Hockey pitch dimensions. Hockey Field Dimensions and Rules: A Comprehensive Guide

What are the standard dimensions of a hockey field. How is the playing area divided. What are the key rules governing gameplay. How are penalty corners and penalty strokes awarded and executed.

Table of Contents

The Origins and Evolution of Field Hockey

Field hockey boasts a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. Primitive drawings and carvings from Ancient Greece and Egypt, circa 500 BC, depict figures engaged in stick-and-ball games eerily reminiscent of modern hockey. However, the sport has undergone significant transformations over the millennia.

Today’s field hockey is a far cry from its ancient predecessors. The game is now governed by a comprehensive set of rules and regulations developed and maintained by the Fédération Internationale de Hockey (FIH), or International Hockey Federation. The FIH’s Rules Committee is responsible for keeping the sport current, fair, and exciting for players and spectators alike.

Understanding the Basics: How is Field Hockey Played?

Field hockey is a fast-paced team sport that pits two teams of 11 players each against one another. The primary objective is straightforward: score more goals than the opposing team within the allotted time frame, typically 60 minutes.

Players use specially designed hockey sticks to control, pass, and shoot a small, hard ball. These sticks have evolved significantly from their wooden predecessors. Modern hockey sticks are high-tech marvels, constructed from a combination of fiberglass, carbon, and aramid fibers. This composite construction allows for improved strength, flexibility, and control.

Key Equipment Specifications:

Hockey stick weight: Maximum 737 grams
Stick design: Long handle with a curved head, flat on one side
Ball contact: Players may only use the flat side of the stick

Using the rounded side of the stick to play the ball results in a foul known as a “backstick,” with possession awarded to the opposing team.

The Hockey Field: Dimensions and Markings

A regulation field hockey pitch is a precisely measured and marked rectangle. Understanding its dimensions and various zones is crucial for both players and spectators to fully appreciate the nuances of the game.

Standard Field Hockey Pitch Measurements:

Length: 91.4 meters (100 yards)
Width: 55 meters (60 yards)
Surface: Modern synthetic materials (replacing natural grass)

The field is divided into several key areas, each serving a specific purpose in gameplay:

Centerline: Divides the field into two equal halves
23-meter lines: Located in each half, 23 meters from the backline
Striking circles (The “Dee”): Semi-circular areas with a 14.63-meter diameter, centered on the goal
Goal posts: Located within the striking circle

All field markings are made with clearly visible white lines. These demarcations are crucial for enforcing rules and determining the legality of various plays.

The Importance of the Striking Circle in Field Hockey

The striking circle, often referred to as “The Dee” due to its D-shaped appearance, plays a pivotal role in field hockey. This area is the focal point for scoring and several key rules.

Why is the striking circle so significant?

Goal Scoring: Valid goals can only be scored from within the striking circle
Penalty Corners: Awarded for fouls committed within the circle or 23-meter area
Penalty Strokes: Given for severe infractions that prevent certain goals

Any shot that enters the goal from outside the striking circle is disallowed, emphasizing the importance of skilled play and positioning within this crucial area.

Penalty Corners: A Unique Aspect of Field Hockey

Penalty corners are one of the most exciting and strategic elements of field hockey. They offer teams a prime opportunity to score and often involve elaborate set plays designed to outwit the defense.

When are penalty corners awarded?

Fouls committed by the defending team within their own striking circle
Intentional fouls by defenders within their 23-meter area
Accidental fouls within the 23-meter area deemed severe by the umpire

How is a penalty corner executed?

The ball is placed on the backline, 10 meters from the nearest goalpost
An attacking player pushes the ball to teammates waiting outside the striking circle
The ball must exit the circle before a shot on goal can be attempted
Defenders (maximum of 5, including the goalkeeper) start behind the backline
Once the ball is pushed, defenders can rush out to block the shot

Teams often employ specialist drag-flick experts for penalty corners. These players combine power, precision, and quick wrist action to beat the goalkeeper and defenders.

Penalty Strokes: The Ultimate Sanction in Field Hockey

A penalty stroke represents the most severe punishment in field hockey. It’s awarded when a defending player commits a foul that prevents an almost certain goal.

