Discover the best Marquette Law School apparel options. Where can you find official Golden Eagles gear. How to show your school spirit in style. What are the most popular Marquette merchandise items. When is the best time to buy Marquette apparel.
The Rich History of Marquette Law School
Marquette University Law School boasts a storied history dating back to 1892. Initially founded as the Milwaukee Law Class by students seeking legal education in the city, it has since grown into a prestigious institution. The school’s evolution mirrors the development of legal education in the United States, adapting to changing times while maintaining its core values.
Did you know that Marquette Law School was one of the first in the nation to admit women? This progressive stance set the tone for the school’s commitment to diversity and inclusion, which continues to this day.
Key Milestones in Marquette Law School’s History
- 1892: Founding of the Milwaukee Law Class
- 1908: Official incorporation as Marquette University Law School
- 1924: Accreditation by the American Bar Association
- 2010: Opening of Eckstein Hall, the school’s current state-of-the-art facility
These milestones underscore the school’s commitment to excellence in legal education and its role in shaping the legal landscape of Wisconsin and beyond.
Marquette Law School Apparel: Showcasing Golden Eagles Pride
Wearing Marquette Law School apparel is more than just a fashion statement; it’s a declaration of belonging to a prestigious academic community. The blue and gold colors of Marquette University resonate with students, alumni, and supporters alike, creating a visual bond that transcends generations.
Is there a difference between Marquette Law School apparel and general Marquette University gear? While both represent the institution, law school-specific apparel often features unique designs that highlight the legal profession or the school’s motto, “Cura Personalis” (Care for the Whole Person).
Popular Marquette Law School Apparel Items
- T-shirts with the law school’s crest or logo
- Hoodies featuring the famous “scales of justice” symbol
- Polo shirts for a more professional look
- Baseball caps with embroidered “MU Law” lettering
- Tailored blazers for formal events and moot court competitions
These items not only showcase school pride but also serve as conversation starters, helping to build connections within the legal community.
Where to Find Official Marquette Golden Eagles Apparel
Finding authentic Marquette Law School apparel is crucial for ensuring quality and supporting the institution. The official Marquette University bookstore is the primary source for licensed merchandise, offering a wide range of options for students, alumni, and fans.
Can you purchase Marquette Law School apparel online? Yes, the university’s online store provides a convenient shopping experience, allowing customers to browse and purchase items from anywhere in the world.
Other Reputable Sources for Marquette Gear
- Campus bookstore located in Eckstein Hall
- Alumni association events and pop-up shops
- Licensed retailers in the Milwaukee area
- Seasonal fan shops during major sporting events
When purchasing from third-party sellers, always verify that the merchandise is officially licensed to ensure quality and authenticity.
Seasonal Trends in Marquette Law School Apparel
Marquette Law School apparel trends often align with the academic calendar and seasonal changes. Understanding these patterns can help you make timely purchases and stay on top of the latest styles.
When is the best time to buy Marquette Law School apparel? The start of each semester typically sees new arrivals in the bookstore, while end-of-season sales offer great deals on clearance items.
Seasonal Apparel Highlights
- Fall: Cozy sweatshirts and light jackets for crisp autumn days
- Winter: Heavy coats and scarves featuring Marquette Law branding
- Spring: Lightweight polos and windbreakers for outdoor study sessions
- Summer: Breathable t-shirts and caps for alumni events and reunions
By aligning your purchases with these seasonal trends, you can build a versatile Marquette Law School wardrobe that’s suitable for any occasion.
Customization Options for Marquette Law Apparel
Personalization adds a unique touch to Marquette Law School apparel, allowing individuals to express their connection to the institution in a more intimate way. Many official retailers offer customization services, from simple name prints to elaborate designs.
Are there restrictions on customizing Marquette Law School apparel? While personalization is encouraged, it’s important to adhere to the university’s branding guidelines and avoid any modifications that could be deemed inappropriate or disrespectful.
Popular Customization Choices
- Adding graduation years to sweatshirts or jackets
- Embroidering names on polo shirts or bags
- Creating custom designs for student organizations or class reunions
- Incorporating legal phrases or Latin mottos into apparel designs
Customized apparel not only serves as a personal keepsake but also makes for thoughtful gifts for fellow students or alumni.
Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Marquette Apparel Options
As environmental consciousness grows, so does the demand for sustainable Marquette Law School apparel. The university has taken steps to offer eco-friendly options that align with its commitment to social responsibility and environmental stewardship.
How does Marquette ensure its apparel is environmentally friendly? The university partners with manufacturers who use sustainable materials and ethical production practices, offering products that minimize environmental impact without compromising on quality or style.
Eco-Friendly Apparel Features
- Organic cotton t-shirts and hoodies
- Recycled polyester blends for performance wear
- Water-based ink printing for reduced chemical use
- Biodegradable packaging for online orders
By choosing sustainable Marquette Law School apparel, you’re not just showing school pride – you’re also contributing to a more environmentally conscious future.
Marquette Law School Apparel for Special Events
Special events at Marquette Law School often call for specific types of apparel. From formal galas to casual networking events, having the right outfit can help you make a strong impression and feel confident in any setting.
What should you wear to a Marquette Law School moot court competition? For participants, professional attire such as suits or blazers with the school’s colors or insignia is appropriate. Spectators can opt for business casual wear featuring Marquette Law branding.
Event-Specific Apparel Recommendations
- Graduation ceremonies: Cap and gown with Marquette Law stole
- Alumni reunions: Casual polo shirts or dressy t-shirts with vintage logos
- Career fairs: Professional blazers or sweaters with subtle Marquette branding
- Sporting events: Spirited jerseys or face paint in Marquette’s blue and gold
By tailoring your Marquette Law School apparel to specific events, you demonstrate both school spirit and situational awareness – key qualities for any aspiring legal professional.
Collecting and Preserving Vintage Marquette Law Apparel
For many alumni and collectors, vintage Marquette Law School apparel holds a special place in their hearts and closets. These pieces not only serve as nostalgic reminders of their time at the institution but also offer a glimpse into the evolving style and branding of the school over the years.
Why is vintage Marquette Law apparel valuable? Beyond sentimental value, some rare or limited-edition pieces can become collectibles, appreciating in value over time. Additionally, vintage apparel often features unique designs or materials no longer in production, making them truly one-of-a-kind items.
Tips for Collecting and Preserving Vintage Apparel
- Research the history of Marquette Law School logos and branding to identify authentic vintage pieces
- Store items in cool, dry places away from direct sunlight to prevent fading and deterioration
- Use acid-free tissue paper when storing folded garments to prevent creasing and discoloration
- Consider framing particularly valuable or sentimental pieces for display and preservation
- Connect with other collectors through alumni networks or online forums to trade information and items
By preserving vintage Marquette Law School apparel, you’re not just maintaining personal memories – you’re also contributing to the preservation of the institution’s visual history.
Marquette Law School Apparel as a Networking Tool
Wearing Marquette Law School apparel can serve as more than just a fashion statement – it can be a powerful networking tool. In legal circles, where connections often play a crucial role in career advancement, sporting your alma mater’s colors can spark conversations and create instant rapport with fellow alumni.
How can Marquette Law School apparel help in professional settings? Subtle branding, such as a tie clip or lapel pin with the school’s crest, can serve as a conversation starter at conferences or in courtroom settings, potentially leading to valuable professional connections.
