’s renowned Power family of lacrosse heads. It incorporates signature elements that have made this line popular among players, including:
- The distinctive single sidewall brace
- A scalloped scoop for improved ground ball pickup
- Optimized weight distribution for enhanced control
These features, combined with the latest technological advancements, make the Super Power Plus a worthy addition to the Power family legacy.
Evolution of the Power Series
To understand the significance of the Super Power Plus, it’s helpful to look at how it builds upon its predecessors:
- Original Power Head: Set the standard for offensive-minded players
- Super Power: Introduced improved durability and ball control
- Super Power Plus: Incorporates ACP and C-Channel technologies for unparalleled performance
This evolution demonstrates STX’s commitment to continuous innovation and improvement in lacrosse equipment design.
Performance Benefits: How the Super Power Plus Enhances Play
The combination of features in the Super Power Plus translates to tangible benefits on the field. Players using this head may experience:
- Improved shot accuracy due to enhanced ball control
- Faster passing and catching thanks to the optimized scoop design
- Better ball retention during aggressive play
- Reduced fatigue due to the lightweight construction
- Increased confidence in equipment performance across various weather conditions
These performance enhancements can contribute to a player’s overall effectiveness and enjoyment of the game.
Player Feedback and Reviews
While individual experiences may vary, early feedback from players using the Super Power Plus has been overwhelmingly positive. Common praise includes:
- “Noticeable improvement in shot accuracy and power”
- “Excellent ball feel and control during cradling”
- “Impressive durability, even in rough play conditions”
- “Versatile stringing options allow for personalized pocket setup”
These testimonials highlight the real-world impact of the Super Power Plus’s innovative design features.
Comparing the Super Power Plus to Competitors
In the competitive landscape of lacrosse equipment, how does the STX Super Power Plus stack up against other high-end unstrung heads? While each player’s needs and preferences may differ, the Super Power Plus offers several advantages:
- Lightweight design without sacrificing durability
- All Climate Performance technology for consistent play in varying conditions
- Versatile stringing options for customization
- Compliance with official regulations for competitive play
These features make the Super Power Plus a strong contender in the premium lacrosse head market.
Price Point and Value Proposition
When considering the Super Power Plus, it’s important to evaluate its price in relation to its features and benefits:
- Premium pricing reflective of advanced technologies and materials used
- Long-term value due to durability and performance consistency
- Potential for improved play that may justify the investment for serious players
While the Super Power Plus may represent a significant investment, its combination of features and performance benefits can offer excellent value for dedicated lacrosse players.
Maintenance and Care: Maximizing the Lifespan of Your Super Power Plus
To ensure optimal performance and longevity of the STX Super Power Plus, proper maintenance is essential. Here are some tips for caring for your lacrosse head:
- Regularly inspect for signs of wear or damage
- Clean the head after each use to remove dirt and debris
- Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
- Avoid leaving in extreme temperatures for prolonged periods
- Re-string as needed to maintain optimal pocket performance
By following these maintenance guidelines, players can extend the life of their Super Power Plus and ensure consistent performance over time.
Warranty and Support
STX stands behind the quality of the Super Power Plus with a comprehensive warranty. Players should familiarize themselves with the warranty terms, which typically cover:
- Manufacturing defects
- Material failures under normal use
- Specific duration of coverage from date of purchase
Additionally, STX offers customer support for product-related inquiries and issues, ensuring that players can get the most out of their Super Power Plus lacrosse head.
The Future of Lacrosse Head Design: Implications of the Super Power Plus
The introduction of the STX Super Power Plus represents more than just a new product; it signals potential shifts in the future of lacrosse equipment design. Some implications to consider:
- Increased focus on climate-adaptive materials in sports equipment
- Growing emphasis on weight reduction without compromising strength
- Continued innovation in customization options for players
- Potential for new regulatory standards based on advancing technologies
As manufacturers like STX push the boundaries of what’s possible in lacrosse head design, players can expect to see ongoing improvements in equipment performance and durability.
Potential Future Developments
Looking ahead, we might anticipate further advancements in lacrosse head technology, such as:
- Integration of smart materials that adapt to playing conditions
- Enhanced customization through 3D printing or modular designs
- Development of eco-friendly, sustainable materials for equipment production
- Implementation of data-tracking capabilities for performance analysis
These potential developments could further revolutionize how players interact with and benefit from their lacrosse equipment.
Conclusion: Is the STX Super Power Plus Right for You?
The STX Super Power Plus unstrung lacrosse head represents a significant advancement in lacrosse equipment technology. With its innovative features such as All Climate Performance material, C-Channel technology, and maximized Forward Cant, it offers players a combination of lightweight design, durability, and performance enhancement.
For players seeking a high-end lacrosse head that provides excellent ball control, customization options, and consistent performance across various playing conditions, the Super Power Plus is certainly worth considering. However, as with any equipment choice, it’s important to consider your individual playing style, preferences, and budget when making a decision.
Ultimately, the Super Power Plus stands as a testament to STX’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of lacrosse equipment design. Whether it’s the right choice for you will depend on your specific needs as a player, but there’s no doubt that it represents an exciting step forward in the evolution of lacrosse head technology.
Player Equipment Unstrung moowr.com STX Lacrosse Super Power Plus Unstrung Lacrosse Head
Player Equipment Unstrung moowr.com STX Lacrosse Super Power Plus Unstrung Lacrosse Head
Black : Sports & Outdoors, the Super Power Plus includes multiple stringing holes for a variety of stringing options as well as a maximized Forward Cant for optimal ball retention. making it the lightest head in our line, All Climate Performance, STX’s first head engineered with ACP, The Super Power Plus is ‘s lightest and most powerful head ever designed. In addition, Meets NCAA and NFHS rules, : STX Lacrosse Super Power Plus Unstrung Lacrosse Head. and C-Channel technologies, Built with All Climate Performance material the Super Power Plus keeps it’s shape and resists breaking in hot and cold temperature extremes, Black : Sports & Outdoors, The Super Power Plus also features C-Channel technology along the bottom rail to maintain strength without adding weight. Scalloped Scoop and the Power family’s iconic single sidewall brace.
ACP maintains head shape in all climates while pushing the boundaries of weight. C-Channel – strategic use along the bottom section maintains strength in a key area without adding weight, : STX Lacrosse Super Power Plus Unstrung Lacrosse Head. Flexible design for additional ball feel and snap through STX’s Island ball-stop.
STX Lacrosse Super Power Plus Unstrung Lacrosse Head
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STX Lacrosse Super Power Plus Unstrung Lacrosse Head
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Tennis Warehouse – Solinco Hyper-G 16/1.30 String Review
Hyper-G was perfectly low-powered for our team; it enabled us to execute our most powerful strokes without having to worry about overhitting, but it never felt underpowered. Even more impressive for Michelle was the fact that it delivered such a high level of control without the harsh feedback that is often found with firm control strings. She commented, “I really enjoyed the control from this string. I had heard great things about Hyper-G before I had a chance to hit it, so I was hoping my experience would live up to the hype. Luckily, it exceeded my expectations. I liked that it was lower powered and firm, but not super stiff and uncomfortable. I love pairing powerful racquets with lower powered strings to gain some control, and Hyper-G was just what my game needed. Plus, my arm never suffered.
I could hit out and was rewarded with a controlled response. There was just the right blend of power from my racquet and control from the strings, so I was getting enough mass and depth to dictate points and put balls away.”
“Low on power, high on control — this was my kind of string!” said Chris, who was more than a little impressed with this string’s response. “I really enjoyed the response of Hyper-G. I could take a full cut at the ball without fear of overhitting. I absolutely hate missing, so any string that helps boost my consistency even more gets my attention. Hyper-G fit the bill and offered superb control with just enough power when I needed it. I found no need to adjust my tension and found the string worked well at my regular tension choice of 55 lbs in the Prince Original Graphite 107 and Babolat Pure Drive Plus, and at 48 lbs in the Prince Extreme Warrior 107. I really enjoyed the way this string played in each of those racquets.”
With its four sharp edges, Hyper-G gave our team great bite and easy access to spin.
Although it wasn’t the best spin string he has ever hit, Chris was able to bring the ball down very effectively with this co-poly. He said, “I was able to get some solid spin on the ball with this string. Did it blow my mind with its grip? Not absolutely, but I was getting enough spin to get the ball to do what I wanted. Combined with the great control, the spin I was getting made it possible for me to be even more aggressive with my targeting. I was still finding a high level of consistency. When rallying from the baseline I was able to get some nice loop on my shots. My slice shots were also biting nicely. I didn’t get quite the spin I get from a string like Y-Tex Quadro Twist, but I wasn’t that far off.”
Our resident flat ball hitter, Michelle, got plenty of bite and ball rotation from this shaped co-poly. She explained, “Spin is never a huge part of my game, but I appreciate spin potential in a string when I am hitting big, and the ball seemed to dip back into the court when I thought I had overhit.
There are also a few shots in my repertoire that tap into more spin, and I definitely notice what a string has to offer then. I love hitting short backhand angles, especially in doubles, and I could really attack those balls with spin with this string. I really liked Hyper-G was when I needed the spin; it added extra RPMs to my rally ball, making those shots a bit heavier and harder for my opponents to deal with.”
With its rigid monofilament construction and firm composition, Hyper-G is built for control, not comfort. However, for our team, this string managed to be surprisingly forgiving. Michelle, who likes to test the upper limits of her racquet’s tension range, was impressed. She said, “I had no comfort issues at all during this playtest. There are some firmer Solinco strings (and other brands) out there that cause me some arm discomfort when I get the tension up into the high 50s/low 60s, but that wasn’t the case with this string. I tested it in several different racquets, including the Wilson Pro Staff RF 97 Autograph, Babolat Pure Aero Tour and Pure Drive Plus, none of which is known to be a ‘soft’ racquet.
During several weeks of playtesting this string the comfort was never an issue for me.”
Also having no issues with discomfort was Chris, who said, “I found Hyper-G to be one of the more forgiving Solinco poly strings I’ve hit. It felt softer than Tour Bite, and I had no comfort issues throughout the test. Off-center shots never felt overly jarring. The high level of control also meant I could string Hyper-G even lower for increased comfort if desired.”
Our team had zero problems with the feel of Hyper-G. It was firm enough to deliver great control and predictability, but it never felt overly stiff or unforgiving. Chris said, “I felt like I was getting decent ball pocketing out of this string. I liked the way the ball sunk into the stringbed and I felt very connected to my shots. The string also offered enough comfort without feeling overly soft and mushy. The feel was definitely more modern co-poly for me. While older co-poly strings offer a crisper response, they don’t feel as forgiving as Hyper-G.
“
“Honestly, this string didn’t feel super soft to me, but it felt comfortable,” said Michelle. “It never felt mushy, but it also didn’t feel super plush like a Polyfibre TCS, which can get too soft over time. It did feel softer than Tour Bite, but it wasn’t so soft that it was really powerful. I would say it was a medium firm string. I felt connected to the ball, and the string felt predictable even when I hit outside the sweetspot.”
Hyper-G posted very impressive scores for tension maintenance in our Tennis Warehouse University String Lab. This bodes well for big hitters who want a poly that doesn’t “bag out” and lose its magic after a couple sessions. Chris was impressed, saying, “I could get a solid three weeks of play out of a set of Hyper-G. At that point I was ready to cut it out. I only tested the 16 gauge, but I’m going to hit the 18 gauge version to see if I can get some enhanced playability and enough durability for three weeks of hitting.
“
Although she ultimately had to cut Hyper-G out, Michelle gave Hyper-G an above average score for playability duration. She said, “This string held up very well for a co-poly, but as is typical for me, I felt it getting a little springy around the third week, and I was ready to restring.”
Electric Guitar Strings, Acoustic Guitar Strings, Bass Strings, and Guitar Accessories
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From budding guitarists to seasoned professionals, Ernie Ball has the strings and accessories that are right for your level and sound.
Ernie Ball strings are crafted in Coachella Valley, California using premium materials such as bronze, M-steel, titanium, cobalt, nickel,bronze aluminum, nylon, phosphor, stainless steel, and copper. Our guitar strings come in hundreds of combinations of gauges, materials, and set numbers.
Just search the electric guitar strings, acoustic guitar strings, or bass guitar strings pages to figure out what guitar strings to buy for your guitar or bass. Try the original Slinky guitar strings, the world’s #1 electric guitar string. For over 50 years, Ernie Ball Slinky electric guitar strings have been the favorite of musicians across the globe. Or try out the newest addition to the family, Flatwound Bass strings that have the tone of a roundwound and the feel of a flat. For acoustic players, try our classic Earthwood guitar strings. They are the most popular acoustic guitar strings and provide a crisp, ringing sound with pleasing overtones.
You can buy more than just guitar strings.
We also manufacture all of the gear you need to get started or complete your guitar rig: guitar picks, pedals, straps, instrument care products, pegwinders, slides, and more. Once you find the strings that are right for you, we have all of the guitar accessories to keep them in top condition and more products to help you in your pursuit of the perfect sound.
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What Tension Should You String Your Tennis Racquet At?
When choosing your tennis racquet of choice, much of it boils down to personal preference and feel.
One area where that’s certainly the case is string tension, as there are so many permutations for both the type of tennis string you are using and the tension you string it at.
The pro tour further reinforces this as if you’ve ever seen behind the scenes in the stringing room at a major tournament; you’ll see string tension requests from players are wide-ranging.
Some ATP players string in the 30-lbs range, while others are as high as 70 lbs. The others find themselves somewhere in the middle.
But how do you go about finding the right tension? What impact does string tension have on the racquet and your game? Let’s take a look.
A Quick Primer on String Tension
Whenever a tennis racquet is strung, be it at the factory to be sold as a pre-strung frame or by your local stringer, a specific tension is applied to both the cross and main strings.
This tension measures weight being applied to the string as it’s pulled through the racket by the stringing machine and expressed in either kilograms or pounds.
Before stringing commences, a racquet technician will set the stringing machine at the required tension. Usually specific to what the player has requested or in the middle of the range recommended for the racquet if unsure.
Then as the stringer begins pulling strings through the frame, the machine will pull every string to the appropriate tension.
While I won’t go into detail about the different types of stringing machine and their efficacy, it’s worth noting that although a calibrated machine will pull a string to the pre-determined tension, the real tension of the finished racquet will typically be slightly lower due to slight tension loss in the installation process.
Tension loss can occur through friction when pulling cross strings, slippage in the clamps and when tying off the knots when the job is complete.
What Are Some Typical Tension Ranges?
All tennis racquets come with a recommended tension range from the manufacturer. This is both for optimal performance and to ensure you don’t string at too high a tension, which will severely deform the frame or even crack it.
You can see the tension ranges for five racquets that feature in my best tennis racquets guide, and they all fall in a very similar ballpark:
What Effect Does String Tension Have on the Racquet?
From a physics perspective, string tension impacts two variables:
- Dwell Time
- Coefficient of Restitution
Dwell time is the length of time the ball stays on the strings. The coefficient of restitution measures the elasticity of the collision between the ball and the racquet (a higher COR means more elasticity (liveliness).
In turn, these affect the feelings a player has in terms of power, control and stress on the body. But this is where there is no real exact science of what is best as it boils down to personal preference.
For one, the relationship between string tension and coefficient of restitution is not linear, especially on differing head sizes of racquets which is why you see some string players string at 70lbs and others at 40lbs.
Lower String Tensions
The lower the string tension, the longer the dwell time. This results in an increase in power due to the so-called trampoline effect and more energy being returned to the ball. While negligible in raw miles per hour terms, it will result in the ball landing deeper in the court compared to an identical shot played with a higher tension.
It will also increase comfort due to a reduction in stringbed stiffness, which affects the torque and vibrations felt by the wrist, elbow, and shoulder.