Key aspects of the penalty stroke:

One-on-one confrontation between an attacker and the goalkeeper
Taken from a spot 6.475 meters directly in front of the goal
The goalkeeper must remain on the goal line until the stroke is taken
The stroker can only take one step before hitting or flicking the ball

Penalty strokes create high-pressure situations, often deciding the outcome of closely contested matches.

The Evolution of Hockey Sticks: From Wood to High-Tech Composites

The development of hockey sticks mirrors the evolution of the sport itself. Early sticks were simple wooden implements, not far removed from their ancient counterparts. However, the introduction of synthetic playing surfaces in the 1970s catalyzed a revolution in stick design and materials.

Why did wooden sticks fall out of favor?

Lack of durability on abrasive synthetic surfaces
Inconsistent performance due to variations in wood grain
Limited power and control compared to modern materials

Today’s hockey sticks are marvels of materials science and engineering. Manufacturers use a carefully balanced blend of fiberglass, carbon fiber, and aramid (Kevlar) to create sticks that offer superior strength, flexibility, and ball control.

Benefits of modern composite hockey sticks:

Increased power generation for harder shots and longer passes
Enhanced feel and control for precise dribbling and ball manipulation
Improved durability and consistency across playing conditions
Customizable flex profiles to suit different playing styles

The advancement in stick technology has had a profound impact on the way field hockey is played. Players can now execute skills and shots that were once impossible, leading to a faster, more dynamic game.

The Role of the Goalkeeper in Field Hockey

Goalkeepers in field hockey occupy a unique position, both in terms of their equipment and the rules that govern their play. Unlike other players, goalkeepers are allowed to use their bodies to stop the ball within their striking circle.

What specialized equipment do field hockey goalkeepers use?

Full-face helmet with throat guard
Padded chest protector and arm guards
Heavy-duty leg pads and kickers
Specialized gloves for hand protection
A wider, shorter stick for improved blocking

This protective gear allows goalkeepers to fearlessly defend against powerful shots and deflections within the confined space of the goal area.

How do the rules differ for goalkeepers?

They may use any part of their body to stop the ball within the striking circle
Outside the circle, they must play the ball only with their stick
They cannot carry the ball outside the circle
Special substitution rules apply to changing goalkeepers during a match

The unique role of the goalkeeper adds an extra layer of strategy to field hockey, particularly during penalty corners and strokes where their skills are put to the ultimate test.

Tactical Formations and Strategies in Modern Field Hockey

As field hockey has evolved, so too have the tactical approaches employed by teams. Modern field hockey is a game of fluid positioning and rapid transitions, requiring players to be versatile and adaptable.

Common field hockey formations:

4-3-3: Four defenders, three midfielders, three forwards
4-4-2: Four defenders, four midfielders, two forwards
3-5-2: Three defenders, five midfielders, two forwards

These formations provide a basic structure, but the reality of the game involves constant movement and position switching as players respond to the flow of play.

Key strategic elements in modern field hockey:

High-pressure defense to force turnovers
Quick counterattacks to exploit defensive gaps
Utilization of the full width of the field to create space
Specialized set plays for penalty corners
Strategic use of substitutions to maintain high-intensity play

Successful teams in field hockey combine these tactical elements with individual skill and teamwork to outmaneuver their opponents and create scoring opportunities.

The Global Reach of Field Hockey: International Competitions and Olympic Status

Field hockey has grown from its ancient roots to become a truly global sport, enjoyed and played competitively on every continent. The sport’s international governing body, the FIH, oversees a variety of prestigious tournaments and works to promote the game worldwide.

Major international field hockey competitions:

Olympic Games: Field hockey has been an Olympic sport since 1908 for men, 1980 for women
Hockey World Cup: Held every four years for both men and women
Champions Trophy: Annual tournament featuring the world’s top-ranked teams
Pro League: International home-and-away league launched in 2019

These tournaments not only showcase the highest level of field hockey but also serve to inspire new generations of players and fans around the world.