Strategic Use of Marquette Apparel in Professional Settings
- Wear a Marquette Law School tie or scarf to alumni events or legal conferences
- Use a branded laptop sleeve or portfolio in client meetings to subtly showcase your educational background
- Sport Marquette cufflinks or a watch with the school’s logo for a touch of alma mater pride in formal settings
- Carry a Marquette Law tote bag or briefcase to court appearances or depositions
By strategically incorporating Marquette Law School apparel into your professional wardrobe, you create opportunities for connection while maintaining a polished and professional appearance.
The Impact of Social Media on Marquette Law School Apparel Trends
Social media platforms have revolutionized the way Marquette Law School apparel is showcased, shared, and even designed. Platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok have become virtual runways for students and alumni to display their school spirit and influence apparel trends.
How does social media influence Marquette Law School apparel choices? Viral posts featuring unique or stylish Marquette gear can quickly drive demand, leading to new product developments or the revival of vintage styles. Additionally, user-generated content provides valuable feedback to apparel designers and marketers.
Social Media’s Role in Marquette Apparel Culture
- Hashtag campaigns encouraging students and alumni to share their Marquette Law looks
- Influencer partnerships with law students or notable alumni to showcase new apparel lines
- Virtual fashion shows during homecoming or other school events
- User polls to gauge interest in potential new designs or color schemes
- Throwback Thursday posts featuring vintage Marquette Law apparel, sparking nostalgia and potential reissues
By embracing social media trends, Marquette Law School can stay connected with its community and ensure its apparel remains relevant and desirable in an ever-changing fashion landscape.
The Future of Marquette Law School Apparel: Innovations and Trends
As technology and fashion continue to evolve, so too does the world of Marquette Law School apparel. From smart fabrics to augmented reality experiences, the future holds exciting possibilities for how students, alumni, and fans can showcase their school pride.
What innovations can we expect in Marquette Law School apparel? Emerging technologies like conductive fabrics could lead to apparel with built-in charging capabilities for mobile devices, while advances in sustainable materials may result in even more eco-friendly options.
Potential Future Trends in Marquette Apparel
- Augmented reality features allowing wearers to access virtual campus tours or law school information through their apparel
- Customizable e-ink displays on jackets or bags, allowing wearers to change designs or messages digitally
- Biometric-sensing fabrics that can monitor stress levels during exams or moot court competitions
- 3D-printed accessories customized to individual body measurements for perfect fit
- Blockchain authentication for limited edition or collectible Marquette Law apparel items
As Marquette Law School continues to embrace innovation in legal education, its apparel line is likely to reflect this forward-thinking approach, offering students and alumni cutting-edge ways to display their connection to the institution.
Marquette Law School Apparel: Beyond the Campus
The influence of Marquette Law School apparel extends far beyond the boundaries of the campus in Milwaukee. Alumni around the world carry their school pride with them, creating a global network united by blue and gold.
How does Marquette Law School apparel impact global communities? In international legal circles, Marquette gear can serve as a symbol of American legal education excellence, fostering connections and opening doors for alumni working abroad.
Global Impact of Marquette Law Apparel
- Alumni chapters in major cities worldwide organizing “Marquette Law Days” where members wear school apparel
- Charitable initiatives where proceeds from limited edition Marquette Law apparel support global legal aid programs
- Cultural exchange programs featuring Marquette Law apparel as gifts to international partner institutions
- Travel blogs and social media posts showcasing Marquette Law gear in iconic locations around the world
By wearing Marquette Law School apparel globally, alumni not only showcase their personal achievements but also serve as ambassadors for the institution’s values and reputation on an international stage.
Shop Official Marquette Golden Eagles Apparel, Gear & Gifts
Official Marquette Golden Eagles Store & Gift Shop
Nothing gets you more prepared for game day than our premium selection of Marquette Golden Eagles apparel and
merchandise! Whether you’re a student, alumni or just a die-hard fan, showing off your blue and gold pride has
never been easier with our selection of top-quality Marquette athletic apparel and Marquette gear. Shop
everything from hats and sweatshirts to backpacks and more at low competitive prices and find exactly what
you’re looking for in just seconds. With so many Marquette clothing products to choose from, piecing together
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All of our Marquette University
apparel is available in multiple sizes and iconic styles for men, women and children, so the whole family can
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Brooklyn Law School – Professor Aaron Twerski Receives Lifetime Achievement Award from Marquette Law School
Professor Aaron Twerksi, the Irwin and Jill Cohen Professor of Law and preeminent authority in the areas of products liability and tort law, was honored by Marquette Law School with a Lifetime Achievement Award. Twerski is a graduate of the law school. The awards program was held April 3.
“Throughout his career and his service to others and to the community, Professor Twerski has embodied and advanced the academic excellence and values of Marquette Law School,” said Interim Dean Maryellen Fullerton. “He is richly deserving of this honor.”
Twerski, a Milwaukee native, joined the Brooklyn Law School faculty in 1986. He said the Marquette Law School Lifetime Achievement Award reflects the excellent education he received at the school, and he credits his torts professor, James Ghiardi, as a major influence on his career. “I knew three weeks into [Professor Ghiardi’s torts class] that I wanted to be a law professor and teach torts,” he said.
Twerski is beloved and revered by generations of students at Brooklyn Law School, where he has taught for more than 30 years. “In Professor Twerski’s evaluations by students, adjectives such as ‘brilliant,’ ‘passionate’ and, notably, ‘caring’ abound,” said Fullerton.
Twerski also has taught at Duquesne University School of Law, and he was a visiting professor at Cornell, Boston University, and the University of Michigan law schools, and he served as dean of Hofstra Law School.
The award is the latest accolade in his stellar career. In 2015, he received the prestigious William L. Prosser Award from the American Association of Law School’s Torts and Compensation System Section. The American Bar Association’s Tort Trial & Insurance Practice Section honored him with the Robert B. McKay Law Professor Award, which recognizes law professors who are committed to the advancement of justice, scholarship and the legal profession in tort and insurance law.
Twerski was co-reporter for the American Law Institute’s Restatement of the Law (Third) Torts: Products Liability, and for his distinguished performance, the ALI named him the R. Ammi Cutter Reporter. He is the author of the leading textbook Products Liability: Problems and Process. He was appointed as a special master in the federal 9/11 cases dealing with the injuries claimed by those involved in the clean-up of the World Trade Center site.
Emily M. Chilson | Andrus Intellectual Property Lawyers | Wisconsin IP Law Firm
[email protected]
(414) 271-7590
Practice Areas
- Patent
- Trademark & Copyright
Technology Areas
Education
- Northwestern University (B.S. Civil Engineering, cum laude)
- Marquette University Law School (J.D., summa cum laude)
Bar and Court Admissions
- Supreme Court of Wisconsin
- United States Patent & Trademark Office
Download VCARD >
Download Electronic Bio >
Emily M. Chilson is a partner and registered patent attorney at Andrus Intellectual Property Law.
Emily focuses her practice on domestic and international patent and trademark prosecution and enforcement. She researches patentability and infringement issues, and provides clients with counseling and written patentability and clearance opinions accordingly. Utilizing her own engineering foundation, Emily often helps clients brainstorm ways that new product designs can be fine-tuned to work around existing intellectual property rights.
A good portion of Emily’s patent experience includes mechanical technologies, including engines and related control systems, transportation-related equipment and sub-systems, machinery used in the paper industry, pumps and circuits, metal cutting machines, and retail merchandising assemblies. Emily also focuses her practice on obtaining both utility and design patent protection for wearable apparel and consumer packaged goods.