Lower tensions give you:
- More Power (or depth)
- More Comfort
- More Durability (although not always the case)
- More Feel
But on the flip side:
Higher String Tensions
While the general principle that low tension gives more power is quite easy to prove, the claim that higher string tensions give more control is harder to explain.
Is it because higher strings make spin easier? Or simply the fact players must swing harder (in turn producing more spin) to hit with sufficient depth when their racquets are strung tighter?
As is always the case, there is certainly plenty of anecdotal evidence that players feel more control when using a high string tension, and there’s likely enough of it to say, yes, higher string tensions do produce more control.
This study from Dr Simon Goodwill has some interesting takeaways, but from the other bits we can piece together, the ball is flattened more with a tight racquet, so topspin is easier to produce.
This is particularly true on smaller head sizes because an off-centre hit will deform the string bed less than it would a larger head size racquet. Pete Sampras is a good exponent of this; he could generate amazing topspin on his second serve using his heavy, 85 square inch racquet, tightly strung (75 lbs ?) racquet.
Ultimately, spin gives greater control, and greater spin is possible with tight strings.
Higher tensions give you:
But on the flip side:
- Less Durability
- Less Power
- Less Comfort
Side note: Polyester strings like Babolat RPM Blast strung at lower tensions produce a snapback that also impacts topspin.
String Tension and Durability
Another area where string tension and its relationship to the racquet isn’t clear cut is how it impacts durability. Does high tension increase durability? Or does low tension prevent the string from being stretched beyond its limits and therefore last longer?
The general line of thinking is that lower tensions allow the strings to move more freely and notch each other faster. This is true for certain strings, but from my experience, it’s not a golden rule.
Much of it depends on the type of the string and whether it’s in a hybrid setup. Polyester strings, for example, tend to last far longer at lower tensions.
From my own experience, strings at higher tensions still move freely, which, combined with the increased friction, can lead to earlier breakage than lower tensions.
My advice is not to let durability play much of a role in the string tension you choose. If durability is a concern, think more about the type of string you use rather than focusing on tension.
Which String Tension Should You Choose?
Before deciding on string tension, ideally, you want to know what you are looking for in your game and how you want your racket to perform accordingly.
For example, if you’re physically strong and wielding a sledgehammer type racquet like Stan Wawrinka, then you’d most likely choose to string at a high-ish tension rather than a low tension. Chances are you don’t need an additional boost in power by lowering the tension only to see the trampoline effect send the ball into the fence.
On the other hand, a player who isn’t as powerful or an older player that would like some free power from the racquet might benefit enormously from a power orientated string at a low string tension.
The best way is to experiment and a good starting point in the middle of the recommended range from the manufacturer.
So if you have a Pure Strike that recommends between 52 and 62 lbs, string it at 57 lbs. However, there a couple of further recommendations below depending on what type of string you are using,
- Synthetic gut, natural gut or multifilament string: Start at the middle (or 2lbs above) of the recommended tension range that’s printed on your racquet.
- Polyester or kevlar: String 2 lbs below the middle of the recommended tension range that is printed on your racquet.
Once you have a baseline, you can experiment more if you feel that something wasn’t quite right.
Try not to make drastic changes, such as stringing at the loosest tension possible or going super high if the middle of the range didn’t feel right.
Subtle tweaks are more likely to help you find the right tension, whereas drastic changes can often leave you feeling even more confused about what works and what doesn’t.
If you have two matching racquets, you could even experiment from the word go with slightly differing tensions.
But do make sure you have the same string in both racquets, and you strung them at the same time.
String Tension and Arm Problems
As mentioned above, lowering the string tension means a racquet will be more comfortable to play with due to reduced stringbed stiffness.
So if you are suffering from wrist, elbow or shoulder problems, dropping the tension can be a quick fix to help preserve your arm.
If you have just developed a twinge in the arm, tweaking the tension would be my recommended first port of call.
Over the years, I’ve heard of players seeing instant results without needing to make wholesale changes to their equipment. All from a slight drop in tension and re-stringing more frequently as strings lose their properties over time.
If your problems persist, then the type of string and the racquet itself (stiffness, balance, weight and grip size can all be factors) play a part in comfort, so you may need to make more significant changes.
Some strings well suited to arm friendliness are natural gut, like Babolat VS Touch and some soft multifilaments that offer comparable comfort, like Tecnifibre X-One Biphase.
Should I String My Racquets at Different Tensions?
Suppose you’re a player who is playing in league tennis or competitively. Chances are you are taking multiple racquets to court. Many players carry at least two, but it’s not uncommon to see four, five or six racquets in someone’s bag.
The main reason for this is that a player breaks a string; it’s not just game over. However, many players choose to string some of their racquets a few kilograms or pounds tighter for added control or lower if they feel like they need more power.
This can be due to the opponent, how they are feeling on the day, or the conditions.
The video below from Tennis Spin is a good explanation of why a player might carry four racquets with differing tensions:
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How Climate Effects String Tension Choice
Outdoor or indoor, arid or humid climate all impact how the ball reacts through the air and off the string. Depending on the climate, this can either slow down or accelerate the ball, so it can be worth tinkering with your tension to match the conditions.
For most players, this will be when they head indoors for winter tennis, where the elements are not at play, and you generally get a faster-paced game. Many players choose to string a few lbs higher indoors to establish more control.
Also, remember that the types of string you use can react differently to changes in weather and temperature. Natural Gut, for example, suffers from moisture in the air and the weather, as does multifilament.
Polyesters suffer more from colder temperatures.
A rigid string plus cold ball makes it difficult to accelerate the ball. If you have ever played outside on a winters day, you’ll notice the balls feel completely lifeless.
String Tension and the Court Surface
The court surface you play on should also play a part in the tension you choose. For example, on the pro tour, the change to the clay season sees most professional players mostly adjust the tension of their string by decreasing it by 2 to 4 lbs.
On clay, the ball will absorb the dust and is heavier, while on indoor hard court, for example, the felt wears quickly, and the ball becomes smoother over time and is lighter and faster.
In general, on the slower surfaces, it is advisable to reduce the tension by a couple of pounds to compensate for the heaviness of the ball, the slowdown of the game and the fact it takes more effort to hit winners. During the transition to a faster surface or indoors, you should re-add the pounds you removed on clay to regain control.
Tension Loss
As soon as a racquet is strung, it will lose tension before it goes anywhere near a tennis ball. It’s said that strings can lose up to 10% within 24 hours.
So if you string at 55 lbs but don’t plan to use your racquet for a week, then it will have lost quite a bit of tension by the time you finally play.
If you were to play amazingly, you might think that 55lbs is the sweet spot. So you restring again at 55lbs, only this time play the same day, but you feel underpowered as the tension loss is not as significant.
This is why some players ask their racquet stringers to string their racquets at set times before matches on the pro tour. For example, Ron Yu of Priority 1 will try to keep the timing consistent throughout the tournament.
So if Federer played the night session starting at 8 pm, Yu might string 5 hours before play. If he wins and the next day Federer had a 12 pm start, Yu would be up at 5 am stringing to keep that consistency.
One other way to avoid some tension loss is to pre-stretch strings before stringing. Federer has his string pre-stretched, and this is done by looping the string around something like a door handle and then pulling it tight with your body weight.
Finally, each type of string loses tension at different rates, with some like natural gut and multifilament strings tending to do a better job at maintaining their tension. In contrast, polyester strings typically don’t perform as well with tension maintenance.
Personally, if I know I’m not going to use the racquet for a couple of days and don’t really feel like re-stringing it again for a couple of weeks, I push the tension up a few kilos so that by the time I hit with it, it’s not dropped way below the tensions I like.
What String Tension Do the Pros Use?
Interested in what tensions some of the pros string at? I’ve compiled a selection below to show how some of them differ.
Do remember:
- Most pros will vary their tension slightly based on the conditions, as we discussed above.
- Pros are often using pro stock racquets that aren’t matching the specs of the retail frame they endorse, so you can’t just copy their tension. Even Roger Federer’s racquet, which is virtually identical to the retail RF97, has a few tweaks, such as power pads which slightly elongate the main strings.
Roger Federer
| Racquet | Wilson Pro Staff RF97 |
| Mains | Wilson Natural Gut 16 |
| Crosses | Luxilon ALU Power Rough 17 |
| Tension | M: 27 kg / 59.5 lbs C: 25.5 kg / 56.2 lbs |
I’ve also covered Roger Federer’s string tension in-depth for those interested in some of his other stringing quirks.
Rafael Nadal
| Racquet | Babolat Pure Aero 2019 |
| Mains | Babolat RPM Blast 15 |
| Crosses | Babolat RPM Blast 15 |
| Tension | M: 25 kg / 55 lbs C: 25 kg / 55 lbs |
Novak Djokovic
| Racquet | Head Graphene 360 Radical Pro |
| Mains | Luxilon ALU Power 17 |
| Crosses | Babolat VS Touch 17 |
| Tension | M: 29 kg / 63. 9 lbs C: 28 kg / 61.7 lbs |
Kei Nishikori
| Racquet | Wilson Ultra 95 Countervail |
| Mains | Wilson Natural Gut 16 |
| Crosses | Luxilon Element 16 |
| Tension | M: 17.7 kg / 39 lbs C: 16.8 kg / 37 lbs |
Jack Sock
| Racquet | Babolat Pure Aero VS |
| Mains | Luxilon ALU Power Rough 17 |
| Crosses | Luxilon ALU Power Rough 15 |
| Tension | M: 15.9 kg / 35 lbs C: 15.9 kg / 35 lbs |
Please note: I’ve used the racquet names the players endorse, not the moulds they use. Djokovic is not using a 100 sq” frame when he plays; his tension would not be the number I have provided if he were.
How To Check String Tension
For checking the tension of your racquet, there are a couple of tools on the market that can help you.
The first is a tool used before you actually string and relies on you having a stringing machine.
This calibration tool fits onto your stringing machine and uses a spring to check you are pulling the tension you’ve set the machine to.
This is usually less of a concern on a constant pull electric machine, but it can be worth checking on crank machines as the springs weaken over time.
The second tool is a tension testing tool; these help technicians and players measure string tension after a racquet is restrung.
You can get analogue type devices, electric ones and even apps that work via acoustics. Some tools to check out include:
Final Thoughts
Changing the string tension in your racquet can be a powerful tool for your game when done correctly, and that little bit of fine-tuning can help you find a winner just when you need it or that bit more control to stay in a rally.
Just remember changing tension is no magic bullet and won’t clear up deficiencies in technique, fitness or poor equipment choice in general.
Finally, there is no right or wrong answer when it comes to what tension you should use. I wouldn’t recommend blindly copying the professional players unless you have flawless stroke mechanics and have matched all their specs based on the pro stock frame.
I’d suggest starting in the low to mid-50s and seeing how that feels for the average club player. Just remember that the tension loss will occur pretty quickly and that 55lbs will soon turn in 50lbs, so your preferred tension will depend on how often you are prepared to restring your racket.
Have questions about string tension or feel like there’s something I’ve missed or got wrong? Let me know in the comments below.
| Type of String | Re-String Price |
| Babolat VS Team Natural Gut 17 | $60. 00 |
| Babolat VS Touch Natural Gut 16 | $60.00 |
| Babolat Tonic + Ball Feel Natural Gut 16 | $48.00 |
| Babolat Tonic + Longevity Natural Gut 15L | $48.00 |
| Babolat Xcel Premium 16 and 17 | $34.00 |
| Babolat Attraction 16 and Attraction Power 17 | $25.00 |
| Babolat Syntronic Brio 16 and 17 | $26.00 |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 16 and 17 | $30.00 |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane 16, 17 and 18 | $26.00 |
| Babolat Ballistic Polymono 16 and 17 | $22.00 |
| Babolat Conquest 16 and 17 | $21. 00 |
| Babolat Super Fine Play 16 and 17 | $19.00 |
| Babolat Hybrid – Pro Hurricane and VS Touch | $40.00 |
| Babolat Hybrid – Pro Hurricane and Xcel Premium | $30.00 |
| Dunlop Max Comfort 16 and 17 | $25.00 |
| Dunlop Synthetic Gut 16 | $19.00 |
| Gamma Live Wire Professional 16 and 17 | $35.00 |
| Gamma Live Wire XP 16 and 17 | $30.00 |
| Gamma Live Wire 16 and 17 | $28.00 |
| Gamma TNT Fat Core 16 and 17 | $29.00 |
| Gamma TNT2 15L, 16, 17 and 18 | $25.00 |
| Gamma Marathon 15L, 16 and 17 | $23. 00 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut 15L, 16, 17 and 18 | $19.00 |
| Head Perfect Power 16 | $29.00 |
| Head Perfect Control 16 | $30.00 |
| Head FiberGel Power 16 and 17 | $25.00 |
| Head ETS 16 and 17 | $30.00 |
| Head FXP 16 and 17 | $28.00 |
| Head FXP Power 16 and 17 | $ |
| Head C3 Rocket | $ |
| Head UltraTour 16L and 17 | $28.00 |
| Head IntelliTour 16 and 17 | $28.00 |
| Head IntelliString 16L | $27.00 |
| Head FiberGel Blend 16 | $25. 00 |
| Head Synthetic Gut 16 | $21.00 |
| Head Synthetic Gut PPS 16, 17 and 18 white and gold | $21.00 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Turbo 17 | $25.00 |
| Luxilon Big Banger ALU Power 16L | $32.00 |
| Luxilon Big Banger 5 Star 15L | $32.00 |
| Luxilon Big Banger Timo 122 | |
| Luxilon Big Banger Timo 110 | |
| Luxilon Ace 18 gold | |