Field hockey’s global footprint:

Strong traditions in Europe, particularly the Netherlands, Germany, and Great Britain
Powerhouse teams from the Indian subcontinent, including India and Pakistan
Growing popularity in Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina
Emerging programs in Africa and North America

The international nature of field hockey contributes to its rich tapestry of playing styles and tactical approaches, making it a fascinating sport for players and spectators alike.

The Future of Field Hockey: Technological Advancements and Rule Innovations

As with many sports, field hockey is continuously evolving to enhance player safety, improve spectator experience, and adapt to changing technologies. The FIH and national governing bodies are at the forefront of these innovations, constantly exploring ways to make the game more exciting and accessible.

Recent and potential future innovations in field hockey:

Video referrals: Allowing teams to challenge umpire decisions
Smart ball technology: Embedded sensors to assist with goal-line decisions
Player tracking: GPS-based systems for performance analysis
Eco-friendly synthetic turfs: Sustainable playing surfaces
Rule adjustments to increase scoring and reduce stoppages

These advancements aim to make field hockey more dynamic and engaging while maintaining the core essence of the sport.

Challenges and opportunities for field hockey’s future:

Balancing tradition with innovation
Expanding the sport’s reach in non-traditional markets
Addressing environmental concerns related to synthetic playing surfaces
Competing with other sports for media attention and funding
Developing pathways for youth players to reach elite levels

As field hockey continues to evolve, it faces both challenges and opportunities. The sport’s ability to adapt while retaining its unique character will be crucial in securing its place in the global sporting landscape for generations to come.

Know how to play the sport

In a field hockey match, two teams with 11 players each, use specially designed sticks to play for an hour and score goals to win a contest.

(Picture by getty images Germany +491728296845)

With roots dating back to 500 BC, the origin of field hockey can be traced to the early civilizations of Ancient Greece and Egypt.

There are primitive drawings and carvings on walls that depict people playing with a ball and a stick, showing striking resemblance with modern-day hockey.

However, the hockey that we see today has witnessed radical changes and the modern game is played in accordance with a set of rules and regulations formulated by the custodians of the game.

The hockey rules today are made by the Rules Committee, which works under the governing body of hockey, the Fédération Internationale de Hockey (FIH) or the International Federation of Hockey.

Here are some of the common laws of hockey.

Sport Guide: Understanding Hockey

How to play hockey?

The objective of hockey is to score more goals than the opposite team before the stipulated time runs out. All players use a hockey stick to control the ball and drive it in the opposition’s goal post to score for their team.

A hockey stick has a long handle with a curved head, which is flat on one side. The weight of a hockey stick must not exceed 737g. Modern hockey sticks are made from fibres of glass, carbon and aramid.

These fibres are laminated to build strength and sticks are made as per specifications. Earlier, field hockey sticks used to be made of wood. But the introduction of synthetic pitches forced innovations in stick making.

Players are only allowed to use the flat side of the stick to touch the ball. Failure to do so leads to a foul (backstick) and the ball is given to the opposition.

All hockey players need to pass or dribble the ball only with their stick and move it towards the opposite goal. And to score a goal, a shot can only be taken from inside the striking circle.

To understand the striking circle and the rules associated with it, we need to know the ground’s dimensions and divisions.

Hockey ground measurement

A hockey ground is rectangular in shape, measuring 91.4m in length and 55m in width. Modern pitches are made from synthetic material. The ground is divided into two halves by a centreline and each half is further divided by a 23m line and includes a Dee or the striking circle – a semi-circle with a 14.63m diameter. The goalposts lie within this Dee.

Goals can only be scored from inside the striking circle and any ball that goes in the goal from outside the circle is not counted.

A hockey field is marked with distinct white lines that define the halves and striking circles. (2016 Getty Images)

The circle also comes into play during penalty corners and penalty strokes, which are some of the best opportunities for a team to score goals. These penalties are awarded when the opposition commits a foul in the striking circle.

Penalty corner in hockey

A penalty corner is awarded to the opposition when a player commits a foul within the striking circle but not always to thwart a possible goalscoring opportunity.