Emily joined the firm after receiving a juris doctor degree from Marquette University Law School (summa cum laude). While at Marquette, Emily served as technology editor of the Marquette Law Review, the same journal in which she published her article “Patent Term Adjustment and Terminal Disclaimers: Are the Terms of Patents Being Decided Ad Hoc?” in the fall of 2010.
Prior to attending Marquette, Emily obtained a bachelor of science degree in civil engineering from Northwestern University (cum laude). She then worked for a local surveying and engineering company before beginning a career in law.
Emily is admitted to practice law before the Supreme Court of Wisconsin and is a member of the American Bar Association and the Wisconsin Bar Association.
FROST Merchandise | Forensic Research Outdoor Station
Merchandise
FROST merchandise is available as depicted below. For questions, please email [email protected]. To order, please use the Merchandise Order Form. Please note that a $5 shipping fee will be added to the total amount of the order.
FROST Winter Hat $15.00
Hat is a beanie style, one size fits all. Grey color with black and white embroidered official FROST logo on front.
FROST Hat $15.00
Hat is one size fits all, with adjustable clasp at back. Beige color with black and white embroidered official FROST logo on front.
Front | Side | Back with adjustable clasp |
FROST Patch $5.00
Patch is embroidered with green, yellow, white, and black with official FROST logo. Patch measures approximately 2.5″ in diameter.
FROST Sticker $3.00
Black and white sticker with official FROST logo. Sticker measures approximately 3.5″ in diameter.
FROST Pen $2.00
Pen with official FROST logo in color and contact information, with comfort grip. Ink is black.
FROST Challenge Coin
(only available for law enforcement members) $10.00
Gold plated challenge coin with the FROST logo on one side and a depiction of the Superior Dome on the other. Green around the outside rim.
Law enforcement exclusive to add to your challenge coin collection. Comes with plastic protector.
FROST Logo – Front | Superior Dome – Back |
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90,000 Future Law Schools. What are They? – Right to vc.ru
The crisis state of the justice system in the world leaves a huge imprint on the legal education system, which already has enough internal and external problems.
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Even the most reputable universities in the world are now in an active search for innovative solutions, directions, leaders and teams that could provide a qualitative transition to the side of increasing the effectiveness of education. What can we say about small law schools and schools struggling to survive.
The need for reform of legal education at the state level is also confirmed by such factors as outdated curricula and lack of access to education. Paradoxically, despite the huge number of students in law schools, not everyone can afford a classical legal education, especially in the United States.Due to its high cost and distance between home and university. The quality of knowledge that universities give to students also casts doubt on its relevance.
SLS
Valentin Pivovarov
I spoke with Denis Ivanov, PhD in Law, Guest Lecturer and Innovation Consultant at the Law School of the Ukrainian Catholic University, about what the future law school will be like.
Just as there is no single pill for all diseases, there is also no action plan that would guarantee a successful way out of the current situation in education.
Javier de Cendra, President of the Law Schools Global League, has proposed several universal recommendations, adhering to which the university has every chance to take a leading position in the next few years:
1.Facilitating the formation of multicultural academic groups. This contributes to the development of soft skills within the student environment.
2. Promotion of methods of active learning, when students independently control the process of their learning in groups, turning to the professor for help only when necessary. The best option for this is project-based learning.
3.Search for opportunities for collaboration with law schools from around the world, not based on their prestige or status, but on the basis of a strategy aimed at maximizing student involvement in various legal systems and legal traditions.
4. Search for opportunities for strategic partnerships with other (non-core) schools, in particular – in the field of political science, economics, philosophy, anthropology and STEM.Law students may intersect with students from other universities in some basic courses to become familiar with key positions in these disciplines, developing the ability to work productively and collectively on multidisciplinary projects.
5. Seeking cooperation with legal clinics, laboratories, incubators and accelerators, in which law students will practice with entrepreneurs and even be able to launch their own startup.
6. Striving for strategic cooperation with law firms, corporations and government agencies, as this will ensure the continuing relevance of the curriculum and its compliance with the realities of the market.
This strategy is not intended exclusively for wealthy law schools, as most of the recommendations can be implemented with minimal financial costs.But instead of financial investment, it will require a strong innovative and entrepreneurial spirit on the part of law school leaders, administrators and educators.
How can technology improve legal education?
If we are to build a society in which everyone feels secure, we must find ways to democratize access to legal education.
When it comes to access to legal education in the United States, only a small fraction of American citizens can afford to pursue a law degree at a university. Even part-time programs usually last more than four years and require several nights per week of intensive study in addition to lengthy trips to university
In addition, a significant percentage of the country’s population lives a great distance from the nearest law school.For example, there are no American Bar Association accredited law schools in Alaska. Only one – in Montana, Delaware, Hawaii, Vermont, Nevada, New Mexico and some other states. Online education is one possible solution to this problem. However, without the accreditation of the American Bar Association, which is not provided for online education, it is impossible to obtain a PhD. True, this is often not necessary for all lawyers.
The next problem is that classical universities often do not provide the necessary knowledge.After 4-5 years of full-time study, after graduating from university, students should look for additional knowledge that is really needed in practice. This is well understood by the Stanford, Pritzker and Harvard law schools team and others who innovate their programs and can help students find their professional path.
Why are law schools integrating technology into education?
We are at the beginning of a gigantic global trend for law schools and universities to invest large resources in technological solutions in order to provide future lawyers with competitiveness and a high level of training.Already, at least 10% of US law schools teach knowledge related to the use of artificial intelligence. This number will increase as law schools begin to more effectively introduce technology into the practice of applying existing legislation.
Here are some successful examples:
- At Pritzker School of Law (Northwestern University), faculty were impressed by the possibilities of incorporating technology into their classrooms after a conference in all faculties where they were able to try some of the technology first-hand.As a result of the conference, this law school created the TEaCH Law competence center, with modern classrooms equipped with large touch screens, video conferencing tools and the necessary software package, consisting of Poll Everywhere, Nearpod, Solstice, Spark and Cisco WebEx.
- For the systematic implementation of automated technologies in legal practice, Michigan State University College of Law created LegalRnD – a legal research center focused on innovation in law.
- Cleveland-Marshall College of Law (Cleveland State University) announced the launch of a new technology hub, offering students new courses on IoT and cybersecurity.
- At the Duke Law Tech Lab at Duke University, a number of companies have raised funding for legal technology innovation. One company, Skopos Labs, gained attention last year by creating an artificial intelligence system that can predict whether a bill will pass a congressional hearing with 65 percent accuracy.
- Harvard University established the Harvard Law School Clinic to help students gain knowledge in the areas of client counseling, litigation, fact analysis, negotiation skills, and more.
Law students should master programming skills to understand how technology can optimize their performance and facilitate service delivery.They also need to keep track of global trends emerging in the industry and how legal technology can interact with related industries.
Legal Tech is growing rapidly all over the world. I wrote about the dynamics of investment growth in the industry in a previous article on Forbes. In addition to development within the ecosystem, legal technologies are beginning to actively interact with related industries.There is a great demand for blockchain specialists in legal tech, and I think that one of the unicorn startups will be a product at the junction of jurisprudence and blockchain. For example, there are several possible applications for blockchain technology in jurisprudence, one of which is smart contracts. The British publication The Economist called them “the most advanced blockchain technology that will only gain traction.” In addition, legal tech blogs in the UK are predicting that “legal blockchain” will become a trend in legal innovation and access to justice in 2019.Legal Nodes are already at the intersection of jurisprudence and blockchain, as I wrote here.