| Prince Premier w/Softflex 16 and 17 | $30.00 |
| Prince Lightning XX 16 and 17 | $24.00 |
| Prince Lightning Power 16 and 17 | $25. 00 |
| Prince Pro Blend 16 and 17 | $26.00 |
| Prince TopSpin Plus 16 | $22.00 |
| Prince TopSpin 15L | $22.00 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut w/Duraflex 16, 17 and 18 | $20.00 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut Original 16 | $19.00 |
| Tecnifibre Multifeel 16, 17 | $28.00 |
| Tecnifibre NRG2 16, 17, 18 | $32.00 |
| Tecnifibre Pro Red Code 16, 17 | |
| Tecnifibre TGV 16, 17 | |
| Tecnifibre X-One Biphase 16, 17, 18 | $35.00 |
| Tecnifibre XR3 16, 17 | |
| Yonex Tour Super 850 Pro Spin 16 | $25. 00 |
| Wilson Natural Gut 16 and 17 | $60.00 |
| Wilson NXT Tour 16, 17 and 18 | $35.00 |
| Wilson NXT Max 16 | $32.00 |
| Wilson NXT OS 16 | $32.00 |
| Wilson NXT 16 and 17 | $30.00 |
| Wilson Reaction 16 and 17 | $28.00 |
| Wilson Champions Choice | |
| Wilson Natural Duo | |
| Wilson NXT Duo | |
| Wilson Sensation Duo | |
| Wilson Sensation 16 and 17 | $25.00 |
| Wilson Stamina 16, 17 and 18 white | $20. 00 |
Please give us| String | Material | Gauge | Stiffness (lb/in.) | Tension loss (lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head Intellistring 17 (Cross) | Polyolefin | 1. 28 | 136 | 15.14 |
| Head Intellitour 17 (Cross) | Polyolefin | 1.28 | 136 | 15.14 |
| Isospeed Platinum 16 (Cross) | Polyolefin | 1.27 | 138 | 16.62 |
| Head Protector 16 (Cross) | Polyolefin | 1.31 | 140 | 15.77 |
| Head Intellitour 16 (Cross) | Polyolefin | 1.33 | 143 | 14.77 |
| Head Perfect Power 17 | Nylon | 1.22 | 144 | 14.8 |
| Gamma Professional 18 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.22 | 144 | 15.15 |
| Alpha Gut 2000 18 | Nylon | 1.21 | 146 | 14.67 |
| Ashaway Dynamite 17 | Zyex / Nylon | 1.24 | 147 | 13.72 |
| Ashaway Power Kill 17 | Zyex / Nylon | 1.24 | 147 | 13.72 |
| Gamma Asterisk 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 150 | 13.98 |
| Isospeed Professional 17 | Polyolefin | 1. 25 | 151 | 15.35 |
| Isospeed Professional 17 (Classic) | Polyolefin | 1.27 | 152 | 15.06 |
| Pro Supex Maxim Touch 1.25 | Nylon | 1.25 | 153 | 12.13 |
| Ashaway Powernick 18 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.16 | 154 | 12.88 |
| Isospeed Control 16 (Classic) | Polyolefin | 1.29 | 154 | 15.43 |
| Dunlop Dura Ace 17 | Nylon | 1.22 | 156 | 12.86 |
| Tecnifibre X One Biphase 18 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.2 | 157 | 11.47 |
| Isospeed Control 16 | Polyolefin | 1.27 | 158 | 15.61 |
| Ashaway Super Nick XL Pro 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 162 | 14.06 |
| Head Protector 16 (Main) | Polyolefin / Nylon | 1.32 | 163 | 11.57 |
| Wilson K Gut Pro 17 | Nylon | 1. 27 | 163 | 15.21 |
| Babolat Xcel Power 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 164 | 10.76 |
| Ashaway Super Nick XL Micro 18 | Nylon | 1.16 | 164 | 12.73 |
| Isospeed Platinum 16 (Main) | Polyolefin / Nylon | 1.32 | 165 | 12.46 |
| Ashaway Super Kill XL 17 | Nylon | 1.29 | 165 | 12.86 |
| Ashaway Dynamite WB 16 | Zyex / Nylon | 1.37 | 165 | 13.21 |
| Ashaway Power Kill Pro 16 | Zyex / Nylon | 1.36 | 165 | 13.21 |
| Toalson Bio Logic Soft 130 | Nylon | 1.31 | 165 | 20.88 |
| Ashaway Super Nick XL 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 166 | 12.08 |
| Head Evolution Pro 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 168 | 12.1 |
| Gamma Professional 17 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.29 | 168 | 12. 37 |
| Babolat Xcel 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 169 | 10.72 |
| Tecnifibre TGV 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.27 | 169 | 14.69 |
| Head ETS 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 170 | 14 |
| Ashaway Super Nick XL Titanium 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 171 | 12.32 |
| Forten Ti Blend 16 (Cross) | Nylon | 1.32 | 171 | 13.56 |
| Super String High Speed Viper V4 | Nylon | 1.24 | 171 | 14.37 |
| Pacific PMX 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.24 | 172 | 12.3 |
| Gamma Asterisk Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 172 | 12.73 |
| Tecnifibre 225 18 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.15 | 172 | 13.96 |
| Gamma Professional 16 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.33 | 174 | 13.28 |
| Ashaway Powernick 17 | Nylon | 1. 26 | 174 | 15.61 |
| Prince Premier LT 18 | Nylon | 1.19 | 174 | 17.37 |
| Gamma Prodigy 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 175 | 11.16 |
| Prince Premier w/Softflex 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 175 | 11.97 |
| Wilson Reaction 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 175 | 12 |
| Alpha Axiom 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 175 | 12.67 |
| Pacific Power Twist 16L | Nylon | 1.29 | 175 | 13.01 |
| Tecnifibre TGV 16 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.31 | 175 | 14.6 |
| Isospeed Energetic 16 | Polypropylene / Polyester | 1.29 | 175 | 18.76 |
| Babolat Xcel 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 176 | 9.66 |
| Head Synthetic Gut PPS 18 | Nylon | 1.16 | 176 | 11.93 |
| Prince Premier w/Softflex 16 | Nylon | 1. 31 | 176 | 11.97 |
| Tecnifibre Xr3 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.26 | 177 | 10.6 |
| Head Intellitour 17 (Main) | Nylon / Polyolefin | 1.3 | 177 | 10.87 |
| Gearbox Multi Premium 18 | Nylon | 1.17 | 177 | 12.85 |
| Alpha Ultra Spin SC 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 177 | 16.2 |
| Fischer Comfort 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 177 | 17.44 |
| Head RIP Control 17 | Nylon / Polyolefin | 1.28 | 178 | 10.25 |
| Head Intellistring 16 (Main) | Nylon / Polyolefin | 1.32 | 178 | 10.91 |
| Gamma Professional Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 178 | 11.47 |
| Pro Kennex Pure 1 Liquid 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 178 | 13.96 |
| Ektelon Premier Power w/Softflex 17 | Nylon | 1. 26 | 178 | 14.84 |
| Dunlop M Fil TS 18 | Nylon | 1.21 | 178 | 15.63 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut Multifilament 17 | Nylon | 1.23 | 178 | 16.08 |
| Gamma Asterisk Tour 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 178 | 19.95 |
| Pacific Power Twist 16 | Nylon | 1.35 | 179 | 11.78 |
| Gamma Asterisk 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 179 | 12.15 |
| Tecnifibre 505 HPR 18 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.2 | 180 | 9.59 |
| Isospeed Energetic Plus 16 | Nylon / Polyolefin | 1.32 | 180 | 10.41 |
| Head FiberGel Power 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 180 | 12.28 |
| Gamma Asterisk Tour 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 180 | 12.53 |
| Ektelon Premier Power w/Softflex 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 180 | 14. 84 |
| Pro Supex Nylon Kevlar Spiral 1.35 | Nylon | 1.33 | 180 | 16.49 |
| Wilson Hollow Core Pro 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 180 | 16.95 |
| Prince Premier LT 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 180 | 16.96 |
| Tecnifibre X One Biphase 18 (1.18) | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.19 | 181 | 8.96 |
| Tecnifibre NRG2 18 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.17 | 181 | 9.86 |
| Wilson Reaction 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 181 | 11 |
| Head Intellitour 16 (Main) | Nylon / Polyolefin | 1.37 | 181 | 11.51 |
| Gamma Prodigy 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 181 | 11.67 |
| Head FXP Power 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 181 | 13.37 |
| Tecnifibre 305 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.25 | 181 | 15.04 |
| Klip Excellerator 18 | Nylon | 1.22 | 181 | 15.26 |
| Wilson K Gut Pro 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 182 | 10.62 |
| Toalson Synthetic Soft 130 | Nylon | 1.32 | 182 | 12.98 |
| Head ETS 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 182 | 13.16 |
| Babolat Xcel Power 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 183 | 9.64 |
| Tecnifibre Xr3 16 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.31 | 183 | 9.92 |
| Alpha Gut 2000 17 | Nylon | 1.29 | 183 | 11.46 |
| Wilson K Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.28 | 183 | 11.59 |
| Klip Venom 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 183 | 12.46 |
| Velociti Plus 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 183 | 12.65 |
| Velociti Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.21 | 183 | 13.21 |
| Toalson Bio Logic Soft 125 | Nylon | 1.25 | 183 | 14.31 |
| Pacific PMX 16 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.33 | 184 | 10.8 |
| Head RIP Control 16 | Nylon / Polyolefin | 1.38 | 184 | 11.02 |
| Forten Tiegut 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 184 | 12.08 |
| Kirschbaum Hybrix Power 1.25 (Cross) | Nylon | 1.23 | 184 | 13.06 |
| Yonex Tough Brid 125 17 (Cross) | Nylon / Vectran | 1.35 | 185 | 12.02 |
| Velociti Plus 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 185 | 13.63 |
| Alpha Ultra Spin SC 15L | Nylon | 1.45 | 185 | 14.13 |
| Tecnifibre 505 Biphase 18 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.2 | 185 | 14.31 |
| Unique Tourna Quasi Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 185 | 15.59 |
| Babolat Attraction Power 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 186 | 9.84 |
| Babolat Syntronic Brio 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 186 | 10.41 |
| Volkl Power Fiber II 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 186 | 12.2 |
| Gamma Revelation 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 186 | 13.08 |
| Head Megablast 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 186 | 13.96 |
| Ektelon Lightning XX w/Powerfoil 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 187 | 11.01 |
| Alpha Gut 2000 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 187 | 11.23 |
| Gamma Gut 2 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 187 | 12 |
| Isospeed Energetic 17 | Polyolefin / Nylon | 1.19 | 187 | 14.64 |
| Prince Premier LT 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 187 | 16.72 |
| Yonex Tour Super 880 Ti Soft 16L | Nylon | 1.28 | 188 | 9.77 |
| Silent Partner Filament Frenzy 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 188 | 11.55 |
| Gamma Live Wire 17 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.24 | 188 | 13.74 |
| Pacific Space Power TX 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 188 | 16.54 |
| Tecnifibre Multifeel 16 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.3 | 189 | 9.81 |
| Babolat Attraction 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 189 | 10.03 |
| Volkl Power Fiber II 18 | Nylon | 1.19 | 189 | 10.39 |
| Alpha Element 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 189 | 10.89 |
| Pacific Futura TXT 16L | Nylon | 1.29 | 189 | 11.16 |
| Head FiberGel Power 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 189 | 11.62 |
| Head Megablast 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 189 | 14.11 |
| Toalson Neo Natural Mugen 1.25 | Nylon | 1.27 | 189 | 14.48 |
| Tecnifibre NRG2 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.24 | 190 | 9.55 |
| Ektelon Lightning XX w/Powerfoil 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 190 | 10.85 |
| Yonex Tour Super 850 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 190 | 10.89 |
| Isospeed Hybrid Long Life 16 | Nylon / Polyester | 1.29 | 190 | 11.07 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Multifibre 1.25 | Nylon | 1.25 | 190 | 11.2 |
| Head Synthetic Gut PPS 17 | Nylon | 1.22 | 190 | 11.38 |
| Unique Tourna Irradiated 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 190 | 11.62 |
| Klip Kicker 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 190 | 11.68 |
| Gamma Live Wire XP 16 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.32 | 190 | 12.04 |
| Babolat Addiction 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 190 | 12.06 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro 18 | Nylon | 1.19 | 190 | 12.28 |
| Gamma Live Wire 16 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.31 | 190 | 12.87 |
| Pro Supex Maxim Touch 1.30 | Nylon | 1.29 | 190 | 13.06 |
| Ashaway Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 190 | 14.93 |
| Gamma TNT2 Rx 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 191 | 10.96 |
| Wilson K Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 191 | 11.98 |
| Head FiberGEL Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 191 | 12.08 |
| Gamma Live Wire XP 17 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.25 | 191 | 12.35 |
| Topspin Sence Seven 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 191 | 13.29 |
| Tecnifibre 505 HPR 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.26 | 191 | 14.09 |
| Dunlop Explosive Poly Max 16 | Nylon / Polyester | 1.29 | 191 | 18.35 |
| Tecnifibre X One Biphase 16 (1.30) | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.31 | 192 | 10.08 |
| Tecnifibre X One Biphase 17 (1.24) | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.28 | 192 | 10.12 |
| Prince Lightning XX w/Powerfoil 17 | Nylon / Polyester | 1.24 | 192 | 10.94 |
| PowerAngle Duo Color TNT 17 | Nylon | 1.2 | 192 | 12.01 |
| Pro Supex Maxim Touch 1.35 | Nylon | 1.34 | 192 | 12.39 |
| Pro Supex Synthetic Gut 1.20 | Nylon | 1.19 | 192 | 12.55 |
| Gamma TNT2 Pro Plus 17L | Nylon | 1.25 | 192 | 12.74 |
| Kirschbaum Touch MultiFibre 1.30 | Nylon | 1.31 | 192 | 14.07 |
| Toalson Bio Logic 128 | Nylon | 1.28 | 192 | 14.97 |
| Mutual Power Semi Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.35 | 192 | 15.11 |
| Alpha Ultra Spin 15L | Nylon | 1.38 | 192 | 16.69 |
| Tecnifibre Multifeel 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.27 | 193 | 9.92 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro Super 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 193 | 11.51 |
| Forten Omni Spin 15L | Nylon | 1.37 | 193 | 12.44 |
| Wilson NXT 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 193 | 12.99 |
| Klip Venom 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 194 | 9.96 |
| Babolat FiberTour 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 194 | 10.45 |
| Head FXP 17 | Nylon / Polyester | 1.25 | 194 | 10.59 |
| Prince Lightning XX 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 194 | 10.76 |
| Volkl Power Fiber II 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 194 | 11.2 |
| Yonex Tournament 80 Spin 15L | Nylon / Vectran | 1.35 | 194 | 11.33 |
| Silent Partner Ultimatum 18 | Nylon | 1.19 | 194 | 12.04 |
| Forten Sweet 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 194 | 12.62 |
| Ashaway Liberty 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 194 | 12.9 |
| Alpha Claycourt Plus 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 194 | 13.8 |
| Tecnifibre Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 194 | 13.96 |
| Wilson Super Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 194 | 14.2 |
| Wilson Hollow Core 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 194 | 14.51 |
| Pacific Space Power TX 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 194 | 16.65 |
| Alpha Gut 2000 15L | Nylon | 1.38 | 195 | 11.11 |
| Unique Tourna Spin Plus 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 195 | 11.14 |