The most common cause for a penalty corner is the ball touching a player’s feet in the circle.

If an offence takes place outside the striking circle but within the 23m area, the umpire can still award a penalty corner should the offence be severe.

During a penalty corner, the ball is placed 10m from the goalpost on the backline and a player pushes the ball along the carpet towards the top of the striking circle. No attacking player can be inside the Dee. To score, a player has to stop the ball just outside the circle while a team-mate tries to either flick or shoot to score a goal.

There are many strategies to score from a penalty corner. Modern teams employ a drag-flick style where a specialist in the team uses power, precision and quick wrist work to fox the team defending the goal. This is called a direct conversion style. Indirect combination methods are also used to score from penalty corners.

During a penalty corner, also called a short corner, not more than five players, including the goalkeeper, can defend the goal. Once the attacking player pushes the ball to the edge of the striking circle, the defenders are allowed to leave the goalline, charge down in a bid to thwart a goal.

Penalty stroke in hockey

A penalty stroke or penalty flick is awarded when an infringement inside the circle denies a certain goal from being scored.

Unlike the penalty corner, the penalty stroke is a one-on-one situation where a goalkeeper is supposed to save a direct shot from the penalty spot, which is 6.475m directly in front of the goal-line.

The attacking player attempts to hit the ball in the goal while the goalkeeper uses his stick and body to prevent the ball from crossing the goalline.

A penalty stroke is perhaps one of the easiest ways to score a goal in field hockey. (GETTY IMAGES)

Free hit

A free hit is awarded to a team if the opposing team commits a foul outside the circle. It is taken close to where the offence occurred.

During a free hit, the ball must be stationary and opponents must be standing at least five metres from the ball.

If the ball goes over the backline off the stick of a defending player or the goalkeeper and it is deemed unintentional, play is re-started with the ball on the 23m line and in line with where it crossed the backline. It is often called the 23m restart and rules of a free hit apply in this case.

However, if the defending player plays the ball beyond the backline intentionally and it doesn’t take any deflection from the goalkeeper on the way out, the opposition team is awarded a penalty corner.

How many players in hockey?

In hockey, each team has 11 players, including 10 field players and one goalkeeper. There are five substitutes on the bench and there is no limit to the number of times a player is allowed to be substituted. This is commonly known as rolling substitution.

The field players are commonly categorised into defenders, midfielders and strikers.

The fullbacks, wingbacks, centrebacks and sweepers make up the defensive unit of a team. Its main responsibility is to stop the rival team from scoring a goal.

The forwards, on the other hand, are made up of inside forwards, wingers and centre forwards and their main role is to score goals. In modern hockey, there are no fixed jobs even if players are assigned specific positions.

Meanwhile, the midfielders act as a bridge between forwards and defenders and help in defence as well as offence.

Each team uses a different formation of field players to suit their style of play.

The goalkeeper, meanwhile, is the only player allowed to touch the ball with any part of his body. The goalie wears protective equipment like a helmet, throat collar, body armour, kickers and leg guards at all times and also wears a different coloured jersey.

Field hockey time duration

The total duration of a field hockey match is 60 minutes (four quarters of 15 minutes each). Before 2019, matches were played for 70 minutes, with a five-minute halftime break after 35 minutes. The clock is stopped whenever the ball is ‘dead’ due to stoppages like injuries, lost ball or anything that is not in the flow of a game. Effectively, a 60-minute match usually takes longer to finish.

Umpires ensure that no time is wasted during a hockey match. (2019 Getty Images)

The umpires (one in each half of the pitch) are responsible to make sure players do not waste time during a game. Time wasting can invite short suspensions, usually handed out through cards – green or yellow.

How many quarters in hockey?

There are four quarters of 15 minutes each in field hockey. There is a two-minute break after the first and third quarter and a 15 minute-interval after the second quarter, which is halftime.

Add this to your favouritesIND

Hockey Pitch Dimensions

If you’re looking to install a facility with specific hockey pitch dimensions we offer a specialist design and construction service. The measurements of a standard hockey surface are usually around 91.4m x 55m, and this is the size used for most competitive matches. We are able to install a facility with a smaller area size to fit into existing space at your school or club, and to reduce the overall costs. For facilities which are only used for recreational purposes or practise sessions, the smaller sizes pitches are often the preferred choice.