Moreover, there are even programs in the world that are aimed at training blockchain lawyers. I spoke with Alexander Zhuravlev, Managing Partner of Effective Business Resources Law Firm. The program they created is called BCL and is designed to train lawyers in working with various aspects of blockchain technology projects, cryptocurrencies, ICO regulation and Legal Tech products.
Alexander Zhuravlev: “We created the course in December 2017 and during this time students from six streams of the program from Europe, USA, CIS countries and Russia have successfully completed their studies, which confirms the high level of interest among lawyers around the world. It is noteworthy that the teachers of the course are practicing blockchain lawyers from Russia and Switzerland, as well as other countries, which allows us to erase the boundaries and create international startups.We also created a commission for the legal support of the digital economy at the Moscow branch of the Russian Bar Association in order to ensure a comfortable legal environment in the Russian Federation and support for high-tech projects at the state level. I hope that our example will show how important the interaction of business and government is for the introduction of technology. ”
Lawyers can also gain important practical knowledge and networking at related events.For example, many hackathons, legal conferences and summits are held around the world where experts discuss various ways technology can be used to solve legal problems.
Sometimes, in order to gain the necessary knowledge, you don’t even need to attend events. A large amount of information is concentrated in webinars from accelerators or start-up schools, in Telegram channels like Future Law School, Society of Dead Lawyers, Legal Tech and others.Startup School from YCombinator provides an opportunity to learn business building, marketing, establishing partnerships in the United States and other aspects of startup development ..
Another important problem is that the number of lawyers exceeds the number of jobs for them. On the one hand, legaltech solutions have exacerbated this problem, but on the other hand, they contribute to the creation of jobs for professionals who follow the spirit of the times.
Much depends on the desire of the student or practicing lawyer to keep up with the times. Technology is developing the world so quickly that the program that was relevant 10 years ago cannot have anything to do with the present. Therefore, it is important to look for ways to simplify service delivery through automation, follow trends and create your own. Decent projects can be created only by understanding what problems in justice must be solved.And, perhaps, it is these decisions that will change the world and make justice available to all.
This is just a part of the story on how the right education can change the course of your career, giving you the opportunity to keep up with the times. In the future, together with Denis Ivanov, we will continue to review innovations in legal education.
To be continued.
90,000 Lawyer’s dress code: how to dress in court and office
Each profession leaves its mark on a person.The lawyer cannot afford some liberties in behavior, appearance and dress. For example, for appearing in court in shorts or miniatures, you can lose the status of a lawyer. What to wear for negotiations, what is appropriate for an interview, what style to choose for the office, what to wear to a university? About this “Pravo.ru” will tell in the material.
Office
In June of this year “Pravo.ru” conducted a survey among lawyers on how they dress in “out-of-court” time, whether there is a dress code in the offices of their companies and whether it is always a business style of dress that is obligatory.Both in-houses (44% of respondents) and consultants (25% of respondents) participating in the survey, for the most part, reported that they do not have a dress code at work and everyone dresses as they please. However, there were also such law firms (13%) and law departments (13%) in which the dress code is mandatory and strictly observed.
Traditionally, the most appropriate style for a lawyer in the office is business casual.
Business casual – business casual style.This is the most informal of the business dress codes. It appeared in the 1970s in America, and finally took root in the mid-80s. Initially, it was presented with a simple formula: trousers or a skirt with knitwear. Unlike business formal, this style allows clothes with prints or patterns, blazer, moccasins and oxfords, no tie and bow tie, open collar shirt, patch pockets, double stitching, pullovers, jumpers and sweaters worn under a jacket. For women, dresses, blouses, blazers, knee-length or lower skirts, pipe trousers, and some accessories are possible.Any colors are acceptable.
However, there are companies that strongly disagree with this approach. For example, in the world’s largest law firm Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP in 2011, a written requirement for employees’ clothing was formulated: “There must be at least something between your foot and the carpet.” Therefore, the leading lawyers and partners of this company dress like this:
Photos from the Facebook community “Ilfs, Rulfs and Inhauses”
Quinn Managing Partner Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP said this dress code requirement helps keep employees creative, and he says creativity is essential to litigation lawyers.
OJSC Gazprom Neft, on the other hand, believes that business casual is too frivolous a style for the employees of their company. Therefore, they introduced a regulation “On the appearance of employees”, which prescribes dressing much stricter. It contains recommendations not only on the choice of colors and forms of clothing, but even hairstyles and manicure. OJSC Gazprom Neft was not too lazy to list the shops where you can buy suits worth up to $ 500 that meet the regulations it has developed.
There is a company that has gone even further. The Standard for the business style of an employee of JSC “Russian Railways” defines everything, including the length of the jacket sleeve, the height of the hairstyle, the obligatory trouser belt for men and the number of denims in women’s tights. It seems that the developers of the standard set out not only to define the dress code in the company, but also to teach the employees the basics of style: “A business suit should not have more than two elements of clothing with a pattern. The shirt should not be darker than the suit, and the tie should not be lighter than a shirt.A short sleeve shirt cannot be worn with a jacket or tie. “
Court session, negotiations, interview
“Of course, a suit is needed for client meetings and in court. Consultants are still perceived by the client audience rather conservatively, therefore, an abundance of bright colors, sharp perfume or, God forbid, jewelry on men (unfortunately, I have come across this) they look not only inappropriate, but even harm “, – sure partner of the law firm Tomashevskaya & Partners Vsevolod Baibak .Therefore, at these events it is customary to observe the strictest dress code – business formal (business traditional).
Business formal (business traditional) is a traditional formal business dress code. It assumes a plain or almost imperceptible striped business suit in blue, black, brown or gray. At the same time, for girls, a suit with a skirt is preferable, the length of which is knee-deep or slightly lower. The fabric should not have patterns or prints. Under the jacket should be a light shirt, on the legs – closed shoes without a platform with a heel no higher than 5 centimeters.Natural makeup and discreet jewelry are allowed.
Smirnova is sure that the now fashionable retro chic can be easily adapted for a business event: the retro chic of the 40s allows you to combine in an image a militarized jacket of a man’s cut with wide shoulders and a feminine skirt with lace or romantic polka dots; 50s style with its legendary new look with an emphasis on the waist and graceful skirts just below the knee is the perfect solution for a business suit.The same goes for the trouser suits from the 70s, which are embodied today in almost every fashion collection. And, of course, the retro chic of the 80s: after all, a jacket with super-wide shoulders is the main trend of the season.
Men can also complement their costume with some graceful elements, for example, a bow tie.
Partner of Law Firm Tomashevskaya & Partners Vsevolod Baibak
However, you should not overdo it with accessories, especially when it comes to participating in a court hearing.In 2008, during the hearing of an administrative offense case, judge of the Milwaukee District Court (USA) William Sosney did not appreciate the dark red neckerchief of Attorney Warren Zier, which was in harmony with the handkerchief in the pocket of a gray pinstriped jacket (an example of Warren Zier is shown in the photo left). The resolution of the legal dispute was delayed by three hours due to the fact that the judge and the prosecutor could not resolve the dispute over wardrobe items – the judge considered this image “on the verge of contempt of court”, while the prosecutor considered it quite acceptable (see Art.”What to wear to court? The problem is more serious than it seems”).