| Gearbox Mono Premium 18 | Nylon | 1.17 | 195 | 11.18 |
| Klip Excellerator 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 195 | 11.44 |
| Klip Excellerator 17 | Nylon | 1.3 | 195 | 11.66 |
| Gamma TNT2 Ruff 16 | Nylon | 1.52 | 195 | 11.95 |
| Kirschbaum Hybrix Power 1.30 (Cross) | Nylon | 1.31 | 195 | 12.39 |
| Tecnifibre 505 Biphase 17 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.26 | 195 | 13.32 |
| Alpha Comfort Plus 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 195 | 13.74 |
| Pro Supex Synthetic Gut Spiral Flex 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 195 | 14.8 |
| Prince Recoil 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 195 | 15.95 |
| Mutual Power Power Match (Mains) | Nylon | 1.33 | 195 | 17.5 |
| Yonex Tour Super 850 Pro 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 196 | 11.13 |
| Head Synthetic Gut PPS 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 196 | 11.69 |
| Alpha Prodigy 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 196 | 11.95 |
| Gosen AK Control 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 196 | 11.96 |
| Pacific Space Power TX 16L | Nylon | 1.31 | 196 | 12.31 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut Multifilament 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 196 | 13.98 |
| Toalson Neo Natural Mugen 1.30 | Nylon | 1.3 | 196 | 14.64 |
| Ashaway Liberty 15L | Nylon | 1.41 | 196 | 16.25 |
| Tecnifibre NRG2 16 | Nylon / Polyurethane | 1.31 | 197 | 8.05 |
| Babolat Syntronic Brio 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 197 | 10.52 |
| Forten Spin Gear | Nylon | 1.43 | 197 | 11.22 |
| Gamma Revelation 16 | Nylon / Zyex | 1.32 | 197 | 11.88 |
| Wilson Sensation 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 197 | 11.91 |
| Alpha Hardcourt Synthetic 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 197 | 13.58 |
| Kirschbaum Touch MultiFibre 1.35 | Nylon | 1.34 | 197 | 13.87 |
| Toalson Neo Natural Mugen 1.30 Spin | Nylon | 1.28 | 197 | 14.75 |
| E-Force Fluid 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 197 | 15.66 |
| Wilson NXT 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 198 | 10.69 |
| Yonex Tournament 50 16L | Nylon | 1.29 | 198 | 11.53 |
| Babolat Addiction 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 198 | 11.79 |
| Ashaway Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 198 | 12.12 |
| Pacific Premium Power X 16L | Nylon | 1.29 | 198 | 12.74 |
| Velociti Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 198 | 12.88 |
| Forten Dynamix 18 | Nylon | 1.21 | 198 | 13.01 |
| Mutual Power Dura Plus BX 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 198 | 14.11 |
| Mutual Power Titanium 900 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 198 | 14.31 |
| Mutual Power Topspin 16 | Nylon | 1.36 | 198 | 14.38 |
| Alpha Power Cable 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 198 | 15.1 |
| Dunlop Explosive Synthetic 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 198 | 15.62 |
| Gamma TNT2 Tour 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 198 | 15.81 |
| Wilson NXT OS 16L | Nylon | 1.32 | 199 | 10.43 |
| Dunlop Comfort Synthetic 17 | Nylon | 1.23 | 199 | 11.78 |
| Yonex Tough Brid 130 16 (Cross) | Nylon / Vectran | 1.4 | 199 | 11.9 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 199 | 12.35 |
| Prince Tournament Nylon 15L | Nylon | 1.4 | 199 | 13.19 |
| Gearbox Mono Premium 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 199 | 14.64 |
| E-Force Oxygen 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 199 | 15.35 |
| Alpha Synthetic Gut MXT 18 | Nylon | 1.16 | 199 | 16.15 |
| Topspin Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 199 | 16.58 |
| Babolat Xcel Premium 15L | Nylon | 1.39 | 200 | 10.17 |
| Dunlop Comfort Synthetic 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 200 | 11.07 |
| Wilson Strike Zone 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 200 | 11.57 |
| Bow Brand Micro Tournament 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 200 | 12.5 |
| E-Force Oxygen 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 200 | 13.65 |
| Pacific Powerline 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 200 | 14.7 |
| Bow Brand t2000 15L | Nylon | 1.37 | 201 | 11.38 |
| Mutual Power Response 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 201 | 12.46 |
| Forten Ti Blend 16 (Main) | Nylon | 1.34 | 201 | 12.57 |
| Silent Partner Ultimatum 17 | Nylon | 1.28 | 201 | 12.66 |
| Alpha Sensor Fibre 16 | Nylon | 1.35 | 202 | 11.02 |
| Gamma Challenger 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 202 | 11.33 |
| Klip Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 202 | 12.87 |
| Pacific Powerline 16L | Nylon | 1.32 | 202 | 12.9 |
| Pro Supex Synthetic Gut Titan 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 202 | 13.05 |
| Alpha Hardcourt Synthetic 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 202 | 13.3 |
| Pacific Premium Power X 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 202 | 13.67 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut w/Wearguard 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 203 | 9.15 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut w/Wearguard 18 | Nylon | 1.21 | 203 | 9.68 |
| Gamma TNT2 Rx 16 | Nylon | 1.36 | 203 | 9.81 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Classic 1.30 | Nylon | 1.3 | 203 | 10.94 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Classic 1.25 | Nylon | 1.24 | 203 | 11.23 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut w/Duraflex 18 | Nylon | 1.2 | 203 | 11.51 |
| Wilson NXT Tour 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 203 | 12.46 |
| Klip Screamer Titanium 16 | Nylon / Titanium | 1.3 | 203 | 12.54 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 203 | 12.96 |
| Toalson Leona 66 15L | Nylon | 1.4 | 203 | 14.18 |
| Dunlop Explosive Synthetic 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 203 | 15.39 |
| Tecnifibre Synthetic Gut 15L | Nylon | 1.36 | 203 | 16.74 |
| Alpha Synthetic Gut MXT 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 203 | 17.05 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut w/Wearguard 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 204 | 10.03 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro Super 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 204 | 11.29 |
| Gosen AK Control 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 204 | 11.31 |
| Unique Tourna Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.22 | 204 | 11.31 |
| Unique Tourna Irradiated 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 204 | 11.44 |
| Forten Sweet 15L | Nylon | 1.36 | 204 | 11.55 |
| Pacific Syntec 16L | Nylon | 1.32 | 204 | 12.37 |
| Klip Excellerator 15L | Nylon | 1.34 | 204 | 12.68 |
| Gosen Nanoblend 16 | Nylon | 1.24 | 204 | 12.97 |
| Silent Partner Head Spin 15L | Nylon | 1.38 | 204 | 13.18 |
| Silent Partner Titanium 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 204 | 13.19 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro Spin 15L | Nylon | 1.35 | 205 | 10.25 |
| Wilson Extreme Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 205 | 10.3 |
| Forten Dynamix 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 205 | 11.14 |
| Head Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 205 | 11.27 |
| Kirschbaum Profi Tour 1.25 | Nylon | 1.26 | 205 | 11.43 |
| Ashaway Super Kill 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 205 | 13.23 |
| Fischer Tournament Pro 16 | Nylon | 1.36 | 205 | 13.54 |
| Alpha Quick Response 15L | Nylon | 1.38 | 205 | 18.94 |
| Bow Brand Ballistic 15L | Nylon | 1.35 | 206 | 10.59 |
| Velociti Synthetic Gut 15L | Nylon | 1.35 | 206 | 10.83 |
| Silent Partner Ultimatum 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 206 | 12.81 |
| Alpha Viper MXT 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 206 | 12.97 |
| Wilson Strike Zone 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 206 | 13.32 |
| Klip Scorcher 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 206 | 13.51 |
| Prince Lightning XX 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 207 | 9.68 |
| Pro Supex Synthetic Gut 1.30 | Nylon | 1.3 | 207 | 11.27 |
| Pacific Futura TXT 16 | Nylon | 1.39 | 207 | 11.51 |
| Silent Partner Original Syn 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 207 | 13.89 |
| E-Force Fluid 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 207 | 15.43 |
| Alpha Tenacity 16 | Nylon | 1.26 | 207 | 20.84 |
| Dunlop S Gut Ti 17 | Nylon | 1.23 | 208 | 10.76 |
| Bow Brand Synthetic Gut XT 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 208 | 10.85 |
| Kirschbaum Profi Tour 1.30 | Nylon | 1.28 | 208 | 10.89 |
| Forten Dynamix 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 208 | 10.95 |
| Alpha All Player Nylon 15L | Nylon | 1.37 | 208 | 11.38 |
| Klip Blast 17 (Cross) | Nylon | 1.26 | 208 | 11.46 |
| Babolat Superfine Play 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 208 | 11.49 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Titanium 1.30 | Nylon / Titanium | 1.3 | 208 | 12.11 |
| Klip Scorcher 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 208 | 12.83 |
| Toalson Cyber Nylon Tour 135 L.E.O. | Nylon | 1.37 | 208 | 16.54 |
| Wilson NXT Tour 18 | Nylon | 1.24 | 209 | 9.53 |
| Gamma TNT2 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 209 | 9.85 |
| Prince Topspin Plus 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 209 | 10.06 |
| Head FXP 16 | Nylon / Polyester | 1.34 | 209 | 10.83 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut w/Duraflex 15L | Nylon | 1.35 | 209 | 11.13 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 209 | 11.51 |
| Wilson Sensation 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 209 | 11.55 |
| Toalson Synthetic 130 Spin | Nylon | 1.31 | 209 | 11.68 |
| Prince Topspin w/Duraflex 15L | Nylon | 1.3 | 209 | 11.92 |
| Gosen Tecgut Super Tec Ak Pro 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 209 | 11.97 |
| Topspin Nylon Pro 15L | Nylon | 1.41 | 209 | 12.35 |
| Klip Kicker 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 209 | 12.55 |
| Mutual Power Super Power 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 209 | 12.94 |
| Gamma TNT2 Tour 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 209 | 14.49 |
| Toalson Cyber Nylon Tour 129 L.E.O. | Nylon | 1.28 | 209 | 16.36 |
| Gamma TNT2 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 210 | 10.34 |
| Wilson Extreme Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.25 | 210 | 10.39 |
| Head Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 210 | 11.27 |
| Gosen Tecgut Remplir 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 210 | 11.62 |
| Bow Brand Tournament 16L | Nylon | 1.32 | 210 | 11.97 |
| Tecnifibre Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 210 | 12.7 |
| Babolat Superfine Play 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 210 | 12.76 |
| Topspin Fibre Touch 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 210 | 13.01 |
| Pro Supex FT Ruff 1.25 | Nylon | 1.23 | 210 | 13.74 |
| Alpha Power Cable MXT 15L | Nylon | 1.37 | 210 | 14.91 |
| Wilson NXT Max 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 211 | 9.71 |
| Gosen Tecgut Super Tec AK Speed 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 211 | 10.45 |
| Forten Competition Nylon 15L | Nylon | 1.41 | 211 | 10.89 |
| Mutual Power Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 211 | 11.05 |
| Gamma Marathon DPC 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 211 | 11.51 |
| Klip Blast 16 (Cross) | Nylon | 1.32 | 211 | 11.62 |
| Unique Tourna Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 211 | 12.76 |
| Pro Supex Synthetic Gut Titan 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 211 | 12.94 |
| Babolat Powergy 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 211 | 13.1 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut w/Duraflex 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 212 | 10.69 |
| Forten Sweet 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 212 | 10.78 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Micro Super JC 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 212 | 11.05 |
| Gosen Tecgut Super Tec Ak Pro 16 | Nylon | 1.34 | 212 | 11.64 |
| Alpha Viper MXT 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 212 | 12.35 |
| Carnelian Synthetic Gut 16L | Nylon | 1.32 | 212 | 12.92 |
| Pacific Powerline 16 | Nylon | 1.36 | 213 | 11.49 |
| RAB Endura Classic 16 (Cross) | Nylon | 1.32 | 213 | 11.62 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut w/Duraflex 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 213 | 12.04 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut Original 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 214 | 10.59 |
| Klip Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 214 | 10.98 |
| Gamma TNT2 18 | Nylon | 1.18 | 214 | 11.05 |
| Ektelon Synthetic Gut w/Duraflex 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 214 | 12.24 |
| Pacific Dura Tech 16L | Nylon / Aramid | 1.27 | 214 | 13.12 |
| Babolat Razor Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 214 | 13.76 |
| Klip Synthetic Gut 15L | Nylon | 1.37 | 214 | 13.76 |
| Babolat Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 214 | 13.9 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut w/Wearguard 15L | Nylon | 1.38 | 215 | 11.18 |
| Gamma Ruff 16 | Nylon | 1.48 | 215 | 11.33 |
| Unique Tourna Nylon 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 215 | 12.33 |
| Dunlop Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 215 | 13.21 |
| Pro Supex FT Ruff 1.30 | Nylon | 1.27 | 215 | 13.49 |
| Pacific Syntec 16 | Nylon | 1.37 | 216 | 12.15 |
| Babolat N.vy 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 216 | 12.19 |
| Pacific Dura Tech 16 | Nylon / Aramid | 1.32 | 216 | 12.85 |
| Alpha Sphere 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 216 | 14.88 |
| Gamma Dura Spin w/Wearguard 16 | Nylon | 1.37 | 217 | 8.95 |
| Gosen Nanocubic 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 217 | 10.81 |
| Gamma Challenger 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 217 | 10.95 |
| Prince Synthetic Gut Original 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 217 | 11.67 |
| Toalson Silencer 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 217 | 13.96 |
| E-Force Platinum 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 217 | 14.42 |
| Babolat Conquest 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 217 | 14.99 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 218 | 9.86 |
| Wilson Ultra Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 218 | 10.28 |
| Gamma TNT2 15L | Nylon | 1.33 | 218 | 10.69 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Proform Tuff 15L | Nylon | 1.38 | 218 | 11.16 |
| Bow Brand Super Pro 15L | Nylon | 1.43 | 218 | 11.42 |
| Bow Brand Calibre 15L | Nylon | 1.36 | 218 | 12.28 |
| Babolat Conquest 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 218 | 12.64 |
| Babolat Conquest Ti 16 | Nylon | 1.33 | 218 | 16.23 |
| Wilson NXT Tour 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 219 | 8.98 |
| Dunlop Synthetic Gut 17 | Nylon | 1.24 | 219 | 10.04 |
| Gamma Marathon DPC 15L | Nylon | 1.44 | 219 | 10.8 |