RECEIVE A FREE QUOTE

LEARN MORE NOW

The specifications and costs for every project can vary and we have worked with many different clients to build these outdoor games areas. Please feel free to make contact with us by filling in the quick enquiry box, and we’ll get back to you with some more details of what we can do. Or you can look here – http://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/ to find out everything you need to know regarding all weather pitches.

Sand Filled Sports Pitches

2G sand-filled hockey surfaces have gotten ever more popular as they can be used in all weather conditions for training and competitive matches. It is not just professional sports clubs who have these surfaces installed, many are found at schools and colleges as well. The sand filled synthetic grass pitches may be installed as a substitute for existing natural grass which might have become muddy or damaged. The artificial carpet creates a fresh appearance for the facility and adds better playing qualities.

Ground works and foundation is the very first step for installing a synthetic sport surface. To have the most suitable foundations, the hockey pitch dimensions and measurements must be considered. A sub base will then be put down to ensure the facility is porous, stable and even totally smooth when finished. A shock-pad could also be installed to further improve the level of comfort for the players. The installation of a shockpad can also help to minimise injuries caused to joints and muscles of players using the 2G sport surfacing. The moment the construction process is finished, the sand filled facility will provide permeable qualities, this makes your facility ideal for all-weather use meaning that the 2G pitch may be used all year long.

Constructing a Hockey Court Near Me

If you are looking to construct a hockey court in [LOCATIO] then our specialists are on hand to offer you their services. As experts we have years of experience and professional knowledge so are able to build a hockey court that fits your requirements and is right for you. We can alter all dimnensions and designs to suit you, so get in touch with us today and we will get back to you shortly with everything you require.

Maintaining Astro Turf Surfacing

2G sand dressed pitches http://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/specification/sand-filled/ are hard-wearing and durable with excellent performance characteristics for hockey. The infill can help enhance the performance characteristics and should be applied across the whole area. Maintaining your sand dressed synthetic pitch is very important to be sure the infill levels are filled up constantly. Routine care really helps to improve the safety and performance characteristics of the sports surface. Contamination can be taken off through brushing and also cleaning. However, if, your pitch does become too dirty and also under contamination, restoration may very well be required. This process is conducted by extracting polluted fine sand and adding clean sand infill.

Outdoor Hockey Field Size

These surface types are very well suited to playing hockey, but they could also be utilised for football and tennis as well. For this surfacing type a thin layer of sand will be installed in the required measurements to hold the grass fibres in place as-well-as allowing balls to move easily over the surface. Having the infill within the turf fibres additionally gives more grip for the gamers using the facility.

TALK TO OUR TEAM

You could also consider having the pitch built in specific dimensions so that it could be applied for other sports. This would create a multi use games area where football and other activities may be played as well. If you wish to improve the sports pitch even more and add more features, we recommend applying more line markings. Sports markings could be added in various colours to help make the surfacing customised. A number of line-markings for different types of activities can be applied, resulting in a MUGA http://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/muga/ where lots of activities are carried out in a single space.

Other Dimensions We Offer

Football Pitch Dimensions – https://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/football/

Rugby League Pitch Dimensions – https://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/rugby-league/

Rugby Union Pitch Dimensions – https://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/rugby-union/

Tennis Court Dimensions – https://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/tennis/

Netball Court Dimensions – https://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/netball/

MUGA Court Dimensions – https://www.allweatherpitch.co.uk/dimensions/muga/

Speak To Our Team

We are here to help with any questions you might have about building a new sports facility or carrying out maintenance to an existing one. Our expert installers have worked on many projects with schools, colleges and clubs so we can advise you on all of the different products that are available. Please use the quick contact box to ask about hockey pitch dimensions and the costs for installing these surfaces.