There are also many stories in Russia related to the inappropriate clothing of the participants in the process. This summer, lawyer Sergei Naumov (pictured on the right) came to the court hearing in the criminal case wearing sunglasses, a T-shirt, a denim sleeveless jacket, shorts and a bandana on his head. The Presidium of the Supreme Court of Mordovia issued a private ruling to him. “With his appearance, he violated the order in the court session and refused to comply with the request of the presiding judge, in connection with which the session was postponed,” the court’s website says (see.”The lawyer was stripped of his status for coming to court in shorts and a bandana”). On July 27, the Bar Association of Mordovia deprived Naumov of his status (though not only for his appearance at the trial), and on October 9 he will appeal this decision to the Leninsky District Court of Saransk.
Photo by Sergei Naumov from the site “News of Saransk and Mordovia” Capital C “
Court visitors are also subject to dress code requirements. In 2010, 20-year-old Jennifer LaPenta from Lake County (USA) was imprisoned because of her T-shirt, which read “I have the pussy, so I make the rules.”The irony of the incident is that there was no need for the girl to appear in court that day – she just decided to keep a friend’s company after classes in the gym. She explained her appearance by the fact that she did not have time to change.
For the avoidance of misunderstanding, many courts publish warnings on their websites. Thus, the Seventeenth Arbitration Court of Appeal appealed to the participants in the cases with a warning about the unpleasant consequences that await them in case of non-compliance with the established dress code due to the summer heat.As noted by the Perm appeal, visitors must wear business-style attire corresponding to the status of a judicial institution (see “They were forbidden to come to court in shorts”).
However, there are lawyers who do not adhere to the rules and are very successful at the same time. American lawyer David Boyes became famous for being at all hearings in an inexpensive suit (most often blue), a white shirt with a thin blue strip, a tie and black sneakers, which have already become his trademark (in the photo he is on the left).Neither judges nor clients have been embarrassed by his sneakers for a long time, especially since the lawyer has a huge number of high-profile victories.
Photo from Facebook community “Ilfs, Rulfs and Inhauses”
Partner “Zabeyda and Partners” Daria Konstantinova
University
Each university has its own requirements for students’ clothing. They are usually established by internal regulations. For example, in the Moscow State Law Academy you cannot appear in shorts, beach slates and tracksuits.In addition, clothing that demonstrates religious affiliation is prohibited, and in general, students are encouraged to business style and a neat appearance. At Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University and HSE, there are no requirements for students’ clothing. But this does not mean that the student can afford to show up for classes in whatever.
Director of the Institute of Business Law of the Moscow State Law Academy Yekaterina Tyagai is sure that the uniform at the university should indicate respect for oneself and others. “Law students should pay attention to the fact that the traditional dress code in the university is secular dress.In addition, you need to understand that it is indecent to wear clothes in flashy logos, too revealing outfits, as well as clothes with provocative inscriptions within the walls of the university, “Tyagai believes.
Director of the Institute of Business Law, Moscow State Law Academy Ekaterina Tyagay
CLC Managing Partner, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of St. Petersburg State University Natalya Shatikhina notes that modern students are quite conservative in choosing clothes and usually there are no problems with this: “We have a civil university, adults, everyone dresses as he wants.We must pay tribute to our students, they always look decent. Nothing bothers me. Rather, it is a question of tradition and certain rules of behavior. It seems to me that this is a matter of environment. It makes you look a certain way. Respect for the university in which you study, the forces that you spend on it are at your disposal. “
It is believed that the most appropriate styles for law students are preppy, smart casual and more formal.
Preppy style. This style originated in the 40s and 50s in America among students of elite schools, where they prepared for admission to prestigious Ivy League universities.The basis of this style is polo shirts, plaid shirts, knitted vests and sweaters with diamonds and a coat of arms, blazers, bermuda shorts, shorts, knee-highs, pleated dresses and skirts. From footwear – moccasins, ballet flats, loafers, oxfords, shoes with small heels. Particular attention is paid to accessories – a handbag, hair ornaments (ribbons, hairpins, headbands), ties, bow ties. As a rule, natural fabrics are chosen for clothes of this style: cashmere, wool, cotton, linen. Typical colors are deep blue, red, sand, bright yellow, khaki, beige.
Smart casual – smart casual wear. This style became popular in the 50s among office workers and business people in America and Europe. For men, it assumes a white shirt, sweater, sleeveless jacket, jacket, plain jeans of the classic type. Loafers, oxfords, monks or derbies can be worn on the feet. A woman dressed in smart casual style wears a white male-type shirt, pullover, vest, jacket, straight dress, pencil skirt, straight jeans, cropped classic trousers.Of the shoes, pumps with low heels are preferred. It is allowed to wear a shirt or T-shirt without a jacket. This style assumes the presence of accessories – a scarf, a scarf, glasses for men, a headdress and large jewelry for women.
Despite the established rules, there are teachers who are much more casual about student clothing.
Partner of FBK-Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional Law of Foreign Countries, Moscow State Law Academy Alexander Ermolenko
***
As you can see, even among lawyers there are those who do not consider it necessary to strictly observe the established dress code and at the same time feel great.So the rules are rules, but the main thing is to be a professional and always be yourself.
Read also
90,000 From Rome to Zoom: How judges and lawyers dressed at meetings
The coronavirus pandemic has impacted the dress code of participants in a number of countries around the world.
So, for example, in India, where strict Old English rules were still in force for both judges and lawyers, concessions were introduced from May 14. In particular, the Supreme Court of India issued a decree that allows defenders to wear a simple white shirt, or light national clothes: salwar kamiz and sari.On top of this, however, you will have to wear a white collar with white ribbons connected at the top. This relief applies to online meetings. It will remain until the end of the pandemic, or until “further orders.”
The reason for such measures was the statement of the head of the Ministry of Justice of the country Arvind Bobde, who said that doctors are not advised to wear gowns and jackets, since this makes it “easier to pick up the virus”, and such clothing contributes to the spread of COVID-19. India’s Supreme Court justices already sit in white shirts, although local regulations require them to wear robes during the trial.
Some incidents during a pandemic occur in video communication programs. Judge Carmo Antonio de Sousa from Brazil participated in a video call with other judges of the Amapa State Court, where everyone is working from home due to the coronavirus pandemic. After Zoom kicked in, de Souza appeared in front of fellow shirtless judges sipping a drink. True, after a while he returned to the screen, already dressed in a regular shirt and tie. The Amapa court did not ignore this case.He held a special session and came to the conclusion that at the moment of the first appearance on the screen, the judge did not know that his equipment was on. The court rejected the allegation that de Souza deliberately appeared in this form at the session of the judges.
Dress code issues have been raised online in the United States, The New York Times reports. For example, in the state of Florida, Broward County Judge Dennis Bailey sent an open letter to lawyers in which he complained that they became too relaxed due to the transfer of hearings online.“One male lawyer was shirtless, and one female lawyer was still in bed under the covers,” Bailey said, commenting on the online debate.
Yurrynok
Lawyers themselves, however, see this as a cause for alarm. So, according to Douglas Keith, lawyer for the Brennan Justice Center at New York University’s School of Law, videoconferencing can lead to new problems: people can be judged not only by their clothes, but also by their environment or the quality of Internet connections.“Law firms with the best resources will have the means to make their lawyers look their best – both figuratively and literally,” Keith said.