| Gamma XL 16 | Nylon | 1.29 | 219 | 11.4 |
| Head Master 15L | Nylon | 1.39 | 219 | 11.58 |
| Gosen OG Sheep Rectangle Z 16 | Nylon | 1.36 | 219 | 12.79 |
| Ashaway Super Kill II 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 219 | 13.16 |
| Head Master 16L | Nylon | 1.31 | 221 | 9.57 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut 18 | Nylon | 1.22 | 221 | 10.14 |
| Bow Brand Superspin 1.33 | Nylon | 1.43 | 222 | 11.29 |
| Toalson Synthetic Tournament 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 222 | 11.88 |
| Toalson TOA Gold 17 | Nylon | 1.26 | 222 | 12.92 |
| Toalson Silencer 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 222 | 14.04 |
| E-Force Platinum 16 | Nylon | 1.28 | 222 | 14.4 |
| Gamma Dura Spin 16 | Nylon | 1.39 | 223 | 8.93 |
| Gamma Synthetic Gut 15L | Nylon | 1.37 | 224 | 11.42 |
| Fischer Pro Number One 16 | Nylon | 1.32 | 224 | 12.66 |
| Gosen X 3 15L (Cross) | Nylon | 1.36 | 224 | 13.12 |
| Babolat Synthetic Gut 16 | Nylon | 1.31 | 224 | 13.32 |
| Gamma Advantage 15L | Nylon | 1.39 | 227 | 9.9 |
| Toalson TOA Gold 16 | Nylon | 1.3 | 227 | 13.16 |
| Gamma Marathon DPC 17 | Nylon | 1.27 | 228 | 9.42 |
| Toalson Synthetic Tournament 15L | Nylon | 1.39 | 228 | 11.65 |
| Gamma Dura Spin 15L | Nylon | 1.41 | 230 | 10.23 |
| Gamma Dura Spin w/Wearguard 15L | Nylon | 1.31 | 233 | 11 |
| Ashaway MonoGut 17 | Nylon | 1.22 | 233 | 20.2 |
| Dunlop X Life Synthetic | Nylon | 1.37 | 236 | 14.73 |
| Wilson Ultra Synthetic Gut 15L | Nylon | 1.35 | 238 | 13.52 |
| Ashaway MonoGut 16L | Nylon | 1.27 | 242 | 19.4 |
| String | Material | Gauge | Stiffness (lb/in.) | Tension loss (lbs) |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane 18 | Polyester | 1.21 | 187 | 22.29 |
| Tecnifibre Promix 17 (1.25) | Polyester | 1.27 | 199 | 13.72 |
| Head Sonic Pro 17 | Polyester | 1.23 | 199 | 23.09 |
| Pacific Poly Power 18 | Polyester | 1.09 | 201 | 21.17 |
| Tecnifibre Promix 16 (1.30) | Polyester | 1.29 | 204 | 14.99 |
| Polyfibre Poly Hightec 1.10 | Polyester | 1.09 | 206 | 23.68 |
| Isospeed Pulse 1.20 | Polyester | 1.23 | 209 | 21.78 |
| Super String Pure Control Orange | Polyester | 1.25 | 210 | 22.25 |
| Polyfibre Poly Hightec 1.15 | Polyester | 1.16 | 211 | 23.49 |
| Gamma Zo Tour 16 | Polyester | 1.32 | 214 | 20.73 |
| Head Sonic Pro 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 214 | 22.18 |
| Isospeed Pulse 1.30 | Polyester | 1.3 | 214 | 23.74 |
| Gosen Polylon Comfort 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 215 | 19.91 |
| Gosen Polylon SP 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 215 | 20.7 |
| Pro Supex Poly Power Soft 1.15 | Polyester | 1.13 | 216 | 19.69 |
| Pacific Poly Power Pro 17 | Polyester | 1.21 | 218 | 21.78 |
| Kirschbaum Competition 1.20 | Polyester | 1.19 | 219 | 19.09 |
| Pro Supex Big Ace Micro 1.15 | Polyester | 1.2 | 219 | 19.34 |
| Isospeed Pyramid 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 219 | 24.19 |
| Tecnifibre Black Code 18 | Polyester | 1.18 | 220 | 18.88 |
| Signum Pro Poly Deluxe 1.22 | Polyester | 1.2 | 220 | 19.11 |
| Polyfibre HighTec Premium 1.20 | Polyester | 1.21 | 220 | 23.13 |
| Pacific X Force 18 | Polyester | 1.19 | 222 | 17.09 |
| Tecnifibre Pro Red Code 18 | Polyester | 1.19 | 222 | 18.89 |
| Pacific Poly Power Pro 16L | Polyester | 1.24 | 222 | 21.65 |
| Unique Tourna Big Hitter Blue 18 | Polyester | 1.21 | 223 | 18.32 |
| Klip K Boom 18 | Polyester | 1.19 | 223 | 18.88 |
| Isospeed Hybrid Control 16L | Polyester | 1.25 | 223 | 20.73 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.2 1.15 | Polyester | 1.16 | 224 | 18.92 |
| Tecnifibre Black Code 17 | Polyester | 1.27 | 225 | 18.03 |
| Topspin Cyber Blue 1.20 | Polyester | 1.22 | 225 | 18.17 |
| Pro Supex Big Ace 1.22 | Polyester | 1.21 | 225 | 18.68 |
| Gamma Zo Tour 17 | Polyester | 1.29 | 225 | 18.94 |
| Super String Terminato V1 | Polyester | 1.27 | 225 | 24.5 |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 226 | 16.83 |
| Luxilon Alu Power Fluoro 123 | Polyester | 1.25 | 226 | 17.64 |
| Toalson Cyber Blade Tour Thermaxe 123 | Polyester | 1.23 | 226 | 17.97 |
| Polyfibre Poly Hightec 1.20 | Polyester | 1.18 | 226 | 23.44 |
| Signum Pro Poly Megaforce 1.19 | Polyester | 1.19 | 227 | 16.67 |
| Kirschbaum P2 1.20 | Polyester | 1.18 | 227 | 18.1 |
| Pacific Poly Soft 16L | Polyester | 1.26 | 227 | 19.41 |
| Polyfibre TCS Rapid 1.20 | Polyester | 1.19 | 227 | 23.79 |
| Polyfibre Cobra 1.20 | Polyester | 1.21 | 227 | 24.43 |
| Pro Supex Poly Master 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 228 | 20.59 |
| Pacific Poly Soft Pro 16L | Polyester | 1.26 | 228 | 23.92 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.2 1.20 | Polyester | 1.18 | 229 | 18.19 |
| Unique Tourna Big Hitter Blue 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 229 | 18.21 |
| Silent Partner Roly Poly 17 | Polyester | 1.27 | 229 | 19.62 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Turbo 1.25 | Polyester | 1.25 | 229 | 21.41 |
| Boris Becker Bomber 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 229 | 21.59 |
| Polyfibre Viper 1.20 | Polyester | 1.21 | 229 | 24.43 |
| Polyfibre HighTec Premium 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 230 | 24.01 |
| Polyfibre TCS 1.20 | Polyester | 1.19 | 230 | 24.16 |
| Polyfibre Cobra 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 230 | 24.63 |
| Unique Tourna Poly Big Hitter 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 231 | 18.15 |
| Pacific Poly Soft 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 231 | 19.16 |
| Gamma Zo Twist 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 231 | 22.71 |
| Topspin Titan Fibre 15L | Polyester | 1.39 | 232 | 12.65 |
| Luxilon Ace 112 | Polyester | 1.16 | 232 | 17.05 |
| Pro Supex Premier Ace 1.20 | Polyester | 1.22 | 232 | 18.05 |
| Pacific Poly Power 17 | Polyester | 1.18 | 232 | 19.95 |
| Signum Pro Plasma Pure 1.18 | Polyester | 1.19 | 232 | 20.09 |
| Pro Supex Blue Gear 1.19 | Polyester | 1.19 | 232 | 20.53 |
| Yonex Tough Brid 125 17 (Main) | Polyester | 1.24 | 232 | 20.95 |
| Pacific Poly Soft Pro 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 232 | 23.71 |
| Topspin Cyber Blue 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 233 | 15.66 |
| Signum Pro Poly Plasma 1.23 | Polyester | 1.25 | 233 | 17.48 |
| Signum Pro Poly Deluxe 1.30 | Polyester | 1.24 | 233 | 18.31 |
| Gamma Stinger (Main) | Polyester | 1.28 | 233 | 19.53 |
| Signum Pro Poly Power 1.30 | Polyester | 1.32 | 233 | 19.58 |
| Pacific Poly Power Pro 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 233 | 21.19 |
| Unique Tourna Poly Premium 17 | Polyester | 1.27 | 233 | 21.8 |
| Isospeed Hybrid Spin 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 233 | 24.08 |
| Isospeed Pyramid Spin 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 233 | 24.5 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.1 1.15 | Polyester | 1.16 | 234 | 17.09 |
| Pro Supex Premier Ace 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 234 | 17.57 |
| Klip K Boom 17 | Polyester | 1.23 | 234 | 17.99 |
| Volkl V Rex 16L | Polyester | 1.24 | 234 | 18.32 |
| Pro Supex Big Ace 1.25 | Polyester | 1.25 | 234 | 19.16 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Turbo 1.275 | Polyester | 1.26 | 234 | 21.21 |
| Polyfibre TCS 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 234 | 23.86 |
| Tecnifibre Pro Red Code 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 235 | 16.27 |
| Pro Supex Poly Control 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 235 | 17.23 |
| Kirschbaum Competition 1.25 | Polyester | 1.28 | 235 | 19.07 |
| Luxilon Alu Power Spin 127 | Polyester | 1.29 | 235 | 19.25 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.20 | Polyester | 1.21 | 235 | 19.98 |
| Gamma Zo Tour Rough 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 235 | 20.52 |
| Signum Pro Poly Special 1.25 | Polyester | 1.23 | 235 | 20.64 |
| Gosen Polylon SP 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 235 | 21.06 |
| Kirschbaum Spiky Shark 17 | Polyester | 1.23 | 235 | 23.42 |
| Topspin Cyber Flash 1.20 | Polyester | 1.2 | 236 | 17.47 |
| Klip Optic Nerve 17 | Polyester | 1.23 | 236 | 17.49 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.2 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 236 | 19.14 |
| RAB Endura Classic 16L (Main) | Polyester | 1.29 | 236 | 20.26 |
| Gosen Polylon Polybreak 18 | Polyester | 1.21 | 236 | 21.26 |
| Signum Pro Poly Fiber Titan 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 236 | 24.1 |
| Prince Tournament Poly 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 236 | 24.17 |
| Polyfibre Viper 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 236 | 24.66 |
| Gosen Polylon Polybreak 17 | Polyester | 1.23 | 238 | 17.47 |
| Unique Tourna Big Hitter Blue 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 238 | 17.88 |
| Pro Supex Big Ace 1.28 | Polyester | 1.25 | 238 | 18.68 |
| Forten Pro Select 17 | Polyester | 1.2 | 238 | 18.92 |
| Alpha Vengence 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 238 | 22.36 |
| Signum Pro Poly Plasma 1.18 | Polyester | 1.19 | 239 | 15.65 |
| Wilson Enduro Pro 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 239 | 15.77 |
| Gamma Zo Power 16L | Polyester | 1.2 | 239 | 17.29 |
| Signum Pro Tornedo 1.23 | Polyester | 1.25 | 239 | 19.16 |
| Unique Tourna Poly Premium 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 239 | 20.25 |
| Polyfibre HighTec Premium 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 239 | 25.36 |
| Polyfibre Poly Hightec 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 239 | 27.14 |
| Luxilon TIMO 122 | Polyester | 1.2 | 240 | 14.07 |
| Topspin Cyber Flash 1.25 | Polyester | 1.23 | 240 | 15.54 |
| Pro Supex Premier Ace 1.30 | Polyester | 1.28 | 240 | 16.83 |
| Pro Supex Poly Control 1.30 | Polyester | 1.28 | 240 | 16.94 |
| Pro Supex Blue Gear 1.19 (Platinum Edition) | Polyester | 1.19 | 240 | 17.6 |
| Luxilon Alu Power Rough 125 | Polyester | 1.25 | 240 | 18.98 |
| Kirschbaum Hybrix Power 1.25 (Main) | Polyester | 1.24 | 240 | 19.14 |
| Luxilon M2 Pro 125 | Polyester | 1.26 | 240 | 21.7 |
| Polyfibre TCS Rapid 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 240 | 24.45 |
| Polyfibre Cobra 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 240 | 24.83 |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 241 | 13.61 |
| Gamma Zo Magic 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 241 | 15.25 |
| Luxilon TIMO 110 | Polyester | 1.15 | 241 | 16.91 |
| Unique Tourna Poly Big Hitter 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 241 | 17.62 |
| Prince Tournament Poly 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 241 | 24.23 |
| Pacific Poly Power 15L | Polyester | 1.33 | 241 | 24.83 |
| Babolat Duralast 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 241 | 25.07 |
| Klip Optic Nerve 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 242 | 13.58 |
| Luxilon Alu Power 125 | Polyester | 1.23 | 242 | 17.13 |
| Gosen Nanocubic Nanosilver 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 242 | 17.33 |
| Tecnifibre Black Code 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 242 | 18.08 |
| Signum Pro Poly Fiber Titan 1.30 | Polyester | 1.3 | 242 | 24.89 |
| Klip Hardcore 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 243 | 17.05 |
| Luxilon XP 125 | Polyester | 1.25 | 243 | 17.78 |
| Pro Supex Blue Gear 1.25 | Polyester | 1.24 | 243 | 18.55 |
| Pro Supex Poly Power Soft 1.30 | Polyester | 1.32 | 243 | 18.76 |
| Signum Pro Poly Power 1.20 | Polyester | 1.2 | 243 | 19.5 |
| Kirschbaum Touch Turbo 1.30 | Polyester | 1.3 | 243 | 19.58 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.225 | Polyester | 1.23 | 243 | 19.74 |
| Signum Pro Poly Special 1.30 | Polyester | 1.28 | 243 | 20.33 |
| Topspin Cyber Whirl 1.24 | Polyester | 1.24 | 244 | 19.01 |
| Signum Pro Poly Speed Excl. 1.25 | Polyester | 1.27 | 244 | 19.56 |
| Babolat Ballistic Polymono 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 244 | 20.89 |
| Alpha Vengence 16L | Polyester | 1.29 | 244 | 22.05 |
| Signum Pro Plasma Hextreme 1.25 | Polyester | 1.25 | 246 | 16.23 |
| Topspin Cyber Blue 1.30 | Polyester | 1.31 | 246 | 20.38 |
| Polyfibre TCS 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 246 | 24.74 |
| Signum Pro Poly Power 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 247 | 17.88 |
| Dunlop Explosive Polyester 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 247 | 18 |
| Kirschbaum Competition 1.30 | Polyester | 1.3 | 247 | 18.5 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.2 1.30 | Polyester | 1.27 | 247 | 18.61 |
| Yonex Tough Brid 130 16 (Main) | Polyester | 1.3 | 247 | 22.42 |
| Polyfibre Viper 1.30 | Polyester | 1.31 | 247 | 25.18 |
| RAB Monoflex 16 | Polyester | 1.26 | 248 | 17.95 |
| Signum Pro Plasma Pure 1.23 | Polyester | 1.24 | 248 | 18.17 |
| Super String Viper V2 | Polyester | 1.25 | 248 | 24.56 |
| Luxilon Original 130 | Polyester | 1.28 | 249 | 17.11 |
| Pro Supex Blue Gear 1.28 | Polyester | 1.26 | 249 | 18.04 |
| Gosen Polylon 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 249 | 19.52 |
| Tecnifibre Polyspin 16 (1.275) | Polyester | 1.27 | 249 | 19.87 |
| Prince Tour 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 249 | 21.37 |
| Polyfibre Poly Hightec 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 249 | 23.77 |
| Luxilon Supersense 125 | Polyester | 1.26 | 250 | 19.21 |
| Signum Pro Poly Power 1.35 | Polyester | 1.35 | 250 | 19.38 |
| Signum Pro Poly Speed Excl. 1.30 | Polyester | 1.3 | 250 | 19.63 |
| Genesis Spin X 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 250 | 21.08 |
| Toalson Cyber Blade Tour Thermaxe 130 | Polyester | 1.29 | 250 | 22.21 |
| Gamma Zo Life 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 251 | 15.5 |
| Alpha Gut 2000 Poly 16 (Main) | Polyester | 1.31 | 251 | 15.52 |
| Kirschbaum P2 1.225 | Polyester | 1.23 | 251 | 15.76 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.1 1.20 | Polyester | 1.19 | 251 | 18.96 |
| Signum Pro Poly Deluxe 1.25 | Polyester | 1.32 | 252 | 17.4 |
| Genesis Black Magic 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 252 | 19.16 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.325 | Polyester | 1.33 | 252 | 20.75 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.1 1.25 | Polyester | 1.22 | 253 | 16.67 |
| Dunlop Explosive Polyester 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 253 | 16.98 |
| Prince Poly Spin 3D 16 | Polyester | 1.27 | 253 | 23.39 |
| Babolat Duralast 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 253 | 25.33 |
| Forten Flexion 16L | Polyester | 1.24 | 254 | 15.53 |
| Signum Pro Plasma Pure 1.28 | Polyester | 1.29 | 254 | 19.56 |
| Gosen Polylon 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 254 | 21.23 |
| Dunlop Comfort Poly 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 254 | 21.24 |
| Gamma Monoblast 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 254 | 25.56 |
| Kirschbaum P2 1.275 | Polyester | 1.24 | 255 | 16.47 |
| Klip K Boom 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 255 | 16.96 |
| Super String Bionic V9 | Polyester | 1.23 | 255 | 17.09 |
| Head UltraTour 17 | Polyester | 1.22 | 255 | 19.29 |
| Yonex Poly Tour 125 16 | Polyester | 1.24 | 255 | 19.78 |