KHL and NHL hockey rink sizes – what is the difference

Expert articles

Author Mikhail Strutsky

from 15.09.2021

The result and entertainment of the game is influenced not only by the quality and game form of the team players, but also by the characteristics of the ice rink. The difference in the size of the NHL and KHL hockey rinks is of decisive importance in choosing a game model and in how much easier it will be for players to demonstrate their best qualities to hockey players. This aspect is especially important in international tournaments, in which the host teams appear in a more favorable light, since they do not need time to adapt.

Therefore, hockey players playing for North American clubs have to get used to European parameters and build their game based on them. The same is true for Europeans coming to play in the US or Canada. Therefore, several years ago there were calls to unify the size of the site in the KHL and NHL, so that world hockey would develop according to uniform canons. It seems they were heard by the International Ice Hockey Federation.

With an identical number of players on the North American court, players have less room to maneuver and lack of time to make a decision. Therefore, the speed of the game in Canada and the United States is higher, and the game itself is more dynamic than in European leagues. It is easier for defenders to defend in such arenas, as it becomes easier to conduct a power struggle and less space needs to be covered. Forwards, on the other hand, the European version is more comfortable – the European hockey rink is more suitable for playing combination hockey, which has a large number of fans.

The most interesting box type is the Finnish ice hockey rink, which is a compromise between the “Canadian” and the European rink. As the name implies, it appeared in Finland thanks to the desire of the local hockey authorities to speed up the game without losing good conditions for hockey players. The width of the hockey rink decreased by two meters, which made it possible for the participants in the match to more often fight with power and get the goalkeeper after throws. Due to the specific rounding of the sides, the tactics of the teams entering the zone have changed.

The size of an NHL hockey rink contributes to a more spectacular game. The shortened width and other design features of the “Canadian” allow you to show the most striking hockey. In such arenas, viscous hockey with a few counterattacks will not bring success. Therefore, it is not surprising that the International Federation, after a comprehensive analysis of all sites, began to transfer world hockey to Canadian sizes.

Previously, the first president of the KHL threatened to move to the “Canadian” sites everywhere. However, this idea was not so easy to implement. However, as time has shown, it is quite feasible, since the clubs narrow the ice on their own initiative. So the three field width options are clearly not a final given. Surely, domestic teams will gradually re-equip their hockey rinks for a size of 60 by 26 within a few years, and everything else will become history.

The only thing that matches in these sites is their length. In both versions, its length is approximately 60 meters. There are no exceptions here and nowhere. The main and biggest difference is the width of this platform itself. Here the difference is as much as four meters. For understanding, this is about half of the classic room. According to the rules of the IIHF, the width is 30 meters, and in the NHL 26 meters. If we involve primitive mathematics, then we can calculate that the total area of ice in this case differs by more than 100 square meters. Of course, this also affects the style of the game. Therefore, local hockey is so much more dynamic than in Europe. A small space simply does not give time to think.

There are also a couple of seemingly minor differences. If in the IIHF the length of the distance from the blue to the red line is 8.6 meters, then in the NHL it is exactly one meter less. The distance from the tailgate to the end line is 3.3 meters, and according to IIHF rules – exactly 4 meters. This means that the middle zone in North America is much smaller than in Europe. In particular, this affects most teams. In the NHL, for a numerical majority, a team gets a lot more space.

You can also see face-off circles on the court. The dot itself in the center of the circle indicates the face-off point where the referee must throw it. Small corners near the dot indicate the position of the skates of the players at the moment of the face-off, these lines cannot be driven over. The circle itself means the boundaries in which one of the players cannot be before the face-off. The notches on this circle show the limits in which the players of each of the teams can be at that moment. In the case of a throw-in in the center, everything is simple, there the red line serves as a guide.

Special attention deserves the area near the gates, which are most often painted blue. This is the so-called goalkeeper zone. Its function is very simple. None of the attacking players can be inside this zone at the time of the goal, otherwise it simply will not be counted. Well, the last thing left to say is the front line. This is the so-called forward line. If the attacking player threw the puck from his zone and was not the first to reach it, then icing is recorded. This is a new rule, hybrid forwarding. Previously, it was fixed as soon as the puck crossed the end line in the conditions described above. Here are the short marking rules for any hockey rink in the world.