At the same time, senior judge of the same district, Jack Tewater, said that he had not seen the text of Bailey’s letter prior to its publication, and that it in no way reflected the official policy of the district court. At the Family Court, he said, “many people represent themselves and may or may not follow dress code rules,” adding that the court “hopes to appear in proper clothing, but that does not mean that he will force you to do it. “At the same time, Broward County attorney and Bar Association president Weston Mia Singh agreed with Judge Bailey. “I saw the staff on the other side of the meetings look like they just got out of bed. I don’t take them seriously, ”she explained. According to her, as soon as she received the letter from the judge by e-mail, she immediately sent it to all lawyers in the district and published it on the Association’s website.
Judges Bailey and Mia Singh’s position may seem overly categorical, but the issue of dress code in the legal community abroad has never been ranked last.The dress code rules for lawyers in many countries have been formed over the centuries, because the court has always played a special role in human society.
When did the trial become special?
In the homeland of the entire European legal system, in Ancient Rome, the dress code has not yet been legally enshrined, although there were already tendencies that could be called the ancient Roman litigation tradition.
In those days, the clothes of the participants in the process often had a certain meaning. Thus, the accused preferred to wear dark mourning, often even torn clothes.As a rule, they sat huddled against their lawyer, feigning fear on their faces. Such an appearance was supposed to arouse pity among the judges, melt their hearts and force them to commute the sentence. The accused’s wife was to be dressed as a widow.
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At the same time, there were exceptions. For example, the praetorian prefect of Gaul of the fifth century Arvand. He was accused of high treason to Rome and conspiracy with the Visigoths. According to the testimony of the priest Sidonius Appolinarius, when the accused prefect was taken to court, he, on the contrary, dressed as brightly as possible in order to show his innocence in this way.
There were no external differences between judges and lawyers at that time. Both those and others dressed in white togas. The entry of the future lawyer into the profession of the Romans began with the fact that the young man was brought to the forum and demonstratively put a toga on him. After that, he was taken to the courthouse, where he was introduced to a practicing lawyer, from whom the aspiring lawyer was supposed to study.
By the tenth century, a developed bureaucracy had already taken shape in the Eastern Roman Empire. The mayor of the capital – Constantinople – was considered the right hand of the emperor, and among his special regalia was a phelonion with a hood.Felonne is a robe-type garment that is now used only for liturgical purposes in the Orthodox Church. By the tenth century, it also became one of the elements of the judge’s vestments – symbolically, a felonne with a hood meant that the judge was acting on behalf of the head of the city. For similar reasons, the whigles, members of the city and imperial guards, who, among other things, guarded the defendants during the trial, also wore a hood. For the protection of women-violators, there were even created women’s “battalions” of protection, and among their regalia there was also a hood.
The clothes of the mayor himself (or “eparch”) were black and white. According to the poet of the eleventh century Christopher Mitelensky, this color symbolized the twofold nature of the decisions of the chief judge of the city: black for those who lose in litigation, and white for those who won the dispute.
As for lawyers, almost everywhere their clothes over time have become very similar to those of judges. In the Middle Ages, for example, lawyers were considered “disciples” of the judiciary, which explains this similarity.Like their judicial colleagues, lawyers in Britain also wore closed dresses, usually of silk. Like judges, lawyers also wore hoods, special caps, and neckbands.
Solicitors, who, unlike lawyers, were not authorized to represent clients in court, wore long, open black robes with winged sleeves. But by the 17th century, such attire had given way to ordinary business attire.
French lawyers wore wide colored robes with round bell sleeves.They were often scarlet with shoulder pads and hats, just like the judges’. Among other things, their dress code included two white stripes in place of the tie (which will be discussed below) and solid rectangular black caps, the so-called bonnets carrés.
Wigs and White Ribbons
In the seventeenth century, a revolution took place in England under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. King Charles II fled to his brother Louis the Fourteenth in France, from where he returned only nine years after the restoration of the monarchy in Britain.Karl brought with him a fashion to wear a wig, which quickly spread throughout the country. Soon, the length of the wig became an indicator of the status of its wearer. The longer the artificial hair, the higher the social status.
In the end, this fashion reached the judges, who began performing in wigs during the trial. Lawyers wore them too, but their wigs were shorter. This was done intentionally in order to show the “primacy” of the judge in relation to the lawyer representing one of the parties to the process.
To maintain these wigs, the aristocracy had to buy a special powder that was supplied from the French colony in Guinea.At the end of the eighteenth century, after the French Revolution, relations between England and France escalated. To annoy its opponents, the British government introduced a tax on the purchase of this powder in 1795, which it canceled only in 1812. This led to wigs falling out of public fashion, but lawyers continued to wear them to stand out from other professions. In the nineteenth century, wigs began to be made from horsehair, which made them more durable and no longer needed to buy the ill-fated Guinean powder.
Other elements of the clothing of English lawyers acquired a modern look also during the time of Charles II. Prior to that, representatives of the parties to the process in England did not differ in some unified dress code. As a rule, it included all the variety of modern fashion, and the clothes of lawyers could be red, green, blue, etc. This is clearly seen in the paintings of that time. But there were periods when all the participants in the process looked the same: after the death of the monarch.
After the death of Charles II, the mourning clothes, which were ordered to be worn in such cases, remained an element of the dress code of English lawyers.
Earlier, English lawyers had another piece of clothing that they had to wear during the trial: two crossed white ribbons at the collar. These ribbons symbolically depicted the so-called “Tablets of Laws” (literally “Table of Laws”) – two stones on which, according to biblical theology, the ten commandments were engraved, transmitted from God to Moses. In the English legal tradition, these commandments were considered to be the first codified legislation.The lawyer thus guarantees the observance of both human and divine laws. Now this tradition has remained only in a number of countries that were once British colonies: India, Hong Kong, and a number of African states.
Fashionable sentences of American courts
In the United States, the English tradition has moved away, and wigs with table ribbons are a thing of the distant past. However, until relatively recently, American lawyers had to fight for their style.
In 1980, the Alaska Supreme Court heard an appeal by attorney Martin Friedman. The lawyer had to appeal three fines at once, which were issued to him in 1977 by a Supreme Court judge (in the amount of $ 100) and a district court judge ($ 25 and $ 50). The judges considered that by his appearance the lawyer was showing contempt for the court. According to them, he “was not wearing a proper jacket and tie after being repeatedly reminded that such an outfit was to be worn when appearing in court.” A district court judge told Friedman that in his practice he was the only lawyer who appeared without a jacket and tie.
As a result, the Alaska Armed Forces ordered the courts to establish minimum dress standards for lawyers who appear before them. While the court cannot enact an overly restrictive dress code or one that dictates matters of taste and aesthetic preference, the requirement to wear a jacket and tie is reasonable.
Earlier, in a similar 1975 case by Sandstrom v. Florida, the court indicated that “it was a long tradition to wear a coat and tie in open court. This always meant the seriousness and solemnity of the proceedings, and was also a sign of respect.A jacket and tie are still required to be worn in many public places. ” The court indicated that the lawyer must wear “conservative business attire” at the hearing. “Can anyone argue with the fact that such is a jacket and tie?” The judge asked rhetorically.
But in the case of Sandstrom, the court sided with the plaintiff. In that case, the lawyer was fined for appearing in court wearing a jacket and gold medallion, rather than a cloth tie.
Opinion of Russian lawyers
In Russian courts, there is no special uniform regulation that would regulate the dress code for participants in a trial. Manager
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Nikita Filippov believes that there are no reasons “to adopt any special law on this topic.”At the same time, the Council of Judges in 2018 already threatened to develop standard rules for the stay of visitors in courts. Its chairman, Viktor Momotov, associated this with issues of respect for the court. Special attention, according to him, should have been paid to lawyers and court representatives, tk. it is they, Momotov believes, who form an opinion about the judicial system.