| Signum Pro Plasma Hextreme 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 256 | 16.63 |
| Forten Flexion 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 256 | 16.76 |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 256 | 17.58 |
| Forten Intimidator 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 256 | 17.91 |
| Gosen Polylon Comfort 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 256 | 19.65 |
| Luxilon M2 Plus 130 | Polyester | 1.31 | 256 | 19.93 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash Spiky 1.20 | Polyester | 1.22 | 256 | 19.97 |
| Prince Tour 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 256 | 21.57 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash Spiky 1.25 | Polyester | 1.26 | 256 | 22.02 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash Spiky 1.225 | Polyester | 1.23 | 257 | 14.58 |
| Signum Pro Poly Megaforce 1.24 | Polyester | 1.24 | 257 | 14.91 |
| Kirschbaum P2 1.25 | Polyester | 1.25 | 257 | 15.48 |
| RAB Endura Flex 17 | Polyester | 1.21 | 257 | 16.34 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.275 | Polyester | 1.26 | 257 | 19.53 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.25 | Polyester | 1.25 | 257 | 19.55 |
| Signum Pro Poly Speed Excl. 1.35 | Polyester | 1.39 | 257 | 20 |
| Babolat Ballistic Polymono 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 257 | 20.31 |
| Tecnifibre Pro Red Code 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 258 | 14.9 |
| Signum Pro Poly Megaforce 1.29 | Polyester | 1.3 | 258 | 15.06 |
| Topspin Cyber Flash 1.30 | Polyester | 1.27 | 258 | 15.28 |
| Topspin Concept Pure 1.24 | Polyester | 1.24 | 258 | 16.67 |
| Wilson Enduro Gold 16 | Polyester | 1.32 | 258 | 17.6 |
| Klip Hardcore 16 | Polyester | 1.27 | 258 | 19.42 |
| Genesis Spin X 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 258 | 20.73 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash Spiky 1.275 | Polyester | 1.27 | 258 | 20.84 |
| Kirschbaum Pro Line No.1 1.30 | Polyester | 1.27 | 258 | 22.09 |
| Gamma Zo Sweet 17 (Main) | Polyester | 1.22 | 259 | 15.75 |
| Ashaway Monofire XL 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 259 | 17.13 |
| Pro Supex Poly Power Soft 1.25 | Polyester | 1.27 | 259 | 18.57 |
| Prince Poly EXP 18 | Polyester | 1.21 | 259 | 20.88 |
| Wilson Enduro Pro 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 260 | 14.33 |
| Signum Pro Poly Plasma 1.28 | Polyester | 1.27 | 260 | 15.98 |
| Luxilon TIMO 117 | Polyester | 1.2 | 261 | 16.29 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash Spiky 1.30 | Polyester | 1.31 | 261 | 18.17 |
| Toalson Cyber Blade Tour Thermaxe 127 | Polyester | 1.27 | 261 | 18.99 |
| Luxilon Adrenaline 1.25 | Polyester | 1.23 | 261 | 19.4 |
| Genesis Black Magic 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 261 | 21.35 |
| Pacific X Force 17 | Polyester | 1.25 | 262 | 13.47 |
| Yonex Poly Tour 130 16 | Polyester | 1.32 | 262 | 19.65 |
| Head UltraTour 16L | Polyester | 1.27 | 263 | 17.97 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.35 | Polyester | 1.37 | 263 | 19.36 |
| Super String Super Pro V3 | Polyester | 1.24 | 263 | 19.49 |
| Fischer Poly Pro 17 | Polyester | 1.27 | 263 | 21.06 |
| Pacific X Force 16L | Polyester | 1.32 | 264 | 14.33 |
| Topspin Cyber Flash 1.35 | Polyester | 1.23 | 264 | 15.44 |
| Gamma Dura Blast 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 264 | 16.82 |
| Pacific Poly Power 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 265 | 17.16 |
| Genesis Spin X 17 (Silver) | Polyester | 1.23 | 265 | 18.61 |
| Topspin Cyber Whirl 1.27 | Polyester | 1.28 | 265 | 20.48 |
| Luxilon Original Rough 130 | Polyester | 1.28 | 266 | 19.21 |
| Kirschbaum Super Smash 1.30 | Polyester | 1.29 | 266 | 19.58 |
| Topspin Cyber Red 1.24 | Polyester | 1.24 | 268 | 15.88 |
| Topspin Cyber Black 1.23 | Polyester | 1.25 | 268 | 18.52 |
| Pacific Poly Force Xtreme 16L | Polyester | 1.27 | 268 | 19.39 |
| Kirschbaum Spiky Shark 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 268 | 20.24 |
| Signum Pro Poly Plasma 1.33 | Polyester | 1.34 | 270 | 14.26 |
| Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 270 | 16.61 |
| Prince Poly EXP 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 270 | 21.66 |
| Unique Tourna Poly Premium 18 | Polyester | 1.21 | 271 | 15.39 |
| Kirschbaum P2 1.30 | Polyester | 1.3 | 273 | 15.74 |
| Topspin Concept Pure 1.29 | Polyester | 1.27 | 273 | 16.28 |
| Toalson Ultimate Polyester 130 | Polyester | 1.35 | 273 | 21.59 |
| Toalson Rencon 125 | Polyester | 1.26 | 274 | 13.42 |
| Pacific Poly Force Xtreme 15L | Polyester | 1.35 | 274 | 19.05 |
| Mutual Power Power Match (Crosses) | Polyester | 1.35 | 274 | 23.3 |
| Babolat Revenge 17 | Polyester | 1.26 | 277 | 19.32 |
| Prince Poly EXP 16 | Polyester | 1.28 | 277 | 21.48 |
| Signum Pro Poly Megaforce 1.34 | Polyester | 1.34 | 278 | 15.69 |
| Ashaway Monofire XL 16 | Polyester | 1.29 | 278 | 16.14 |
| Kirschbaum Long Life 1.38 | Polyester | 1.4 | 281 | 20.71 |
| Toalson Rencon 130 | Polyester | 1.31 | 282 | 13.64 |
| Signum Pro Poly Speed Spin 1.28 | Polyester | 1.29 | 283 | 18 |
| Signum Pro Poly Speed Spin 1.33 | Polyester | 1.32 | 289 | 18.34 |
| Pacific Poly Force 17 | Polyester | 1.24 | 294 | 13.41 |
| Prince Twisted 16L | Polyester | 1.28 | 298 | 18.91 |
| Babolat Revenge 16 | Polyester | 1.31 | 302 | 19.31 |
| Gamma Dura Blast 16 | Polyester | 1.3 | 303 | 12.68 |
| Pacific Poly Force 16L | Polyester | 1.3 | 320 | 17.84 |
| String | Material | Gauge | Stiffness (lb/in.) | Tension loss (lbs) |
| Pacific Tough Gut 16L | Natural Gut | 1.28 | 83 | 7.52 |
| Pacific Tough Gut 16 | Natural Gut | 1.26 | 88 | 6.75 |
| Pacific Classic Gut 16L | Natural Gut | 1.28 | 92 | 6.39 |
| Pacific Prime Gut 16L | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 92 | 6.86 |
| Pacific Prime Gut 16 | Natural Gut | 1.28 | 97 | 5.75 |
| Grand Slam Gut Ti. Power 16 (uncoated) | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 97 | 10.92 |
| Head Natural Gut 16 | Natural Gut | 1.25 | 99 | 8.73 |
| Grand Slam Gut Grand Slam Gut 15L (coated) | Natural Gut | 1.36 | 100 | 8.58 |
| Wilson Natural 16 | Natural Gut | 1.31 | 102 | 8.43 |
| Babolat VS Team Thermogut 17 | Natural Gut | 1.26 | 102 | 8.45 |
| Prince Natural Gut 17 | Natural Gut | 1.23 | 102 | 8.49 |
| Wilson Natural 17 | Natural Gut | 1.26 | 103 | 8.13 |
| Pacific Tough Gut 15L | Natural Gut | 1.4 | 103 | 8.66 |
| Grand Slam Gut Black Knight Gut 16 (Coated) | Natural Gut | 1.32 | 103 | 11.91 |
| Klip Armour Pro 16 | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 105 | 7.43 |
| Klip Armour Pro 17 | Natural Gut | 1.28 | 105 | 7.7 |
| Grand Slam Gut Grand Slam Gut 17 (uncoated) | Natural Gut | 1.28 | 105 | 7.87 |
| Pacific Prime Gut 17 | Natural Gut | 1.22 | 105 | 8.45 |
| Pacific Classic Gut 16 | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 106 | 11.01 |
| Babolat VS Touch Thermogut 16 | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 107 | 8.31 |
| Pacific Tough Gut Imperial (Blue Spiral) 16 | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 110 | 8.23 |
| Bow Brand Championship 16 | Natural Gut | 1.3 | 111 | 7.36 |
| Grand Slam Gut Ti. Power 16 (coated) | Natural Gut | 1.36 | 112 | 9.31 |
| Klip Legend 16 | Natural Gut | 1.28 | 113 | 8.77 |
| Grand Slam Gut Grand Slam Gut 16 (coated) | Natural Gut | 1.41 | 113 | 9.28 |
| Klip Legend 17 | Natural Gut | 1.27 | 113 | 9.31 |
| Prince Natural Gut 16 | Natural Gut | 1.31 | 114 | 8.49 |
| Babolat Tonic+ Thermogut Ball Feel | Natural Gut | 1.35 | 114 | 8.84 |
| Bow Brand Championship 15L | Natural Gut | 1.34 | 116 | 8.53 |
| Gamma Natural Gut Tour 16 | Natural Gut | 1.32 | 117 | 8.47 |
| Babolat VS Touch Thermogut 15L | Natural Gut | 1.35 | 118 | 8.68 |
| Babolat Tonic+ Thermogut Longevity | Natural Gut | 1.38 | 119 | 9.26 |
| Grand Slam Gut Grand Slam Gut 15L (uncoated) | Natural Gut | 1.48 | 129 | 11.22 |
| String | Material | Gauge | Stiffness (lb/in.) | Tension loss (lbs) |
| Ashaway Composite XL Pro 15 | Kevlar | 1.38 | 444 | 16.36 |
| Ashaway Composite XT Pro 16 | Vectran | 1.3 | 470 | 14.34 |
| Pacific Powercraft 18 | Kevlar / Nylon | 1.1 | 508 | 14.67 |
| Forten New Age 18 | Kevlar / Nylon | 1.13 | 511 | 18.43 |
| Forten Aramid Composite 18 | Kevlar / Nylon | 1.11 | 516 | 15.04 |
| Forten Ultra Thin Blend 18 | Kevlar | 1.12 | 545 | 15.12 |
| Forten Thin Blend 18/17 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.15 | 557 | 14.33 |
| Wilson Hyperlast Spin 19 (Main) | Technora | 1.21 | 562 | 13.72 |
| Head FXP Blend 17 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.24 | 574 | 15.73 |
| Forten Aramid Composite 17 | Kevlar / Nylon | 1.17 | 597 | 11.27 |
| Forten Aramid Gear 16L | Kevlar | 1.42 | 610 | 10.43 |
| Forten Aramid Composite 16 | Kevlar / Nylon | 1.28 | 619 | 9.55 |
| Silent Partner Gutsy Aramid 17 | Kevlar | 1.15 | 623 | 11.38 |
| Forten Aramid Gear 15 | Kevlar | 1.45 | 627 | 11.84 |
| Alpha Tourna Blend 18 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.18 | 634 | 21.03 |
| Gamma TNT2 Fusion Plus 19 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.23 | 640 | 17.33 |
| Gamma Infinity 18 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.17 | 641 | 17 |
| Gamma Infinity 17 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.24 | 641 | 20.57 |
| Alpha Tourna Blend 17 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.24 | 647 | 20.64 |
| Alpha Tourna Blend 15 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.39 | 662 | 20.37 |
| Ashaway Kevlar 18 | Kevlar | 1.08 | 671 | 27.21 |
| Gamma TNT2 Fusion Plus 16 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.28 | 674 | 16.36 |
| Gosen Arammix Pro 18 | Kevlar | 1.09 | 697 | 17.03 |
| Wilson Hyperlast 15 (Main) | Technora | 1.41 | 709 | 13.15 |
| Prince Problend w/Duraflex 17 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.24 | 720 | 16.39 |
| Gamma Infinity 15L (Main) | Kevlar | 1.35 | 729 | 17.9 |
| Gamma Infinity 16 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.3 | 736 | 17.9 |
| Ashaway Kevlar 17 | Kevlar | 1.22 | 757 | 28.37 |
| Ashaway Kevlar 16 | Kevlar | 1.29 | 764 | 26.68 |
| Gosen Arammix Pro 16 | Kevlar | 1.28 | 795 | 19.14 |
| Prince Problend w/Duraflex 16 (Main) | Kevlar | 1.3 | 981 | 15.88 |
This helps to explain why manufacturers continue to invest more in their string business.
The stiffness value is a calculation derived from the amount of force created at impact to stretch the string. Lower values represent softer strings and lower impact forces. Higher values represent stiffer strings and higher impact forces.20 Best Outdoor Christmas Lights 2021
Regula Heeb-ZweifelGetty Images
With winter inching its way in, it’s time to make your home reflect the merry spirit of the holiday season. If your goal is to have the best-looking home on your street, prepare to start strategizing about your holiday decorating scheme—if you haven’t already, that is. First step: lighting! Maybe you prefer to go the simple, warm-white string lights approach, maybe you want something that feels a little more fun and playful, maybe you’re all about nostalgia, or maybe you’re planning to go all out, National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation style. In any case, there are tons of outdoor Christmas lights to choose from out there, so we’ve rounded up some of the best—that is, highly reviewed by customers, or just plain cool—holiday lights you can buy online this season.
From fairy lights and vintage-inspired C9 bulbs to hanging icicle lights and falling stars (not to mention a projector and a gadget that can turn your favorite lights into an animated musical display!), amazing options await you. And your home? It’s never looked so festive. If you’re gearing up to take part in a friendly competition with your neighbors, you’ll win best-decorated for sure. Plus, most of these lights are affordable, and some are even solar-powered to help you save on your electric bill come December!
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1
Best Overall Christmas Lights
100-Count Green Wire Christmas Lights
For the ultimate in classic Christmas string lights, these bright white, green-wired lights (that are super popular on Amazon, by the way!) should do the trick. You can also get them in a multi-color option, if white isn’t your go-to.
2
Best White Wire Christmas Lights
100-Count White Wire Christmas Lights
Or, for those of you who prefer a white wire with white lights, these are another Amazon-favorite pick for the holiday season.
3
Best Vintage Christmas Lights
50-Count LED Multi-Color C9 Strawberry Lights
For a colorful, vintage flair, these large, strawberry-shaped C9 lights are a fun addition to any house. Plus, since they’re LEDs, they’ll shine brighter than ever before, and you’ll pretty much never have to worry about them all burning out by next season.
4
Best Icicle Lights
29.5′ LED Icicle Lights
Hang string-light icicles from your roof with these warm white strands, or get them in cool white, multi-color, and color-changing options.
5
25-Count LED White C9 Strawberry Lights
If you like the textured look of those vintage-inspired strawberry C9 bulbs but aren’t a fan of colorful lights, these cool white bulbs will give you the same nostalgic feeling but with a neutral color palette—and with individual clips on each light, it’s easy to line your roof (or just about anything).
6
200-Count Color-Changing LED Mini String Lights
Can’t decide between white lights and colorful ones? With these mini LED fairy lights, you don’t have to choose! The lights can be switched back and forth to whatever suits your mood.
7
30-Count Blue Globe LED Solar String Lights (Pack of 2)
These frosted blue globe lights are perfect for creating a cool, icy look that would make even Elsa jealous. But if blue’s not your style, they also come in pink, purple, red, warm white, cool white, and multi-color options, as well as a dual warm and cool white look.
8
55′ LED Multi-Color Globe Lights
Go for something that feels a little more modern and fun with these multi-color globe lights. They also come in white, if you want a soft glow instead.
9
8-Count Meteor Shower LED Lights
Looking for a unique alternative to the traditional icicle string lights? These “meteor shower” lights look like falling stars cascading from trees (or wherever else you hang them from). You can score them in white, as seen here, or in a cool blue or purple.
10
Best Rope Lights
33′ Dimmable Multi-Colored LED Rope Light
Rope lights are great for wrapping around trees, columns, and fences. These ones are battery-powered and dimmable, with a remote to control them as you wish.
11
Best Star Lights
30′ Solar-Powered Star String Lights
Add a little novelty with these star-shaped string lights, that are perfect for the holiday season but also totally work year-round.
12
Best Colorful Mini Lights
300-Count Mini Multi-Color LED String Lights
If tinier bulbs are more your style, these mini LEDs are a great option—they come in multi-color and warm white, and will give your tree (or roof, or wherever!) a pretty glow without the bulbs being too in-your-face.
13
Best Solar-Powered Lights
Solar Powered Copper Wire Fairy Lights
These copper-wire fairy lights are solar powered, so they’ll automatically start to light up your house (or trees, or bushes!) as soon as the sun goes down.
14
Best Snowflake Lights
19.6′ Battery-Operated Snowflake String Lights
You don’t need snow to have a white Christmas this year, thanks to these snowflake lights that look festive just about anywhere. And if pure white isn’t your thing, these lights also come in warm white.
15
138 LED Star Curtain String Lights
Speaking of stars, these warm white star-shaped curtain lights will add a fun, celestial glow to any window or wall.
16
Most Unique Christmas Lights
Hanging Christmas Tree Light
If you’ve got a tree or a ledge from which to hang this Christmas tree comprised of string lights (and topped with a star, of course!) it’ll certainly be a stunner in your yard.
17
Best Pathway Lights
Candy Cane Pathway Lights
Light the way to your front door with these pathway marking lights shaped like red-and-white candy canes.
18
Outdoor Laser Light Projector
Go bold with a multi-color light projector to add flecks of red and green to the exterior of your entire home—it’ll look like super festive snow is falling.
19
Outdoor Lights & Sounds of Christmas System
If you really want to go all out, you can use a system like this one to program your lights to holiday music for the ultimate Christmas light show.
20
Best Roof Clips for Lights
All-Purpose Outdoor Light Clips
And of course, none of these lights would be complete without some handy clips to hang them from your roof, no matter what type of lights you buy.
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90,000% d1% 80% d0% b5% d1% 86% d0% b8% d0% bf% d1% 80% d0% be% d0% ba% d0% bd% d0% be% 20% d1% 80% d0% b5% d0% b3% d1% 83% d0% bb% d0% b8% d1% 80% d0% be% d0% b2% d0% b0% d1% 82% d1% 8c – from all languages to all languages
All yazykiRusskiyAngliyskiyIspanskiy────────Aynsky yazykAkanAlbanskiyAltayskiyArabskiyAragonskiyArmyanskiyArumynskiyAsturiyskiyAfrikaansBagoboBaskskiyBashkirskiyBelorusskiyBolgarskiyBuryatskiyValliyskiyVarayskiyVengerskiyVepsskiyVerhneluzhitskiyVetnamskiyGaityanskiyGrecheskiyGruzinskiyGuaraniGelskiyDatskiyDolganskiyDrevnerussky yazykIvritIdishIngushskiyIndoneziyskiyInupiakIrlandskiyIslandskiyItalyanskiyYorubaKazahskiyKarachaevskiyKatalanskiyKvenyaKechuaKirgizskiyKitayskiyKlingonskiyKomiKomiKoreyskiyKriKrymskotatarskiyKumykskiyKurdskiyKhmerskiyLatinskiyLatyshskiyLingalaLitovskiyLyuksemburgskiyMayyaMakedonskiyMalayskiyManchzhurskiyMaoriMariyskiyMikenskiyMokshanskiyMongolskiyNauatlNemetskiyNiderlandskiyNogayskiyNorvezhskiyOrokskiyOsetinskiyOsmanskiyPaliPapyamentoPendzhabskiyPersidskiyPolskiyPortugalskiyRumynsky, MoldavskiySanskritSevernosaamskiySerbskiySefardskiySilezskiySlovatskiySlovenskiySuahiliTagalskiyTadzhikskiyTayskiyTatarskiyTviTibetskiyTofalarskiyTuvinskiyTuretskiyTurkmenskiyUdmurdskiyUzbeksky UyghurUkrainianUrduUrumanFaroeseFinnishFrenchHindiCroatianChurch Slavic (Old Church Slavonic) CircassianCherokeeChechenCzechChuvashScheyenneSwedishShoorSumerianEvenkyElsassianErzyanEsperantoJapanese3000
All yazykiRusskiyAngliyskiyIspanskiy────────AymaraAynsky yazykAlbanskiyAltayskiyArabskiyArmyanskiyAfrikaansBaskskiyBashkirskiyBelorusskiyBolgarskiyVengerskiyVepsskiyVodskiyVetnamskiyGaityanskiyGalisiyskiyGrecheskiyGruzinskiyDatskiyDrevnerussky yazykIvritIdishIzhorskiyIngushskiyIndoneziyskiyIrlandskiyIslandskiyItalyanskiyYorubaKazahskiyKarachaevskiyKatalanskiyKvenyaKechuaKitayskiyKlingonskiyKoreyskiyKrymskotatarskiyKumykskiyKurdskiyKhmerskiyLatinskiyLatyshskiyLingalaLitovskiyLozhbanMayyaMakedonskiyMalayskiyMaltiyskiyMaoriMariyskiyMokshanskiyMongolskiyNemetskiyNiderlandskiyNorvezhskiyOsetinskiyPaliPapyamentoPendzhabskiyPersidskiyPolskiyPortugalskiyPushtuRumynsky, MoldavskiySerbskiySlovatskiySlovenskiySuahiliTagalskiyTadzhikskiyTayskiyTamilskiyTatarskiyTuretskiyTurkmenskiyUdmurdskiyUzbekskiyUygurskiyUkrainskiyUrduUrumskiyFarerskiyFinskiyFrantsuzskiyHindiHorvatskiyTserkovnoslavyansky (Old Church Slavonic) ChamorroCherokiChechenskiyCheshskiyChuvashskiyShvedskiyShorskiyEvenkiyskiyElzasskiyErzyanskiyEsperantoEstonskiyYakut skyjapanese
Electric Guitar Fender American Standard Sandblasted Ltd Edition Stratocaster MN Crimson Satin
Product Description Electric Guitar Fender American Standard Sandblasted Ltd Edition Stratocaster MN Crimson Satin
The Fender American Standard Sandblasted Ltd Edition Stratocaster MN Crimson Satin electric guitar is a limited edition model that will amaze you with its appearance and, as always, a luxurious recognizable sound! This model of electric guitars embodies many years of experience in creating musical instruments of elite quality and innovative solutions that the legendary American company has adopted.
A charismatic musical instrument for true connoisseurs
The sound of this guitar can be recognized from hundreds and thousands of other musical instruments. This is largely due to the wood from which the guitar body is made – ash. This particular tree is known for its unsurpassed musical properties. There are no two ash electric guitars all over the world that sound the same! Plus, you’ll enjoy superior resonance across the entire frequency range.Of course, if we talk about the uniqueness of the sound, then we cannot overlook the three Single-Coil Strat single-coil pickups, which perfectly transmit the signal. A variety of rich, deep and aggressive tones to suit any style – this is the reward of everyone who chooses this guitar!
The playability of this instrument is also commendable. The round neck profile with the perfect ratio of thickness to width provides maximum comfort when playing with different playing techniques.The neck is made of selected breeds of Canadian maple, which is distinguished by excellent response. The neck is attached to the body with a secure bolt connection.
What will delight you electric guitar Fender American Standard Sandblasted Ltd Edition Stratocaster MN Crimson Satin:
- super powerful and rich sound;
- playable comfortable neck;
- functional vintage tremolo machine;
- cast reliable Fender mechanics;
- stunning appearance.
Specifications:
- Brand Fender
- Type Electric Guitar
- Strings, quantity 6
- Frets, quantity 22
- Ash body
- Maple Neck
- Fingerboard Maple
- Bolt Mount Type
- Scale size, mm 648
- Fretboard width (at the nut), mm 42.8
- Bridge (Tailpiece) 6-Saddle Vintage-Style Synchronized Tremolo
- Tremolo system yes
- Tuners / Mechanics Standard Cast / Sealed
- Pickups S-S-S, 3 x American Standard Single-Coil Strat
- Active electronics no
- Volume controls – 1, tone – 2
9.0002 Write a review 9.0003
90,000 Low frequency mysticism.How to contact the submarine?
What a ridiculous question? “How to contact a submarine”
Get a satellite phone and call. Commercial satellite communication systems such as INMARSAT or Iridium allow you to dial Antarctica without leaving your Moscow office. The only drawback is the high cost of the call, however, the Ministry of Defense and Roscosmos probably have internal “corporate programs” with substantial discounts …
Indeed, in the age of the Internet, Glonass and wireless data transmission systems, the problem of communication with submarines may seem pointless and not a very witty joke – what problems could there be, 120 years after the invention of radio?
And there is only one problem – the boat, unlike airplanes and surface ships, moves in the depths of the ocean and does not react at all to the call signs of conventional HF, VHF, DV-radio stations – salty sea water, being an excellent electrolyte, reliably muffles any signals.
Well … if necessary, the boat can surface to periscope depth, extend the radio antenna and conduct a communication session with the shore. Has the problem been resolved?
Alas, not everything is so simple – modern nuclear-powered ships are capable of being submerged for months, only occasionally rising to the surface to conduct a scheduled communication session. The main importance of the question lies in the reliable transmission of information from the shore to the submarine: is it really necessary to wait a day or more to broadcast an important order – until the next communication session on the schedule?
In other words, at the start of a nuclear war, missile submarines run the risk of being useless – while battles are raging on the surface, boats will continue to quietly write “eights” in the depths of the oceans, unaware of the tragic events taking place “above”.But what about our retaliatory nuclear strike? Why do we need naval nuclear forces if they cannot be used in time?
How do I get in touch with a submarine lurking on the seabed?
The first method is quite logical and simple, at the same time it is very difficult to implement in practice, and the operating range of such a system leaves much to be desired. We are talking about underwater communication – acoustic waves, unlike electromagnetic waves, propagate in the marine environment much better than in the air – the speed of sound at a depth of 100 meters is 1468 m / s!
It remains only to install powerful hydrophones or explosive charges at the bottom – a series of explosions at a certain interval will unambiguously show the submarines the need to surface and receive an important cipher by radio.The method is suitable for operations in the coastal zone, but it will not be possible to “shout out” the Pacific Ocean, otherwise the required power of the explosions will exceed all reasonable limits, and the resulting tsunami wave will wash away everything from Moscow to New York.
Of course, hundreds and thousands of kilometers of cables can be laid along the bottom – to hydrophones installed in areas where strategic missile carriers and multipurpose nuclear submarines are most likely to be located … But is there another, more reliable and effective solution?
Der Goliath.Fear of heights
It is impossible to circumvent the laws of nature, but each of the rules has its own exceptions. The sea surface is not transparent for long, medium, short and ultrashort waves. At the same time, ultra-long waves, reflected from the ionosphere, easily spread over the horizon for thousands of kilometers and are able to penetrate into the depths of the oceans.
A way out is found – a communication system on super-long waves. And the non-trivial problem of communication with submarines is solved!
But why do all radio amateurs and radio experts sit with such a bleak expression on their faces?
Dependence of the penetration depth of radio waves on their frequency
VLF (very low frequency) – very low frequencies
ELF (extremely low frequency) – extremely low frequencies
Ultra-long waves – radio waves with a wavelength of more than 10 kilometers.In this case, we are interested in the very low frequency range (VLF) in the range from 3 to 30 kHz, the so-called. “Myriameter waves”. Don’t even try to look for this range on your radios – to work with very long waves, you need antennas of amazing dimensions, many kilometers long – none of the civilian radio stations operate in the “myriameter wave” range.
The monstrous dimensions of the antennas are the main obstacle in the way of creating VLF radio stations.
And yet, research in this area was carried out in the first half of the XX century – the result was the incredible Der Goliath (“Goliath”).Another representative of the German “wunderwaffe” – the world’s first super-long-wave radio station, created in the interests of the Kriegsmarine. Signals from “Goliath” were confidently received by submarines in the area of the Cape of Good Hope, while radio waves emitted by the super-transmitter could penetrate the water to a depth of 30 meters.
Vehicle dimensions compared to the Goliath pole
The view of the Goliath is breathtaking: the VLF transmitting antenna consists of three umbrella parts mounted around three 210 meter high central poles, the antenna corners are fixed to fifteen 170 lattice masts meters.Each antenna sheet, in turn, consists of six regular triangles with a side of 400 m and is a system of steel cables in a movable aluminum shell. The antenna web is tensioned with 7 tonne counterweights.
Maximum transmitter power – 1.8 Megawatts. Operating range 15 – 60 kHz, wavelength 5000 – 20 000 m. Data transfer rate – up to 300 bit / s.
The installation of a grandiose radio station in the suburb of Kalbe was completed in the spring of 1943. For two years “Goliath” served in the interests of the Kriegsmarine, coordinating the actions of “packs of wolves” in the vast Atlantic, until in April 1945 the “object” was not captured by American troops.After some time, the area came under the control of the Soviet administration – the station was immediately dismantled and taken to the USSR.
For sixty years the Germans wondered where the Russians had hidden the Goliath. Did these barbarians put a masterpiece of German design thought on the nails?
The secret was revealed at the beginning of the XXI century – German newspapers came out with loud headlines: “Sensation! Goliath Found! The station is still operational! ”
The tall masts of the “Goliath” soared up in the Kstovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, near the village of Druzhny – this is where the trophy super-transmitter is broadcasting.The decision to restore “Goliath” was made back in 1949, the first airing took place on December 27, 1952. And now, for more than 60 years the legendary “Goliath” has been guarding our Fatherland, providing communication with the submarines of the Navy going under water, at the same time being the transmitter of the exact time service “Beta”.
Impressed by the capabilities of the “Goliath”, Soviet specialists did not stop there and developed German ideas. In 1964, 7 kilometers from the city of Vileika (Republic of Belarus), a new, even more grandiose radio station was built, better known as the 43rd communications center of the Navy.
Today, the VLF radio station near Vileika, along with the Baikonur cosmodrome, the naval base in Sevastopol, bases in the Caucasus and Central Asia, is among the operating foreign military facilities of the Russian Federation. About 300 officers and warrant officers of the Russian Navy are serving at the Vileika communications center, not counting civilian citizens of Belarus. Legally, the facility does not have the status of a military base, and the territory of the radio station was transferred to Russia for free use until 2020.
The main attraction of the 43rd communication center of the Russian Navy, of course, is the VLF radio transmitter Antey (RJH69), created in the image and likeness of the German Goliath.The new station is much larger and more perfect than captured German equipment: the height of the central supports increased to 305 m, the height of the lateral lattice masts reached 270 meters. In addition to the transmitting antennas, a number of technical buildings are located on an area of 650 hectares, including a highly protected underground bunker.
The 43rd communications center of the Russian Navy provides communications with nuclear submarines on alert in the waters of the Atlantic, Indian and North Pacific oceans. In addition to its main functions, the giant antenna complex can be used in the interests of the Air Force, Strategic Missile Forces, Space Forces of the Russian Federation, and Antey is also used for electronic reconnaissance and electronic warfare and is among the transmitters of the Beta precision time service.
Powerful radio transmitters “Goliath” and “Antey” provide reliable communication on very long waves in the Northern Hemisphere and over a large area of the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth. But what if submarine combat patrol areas shift to the South Atlantic or the equatorial latitudes of the Pacific Ocean?
For special cases, the Naval Aviation has special equipment: the Tu-142MR Orel repeater aircraft (NATO classification Bear-J) is an integral part of the reserve control system for naval nuclear forces.
Created in the late 1970s on the basis of the Tu-142 anti-submarine aircraft (which, in turn, is a modification of the T-95 strategic bomber), the Eagle differs from its progenitor by the absence of search equipment – instead of the first cargo compartment there is a reel with a towed 8600-meter VLF radio transmitter “Fregat” antenna. In addition to the super-long-wave station, on board the Tu-142MR there is a complex of communication equipment for operation in conventional radio wave bands (while the aircraft is capable of performing the functions of a powerful HF repeater even without lifting into the air).
It is known that as of the beginning of the 2000s, several vehicles of this type were still included in the 3rd Squadron of the 568th Guards. mixed aviation regiment of the Pacific Fleet.
Of course, the use of repeater aircraft is nothing more than a forced (reserve) half-measure – in the event of a real conflict, the Tu-142MR can be easily intercepted by enemy aircraft, in addition, the aircraft circling in a certain square unmasks the submarine missile carrier and clearly indicates to the enemy the position of the submarine.