Practice
This regulation was eventually adopted in December last year. It prohibits the admission of drunk people and visitors without documents, as well as “persons with an appearance that offends human dignity and public morality. “This refers to cases when “appearance indicates a disdainful attitude towards others.” This includes beachwear (including shorts, pareos and flip-flops), clothing with inscriptions that offend human dignity and morality, or indicate a clear disrespect for society and the state.
With regard to more detailed dress code issues, an attorney of the bar association
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Yegor Kovalev considers it no coincidence that for many years now it has not been possible to adopt the Model Rules for Visiting Courts by Citizens, developed at the initiative of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.“The courts themselves are able to determine the rules of visiting, depending on the cultural, climatic and any other characteristics of each constituent entity of the Russian Federation,” says the lawyer.
Courts really determine the dress code rules themselves. The requirements are usually general. For example, in the Moscow Arbitration Court, it is prohibited for persons “in obviously dirty clothes and shoes that stain others and the property of the court.” In addition, it is prohibited to “be in clothes that do not correspond to the business everyday style, according to the status of the judicial institution (in sportswear, shorts, flip-flops, mini-skirts), in any transparent clothes, or in clothes that do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements.” …In the Seventeenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, “the visitor is required to wear business style attire that corresponds to the status of a judicial institution.” As stated on the court’s website, “the thermometer above the 30-degree mark is not yet a reason to appear in court in a bathing suit, shorts, and slates. Clothing should be clean, neat and not distracting from legal proceedings. Summons in court, as in any other state institution, are inappropriate. ”
Sergey Konovalov, Senior Associate, agrees with the absence of the need for special regulation
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… According to him, “any regulation of the dress code will be redundant, aimed at establishing rules for a small group of people,” because “the arbitration proceedings are professional.”
Filippov also believes that “the dark suit of a lawyer is a sign of belonging to the profession, to the world of jurisprudence. And also a reflection of your attitude to work, to the case under consideration, to the client and the court. Hence the understanding that it is necessary to come to the process in a business suit ”. In his opinion, “colorful outfits, lurid colors or overly revealing outfits distract from the essence of the matter.”
Kovalev agrees with his colleague.
“If a lawyer violates the well-established rules of appearance, this carries a significant professional risk for him: the court may consider the arguments of a frivolously dressed representative less convincing, being distracted by his appearance, and the client may think that the lawyer is not taking his case seriously.”
Yegor Kovalev, lawyer of the Delcredere Bar Association
At the same time, the lawyer makes a reservation, categorically objecting to the fact that someone should not be allowed to the court session because of his appearance, “especially if these powers are transferred to bailiffs, carrying out access control “. According to him, only the court should decide the issue of removing a citizen from the courtroom, or not admitting him to sittings. At the same time, justice should remain accessible to a person, despite his appearance.“Maybe an hour ago his house burned down – to demand from him suitable clothes in this case is absurd. Therefore, its appearance should not be an obstacle to participation in the meeting, ”says Kovalev. He has a similar opinion with regard to lawyers for whom unhindered access to court is guaranteed by law. “Does a lawyer appointed by a court or an investigative body to protect a citizen have the right to appear in court late at night, not only without a tie, but also in jeans? Of course it does. This is a vital and understandable situation, ”explains Kovalev.
At the same time, he believes that the courts should more actively fight “the rudeness of citizens and representatives, expressed in defiant clothing.” “I believe that the fine imposed by the court due to the objectively defiant appearance of the participant in the process will be a good lesson for him,” says the lawyer.
Nevertheless, according to him, such a person should retain the right to appeal against such a court decision, and all doubts as to whether the participant in the process is dressed appropriately, or offensive to the court, should be interpreted in favor of the participant.“Still, it is practically impossible to avoid subjectivity in this matter. Only obvious violations of decency should be punished, ”concludes Kovalev.
Hot topics
One of the cases when a lawyer had to appeal against such a decision occurred in 2018. Then the lawyer Sergei Naumov reached the European Court of Human Rights. A year earlier, the Chamber of Lawyers stripped him of his status due to his appearance in court in a bandana and shorts on the proposal of the Supreme Court of Mordovia. And although Naumov was able to appeal this decision in the Leninsky District Court of Saransk, the Mordovian Armed Forces recognized it as legal and reasonable.Naumov himself said that he simply did not have time to change before the start of the trial. He expressed the opinion that his appearance was used only as an excuse to deprive him of his lawyer status. In April last year, the ECHR registered the lawyer’s complaint.
Speaking about the current situation, Kovalev believes that “online ethics meetings are not canceled. The judges still hold meetings in halls and in robes, therefore, here too, the participants in the process should not forget about their appearance. ” Filippov agrees on this issue with his colleague.According to him, in the case of online meetings, “the main thing is to create a business atmosphere.” He is confident that even after the end of the pandemic, almost the same requirements will apply to the appearance of participants in online meetings as before it began.
“The only relief that can be in the online process, it seems to me, will be associated with wearing protective masks and gloves. Alas, we understand that coronavirus will last for a long time. ”
Nikita Filippov, Head of the Law Office“ De Jure ”
90,000 Halloween and the Law: Who Can Celebrate Where and | The world | Inosmi
Now, in the small French town of Vendargues, it is allowed to wear a clown costume and paint a face only for children under 12 years old.But in the United States, everything is different. This year, there was no news of laws or regulations that would prohibit clown makeup or costumes. However, this does not mean that you can walk around in a suit of evil spirits wherever you like. Below we give a few examples when the law provides for a fine for this.
Can you walk in the streets in such a suit? Most likely, yes. According to Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the University of California, Irvine School of Law, “people can walk the streets in whatever they want as long as they do not violate the decency laws.”Several states and municipalities have passed laws prohibiting the wearing of masks and indicted activists of the Occupy Wall Street protest movement through a 19th century New York regulation. However, many states have exceptions for Halloween and children.
Can I go to the nearest store while wearing a Halloween costume? Not if the management or the owner of the store is against. According to Chemerinski, “The owner of a private store can prohibit visitors to anything, provided that these prohibitions do not mean discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex, and in many states, such as California, on the basis of sexual orientation.The fact is that the First Amendment to the US Constitution imposes obligations not on individuals, but on the state. And only the owner himself can decide whether to let goblins, ghouls or zombies into the store.
Is it okay to wear a fancy dress to school on Halloween? Most likely, this should be decided by the director. “The First Amendment does not apply to private schools, so a student [or teacher] has the ‘right’ to wear a fancy dress at such an institution,” explains Mary-Rose Papandrea professor at Boston College of Law.
According to the First Amendment, students in public schools have certain rights, but the management of such schools has a lot of discretion. Rebecca Tushnet, a law professor at Georgetown, notes, “Courts allow school administrators to dictate their rules to maintain the learning environment, although ‘decent’ and non-aggressive symbolism such as a black armband on the sleeve is not prohibited. However, it is difficult to imagine that the court would allow more substantial “liberties” and would allow wearing a full costume on Halloween. “
Is it okay to wear such a suit to work? Probably not. “Historically, especially in private companies, workers have been largely unprotected,” says Paul Secunda, who leads the Labor and Employment Laws course at Marquette University. “They can be fired for a serious reason, for a trifling reason, and for no reason at all, including the clothes they wear to work.”