The sailors needed an exceptionally reliable means for the timely delivery of the orders of the country’s military-political leadership to the commanders of nuclear submarines on combat patrols in any corner of the World Ocean. Unlike ultra-long waves that penetrate the water column by only a couple of tens of meters, the new communication system should ensure reliable reception of emergency messages at depths of 100 meters or more.
Yes … the signalmen faced a very, very nontrivial technical problem.
ZEUS
… In the early 1990s, scientists at Stanford University (California) published a series of intriguing statements regarding research in the field of radio engineering and radio transmission. The Americans have witnessed an unusual phenomenon – scientific radio equipment placed on all continents of the Earth regularly, at the same time, records strange repetitive signals at a frequency of 82 Hz (or, in a more familiar format for us, 0.000082 MHz). The specified frequency refers to the range of extremely low frequencies (ELF), in this case the length of the monstrous wave is 3658.5 km (a quarter of the Earth’s diameter).
16-minute transmission of “ZEUS” recorded on 08.12.2000 at 08:40 UTC
The transmission rate for one session is three characters every 5-15 minutes. The signals come directly from the earth’s crust – researchers have a mystical feeling that the planet itself is talking to them.
Mysticism is the lot of medieval obscurantists, and the advanced Yankees immediately guessed that they were dealing with an incredible ELF transmitter located somewhere on the other side of the Earth. Where? It is clear where – in Russia.It seems that these insane Russians “short-circuited” the entire planet, using it as a giant antenna to transmit encrypted messages.
The secret object “ZEVS” is located 18 kilometers south of the military airfield Severomorsk-3 (Kola Peninsula). On the Google Maps map, two clearings (diagonally) are clearly visible, stretching through the forest-tundra for two tens of kilometers (a number of Internet sources indicate the length of the lines at 30 or even 60 km), in addition, technical buildings, structures, access roads and an additional 10 -kilometer glade to the west of the two main lines.
Glades with “feeders” (fishermen will immediately guess what they are talking about), sometimes mistaken for antennas. In fact, these are two giant “electrodes” through which an electric discharge of 30 MW is driven. The antenna is the planet Earth itself.
The choice of this place for the installation of the system is explained by the low conductivity of the local soil – with a depth of contact holes of 2-3 kilometers, electrical impulses penetrate deep into the bowels of the Earth, penetrating the planet through and through.The pulses of the giant ELF generator are clearly recorded even by scientific stations in Antarctica.
The presented circuit is not without its disadvantages – bulky dimensions and extremely low efficiency. Despite the enormous power of the transmitter, the output power is only a few watts. In addition, the reception of such long waves also entails considerable technical difficulties.
Receiving signals from “Zeus” is carried out by submarines on the move at a depth of 200 meters to a towed antenna about one kilometer long.Due to the extremely low data transfer rate (one byte per several minutes), the ZEUS system is obviously used to transmit the simplest coded messages, for example: “Ascend to the surface (release a beacon) and listen to the message via satellite communication.”
For the sake of justice, it is worth noting that the first such scheme was first conceived in the United States during the Cold War – in 1968, a project was proposed for a secret Navy facility codenamed Sanguine (“Optimistic”) – the Yankees intended to turn 40% of Wisconsin’s forest area into a giant transmitter consisting of 6,000 miles of underground cables and 100 highly secure bins to house auxiliary equipment and power generators.As conceived by the creators, the system was able to withstand a nuclear explosion and provide a confident broadcast of a missile attack signal on all nuclear submarines of the US Navy in any area of the oceans.
American ELF transmitter (Clam Lake, Wisconsin, 1982)
In 1977-1984, the project was implemented in a less absurd form in the form of the Seafarer system, whose antennas were located in Clam Lake (pcs. . Wisconsin) and at the US Air Force base “Sawyer” (Michigan).The operating frequency of the American ELF installation is 76 Hz (wavelength 3947.4 km). Seafarer transmitter power – 3 MW. The system was removed from combat duty in 2004.
At present, a promising direction for solving the problem of communication with submarines is the use of lasers of the blue-green spectrum (0.42-0.53 microns), whose radiation with the least losses overcomes the aquatic environment and penetrates to a depth of 300 meters. In addition to the obvious difficulties with precise positioning of the beam, the “stumbling block” of this scheme is the high required power of the emitter.The first option provides for the use of satellite repeaters with large-size reflective reflectors. The option without a repeater provides for the presence of a powerful energy source in orbit – to power a 10 W laser, a power plant with a power two orders of magnitude higher is required.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the Russian Navy is one of two fleets in the world that has a full complement of naval nuclear forces. In addition to a sufficient number of carriers, missiles and warheads, in our country, serious research was carried out in the field of creating communication systems with submarines, without which naval strategic nuclear forces would lose their ominous importance.
“Goliath” during World War II
Boeing E-6 Mercury command and control aircraft, element of the backup communication system with nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles (SSBN) of the US Navy
http: //www.vlf .it / zevs / zevs.htm
http://commi.narod.ru
http://tesla.stumblers.net
http://www.radioscanner.ru
http://aobauer.home.xs4all.nl /Goliath.pdf
2018 September
The main types of hunting slingshots “SlingBow”
SlingBow – under this mysterious and cute name, in fact, hides a throwing weapon, where rubber bands act as elastic elements.It happens to be extremely similar to compact compound bows, but for the most part it is nothing more than a slightly improved slingshot of our childhood. Only they do not shoot balls from bearings or pebbles, but real arrows, and are intended mainly for hunting. Fans of the practice of survival may well call them “fighting slingshots” – there is really no difference (see article “Combat crossbows”)
The top photo shows an almost complete analogue of our arrow-throwers, if otherwise – “sling” (well, that’s how we called them).Here arrows, more precisely, darts in the area of the tip have a hook, which holds the ropes. Once we made them from electrodes with a special cut-hook, but now, as you can see, this is a completely industrial product.
By the way, the upper sample itself is positioned as “Powerful Hunting Tool Sniper Slingshot Folding Catapult Wrist Fishing Broadheads”, that is, “A powerful sniper catapult catapult mounted on the wrist” (!) And costs 35.99 USD.
A below is a more sophisticated and somewhere even “tactical” version of such a device.Lots of similar products are sold on Aliexpress or eBay.
In the photo below, we see a slightly different approach, largely borrowed from compound bows. Some of these hunting slingshots are equipped with bow racks, known as “hairy” or whiskers, and archery sights with multiple pins (flies). The tension and retention of the strands, as well as the shot itself, are carried out using the release.
The author of this creation, called the “Falcon Slingbow”, Randy Rathlin is far from a teenager.And his weapon is quite mature, the pulling force is 18 kg, or almost 40 pounds. According to the generally accepted classification among bowhunters, this is just the minimum level for hunting bows. Moreover, for individual “amateurs” whom we can hardly imagine, the author produces perfect monsters with an effort of 90 kgf! But even if we are talking about pounds, then with such a “slingshot”, an enthusiast would quickly find himself in the friendly arms of the respective comrades.
And this is really no joke.The red deer shown in the photo was caught by a bowhunter Sandy Brady from a hunting slingshot “Elite Slingbow” at a distance of a little less than 15 meters (as he got on it, another story, one word – well done!).
You will laugh, but not only, say, hares, but even wolves have been hunted and hunted to this day in general with the help of … a whip. The weapon is not remote, but the so-called “hand”, but very effective, moreover, like slingshots, is now a common product that can be purchased in a specialized store (see.”Combat and hunting whip”).
“Gearhead Archery T15 Pro Bows” – Onion Slingshot or Horned Bow?
Anyone who can immediately name the structure depicted in the first photo … e … can be immediately awarded the title of archeri-guru of the 3rd rank ahead of schedule. Although fans of compound bows can easily guess about its purpose – by the characteristic loop on the bowstring, and the so-called. “Hairy” shelf “Whisker”.
This unusual throwing weapon with the solid name “Gearhead Archery T15 Pro Bows” does have something to do with bows.More precisely, we have before us a kind of centaur, made up of a hunting slingshot “slingbow” and some archery structural elements.
Ordinary “SlingBows” look very much like classic slingshots, except that due to a serious tension, there is a wrist rest in the base. And so the company “Gearhead Archery” from the state of Wisconsin decided to bring the “slingshot” shooting technique as close as possible to the archery, which is much more familiar to bowhunters. The result of research in this direction was the “T15 Pro Bows”.
He has both rubber bands and a bowstring with the already mentioned release eyelet. The base is equipped with STS vibration dampers. Stretch length from 18 to 32 inches, pulling force up to 29 lbs, that is, according to Russian law, it fits the sample under the category of throwing weapons. This is already quite a hunting indicator. The manufacturer himself positions “T15” made of aluminum and stainless steel mainly as a bowfishing device – archery hunting for fish:
For which those who wish can purchase a special body kit:
As you can see, this is a fairly simple device, where instead of a spinning reel, an ordinary plastic flask is used for laying the line.By the way, something similar for bowfishing with a crossbow or bow can be built from a regular PET bottle, except that the installation itself will have to be done neatly by hand, and not using a mechanism.
Hunting slingshot “Gearhead Archery T15” is available in two versions, the second – “T15 XL” (pictured) – as the name suggests, is even closer in size to compound bows, its height reaches 23 inches instead of 16 for the “T15 Pro “. It also has a classic 3-pin archery scope in its base.
By the way, since I had to, by the way, not quite the usual look is inherent in all products of the “Gearhead Archery” company, which produces a fairly wide range of arrows. The photo shows the T30 CARBON FIBER COMPOUND BOW, a typical representative of the entire model line.
It feels like a former civil engineer is in charge of the developers there – that compound bows, that crossbows are very reminiscent of some kind of truss structures, something like railway bridges.Obviously not elven devices, rather, gnomes could create something like that. Only not Tolkien’s, but Cruz’s from the cycle “By the Great River”, eagerly adopting the achievements of a fragment of technocratic earthly civilization that has fallen into their pristine world.
A few words about bowfishing in Russia
Immediately explanation. In Russia, bowfishing, that is, “hunting” for fish with a bow, as with any throwing weapon, is prohibited. Usually in regional documents it looks like this: “Users of aquatic biological resources are not entitled to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources using piercing fishing gear, with the exception of amateur and sport fishing, carried out using special pistols and guns (hereinafter referred to as spearfishing)”
As you can see, there are exceptions – these are spearfishing guns and crossbows.And the whole difference lies in the very name of this type: shooting is carried out from an underwater position, that is, no shooter’s equipment should be on the surface. And therefore, ordinary bows and crossbows, even purely technically, are not suitable for this, since their elastic elements are not designed to work in a dense environment.
Although, if everything is in order with the money for the purchase of a new bow, then why not try, of course, exclusively for experimental purposes:
However, if you really get interested in this business, you will be able to find opportunities for legal bowfishing.For example, in private farms with artificial fish farming, mainly carp and grass carp. Of the “wild” species, the most common is pike, which, with skill, can be easily discerned under a layer of water.
STS Raptor – Jurassic Bow
This photo is fully consistent with the phrase “Don’t believe your eyes!”, Everything here is not what it seems.
Firstly, this is not a virtual sample of a bow in the “Hi-Tech” style created in a 3D editor, but a real serial product, sold and bought for shooting and hunting.Secondly, this is not a bow at all, but the most that neither is a hunting slingshot “slingbow”.
Archery-company “STS” (Shoot Tech Systems) generally stands out for the extremely non-standard appearance of its products, in particular, the AR-480 and AR-480 Mark II crossbows. But the point is not in appearance, but, say, in the double bowstring system, which allows you to shoot not only arrows, but also steel balls, already acting as a schnepper. Moreover, a 7-gram projectile develops up to 480 fps, or 146 meters per second. But back to the hero of our story today.
So, his name is “ RAPTOR 28 ” (28 is the distance in inches from the axis to the axis of the blocks, ATA). The prototype, which appeared back in 2009, bore the same name – in the wake of the popularity of the most memorable characters in Jurassic Park. And it was there that the developers first applied the dual string system.
What does it do? Take a look at the photo. The upper bridge between the bowstrings allows the use of classic bow arrows, only with the shank turned 90 degrees.Below there is a “nest” for steel balls, but not simple, but magnetic – it is clear why. The speed indicators in the Schnepper mode are up to 485 fps, depending on the type (and weight) of the projectile, and the 350-grain arrow accelerates to 295 fps, that is, 90 m / s.
By the way, our old friend Jörg Sprayv (Schrave), a Bavarian, shot the Raptor through a chronograph and got a real 488 fps, or 149 m / s with a 10 mm ball (weight, alas, was not specified). The 12mm counterpart showed 119 meters per second.To be honest – very, very impressive!
And now the fun part. The Raptor does not have traditional elastic arches, that is, flexible shoulders; all the mechanics are based on rubber straps (6 on each shoulder – see the photo), which puts the product in the “slingbow” category. The pulling force is adjustable from 40 to a solid 80 pounds, and its reset is also adjustable at 60-80%.
The disadvantages of such a unique sample stem from the design features.This is immediately noticeable complexity of the knots (photo below), some cumbersomeness, and most importantly – rather rapid wear and the appearance of “fatigue” of rubber strands. Replacing them is not very difficult, they themselves are sold in kits plus the necessary silicone grease.
The manufacturer recommends its product for hunting use – with “small game” balls, that is, small animals and, first of all, birds, and arrows – for any game, as with ordinary blockers. However, we have not been able to find any descriptions or videos with hunting scenes from the Raptors.Apparently, although it is extremely interesting (though not cheap), it is still more of an entertainment device.
“Hawaiian sling”, or Slingshot for the partisan
Remember, in our pink childhood, we built a formidable weapon for throwing pencils from an ordinary thread spool and an elastic band from panties? So, without knowing it, the younger generation reproduced the design of the so-called Hawaiian Sling, or Hawaiian slingshot:
Why Hawaiian? – the devil only knows.Maybe the islanders from time immemorial used just such devices to hunt for one of their main food products – fish. That’s just where they got rubber bands before the invention of rubber…. Most likely, primitive in comparison with modern spear guns and crossbows, but quite workable device was popular with numerous tourists.
As you can see, this weapon is specifically for spearfishing. Even in its simplest form, the barrel tube is made of wood to ensure the buoyancy of the instrument.
Entrepreneurs could not pass by such a tempting opportunity – what kind of amateur performance is this, when everyone on the contrary is able to build such a wonderful device for himself? For free! Here, get a real industrial product.
The photo shows the first version of not just some Hawaiian Sling, but a whole “Guerrilla sling”, that is, a “Guerrilla slingshot”. Oh how! The wooden fin on the body, presumably, just provided at least some buoyancy and served as a convenient handle for carrying or catching floating weapons at depth.
However, the manufacturer, Headhunter Spearfishing Co, was not satisfied with his creation, and Guerrilla sling 2.0 was born:
The hull is completely made of Burmese teak, so everything is wonderful with its seaworthiness. Other changes were made to the design, in particular, increasing the range by as much as 33 percent.
One last thing: the price of the “Guerrilla Slingshot Version 2.0” is $ 200. By the way, the manufacturer produces not only a whole range of ammunition, consumables and accessories, such as harpoons, tips, coils, strands, special gloves, but also T-shirts and caps traditional for such companies with their own symbols.
Here, learn, comrades, how you can literally build a profitable business from scratch. These are not school reels with rubber bands for you (us) …
P.S. To be honest, we do not quite imagine a partisan hanging around under water and conducting an invisible battle with chubs and pikes. For the purposes of the “people’s war” :)) the weapons described in the first two chapters of this article would be much more suitable.
The video below shows training and boar hunting with Randy Ratlin’s “Falcon Slingbow” reviewed today.
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