Even in First Amendment government affairs, courts tend to side with management when it comes to clothing for workers. “Earrings, tattoos, long hair, clothes – all these cases were heard in the Supreme Court in the early to mid 70s, when there were all these hippies and the like,” Secunda says. And then, quite recently, the judges said that we, in fact, do not have any laws that would protect a person’s desire for self-expression. ”
But there may be one exception: a company that prosecutes a group of workers who dress in a special way in protest against existing working conditions, or allows workers to wear clothing that shows union hostility (instead of expressing his support) may be accused of violating federal labor law.Costumed protests are not uncommon. For example, during a Halloween celebration last year, an activist named McKesson, who worked for a pharmaceutical company, said he was allegedly interrogated and suspended from work for coming to a corporate party disguised as a boss. …
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Jeffreyascem 21 Jan 2021
Major Future Tractor Parts
This remark is for those who are starting to acquire spare parts for tractors. We will determine what parts are available for tractors. What is it for? Much depends on the type of spare part: the means of packaging, storage, transportation and further on for no reason. So, let’s start talking about spare parts for the sake of tractors.The most basic splitting of spare parts for the sake of tractors occurs according to the brand of technology. As you know, each brand of tractor is made from parts with their own design features. Hence, each quality and even tractor model has its own special part numbering. For example, for MTZ-80.82 tractors, most of the spare parts start with numbers “50” otherwise “70”, for DT-75 tractors with “7” and for no reason further.
Only there are such situations, [url = https: //traktor-teh.ru/] potato planter for a tractor [/ url] how many the same part is used for different brands of tractors.For example, some types of agricultural tractors use the same engines, starting motors, magneto, starters, filters, and so on. Exactly the statute, running sawdust, transmission, side clutches, cabins have original design features, and engines (and their parts), spare parts for them, electric head are the same with other brands of technology.
Why is this happening? When developing a new design of a machine, the manufacturer does not completely develop the units solely, something simple is purchased in accordance with cooperation from other enterprises.Firstly, it makes the development of the machine itself cheaper, and secondly, it facilitates its operation in the future. For example, did you know that DZ-98 motor graders and ChTZ bulldozers have the same clutch? And this is unreasonable. It seems that a motor grader and a bulldozer are comprehensively different types of machines. And again, the machinery manufacturer cannot judge all the details. This is not possible for financial and technical reasons. Therefore, after 30 to 90% of the parts are purchased for other enterprises. This applies not only to domestic, but also foreign tractors.In foreign technology, in this matter, devour the bait features. The same identical spare part for the sake of a tractor from different manufacturers of equipment may have a special unique number.
Conventionally, all spare parts so that tractors can be divided according to the nodes where they are located. Spare parts for tractors are: spare parts for the engine, ordinary, gearbox, transmission, electrical parts and for no reason on. Here it is permissible to make large units: engines, bridges, transmissions, skeletons, bogies, side clutches and for no reason further.In the catalogs of assembly units of tractors, the division of spare parts is agreed in this way. And already inside a large unit to agree to sorting into assembly units and parts. This makes it easier to identify the tractor part for repair and maintenance of the machine. For example, take the DT-75 carriage wedge. This spare part belongs to the running system of the DT-75 tractor, specifically, it is included in the number of the DT-75 carriage.
Also spare parts for the sake of the tractor can be divided into large, medium and small. Some parts of the tractor are fragile, such as glass, liners, rubber products, headlights.That is, their storage, packaging and transportation require certain conditions. Each tractor has both repairable and non-repairable spare parts. For example, if the engine is out of order, then it is permissible to replace some parts, and it will function again. And if the gasket burst, the glass cracked, then the shish will not help, only a replacement. Repaired spare parts for the sake of a tractor have several types of repair, usually fix 1, repair 2, improvement 3, repair 4.The circle of the face of the repair assumes certain conditions and parameters for its implementation. Hence, some spare parts for the sake of tractors are manufactured with the designations “P1”, “P2”, “P3” and “P4”. Then you can eat, each designation corresponds to a repair number. This can be found in liners and piston rings.
HORIZON
International academic journal “Horizon. Phenomenological Research ” has been published at the Institute of Philosophy of St. Petersburg State University and with the participation of the Central European Institute of Philosophy at Charles University and the Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences in the format of a scientific peer-reviewed periodical since 2012.The journal is published twice a year, all materials go through the peer review and expert selection procedure.
The publication is intended both for specialists in the field of phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics, and for a wide range of readers interested in the current philosophical situation.
The aim of the journal is to form and maintain a common communicative space for researchers working today in the field of phenomenology and similar philosophical directions.
The structure of the magazine “Horizon. Phenomenological Research “:
The first section – “Research” – contains original articles of authorship. The journal only publishes original research and articles. In this section, materials are published not only in Russian, but also in English, German and French without translation . The editorial board asks authors who submit their materials in English, German or French to send them in a form that has already been corrected by a native speaker of the corresponding language.
The second section – “Translations and Commentaries” – presents to the reader’s attention translations of fragments of texts of the classics or the most prominent modern representatives of the phenomenological direction, as well as philosophical trends close to it. The texts of translations, as a rule, are accompanied by exegetical comments. The purpose of this section is to discuss mainly archival documents that are unfamiliar to the general reader, as well as studies, essays, essays by authors included in the gallery of world science and philosophy.Publication of all translations in the Horizon. Phenomenological Research “is agreed with the copyright holders.
The third section – “Discussions” – is composed of reports on past scientific events related to phenomenology, both in Russia and abroad, reviews, polemical remarks, interviews and conversations. The editorial board of the journal strives to ensure that such reports are not only informational, but also analytical, and thus aims to intensify the communication of representatives of the phenomenological direction of modern philosophy, to create a field for topical discussions.
The fourth section – “Reviews” – is composed of reviews of publications on phenomenological topics that have been published over the past fifteen years. The reviews section is intended to serve the presentation of books worthy of scientific reader interest, following the general goal of the journal: by joint efforts to create a single thought field, a field of live communication and exchange of new ideas.
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Dress code for a lawyer
The concept of dress code (eng.dress code) appeared with us relatively recently. I cannot say for sure how much and how deeply it, this dress code, has been implemented or penetrated into our law firms, but the fact that in general public opinion there is a certain idea of how a lawyer or lawyer should be dressed.
Its formation began in the early 1990s. At that time, everyone was dressed the same or almost the same. Everyone is in suits from the Bolshevichka factory, in multi-colored shirts with ties and shoes from the Salamander.In general, they dressed deliberately poorly and inconspicuously. Then lawyers appeared in multi-colored suits or in red jackets with gold chains on the chest, in silk shirts unbuttoned to the navel, with a short haircut, and only then in solid suits with stars on their lapels.
Today this image is more or less settled. There are still both the first and the second, but it is enough to approach the arbitration courts of any city or district and you will see the dress code in force in a particular area.
The question I want to ask is this: how much does clothing itself affect the success of a particular lawyer or attorney?
Christina Binkley ( Christina Binkley ), columnist for The Wall Street Journal , discusses this topic in the Fashion section of this magazine.
I will not retell all the content, a lot seems to me uninteresting for my colleagues (they have their own quirks in the US), but some of her statements and our American colleagues struck me as funny and instructive and deserve your attention.
“In the work of a lawyer, half the battle is bravado. Many seasoned lawyers see their wardrobe as a weapon to build credibility with clients, juries and judges. ”
“At Manatt, Phelps & Phillips , New York, when it comes to engaging a young employee in an important job, the polished, professional looking employee is preferred over the brilliant and experienced.